1
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Wilkerson AD, Parthasarathy PB, Stabellini N, Mitchell C, Pavicic PG, Fu P, Rupani A, Husic H, Rayman PA, Swaidani S, Abraham J, Budd GT, Moore H, Al-Hilli Z, Ko JS, Baar J, Chan TA, Alban T, Diaz-Montero CM, Montero AJ. Phase II Clinical Trial of Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy Reveals Distinct Transcriptomic Profiles by Radiologic Response in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:82-93. [PMID: 37882661 PMCID: PMC10767305 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A single arm, phase II trial of carboplatin, nab-paclitaxel, and pembrolizumab (CNP) in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) was designed to evaluate overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DOR), safety/tolerability, overall survival (OS), and identify pathologic and transcriptomic correlates of response to therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with ≤2 prior therapies for metastatic disease were treated with CNP regardless of tumor programmed cell death-ligand 1 status. Core tissue biopsies were obtained prior to treatment initiation. ORR was assessed using a binomial distribution. Survival was analyzed via the Kaplan-Meier method. Bulk RNA sequencing was employed for correlative studies. RESULTS Thirty patients were enrolled. The ORR was 48.0%: 2 (7%) complete responses (CR), 11 (41%) partial responses (PR), and 8 (30%) stable disease (SD). The median DOR for patients with CR or PR was 6.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 4-8.5 months]. For patients with CR, DOR was >24 months. Overall median PFS and OS were 5.8 (95% CI, 4.7-8.5 months) and 13.4 months (8.9-17.3 months), respectively. We identified unique transcriptomic landscapes associated with each RECIST category of radiographic treatment response. In CR and durable PR, IGHG1 expression was enriched. IGHG1high tumors were associated with improved OS (P = 0.045) and were concurrently enriched with B cells and follicular helper T cells, indicating IGHG1 as a promising marker for lymphocytic infiltration and robust response to chemo-immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment tissue sampling in mTNBC treated with CNP reveals transcriptomic signatures that may predict radiographic responses to chemo-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avia D. Wilkerson
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland, Ohio
- Cleveland Clinic Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Nickolas Stabellini
- Graduate Education Office, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carley Mitchell
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paul G. Pavicic
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amit Rupani
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hana Husic
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Patricia A. Rayman
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shadi Swaidani
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jame Abraham
- Cleveland Clinic Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - G. Thomas Budd
- Cleveland Clinic Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Halle Moore
- Cleveland Clinic Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zahraa Al-Hilli
- Cleveland Clinic Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jennifer S. Ko
- Cleveland Clinic Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joseph Baar
- University Hospitals/Seidman Cancer Center Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Timothy A. Chan
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tyler Alban
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - C. Marcela Diaz-Montero
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alberto J. Montero
- University Hospitals/Seidman Cancer Center Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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2
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Dimas A, Goussia A, Papoudou-Bai A, Politi A, Paschopoulos M, Navrozoglou I, Makrigiannakis A, Vrekoussis T. The expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone family peptides in premalignant and malignant vulvar lesions. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:260-268. [PMID: 37382757 PMCID: PMC10761541 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relation of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) family peptides with inflammatory processes and oncogenesis, emphasizing in vulvar inflammatory, premalignant and malignant lesions, as well as to investigate the possibility of lesion cells immunoescaping, utilizing FAS/FAS-L complex. METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of CRH, urocortin (UCN), FasL and their receptors CRHR1, CRHR2 and Fas was studied in vulvar tissue sections obtained from patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of lichen, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). The patient cohort was selected from a tertiary teaching Hospital in Greece, between 2005 and 2015. For each of the disease categories, immunohistochemical staining was evaluated and the results were statistically compared. RESULTS A progressive increase of the cytoplasmic immunohistochemical expression of CRH and UCN, from precancerous lesions to VSCC was observed. A similar increase was detected for Fas and FasL expression. Nuclear localization of UCN was demonstrated in both premalignant and VSCC lesions, with staining being significantly intensified in carcinomas, particularly in the less differentiated tumor areas or in the areas at invasive tumor front. CONCLUSIONS Stress response system and CRH family peptides seem to have a role in inflammation maintenance and progression of vulvar premalignant lesions to malignancy. It seems that stress peptides may locally modulate the stroma through Fas/FasL upregulation, possibly contributing to vulvar cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Goussia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Pathology, German Oncology Center, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Alexandra Papoudou-Bai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anastasia Politi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, Andreas Syggros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121, Athens, Greece
| | - Minas Paschopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Iordanis Navrozoglou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Antonis Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Health Science, University of Crete, 71500, Iraklio, Greece
| | - Thomas Vrekoussis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Health Science, University of Crete, 71500, Iraklio, Greece
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3
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Dimas A, Margioula-Siarkou C, Politi A, Sotiriadis A, Papanikolaou A, Dinas K, Petousis S. The expression and possible role of corticotropin-releasing hormone family peptides and their corresponding receptors in gynaecological malignancies and premalignant conditions: a systematic review. PRZEGLAD MENOPAUZALNY = MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2023; 22:227-235. [PMID: 38239406 PMCID: PMC10793609 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2023.133878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the impact of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) family peptides and their corresponding receptors on human physiology and disease onset, with a specific focus on gynaecological malignancies such as breast, endometrial, ovarian, vulvar, and cervical cancer. A comprehensive systematic review of 3 medical databases was conducted by 2 independent reviewers. We reviewed studies that explored the expression and role of CRH peptides in various aspects of cancer biology, in the context of breast, endometrial, ovarian, vulvar, and cervical cancer. Our findings reveal that CRH family peptides and their receptors, CRHR1 and CRHR2, are expressed in diverse gynaecological tissues, including cancer cells. Notably, we observed differential expression patterns among different gynaecological cancer types and stages, indicating potential associations with tumour aggressiveness and patient prognosis. Furthermore, CRH peptides were found to exert significant influences on critical cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and immune response, in gynaecological cancers. These findings highlight the multifaceted roles of CRH family peptides in gynaecological malignancies and emphasize the need for further research in this field. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the involvement of CRH family peptides in tumourigenesis may open new avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies in gynaecological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Dimas
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Anastasia Politi
- 1 Dermatology Department, “Andreas Syggros” Hospital for Skin Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Sotiriadis
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexios Papanikolaou
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dinas
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Petousis
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Slominski RM, Raman C, Chen JY, Slominski AT. How cancer hijacks the body's homeostasis through the neuroendocrine system. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:263-275. [PMID: 36803800 PMCID: PMC10038913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cancer not only escapes the body's regulatory mechanisms, but also gains the ability to affect local and systemic homeostasis. Specifically, tumors produce cytokines, immune mediators, classical neurotransmitters, hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, biogenic amines, melatonin, and glucocorticoids, as demonstrated in human and animal models of cancer. The tumor, through the release of these neurohormonal and immune mediators, can control the main neuroendocrine centers such as the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenals, and thyroid to modulate body homeostasis through central regulatory axes. We hypothesize that the tumor-derived catecholamines, serotonin, melatonin, neuropeptides, and other neurotransmitters can affect body and brain functions. Bidirectional communication between local autonomic and sensory nerves and the tumor, with putative effects on the brain, is also envisioned. Overall, we propose that cancers can take control of the central neuroendocrine and immune systems to reset the body homeostasis in a mode favoring its expansion at the expense of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir M Slominski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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5
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Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone: Biology and Therapeutic Opportunities. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121785. [PMID: 36552294 PMCID: PMC9775501 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 1981, Wylie Vale, Joachim Spiess, Catherine Rivier, and Jean Rivier reported on the characterization of a 41-amino-acid peptide from ovine hypothalamic extracts with high potency and intrinsic activity stimulating the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone and β-endorphin by cultured anterior pituitary cells. With its sequence known, this neuropeptide was determined to be a hormone and consequently named corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), although the term corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is still used and preferred in some circumstances. Several decades have passed since this seminal contribution that opened a new research era, expanding the understanding of the coding of stress-related processes. The characterization of CRH receptors, the availability of CRH agonists and antagonists, and advanced immunocytochemical staining techniques have provided evidence that CRH plays a role in the regulation of several biological systems. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present knowledge of this 41-amino-acid peptide.
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6
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An JS, Wang GL, Wang DM, Yang YQ, Wu JS, Zhao YQ, Gong S, Tan JH. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Hormones Impair Pig Fertilization and Preimplantation Embryo Development via Inducing Oviductal Epithelial Apoptosis: An In Vitro Study. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233891. [PMID: 36497149 PMCID: PMC9740987 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies show that stressful events after ovulation in sows significantly impaired the embryo cleavage with a significant elevation of blood cortisol. However, the effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol on fertilization and embryo development remain to be specified, and whether they damage pig embryos directly or indirectly is unclear. This study demonstrated that embryo development was unaffected when pig parthenotes were cultured with different concentrations of CRH/ACTH/cortisol. However, embryo development was significantly impaired when the embryos were cocultured with pig oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) in the presence of CRH/cortisol or cultured in medium that was conditioned with CRH/cortisol-pretreated OECs (CRH/cortisol-CM). Fertilization in CRH/cortisol-CM significantly increased the rates of polyspermy. CRH and cortisol induced apoptosis of OECs through FAS and TNFα signaling. The apoptotic OECs produced less growth factors but more FASL and TNFα, which induced apoptosis in embryos. Pig embryos were not sensitive to CRH because they expressed no CRH receptor but the CRH-binding protein, and they were tolerant to cortisol because they expressed more 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2) than HSD11B1. When used at a stress-induced physiological concentration, while culture with either CRH or cortisol alone showed no effect, culture with both significantly increased apoptosis in OECs. In conclusion, CRH and cortisol impair pig fertilization and preimplantation embryo development indirectly by inducing OEC apoptosis via the activation of the FAS and TNFα systems. ACTH did not show any detrimental effect on pig embryos, nor OECs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuai Gong
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (J.-H.T.); Tel.: +86-0538-8249616 (S.G. & J.-H.T.); Fax: +86-0538-8241419 (S.G. & J.-H.T.)
| | - Jing-He Tan
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (J.-H.T.); Tel.: +86-0538-8249616 (S.G. & J.-H.T.); Fax: +86-0538-8241419 (S.G. & J.-H.T.)
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7
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Garrity C, Arzi B, Haus B, Lee CA, Vapniarsky N. A Fresh Glimpse into Cartilage Immune Privilege. Cartilage 2022; 13:119-132. [PMID: 36250484 PMCID: PMC9924976 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221126349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of degenerative cartilage disorders in young patients is a growing public concern worldwide. Cartilage's poor innate regenerative capacity has inspired the exploration and development of cartilage replacement treatments such as tissue-engineered cartilages and osteochondral implants as potential solutions to cartilage loss. The clinical application of tissue-engineered implants is hindered by the lack of long-term follow-up demonstrating efficacy, biocompatibility, and bio-integration. The historically reported immunological privilege of cartilage tissue was based on histomorphological observations pointing out the lack of vascularity and the presence of a tight extracellular matrix. However, clinical studies in humans and animals do not unequivocally support the immune-privilege theory. More in-depth studies on cartilage immunology are needed to make clinical advances such as tissue engineering more applicable. This review analyzes the literature that supports and opposes the concept that cartilage is an immune-privileged tissue and provides insight into mechanisms conferring various degrees of immune privilege to other, more in-depth studied tissues such as testis, eyes, brain, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Garrity
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology
and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological
Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA,
USA
| | - Brian Haus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra A. Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Vapniarsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology
and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Natalia Vapniarsky, Department of
Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, One
Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA.
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8
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Balogh B, Vecsernyés M, Veres-Székely A, Berta G, Stayer-Harci A, Tarjányi O, Sétáló G. Urocortin stimulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation and proliferation but reduces ATP production of MCF7 breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 547:111610. [PMID: 35219718 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Urocortins are members of the stress-related corticotropin-releasing factor family. Small amounts of them are present in the circulation and they are produced locally in various tissues of higher vertebrates. Aside from regulating circulation, or food uptake they also influence, via auto- and paracrine mechanisms, cell proliferation. In the present study we investigated in MCF7 human breast cancer cells the effect of urocortin onto mitogenic signaling via ERK1/2. Our results revealed that already 10 nM urocortin could stimulate the phosphorylation of these kinases and cell proliferation of MCF7 cells while ATP production was reduced when kept in the presence of the peptide up to two days. We examined the expression and contribution of the specific receptors of urocortin to the activation of ERK1/2 and to cell proliferation, the intracellular distribution of phosphorylated ERK1/2, and the involvement of additional proteins like PKA, PKB/Akt, MEK, p53, Rb and E2F-1 behind the observed phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Balogh
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, H-7643, Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Hungary.
| | - Mónika Vecsernyés
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, H-7643, Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Hungary; Signal Transduction Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, H-7624, Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Hungary.
| | - Apor Veres-Székely
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1083, Budapest, 53-54. Bókay Street, Hungary; ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, H-7643, Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Hungary; Signal Transduction Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, H-7624, Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Hungary.
| | - Alexandra Stayer-Harci
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, H-7643, Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Hungary; Signal Transduction Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, H-7624, Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Hungary.
| | - Oktávia Tarjányi
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, H-7643, Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Hungary; Signal Transduction Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, H-7624, Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Hungary.
| | - György Sétáló
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, H-7643, Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Hungary; Signal Transduction Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, H-7624, Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Hungary.
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9
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Shi G, Liu M, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang N. Effects of Inflammatory Response Genes on the Immune Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:886949. [PMID: 35464849 PMCID: PMC9032353 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.886949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The close relationship between colorectal cancer and inflammation has been widely reported. However, the relationship between colorectal cancer and inflammation at the genetic level is not fully understood.Method: From a genetic perspective, this study explored the relationship between inflammation-related genes and the immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer. We identified prognostic genes, namely CX3CL1, CCL22, SERPINE1, LTB4R, XCL1, GAL, TIMP1, ADIPOQ, and CRH, by using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. A risk scoring model for inflammatory response was established, and patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were divided into two groups: high risk group and low risk group.Results: The analysis showed that the prognosis of the two groups was significantly different, and the low-risk group had a higher survival rate and longer survival time. Pathways related to apoptosis, inflammatory response, and hypoxia were significantly enriched as shown via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Activated dendritic cell infiltration was found in both the TCGA and GEO databases, and the CCL21 gene played a significant role in the process of activated dendritic cell infiltration. CCL21 gene was also positively correlated with inflammatory response, and the gene expression and risk score were significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion: In summary, inflammatory response has a direct impact on patients with colorectal cancer in the prognosis and immune infiltration and further research studies on the inflammatory response can help in advancing the development of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Wang
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang, ; Nan Zhang,
| | - Nan Zhang
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang, ; Nan Zhang,
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10
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Mampay M, Flint MS, Sheridan GK. Tumour brain: Pretreatment cognitive and affective disorders caused by peripheral cancers. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3977-3996. [PMID: 34029379 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
People that develop extracranial cancers often display co-morbid neurological disorders, such as anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment, even before commencement of chemotherapy. This suggests bidirectional crosstalk between non-CNS tumours and the brain, which can regulate peripheral tumour growth. However, the reciprocal neurological effects of tumour progression on brain homeostasis are not well understood. Here, we review brain regions involved in regulating peripheral tumour development and how they, in turn, are adversely affected by advancing tumour burden. Tumour-induced activation of the immune system, blood-brain barrier breakdown and chronic neuroinflammation can lead to circadian rhythm dysfunction, sleep disturbances, aberrant glucocorticoid production, decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and dysregulation of neural network activity, resulting in depression and memory impairments. Given that cancer-related cognitive impairment diminishes patient quality of life, reduces adherence to chemotherapy and worsens cancer prognosis, it is essential that more research is focused at understanding how peripheral tumours affect brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe Mampay
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Melanie S Flint
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Graham K Sheridan
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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11
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Zhao YQ, Chen RR, Kong QQ, An JS, Zhao XY, Gong S, Yuan HJ, Tan JH. Corticosterone induced apoptosis of mouse oviduct epithelial cells independent of the TNF-α system. J Reprod Dev 2020; 67:43-51. [PMID: 33310974 PMCID: PMC7902214 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported in recent studies that restraint stress on pregnant mice during the preimplantation stage elevated corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)
and glucocorticoid levels in the serum and oviducts; furthermore, CRH and corticosterone (CORT) impacted preimplantation embryos indirectly by triggering the
apoptosis of oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) through activation of the Fas system. However, it remains unclear whether TNF-α signaling is involved in CRH-
and/or glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of OECs. In the present study, it was shown that culture with either CRH or CORT induced significant apoptosis of OECs.
The culture of OECs with CRH augmented both FasL expression and TNF-α expression. However, culture with CORT increased FasL, but decreased TNF-α, expression
significantly. Although knocking down/knocking out FasL expression in OECs significantly ameliorated the proapoptotic effects of both CRH and CORT, knocking
down/knocking out TNF-α expression relieved only the proapoptotic effect of CRH but not that of CORT. Taken together, our results demonstrated
that CRH-induced OEC apoptosis involved both Fas signaling and TNF-α signaling. Conversely, CORT-induced OEC apoptosis involved only the Fas, but not the TNF-α,
signaling pathway. The data obtained are crucial for our understanding of the mechanisms by which various categories of stress imposed on pregnant females
impair embryo development, as well as for the development of measures to protect the embryo from the adverse effects of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Ren Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Kong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Song An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Gong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Jie Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
| | - Jing-He Tan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
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12
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Extracellular Vesicles and Tumor-Immune Escape: Biological Functions and Clinical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072286. [PMID: 32225076 PMCID: PMC7177226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of the immune system is one of the hallmarks of cancer. It is now widely described that cancer cells are able to evade the immune response and thus establish immune tolerance. The exploration of the mechanisms underlying this ability of cancer cells has always attracted the scientific community and is the basis for the development of new promising cancer therapies. Recent evidence has highlighted how extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a mechanism by which cancer cells promote immune escape by inducing phenotypic changes on different immune cell populations. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings on the role of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) in regulating immune checkpoints, focusing on the PD-L1/PD-1 axis.
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13
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Li CY, Li ZB, Kong QQ, Han X, Xiao B, Li X, Chang ZL, Tan JH. Restraint-induced corticotrophin-releasing hormone elevation triggers apoptosis of ovarian cells and impairs oocyte competence via activation of the Fas/FasL system. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:828-837. [PMID: 29668880 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms by which psychological stress damages oocytes are largely undetermined. Although a previous study showed that the stress-induced corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) elevation impaired oocyte competence by triggering apoptosis of ovarian cells, how CRH causes apoptosis in ovarian cells and oocytes is unknown. In this study, we have examined the hypothesis that restraint stress (RS)-induced CRH elevation triggers apoptosis of ovarian cells and impairs oocyte competence through activating the Fas/FasL system. The results showed that RS of female mice impaired oocyte competence, enhanced expression of CRH and CRH receptor (CRH-R) in the ovary, and induced apoptosis while activating the Fas/FasL system in mural granulosa cells (MGCs) and oocytes. Injecting mice with CRH-R1 antagonist antalarmin significantly alleviated the adverse effect of RS on oocyte developmental potential. Treatment of cultured MGCs recapitulated the effects of CRH and antalarmin on apoptosis and Fas/FasL expression in MGCs. Silencing FasL gene by RNA interference in cultured MGCs further confirmed the involvement of the Fas/FasL system in the CRH triggered apoptosis of ovarian cells. It is concluded that the RS-induced CRH elevation triggers apoptosis of ovarian cells and impairs oocyte competence via activation of the Fas/FasL system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Bin Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Kong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Le Chang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
| | - Jing-He Tan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
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14
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Sagrillo-Fagundes L, Bienvenue-Pariseault J, Legembre P, Vaillancourt C. An insight into the role of the death receptor CD95 throughout pregnancy: Guardian, facilitator, or foe. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:197-211. [PMID: 30702213 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prototype death receptor CD95 (Fas) and its ligand, CD95L (FasL), have been thoroughly studied due to their role in immune homeostasis and elimination of infected and transformed cells. The fact that CD95 is present in female reproductive cells and modulated during embryogenesis and pregnancy has raised interest in its role in immune tolerance to the fetoplacental unit. CD95 has been shown to be critical for proper embryonic formation and survival. Moreover, altered expression of CD95 or its ligand causes autoimmunity and has also been directly involved in recurrent pregnancy losses and pregnancy disorders. The objective of this review is to summarize studies that evaluate the mechanisms involved in the activation of CD95 to provide an updated global view of its effect on the regulation of the maternal immune system. Modulation of the CD95 system components may be the immune basis of several common pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sagrillo-Fagundes
- Department of Environmental toxicology and Chemical Pharmacology, INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josianne Bienvenue-Pariseault
- Department of Environmental toxicology and Chemical Pharmacology, INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Legembre
- Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling Laboratory INSERM ERL440, Centre Eugène Marquis, Inserm U1242, Equipe Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- Department of Environmental toxicology and Chemical Pharmacology, INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Makrigiannakis A, Vrekoussis T, Zoumakis E, Hatzidakis V, Vlachou E, Salakos N, Kalantaridou SN. Endometrial CRH and implantation: from bench to bedside. Hormones (Athens) 2018; 17:293-297. [PMID: 29916119 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) has been described as a mediator of decidualisation and as a contributor of maternal-fetal immunotolerance. Deregulation of the CRH expression pattern has been associated with unfavourable reproductive outcomes as well as chronic endometrium-derived inflammatory disorders, such as endometriosis and adenomyosis. The current review summarises the evidence produced regarding the role of CRH in endometrial physiology and pathophysiology and highlights recent clinical data regarding the role of CRH in improving clinical pregnancy rates in women with repeated implantation failures following in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Thomas Vrekoussis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Emmanouel Zoumakis
- Choremeion Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilia Hatzidakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eugenia Vlachou
- Nursing Department, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicolaos Salakos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia N Kalantaridou
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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16
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Murine splenic B cells express corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 that affect their viability during a stress response. Sci Rep 2018; 8:143. [PMID: 29317694 PMCID: PMC5760685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is now recognized as a risk factor for disease development and/or exacerbation. It has been shown to affect negatively the immune system and notably the humoral immune response. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is known to play a crucial role in stress response. CRH receptors are expressed on different immune cells such as granulocytes, monocytes and T cells. However, up to now, no CRH receptor has been described on B cells which are key players of the humoral immune response. In order to highlight new pathways by which stress may impact immunity, we investigated the role of CRH in B cells. Here we show that splenic B cells express the CRH receptor 2 (CRHR2), but not CRHR1. This receptor is functional since CRH treatment of B cells activates different signaling pathways (e.g. p38) and decreases B cell viability. Finally, we show that immunization of mice with two types of antigens induces a more intense CRHR staining in secondary lymphoid organs where B cells are known to respond to the antigen. Altogether our results demonstrate, for the first time, that CRH is able to modulate directly B cell activity through the presence of CRHR2.
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17
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Xu Y, Han T, Zhu Y, Chen Q. miR-590-5P inhibits the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma by targeting FasL. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:11880-11887. [PMID: 31966552 PMCID: PMC6966079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated microRNA-590-5P (miR-590-5P), which functions as an anti-onco-miRNA in TSCC by downregulating FasL expression. METHODS In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to detect FasL protein expression in 30 OSCC samples and 8 normal oral mucosa tissue samples. Target Scan was used to predict miRNAs that target FasL. Luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the effects of miRNA on FasL. Subsequently, the SCC3 tongue cancer cell line was transfected with a miR-590-5P mimic or miR-590-5P inhibitor. qPCR and Western blots were used to detect the expression levels of miR-590-5P and FasL. SCC3 cell viability, apoptosis and growth were assayed by MTT assays, colony formation assays, and a xenograft model. RESULTS FasL expression was significantly higher in OSCC tissue samples than in normal oral mucosa tissue samples. miR-590-5P could downregulate the expression of FasL in vitro via direct binding to its 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Overexpression of miR-590-5P inhibited the proliferation of SCC3 cells. Moreover, miR-590-5P increased the sensitivity of SCC3 cells to the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (DDP) and led to a significant decrease in colony formation ability. The xenograft experiment confirmed that miR-590-5P can suppress the development of TSCC. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that miR-590-5P targets FasL to inhibit the development of tongue cancer and that miR-590-5P may be a novel therapeutic target for TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxue Xu
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tongtong Han
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province Hefei 230032, China
| | - Youming Zhu
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qiaoer Chen
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province Hefei 230032, China
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18
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Pothoulakis C, Torre-Rojas M, Duran-Padilla MA, Gevorkian J, Zoras O, Chrysos E, Chalkiadakis G, Baritaki S. CRHR2/Ucn2 signaling is a novel regulator of miR-7/YY1/Fas circuitry contributing to reversal of colorectal cancer cell resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:334-346. [PMID: 28929494 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) responds poorly to immuno-mediated cytotoxicity. Underexpression of corticotropin-releasing-hormone-receptor-2 (CRHR2) in CRC, promotes tumor survival, growth and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), in vitro and in vivo. We explored the role of CRHR2 downregulation in CRC cell resistance to Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis and the underlying molecular mechanism. CRC cell sensitivity to CH11-induced apoptosis was compared between Urocortin-2 (Ucn2)-stimulated parental and CRHR2-overexpressing CRC cell lines and targets of CRHR2/Ucn2 signaling were identified through in vitro and ex vivo analyses. Induced CRHR2/Ucn2 signaling in SW620 and DLD1 cells increased specifically their sensitivity to CH11-mediated apoptosis, via Fas mRNA and protein upregulation. CRC compared to control tissues had reduced Fas expression that was associated with lost CRHR2 mRNA, poor tumor differentiation and high risk for distant metastasis. YY1 silencing increased Fas promoter activity in SW620 and re-sensitized them to CH11-apoptosis, thus suggesting YY1 as a putative transcriptional repressor of Fas in CRC. An inverse correlation between Fas and YY1 expression was confirmed in CRC tissue arrays, while elevated YY1 mRNA was clinically relevant with advanced CRC grade and higher risk for distant metastasis. CRHR2/Ucn2 signaling downregulated specifically YY1 expression through miR-7 elevation, while miR-7 modulation in miR-7high SW620-CRHR2+ and miR-7low HCT116 cells, had opposite effects on YY1 and Fas expressions and cell sensitivity to CH11-killing. CRHR2/Ucn2 signaling is a negative regulator of CRC cell resistance to Fas/FasL-apoptosis via targeting the miR-7/YY1/Fas circuitry. CRHR2 restoration might prove effective in managing CRC response to immune-mediated apoptotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalabos Pothoulakis
- IBD Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Monica Torre-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco A Duran-Padilla
- Servicio de Patologia, Hospital General de Mexico 'Eduardo Liceaga', Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Gevorkian
- IBD Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Odysseas Zoras
- Division of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Chrysos
- Division of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Chalkiadakis
- Division of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stavroula Baritaki
- IBD Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Fang X, Hong Y, Dai L, Qian Y, Zhu C, Wu B, Li S. CRH promotes human colon cancer cell proliferation via IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and VEGF-induced tumor angiogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2434-2445. [PMID: 28618089 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) has been demonstrated to participate in various diseases. Our previous study showed that its receptor CRHR1 mediated the development of colitis-associated cancer in mouse model. However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the oncogenetic role of CRH/CRHR1 signaling in colon cancer cells. Cell proliferation and colony formation assays revealed that CRH contributed to cell proliferation. Moreover, tube formation assay showed that CRH-treated colon cancer cell supernatant significantly promoted tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). And these effects could be reversed by the CRHR1 specific antagonist Antalarmin. Further investigation showed that CRH significantly upregulated the expressions of interlukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) through activating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). The CRH-induced IL-6 promoted phosphorylation of janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3). STAT3 inhibition by Stattic significantly inhibited the CRH-induced cell proliferation. In addition, silence of VEGF resulted in declined tube formation induced by CRH. Taken together, CRH/CRHR1 signaling promoted human colon cancer cell proliferation via NF-κB/IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and tumor angiogenesis via NF-κB/VEGF signaling pathway. Our results provide evidence to support a critical role for the CRH/CRHR1 signaling in colon cancer progression and suggest its potential utility as a new therapeutic target for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yali Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Department of Surgery, The first affiliated hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Rodriguez JA, Huerta-Yepez S, Law IKM, Baay-Guzman GJ, Tirado-Rodriguez B, Hoffman JM, Iliopoulos D, Hommes DW, Verspaget HW, Chang L, Pothoulakis C, Baritaki S. Diminished expression of CRHR2 in human colon cancer promotes tumor growth and EMT via persistent IL-6/Stat3 signaling. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 1:610-630. [PMID: 26495412 PMCID: PMC4610032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic inflammation promotes development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We explored the distribution of Corticotropin-Releasing-Hormone (CRH)-family of receptors and ligands in CRC and their contribution in tumor growth and oncogenic EMT. METHODS mRNA expression of CRH-family members was analyzed in CRC (N=56) and control (N=46) samples, 7 CRC cell lines and normal NCM460 cells. Immunohistochemical detection of CRHR2 was performed in 20 CRC and 5 normal tissues. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were compared between Urocortin-2 (Ucn2)-stimulated parental and CRHR2-overexpressing (CRHR2+) cells in absence or presence of IL-6. CRHR2/Ucn2-targeted effects on tumor growth and EMT were validated in SW620-xenograft mouse models. RESULTS CRC tissues and cell lines showed decreased mRNA and protein CRHR2 expression compared to controls and NCM460, respectively. The opposite trend was shown for Ucn2. CRHR2/Ucn2 signaling inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation in CRC-CRHR2+ cells. In vivo, SW620-CRHR2+ xenografts showed decreased growth, reduced expression of EMT-inducers and elevated levels of EMT-suppressors. IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-6R mRNAs where diminished in CRC-CRHR2+ cells, while CRHR2/Ucn2 signaling inhibited IL-6-mediated Stat3 activation, invasion, migration and expression of downstream targets acting as cell cycle- and EMT-inducers. Expression of cell cycle- and EMT-suppressors was augmented in IL-6/Ucn2-stimulated CRHR2+ cells. In patients, CRHR2 mRNA expression was inversely correlated with IL-6R and vimentin levels and metastasis occurrence, while positively associated with E-cadherin expression and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS CRHR2 downregulation in CRC supports tumor expansion and spread through maintaining persistent inflammation and constitutive Stat3 activation. CRHR2low CRC phenotypes are associated with higher risk for distant metastases and poor clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Rodriguez
- IBD Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivy Ka Man Law
- IBD Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - Guillermina J. Baay-Guzman
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Belen Tirado-Rodriguez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jill M. Hoffman
- IBD Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel W. Hommes
- IBD Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hein W. Verspaget
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lin Chang
- Gail and Gerard Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- IBD Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - Stavroula Baritaki
- IBD Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California,Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico,Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Stavroula Baritaki, PhD, IBD Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 675 Charles E. Young Drive, South MRL Building 1240, Los Angeles, California 90095.IBD CenterDivision of Digestive DiseasesDavid Geffen School of MedicineUCLA, 675 Charles E. Young Drive, South MRL Building 1240Los AngelesCalifornia 90095
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Immunolocalization of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and its receptors (CRHR1 and CRHR2) in human endometrial carcinoma: CRHR1 as a potent prognostic factor. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2015; 24:1549-57. [PMID: 25254562 PMCID: PMC4215916 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objective Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a major regulator of the stress response, regulates various biological functions through its interaction with CRH receptors 1 (CRHR1) and 2 (CRHR2). CRH, CRHR1, and CRHR2 have recently been reported in several types of carcinoma, but the significance of these proteins has remained largely unknown in human endometrial carcinoma. Materials and Methods A total of 87 endometrial carcinoma specimens were obtained from Japanese female patients who underwent surgical treatment, fixed in 10% formalin, and embedded in paraffin wax. Immunohistochemistry for CRH, CRHR1, and CRHR2 was performed, and clinical data were obtained from the medical records. Results Immunopositivity of CRH, CRHR1, and CRHR2 in the specimens was 26%, 15%, and 10%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that immunohistochemical CRH status was positively associated with CRHR1 and CRHR2 status and that CRHR1 status was significantly associated with the risk of recurrence and poorer clinical outcome, whereas CRHR2 status was marginally associated with better prognosis for overall survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated CRHR1 status as an independent prognostic factor for both disease-free and overall survival. Conclusions These results suggest that intratumoral CRH-CRHR1 signaling plays an important role in the progression of endometrial carcinoma and that CRHR1 is a potent prognostic factor in patients with this disease.
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Tebbe C, Chhina J, Dar SA, Sarigiannis K, Giri S, Munkarah AR, Rattan R. Metformin limits the adipocyte tumor-promoting effect on ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4746-64. [PMID: 24970804 PMCID: PMC4148096 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Omental adipocytes promote ovarian cancer by secretion of adipokines, cytokines and growth factors, and acting as fuel depots. We investigated if metformin modulates the ovarian cancer promoting effects of adipocytes. Effect of conditioned media obtained from differentiated mouse 3T3L1 preadipoctes on the proliferation and migration of a mouse ovarian surface epithelium cancer cell line (ID8) was estimated. Conditioned media from differentiated adipocytes increased the proliferation and migration of ID8 cells, which was attenuated by metformin. Metformin inhibited adipogenesis by inhibition of key adipogenesis regulating transcription factors (CEBPα, CEBPß, and SREBP1), and induced AMPK. A targeted Cancer Pathway Finder RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) based gene array revealed 20 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated genes in ID8 cells exposed to adipocyte conditioned media, which were altered by metformin. Adipocyte conditioned media also induced bio-energetic changes in the ID8 cells by pushing them into a highly metabolically active state; these effects were reversed by metformin. Collectively, metformin treatment inhibited the adipocyte mediated ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, expression of cancer associated genes and bio-energetic changes. Suggesting, that metformin could be a therapeutic option for ovarian cancer at an early stage, as it not only targets ovarian cancer, but also modulates the environmental milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Tebbe
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Jasdeep Chhina
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Sajad A Dar
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Kalli Sarigiannis
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adnan R Munkarah
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ramandeep Rattan
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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FasL -844T/C and Fas -1377G/A: mutations of pulmonary adenocarcinoma in South China and their clinical significances. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4319-26. [PMID: 25596086 PMCID: PMC4529455 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an important mechanism of malignant tumor formation and progression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within cell death genes may influence cancer risk. We explored the relationship between FasL −844T/C and/or Fas −1377G/A SNPs and pulmonary adenocarcinoma (AD). Two hundred seventy-five patients with pulmonary AD of South China admitted into Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from July 2007 to October 2011 were randomly selected, and their clinicopathological data were collected at the same time. Two hundred ninety-seven cases of healthy individuals were selected as control. FasL −844T/C and Fas −1377G/A SNPs were detected by PCR-RFLP technique to evaluate the relationships between these two SNPs and pulmonary AD. Age, FasL −844 and Fas −1377 SNPs were associated with increased risk of pulmonary AD susceptibility in main effect analysis. FasL −844CC and Fas −1377 AA were associated with an increased risk for the development of pulmonary AD only in age <60 years people, but not in those ≥60 years. FasL −844CC genotype was associated with an increased risk for pulmonary AD (adjusted OR = 2.010, 95 % CI 1.196–3.379, P = 0.008) compared with TT genotype. However, Fas −1377 AA was a risk factor only when FasL −844 genotype was CC. Fas −1377 genotypes showed significant effect modification of pulmonary AD risk by FasL −844 genotype with test of the interaction term adjusting for age, gender, and FasL −844 SNP. Fas −1377G/A was not associated with the clinicopathological factors, while FasL −844C/T was associated with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis in age ≥60 years people and tumor stage in those <60 years. In conclusion, FasL −844 SNP is associated with the susceptibility of pulmonary AD in age <60 years people. Fas −1377 SNP may modify the association of FasL −844 SNP with the risk of pulmonary AD. FasL −844 genotype plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of pulmonary AD.
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Fischer-Fodor E, Vălean AM, Virag P, Ilea P, Tatomir C, Imre-Lucaci F, Schrepler MP, Krausz LT, Tudoran LB, Precup CG, Lupan I, Hey-Hawkins E, Silaghi-Dumitrescu L. Gallium phosphinoarylbisthiolato complexes counteract drug resistance of cancer cells. Metallomics 2014; 6:833-44. [PMID: 24413432 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00278k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In cancer therapy the platinum-based drugs are used frequently with a good clinical outcome, but besides unwanted side effects which occur, the tumour cells subjected to treatment are prone to develop tolerance or even multidrug resistance (MDR). Metal compounds with a central atom other than platinum are efficient in targeting the chemoresistant cells, therefore the biological outcome of two recently synthesized gallium phosphinoarylbisthiolato complexes was studied, having the formula [X][Ga{PPh(2-SC6H4)2-κ(3)S,S',P}{PPh(2-SC6H4)2-κ(2)S,S'}] where [X] is either the NEt3H (1) or PPh4 (2) cation. Compounds 1 and 2 display in vitro cytotoxicity against both platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant cell lines (A2780 and A2780cis). Morphological and ultrastructural evidence points toward their capacity to impair tumour cells survival. This behaviour is based on malignant cells capacity to selectively intake gallium, and to bind to the cellular DNA. They are able to cause massive DNA damage in treated cancer cells, focusing on 7-methylguanine and 8-oxoguanine sites and oxidizing the pyrimidine bases; this leads to early apoptosis of a significant percent of treated cells. The intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways are influenced through the modulation of gene expression following the treatment with complexes 1 and 2, which accompanies the negative regulation of P-glycoprotein 1 (Pgp-1), an important cellular ABC-type transporter from the multidrug resistance (MDR) family. The studied Ga(III) compounds demonstrated the capacity to counteract the chemoresistance mechanisms in the tumours defiant to standard drug action. Compound 2 shows a good anticancer potential and it could represent an alternative to platinum-based drugs especially in the situation of standard treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fischer-Fodor
- Research Department, Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta", 34-36 Republicii Street, Cluj Napoca, RO-400015, Romania.
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25
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Song H, Park H, Park G, Kim YS, Lee HK, Jin DH, Kang HS, Cho DH, Hur D. Corticotropin-releasing factor induces immune escape of cervical cancer cells by downregulation of NKG2D. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:425-30. [PMID: 24841552 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a coordinator of the body's responses to stress, is found in various cancer tissues and cell lines. However, the exact abilities of CRF to manipulate natural killer (NK) cells during immune response have not been studied. NKG2D is an activating receptor that is expressed on most NK and CD8+ T cells. MHC class I-related chain A (MICA) and UL16-binding protein (ULBP) 1, 2 and 3 are well-known ligands for NKG2D. In the present study, we reported our findings regarding the role of CRF in cervical cancer cell survival. Human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa cells, had significantly higher intracellular expression of UL16-binding protein 2 (ULBP2) following CRF treatment but had only slightly increased surface expression of ULBP2. Notably, MMPi (pan-metalloproteases inhibitor) blocked the release of ULBP2 molecules from the surface of HeLa cells. Furthermore, incubating NK cells with culture supernatants from CRF-treated HeLa cells, which contained soluble NKG2D ligand, reduced NK cell activity by decreasing surface expression of NKG2D. Collectively, downregulation of NKG2D by CRF-induced soluble NKG2D ligand provides a potential mechanism by which cervical cancer cells escape NKG2D-mediated attack under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkeun Song
- Department of Anatomy and Research Center for Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- Department of Anatomy and Research Center for Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabin Park
- Department of Anatomy and Research Center for Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Seok Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Research Center for Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Jin
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ho Cho
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeyoung Hur
- Department of Anatomy and Research Center for Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
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Bram Z, Xekouki P, Louiset E, Keil MF, Avgeropoulos D, Giatzakis C, Nesterova M, Sinaii N, Hofland LJ, Cherqaoui R, Lefebvre H, Stratakis CA. Does somatostatin have a role in the regulation of cortisol secretion in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (ppnad)? a clinical and in vitro investigation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E891-901. [PMID: 24512486 PMCID: PMC4010701 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Somatostatin (SST) receptors (SSTRs) are expressed in a number of tissues, including the adrenal cortex, but their role in cortisol secretion has not been well characterized. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to investigate the expression of SSTRs in the adrenal cortex and cultured adrenocortical cells from primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) tissues and to test the effect of a single injection of 100 μg of the SST analog octreotide on cortisol secretion in patients with PPNAD. SETTING AND DESIGN The study was conducted at an academic research laboratory and clinical research center. Expression of SSTRs was examined in 26 PPNAD tissues and the immortalized PPNAD cell line CAR47. Ten subjects with PPNAD underwent a randomized, single-blind, crossover study of their cortisol secretion every 30 minutes over 12 hours (6:00 pm to 6:00 am) before and after the midnight administration of octreotide 100 μg sc. METHODS SSTRs expression was investigated by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. The CAR47 and primary cell lines were studied in vitro. The data of the 10 patients were analyzed before and after the administration of octreotide. RESULTS All SSTRs, especially SSTR1-3, were expressed in PPNAD at significantly higher levels than in normal adrenal. SST was found to differentially regulate expression of its own receptors in the CAR47 cell line. However, the administration of octreotide to patients with PPNAD did not significantly affect cortisol secretion. CONCLUSIONS SSTRs are overexpressed in PPNAD tissues in comparison with normal adrenal cortex. Octreotide did not exert any significant effect on cortisol secretion in a short clinical pilot study in a small number of patients with PPNAD, but long-acting SST analogs targeting multiple SSTRs may be worth investigating in this condition.
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FasL gene -844T/C mutation of esophageal cancer in South China and its clinical significance. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3866. [PMID: 24473454 PMCID: PMC5379236 DOI: 10.1038/srep03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the association between the FasL -844T/C polymorphism and the risk of developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in South China. For the investigation, we randomly selected 248 patients suffering from ESCC from Southern China along with 297 healthy individuals as the control group. The relationship between the FasL gene -844T/C SNP and ESCC was studied using PCR-RFLP and immunohistochemistry. The Fas -1377G/A SNP was also selected for investigation to detect whether it interferes with the functional effect of the FasL -844C/T polymorphism in ESCC development. A significant difference in the FasL -844T/C genotypes between the patients and the control group was observed (P<0.05), with those expressing the C allele having a significantly reduced risk of developing ESCC, however younger patients (<60 years) exhibited a more
malignant pathological T grade if they were homozygous for the C allele. FasL -844 CC combined with the Fas -1377 G allele is a protective factor against ESCC. Having said this, even though the C allele has a protective effect prior to development of ESCC, once the host does develop the condition the tumour will develop faster and have a higher degree of malignancy than T carriers.
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Ducarouge B, Pelissier-Rota M, Lainé M, Cristina N, Vachez Y, Scoazec JY, Bonaz B, Jacquier-Sarlin M. CRF2 signaling is a novel regulator of cellular adhesion and migration in colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79335. [PMID: 24260200 PMCID: PMC3832608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress has been proposed to be a tumor promoting factor through the secretion of specific neuromediators, such as Urocortin2 and 3 (Ucn2/3), however its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. We observed that Ucn2/3 and their receptor the Corticotropin Releasing Factor receptor 2 (CRF2) were up-regulated in high grade and poorly differentiated CRC. This suggests a role for CRF2 in the loss of cellular organization and tumor progression. Using HT-29 and SW620 cells, two CRC cell lines differing in their abilities to perform cell-cell contacts, we found that CRF2 signals through Src/ERK pathway to induce the alteration of cell-cell junctions and the shuttle of p120ctn and Kaiso in the nucleus. In HT-29 cells, this signaling pathway also leads to the remodeling of cell adhesion by i) the phosphorylation of Focal Adhesion Kinase and ii) a modification of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion complexes. These events stimulate cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CRF2 signaling controls cellular organization and may promote metastatic potential of human CRC cells through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition like process. This contributes to the comprehension of the tumor-promoting effects of stress molecules and designates Ucn2/3-CRF2 tandem as a target to prevent CRC progression and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ducarouge
- Equipe du Stress et des Interactions Neurodigestives, INSERM U836, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Marjolaine Pelissier-Rota
- Equipe du Stress et des Interactions Neurodigestives, INSERM U836, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Michèle Lainé
- Equipe du Stress et des Interactions Neurodigestives, INSERM U836, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Nadine Cristina
- Equipe du Stress et des Interactions Neurodigestives, INSERM U836, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Yvan Vachez
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Bruno Bonaz
- Equipe du Stress et des Interactions Neurodigestives, INSERM U836, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Muriel Jacquier-Sarlin
- Equipe du Stress et des Interactions Neurodigestives, INSERM U836, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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Lal S, Allan A, Markovic D, Walker R, Macartney J, Europe-Finner N, Tyson-Capper A, Grammatopoulos DK. Estrogen Alters the Splicing of Type 1 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor in Breast Cancer Cells. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra53. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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30
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Yang S, Liu W, Wen J, Zhu M, Xu S. Corticotropin releasing hormone is correlated with tumorigenesis of gastric cancer. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:167-71. [PMID: 23477585 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.771269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The etiology of gastric cancer is unclear; its therapeutic effect is poor; the anatomical factor and lack of specific diagnostic markers are part of the reason. Recent reports indicate corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is associated with the pathogenesis of cancer. This study is designed to assess the levels of CRH in gastric tissue of a group of patients with gastric cancer and gastric chronic inflammation. METHODS Fifty-two patients with gastric cancer (GC) and 213 patients with gastric chronic inflammation were recruited into this study. The levels of CRH in the gastric biopsies were assessed. The correlation between the levels of CRH in the gastric biopsies and the tumorigenesis was assessed. RESULTS High levels of (458.6 pg/mg protein) CRH were detected in the biopsies of 52 patients with gastric cancer, which were also detected in the gastric biopsies of 213 patients with chronic gastritis (less than 100 pg/mg protein). CRH was below the detectable levels in the normal gastric mucosa. Of the 213 patients with chronic gastritis, 50 patients developed into cancer 3-5 years after the first diagnosis of chronic gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS CRH may be involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nan Lou Division, The PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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31
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Chen Y, Allars M, Pan X, Maiti K, Angeli G, Smith R, Nicholson RC. Effects of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) on cell viability and differentiation in the human BeWo choriocarcinoma cell line: a potential syncytialisation inducer distinct from cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:30. [PMID: 23587111 PMCID: PMC3639788 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental production of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) rises exponentially as pregnancy progresses, and has been linked with the onset of normal and preterm labour. CRH is produced in syncytiotrophoblast cells and production is increased by glucocorticoids and cAMP. It remains unclear whether cAMP acts by inducing differentiation of cytotrophoblasts and/or through induction of syncytialisation. As CRH can stimulate cAMP pathways we have tested whether a feed-forward system may exist in placental cells during syncytialisation. METHODS The choriocarcinoma BeWo cell line was treated with cAMP, CRH or vehicle. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, while apoptosis was analysed by DAPI staining and by FACS. Differentiation was measured by assaying message for hCG and ERVW-1 (syncytin1) by qRT-PCR, as well as the respective protein by ELISA. Fusion of BeWo cells was assessed by co-staining cell membrane and nuclei with CellMask and Hoechst 33342. CRHR1 and CRHR2 mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR. RESULTS We show that cAMP has an inductive effect on syncytialisation, as evidenced by induction of hCG secretion, by ERVW-1 mRNA expression and by formation of multinuclear cells. CRH mRNA expression was found to increase prior to the changes in the other syncytialisation markers. cAMP had an inhibitory effect on BeWo cell viability, but exogenous CRH did not. However, CRH did mimic the differentiation inducing effect of cAMP, suggesting a link between CRH and cAMP signalling in syncytialisation. We also found that treatment of BeWo cells with exogenous CRH resulted in elevated cellular CRHR1 levels. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a positive feed-forward role exists for CRH in trophoblast cell differentiation, which may underlie the exponential rise in CRH observed as gestation advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuXia Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Mothers & Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Megan Allars
- Mothers & Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Xin Pan
- Mothers & Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Kaushik Maiti
- Mothers & Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Giavanna Angeli
- Mothers & Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Roger Smith
- Mothers & Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Richard C Nicholson
- Mothers & Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Taliouri E, Vrekoussis T, Vergetaki A, Agorastos T, Makrigiannakis A. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is expressed in the human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) and upregulates the expression of Fas ligand. Tumour Biol 2012; 34:125-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Jin L, Zhang Q, Guo R, Wang L, Wang J, Wan R, Zhang R, Xu Y, Li S. Different effects of corticotropin-releasing factor and urocortin 2 on apoptosis of prostate cancer cells in vitro. J Mol Endocrinol 2011; 47:219-27. [PMID: 21765100 DOI: 10.1530/jme-11-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin (Ucn), a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related neuropeptide binding both CRF type 1 receptor (CRFR1) and CRFR2, has recently been found in prostate cancer. However, no report has yet been known to elucidate the roles of Ucn in prostate cancer via the two receptors. In this study, the expression of both CRFR1 and CRFR2 in the mouse prostate cancer cell line RM-1 were detected and cellular apoptosis was monitored in the presence of CRF or Ucn2, the CRFR1- and CRFR2-selective agonist respectively. CRF promoted apoptosis while Ucn2 exerted the opposite effect. CRF reduced Bcl-2 expression, induced Bax expression, and hyperpolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential to activate caspase-9. On the contrary, Ucn2 increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased Bax expression, in which phosphorylation of Akt and cyclic AMP response element-binding (CREB) was involved. Pretreatment with phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt inhibitor (LY-294002) prior to Ucn2 led to downregulation of CREB phosphorylation and hence reduced Bcl-2 expression. These effects of CRF and Ucn2 were abolished by antalarmin (Anta) and antisauvagine-30, the CRFR1- and CRFR2-selective antagonist respectively. In LNCaP cell line, similar effects on cell apoptosis by CRF and Ucn2 were observed. In summary, our results demonstrated CRFR1 and CRFR2 expression in prostate cancer and indicated the opposite apoptotic roles of the two different CRFRs. These data may contribute to uncovering the pathophysiological function of endogenous Ucn in prostate tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Jin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Diseases and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
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Sung WW, Wang YC, Cheng YW, Lee MC, Yeh KT, Wang L, Wang J, Chen CY, Lee H. A Polymorphic −844T/C in FasL Promoter Predicts Survival and Relapse in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:5991-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Linley AJ, Ahmad M, Rees RC. Tumour-associated antigens: considerations for their use in tumour immunotherapy. Int J Hematol 2011; 93:263-273. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Kaprara A, Pazaitou-Panayiotou K, Chemonidou MC, Constantinidis TC, Lambropoulou M, Koffa M, Kiziridou A, Kakolyris S, Kortsaris A, Chatzaki E. Distinct distribution of corticotropin releasing factor receptors in human breast cancer. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:355-61. [PMID: 20630588 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic neuropeptide corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) has been found in several types of human cancer, where its biological role is not clarified. In experimental models of breast cancer CRF has been shown to exert anti-proliferative and other actions. Aim of the present study was to describe the expression of the two types of CRF receptors CRF(1) and CRF(2) in human breast tumors. Receptor expression was studied in breast biopsies from patients diagnosed for primary breast adenocarcinoma, obtained from the tumor and the adjacent benign tissue. Gene expression levels were evaluated by real-time PCR following reverse transcription of total RNA extracts. CRF(1) transcripts were found in 23.1% of benign and in 23.1% of malignant biopsies. CRF(2(a)) was found in 22.2% of benign and 36.0% of malignant biopsies. Transcript levels of both receptors did not differ significantly between cancer and benign biopsies from the same tumor. No correlation was found between CRF receptor expression and patient histo/clinicopathological characteristics. Histological mapping using immunohistochemistry revealed positive CRF(1) immunostaining in the cancerous implants and breast ducts, whereas CRF(2) immunoreactivity was localized mainly in the perineural invasions. In conclusion, both CRF receptors were found in breast cancer and the respective benign adjacent tissue. The two CRF receptor proteins presented distinct distribution and subcellular localization, pointing into differing biological roles. CRF receptors could serve as targets of endogenous ligands expressed in the tumor microenvironment, regulating cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaprara
- Anticancer Hospital 'Theagenio', Simeonidi 2, 54639 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Arranz A, Venihaki M, Mol B, Androulidaki A, Dermitzaki E, Rassouli O, Ripoll J, Stathopoulos EN, Gomariz RP, Margioris AN, Tsatsanis C. The impact of stress on tumor growth: peripheral CRF mediates tumor-promoting effects of stress. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:261. [PMID: 20875132 PMCID: PMC2956730 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stress has been shown to be a tumor promoting factor. Both clinical and laboratory studies have shown that chronic stress is associated with tumor growth in several types of cancer. Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) is the major hypothalamic mediator of stress, but is also expressed in peripheral tissues. Earlier studies have shown that peripheral CRF affects breast cancer cell proliferation and motility. The aim of the present study was to assess the significance of peripheral CRF on tumor growth as a mediator of the response to stress in vivo. Methods For this purpose we used the 4T1 breast cancer cell line in cell culture and in vivo. Cells were treated with CRF in culture and gene specific arrays were performed to identify genes directly affected by CRF and involved in breast cancer cell growth. To assess the impact of peripheral CRF as a stress mediator in tumor growth, Balb/c mice were orthotopically injected with 4T1 cells in the mammary fat pad to induce breast tumors. Mice were subjected to repetitive immobilization stress as a model of chronic stress. To inhibit the action of CRF, the CRF antagonist antalarmin was injected intraperitoneally. Breast tissue samples were histologically analyzed and assessed for neoangiogenesis. Results Array analysis revealed among other genes that CRF induced the expression of SMAD2 and β-catenin, genes involved in breast cancer cell proliferation and cytoskeletal changes associated with metastasis. Cell transfection and luciferase assays confirmed the role of CRF in WNT- β-catenin signaling. CRF induced 4T1 cell proliferation and augmented the TGF-β action on proliferation confirming its impact on TGFβ/SMAD2 signaling. In addition, CRF promoted actin reorganization and cell migration, suggesting a direct tumor-promoting action. Chronic stress augmented tumor growth in 4T1 breast tumor bearing mice and peripheral administration of the CRF antagonist antalarmin suppressed this effect. Moreover, antalarmin suppressed neoangiogenesis in 4T1 tumors in vivo. Conclusion This is the first report demonstrating that peripheral CRF, at least in part, mediates the tumor-promoting effects of stress and implicates CRF in SMAD2 and β-catenin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Arranz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School Of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Kaprara A, Pazaitou-Panayiotou K, Kortsaris A, Chatzaki E. The corticotropin releasing factor system in cancer: expression and pathophysiological implications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1293-306. [PMID: 20143250 PMCID: PMC11115652 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant tumors express multiple factors that have some role in the regulating networks supporting their ectopic growth. Recently, increased interest has been developing in the expression and biological role of the neuropeptides and receptors of the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) system, the principal neuroendocrine mediator of the stress response, especially in the light of several R&D programs for small molecule antagonists that could present some anticancer therapeutic benefit. In the present article, we review the literature suggesting that the CRF system could be involved in the regulation of human cancer development. Potential implication in growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, or immune parameters via activation of locally expressed receptors could be clinically exploited by presenting targets of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandros Kortsaris
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Thrace Greece
| | - Ekaterini Chatzaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Jansen T, Tyler B, Mankowski JL, Recinos VR, Pradilla G, Legnani F, Laterra J, Olivi A. FasL gene knock-down therapy enhances the antiglioma immune response. Neuro Oncol 2010; 12:482-9. [PMID: 20406899 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nop052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is a lethal form of brain cancer that is very difficult to treat. The aggressive behavior of these neoplasms and their limited responsiveness to therapy has been attributed in part to the ability of these tumors to evade the immune system. Gliomas, like many other solid tumors, express components of numerous immune escape mechanisms, including immunosuppressive proteins such as TGF-beta, IL-10, and FasL. Here, we show that FasL expression can support the growth of experimental intracranial glioma. We show that FasL is readily detected in human glioblastoma multiforme clinical specimens. FasL was found to be expressed by three well-characterized rat glioma cell lines (9L, F98, and C6) and glioma cell-derived FasL mediated the death of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated Jurkat T-lymphocytes when cocultured with glioma cells in vitro. We asked if inhibiting 9L-derived FasL altered the growth of experimental glioma. FasL expression knockdown using shRNA reduced the growth of subcutaneous and intracranial 9L gliomas by approximately 50% in immune competent Fisher 344 rats. In contrast, FasL expression knockdown had no affect on the growth of intracranial 9L glioma in T-cell deficient athymic rats. Intracranial tumors derived from FasL knockdown 9L glioma cells contained up to 3-fold more tumor infiltrating T-cells than tumors derived from control 9L cells. These results demonstrate that down-regulating FasL expression and/or function in glial malignancies can enhance T-cell tumor infiltration and inhibit tumor growth. The findings suggest that targeting endogenous FasL in glial malignancies could enhance the efficacy of emerging immune-based treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Jansen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale C Besta, Milan, Italy
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Miceli F, Ranelletti FO, Martinelli E, Petrillo M, Scambia G, Navarra P, Ferrandina G. Expression and subcellular localization of CRH and its receptors in human endometrial cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 305:6-11. [PMID: 19433256 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CRH and its receptors are expressed in human normal endometrial cells, where they are associated to anti-proliferative progesterone-like activity. We aimed to investigate CRH, CRH-R1 and CRH-R2 expression and intracellular localization in human endometrial cancers and their relationships with tumor biological parameters. Surgical specimens were obtained from 51 untreated endometrial cancer patients and immunohistochemistry for CRH, CRH receptors, ER, PR and Ki-67 was performed. We found a diffuse cytoplasmic staining in 100%, 92 % and 60.7 % of tumor specimens for CRH, CRH-R1 and CRH-R2, respectively. At variance with tumor tissues, the surrounding normal endometrial glands exhibit a typical paranuclear/apical pattern for CRH and stained for CRH-R2 at the nuclear level, whereas CRH-R1 staining was similar to that observed in tumor area. Positive correlations were found between CRH-R1 and PR expression, as well as between CRH-R2 cytoplasmic pattern and more advanced FIGO stage disease, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Miceli
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Androulidaki A, Dermitzaki E, Venihaki M, Karagianni E, Rassouli O, Andreakou E, Stournaras C, Margioris AN, Tsatsanis C. Corticotropin Releasing Factor promotes breast cancer cell motility and invasiveness. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:30. [PMID: 19490624 PMCID: PMC2697132 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer cells secrete bioactive peptides that act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion affecting tumor growth and metastasis. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a hypothalamic neuropeptide that controls the response to stress, has been detected in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. CRF can affect breast cancer cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner via its production from innervating sympathetic neurons or immune cells. METHODS In the present study we report our findings regarding the impact of CRF on breast cancer cell motility and invasiveness. For this purpose we used the MCF7 breast cancer cell line and evaluated the effect of CRF on motility and invasiveness using the wound-healing and boyden-chamber assays. In addition, we measured the effect of CRF on molecules that mediate motility by western blot, immunofluorescence, ELISA and RT-PCR. RESULTS Our findings show that: 1. CRF transiently inhibited the apoptosis of MCF7 cells. 2. CRF enhanced MCF7 cell motility in a wound healing assay and their invasiveness through extracellular matrix. 3. CRF increased actin polymerization, phosphorylation of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), providing a potential mechanism for the observed induction of MCF7 motility. 4. CRF induced the expression of Cox-1 but not Cox-2 in MCF7 cells as well as the production of prostaglandins, factors known to promote invasiveness and metastasis. CONCLUSION Overall, our data suggest that CRF stimulates cell motility and invasiveness of MCF7 cells most probably via induction of FAK phosphorylation and actin filament reorganization and production of prostaglandins via Cox1. Based on these findings we postulate that the stress neuropeptide CRF present in the vicinity of tumors (either produced locally by the tumor cells themselves or by nearby normal cells or secreted from the innervations of surrounding tissues) may play an important role on breast tumor growth and metastatic capacity, providing a potential link between stress and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Androulidaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece.
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains a challenging disease for which improved treatments are urgently needed. Most patients present with advanced disease that is highly responsive to surgery combined with platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy, with a state of minimal residual disease being achieved in many cases. However, chemotherapy-resistant recurrent tumors typically appear within 1-5 years and are ultimately fatal. Recently, several groups have shown that ovarian tumors are often infiltrated by activated T cells at the time of diagnosis, and patients with dense infiltrates of CD3+CD8+ T cells experience unexpectedly favorable progression-free and overall survival. Other cell types in the immune infiltrate oppose anti-tumor immunity, including CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, CD8+ regulatory T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The composition of immune infiltrates is shaped by the expression of cytokines, chemokines, antigens, major histocompatibility complex molecules, and costimulatory molecules. The relationship between these various immunological factors is reviewed here with a strong emphasis on outcomes data so as to create a knowledge base that is well grounded in clinical reality. With improved understanding of the functional properties of natural CD8+ T-cell responses to ovarian cancer, there is great potential to improve clinical outcomes by amplifying host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad H Nelson
- Trev & Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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Forrester JV, Xu H, Lambe T, Cornall R. Immune privilege or privileged immunity? Mucosal Immunol 2008; 1:372-81. [PMID: 19079201 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2008.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune privilege is a concept that has come of age. Where previously it was considered to be a passive phenomenon restricted to certain specialized tissues, it is now viewed as comprising several mechanisms, both active and passive, shared in many aspects with emerging notions of the mechanisms of peripheral tolerance. The relative degrees of immune privilege vary from tissue to tissue depending on the number and strength of each of the mechanisms contained in that tissue. Immune privilege can be generated in non-privileged sites such as the skin and allografts, and is a property of the tissue itself. We therefore propose that, in addition to canonical central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms, there is a third route whereby the organism promotes self-antigen non-reactivity centered on the specific properties of each tissue and varying accordingly (relative degrees of immune privilege). This third mechanism of inducing immunological tolerance, as it is a local tissue phenomenon, might have particular therapeutic significance, for instance in devising strategies for induction of immunity to tumors by disrupting immune privilege or in preventing graft rejection by promoting immune privilege.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Forrester
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.
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