1
|
Marastoni D, Magliozzi R, Bolzan A, Pisani AI, Rossi S, Crescenzo F, Montemezzi S, Pizzini FB, Calabrese M. CSF Levels of CXCL12 and Osteopontin as Early Markers of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:8/6/e1083. [PMID: 34588298 PMCID: PMC8482414 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives To evaluate the extent of intrathecal inflammation in patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS) at the time of diagnosis and to define markers and a specific inflammatory profile capable of distinguishing progressive from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods Levels of 34 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the CSF were evaluated at the diagnosis in 16 patients with PPMS and 80 with RRMS. All patients underwent clinical evaluation, including Expanded Disability Status Scale assessment and a 3T brain MRI to detect white matter and cortical lesion number and volume and global and regional cortical thickness. Results Higher levels of CXCL12 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.97, 95% CI [1.34–11.7]) and the monocyte-related osteopontin (OR = 2.24, 95% CI [1.01–4.99]) were detected in patients with PPMS, whereas levels of interleukin-10 (IL10) (OR = 0.28, 95% CI [0.09–0.96]) were significantly increased in those with RRMS. High CXCL12 levels were detected in patients with increased gray matter lesion number and volume (p = 0.001, r = 0.832 and r = 0.821, respectively). Pathway analysis confirmed the chronic inflammatory processes occurring in PPMS. Conclusions At the time of diagnosis, a specific CSF protein profile can recognize the presence of early intrathecal inflammatory processes, possibly stratifying PPMS with respect to RRMS. Elevated CSF levels of CXCL12 and osteopontin suggested a key role of brain innate immunity and glia activity in MS. These molecules could represent useful candidate markers of MS progression, with implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of progressive MS. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class III evidence that CXCL12 and monocyte-related osteopontin may be correlated with PPMS, and IL-10 may be related to RRMS. It is may be correlated due to Bonferroni correction negating the statistical correlations found in the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Marastoni
- From the Department of Neurosciences (D.M., R.M., A.B., A.I.P., F.C., M.C.), Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona; Department of Brain Sciences (R.M.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, UK; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Higher Institute of Health Care, Rome; Neuroradiology & Radiology Units (S.M.), Integrated University Hospital of Verona; and Radiology (F.B.P.), Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - Roberta Magliozzi
- From the Department of Neurosciences (D.M., R.M., A.B., A.I.P., F.C., M.C.), Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona; Department of Brain Sciences (R.M.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, UK; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Higher Institute of Health Care, Rome; Neuroradiology & Radiology Units (S.M.), Integrated University Hospital of Verona; and Radiology (F.B.P.), Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Bolzan
- From the Department of Neurosciences (D.M., R.M., A.B., A.I.P., F.C., M.C.), Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona; Department of Brain Sciences (R.M.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, UK; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Higher Institute of Health Care, Rome; Neuroradiology & Radiology Units (S.M.), Integrated University Hospital of Verona; and Radiology (F.B.P.), Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Isabella Pisani
- From the Department of Neurosciences (D.M., R.M., A.B., A.I.P., F.C., M.C.), Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona; Department of Brain Sciences (R.M.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, UK; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Higher Institute of Health Care, Rome; Neuroradiology & Radiology Units (S.M.), Integrated University Hospital of Verona; and Radiology (F.B.P.), Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Rossi
- From the Department of Neurosciences (D.M., R.M., A.B., A.I.P., F.C., M.C.), Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona; Department of Brain Sciences (R.M.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, UK; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Higher Institute of Health Care, Rome; Neuroradiology & Radiology Units (S.M.), Integrated University Hospital of Verona; and Radiology (F.B.P.), Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Crescenzo
- From the Department of Neurosciences (D.M., R.M., A.B., A.I.P., F.C., M.C.), Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona; Department of Brain Sciences (R.M.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, UK; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Higher Institute of Health Care, Rome; Neuroradiology & Radiology Units (S.M.), Integrated University Hospital of Verona; and Radiology (F.B.P.), Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Montemezzi
- From the Department of Neurosciences (D.M., R.M., A.B., A.I.P., F.C., M.C.), Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona; Department of Brain Sciences (R.M.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, UK; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Higher Institute of Health Care, Rome; Neuroradiology & Radiology Units (S.M.), Integrated University Hospital of Verona; and Radiology (F.B.P.), Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Benedetta Pizzini
- From the Department of Neurosciences (D.M., R.M., A.B., A.I.P., F.C., M.C.), Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona; Department of Brain Sciences (R.M.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, UK; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Higher Institute of Health Care, Rome; Neuroradiology & Radiology Units (S.M.), Integrated University Hospital of Verona; and Radiology (F.B.P.), Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Calabrese
- From the Department of Neurosciences (D.M., R.M., A.B., A.I.P., F.C., M.C.), Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona; Department of Brain Sciences (R.M.), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, UK; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (S.R.), Higher Institute of Health Care, Rome; Neuroradiology & Radiology Units (S.M.), Integrated University Hospital of Verona; and Radiology (F.B.P.), Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Soldan SS, Su C, Lamontagne RJ, Grams N, Lu F, Zhang Y, Gesualdi JD, Frase DM, Tolvinski LE, Martin K, Messick TE, Fingerut JT, Koltsova E, Kossenkov A, Lieberman PM. Epigenetic Plasticity Enables CNS-Trafficking of EBV-infected B Lymphocytes. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009618. [PMID: 34106998 PMCID: PMC8216538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Subpopulations of B-lymphocytes traffic to different sites and organs to provide diverse and tissue-specific functions. Here, we provide evidence that epigenetic differences confer a neuroinvasive phenotype. An EBV+ B cell lymphoma cell line (M14) with low frequency trafficking to the CNS was neuroadapted to generate a highly neuroinvasive B-cell population (MUN14). MUN14 B cells efficiently infiltrated the CNS within one week and produced neurological pathologies. We compared the gene expression profiles of viral and cellular genes using RNA-Seq and identified one viral (EBNA1) and several cellular gene candidates, including secreted phosphoprotein 1/osteopontin (SPP1/OPN), neuron navigator 3 (NAV3), CXCR4, and germinal center-associated signaling and motility protein (GCSAM) that were selectively upregulated in MUN14. ATAC-Seq and ChIP-qPCR revealed that these gene expression changes correlated with epigenetic changes at gene regulatory elements. The neuroinvasive phenotype could be attenuated with a neutralizing antibody to OPN, confirming the functional role of this protein in trafficking EBV+ B cells to the CNS. These studies indicate that B-cell trafficking to the CNS can be acquired by epigenetic adaptations and provide a new model to study B-cell neuroinvasion associated CNS lymphoma and autoimmune disease of the CNS, including multiple sclerosis (MS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S. Soldan
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chenhe Su
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Nicholas Grams
- The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fang Lu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James D. Gesualdi
- The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Drew M. Frase
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lois E. Tolvinski
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kayla Martin
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Troy E. Messick
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Ekaterina Koltsova
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Lieberman
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao J, Jing J, Zhao W, Li X, Hou L, Zheng C, Kong Q, Li W, Yao X, Chang L, Li H, Mu L, Wang G, Wang J. Osteopontin exacerbates the progression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by affecting the differentiation of T cell subsets. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106335. [PMID: 32109680 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional extracellular matrix phosphoprotein that has a specific and complicated structure, and contributes to numerous physiological and pathological activities. The mechanism of OPN in many diseases has been confirmed; however, the role of OPN in myasthenia gravis (MG) remains unclear. In this study, we recombined rat OPN protein in vitro, and assessed how OPN affects the development of autoimmunity using an experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rat model. The results showed that the concentration of OPN in serum was up-regulated. Both mRNA and protein levels in splenocytes increased in the EAMG model. OPN treatment in vitro strongly promoted the differentiation of Th1 cells, and inhibited the differentiation of Treg cells. Intraperitoneal injection of OPN revealed the early incidence of EAMG, and more serious disease. This effect was accompanied by an increased percentage of Th1 cells. In conclusion, OPN likely exacerbates the pathogenesis of EAMG by promoting the differentiation of Th1 cells and inhibiting the differentiation of Treg cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Jia Jing
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Lixuan Hou
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Chunfeng Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Qingfei Kong
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Wenjin Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Xiuhua Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lulu Chang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Hulun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Lili Mu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
| | - Guangyou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dardiotis E, Panayiotou E, Provatas A, Christodoulou K, Hadjisavvas A, Antoniades A, Lourbopoulos A, Pantzaris M, Grigoriadis N, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Kyriakides T. Gene variants of adhesion molecules act as modifiers of disease severity in MS. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2017; 4:e350. [PMID: 28473999 PMCID: PMC5405760 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the potential effect of variants in genes encoding molecules that are implicated in leukocyte trafficking into the CNS on the clinical phenotype of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: A total of 389 Greek MS cases and 336 controls were recruited in 3 MS centers from Cyprus and Greece. We genotyped 147 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 9 genes encoding for P-selectin (SELP), integrins (ITGA4, ITGB1, and ITGB7), adhesion molecules (ICAM1, VCAM1, and MADCAM1), fibronectin 1 (FN1), and osteopontin (SPP1) involved in lymphocyte adhesion and trafficking into the CNS. Clinical end points of the study were age at MS onset and MS severity as measured by the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score. Permutation testing was applied to all analyses. Results: SNPs rs6721763 of the ITGA4 and rs6532040 of the SPP1 were found to significantly influence disease severity (permutation p values: 3.00e-06 and 0.009884, respectively). SNP rs1250249 of the FN1 had a dose-dependent effect on age at disease onset (permutation p value: 0.0002). Conclusions: This study provides evidence implicating variants encoding adhesion molecules, responsible for lymphocyte adhesion and trafficking within the CNS, as modifiers of MS disease severity. These genetic biomarkers, which can be available at the time of diagnosis, may be used to assess the biological aggressiveness of the disease and thus guide decisions on treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efthimios Dardiotis
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elena Panayiotou
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Provatas
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyproula Christodoulou
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athos Antoniades
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Lourbopoulos
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marios Pantzaris
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Kyriakides
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics (E.D., E.P., K.C., A.H., M.P., T.K.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P., G.M.H.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa; Head of Research and Developments (A.A.), Stremble Ventures LTD, Limassol, Cyprus; and 2nd Department of Neurology (A.L., N.G.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mas A, Martínez A, de las Heras V, Bartolomé M, de la Concha EG, Arroyo R, Urcelay E. The 795CT polymorphism in osteopontin gene is not associated with multiple sclerosis in a Spanish population. Mult Scler 2017; 13:250-2. [PMID: 17439891 DOI: 10.1177/1352458506070944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. The dysregulation of the cytokine network is an important component of its pathogenesis. One of the cytokines produced by activated T-cells is osteopontin (OPN). OPN enhances the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma, while reducing interleukin-10 levels. Therefore, OPN is considered a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and could play a key role in MS pathogenesis. The OPN gene contains several common polymorphisms, distributed in two main haplotypes, which may modulate its production or activity. A total of 326 MS patients and 484 healthy controls were typed for 795CT OPN polymorphism. In order to perform a familial study, 51 progenitor pairs were also included. No difference was found in the case-control or family study. This negative finding is inconsistent with a previous haplotype study in an Italian population, where the haplotype associated carried the low-frequency allele in position 795. In a Japanese population, a similar study yielded no association with this polymorphism. In conclusion, our data suggest that the 795 polymorphism does not play an etiological role per se and the haplotype structure may differ from one population to another. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 250–252. http://msj.sagepub.com
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mas
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C Prof Martín Lagos, s/n 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Clemente N, Raineri D, Cappellano G, Boggio E, Favero F, Soluri MF, Dianzani C, Comi C, Dianzani U, Chiocchetti A. Osteopontin Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Autoimmune Diseases. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7675437. [PMID: 28097158 PMCID: PMC5206443 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7675437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) regulates the immune response at multiple levels. Physiologically, it regulates the host response to infections by driving T helper (Th) polarization and acting on both innate and adaptive immunity; pathologically, it contributes to the development of immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. In some cases, the mechanisms of these effects have been described, but many aspects of the OPN function remain elusive. This is in part ascribable to the fact that OPN is a complex molecule with several posttranslational modifications and it may act as either an immobilized protein of the extracellular matrix or a soluble cytokine or an intracytoplasmic molecule by binding to a wide variety of molecules including crystals of calcium phosphate, several cell surface receptors, and intracytoplasmic molecules. This review describes the OPN structure, isoforms, and functions and its role in regulating the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nausicaa Clemente
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Raineri
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Biocenter, Division for Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Favero
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Soluri
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, “A. Avogadro” UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang JL, Nong LG, Tang YJ, Wei YS, Yang FL, Wang CF. Correlation between OPN gene polymorphisms and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Med Oncol 2014; 31:20. [PMID: 24913806 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that osteopontin (OPN) levels are associated with the incidence and development of multiple types of cancer. This study analyzes the correlation between OPN gene variants and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A total of 150 NPC patients and 150 healthy adults were enrolled and divided into NPC and control groups. In both groups, four OPN polymorphisms including rs1126772, rs4754, rs11728697 and rs9138 were quantitatively genotyped by SNaPshot SNP genotyping assay. Allele frequencies of four OPN polymorphisms were compared between two groups. No statistical significance was noted regarding genotype frequency of four OPN polymorphisms between male NPC and healthy subjects (all P > 0.05). Female subjects between two groups significantly differed in terms of genotype frequency of rs1172869 (P = 0.002). No statistical significance was observed in allele frequencies in each of four OPN polymorphisms between two groups (all P > 0.05). For NPC patients, the polymorphisms information content (PIC) ranged from 0.2961 to 0.3584 and 0.3047 to 0.3655 for normal controls. Additionally, rs11728697 had the highest effective number of alleles (Ne), expected heterozygosity (HE) and PIC in two groups. Female subjects in two groups significantly differed in the genotype frequency of rs1172869 while no statistical significance was noted for male counterparts. All subjects in the NPC and control groups had similar allele frequency. All the four OPN polymorphisms were moderately polymorphic. The mean NA, Ne, Ho, He and PIC of each OPN polymorphism in the control group were higher than those in the NPC group without a significant difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-li Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Association between polymorphisms in osteopontin gene (SPP1) and first episode calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Urolithiasis 2013; 41:303-13. [PMID: 23784265 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-013-0582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SPP1 gene are associated with risk of calcium oxalate urolithiasis (COU). We genotyped nine known SNPs in SPP1 gene (rs11739060, rs28357094, rs2728127, rs11730582, rs1126772, rs9138, rs2853744, rs4754=p.Asp80Asp, and rs1126616=p.Ala236Ala). Genomic DNA from 1,026 individuals (n = 342 patients with first episode COU, and n = 684 healthy unrelated controls) was analyzed for nine SPP1 SNPs using polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis by means of a pair of fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes. Serum and urine osteopontin (OPN) levels were also measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. rs9138 AA genotype was protective (OR 0.62, 95 % CI 0.47-0.81; P = 0.004). rs28357094 TT genotype (OR 2.52, 95 % CI 1.74-3.79; P = 0.021), rs2728127 GG genotype (OR 2.64, 95 % CI 1.42-4.81; P = 0.002), and rs2853744 GG genotype (OR 1.68, 95 % CI 1.22-3.87; P = 0.003) were predisposing. None of the other examined SPP1 SNPs was associated with COU susceptibility. Subjects with protective and predisposing polymorphisms had increased and decreased serum levels of OPN, respectively. Urinary calcium/OPN ratios were higher and lower in subjects with predisposing and protective SNPs of SPP1 gene, respectively. Of 28 constructed haplotypes, 6 demonstrated significant association with COU risk. There was no sex difference in the obtained results. The SPP1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the COU susceptibility.
Collapse
|
9
|
Oz HS, Zhong J, de Villiers WJS. Osteopontin ablation attenuates progression of colitis in TNBS model. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:1554-61. [PMID: 22173746 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-2009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION OPN has been implicated in the inflammatory response to Crohn's disease. We hypothesized that OPN deficiency protects against different stages of TNBS-induced colitis in a modified model that mimics Crohn's disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS OPN-deficient and wildtype mice were treated intracolonically with TNBS and euthanized during acute, sub-acute and chronic colitis. RESULTS TNBS-treated wildtype mice developed severe colitis, but OPN-deficient mice were significantly protected. Wildtype mice showed significant infiltration of inflammatory cells including macrophages, and colonic transmural thickening that progressed to strictures, increased matrix collagen deposits (X2 fold), and granuloma formation. These pathological findings were partially attenuated by OPN deficiency. The inflammatory marker, serum amyloid A (SAA), markedly increased in sub-acute stages regardless of OPN status. Conversely, OPN deficiency significantly reduced concentration of SAA in the acute and chronic stages. Secretory OPN was upregulated particularly in acute stage in wildtypes (P < 0.001) and as expected not present in OPN-deficient animals. Flow cytometry analysis of splenic macrophages revealed significant increases in scavenger receptors, macrosialin and F4/80 markers' expression in wildtypes. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the role of OPN in induction of inflammation and establishment of chronic colitis. Therefore, OPN may represent a target for therapeutic intervention in Crohn's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helieh S Oz
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40515-0298, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
As with susceptibility to disease, it is likely that multiple factors interact to influence the phenotype of multiple sclerosis and long-term disease outcomes. Such factors may include genetic factors, socioeconomic status, comorbid diseases, and health behaviors, as well as environmental exposures. An improved understanding of the influence of these factors on disease course may reap several benefits, such as improved prognostication, allowing us to tailor disease management with respect to intensity of disease-modifying therapies and changes in specific health behaviors, in the broad context of coexisting health issues. Such information can facilitate appropriately adjusted comparisons within and between populations. Elucidation of these factors will require careful study of well-characterized populations in which the roles of multiple factors are considered simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ann Marrie
- University of Manitoba, Health Sciences Center, GF-533, 820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Clearance of Propionibacterium acnes by kupffer cells is regulated by osteopontin through modulating the expression of p47phox. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:2019-26. [PMID: 21737140 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.06.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a cytokine with multiple functions, including the regulation of innate immune response. However, the detailed function and mechanism of OPN in host defense against invaded microorganisms remain unclear. In this report, we revealed that OPN could affect the clearance of Propionibacterium acnes in kupffer cells. In a murine model of P. acnes induced hepatic granuloma, OPN-deficient mice or wild-type (WT) mice treated with anti-OPN mAb exhibited more hepatic granuloma formation than WT mice. Increased infiltration of intrahepatic leukocytes, higher expression of TLRs, and significantly upregulated level of proinflammatory cytokines of liver tissue were observed in OPN-deficient mice after P. acnes challenge. Moreover, in vitro assay showed that kupffer cells isolated from OPN(-/-) mice exhibited impairment in clearance of P. acnes. Kupffer cells isolated from OPN(-/-) mice showed reduced level of NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to P. acnes, which was regulated by NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox. Further investigation revealed that OPN interaction with αvβ3 integrin activated PI3K and ERK signal pathways, leading to the expression of p47phox. Taken together, these data demonstrated an important role of OPN in enhancing the antimicrobial innate immune response by modulation of bacterium clearance activity in kupffer cells.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ribner A, Altarescu G, Zimran A, Elstein D. Osteopontin polymorphic susceptibility factor for Parkinson's disease among patients with Gaucher disease. Mov Disord 2011; 26:1341-3. [PMID: 21469198 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increased incidence of Parkinson's disease among obligate carriers of the common glucocerebrosidase mutations, and among patients with Parkinson disease there is an increased number who are carriers of glucocerebrosidase mutations. A Gaucher mutation is considered a susceptibility factor for Parkinson's disease. Osteopontin single-nucleotide polymorphism-66 is associated with Lewy body disease and considered a susceptibility factor. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether Gaucher patients with parkinsonism carry the osteopontin single-nucleotide polymorphism-66 polymorphic genotype TT to a greater extent than other Gaucher patients. METHODS Seventy adult patients with at least 1 allele having the common N370S Gaucher mutation including 10 patients with Parkinson's disease were included. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in incidence of the TT genotype in patients with clinically symptomatic Parkinson's disease (88.9%) and other Gaucher patients (72.1%). CONCLUSIONS This may partly explain the increased incidence of Parkinson's disease associated with Gaucher mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avigayil Ribner
- Gaucher Clinic, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Goncalves DaSilva A, Liaw L, Yong VW. Cleavage of osteopontin by matrix metalloproteinase-12 modulates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease in C57BL/6 mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:1448-58. [PMID: 20651245 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A role for osteopontin (OPN) in promoting disease activity of multiple sclerosis or its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has recently been suggested. As the biological activity of OPN is heavily influenced by posttranslational processing, we investigated the capacity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 to cleave OPN and determined whether this influenced disease activity. We found that OPN mRNA and protein expression in the spinal cord increased with EAE disease in C57BL/6 mice concurrently with MMP-12 expression. A Western blot of EAE and control spinal cords revealed different OPN-immunoreactive bands, with a pattern that was similar to MMP-12 cleavage of recombinant OPN in vitro. In addition, OPN fragments in the spinal cord of EAE-afflicted mice were reduced in MMP-12(-/-) mice compared with wild-type controls. However, examination of OPN(-/-) mice in short- and long-term experiments revealed no difference in EAE outcomes from wild-type animals. OPN/MMP-12 double null mice were generated, and it was revealed that MMP-12(-/-) mice had a worsening of disease compared with wild-type mice, which returned to wild-type levels in the OPN/MMP-12 double null mice. These results suggest that EAE disease activity may be modulated by the cleavage of OPN by MMP-12.
Collapse
|
15
|
Slavin A, Kelly-Modis L, Labadia M, Ryan K, Brown ML. Pathogenic mechanisms and experimental models of multiple sclerosis. Autoimmunity 2010; 43:504-13. [DOI: 10.3109/08916931003674733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
16
|
Cénit MC, Alcina A, Márquez A, Mendoza JL, Díaz-Rubio M, de las Heras V, Izquierdo G, Arroyo R, Fernández O, de la Concha EG, Matesanz F, Urcelay E. STAT3 locus in inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis susceptibility. Genes Immun 2010; 11:264-8. [PMID: 20200543 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2010.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling is a critical component of Th17-dependent autoimmune processes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed the role of the STAT3 gene in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility, although confirmation in clinical subphenotypes is warranted. Mice with targeted deletion of Stat3 in T cells are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is a multiple sclerosis (MS) model. Moreover, increased phosphorylated STAT3 was reported in T cells of patients evolving from clinically isolated syndrome to defined MS and in relapsing patients. These evidences led us to analyze the role of STAT3 in Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and MS risk. Polymorphisms in the STAT3 region (rs3809758/rs744166/rs1026916/rs12948909) were genotyped and the inferred haplotypes were subsequently analyzed in 860 IBD and 1540 MS Spanish patients and 1720 ethnically matched controls. The haplotype conformed by the risk alleles of each polymorphism was significantly associated with both clinical phenotypes of IBD (CD: P=0.005, odds ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.46; and UC: P=0.002, odds ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.38). No evidence of association was detected for MS. The originally described association of IBD with STAT3 polymorphisms is corroborated for the two clinical phenotypes, CD and UC, in an independent population. A major role of this gene in MS seems unlikely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Cénit
- Immunology Department, Hospital Clínico S Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Two thirds of patients with multiple sclerosis have the relapsing-remitting form, which often progresses to more debilitating disease. Striking clinical recovery, termed remission, often follows these periodic neurological defects, termed relapses. Recent work has revealed the role of three key molecules in relapse and remission: alpha4beta1 integrin (also known as VLA4) is an adhesion molecule that mediates T cell migration from the blood into the brain; osteopontin binds to alpha4beta1 integrin, stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting apoptosis; and alphaB crystallin inhibits inflammation in the brain. This Review discusses how this molecular trio interacts to initiate relapses (in the case of osteopontin and alpha4beta1 integrin) and then to terminate them as remissions in multiple sclerosis (in the case of alphaB crystallin).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen M, Chen G, Nie H, Zhang X, Niu X, Zang YCQ, Skinner SM, Zhang JZ, Killian JM, Hong J. Regulatory effects of IFN-beta on production of osteopontin and IL-17 by CD4+ T Cells in MS. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:2525-36. [PMID: 19670379 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IFN-beta currently serves as one of the major treatments for MS. Its anti-inflammatory mechanism has been reported as involving a shift in cytokine balance from Th1 to Th2 in the T-cell response against elements of the myelin sheath. In addition to the Th1 and Th2 groups, two other important pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-17 and osteopontin (OPN), are believed to play important roles in CNS inflammation in the pathogenesis of MS. In this study, we examined the potential effects of IFN-beta on the regulation of OPN and IL-17 in MS patients. We found that IFN-beta used in vitro at 0.5-3 ng/mL significantly inhibited the production of OPN in primary T cells derived from PBMC. The inhibition of OPN was determined to occur at the CD4(+) T-cell level. In addition, IFN-beta inhibited the production of IL-17 and IL-21 in CD4(+) T cells. It has been described that IFN-beta suppresses IL-17 production through the inhibition of a monocytic cytokine, the intracellular translational isoform of OPN. Our further investigation demonstrated that IFN-beta also acted directly on the CD4(+) T cells to regulate OPN and IL-17 expression through the type I IFN receptor-mediated activation of STAT1 and suppression of STAT3 activity. Administration of IFN-beta to EAE mice ameliorated the disease severity. Furthermore, spinal cord infiltration of OPN(+) and IL-17(+) cells decreased in IFN-beta-treated EAE mice along with decreases in serum levels of OPN and IL-21. Importantly, decreased OPN production by IFN-beta treatment contributes to the reduced migratory activity of T cells. Taken together, the results from both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that IFN-beta treatment can down-regulate the OPN and IL-17 production in MS. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of action of IFN-beta in the treatment of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyue Chen
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Department of Neurology and Baylor Multiple Sclerosis Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Elevated plasma osteopontin level is associated with occurrence of psoriasis and is an unfavorable cardiovascular risk factor in patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 60:225-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Marciano R, D'Annunzio G, Minuto N, Pasquali L, Santamaria A, Di Duca M, Ravazzolo R, Lorini R. Association of alleles at polymorphic sites in the Osteopontin encoding gene in young type 1 diabetic patients. Clin Immunol 2009; 131:84-91. [PMID: 19138884 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The Osteopontin (OPN) encoding gene, SPP1, can be considered as a candidate for genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) because of its known function in immune response and inflammation. This work aimed to evaluate the role of SPP1 gene in susceptibility to T1D. Patients (238: 130 male, 108 female) and unaffected adult control individuals (137: 68 males and 69 females) have been genotyped for three variants in the SPP1 gene: -156 (G/GG) and -66 (T/G) in the promoter and a biallelic ins/del variant (TG/TGTG) at +245 in the first intron. The G allele at the -66 SNP had significantly higher frequency in controls than T1D patients. Interestingly, case-control comparison in males showed no significant association, whereas the association was confirmed in females. These results suggest that SPP1 can play a role as susceptibility gene, possibly by a sex-specific mechanism acting in the autoimmune process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Marciano
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Altintaş A, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Benbir G, Demir M, Purisa S. The role of osteopontin: a shared pathway in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and osteoporosis? J Neurol Sci 2008; 276:41-4. [PMID: 18845306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) was suggested to have a role in the pathophysiology of MS and in bone metabolism. However, we formerly reported increased presence of osteoporosis in MS patients independent of corticosteroid treatment, there is only limited information about the mechanism of bone loss. In this study, we investigated the role of OPN on bone mineral density in MS patients. Thirty-three relapsing-remitting (RR), 12 secondary progressive (SP), and 5 primary progressive (PP) MS patients and 30 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. Students' t test, chi-square test, and Pearson correlations were used. The mean OPN level was 155.4+/-81.8 ng/ml in controls, and 15.9+/-36.2 ng/ml in MS patients (p<0.001).No statistical difference was observed among RR, SP and PPMS patients (p=0.162). No relationship was found between OPN levels and age at onset of disease (p=0.830), gender (p=0.785), MS subtypes (p=0.330), disease duration (p=0.744), or EDSS scores (p=0.633).About 34% of MS patients versus 10.3% of controls had osteoporosis (p=0.017).Osteopontin levels showed no significant correlation with osteoporosis in controls, but were lower in MS patients with osteoporosis in femur neck (r=0.85, p=0.010).The cumulative dose of corticosteroid treatment did not correlate with OPN levels (p=0.285).In conclusion, our results suggest that OPN may have a role as a shared cytokine in pathogenesis of MS and osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Altintaş
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ramagopalan SV, Deluca GC, Degenhardt A, Ebers GC. The genetics of clinical outcome in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 201-202:183-99. [PMID: 18632165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), the clinical course of which varies considerably between patients. Genetic complexity and interactions with as yet unknown environmental factors have hindered researchers from fully elucidating the aetiology of the disease. In addition to influencing disease susceptibility, epidemiological evidence suggests that genetic factors may affect phenotypic expression of the disease. Genes that affect clinical outcome may be more effective therapeutic targets than those which determine susceptibility. We present in this review a comprehensive survey of the genes (both MHC- and non-MHC-related) that have been investigated for their role in disease outcome in MS. Recent studies implicating the role of the genotype and epistatic interactions in the MHC in determining outcome are highlighted.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao L, Li T, Wang Y, Pan Y, Ning H, Hui X, Xie H, Wang J, Han Y, Liu Z, Fan D. Elevated plasma osteopontin level is predictive of cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis B infection. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62:1056-62. [PMID: 17537188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) was shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and fibrotic processes and elevated in fibrotic liver of mouse model. However, the significance of OPN in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced liver cirrhosis (LC) remains unclear and is therefore evaluated in this study. METHODS Thirty-nine patients with HBV-induced LC, 30 patients with HBV infection but without cirrhosis, 11 patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 14 additional healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Plasma levels of OPN were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the relationship between OPN and clinical parameters was evaluated. RESULTS When compared to HBV infection group (median 2.16 ng/ml), plasma levels of OPN were significantly increased in cirrhosis (4.52 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and cancer group (13.38 ng/ml, p < 0.001). The OPN level was correlated with the severity of liver damage according to Child-Pugh classification (p = 0.003). It showed at least comparable sensitivity and specificity to predict cirrhosis as aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, a previously established non-invasive serum marker of cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that OPN could be used to evaluate the existence of LC, as OPN has previously been reported to be increased in the HCC; this unique feature makes OPN a promising candidate for prediction biomarker in the long-time surveillance of patients with HBV infection to evaluate the risk of cirrhosis and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Institute of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Beijing, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disease caused by an autoimmune attack to the central nervous system (CNS). MS is thought to result from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. In this review we analyze the contribution of genomics, trancriptomics and proteomics in delineating these factors, as well as their utility for the monitoring of disease progression, the identification of new targets for therapeutic intervention and the early detection of individuals at risk.
Collapse
|
25
|
Osteopontin gene polymorphism in association with systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200712010-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
26
|
Lopatinskaya L, Zwemmer J, Uitdehaag B, Lucas K, Polman C, Nagelkerken L. Mediators of apoptosis Fas and FasL predict disability progression in multiple sclerosis over a period of 10 years. Mult Scler 2007; 12:704-9. [PMID: 17262997 DOI: 10.1177/1352458506070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TNF-alpha, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-beta1, CCR3, CXCR3, CCR5, Fas and FasL mRNA levels in PBMC of 25 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were quantified at baseline by real-time PCR according to a post-hoc study design. The baseline values of the different markers were analysed with respect to their correlation with the increase in disability over a period of 10 years. High levels of Fas mRNA were associated with a favourable disease course in relapsing-remitting (RR) MS (R2 = 0.74, P = 0.0001, n = 13), as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS); high levels of FasL mRNA were associated with relatively mild disease progression (R2 = 0.86, P = 0.0001, n =12) in secondary progressive (SP) MS. These findings suggest that Fas-mediated apoptosis plays a major role in the mechanism underlying long-term disease progression in MS.:
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Lopatinskaya
- Division of Biomedical Research, TNO Quality of Life, P.O. Box 2215, 2301 CE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tanino Y, Hizawa N, Konno S, Fukui Y, Takahashi D, Maeda Y, Huang SK, Nishimura M. Sequence variants of the secreted phosphoprotein 1 gene are associated with total serum immunoglobulin E levels in a Japanese population. Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 36:219-25. [PMID: 16433860 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is a cytokine with pleiotrophic immunological activities, including activation of macrophage chemotaxis and T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune responses. SPP1 gene polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with several immune inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), which is characterized by fewer allergic symptoms and lower numbers of allergen sensitizations. OBJECTIVE The present study examined whether SPP1 gene polymorphisms are associated with total serum IgE levels, atopy and asthma in a Japanese population. METHODS This case-control association analysis examined 611 subjects, including 268 subjects with asthma. We genotyped three promoter and two exon polymorphisms at SPP1: -1687A/G; -381T/C; -94 deletion/G; 5891C/T; and 7052T/C. Results Association analyses of SPP1 polymorphisms showed that homozygosities for the 5891T allele (P=0.009) and 7052C allele (P=0.001) were significantly associated with increased levels of total IgE in non-asthmatic subjects. However, these variants were not associated with asthma and atopy. Interestingly, individuals carrying the 5891C allele, which is more prevalent in patients with MS in Japanese populations, displayed significantly lower levels of total serum IgE. Individuals homozygous for the 7052C allele, which is associated with development of systemic lupus erythematosus, displayed significantly higher total serum IgE levels. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms in SPP1 may play a role in controlling basal levels of total serum IgE, independent of atopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Tanino
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhong J, Eckhardt ERM, Oz HS, Bruemmer D, de Villiers WJS. Osteopontin deficiency protects mice from Dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006; 12:790-6. [PMID: 16917234 DOI: 10.1097/00054725-200608000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN), a secreted glycoprotein that promotes TH1 immune responses, is involved in several inflammatory conditions. Recently, OPN plasma levels have been demonstrated to be elevated in patients with Crohn's disease. From this evidence, we investigated in the present study whether OPN deficiency protects mice against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colitis was induced in OPN -/- mice and matched wild-type Black Swiss control mice by adding 3.5% DSS to their drinking water. Disease progression was evaluated for 10 days by measuring body weight, stool consistency, rectal bleeding, colon lengths, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Levels of the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A, O PN, the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were measured in the serum and, in the case of IL-10 and IL-12, in supernatants from colonic explants at the end of treatment. RESULTS After DSS treatment, OPN -/- mice exhibited significantly decreased disease activity compared with wild-type mice, as evidenced by reduced rectal bleeding, weight loss, and histological intestinal injury (P < 0.002). Furthermore, serum levels of serum amyloid A and IL-6 increased to a lesser extent (P < 0.001), which also was the case for the release of IL-12 by colonic explants (P < 0.01). The release of IL-10 by colonic explants, however, was increased (P < 0.01). Serum levels of IL-10 and IL-12 were not affected by DSS treatment in both wild-type and OPN-/- mice. Macrophage infiltration into inflamed colonic tissue also was markedly attenuated in DSS-treated OPN -/- mice compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that OPN deficiency significantly protected mice from colitis by attenuating the TH1 response and macrophage chemotaxis. OPN may represent a novel attractive target for pharmacological treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhong
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0084, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Marciano R, Giacopelli F, Divizia MT, Gattorno M, Felici E, Pistorio A, Martini A, Ravazzolo R, Picco P. A polymorphic variant inside the osteopontin gene shows association with disease course in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:662-5. [PMID: 16150788 PMCID: PMC1798121 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.040626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligoarticular onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has a variable disease course. In some patients the disease remains confined to a few joints (persistent oligoarticular) while in others it extends to affect more joints (oligoarticular extended). Osteopontin is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a polymorphic variant in the human osteopontin gene, which is in linkage disequilibrium with recently characterised promoter variants, is associated with the disease course in oligoarticular JIA. METHODS Genotyping of the two base pair insertion/deletion variant at +245 in the first intron was undertaken by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA fragments, using a fluorescently labelled primer, followed by allele detection after rapid separation of PCR products on an automated DNA sequencer. RESULTS Allele 2 of the polymorphic variant in the osteopontin first intron was significantly associated with the persistent oligoarticular form rather than the extended form of JIA. This was verified at the level of genotype and allele frequencies. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that osteopontin gene polymorphism is associated with the disease course in oligoarticular JIA and might therefore represent a useful genetic marker to characterise patients with oligoarticular JIA who are at risk of a worse outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Marciano
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, G Gaslini Institute, Largo G Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Compelling epidemiologic and molecular data indicate that genes play a primary role in determining who is at risk for developing multiple sclerosis (MS), how the disease progresses, and how someone responds to therapy. The genetic component of MS etiology is believed to result from the action of allelic variants in several genes. Their incomplete penetrance and moderate individual effect probably reflects epistatic interactions, post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, and significant environmental influences. Equally significant, it is also likely that locus heterogeneity exists, whereby specific genes influence susceptibility and pathogenesis in some individuals but not in others. With the aid of novel analytical algorithms, the combined study of genomic, transcriptional, proteomic, and phenotypic information in well-controlled study groups will define a useful conceptual model of pathogenesis and a framework for understanding the mechanisms of action of existing therapies for this disorder, as well as the rationale for novel curative strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Oksenberg
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abel B, Freigang S, Bachmann MF, Boschert U, Kopf M. Osteopontin Is Not Required for the Development of Th1 Responses and Viral Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:6006-13. [PMID: 16237095 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.9.6006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) has been defined as a key cytokine promoting the release of IL-12 and hence inducing the development of protective cell-mediated immunity to viruses and intracellular pathogens. To further characterize the role of OPN in antiviral immunity, OPN-deficient (OPN-/-) mice were analyzed after infection with influenza virus and vaccinia virus. Surprisingly, we found that viral clearance, lung inflammation, and recruitment of effector T cells to the lung were unaffected in OPN-/- mice after influenza infection. Furthermore, effector status of T cells was normal as demonstrated by normal IFN-gamma production and CTL lytic activity. Moreover, activation and Th1 differentiation of naive TCR transgenic CD4+ T cells by dendritic cells and cognate Ag was normal in the absence of OPN in vitro. Contrary to a previous report, we found that OPN-/- mice mounted a normal immune response to Listeria monocytogenes. In conclusion, OPN is dispensable for antiviral immune responses against influenza virus and vaccinia virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Abel
- Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, and
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Miyazaki T, Ono M, Qu WM, Zhang MC, Mori S, Nakatsuru S, Nakamura Y, Sawasaki T, Endo Y, Nose M. Implication of allelic polymorphism of osteopontin in the development of lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:1510-20. [PMID: 15832294 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200425672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Potentially, autoimmune diseases develop from a combination of multiple genes with allelic polymorphisms. An MRL/Mp-Fas(lpr) (/) (lpr) (MRL/lpr) strain of mice develops autoimmune diseases, including lupus nephritis, but another lpr strain, C3H/HeJ-Fas(lpr) (/) (lpr) (C3H/lpr) does not. This indicates that MRL polymorphic genes are involved in the development of the diseases. By quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using 527 of the (MRL/lpr x C3H/lpr)F(2) mice, we identified a novel locus for susceptibility to lupus nephritis at map position D5Mit115 on chromosome 5, the same alias of the osteopontin (Opn) gene (LOD score =4.0), susceptible in the MRL allele. In functional analyses of the MRL and C3H Opn alleles using synthetic osteopontin (OPN) made with a new method "cell-free system" with wheat germ ribosomes, the MRL-OPN induced higher expression and production of immunoglobulins as well as cytokines including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma in splenocytes and/or macrophages than that of the C3H allele. These findings suggest that allelic polymorphism of OPN causes the functional differences in antibody production and macrophage activation between MRL and C3H strains, possibly involved in the development of lupus nephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Miyazaki
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Whitington PF, Malladi P, Melin-Aldana H, Azzam R, Mack CL, Sahai A. Expression of osteopontin correlates with portal biliary proliferation and fibrosis in biliary atresia. Pediatr Res 2005; 57:837-44. [PMID: 15845635 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000161414.99181.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The acquired or perinatal form of biliary atresia is a Th1 fibro-inflammatory disease affecting both the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts. Osteopontin (OPN) is a Th1 cytokine implicated in several fibro-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We examined the expression of OPN in acquired biliary atresia in comparison to normal liver and several pediatric cholestatic liver diseases. We also assessed OPN expression by cultured human bile duct epithelial cells. We found that liver OPN mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased in biliary atresia versus normal and other cholestatic diseases. OPN expression in biliary atresia was localized to epithelium of proliferating biliary structures (ductules and/or ducts) and bile plugs contained therein. No portal biliary OPN expression could be demonstrated in normal liver, syndromic biliary atresia, biliary obstruction not due to biliary atresia, and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis. OPN expression by human bile duct epithelial cells in culture was responsive to IL-2 and TNF-alpha. Our results demonstrate an up-regulation of OPN expression by interlobular biliary epithelium in biliary atresia, which correlates with biliary proliferation and portal fibrosis. These findings suggest a role for OPN in the pathogenesis of biliary atresia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Whitington
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sinclair C, Mirakhur M, Kirk J, Farrell M, McQuaid S. Up-regulation of osteopontin and alphaBeta-crystallin in the normal-appearing white matter of multiple sclerosis: an immunohistochemical study utilizing tissue microarrays. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2005; 31:292-303. [PMID: 15885066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2004.00638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue microarrays assembled from control and multiple sclerosis (MS) brain tissue have been used to assess the expression patterns and cellular distribution of two antigens, the proinflammatory cytokine osteopontin and the inducible heat shock protein alphaBeta-crystallin, which have previously been implicated in MS pathogenesis. Tissue cores were taken from paraffin-embedded donor blocks containing chronic active or chronic inactive plaques and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in seven MS cases, and white matter (WM) in five control cases. Expression patterns of both proteins were assessed against myelin density and microglial activation in the different tissue categories. Both proteins showed increased expression in all categories of MS tissue compared with control WM. The results indicate progressive up-regulation of expression of osteopontin with increased plaque activity, while elevation of alphaBeta-crystallin expression in MS tissue was independent of demyelination. In MS NAWM a significant correlation was observed between high levels of expression of osteopontin and alphaBeta-crystallin. Osteopontin expression was predominantly confined to astrocytes throughout MS tissues. alphaBeta-crystallin was expressed on astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and occasionally on demyelinated axons. Taken together, these data indicate a wider distribution of osteopontin and alphaBeta-crystallin in MS tissues than previously described and support their proposed role in MS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sinclair
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Institute of Pathology, Royal Group of Hospitals Trust, Belfast BT12 6BL, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
The genetic analysis of common neurological disorders will be a difficult and protracted endeavour. Genetics is only one of many disciplines that will be required but it has already thrown considerable light on the aetiology of several major neurological disorders through the analysis of rare inherited subgroups. The identification of individual susceptibility genes with variants of smaller effect will be more difficult but there is no sharp demarcation between large and small genetic effects, so that many new and important insights will emerge using existing and new technologies. The availability of improved neuroimaging, better animal models of disease and new genetic tools, such as high-throughput gene chips, expression microarrays and proteomics, are extending the range of traditional genetic mapping tools. Finally, an understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that restrain the differentiation and integration of human neural stem cells into mature neuronal networks could have a major impact on clinical practice. These approaches will be illustrated in the context of Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and synucleinopathies, tauopathies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chiocchetti A, Comi C, Indelicato M, Castelli L, Mesturini R, Bensi T, Mazzarino MC, Giordano M, D'Alfonso S, Momigliano-Richiardi P, Liguori M, Zorzon M, Amoroso A, Trojano M, Monaco F, Leone M, Magnani C, Dianzani U. Osteopontin gene haplotypes correlate with multiple sclerosis development and progression. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 163:172-8. [PMID: 15885319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is an inflammatory cytokine highly expressed in multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques. In a previous work, we showed that four OPN polymorphisms form three haplotypes (A, B, and C) and that homozygotes for haplotype-A display lower OPN levels than non-AA subjects. In this work, we evaluated the distribution of these OPN haplotypes in 425 MS patients and 688 controls. Haplotype-A homozygotes had about 1.5 lower risk of developing MS than non-AA subjects. Clinical analysis of 288 patients showed that AA patients displayed slower switching from a relapsing remitting to a secondary progressive form and milder disease with slower evolution of disability. MS patients displayed increased OPN serum levels, which were partly due to the increased frequency of non-AA subjects. Moreover in AA patients, OPN levels were higher than in AA controls and similar to those found in both non-AA patients and controls, which suggests a role of the activated immune response. These data suggest that OPN genotypes may influence MS development and progression due to their influence on OPN levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD) and Department of Medical Sciences, A. Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Comabella M, Pericot I, Goertsches R, Nos C, Castillo M, Blas Navarro J, Río J, Montalban X. Plasma osteopontin levels in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 158:231-9. [PMID: 15589058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2004] [Revised: 08/16/2004] [Accepted: 09/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a pleiotropic integrin binding protein with functions in cell-mediated immunity, inflammation, tissue repair, and cell survival. Recent studies have shown that OPN may play an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we investigated the plasma levels of OPN in 221 MS patients and 36 healthy controls using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. The MS group comprised of 71 patients with primary and transitional progressive MS (PP/TP-MS), 35 patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and 115 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)[46 patients during clinical remission, 26 patients during relapse, and 43 patients treated with interferon-beta (IFNbeta)]. Levels of OPN in plasma were elevated in SPMS patients compared with healthy controls, RRMS patients in remission, and PP/TP-MS patients. Patients with RRMS during relapse presented higher OPN levels than patients with RRMS during clinical remission. When MS patients were classified based on progression of neurological disability, an inverse relation between levels of OPN and disability progression was observed only in patients with relapsing MS. In RRMS patients receiving therapy with IFNbeta, OPN plasma levels were similar to RRMS patients during remission. These findings suggest that OPN is involved in both acute and chronic disease activity, thus expanding the role of OPN in MS pathogenesis suggested by previous studies. Furthermore, the different profiles of OPN levels found in acute relapses and chronic progression and its apparent lack of influence in primary progressive MS phenotypes raise interesting questions on the actual role of OPN in the pathogenesis of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Comabella
- Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Escola d'Infermeria 2a planta, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Lock
- Department of Neurology, Palo Alto Medical Clinic, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Soldan SS, Alvarez Retuerto AI, Sicotte NL, Voskuhl RR. Dysregulation of IL-10 and IL-12p40 in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 146:209-15. [PMID: 14698865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a putative T helper 1 (Th-1) mediated inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, and levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been found to correlate with changes in MS relapses. However, it is unclear if cytokine profiles differ between relapsing-remitting (RRMS) versus secondary progressive (SPMS) disease stages. Cytokine production (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p40, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma) was assessed by cytometric bead array (CBA) and intracellular cytokine staining from alphaCD3 antibody and mitogen stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from female RRMS and SPMS patients, and healthy controls. Significantly increased production of IL-12p40 and decreased production of IL-10 were observed in SPMS patients. Differences in immune responsiveness in RRMS and SPMS are important in the understanding of the evolution of the immunopathogenesis of the disease and for the development of disease type specific treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Soldan
- Department of Neurology, Reed Neurological Research Center, University of California School of Medicine, 750 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Large-scale analyses of messenger RNA transcripts and autoantibody responses, taken from the actual sites of disease, provide us with an unprecedented view of the complexity of autoimmunity. Despite an appreciation of the large number of pathways and pathological processes that are involved in these diseases, a few practical targets and several new strategies have emerged from these studies. This review focuses on multiple sclerosis and on the approaches that are being used to identify new targets that might be manipulated to control this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Steinman
- Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine B002, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|