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Qin M, Ma L, Du W, Chen D, Luo G, Liu Z. Cytoplasmatic Localization of Six1 in Male Testis and Spermatogonial Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2024; 17:298-308. [PMID: 38225887 PMCID: PMC11361848 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sine oculis homeobox 1 (Six1) is an important factor for embryonic development and carcinoma malignancy. However, the localization of Six1 varies due to protein size and cell types in different organs. In this study, we focus on the expression and localization of Six1 in male reproductive organ via bioinformatics analysis and immunofluorescent detection. The potential interacted proteins with Six1 were also predicted by protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and Enrichr analysis. Bioinformatic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression project databases showed that SIX1 was highly expressed in normal human testis, but low expressed in the testicular germ cell tumor sample. Human Protein Atlas examination verified that SIX1 level was higher in normal than that in cancer samples. The sub-localization of SIX1 in different reproductive tissues varies but specifically in the cytoplasm and membrane in testicular cells. In mouse cells, single cell RNA-sequencing data analysis indicated that Six1 expression level was higher in mouse spermatogonial stem cells (mSSCs) and differentiating spermatogonial than in other somatic cells. Immunofluorescence staining showed the cytoplasmic localization of Six1 in mouse testis and mSSCs. Further PPIs and Enrichr examination showed the potential interaction of Six1 with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) and catenin Beta-1 (CtnnB1) and stem cell signal pathways. Cytoplasmic localization of Six1 in male testis and mSSCs was probably associated with stem cell related proteins Bmp4 and CtnnB1 for stem cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Qin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University (Foshan Women and Children Hospital), Foshan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linzi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Dingyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqun Luo
- Reproductive Medical Center, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University (Foshan Women and Children Hospital), Foshan, China
| | - Zhaoting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Chi G, Jaślan D, Kudrina V, Böck J, Li H, Pike ACW, Rautenberg S, Krogsaeter E, Bohstedt T, Wang D, McKinley G, Fernandez-Cid A, Mukhopadhyay SMM, Burgess-Brown NA, Keller M, Bracher F, Grimm C, Dürr KL. Structural basis for inhibition of the lysosomal two-pore channel TPC2 by a small molecule antagonist. Structure 2024; 32:1137-1149.e4. [PMID: 38815576 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Two pore channels are lysosomal cation channels with crucial roles in tumor angiogenesis and viral release from endosomes. Inhibition of the two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) has emerged as potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers and viral infections, including Ebola and COVID-19. Here, we demonstrate that antagonist SG-094, a synthetic analog of the Chinese alkaloid medicine tetrandrine with increased potency and reduced toxicity, induces asymmetrical structural changes leading to a single binding pocket at only one intersubunit interface within the asymmetrical dimer. Supported by functional characterization of mutants by Ca2+ imaging and patch clamp experiments, we identify key residues in S1 and S4 involved in compound binding to the voltage sensing domain II. SG-094 arrests IIS4 in a downward shifted state which prevents pore opening via the IIS4/S5 linker, hence resembling gating modifiers of canonical VGICs. These findings may guide the rational development of new therapeutics antagonizing TPC2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamma Chi
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Dawid Jaślan
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Kudrina
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Böck
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Huanyu Li
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Ashley C W Pike
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Susanne Rautenberg
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 7, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Einar Krogsaeter
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Tina Bohstedt
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Dong Wang
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Gavin McKinley
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Alejandra Fernandez-Cid
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Shubhashish M M Mukhopadhyay
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Nicola A Burgess-Brown
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Marco Keller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 7, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 7, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich, Germany; Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research IIP, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Munich/Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katharina L Dürr
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
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3
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Hong SW, Wang YF, Chen YJ, Zhang KY, Chen PY, Hang HX, Yin HL, Xu P, Tan C. Integrative pharmacology reveals the mechanisms of Erzhi pills, A traditional Chinese formulation, stimulating melanogenesis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117617. [PMID: 38142876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Erzhi pills (EZP), a traditional Chinese medicine formula prescribed for the treatment of vitiligo, has shown promising efficacy. However, the oral bioactive components and mechanisms underlying the promotion of melanogenesis by EZP remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological basis and mechanism of EZP in promoting melanogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS UHPLC-TOF-MS analysis was used to identify absorbed phytochemicals in serum after oral administration of EZP. Network pharmacology methods were used to predict potential targets and pathways involved in the melanogenic activity of EZP, resulting in the construction of a "compound-target-pathway" network. Zebrafish and B16F10 cells were used to evaluate the effects of EZP on tyrosinase activity and melanin content. Western blot and ELISA analyses were used to validate the effects of EZP on melanogenesis-related proteins, including MITF, TYR, CREB, p-CREB, and cAMP. RESULTS UHPLC-TOF-MS analysis identified 36 compounds derived from EZP in serum samples. Network pharmacology predictions revealed 89 target proteins associated with the identified compounds and closely related to vitiligo. GO and KEGG analyses indicated the involvement of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in the promotion of melanogenesis by EZP. Experimental results showed that EZP increased tyrosinase activity and melanin content in zebrafish and B16F10 cells without inducing toxicity. Western blot and ELISA results suggested that the melanogenic effect of EZP may be related to the activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. These results confirm the feasibility of combining serum pharmacological and network pharmacological approaches. CONCLUSIONS EZP have the potential to increase tyrosinase activity and melanin content in zebrafish and cells possibly through activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China; The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China; The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China; The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Kai-Yu Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Pei-Yao Chen
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Hua-Xi Hang
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Hui-Lin Yin
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China.
| | - Cheng Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China.
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4
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Barbonari S, D'Amore A, Hanbashi AA, Palombi F, Riccioli A, Parrington J, Filippini A. Endolysosomal two-pore channel 2 plays opposing roles in primary and metastatic malignant melanoma cells. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:521-540. [PMID: 38263578 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The ion channel two-pore channel 2 (TPC2), localised on the membranes of acidic organelles such as endo-lysosomes and melanosomes, has been shown to play a role in pathologies including cancer, and it is differently expressed in primary versus metastatic melanoma cells. Whether TPC2 plays a pro- or anti-oncogenic role in different tumour conditions is a relevant open question which we have explored in melanoma at different stages of tumour progression. The behaviour of primary melanoma cell line B16F0 and its metastatic subline B16F10 were compared in response to TPC2 modulation by silencing (by small interfering RNA), knock-out (by CRISPR/Cas9) and overexpression (by mCherry-TPC2 transfected plasmid). TPC2 silencing increased cell migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and autophagy in the metastatic samples, but abated them in the silenced primary ones. Interestingly, while TPC2 inactivation failed to affect markers of proliferation in both samples, it strongly enhanced the migratory behaviour of the metastatic cells, again suggesting that in the more aggressive phenotype TPC2 plays a specific antimetastatic role. In line with this, overexpression of TPC2 in B16F10 cells resulted in phenotype rescue, that is, a decrease in migratory ability, thus collectively resuming traits of the B16F0 primary cell line. Our research shows a novel role of TPC2 in melanoma cells that is intriguingly different in initial versus late stages of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Barbonari
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ali A Hanbashi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fioretta Palombi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Riccioli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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5
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Hanbashi A, Alotaibi M, Sobeai HMA, Binobaid L, Alhazzani K, Jin X, Kamli F, Alhoshani A, Parrington J. Loss of two-pore channel 2 function in melanoma-derived tumours reduces tumour growth in vivo but greatly increases tumour-related toxicity in the organism. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:325. [PMID: 38104117 PMCID: PMC10725603 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma, a severe form of skin cancer, poses significant health risks due to its aggressive nature and potential for metastasis. The role of two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) in the development and progression of melanoma remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the impact of TPC2 knockout (KO) on melanoma-derived tumors, focusing on tumour growth and related toxicity in the organism. METHODS The study utilized CHL-1 and B16 melanoma cell lines with TPC2 KO to assess the changes in proliferation dynamics. Methods included real-time monitoring of cell proliferation using the xCELLigence system, in vivo tumour growth assays in mice, histopathological analyses, inflammation marker assessment, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) for gene expression analysis RESULTS: TPC2 KO was found to significantly alter the proliferation dynamics of CHL-1 and B16 melanoma cells. The in vivo studies demonstrated reduced tumor growth in TPC2 KO cell-derived tumors. However, a notable increase in tumor-related toxicity in affected organs, such as the liver and spleen, was observed, indicating a complex role of TPC2 in melanoma pathology. CONCLUSIONS The loss of TPC2 function in melanoma cells leads to reduced tumour growth but exacerbates tumour-related toxicity in the organism. These findings highlight the dual role of TPC2 in melanoma progression and its potential as a therapeutic target. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and to explore TPC2 as a treatment target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hanbashi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Moureq Alotaibi
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Homood M As Sobeai
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Binobaid
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuhui Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Faroq Kamli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Ali Alhoshani
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11454, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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6
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Sang SH, Akowuah GA, Liew KB, Lee SK, Keng JW, Lee SK, Yon JAL, Tan CS, Chew YL. Natural alternatives from your garden for hair care: Revisiting the benefits of tropical herbs. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21876. [PMID: 38034771 PMCID: PMC10685248 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair shampoos containing botanical ingredients without synthetic additives, such as parabens, petrochemicals, sulfates and silicones are more skin- and environmentally friendly. In recent years, there is a growing demand for shampoo products with botanical extracts. Shampoos with botanical extracts are well-known for their perceived health benefits. They are also generally milder, non-toxic, natural, and less likely to disrupt the hair and scalp's natural pH and oil balance. Many also believe that shampoos with botanical origins have higher standards of quality. Numerous botanical extracts had been used as natural active ingredients in cosmetic formulations to meet consumer demands. In this review, we have revisited six tropical plants commonly added as natural active ingredients in shampoo formulations: Acacia concinna, Camellia oleifera, Azadirachta indica, Emblica officinalis, Sapindus mukorossi, and Garcinia mangostana. These plants have been traditionally used for hair care, and scientific research has shown that they exhibit relevant physicochemical properties and biological activities that are beneficial for hair care and scalp maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Huey Sang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Kai Bin Liew
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, Cyber 11, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Keah Lee
- M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jing-Wen Keng
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Kei Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jessica-Ai-Lyn Yon
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching Siang Tan
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia
| | - Yik-Ling Chew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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7
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Turner M, Van Hulzen L, Pietri JE. The gut microbiota induces melanin deposits that act as substrates for fimA-mediated aggregation of Salmonella Typhimurium and enhance infection of the German cockroach vector. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0211923. [PMID: 37606369 PMCID: PMC10580948 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02119-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
When Salmonella Typhimurium is ingested by German cockroaches, the bacteria replicate in the gut and persist for at least 7 d, enabling transmission in the feces. However, the mechanisms that facilitate survival and persistence in the cockroach gut remain poorly detailed. We previously reported the formation of biofilm-like aggregate populations of S. Typhimurium in the gut of cockroaches upon ingestion. We also reported that deletion of the type-1 fimbrial subunit of S. Typhimurium, fimA, leads to a reduced bacterial load in the cockroach gut. Here, we link these observations and provide further insight into the mechanism and function of S. Typhimurium aggregation in the gut of the cockroach. We show that S. Typhimurium but not Escherichia coli forms aggregated populations in the cockroach gut, and that aggregate formation requires fimA but not the biofilm formation-related genes csgA and csgD. Furthermore, we show that S. Typhimurium aggregates are formed using small granular deposits present in the cockroach gut, which exhibit properties consistent with melanin, as substrates. These melanin deposits are prevalent in the guts of both immature and adult cockroaches from laboratory colonies and are correlated with increased gut bacterial density while being entirely absent in gnotobiotic cockroaches reared without exposure to environmental bacteria, indicating they are induced as a response to the gut microbiota. When cockroaches lacking melanin deposits in the gut are fed S. Typhimurium, they exhibit lower rates of infection than those harboring melanin deposits, demonstrating that microbiota-induced melanin deposits enhance infection of the gut of the vector. IMPORTANCE Cockroaches, including the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), can be both mechanical and biological vectors of pathogenic bacteria. Together, our data reveal a novel mechanism by which S. Typhimurium interacts with the cockroach gut and its microbiota that promotes infection of the vector. These findings exemplify the emerging but underappreciated complexity of the relationship between cockroaches and S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Turner
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Landen Van Hulzen
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Jose E. Pietri
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
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8
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Becker AL, Indra AK. Oxidative Stress in Melanoma: Beneficial Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113038. [PMID: 37297001 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma ranks as the fifth most common cancer in the United States and represents one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer. While recent advances in systemic targeted therapies and immunotherapies have positively impacted melanoma survival, the survival rate of stage IV melanoma remains at a meager 32%. Unfortunately, tumor resistance can impede the effectiveness of these treatments. Oxidative stress is a pivotal player in all stages of melanoma progression, with a somewhat paradoxical function that promotes tumor initiation but hinders vertical growth and metastasis in later disease. As melanoma progresses, it employs adaptive mechanisms to lessen oxidative stress in the tumor environment. Redox metabolic rewiring has been implicated in acquired resistance to BRAF/MEK inhibitors. A promising approach to enhance the response to therapy involves boosting intracellular ROS production using active biomolecules or targeting enzymes that regulate oxidative stress. The complex interplay between oxidative stress, redox homeostasis, and melanomagenesis can also be leveraged in a preventive context. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of oxidative stress in melanoma, and how the antioxidant system may be manipulated in a therapeutic context for improved efficacy and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Becker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
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9
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Quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-E-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside, a Flavonoid Compound, Promotes Melanogenesis through the Upregulation of MAPKs and Akt/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054780. [PMID: 36902210 PMCID: PMC10003212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-E-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid compound produced by various plants with reported antiprotozoal potential against E. histolytica and G. lamblia; however, its effects on skin pigment regulation have not been studied in detail. In this investigation, we discovered that quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-E-caffeoyl)-D-glucopyranoside (coded as CC7) demonstrated a more increased melanogenesis effect in B16 cells. CC7 exhibited no cytotoxicity or effective stimulating melanin content or intracellular tyrosinase activity. This melanogenic-promoting effect was accompanied by activated expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a key melanogenic regulatory factor, melanogenic enzymes, and tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and 2 (TRP-2) in the CC7-treated cells. Mechanistically, we found that CC7 exerted melanogenic effects by upregulating the phosphorylation of stress-regulated protein kinase (p38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, the CC7 upregulation of phosphor-protein kinase B (Akt) and Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) increased the content of β-catenin in the cell cytoplasm, and subsequently, it translocated into the nucleus, resulting in melanogenesis. Specific inhibitors of P38, JNK, and Akt validated that CC7 promotes melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity by regulating the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways. Our results support that the CC7 regulation of melanogenesis involves MAPKs and Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Alghamdi K, Alehaideb Z, Kumar A, Al-Eidi H, Alghamdi SS, Suliman R, Ali R, Almourfi F, Alghamdi SM, Boudjelal M, Matou-Nasri S. Stimulatory effects of Lycium shawii on human melanocyte proliferation, migration, and melanogenesis: In vitro and in silico studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1169812. [PMID: 37197407 PMCID: PMC10184183 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1169812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no first-line treatment for vitiligo, a skin disease characterized by a lack of melanin produced by the melanocytes, resulting in an urgent demand for new therapeutic drugs capable of stimulating melanocyte functions, including melanogenesis. In this study, traditional medicinal plant extracts were tested for cultured human melanocyte proliferation, migration, and melanogenesis using MTT, scratch wound-healing assays, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot technology. Of the methanolic extracts, Lycium shawii L. (L. shawii) extract increased melanocyte proliferation at low concentrations and modulated melanocyte migration. At the lowest tested concentration (i.e., 7.8 μg/mL), the L. shawii methanolic extract promoted melanosome formation, maturation, and enhanced melanin production, which was associated with the upregulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2 melanogenesis-related proteins, and melanogenesis-related proteins. After the chemical analysis and L. shawii extract-derived metabolite identification, the in silico studies revealed the molecular interactions between Metabolite 5, identified as apigenin (4,5,6-trihydroxyflavone), and the copper active site of tyrosinase, predicting enhanced tyrosinase activity and subsequent melanin formation. In conclusion, L. shawii methanolic extract stimulates melanocyte functions, including melanin production, and its derivative Metabolite 5 enhances tyrosinase activity, suggesting further investigation of the L. shawii extract-derived Metabolite 5 as a potential natural drug for vitiligo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alghamdi
- Department of Dermatology (DOD), College of Medicine (COM), King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Vitiligo Research Chair, DOD, COM, KSU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad Alehaideb
- Department of Core Medical Research Facility and Platform, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Dermatology (DOD), College of Medicine (COM), King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Vitiligo Research Chair, DOD, COM, KSU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Al-Eidi
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, KAIMRC, KSAU-HS, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar S. Alghamdi
- Department of Core Medical Research Facility and Platform, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, KSAU-HS, KAIMRC, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Suliman
- Department of Pharmacy, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Department of Core Medical Research Facility and Platform, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Almourfi
- Department of Core Medical Research Facility and Platform, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed Boudjelal
- Department of Core Medical Research Facility and Platform, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabine Matou-Nasri
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, KAIMRC, KSAU-HS, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Blood and Cancer Research Department, KAIMRC, KSAU-HS, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sabine Matou-Nasri,
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11
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Abstract
The discovery of NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release in sea urchin eggs and then as a ubiquitous Ca2+ mobilizing messenger has introduced several novel paradigms to our understanding of Ca2+ signalling, not least in providing a link between cell stimulation and Ca2+ release from lysosomes and other acidic Ca2+ storage organelles. In addition, the hallmark concentration-response relationship of NAADP-mediated Ca2+ release, shaped by striking activation/desensitization mechanisms, influences its actions as an intracellular messenger. There has been recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release, such as the identification of the endo-lysosomal two-pore channel family of cation channels (TPCs) as their principal target and the identity of NAADP-binding proteins that complex with them. The NAADP/TPC signalling axis has gained recent prominence in pathophysiology for their roles in such disease processes as neurodegeneration, tumorigenesis and cellular viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lora L Martucci
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Minicozzi V, Qi T, Gradogna A, Pozzolini M, Milenkovic S, Filippini A, Ceccarelli M, Carpaneto A. A commentary on the inhibition of human TPC2 channel by the natural flavonoid naringenin: Methods, experiments, and ideas. Biomol Concepts 2023; 14:bmc-2022-0036. [PMID: 37677148 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human endo-lysosomes possess a class of proteins called TPC channels on their membrane, which are essential for proper cell functioning. This protein family can be functionally studied by expressing them in plant vacuoles. Inhibition of hTPC activity by naringenin, one of the main flavonoids present in the human diet, has the potential to be beneficial in severe human diseases such as solid tumor development, melanoma, and viral infections. We attempted to identify the molecular basis of the interaction between hTPC2 and naringenin, using ensemble docking on molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories, but the specific binding site remains elusive, posing a challenge that could potentially be addressed in the future by increased computational power in MD and the combined use of microscopy techniques such as cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velia Minicozzi
- INFN and Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Tianwen Qi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonella Gradogna
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefan Milenkovic
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, 16 Via A. Scarpa, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Armando Carpaneto
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
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13
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Prasedya ES, Padmi H, Ilhami BTK, Martyasari NWR, Sunarwidhi AL, Widyastuti S, Khairinisa MA, Cokrowati N, Simangunsong EE, Frediansyah A. Brown Macroalgae Sargassum cristaefolium Extract Inhibits Melanin Production and Cellular Oxygen Stress in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:8585. [PMID: 36500679 PMCID: PMC9741006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown macroalgae Sargassum has been reported for its anti-UV and photoprotective potential for industrial applications. This study evaluated the melanin inhibition activity of Sargassum cristaefolium (SCE) ethanol extract. Melanogenesis inhibition by SCE was assessed in vitro with B16-F10 melanoma cell models and in silico against melanin regulatory proteins Tyrosinase (TYR) and Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R). The regulatory properties evaluated were the melanin content, intracellular tyrosinase activity and cellular antioxidant activities. In addition, the bioactive compounds detected in SCE were subjected to molecular docking against TYR and MC1R. Based on the results, 150 µg/mL SCE effectively inhibited the production of melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity. Cellular tyrosinase activity was reduced by SCE-treated cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The results were comparable to the standard tyrosinase inhibitor kojic acid. In addition, SCE effectively decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in B16-F10 cells. The antioxidant properties may also contribute to the inhibition of melanogenesis. In addition, LCMS UHPLC-HR-ESI-MS profiling detected 33 major compounds. The results based on in silico study revealed that the bioactive compound putative kaurenoic acid showed a strong binding affinity against TYR (-6.5 kcal/mol) and MC1R (-8.6 kcal/mol). However, further molecular analyses are needed to confirm the mechanism of SCE on melanin inhibition. Nevertheless, SCE is proposed as an anti-melanogenic and antioxidant agent, which could be further developed into cosmetic skin care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Mataram, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Hasriaton Padmi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Bq Tri Khairina Ilhami
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Ni Wayan Riyani Martyasari
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | | | - Sri Widyastuti
- Faculty of Food Technology and Agroindustry, University of Mataram, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Miski Aghnia Khairinisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nunik Cokrowati
- Aquaculture Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram, Mataram 83127, Indonesia
| | | | - Andri Frediansyah
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Wonosari 55861, Indonesia
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14
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Du C, Guan X, Yan J. Two-pore channel blockade by phosphoinositide kinase inhibitors YM201636 and PI-103 determined by a histidine residue near pore-entrance. Commun Biol 2022; 5:738. [PMID: 35871252 PMCID: PMC9308409 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human two-pore channels (TPCs) are endolysosomal cation channels and play an important role in NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release and endomembrane dynamics. We found that YM201636, a PIKfyve inhibitor, potently inhibits PI(3,5)P2-activated human TPC2 with an IC50 of 0.16 μM. YM201636 also effectively inhibits NAADP-activated TPC2 and a constitutively-open TPC2 L690A/L694A mutant channel; whereas it exerts little effect when applied in the channel’s closed state. PI-103, a YM201636 analog and an inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR, also inhibits human TPC2 with an IC50 of 0.64 μM. With mutational, virtual docking, and molecular dynamic simulation analyses, we found that YM201636 and PI-103 directly block the TPC2’s open-state channel pore at the bundle-cross pore-gate region where a nearby H699 residue is a key determinant for channel’s sensitivity to the inhibitors. H699 likely interacts with the blockers around the pore entrance and facilitates their access to the pore. Substitution of a Phe for H699 largely accounts for the TPC1 channel’s insensitivity to YM201636. These findings identify two potent TPC2 channel blockers, reveal a channel pore entrance blockade mechanism, and provide an ion channel target in interpreting the pharmacological effects of two commonly used phosphoinositide kinase inhibitors. YM201636 and PI-103 are potent inhibitors of human two-pore channel 2 that act through a channel pore entrance blockade mechanism.
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15
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Cunha C, Daniel-da-Silva AL, Oliveira H. Drug Delivery Systems and Flavonoids: Current Knowledge in Melanoma Treatment and Future Perspectives. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1838. [PMID: 36363859 PMCID: PMC9693869 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer with a high prevalence in the population. An early diagnosis is crucial to cure this disease. Still, when this is not possible, combining potent pharmacological agents and effective drug delivery systems is essential to achieve optimal treatment and improve patients' quality of life. Nanotechnology application in biomedical sciences to encapsulate anticancer drugs, including flavonoids, in order to enhance therapeutic efficacy has attracted particular interest. Flavonoids have shown effectiveness against various types of cancers including in melanoma, but they show low aqueous solubility, low stability and very poor oral bioavailability. The utilization of novel drug delivery systems could increase flavonoid bioavailability, thereby potentiating its antitumor effects in melanoma. This review summarizes the potential of different flavonoids in melanoma treatment and the several nanosystems used to improve their biological activity, considering published information that reported improved biological and pharmacological properties of encapsulated flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Cunha
- Department of Biology, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana L. Daniel-da-Silva
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Department of Biology, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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16
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Blood Transcriptome Analysis of Beef Cow with Different Parity Revealed Candidate Genes and Gene Networks Regulating the Postpartum Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091671. [PMID: 36140838 PMCID: PMC9498831 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal parity is an important physiological factor influencing beef cow reproductive performance. However, there are few studies on the influence of different calving periods on early growth and postpartum diseases. Here, we conducted blood transcriptomic analysis on cows of different parities for gene discovery. We used Short Time Series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis to determine gene expression levels in cows of various parities and divided multiple parities into three main periods (nulliparous, primiparous, and multiparous) for subsequent analysis. Furthermore, the top 15,000 genes with the lowest median absolute deviation (MAD) were used to build a co-expression network using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and six independent modules were identified. Combing with Exon Wide Selection Signature (EWSS) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that TPCN2, KIF22, MICAL3, RUNX2, PDE4A, TESK2, GPM6A, POLR1A, and KLHL6 involved in early growth and postpartum diseases. The GO and KEGG enrichment showed that the Parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, and action pathway and stem cell differentiation function-related pathways were enriched. Collectively, our study revealed candidate genes and gene networks regulating the early growth and postpartum diseases and provided new insights into the potential mechanism of reproduction advantages of different parity selection.
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17
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Two-pore channels: going with the flows. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1143-1155. [PMID: 35959977 PMCID: PMC9444070 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, our understanding of the structure, mechanisms and functions of the endo-lysosomal TPC (two-pore channel) family have grown apace. Gated by the second messengers, NAADP and PI(3,5)P2, TPCs are an integral part of fundamental signal-transduction pathways, but their array and plasticity of cation conductances (Na+, Ca2+, H+) allow them to variously signal electrically, osmotically or chemically. Their relative tissue- and organelle-selective distribution, together with agonist-selective ion permeabilities provides a rich palette from which extracellular stimuli can choose. TPCs are emerging as mediators of immunity, cancer, metabolism, viral infectivity and neurodegeneration as this short review attests.
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18
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Patel S, Yuan Y, Chen CC, Jaślan D, Gunaratne G, Grimm C, Rahman T, Marchant JS. Electrophysiology of Endolysosomal Two-Pore Channels: A Current Account. Cells 2022; 11:2368. [PMID: 35954212 PMCID: PMC9368155 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-pore channels TPC1 and TPC2 are ubiquitously expressed pathophysiologically relevant proteins that reside on endolysosomal vesicles. Here, we review the electrophysiology of these channels. Direct macroscopic recordings of recombinant TPCs expressed in enlarged lysosomes in mammalian cells or vacuoles in plants and yeast demonstrate gating by the Ca2+-mobilizing messenger NAADP and/or the lipid PI(3,5)P2. TPC currents are regulated by H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ (luminal and/or cytosolic), as well as protein kinases, and they are impacted by single-nucleotide polymorphisms linked to pigmentation. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, flavonoids, and several approved drugs demonstrably block channel activity. Endogenous TPC currents have been recorded from a number of primary cell types and cell lines. Many of the properties of endolysosomal TPCs are recapitulated upon rerouting channels to the cell surface, allowing more facile recording through conventional electrophysiological means. Single-channel analyses have provided high-resolution insight into both monovalent and divalent permeability. The discovery of small-molecule activators of TPC2 that toggle the ion selectivity from a Ca2+-permeable (NAADP-like) state to a Na+-selective (PI(3,5)P2-like) state explains discrepancies in the literature relating to the permeability of TPCs. Identification of binding proteins that confer NAADP-sensitive currents confirm that indirect, remote gating likely underpins the inconsistent observations of channel activation by NAADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100229, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Dawid Jaślan
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (D.J.); (C.G.)
| | - Gihan Gunaratne
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (G.G.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (D.J.); (C.G.)
| | - Taufiq Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK;
| | - Jonathan S. Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (G.G.); (J.S.M.)
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19
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Geisslinger F, Müller M, Chao YK, Grimm C, Vollmar AM, Bartel K. Targeting TPC2 sensitizes acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to chemotherapeutics by impairing lysosomal function. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:668. [PMID: 35915060 PMCID: PMC9343397 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite novel therapy regimens and extensive research, chemoresistance remains a challenge in leukemia treatment. Of note, recent studies revealed lysosomes as regulators of cell death and chemotherapy response, suggesting this organelle is a novel target for chemosensitization. Interestingly, drug-resistant VCR-R CEM acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells have an increased expression of the lysosomal cation channel Two-Pore-Channel 2 (TPC2) compared to drug-naïve CCRF-CEM ALL cells. Concurrently, knockout (KO) of TPC2 sensitized drug-resistant VCR-R CEM cells to treatment with cytostatics. The chemosensitizing effect could be confirmed in several cell lines as well as in heterogeneous, patient-derived xenograft ALL cells, using the pharmacological TPC2 inhibitors naringenin and tetrandrine. We reveal that a dual mechanism of action mediates chemo sensitization by loss of lysosomal TPC2 function. First, because of increased lysosomal pH, lysosomal drug sequestration is impaired, leading to an increased nuclear accumulation of doxorubicin and hence increased DNA damage. Second, lysosomes of TPC2 KO cells are more prone to lysosomal damage as a result of morphological changes and dysregulation of proteins influencing lysosomal stability. This leads to induction of lysosomal cell death (LCD), evident by increased cathepsin B levels in the cytosol, truncation of pro-apoptotic Bid, as well as the reversibility of cell death by co-treatment with the cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074Me in TPC2 KO cells. In summary, this study establishes TPC2 as a novel, promising, druggable target for combination therapy approaches in ALL to overcome chemoresistance, which could be exploited in the clinic in the future. Additionally, it unravels LCD signaling as an important death-inducing component upon loss of TPC2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Geisslinger
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig-Maximilians University, Departement of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig-Maximilians University, Departement of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu-Kai Chao
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig-Maximilians University, Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig-Maximilians University, Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika M. Vollmar
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig-Maximilians University, Departement of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Bartel
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig-Maximilians University, Departement of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Munich, Germany
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20
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Martucci LL, Cancela JM. Neurophysiological functions and pharmacological tools of acidic and non-acidic Ca2+ stores. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Chen CC, Krogsaeter E, Kuo CY, Huang MC, Chang SY, Biel M. Endolysosomal cation channels point the way towards precision medicine of cancer and infectious diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112751. [PMID: 35240524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases and cancer are among the key medical challenges that humankind is facing today. A growing amount of evidence suggests that ion channels in the endolysosomal system play a crucial role in the pathology of both groups of diseases. The development of advanced patch-clamp technologies has allowed us to directly characterize ion fluxes through endolysosomal ion channels in their native environments. Endolysosomes are essential organelles for intracellular transport, digestion and metabolism, and maintenance of homeostasis. The endolysosomal ion channels regulate the function of the endolysosomal system through four basic mechanisms: calcium release, control of membrane potential, pH change, and osmolarity regulation. In this review, we put particular emphasis on the endolysosomal cation channels, including TPC2 and TRPML2, which are particularly important in monocyte function. We discuss existing endogenous and synthetic ligands of these channels and summarize current knowledge of their impact on channel activity and function in different cell types. Moreover, we summarize recent findings on the importance of TPC2 and TRPML2 channels as potential drug targets for the prevention and treatment of the emerging infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Ching-Ying Kuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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22
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Joyjamras K, Netcharoensirisuk P, Roytrakul S, Chanvorachote P, Chaotham C. Recycled Sericin Hydrolysates Modified by Alcalase ® Suppress Melanogenesis in Human Melanin-Producing Cells via Modulating MITF. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3925. [PMID: 35409284 PMCID: PMC8999004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because available depigmenting agents exhibit short efficacy and serious side effects, sericin, a waste protein from the silk industry, was hydrolyzed using Alcalase® to evaluate its anti-melanogenic activity in human melanin-producing cells. Sericin hydrolysates consisted of sericin-related peptides in differing amounts and smaller sizes compared with unhydrolyzed sericin, as respectively demonstrated by peptidomic and SDS-PAGE analysis. The lower half-maximum inhibitory concentration (9.05 ± 0.66 mg/mL) compared with unhydrolyzed sericin indicated a potent effect of sericin hydrolysates on the diminution of melanin content in human melanoma MNT1 cells. Not only inhibiting enzymatic activity but also a downregulated expression level of tyrosinase was evident in MNT1 cells incubated with 20 mg/mL sericin hydrolysates. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed the decreased mRNA level of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a tyrosinase transcription factor, which correlated with the reduction of pCREB/CREB, an upstream cascade, as assessed by Western blot analysis in MNT1 cells cultured with 20 mg/mL sericin hydrolysates for 12 h. Interestingly, treatment with sericin hydrolysates for 6-24 h also upregulated pERK, a molecule that triggers MITF degradation, in human melanin-producing cells. These results warrant the recycling of wastewater from the silk industry for further development as a safe and effective treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerati Joyjamras
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand;
| | - Ponsawan Netcharoensirisuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Chaotham
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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23
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Skelding KA, Barry DL, Theron DZ, Lincz LF. Targeting the two-pore channel 2 in cancer progression and metastasis. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:62-89. [PMID: 36046356 PMCID: PMC9400767 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of Ca2+ signaling, and particularly Ca2+ channels, in key events of cancer cell function such as proliferation, metastasis, autophagy and angiogenesis, has recently begun to be appreciated. Of particular note are two-pore channels (TPCs), a group of recently identified Ca2+-channels, located within the endolysosomal system. TPC2 has recently emerged as an intracellular ion channel of significant pathophysiological relevance, specifically in cancer, and interest in its role as an anti-cancer drug target has begun to be explored. Herein, an overview of the cancer-related functions of TPC2 and a discussion of its potential as a target for therapeutic intervention, including a summary of clinical trials examining the TPC2 inhibitors, naringenin, tetrandrine, and verapamil for the treatment of various cancers is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Skelding
- Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia;Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Daniel L. Barry
- Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia;Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Danielle Z. Theron
- Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia;Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Lisa F. Lincz
- Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia;Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia;Hunter Hematology Research Group, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, New South Wales 2298, Australia
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24
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HPLC-DAD phenolics screening and in vitro investigation of haemostatic, antidiabetic, antioxidant and photoprotective properties of Centaurea tougourensis Boiss. & Reut. HERBA POLONICA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2021-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction
Traditional medicine has an important place in human history and this since antiquity. Indeed, during Egyptian and Chinese civilization era, many detailed manuscripts, describing the therapeutic effect of plants, were found which suggest that folk medicine is the basis of the actual medicine.
Objective
To investigate the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the n-butanol (n-BuOH) and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of the aerial part of Centaurea tougourensis.
Methods
The phytochemical evaluation was done based on HPLC-DAD approach. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), while the hemostatic effect was performed using plasma recalcification time (PRT) method. The antidiabetic capacity was investigated by alpha-amylase inhibition assay and the photoprotective test was evaluated by the measurement of sun protection factor (SPF).
Results
13 phenolic compounds were identified in both extracts of C. tougourensis. These extracts showed antioxidant, haemostatic, antidiabetic and photoprotective properties with a dose-dependent manner. Amounts of n-BuOH activities were found higher, with a respective IC50 value of 0.72±0.07 μg/ml in DPPH assay, an A0.50 value lower than 3.125 μg/ml in CUPRAC assay besides a shortening rate percentage of coagulation (86.71%) in haemostatic assay, a moderate inhibition effect on alpha amylase activity with an IC50 value of (711.5±0.03 μg/ml) and a maximum sun protection factor of (56.035). These results were mostly found highly significant (p<0.001) when compared to respective standards.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated some pharmacological effects of C. tougourensis which suggests that our plant could be a good candidate to treat some illnesses related to oxidative stress, bleeding or skin cancer.
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25
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Barbonari S, D'Amore A, Palombi F, De Cesaris P, Parrington J, Riccioli A, Filippini A. RELEVANCE OF LYSOSOMAL Ca2+ SIGNALLING MACHINERY IN CANCER. Cell Calcium 2022; 102:102539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Choi KY. Bioprocess of Microbial Melanin Production and Isolation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:765110. [PMID: 34869277 PMCID: PMC8637283 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.765110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin is one of the most abundant pigments found in the biosphere. Owing to its high biocompatibility and diverse biological activities, it has been widely applied as a functional biomaterial in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, biopolymer, and environmental fields. In this study, the production of melanin was comprehensively reviewed concerning bioconversion and isolation processes. First, several melanogenic microbes, including fungi and bacteria, were summarized. Melanin production was classified by host and melanin type and was analyzed by titers in g/L in addition to reaction conditions, including pH and temperature. The production was further interpreted using a space-time yields chart, which showed two distinct classifications in productivity, and reaction conditions were analyzed using a pH-temperature-titer chart. Next, the extraction process was summarized by crude and pure melanin preparation procedures, and the extraction yields were highlighted. Finally, the recent applications of melanin were briefly summarized, and prospects for further application and development in industrial applications were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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27
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Cajanin Suppresses Melanin Synthesis through Modulating MITF in Human Melanin-Producing Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196040. [PMID: 34641584 PMCID: PMC8512678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its classification as a non-life-threatening disease, increased skin pigmentation adversely affects quality of life and leads to loss of self-confidence. Until now, there are no recommended remedies with high efficacy and human safety for hyperpigmentation. This study aimed to investigate anti-melanogenic activity and underlying mechanism of cajanin, an isoflavonoid extracted from Dalbergia parviflora Roxb. (Leguminosae) in human melanin-producing cells. Culture with 50 μM cajanin for 48–72 h significantly suppressed proliferation in human melanoma MNT1 cells assessed via MTT viability assay. Interestingly, cajanin also efficiently diminished melanin content in MNT1 cells with the half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 77.47 ± 9.28 μM. Instead of direct inactivating enzymatic function of human tyrosinase, down-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of MITF and downstream melanogenic enzymes, including tyrosinase, TRP-1 and Dct (TRP-2) were observed in MNT1 cells treated with 50 μM cajanin for 24–72 h. Correspondingly, treatment with cajanin modulated the signaling pathway of CREB and ERK which both regulate MITF expression level. Targeted suppression on MITF-related proteins in human melanin-producing cells strengthens the potential development of cajanin as an effective treatment for human hyperpigmented disorders.
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28
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Abrahamian C, Grimm C. Endolysosomal Cation Channels and MITF in Melanocytes and Melanoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071021. [PMID: 34356645 PMCID: PMC8301777 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is the principal transcription factor regulating pivotal processes in melanoma cell development, growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation and invasion. In recent years, convincing evidence has been provided attesting key roles of endolysosomal cation channels, specifically TPCs and TRPMLs, in cancer, including breast cancer, glioblastoma, bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma. In this review, we provide a gene expression profile of these channels in different types of cancers and decipher their roles, in particular the roles of two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) and TRPML1 in melanocytes and melanoma. We specifically discuss the signaling cascades regulating MITF and the relationship between endolysosomal cation channels, MAPK, canonical Wnt/GSK3 pathways and MITF.
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29
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D’Amore A, Gradogna A, Palombi F, Minicozzi V, Ceccarelli M, Carpaneto A, Filippini A. The Discovery of Naringenin as Endolysosomal Two-Pore Channel Inhibitor and Its Emerging Role in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cells 2021; 10:1130. [PMID: 34067054 PMCID: PMC8150892 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid naringenin (Nar), present in citrus fruits and tomatoes, has been identified as a blocker of an emerging class of human intracellular channels, namely the two-pore channel (TPC) family, whose role has been established in several diseases. Indeed, Nar was shown to be effective against neoangiogenesis, a process essential for solid tumor progression, by specifically impairing TPC activity. The goal of the present review is to illustrate the rationale that links TPC channels to the mechanism of coronavirus infection, and how their inhibition by Nar could be an efficient pharmacological strategy to fight the current pandemic plague COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella D’Amore
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 16 Via A. Scarpa, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Antonella Gradogna
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Fioretta Palombi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 16 Via A. Scarpa, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Velia Minicozzi
- INFN and Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy;
| | - Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
- IOM-CNR Unità di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Armando Carpaneto
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 16 Via A. Scarpa, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (F.P.)
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