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Wen-Jing Z, Rui-Zhi T, Si-Yuan H, Xiao-Mei D, Qiong-Dan H, Xiao-Qian Z, Wen-Hua H, Hong-Wei S, Jian L, Qiong Z, Li W. Data independent acquisition reveals in-depth serum proteome changes in uremic pruritus. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1287072. [PMID: 38577622 PMCID: PMC10991838 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1287072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Uremic pruritus (UP) is a prevalent symptom in patients suffering from uremia, yet its underlying etiology and mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Given the significant incidence of UP, identifying specific alterations in proteins present in the blood of UP patients could offer insights into the potential biological pathways associated with UP and facilitate the exploration of biomarkers. Methods: In this study, we employed LC-MS/MS-based data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode to analyze serum samples obtained from 54 UP patients categorized as DKD-UP, HN-UP, and GN-UP (n = 18 for each subgroup), along with 18 uremic patients without pruritus (Negative) and 18 CKD patients without pruritus (CKD). Through DIA mode analysis, a total of 7075 peptides and 959 proteins were quantified. Within these, we identified four upregulated and 13 downregulated Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) in DKD-UP versus Negative, five upregulated and 22 downregulated DEPs in HN-UP versus Negative, and three upregulated and 23 downregulated DEPs in GN-UP versus Negative. Furthermore, we conducted an intersection analysis of the DEPs across these three comparison groups to derive a set of common DEPs (COMP). Subsequently, a total of 67 common DEPs were identified in the three UP groups when compared to the CKD group, with 40 DEPs showing upregulation and 27 DEPs displaying downregulation. Results: Following Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analyses, we observed that the DEPs distinguishing UP from CKD were primarily associated with mitochondrial function (MT-CYB, PRDX2, TOMM22), inflammation (CD59, CSF1), renal injury (WFDC2), and neural function (CAP1, VGF). Discussion: Our findings contribute to a potential molecular comprehension of UP pathogenesis, shedding light on the identification of these DEPs as plausible biomarkers for UP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wen-Jing
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tan Rui-Zhi
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - He Si-Yuan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Du Xiao-Mei
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hu Qiong-Dan
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhang Xiao-Qian
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huang Wen-Hua
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su Hong-Wei
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liu Jian
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhang Qiong
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wang Li
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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2
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Grieco JP, Compton SLE, Davis GN, Guinan J, Schmelz EM. Genetic and Functional Modifications Associated with Ovarian Cancer Cell Aggregation and Limited Culture Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14867. [PMID: 37834315 PMCID: PMC10573375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of cancer cells provides a survival signal for disseminating cancer cells; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Using qPCR gene arrays, this study investigated the changes in cancer-specific genes as well as genes regulating mitochondrial quality control, metabolism, and oxidative stress in response to aggregation and hypoxia in our progressive ovarian cancer models representing slow- and fast-developing ovarian cancer. Aggregation increased the expression of anti-apoptotic, stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenic, mitophagic, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes and functions, and decreased proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and mitochondrial content genes and functions. The incorporation of stromal vascular cells (SVF) from obese mice into the spheroids increased DNA repair and telomere regulatory genes that may represent a link between obesity and ovarian cancer risk. While glucose had no effect, glutamine was essential for aggregation and supported proliferation of the spheroid. In contrast, low glucose and hypoxic culture conditions delayed adhesion and outgrowth capacity of the spheroids independent of their phenotype, decreased mitochondrial mass and polarity, and induced a shift of mitochondrial dynamics towards mitophagy. However, these conditions did not reduce the appearance of polarized mitochondria at adhesion sites, suggesting that adhesion signals that either reversed mitochondrial fragmentation or induced mitobiogenesis can override the impact of low glucose and oxygen levels. Thus, the plasticity of the spheroids' phenotype supports viability during dissemination, allows for the adaptation to changing conditions such as oxygen and nutrient availability. This may be critical for the development of an aggressive cancer phenotype and, therefore, could represent druggable targets for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Grieco
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Stephanie L. E. Compton
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (S.L.E.C.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Grace N. Davis
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (S.L.E.C.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Jack Guinan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (S.L.E.C.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Eva M. Schmelz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (S.L.E.C.); (G.D.N.)
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Simonyan L, Gonin M, Hanks J, Friedlein J, Dutrec K, Arokium H, Rouchidane Eyitayo A, Doudy TM, Chaignepain S, Manon S, Dejean L. Non-phosphorylatable mutants of Ser184 lead to incomplete activation of Bax. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1068994. [PMID: 36741728 PMCID: PMC9892840 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1068994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The S184 residue of Bax is the target of several protein kinases regulating cell fate, including AKT. It is well-established that, in cellulo, the substitution of S184 by a non-phosphorylatable residue stimulates both the mitochondrial localization of Bax, cytochrome c release, and apoptosis. However, in in vitro experiments, substituted mutants did not exhibit any increase in their binding capacity to isolated mitochondria or liposomes. Despite exhibiting a significant increase of the 6A7 epitope exposure, substituted mutants remain limited in their ability to form large oligomers, suggesting that they high capacity to promote apoptosis in cells was more related to a high content than to an increased ability to form large pores in the outer mitochondrial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Simonyan
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Gonin
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
| | - James Hanks
- California State University of Fresno, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fresno, CA, United States
| | - Jordan Friedlein
- California State University of Fresno, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fresno, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Dutrec
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Hubert Arokium
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Akandé Rouchidane Eyitayo
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Toukounou Megann Doudy
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux (CGFB), Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Chaignepain
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux (CGFB), Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphen Manon
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France,*Correspondence: Stéphen Manon, ; Laurent Dejean,
| | - Laurent Dejean
- California State University of Fresno, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fresno, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Stéphen Manon, ; Laurent Dejean,
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Rouchidane Eyitayo A, Giraud MF, Daury L, Lambert O, Gonzalez C, Manon S. Cell-free synthesis and reconstitution of Bax in nanodiscs: Comparison between wild-type Bax and a constitutively active mutant. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184075. [PMID: 36273540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bax is a major player in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, by making the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane (OMM) permeable to various apoptogenic factors, including cytochrome c. In order to get further insight into the structure and function of Bax when it is inserted in the OMM, we attempted to reconstitute Bax in nanodiscs. Cell-free protein synthesis in the presence of nanodiscs did not yield Bax-containing nanodiscs, but it provided a simple way to purify full-length Bax without any tag. Purified wild-type Bax (BaxWT) and a constitutively active mutant (BaxP168A) displayed biochemical properties that were in line with previous characterizations following their expression in yeast and human cells followed by their reconstitution into liposomes. Both Bax variants were then reconstituted in nanodiscs. Size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy showed that nanodiscs formed with BaxP168A were larger than nanodiscs formed with BaxWT. This was consistent with the hypothesis that BaxP168A was reconstituted in nanodiscs as an active oligomer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-France Giraud
- IBGC, UMR5095, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, France; CBMN, UMR5248, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Stéphen Manon
- IBGC, UMR5095, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, France.
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Viral Encoded miRNAs in Tumorigenesis: Theranostic Opportunities in Precision Oncology. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071448. [PMID: 35889167 PMCID: PMC9321719 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
About 15% of all human cancers have a viral etiology. Although progress has been made, understanding the viral oncogenesis and associated molecular mechanisms remain complex. The discovery of cellular miRNAs has led to major breakthroughs. Interestingly, viruses have also been discovered to encode their own miRNAs. These viral, small, non-coding miRNAs are also known as viral-miRNAs (v-miRNAs). Although the function of v-miRNAs largely remains to be elucidated, their role in tumorigenesis cannot be ignored. V-miRNAs have also been shown to exploit the cellular machinery to benefit viral replication and survival. Although the discovery of Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and its viral miRNAs, is a work in progress, the existence of HPV-, EBV-, HBV-, MCPyV- and KSHV-encoded miRNA has been documented. V-miRNAs have been shown to target host factors to advance tumorigenesis, evade and suppress the immune system, and deregulate both the cell cycle and the apoptotic machinery. Although the exact mechanisms of v-miRNAs-induced tumorigenesis are still unclear, v-miRNAs are active role-players in tumorigenesis, viral latency and cell transformation. Furthermore, v-miRNAs can function as posttranscriptional gene regulators of both viral and host genes. Thus, it has been proposed that v-miRNAs may serve as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancers with a viral etiology. Although significant challenges exist in their clinical application, emerging reports demonstrate their potent role in precision medicine. This review will focus on the roles of HPV-, HCV-, EBV-, HBV-, MCPyV-, and KSHV-produced v-miRNAs in tumorigenesis, as effectors in immune evasion, as diagnostic biomarkers and as novel anti-cancer therapeutic targets. Finally, it will discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with v-miRNAs theranostics in precision oncology.
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6
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Wyżewski Z, Mielcarska MB, Gregorczyk-Zboroch KP, Myszka A. Virus-Mediated Inhibition of Apoptosis in the Context of EBV-Associated Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137265. [PMID: 35806271 PMCID: PMC9266970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the representative of the Herpesviridae family, is a pathogen extensively distributed in the human population. One of its most characteristic features is the capability to establish latent infection in the host. The infected cells serve as a sanctuary for the dormant virus, and therefore their desensitization to apoptotic stimuli is part of the viral strategy for long-term survival. For this reason, EBV encodes a set of anti-apoptotic products. They may increase the viability of infected cells and enhance their resistance to chemotherapy, thereby contributing to the development of EBV-associated diseases, including Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), gastric cancer (GC), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and several other malignancies. In this paper, we have described the molecular mechanism of anti-apoptotic actions of a set of EBV proteins. Moreover, we have reviewed the pro-survival role of non-coding viral transcripts: EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), in EBV-carrying malignant cells. The influence of EBV on the expression, activity and/or intracellular distribution of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein family members, has been presented. Finally, we have also discussed therapeutic perspectives of targeting viral anti-apoptotic products or their molecular partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Wyżewski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-728-208-338
| | - Matylda Barbara Mielcarska
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.M.); (K.P.G.-Z.)
| | | | - Anna Myszka
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland;
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7
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Keeping Cell Death Alive: An Introduction into the French Cell Death Research Network. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070901. [PMID: 35883457 PMCID: PMC9313292 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the Nobel Prize award more than twenty years ago for discovering the core apoptotic pathway in C. elegans, apoptosis and various other forms of regulated cell death have been thoroughly characterized by researchers around the world. Although many aspects of regulated cell death still remain to be elucidated in specific cell subtypes and disease conditions, many predicted that research into cell death was inexorably reaching a plateau. However, this was not the case since the last decade saw a multitude of cell death modalities being described, while harnessing their therapeutic potential reached clinical use in certain cases. In line with keeping research into cell death alive, francophone researchers from several institutions in France and Belgium established the French Cell Death Research Network (FCDRN). The research conducted by FCDRN is at the leading edge of emerging topics such as non-apoptotic functions of apoptotic effectors, paracrine effects of cell death, novel canonical and non-canonical mechanisms to induce apoptosis in cell death-resistant cancer cells or regulated forms of necrosis and the associated immunogenic response. Collectively, these various lines of research all emerged from the study of apoptosis and in the next few years will increase the mechanistic knowledge into regulated cell death and how to harness it for therapy.
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8
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Zhu L, Wang J, Tang X, Zhang C, Wang P, Wu L, Gao W, Ding W, Zhang G, Tao X. Efficient Magnetic Nanocatalyst-Induced Chemo- and Ferroptosis Synergistic Cancer Therapy in Combination with T 1-T 2 Dual-Mode Magnetic Resonance Imaging Through Doxorubicin Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3621-3632. [PMID: 35005898 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive iron ions in cancer cells can catalyze H2O2 into highly toxic •OH and then promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing cancer ferroptosis. However, the efficacy of the ferroptosis catalyst is still insufficient because of low Fe(II) release, which severely limited its application in clinic. Herein, we developed a novel magnetic nanocatalyst for MRI-guided chemo- and ferroptosis synergistic cancer therapies through iRGD-PEG-ss-PEG-modified gadolinium engineering magnetic iron oxide-loaded Dox (ipGdIO-Dox). The introduction of the gadolinium compound disturbed the structure of ipGdIO-Dox, making the magnetic nanocatalyst be more sensitive to weak acid. When ipGdIO-Dox entered into cancer cells, abundant Fe(II) ions were released and then catalyzed H2O2 into highly toxic OH•, which would elevate cellular oxidative stress to damage mitochondria and cell membranes and induce cancer ferroptosis. In addition, the iRGD-PEG-ss-PEG chain coated onto the nanoplatform was also broken by high expression of GSH, and then, the Dox was released. This process not only effectively inhibited DNA replication but also further activated cellular ROS, making the nanoplatform achieve stronger anticancer ability. Besides, the systemic delivery of ipGdIO-Dox significantly enhanced the T1- and T2-weighted MRI signal of the tumor, endowing accurate diagnostic capability for tumor recognition. Therefore, ipGdIO-Dox might be a promising candidate for developing an MRI-guided chemo- and ferroptosis synergistic theranostic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaojie Tang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, P. R. China
| | - Lizhong Wu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Weiqing Gao
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Weilong Ding
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Tao
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
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Bcl-2 Family Members and the Mitochondrial Import Machineries: The Roads to Death. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020162. [PMID: 35204663 PMCID: PMC8961529 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The localization of Bcl-2 family members at the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) is a crucial step in the implementation of apoptosis. We review evidence showing the role of the components of the mitochondrial import machineries (translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) and the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM)) in the mitochondrial localization of Bcl-2 family members and how these machineries regulate the function of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in resting cells and in cells committed into apoptosis.
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10
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Doan KN, Grevel A, Mårtensson CU, Ellenrieder L, Thornton N, Wenz LS, Opaliński Ł, Guiard B, Pfanner N, Becker T. The Mitochondrial Import Complex MIM Functions as Main Translocase for α-Helical Outer Membrane Proteins. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107567. [PMID: 32348752 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial outer membrane contains integral proteins with α-helical membrane anchors or a transmembrane β-barrel. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) cooperates with the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) in the import of β-barrel proteins, whereas the mitochondrial import (MIM) complex inserts precursors of multi-spanning α-helical proteins. Single-spanning proteins constitute more than half of the integral outer membrane proteins; however, their biogenesis is poorly understood. We report that the yeast MIM complex promotes the insertion of proteins with N-terminal (signal-anchored) or C-terminal (tail-anchored) membrane anchors. The MIM complex exists in three dynamic populations. MIM interacts with TOM to accept precursor proteins from the receptor Tom70. Free MIM complexes insert single-spanning proteins that are imported in a Tom70-independent manner. Finally, coupling of MIM and SAM promotes early assembly steps of TOM subunits. We conclude that the MIM complex is a major and versatile protein translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Nguyen Doan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Grevel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph U Mårtensson
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lars Ellenrieder
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Thornton
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena-Sophie Wenz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernard Guiard
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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11
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Pitt AS, Buchanan SK. A Biochemical and Structural Understanding of TOM Complex Interactions and Implications for Human Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051164. [PMID: 34064787 PMCID: PMC8150904 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The central role mitochondria play in cellular homeostasis has made its study critical to our understanding of various aspects of human health and disease. Mitochondria rely on the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex for the bulk of mitochondrial protein import. In addition to its role as the major entry point for mitochondrial proteins, the TOM complex serves as an entry pathway for viral proteins. TOM complex subunits also participate in a host of interactions that have been studied extensively for their function in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, innate immunity, cancer, metabolism, mitophagy and autophagy. Recent advances in our structural understanding of the TOM complex and the protein import machinery of the outer mitochondrial membrane have made structure-based therapeutics targeting outer mitochondrial membrane proteins during mitochondrial dysfunction an exciting prospect. Here, we describe advances in understanding the TOM complex, the interactome of the TOM complex subunits, the implications for the development of therapeutics, and our understanding of the structure/function relationship between components of the TOM complex and mitochondrial homeostasis.
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12
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Contribution of Yeast Studies to the Understanding of BCL-2 Family Intracellular Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084086. [PMID: 33920941 PMCID: PMC8071328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL-2 family members are major regulators of apoptotic cell death in mammals. They form an intricate regulatory network that ultimately regulates the release of apoptogenic factors from mitochondria to the cytosol. The ectopic expression of mammalian BCL-2 family members in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which lacks BCL-2 homologs, has been long established as a useful addition to the available models to study their function and regulation. In yeast, individual proteins can be studied independently from the whole interaction network, thus providing insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying their function in a living context. Furthermore, one can take advantage of the powerful tools available in yeast to probe intracellular trafficking processes such as mitochondrial sorting and interactions/exchanges between mitochondria and other compartments, such as the endoplasmic reticulum that are largely conserved between yeast and mammals. Yeast molecular genetics thus allows the investigation of the role of these processes on the dynamic equilibrium of BCL-2 family members between mitochondria and extramitochondrial compartments. Here we propose a model of dynamic regulation of BCL-2 family member localization, based on available evidence from ectopic expression in yeast.
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13
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Lalier L, Mignard V, Joalland MP, Lanoé D, Cartron PF, Manon S, Vallette FM. TOM20-mediated transfer of Bcl2 from ER to MAM and mitochondria upon induction of apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:182. [PMID: 33589622 PMCID: PMC7884705 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have explored the subcellular localization of Bcl2, a major antiapoptotic protein. In U251 glioma cells, we found that Bcl2 is localized mainly in the ER and is translocated to MAM and mitochondria upon induction of apoptosis; this mitochondrial transfer was not restricted to the demonstrator cell line, even if cell-specific modulations exist. We found that the Bcl2/mitochondria interaction is controlled by TOM20, a protein that belongs to the protein import machinery of the mitochondrial outer membrane. The expression of a small domain of interaction of TOM20 with Bcl2 potentiates its anti-apoptotic properties, which suggests that the Bcl2–TOM20 interaction is proapoptotic. The role of MAM and TOM20 in Bcl2 apoptotic mitochondrial localization and function has been confirmed in a yeast model in which the ER–mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) complex (required for MAM stability in yeast) has been disrupted. Bcl2–TOM20 interaction is thus an additional player in the control of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisenn Lalier
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Vincent Mignard
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Joalland
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Didier Lanoé
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Pierre-François Cartron
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Stéphen Manon
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095 CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - François M Vallette
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France. .,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France.
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14
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Bacon K, Bowen J, Reese H, Rao BM, Menegatti S. Use of Target-Displaying Magnetized Yeast in Screening mRNA-Display Peptide Libraries to Identify Ligands. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:738-744. [PMID: 33089990 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the first use of yeast-displayed protein targets for screening mRNA-display libraries of cyclic and linear peptides. The WW domains of Yes-Associated Protein 1 (WW-YAP) and mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM22 were adopted as protein targets. Yeast cells displaying WW-YAP or TOM22 were magnetized with iron oxide nanoparticles to enable the isolation of target-binding mRNA-peptide fusions. Equilibrium adsorption studies were conducted to estimate the binding affinity (KD) of select WW-YAP-binding peptides: KD values of 37 and 4 μM were obtained for cyclo[M-AFRLC-K] and its linear cognate, and 40 and 3 μM for cyclo[M-LDFVNHRSRG-K] and its linear cognate, respectively. TOM22-binding peptide cyclo[M-PELNRAI-K] was conjugated to magnetic beads and incubated with yeast cells expressing TOM22 and luciferase. A luciferase-based assay showed a 4.5-fold higher binding of TOM22+ yeast compared to control cells. This work demonstrates that integrating mRNA- and yeast-display accelerates the discovery of peptide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Bacon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Room 2-009, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - John Bowen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Room 2-009, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Hannah Reese
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Room 2-009, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Balaji M Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Room 2-009, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, 850 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Room 2-009, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, 850 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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15
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Gupta A, Becker T. Mechanisms and pathways of mitochondrial outer membrane protein biogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148323. [PMID: 33035511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins integrate mitochondria into the cellular environment. They warrant exchange of small molecules like metabolites and ions, transport proteins into mitochondria, form contact sites to other cellular organelles for lipid exchange, constitute a signaling platform for apoptosis and inflammation and mediate organelle fusion and fission. The outer membrane contains two types of integral membrane proteins. Proteins with a transmembrane β-barrel structure and proteins with a single or multiple α-helical membrane spans. All outer membrane proteins are produced on cytosolic ribosomes and imported into the target organelle. Precursors of β-barrel and α-helical proteins are transported into the outer membrane via distinct import routes. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM complex) transports β-barrel precursors across the outer membrane and the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) inserts them into the target membrane. The mitochondrial import (MIM) complex constitutes the major integration site for α-helical embedded proteins. The import of some MIM-substrates involves TOM receptors, while others are imported in a TOM-independent manner. Remarkably, TOM, SAM and MIM complexes dynamically interact to import a large set of different proteins and to coordinate their assembly into protein complexes. Thus, protein import into the mitochondrial outer membrane involves a dynamic platform of protein translocases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Gupta
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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16
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Kreimendahl S, Rassow J. The Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Protein Tom70-Mediator in Protein Traffic, Membrane Contact Sites and Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7262. [PMID: 33019591 PMCID: PMC7583919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tom70 is a versatile adaptor protein of 70 kDa anchored in the outer membrane of mitochondria in metazoa, fungi and amoeba. The tertiary structure was resolved for the Tom70 of yeast, showing 26 α-helices, most of them participating in the formation of 11 tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs. Tom70 serves as a docking site for cytosolic chaperone proteins and co-chaperones and is thereby involved in the uptake of newly synthesized chaperone-bound proteins in mitochondrial biogenesis. In yeast, Tom70 additionally mediates ER-mitochondria contacts via binding to sterol transporter Lam6/Ltc1. In mammalian cells, TOM70 promotes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria Ca2+ transfer by association with the inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 3 (IP3R3). TOM70 is specifically targeted by the Bcl-2-related protein MCL-1 that acts as an anti-apoptotic protein in macrophages infected by intracellular pathogens, but also in many cancer cells. By participating in the recruitment of PINK1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, TOM70 can be implicated in the development of Parkinson's disease. TOM70 acts as receptor of the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) and thereby participates in the corresponding system of innate immunity against viral infections. The protein encoded by Orf9b in the genome of SARS-CoV-2 binds to TOM70, probably compromising the synthesis of type I interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joachim Rassow
- Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
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17
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Wu H, Zhang K, Chen Y, Li J, Strout MP, Gu X. Optimized high-fidelity 3DPCR to assess potential mitochondrial targeting by activation-induced cytidine deaminase. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1782-1792. [PMID: 32633086 PMCID: PMC7459399 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes in B cells, whereas off‐targeted AID activity contributes to oncogenic mutations and chromosomal translocations associated with B cell malignancies. Paradoxically, only a minority of AID is allowed to access the nuclear genome, but the majority of AID is retained in the cytoplasm. It is unknown whether cytoplasmic AID can access and target the mitochondrial genome [mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)]. To address this issue, we developed high‐fidelity differential DNA denaturation PCR, which allowed the enrichment of genuine mtDNA mutations and therefore the identification of endogenous mtDNA mutation signatures in vitro. With this approach, we showed that AID targeting to mtDNA is a rare event in AID‐expressing lymphoma lines. Further biochemical and microscopic analysis revealed that a fraction of cytosol AID is associated with the outer membrane of mitochondria but unable to access the mitochondrial matrix. Together, our data suggested that the mitochondrial genome is protected from AID‐mediated mutagenesis by physical segregation of AID from accessing mtDNA within the mitochondrial matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China.,Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China
| | - Matthew P Strout
- Section of Hematology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiwen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China
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18
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Barillé-Nion S, Lohard S, Juin PP. Targeting of BCL-2 Family Members during Anticancer Treatment: A Necessary Compromise between Individual Cell and Ecosystemic Responses? Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1109. [PMID: 32722518 PMCID: PMC7464802 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between BCL-2 homologues and pro-death counterparts frequently noted in cancer cells endows them with a cell autonomous survival advantage. To eradicate ectopic cells, inhibitors of these homologues (BH3 mimetics) were developed to trigger, during anticancer treatment, full activation of the canonical mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and related caspases. Despite efficiency in some clinical settings, these compounds do not completely fulfill their initial promise. We herein put forth that a growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial integrity, controlled by BCL-2 family proteins, and downstream caspases regulate other cell death modes and influence extracellular signaling by committed cells. Moreover, intercellular communications play a key role in spreading therapeutic response across cancer cell populations and in engaging an immune response. We thus advocate that BH3 mimetics administration would be more efficient in the long term if it did not induce apoptosis in all sensitive cells at the same time, but if it could instead allow (or trigger) death signal production by non-terminally committed dying cell populations. The development of such a trade-off strategy requires to unravel the effects of BH3 mimetics not only on each individual cancer cell but also on homotypic and heterotypic cell interactions in dynamic tumor ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Barillé-Nion
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers (CRCINA), INSERMU1232, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France; (S.B.-N.); (S.L.)
- SIRIC ILIAD, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Steven Lohard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers (CRCINA), INSERMU1232, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France; (S.B.-N.); (S.L.)
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Philippe P. Juin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers (CRCINA), INSERMU1232, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France; (S.B.-N.); (S.L.)
- SIRIC ILIAD, 44000 Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 15 Rue André Boquel, 49055 Angers, France
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19
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Platform independent protein-based cell-of-origin subtyping of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7876. [PMID: 32398793 PMCID: PMC7217957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is commonly classified by gene expression profiling according to its cell of origin (COO) into activated B-cell (ABC)-like and germinal center B-cell (GCB)-like subgroups. Here we report the application of label-free nano-liquid chromatography - Sequential Window Acquisition of all THeoretical fragment-ion spectra - mass spectrometry (nanoLC-SWATH-MS) to the COO classification of DLBCL in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. To generate a protein signature capable of predicting Affymetrix-based GCB scores, the summed log2-transformed fragment ion intensities of 780 proteins quantified in a training set of 42 DLBCL cases were used as independent variables in a penalized zero-sum elastic net regression model with variable selection. The eight-protein signature obtained showed an excellent correlation (r = 0.873) between predicted and true GCB scores and yielded only 9 (21.4%) minor discrepancies between the three classifications: ABC, GCB, and unclassified. The robustness of the model was validated successfully in two independent cohorts of 42 and 31 DLBCL cases, the latter cohort comprising only patients aged >75 years, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.846 and 0.815, respectively, between predicted and NanoString nCounter based GCB scores. We further show that the 8-protein signature is directly transferable to both a triple quadrupole and a Q Exactive quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer, thus obviating the need for proprietary instrumentation and reagents. This method may therefore be used for robust and competitive classification of DLBCLs on the protein level.
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20
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Wang D, Zeng Z, Zhang S, Xiong F, He B, Wu Y, Li W, Tang L, Wei F, Xiang B, Li Z, Zhou Y, Zhou M, Li X, Li Y, Li G, Xiong W, Guo C. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded miR-BART6-3p inhibits cancer cell proliferation through the LOC553103-STMN1 axis. FASEB J 2020; 34:8012-8027. [PMID: 32306460 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000039rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a tumorigenic virus that can cause various human malignancies such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and gastric cancer (GC). EBV encodes 44 mature micro (mi)RNAs, mostly exhibiting oncogenic properties and promoting cancer progression. However, we have previously found that one EBV-encoded miRNA, namely EBV-miR-BART6-3p, acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting metastasis and invasion. Here, we report that EBV-miR-BART6-3p inhibits the proliferation of EBV-associated cancers, NPC, and GC, by targeting and downregulating a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), LOC553103. Through proteomics analysis, we determined that stathmin (STMN1) is affected by EBV-miR-BART6-3p and LOC553103. Further, via RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay, we confirmed that LOC553103 directly binds and stabilizes the 3'UTR region of STMN1 mRNA. These results indicate that the EBV-miR-BART6-3p/LOC553103/STMN1 axis regulates the expression of cell cycle-associated proteins, which then inhibit EBV-associated tumor cell proliferation. These findings provide potential targets or strategies for novel EBV-related cancer treatments, as well as contributes new insights into the understanding of EBV infection-related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Baoyu He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingfen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Dudko HV, Urban VA, Davidovskii AI, Veresov VG. Structure-based modeling of turnover of Bcl-2 family proteins bound to voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2): Implications for the mechanisms of proapoptotic activation of Bak and Bax in vivo. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 85:107203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Wang M, Gu B, Chen X, Wang Y, Li P, Wang K. The Function and Therapeutic Potential of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded MicroRNAs in Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:657-668. [PMID: 31400608 PMCID: PMC6698931 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human γ-herpesvirus that infects over 90% of the global population. EBV is considered a contributory factor in a variety of malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Notably, EBV was the first virus found to encode microRNAs (miRNAs). Increasing evidence indicates that EBV-encoded miRNAs contribute to the carcinogenesis and development of EBV-associated malignancies. EBV miRNAs have been shown to inhibit the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and immune signaling pathways. Therefore, EBV miRNAs perform a significant function in the complex host-virus interaction and EBV-driven carcinogenesis. However, the integrated mechanisms underlying the roles of EBV miRNAs in carcinogenesis remain to be further explored. In this review, we describe recent advances regarding the involvement of EBV miRNAs in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated malignancies and discuss their potential utility as cancer biomarkers. An in-depth investigation into the pro-carcinogenic role of EBV miRNAs will expand our knowledge of the biological processes associated with virus-driven tumors and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of EBV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Dengzhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Bianli Gu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Xinzhe Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Dengzhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yefu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Dengzhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Dengzhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China.
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23
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Phang CW, Gandah NA, Abd Malek SN, Karsani SA. Proteomic analysis of flavokawain C-induced cell death in HCT 116 colon carcinoma cell line. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:388-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Rada P, Makki A, Žárský V, Tachezy J. Targeting of tail-anchored proteins to Trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomes. Mol Microbiol 2019; 111:588-603. [PMID: 30506591 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are membrane proteins that are found in all domains of life. They consist of an N-terminal domain that performs various functions and a single transmembrane domain (TMD) near the C-terminus. In eukaryotes, TA proteins are targeted to the membranes of mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroxisomes and in plants, chloroplasts. The targeting of these proteins to their specific destinations correlates with the properties of the C-terminal domain, mainly the TMD hydrophobicity and the net charge of the flanking regions. Trichomonas vaginalis is a human parasite that has adapted to oxygen-poor environment. This adaptation is reflected by the presence of highly modified mitochondria (hydrogenosomes) and the absence of peroxisomes. The proteome of hydrogenosomes is considerably reduced; however, our bioinformatic analysis predicted 120 putative hydrogenosomal TA proteins. Seven proteins were selected to prove their localization. The elimination of the net positive charge in the C-tail of the hydrogenosomal TA4 protein resulted in its dual localization to hydrogenosomes and the ER, causing changes in ER morphology. Domain mutation and swap experiments with hydrogenosomal (TA4) and ER (TAPDI) proteins indicated that the general principles for specific targeting are conserved across eukaryotic lineages, including T. vaginalis; however, there are also significant lineage-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Rada
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, Vestec, 25242, Czech Republic
| | - Abhijith Makki
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, Vestec, 25242, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Žárský
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, Vestec, 25242, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tachezy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, Vestec, 25242, Czech Republic
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25
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Abstract
Among the different models used to study the biochemical properties and function of proteins of the Bcl-2 family, their heterologous expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae may look out of place. However, when grown under adequate conditions, yeast cells have mitochondria that have similar properties as those of mammalian cells, and are able to be targeted by mammalian Bcl-2 family members. Yeast thus provides a neutral cellular background to study how proteins of the Bcl-2 family interact with mitochondria, alone or as a couple (or a combination of more proteins). Most studies done in our laboratory has been done on the proapoptotic protein Bax and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL, but yeast can bring about useful information about every protein of the family, in terms of their capacity to interact and to regulate the permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphen Manon
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, Campus Careire, CS61390, Bordeaux, France.
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26
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Fan C, Tang Y, Wang J, Xiong F, Guo C, Wang Y, Xiang B, Zhou M, Li X, Wu X, Li Y, Li X, Li G, Xiong W, Zeng Z. The emerging role of Epstein-Barr virus encoded microRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:2852-2864. [PMID: 30123354 PMCID: PMC6096363 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic herpes virus that is closely associated with the initiation and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), lymphoma and other malignant tumors. EBV encodes 44 mature miRNAs that regulate viral and host cell gene expression and plays a variety of roles in biological functions and the development of cancer. In this review, we summarized the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded microRNAs (EBV miRNAs) in tumor immune evasion, proliferation, anti-apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and as a potential biomarker for NPC diagnosis and prognosis. The knowledge generated by EBV miRNAs can be used for EBV miRNA-based precision cancer treatments in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Yong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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27
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Deep learning massively accelerates super-resolution localization microscopy. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:460-468. [PMID: 29658943 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The speed of super-resolution microscopy methods based on single-molecule localization, for example, PALM and STORM, is limited by the need to record many thousands of frames with a small number of observed molecules in each. Here, we present ANNA-PALM, a computational strategy that uses artificial neural networks to reconstruct super-resolution views from sparse, rapidly acquired localization images and/or widefield images. Simulations and experimental imaging of microtubules, nuclear pores, and mitochondria show that high-quality, super-resolution images can be reconstructed from up to two orders of magnitude fewer frames than usually needed, without compromising spatial resolution. Super-resolution reconstructions are even possible from widefield images alone, though adding localization data improves image quality. We demonstrate super-resolution imaging of >1,000 fields of view containing >1,000 cells in ∼3 h, yielding an image spanning spatial scales from ∼20 nm to ∼2 mm. The drastic reduction in acquisition time and sample irradiation afforded by ANNA-PALM enables faster and gentler high-throughput and live-cell super-resolution imaging.
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28
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Wang M, Yu F, Wu W, Wang Y, Ding H, Qian L. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded microRNAs as regulators in host immune responses. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:565-576. [PMID: 29805308 PMCID: PMC5968849 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.24562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus that infects over 90% of the world's adult population. EBV can establish life-long latent infection in host due to the balance between EBV and host immune system. EBV latency is associated with various malignancies such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. EBV is the first human virus that has the capability to encode microRNAs (miRNAs). Remarkably, EBV-encoded miRNAs are abundantly expressed in latently-infected cells and serve important function in viral infection and pathogenesis. Increasing evidence indicates that EBV miRNAs target the host mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. EBV miRNAs also inhibit the expression of viral antigens, thereby enabling infected cells to escape immune recognition. Intriguingly, EBV miRNAs directly suppress host antiviral immunity by interfering with antigen presentation and immune cell activation. This review will update the current knowledge about EBV miRNAs implicated in host immune responses. An in-depth understanding of the functions of EBV miRNAs in host antiviral immunity will shed light on the EBV-host interactions and provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of EBV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Dengzhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Dengzhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Dengzhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Dengzhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Han Ding
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Dengzhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lili Qian
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Dengzhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
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29
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Transcriptome analysis and prognosis of ALDH isoforms in human cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2713. [PMID: 29426835 PMCID: PMC5807355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of ALDH is associated with cancer stem-like features and poor cancer prognosis. High ALDH activity has been observed in cancer stem-like cells. There are a total of 19 human ALDH isoforms, all of which are associated with reducing oxidative stress and protecting cells from damage. However, it is unknown whether all ALDHs are associated with poor cancer prognosis and which ones play a significant role in cancer progression. In this study, we used RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to evaluate the differential expression of 19 ALDH isoforms in 5 common human cancers. The 19 ALDH genes were analyzed with an integrating meta-analysis of cancer prognosis. Genotyping and next-generation RNA sequencing for 30 pairwise samples of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were performed and compared with the TCGA cohort. The analysis showed that each ALDH isoform had a specific differential expression pattern, most of which were related to prognosis in human cancer. A lower expression of ALDH2 in the tumor was observed, which was independent from the ALDH2 rs671 SNP variant and the expression of other mitochondria-associated protein coding genes. This study provides new insight into the association between ALDH expression and cancer prognosis.
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30
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Zheng B, Wang H, Pan H, Liang C, Ji W, Zhao L, Chen H, Gong X, Wu X, Chang J. Near-Infrared Light Triggered Upconversion Optogenetic Nanosystem for Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2017; 11:11898-11907. [PMID: 29064662 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In vivo the application of optogenetic manipulation in deep tissue is seriously obstructed by the limited penetration depth of visible light that is continually applied to activate a photoactuator. Herein, we designed a versatile upconversion optogenetic nanosystem based on a blue-light-mediated heterodimerization module and rare-earth upconversion nanoparticles (UCNs). The UCNs worked as a nanotransducer to convert external deep-tissue-penetrating near-infrared (NIR) light to local blue light to noninvasively activate photoreceptors for optogenetic manipulation in vivo. In this, we demonstrated that deeply penetrating NIR light could be used to control the apoptotic signaling pathway of cancer cells in both mammalian cells and mice by UCNs. We believe that this interesting NIR-light-responsive upconversion optogenetic nanotechnology has significant application potentials for both basic research and clinical applications in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hanjie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huizhuo Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wanying Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoqun Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jin Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
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31
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Fitzsimmons L, Kelly GL. EBV and Apoptosis: The Viral Master Regulator of Cell Fate? Viruses 2017; 9:E339. [PMID: 29137176 PMCID: PMC5707546 DOI: 10.3390/v9110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was first discovered in cells from a patient with Burkitt lymphoma (BL), and is now known to be a contributory factor in 1-2% of all cancers, for which there are as yet, no EBV-targeted therapies available. Like other herpesviruses, EBV adopts a persistent latent infection in vivo and only rarely reactivates into replicative lytic cycle. Although latency is associated with restricted patterns of gene expression, genes are never expressed in isolation; always in groups. Here, we discuss (1) the ways in which the latent genes of EBV are known to modulate cell death, (2) how these mechanisms relate to growth transformation and lymphomagenesis, and (3) how EBV genes cooperate to coordinately regulate key cell death pathways in BL and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Since manipulation of the cell death machinery is critical in EBV pathogenesis, understanding the mechanisms that underpin EBV regulation of apoptosis therefore provides opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Fitzsimmons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences and Centre for Human Virology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
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32
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Way L, Faktor J, Dvorakova P, Nicholson J, Vojtesek B, Graham D, Ball KL, Hupp T. Rearrangement of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase protein-protein interactions by the MDM2 ligand nutlin-3. Proteomics 2017; 16:2327-44. [PMID: 27273042 PMCID: PMC5026170 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Drugs targeting MDM2's hydrophobic pocket activate p53. However, these agents act allosterically and have agonist effects on MDM2's protein interaction landscape. Dominant p53‐independent MDM2‐drug responsive‐binding proteins have not been stratified. We used as a variable the differential expression of MDM2 protein as a function of cell density to identify Nutlin‐3 responsive MDM2‐binding proteins that are perturbed independent of cell density using SWATH‐MS. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, the E3 subunit of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, was one of two Nutlin‐3 perturbed proteins identified fours hour posttreatment at two cell densities. Immunoblotting confirmed that dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase was induced by Nutlin‐3. Depletion of MDM2 using siRNA also elevated dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase in Nutlin‐3 treated cells. Mitotracker confirmed that Nutlin‐3 inhibits mitochondrial activity. Enrichment of mitochondria using TOM22+ immunobeads and TMT labeling defined key changes in the mitochondrial proteome after Nutlin‐3 treatment. Proximity ligation identified rearrangements of cellular protein–protein complexes in situ. In response to Nutlin‐3, a reduction of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase/dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase protein complexes highlighted a disruption of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This coincides with an increase in MDM2/dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase complexes in the nucleus that was further enhanced by the nuclear export inhibitor Leptomycin B. The data suggest one therapeutic impact of MDM2 drugs might be on the early perturbation of specific protein–protein interactions within the mitochondria. This methodology forms a blueprint for biomarker discovery that can identify rearrangements of MDM2 protein–protein complexes in drug‐treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Way
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Jakub Faktor
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Dvorakova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Judith Nicholson
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Borek Vojtesek
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn L Ball
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ted Hupp
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. .,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
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33
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NOX5 and p22phox are 2 novel regulators of human monocytic differentiation into dendritic cells. Blood 2017; 130:1734-1745. [PMID: 28830888 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-10-746347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of professional antigen-presenting cells and are key cells of the immune system, acquiring different phenotypes in accordance with their localization during the immune response. A subset of inflammatory DCs is derived from circulating monocytes (Mo) and has a key role in inflammation and infection. The pathways controlling Mo-DC differentiation are not fully understood. Our objective was to investigate the possible role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form oxidases (NOXs) in Mo-DC differentiation. In this study, we revealed that Mo-DC differentiation was inhibited by NOX inhibitors and reactive oxygen species scavengers. We show that the Mo-DC differentiation was dependent on p22phox, and not on gp91phox/NOX2, as shown by the reduced Mo-DC differentiation observed in chronic granulomatous disease patients lacking p22phox. Moreover, we revealed that NOX5 expression was strongly increased during Mo-DC differentiation, but not during Mo-macrophage differentiation. NOX5 was expressed in circulating myeloid DC, and at a lower level in plasmacytoid DC. Interestingly, NOX5 was localized at the outer membrane of the mitochondria and interacted with p22phox in Mo-DC. Selective inhibitors and small interfering RNAs for NOX5 indicated that NOX5 controlled Mo-DC differentiation by regulating the JAK/STAT/MAPK and NFκB pathways. These data demonstrate that the NOX5-p22phox complex drives Mo-DC differentiation, and thus could be critical for immunity and inflammation.
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34
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An update: Epstein-Barr virus and immune evasion via microRNA regulation. Virol Sin 2017; 32:175-187. [PMID: 28669004 PMCID: PMC6702289 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-017-3996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus that ubiquitously establishes
life-long persistence in humans. To ensure its survival and maintain its B cell
transformation function, EBV has developed powerful strategies to evade host immune
responses. Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful
regulators of the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarize
current progress on how EBV utilizes miRNAs for immune evasion. EBV encodes miRNAs
targeting both viral and host genes involved in the immune response. The miRNAs are
found in two gene clusters, and recent studies have demonstrated that lack of these
clusters increases the CD4+ and
CD8+ T cell response of infected cells. These reports
strongly indicate that EBV miRNAs are critical for immune evasion. In addition, EBV
is able to dysregulate the expression of a variety of host miRNAs, which influence
multiple immune-related molecules and signaling pathways. The transport via exosomes
of EBV-regulated miRNAs and viral proteins contributes to the construction and
modification of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. During EBV immune evasion,
viral proteins, immune cells, chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and
pro-apoptosis molecules are involved. Our increasing knowledge of the role of miRNAs
in immune evasion will improve the understanding of EBV persistence and help to
develop new treatments for EBV-associated cancers and other diseases.
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35
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Simonyan L, Légiot A, Lascu I, Durand G, Giraud MF, Gonzalez C, Manon S. The substitution of Proline 168 favors Bax oligomerization and stimulates its interaction with LUVs and mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1144-1155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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36
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Vogler M, Walter HS, Dyer MJS. Targeting anti-apoptotic BCL2 family proteins in haematological malignancies - from pathogenesis to treatment. Br J Haematol 2017; 178:364-379. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meike Vogler
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Paediatrics; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Harriet S. Walter
- Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - Martin J. S. Dyer
- Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
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37
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Martin-Sanchez D, Gallegos-Villalobos A, Fontecha-Barriuso M, Carrasco S, Sanchez-Niño MD, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Ruiz-Ortega M, Egido J, Ortiz A, Sanz AB. Deferasirox-induced iron depletion promotes BclxL downregulation and death of proximal tubular cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41510. [PMID: 28139717 PMCID: PMC5282523 DOI: 10.1038/srep41510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency has been associated with kidney injury. Deferasirox is an oral iron chelator used to treat blood transfusion-related iron overload. Nephrotoxicity is the most serious and common adverse effect of deferasirox and may present as an acute or chronic kidney disease. However, scarce data are available on the molecular mechanisms of nephrotoxicity. We explored the therapeutic modulation of deferasirox-induced proximal tubular cell death in culture. Deferasirox induced dose-dependent tubular cell death and AnexxinV/7AAD staining showed features of apoptosis and necrosis. However, despite inhibiting caspase-3 activation, the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk failed to prevent deferasirox-induced cell death. Moreover, zVAD increased deferasirox-induced cell death, a feature sometimes found in necroptosis. Electron microscopy identified mitochondrial injury and features of necrosis. However, neither necrostatin-1 nor RIP3 knockdown prevented deferasirox-induced cell death. Deferasirox caused BclxL depletion and BclxL overexpression was protective. Preventing iron depletion protected from BclxL downregulation and deferasirox cytotoxicity. In conclusion, deferasirox promoted iron depletion-dependent cell death characterized by BclxL downregulation. BclxL overexpression was protective, suggesting a role for BclxL downregulation in iron depletion-induced cell death. This information may be used to develop novel nephroprotective strategies. Furthermore, it supports the concept that monitoring kidney tissue iron depletion may decrease the risk of deferasirox nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martin-Sanchez
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Gallegos-Villalobos
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Fontecha-Barriuso
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Carrasco
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Lopez-Hernandez
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Egido
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Sanz
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
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38
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Garenne D, Renault TT, Manon S. Bax mitochondrial relocation is linked to its phosphorylation and its interaction with Bcl-xL. MICROBIAL CELL 2016; 3:597-605. [PMID: 28357332 PMCID: PMC5348979 DOI: 10.15698/mic2016.12.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The heterologous expression of Bax, and other Bcl-2 family members, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has proved to be a valuable reporter system to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying their interaction with mitochondria. By combining the co-expression of Bax and Bcl-xL mutants with analyzes of their localization and interaction in mitochondria and post-mitochondrial supernatants, we showed that the ability of Bax and Bcl-xL to interact is dependent both on Bax phosphorylation - mimicked by a substitution S184D - and by Bax and Bcl-xL localization. This, and previous data, provide the molecular basis for a model of dynamic equilibrium for Bax localization and activation, regulated both by phosphorylation and Bcl-xL.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Garenne
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, CS61390, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France. ; Present address: INRA, UMR1332, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaud, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Thibaud T Renault
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, CS61390, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France. ; Present address: Department of Regulation in Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stéphen Manon
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, CS61390, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
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Petit E, Cartron PF, Oliver L, Vallette FM. The phosphorylation of Metaxin 1 controls Bak activation during TNFα induced cell death. Cell Signal 2016; 30:171-178. [PMID: 27845183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The proapoptotic protein Bak is implicated in the execution phase of apoptosis, a cell death program. Bak is essentially mitochondrial and during early steps of apoptosis undergoes conformational changes that lead to its full membrane integration in mitochondria and the subsequent liberation of pro-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins. Little is known about the partners and mechanisms implicated in the activation of Bak. We have recently shown that Bak is incorporated into a Voltage dependent anionic channel of type 2 (VDAC2)/Metaxin 1(Mtx1)/Metaxin 2 (Mtx2) multi-protein complex in both resting and dying cells. Here, we show that, after the induction of apoptosis, Bak switches from its association with Mtx2 and VDAC2 to a closer association with Mtx1. This change of partners is under the control of a tyrosine phosphorylation of Mtx1 by c-Abl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Petit
- Team 9 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, UMR INSERM 892/CNRS UMR 6299, F-44007 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, 9 Quai Moncousu, 44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France
| | - Pierre-François Cartron
- Team 9 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, UMR INSERM 892/CNRS UMR 6299, F-44007 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, 9 Quai Moncousu, 44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France; LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest-avenue Jean Monnet St Herblain, France
| | - Lisa Oliver
- Team 9 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, UMR INSERM 892/CNRS UMR 6299, F-44007 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, 9 Quai Moncousu, 44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France; CHU de Nantes, 1 place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - François M Vallette
- Team 9 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, UMR INSERM 892/CNRS UMR 6299, F-44007 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, 9 Quai Moncousu, 44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France; LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest-avenue Jean Monnet St Herblain, France.
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Ellenrieder L, Mårtensson CU, Becker T. Biogenesis of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins, problems and diseases. Biol Chem 2016; 396:1199-213. [PMID: 25980382 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2015-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the mitochondrial outer membrane are synthesized as precursors on cytosolic ribosomes and sorted via internal targeting sequences to mitochondria. Two different types of integral outer membrane proteins exist: proteins with a transmembrane β-barrel and proteins embedded by a single or multiple α-helices. The import pathways of these two types of membrane proteins differ fundamentally. Precursors of β-barrel proteins are first imported across the outer membrane via the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM complex). The TOM complex is coupled to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex), which catalyzes folding and membrane insertion of these precursors. The mitochondrial import machinery (MIM complex) promotes import of proteins with multiple α-helical membrane spans. Depending on the topology precursors of proteins with a single α-helical membrane anchor are imported via several distinct routes. We summarize current models and open questions of biogenesis of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins and discuss the impact of malfunctions of protein sorting on the development of diseases.
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Renault TT, Dejean LM, Manon S. A brewing understanding of the regulation of Bax function by Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 161:201-210. [PMID: 27112371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 family members form a network of protein-protein interactions that regulate apoptosis through permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Deciphering this intricate network requires streamlined experimental models, including the heterologous expression in yeast. This approach had previously enabled researchers to identify domains and residues that underlie the conformational changes driving the translocation, the insertion and the oligomerization of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax at the level of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Recent studies that combine experiments in yeast and in mammalian cells have shown the unexpected effect of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL on the priming of Bax. As demonstrated with the BH3-mimetic molecule ABT-737, this property of Bcl-xL, and of Bcl-2, is crucial to elaborate about how apoptosis could be reactivated in tumoral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud T Renault
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Junior Research Group Infection Biology of Salmonella, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurent M Dejean
- California State University of Fresno, Department of Chemistry, 2555 E. San Ramon Ave M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740-8034, USA
| | - Stéphen Manon
- CNRS, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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Flór TB, Blom B. Pathogens Use and Abuse MicroRNAs to Deceive the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:538. [PMID: 27070595 PMCID: PMC4848994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRs) play a role in the survival and amplification of viruses, bacteria and other pathogens. There are various ways in which pathogens can benefit from miR-directed alterations in protein translation and signal transduction. Members of the herpesviridae family have previously been shown to encode multiple miRs, while the production of miRs by viruses like HIV-1 remained controversial. Recently, novel techniques have facilitated the elucidation of true miR targets by establishing miR-argonaute association and the subsequent interactions with their cognate cellular mRNAs. This, in combination with miR reporter assays, has generated physiologically relevant evidence that miRs from the herpesviridae family have the potential to downregulate multiple cellular targets, which are involved in immune activation, cytokine signaling and apoptosis. In addition, viruses and bacteria have also been linked to the induction of host cellular miRs, which have the capacity to mitigate immune activation, cytokine signaling and apoptosis. Interfering with miR expression may be clinically relevant. In the case of hepatitis C infection, the cellular miR-122 is already targeted therapeutically. This not only exemplifies how important miRs can be for the survival of specific viruses, but it also delineates the potential to use miRs as drug targets. In this paper we will review the latest reports on viruses and bacteria that abuse miR regulation for their benefit, which may be of interest in the development of miR-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Flór
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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Schroyen M, Eisley C, Koltes JE, Fritz-Waters E, Choi I, Plastow GS, Guan L, Stothard P, Bao H, Kommadath A, Reecy JM, Lunney JK, Rowland RRR, Dekkers JCM, Tuggle CK. Bioinformatic analyses in early host response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) reveals pathway differences between pigs with alternate genotypes for a major host response QTL. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:196. [PMID: 26951612 PMCID: PMC4782518 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A region on Sus scrofa chromosome 4 (SSC4) surrounding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker WUR10000125 (WUR) has been reported to be strongly associated with both weight gain and serum viremia in pigs after infection with PRRS virus (PRRSV). A proposed causal mutation in the guanylate binding protein 5 gene (GBP5) is predicted to truncate the encoded protein. To investigate transcriptional differences between WUR genotypes in early host response to PRRSV infection, an RNA-seq experiment was performed on globin depleted whole blood RNA collected on 0, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days post-infection (dpi) from eight littermate pairs with one AB (favorable) and one AA (unfavorable) WUR genotype animal per litter. Results Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of transcripts that were differentially expressed (DE) between dpi across both genotypes revealed an inflammatory response for all dpi when compared to day 0. However, at the early time points of 4 and 7dpi, several GO terms had higher enrichment scores compared to later dpi, including inflammatory response (p < 10-7), specifically regulation of NFkappaB (p < 0.01), cytokine, and chemokine activity (p < 0.01). At 10 and 14dpi, GO term enrichment indicated a switch to DNA damage response, cell cycle checkpoints, and DNA replication. Few transcripts were DE between WUR genotypes on individual dpi or averaged over all dpi, and little enrichment of any GO term was found. However, there were differences in expression patterns over time between AA and AB animals, which was confirmed by genotype-specific expression patterns of several modules that were identified in weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNA). Minor differences between AA and AB animals were observed in immune response and DNA damage response (p = 0.64 and p = 0.11, respectively), but a significant effect between genotypes pointed to a difference in ion transport/homeostasis and the participation of G-coupled protein receptors (p = 8e-4), which was reinforced by results from regulatory and phenotypic impact factor analyses between genotypes. Conclusion We propose these pathway differences between WUR genotypes are the result of the inability of the truncated GBP5 of the AA genotyped pigs to inhibit viral entry and replication as quickly as the intact GBP5 protein of the AB genotyped pigs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2547-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Schroyen
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Christopher Eisley
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, 1121 Snedecor Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - James E Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, AFLS B106D, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Eric Fritz-Waters
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Igseo Choi
- USDA-ARS, BARC, APDL, Bldg.1040, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Graham S Plastow
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Leluo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Paul Stothard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Hua Bao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Arun Kommadath
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - James M Reecy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Joan K Lunney
- USDA-ARS, BARC, APDL, Bldg.1040, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Robert R R Rowland
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, K-231 Mosier Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Jack C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Christopher K Tuggle
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Role of Viral miRNAs and Epigenetic Modifications in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Carcinogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6021934. [PMID: 26977250 PMCID: PMC4764750 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6021934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short (21–23 nucleotides), noncoding RNAs that typically silence posttranscriptional gene expression through interaction with target messenger RNAs. Currently, miRNAs have been identified in almost all studied multicellular eukaryotes in the plant and animal kingdoms. Additionally, recent studies reported that miRNAs can also be encoded by certain single-cell eukaryotes and by viruses. The vast majority of viral miRNAs are encoded by the herpesviruses family. These DNA viruses including Epstein-Barr virus encode their own miRNAs and/or manipulate the expression of cellular miRNAs to facilitate respective infection cycles. Modulation of the control pathways of miRNAs expression is often involved in the promotion of tumorigenesis through a specific cascade of transduction signals. Notably, latent infection with Epstein-Barr virus is considered liable of causing several types of malignancies, including the majority of gastric carcinoma cases detected worldwide. In this review, we describe the role of the Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinogenesis, summarizing the functions of the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded viral proteins and related epigenetic alterations as well as the roles of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded and virally modulated cellular miRNAs.
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Li Y, Zhang L, Qu T, Li L, Zhang G. Characterization of Oyster Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 2 (VDAC2) Suggests Its Involvement in Apoptosis and Host Defense. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146049. [PMID: 26727366 PMCID: PMC4700975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic and transcriptomic studies have revealed a sophisticated and powerful apoptosis regulation network in oyster, highlighting its adaptation to sessile life in a highly stressful intertidal environment. However, the functional molecular basis of apoptosis remains largely unexplored in oysters. In this study, we focused on a representative apoptotic gene encoding voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2), a porin that abounds at the mitochondrial outer membrane. This is the first report on the identification and characterization of a VDAC gene in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (CgVDAC2). The full length of CgVDAC2 was 1,738 bp with an open reading frame of 843 bp that encoded a protein of 281 amino acids. A four-element eukaryotic porin signature motif, a conserved ATP binding motif, and a VKAKV-like sequence were identified in the predicted CgVDAC2. Expression pattern analysis in different tissues and developmental stages as well as upon infection by ostreid herpesvirus 1 revealed the energy supply-related and immunity-related expression of CgVDAC2. CgVDAC2 was co-localized with mitochondria when it was transiently transfected into HeLa cells. Overexpression of CgVDAC2 in HEK293T cells suppressed the UV irradiation-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the pro-apoptotic function of CgBak. RNA interference induced reduction in CgVDAC2 expression showed a promoted apoptosis level upon UV light irradiation in hemocytes. The yeast two-hybrid system and co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated a direct interaction between CgVDAC2 and the pro-apoptotic protein CgBak. This study revealed the function of VDAC2 in oyster and provided new insights into its involvement in apoptosis modulation and host defense in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Qu
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (GZ)
| | - Guofan Zhang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (GZ)
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Hughes RM, Freeman DJ, Lamb KN, Pollet RM, Smith WJ, Lawrence DS. Optogenetic apoptosis: light-triggered cell death. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12064-8. [PMID: 26418181 PMCID: PMC4819321 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An optogenetic Bax has been designed that facilitates light-induced apoptosis. We demonstrate that mitochondrial recruitment of a genetically encoded light-responsive Bax results in the release of mitochondrial proteins, downstream caspase-3 cleavage, changes in cellular morphology, and ultimately cell death. Mutagenesis of a key phosphorylatable residue or modification of the C-terminus mitigates background (dark) levels of apoptosis that result from Bax overexpression. The mechanism of optogenetic Bax-mediated apoptosis was explored using a series of small molecules known to interfere with various steps in programmed cell death. Optogenetic Bax appears to form a mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel analogous to that of endogenous Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA).
| | - David J Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - Kelsey N Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - Rebecca M Pollet
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - Weston J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - David S Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA).
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Hughes RM, Freeman DJ, Lamb KN, Pollet RM, Smith WJ, Lawrence DS. Optogenetic Apoptosis: Light-Triggered Cell Death. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Thomas JL, Bose HS. Regulation of human 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-2 (3βHSD2) by molecular chaperones and the mitochondrial environment affects steroidogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 151:74-84. [PMID: 25448736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human 3-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase types 1 and 2 (3βHSD1 and 3βHSD2, respectively) are expressed in a tissue-specific pattern by different genes. Site-directed mutagenesis studies have confirmed the function of the catalytic amino acids (Tyr154, Lys 158, Ser124 in both isoenzymes), substrate/inhibitor isoform-specific residues (His156 and Arg195 in 3βHSD1) and cofactor binding residues (Asp36 provides NAD(+) specificity in both isoenzymes). However, detailed analysis of isoform-specific organelle localization and characterization is difficult due to the 93% amino acid identity between the two isoforms. With recent advances in the knowledge of mitochondrial architecture and localization of the various translocases, our laboratory has studied the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial 3βHSD2 localization. The mitochondrial N-terminal leader sequence of 3βHSD2 directs its entry into the mitochondria where it is localized to the intermembrane space (IMS). Unlike other mitochondrial proteins, the N-terminal signal sequence of 3βHSD2 is not cleaved upon mitochondrial import. 3βHSD2 interacts with the mitochondrial translocase, Tim50, to regulate progesterone and androstenedione formation. Our studies suggest that its activity at the IMS is facilitated in a partially unfolded "molten globule" conformation by the proton pump between the matrix and IMS. The unfolded protein is refolded by the mitochondrial chaperones. The protons at the IMS are absorbed by the lipid vesicles, to maintain the proton pump and recycle 3βHSD2. As a result, one molecule of 3βHSD2 may participate in multiple catalytic reactions. In summary, the steroidogenic cell recycles 3βHSD2 to catalyze the reactions needed to produce androstenedione, progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone on demand in coordination with the mitochondrial translocase, Tim50. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Steroid/Sterol signaling'.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Thomas
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | - Himangshu S Bose
- Departments of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA; Memorial University Medical Center, Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
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49
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Kang D, Skalsky RL, Cullen BR. EBV BART MicroRNAs Target Multiple Pro-apoptotic Cellular Genes to Promote Epithelial Cell Survival. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004979. [PMID: 26070070 PMCID: PMC4466530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human γ-herpesvirus that can give rise to cancers of both B-cell and epithelial cell origin. In EBV-induced cancers of epithelial origin, including nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) and gastric carcinomas, the latent EBV genome expresses very high levels of a cluster of 22 viral pre-miRNAs, called the miR-BARTs, and these have previously been shown to confer a degree of resistance to pro-apoptotic drugs. Here, we present an analysis of the ability of individual miR-BART pre-miRNAs to confer an anti-apoptotic phenotype and report that five of the 22 miR-BARTs demonstrate this ability. We next used photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) to globally identify the mRNA targets bound by these miR-BARTs in latently infected epithelial cells. This led to the identification of ten mRNAs encoding pro-apoptotic mRNA targets, all of which could be confirmed as valid targets for the five anti-apoptotic miR-BARTs by indicator assays and by demonstrating that ectopic expression of physiological levels of the relevant miR-BART in the epithelial cell line AGS resulted in a significant repression of the target mRNA as well as the encoded protein product. Using RNA interference, we further demonstrated that knockdown of at least seven of these cellular miR-BART target transcripts phenocopies the anti-apoptotic activity seen upon expression of the relevant EBV miR-BART miRNA. Together, these observations validate previously published reports arguing that the miR-BARTs can exert an anti-apoptotic effect in EBV-infected epithelial cells and provide a mechanistic explanation for this activity. Moreover, these results identify and validate a substantial number of novel mRNA targets for the anti-apoptotic miR-BARTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Skalsky
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bryan R. Cullen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Madamba SM, Damri KN, Dejean LM, Peixoto PM. Mitochondrial Ion Channels in Cancer Transformation. Front Oncol 2015; 5:120. [PMID: 26090338 PMCID: PMC4455240 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer transformation involves reprograming of mitochondrial function to avert cell death mechanisms, monopolize energy metabolism, accelerate mitotic proliferation, and promote metastasis. Mitochondrial ion channels have emerged as promising therapeutic targets because of their connection to metabolic and apoptotic functions. This mini review discusses how mitochondrial channels may be associated with cancer transformation and expands on the possible involvement of mitochondrial protein import complexes in pathophysiological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Madamba
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin N. Damri
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurent M. Dejean
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, California State University Fresno, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Pablo M. Peixoto
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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