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Rockstrom M, Lutz R, Dickeson K, O'Rorke EV, Narita M, Amram O, Chan ED. Fulminant pulmonary tuberculosis in a previously healthy young woman from the Marshall Islands: Potential risk factors. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2023; 31:100351. [PMID: 36923241 PMCID: PMC10009541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A 19-year-old woman originally from the Republic of the Marshall Islands presented with diffuse pneumonia and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. She dies one month into her hospitalization but the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was not made until one day before her demise. A contact investigation screened a total of 155 persons with 36 (23%) found to have latent TB infection and seven (4.5%) with active pulmonary TB. This unfortunate case provided the opportunity to analyze the epidemiology of TB in the state of Washington in the context of those who emigrated from the Marshall Islands. The development of fulminant pulmonary TB in this previously healthy young woman also provides a segue to discuss potential risk factors for TB in the index case that include: (i) foreign-born in a TB-endemic country; (ii) race and genetic factors; (iii) age; (iv) body habitus; (v) pregnancy; and (vi) use of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rockstrom
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert Lutz
- Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, WA, United States
| | - Katie Dickeson
- Spokane Regional Health District, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Erin V O'Rorke
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Masahiro Narita
- Public Health - Seattle & King County Public Health, and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ofer Amram
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Edward D Chan
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.,Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
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Mhmoud NA. Association of Toll-like Receptors 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 10 Genes Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Sudanese Patients. Immunotargets Ther 2023; 12:47-75. [PMID: 37051380 PMCID: PMC10085002 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s404915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic factors are important contributors to the development of a wide range of complex disease. Polymorphisms in genes encoding for toll-like receptors (TLRs) usually influence the efficiency of the immune response to infection and are associated with disease susceptibility and progression. Therefore, we aim to describe the first association between TLR1, TLR2, TLR4 TLR6, TLR8, TLR9 and TLR10 genes polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Sudanese patients. Methodology Here we performed a case study which included 160 tuberculosis patients and 220 healthy matched controls from Sudan. In the study population, we evaluated the possible association between 86 markers in TLR1, TLR2, TLR4 TLR6, TLR8, TLR9 and TLR10 genes polymorphisms and susceptibility to PTB disease in Sudanese population using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results From our results it appeared that in the PTB population the TLR1 (rs5743557, rs4833095, rs5743596), TLR2 (rs5743704, rs5743708, rs3804099), TLR4 (rs4986790, rs4986791), TLR6 (rs5743810), TLR8 (rs3764879, rs3764880), TLR9 (rs352165, rs352167, rs187084) and TLR10 (rs4129009) were significantly more often encountered (p<0.0001) than in the control population and were associated with PTB in the Sudanese population. For the other polymorphisms tested, no association with PTB was found in the population tested. Conclusion The work describes novel mutations in TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, TLR8, TLR9 and TLR10 genes and their association with PTB infection in Sudanese population. These results will enhance our ability to determine the risk of developing the disease by targeting specific TLR pathways to reduce the severity of the disease. Future studies are needed in a larger sample to replicate our findings and understand the mechanism of association of TLR polymorphism in PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwa A Mhmoud
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Correspondence: Najwa A Mhmoud, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan, Fax +249-83-383590, Email
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McHenry ML, Williams SM, Stein CM. Genetics and evolution of tuberculosis pathogenesis: New perspectives and approaches. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 81:104204. [PMID: 31981609 PMCID: PMC7192760 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the most lethal infectious disease globally, but the vast majority of people who are exposed to the primary causative pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), do not develop active disease. Most people do, however, show signs of infection that remain throughout their lifetimes. In this review, we develop a framework that describes several possible transitions from pathogen exposure to TB disease and reflect on the genetics studies to address many of these. The evidence strongly supports a human genetic component for both infection and active disease, but many of the existing studies, including some of our own, do not clearly delineate what transition(s) is being explicitly examined. This can make interpretation difficult in terms of why only some people develop active disease. Nonetheless, both linkage peaks and associations with either active disease or latent infection have been identified. For transition to active disease, pathways defined as active TB altered T and B cell signaling in rheumatoid arthritis and T helper cell differentiation are significantly associated. Pathways that affect transition from exposure to infection are less clear-cut, as studies of this phenotype are less common, and a primary response, if it exists, is not yet well defined. Lastly, we discuss the role that interaction between the MTB lineage and human genetics can play in TB disease, especially severity. Severity of TB is at present the only way to study putative co-evolution between MTB and humans as it is impossible in the absence of disease to know the MTB lineage(s) to which an individual has been exposed. In addition, even though severity has been defined in multiple heterogeneous ways, it appears that MTB-human co-evolution may shape pathogenicity. Further analysis of co-evolution, requiring careful analysis of paired samples, may be the best way to completely assess the genetic basis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L McHenry
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
| | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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4
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Dallmann-Sauer M, Correa-Macedo W, Schurr E. Human genetics of mycobacterial disease. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:523-538. [PMID: 30116885 PMCID: PMC6132723 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial diseases are caused by members of the genus Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacteria characterized by the presence of mycolic acids within their cell walls. Claiming almost 2 million lives every year, tuberculosis (TB) is the most common mycobacterial disease and is caused by infection with M. tuberculosis and, in rare cases, by M. bovis or M. africanum. The second and third most common mycobacterial diseases are leprosy and buruli ulcer (BU), respectively. Both diseases affect the skin and can lead to permanent sequelae and deformities. Leprosy is caused by the uncultivable M. leprae while the etiological agent of BU is the environmental bacterium M. ulcerans. After exposure to these mycobacterial species, a majority of individuals will not progress to clinical disease and, among those who do, inter-individual variability in disease manifestation and outcome can be observed. Susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases carries a human genetic component and intense efforts have been applied over the past decades to decipher the exact nature of the genetic factors controlling disease susceptibility. While for BU this search was mostly conducted on the basis of candidate genes association studies, genome-wide approaches have been widely applied for TB and leprosy. In this review, we summarize some of the findings achieved by genome-wide linkage, association and transcriptome analyses in TB disease and leprosy and the recent genetic findings for BU susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dallmann-Sauer
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wilian Correa-Macedo
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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5
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Fine-mapping analysis of a chromosome 2 region linked to resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Uganda reveals potential regulatory variants. Genes Immun 2018; 20:473-483. [PMID: 30100616 PMCID: PMC6374218 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-018-0040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health burden worldwide, and more effective treatment is sorely needed. Consequently, uncovering causes of resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is of special importance for vaccine design. Resistance to Mtb infection can be defined by a persistently negative tuberculin skin test (PTST-) despite living in close and sustained exposure to an active TB case. While susceptibility to Mtb is, in part, genetically determined, relatively little work has been done to uncover genetic factors underlying resistance to Mtb infection. We examined a region on chromosome 2q previously implicated in our genomewide linkage scan by a targeted, high-density association scan for genetic variants enhancing PTST- in two independent Ugandan TB household cohorts (n = 747 and 471). We found association with SNPs in neighboring genes ZEB2 and GTDC1 (peak meta p = 1.9 × 10-5) supported by both samples. Bioinformatic analysis suggests these variants may affect PTST- by regulating the histone deacetylase (HDAC) pathway, supporting previous results from transcriptomic analyses. An apparent protective effect of PTST- against body-mass wasting suggests a link between resistance to Mtb infection and healthy body composition. Our results provide insight into how humans may escape latent Mtb infection despite heavy exposure.
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Hsieh MH, Ou CY, Hsieh WY, Kao HF, Lee SW, Wang JY, Wu LSH. Functional Analysis of Genetic Variations in Surfactant Protein D in Mycobacterial Infection and Their Association With Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1543. [PMID: 30013576 PMCID: PMC6036787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins (SPs)-A and -D are C-type lectins of the collectin family and function in the clearance of infectious particles in the lungs. Some polymorphisms of SPs that give rise to amino acid changes have been found to affect their function. Several SP-A gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with respiratory infection diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB). However, the relationship between surfactant proteins D (SP-D) polymorphisms and TB is still unclear. To study the associations between SP-D polymorphisms and TB, the correlations of SP-D polymorphisms with TB were examined in a case-control study, which included 364 patients with TB and 177 control subjects. In addition, we cloned two major SP-D exonic polymorphism C92T (rs721917) and A538G (rs2243639) constructs and used these for in vitro assays. The effects of SP-D polymorphisms on agglutination and other interactions with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (M. bovis BCG) were evaluated. In comparison with SP-D 92C (amino acid residue 16, Threonine), our results showed that SP-D 92T (amino acid residue 16, Methionine) had a lower binding ability to M. bovis BCG, a lower capacity to inhibit phagocytosis, lesser aggregation, poorer survival of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-infected MH-S cells, and less inhibition of intracellular growth of M. bovis BCG. The case-control association study showed that the 92T homozygous genotype was a risk factor for TB. However, a lesser effect was seen for polymorphism A538G. In conclusion, the results of functional and genetic analyses of SP-D variants consistently showed that the SP-D 92T variant increased susceptibility to TB, which further confirmed the role of SP-D in pulmonary innate immunity against mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Hsi Hsieh
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Ou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fang Kao
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research (ACIR) Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Lee
- Chest Medicine, General Taoyuan Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Respiratory Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lawrence S H Wu
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research (ACIR) Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Jin HS, Lee SI, Park S. Association between ITGB2Genetic Polymorphisms and Tuberculosis. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2018.50.2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seok Jin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | - Sang-In Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | - Sangjung Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
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8
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The genetics of susceptibility to tuberculosis: Progress and challenges. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Gaschignard J, Grant AV, Thuc NV, Orlova M, Cobat A, Huong NT, Ba NN, Thai VH, Abel L, Schurr E, Alcaïs A. Pauci- and Multibacillary Leprosy: Two Distinct, Genetically Neglected Diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004345. [PMID: 27219008 PMCID: PMC4878860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
After sustained exposure to Mycobacterium leprae, only a subset of exposed individuals develops clinical leprosy. Moreover, leprosy patients show a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that extend from the paucibacillary (PB) to the multibacillary (MB) form of the disease. This "polarization" of leprosy has long been a major focus of investigation for immunologists because of the different immune response in these two forms. But while leprosy per se has been shown to be under tight human genetic control, few epidemiological or genetic studies have focused on leprosy subtypes. Using PubMed, we collected available data in English on the epidemiology of leprosy polarization and the possible role of human genetics in its pathophysiology until September 2015. At the genetic level, we assembled a list of 28 genes from the literature that are associated with leprosy subtypes or implicated in the polarization process. Our bibliographical search revealed that improved study designs are needed to identify genes associated with leprosy polarization. Future investigations should not be restricted to a subanalysis of leprosy per se studies but should instead contrast MB to PB individuals. We show the latter approach to be the most powerful design for the identification of genetic polarization determinants. Finally, we bring to light the important resource represented by the nine-banded armadillo model, a unique animal model for leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Gaschignard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, INSERM, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
| | - Audrey Virginia Grant
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, INSERM, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- Unité de Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, EU
| | | | - Marianna Orlova
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, INSERM, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
| | | | - Nguyen Ngoc Ba
- Hospital for Dermato-Venerology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vu Hong Thai
- Hospital for Dermato-Venerology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, INSERM, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The McGill International TB Centre, Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Alcaïs
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, INSERM, Paris, France, EU
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- URC, CIC, Necker and Cochin Hospitals, Paris, France, EU
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Shah JA, Berrington WR, Vary JC, Wells RD, Peterson GJ, Kunwar CB, Khadge S, Hagge DA, Hawn TR. Genetic Variation in Toll-Interacting Protein Is Associated With Leprosy Susceptibility and Cutaneous Expression of Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:1189-97. [PMID: 26610735 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic disease characterized by skin and peripheral nerve pathology and immune responses that fail to control Mycobacterium leprae. Toll-interacting protein (TOLLIP) regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR) and interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling against mycobacteria. We analyzed messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of candidate immune genes in skin biopsy specimens from 85 individuals with leprosy. TOLLIP mRNA was highly and specifically correlated with IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra). In a case-control gene-association study with 477 cases and 1021 controls in Nepal, TOLLIP single-nucleotide polymorphism rs3793964 TT genotype was associated with increased susceptibility to leprosy (recessive, P = 1.4 × 10(-3)) and with increased skin expression of TOLLIP and IL-1Ra. Stimulation of TOLLIP-deficient monocytes with M. leprae produced significantly less IL-1Ra (P < .001), compared with control. These data suggest that M. leprae upregulates IL-1Ra by a TOLLIP-dependent mechanism. Inhibition of TOLLIP may decrease an individual's susceptibility to leprosy and offer a novel therapeutic target for IL-1-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed A Shah
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - James C Vary
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington Puget Sound VA Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard D Wells
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Chhatra B Kunwar
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Anandaban Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Saraswoti Khadge
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Anandaban Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Deanna A Hagge
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Anandaban Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Thomas R Hawn
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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Gao X, Chen J, Tong Z, Yang G, Yao Y, Xu F, Zhou J. Interleukin-10 promoter gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127496. [PMID: 26030829 PMCID: PMC4452516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As an update to other recent meta-analyses, the purpose of this study was to explore whether interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms and their haplotypes contribute to tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. Methods We searched for published case-control studies examining IL-10 polymorphisms and TB in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Wanfang databases and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the strengths of the associations. Results A total of 28 studies comprising 8,242 TB patients and 9,666 controls were included in the present study. There were no significant associations between the -1082G/A, -819C/T, and -592A/C polymorphisms and TB in the pooled samples. Subgroup analyses revealed that the -819T allele was associated with an increased TB risk in Asians in all genetic models (T vs. C: OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.05-1.29, P=0.003; TT vs. CC: OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.09-1.72, P=0.006; CT+TT vs. CC: OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.09-1.63, P=0.006; TT vs. CT+CC: OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.02-1.35, P=0.03) and that the -592A/C polymorphism was significantly associated with TB in Europeans under two genetic models (A vs. C: OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.60-0.98, P=0.03; AA vs. CC: OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.30-0.95, P=0.03). Furthermore, the GCC IL-10 promoter haplotype was associated with an increased risk of TB (GCC vs. others: P=1.42, 95% CI=1.02-1.97, P=0.04). Subgroup analyses based on ethnicity revealed that the GCC haplotype was associated with a higher risk of TB in Europeans, whereas the ACC haplotype was associated with a lower TB risk in both Asians and Europeans. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that the IL-10-819T/C polymorphism is associated with the risk of TB in Asians and that the IL-10-592A/C polymorphism may be a risk factor for TB in Europeans. Furthermore, these data indicate that IL-10 promoter haplotypes play a vital role in the susceptibility to or protection against the development of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
| | - Zhongkai Tong
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
| | - Guangdie Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Wang C, Wang N, Yu Y, Yu G, Wang Z, Fu X, Liu H, Zhang F. Tuberculosis risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms do not show association with leprosy in Chinese population. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 35:1-2. [PMID: 25820095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leprosy and tuberculosis (TB) are chronic granulomatous infectious diseases. As well as pathogen and environmental factors, host genetic factors make a substantial contribution to susceptibility to both diseases. More importantly, leprosy and TB also have pathogenic mechanisms and clinical features in common. In this study, the genetic association between leprosy and TB was investigated in a Chinese Han population. METHODS A genetic association study that included 46 TB susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed, involving 1150 leprosy cases and 1150 controls from the Chinese Han population. The Sequenom MassARRAY system was used. RESULTS No significant association was found between the 46 SNPs and leprosy. Therefore, according to the present study, there is no shared susceptibility locus between leprosy and TB in the Chinese Han population. CONCLUSIONS Although leprosy and TB have a number of similar characteristics, no shared susceptibility loci were found in the Chinese Han population. Thus, this study demonstrated that the genetic basis of the pathogenesis of the two diseases may vary greatly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Provincial Academy of Medical Science, No. 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Na Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Provincial Academy of Medical Science, No. 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Provincial Academy of Medical Science, No. 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Gongqi Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Provincial Academy of Medical Science, No. 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Provincial Academy of Medical Science, No. 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xi'an Fu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Provincial Academy of Medical Science, No. 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Provincial Academy of Medical Science, No. 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Provincial Academy of Medical Science, No. 27397 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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13
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Rêgo JL, Oliveira JM, Santana NDL, Machado PRL, Castellucci LC. The role of ERBB2 gene polymorphisms in leprosy susceptibility. Braz J Infect Dis 2015; 19:206-8. [PMID: 25636184 PMCID: PMC9425388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium leprae infects skin and peripheral nerves causing deformities and disability. The M. leprae bacterium binds to ErbB2 on the Schwann cell surface causing demyelination and favoring spread of the bacilli and causing nerve injury. Polymorphisms at the ERBB2 gene were previously investigated as genetic risk factors for leprosy in two Brazilian populations but with inconsistent results. Herein we extend the analysis of ERBB2 variants to a third geographically distinct population in Brazil. Our results show that there is no association between the genotyped SNPs and the disease (p > 0.05) in this population. A gene set or pathway analysis under the genomic region of ERBB2 will be necessary to clarify its regulation under M. leprae stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paulo Roberto Lima Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Léa Cristina Castellucci
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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de Souza-Santana FC, Marcos EVC, Nogueira MES, Ura S, Tomimori J. Human leukocyte antigen class I and class II alleles are associated with susceptibility and resistance in borderline leprosy patients from Southeast Brazil. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:22. [PMID: 25605482 PMCID: PMC4307149 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles influence the host immune response against Mycobacterium leprae. However, the association between HLA alleles and borderline (B) leprosy has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether HLA class I and II molecules are associated with susceptibility or resistance to B leprosy including borderline-tuberculoid (BT), borderline-borderline (BB), and borderline-lepromatous (BL). METHODS DNA was obtained by the salting-out technique from the blood samples of 202 patients with B leprosy and 478 control subjects. HLA class I (A*, B*, and C* loci) and class II (DRB1* and DQB1* loci) genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification and reverse hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes and sequence-specific primers. RESULTS The case-controlled analysis results showed a significant association between B leprosy and HLA-C*05 (5.94% vs. 14.02%; p = 0.002, OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.20-0.73, pc = 0.032) and HLA-DRB1*07 (16.34% vs. 26.77%; p = 0.003, OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.3-0.8, pc = 0.039). A protective association was observed between BL leprosy and HLA-DQB1*02 (18.18% vs. 39.53%; p = 0.005, OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.15-0.75, pc = 0.025). In reactional patients, a significant association was observed between HLA-B*15 (28.72% vs. 12.76%; p = 0.011, OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.30-5.85, pc = 0.352) and predisposition to reversal reaction. Haplotype analysis showed that A*02-B*07-C*07-DRB1*15-DQB1*06 (2.97% vs. 1.04%; p = 0.015) and A*02-B*40-C*03-DRB1*13-DQB1*06 (1.73% vs. 0.10%; p = 0.0011) were associated with susceptibility to the B form. The presence of the HLA-DRB1*02 or HLA-DRB1*03/HLA-DQB1*01 haplotypes in B patients (22.05% vs. 33.0%; p = 0.005) suggested the involvement of these haplotypes in this clinical form of the disease. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate the involvement of HLA class I and class II molecules in B leprosy and reversal reactions; it also suggest a role for HLA in polarization of the disease in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Covolo de Souza-Santana
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Rod. Cte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 225/26, Bauru, SP, CEP: 17039-800, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Valim Camarinha Marcos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Rod. Cte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 225/26, Bauru, SP, CEP: 17039-800, Brazil.
| | - Maria Esther Salles Nogueira
- Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Rod. Cte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 225/26, Bauru, SP, CEP: 17039-800, Brazil.
| | - Somei Ura
- Department of Education and Research, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Rod. Cte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 225/26, Bauru, SP, CEP: 17039-800, Brazil.
| | - Jane Tomimori
- Department of Dermatology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Av. Borges Lagoa, 598, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04038-000, Brazil.
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15
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Lee SW, Lin CY, Chuang TY, Huang HH, Kao YH, Wu LSH. SNP rs4331426 in 18q11.2 is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis among female Han Taiwanese. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 49:436-8. [PMID: 25648838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4331426 located in a gene-poor region on chromosome 18q11.2 has been associated with tuberculosis (TB) by genome-wide association studies in Ghana and Gambia. In this study, we analyzed the SNP rs4331426 for its association with the risk of TB in the Taiwanese population. The SNP rs4331426 was genotyped in a case-control design that included 377 Han Taiwanese (200 TB patients and 177 controls) and was associated with TB (marginally significant p = 0.078). An increasingly significant association was observed after adjusting for sex in the logistic regression analysis (p = 0.029). Furthermore, the G carrier (AG genotype) conferred the risk of TB in females (p = 0.011), but not in males. These findings indicate that the SNP rs4331426 associated with TB in the Han Taiwanese population, especially in females. Further investigations on its role and that of the genomic region surrounding it are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tao Yuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yin Lin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tao Yuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Han Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tao Yuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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16
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Meyer CG, Thye T. Host genetic studies in adult pulmonary tuberculosis. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:445-53. [PMID: 25307123 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Early observations, candidate gene studies and, more recently, genome-wide association studies have shown that susceptibility to tuberculosis has a host genetic component. Because the value of candidate gene studies has been doubted due to major limitations such as lack of sufficient power and small study groups, lack of reproducibility in independent groups and, often, ambiguous or even contrasting results in attempts of replication, much hope and expectancy has been put on the progress the genome-wide association approach has created. However, much less than initially expected became clear by the results obtained in genome-wide studies, emphasizing the need of increasing sample sizes, e.g. through meta-analyses, and of increasing the density of genetic variants studied across the human genome. A further reason why a rather low number of associated genetic variants were identified to date in infectious diseases in general and tuberculosis in particular might be the fact that selection acts strongly in diseases that affect the reproductive success. As in most genome-wide association studies performed so far, significant signals, often most likely surrogate marker only, have been found in non-coding regions of genomes, the identification of truly causative genetic variation and of the functionality of associated factors needs urgent attention. In the following we briefly discuss genetic studies in tuberculosis and describe new technologies that are currently employed in the search for responsible genetic elements involved in tuberculosis susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Meyer
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Thye
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Araújo SRF, Jamieson SE, Dupnik KM, Monteiro GR, Nobre ML, Dias MS, Trindade Neto PB, Queiroz MDCP, Gomes CEM, Blackwell JM, Jeronimo SMB. Examining ERBB2 as a candidate gene for susceptibility to leprosy (Hansen's disease) in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:182-8. [PMID: 24676663 PMCID: PMC4015256 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy remains prevalent in Brazil. ErbB2 is a receptor for leprosy bacilli entering
Schwann cells, which mediates Mycobacterium leprae-induced
demyelination and the ERBB2 gene lies within a leprosy
susceptibility locus on chromosome 17q11-q21. To determine whether
polymorphisms at the ERBB2 locus contribute to this linkage peak,
three haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tag-SNPs) (rs2517956,
rs2952156, rs1058808) were genotyped in 72 families (208 cases; 372 individuals) from
the state of Pará (PA). All three tag-SNPs were associated with leprosy per se [best
SNP rs2517959 odds ratio (OR) = 2.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37-3.59; p =
0.001]. Lepromatous (LL) (OR = 3.25; 95% CI 1.37-7.70; p = 0.007) and tuberculoid
(TT) (OR = 1.79; 95% CI 1.04-3.05; p = 0.034) leprosy both contributed to the
association, which is consistent with the previous linkage to chromosome 17q11-q21 in
the population from PA and supports the functional role of ErbB2 in disease
pathogenesis. To attempt to replicate these findings, six SNPs (rs2517955, rs2517956,
rs1810132, rs2952156, rs1801200, rs1058808) were genotyped in a population-based
sample of 570 leprosy cases and 370 controls from the state of Rio Grande do Norte
(RN) and the results were analysed using logistic regression analysis. However, none
of the associations were replicated in the RN sample, whether analysed for leprosy
per se, LL leprosy, TT leprosy, erythema nodosum leprosum or reversal reaction
conditions. The role of polymorphisms at ERBB2 in controlling
susceptibility to leprosy in Brazil therefore remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarra Elisabeth Jamieson
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Australia
| | | | - Glória Regina Monteiro
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Maurício Lisboa Nobre
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Márcia Sousa Dias
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Pedro Bezerra Trindade Neto
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Maia Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Jenefer Mary Blackwell
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Selma Maria Bezerra Jeronimo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
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18
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Narh CA, Mosi L, Quaye C, Tay SC, Bonfoh B, de Souza DK. Genotyping Tools for Mycobacterium ulcerans-Drawbacks and Future Prospects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 4:1000149. [PMID: 24900947 PMCID: PMC4040416 DOI: 10.4172/2161-1068.1000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli ulcer) is a neglected but treatable skin disease endemic in over 30 countries. M. ulcerans is an environmental mycobacteria with an elusive mode of transmission to humans. Ecological and Molecular epidemiological studies to identify reservoirs and transmission vectors are important for source tracking infections especially during outbreaks and elucidating transmission routes. Research efforts have therefore focused on genotyping strains of the mycobacteria from clinical and environmental samples. This review discusses genotyping tools for differentiating M. ulcerans strains from other environmental and Mycolactone Producing Mycobacteria (MPMs). We highlight tools that have been adapted from related fields and propose ways these could be enhanced to resolve intra-species variation for epidemiological, transmission, evolutionary studies, and detection of emerging drug resistant strains. In the wake of increasing cases of Buruli ulcer, cumulative efforts including improvement in diagnostic methods and fine-tuning of genotyping tools are crucial to complement public health efforts in reducing infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Narh
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana ; Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Ivory Coast ; Clinical Microbiology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Lydia Mosi
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Ivory Coast ; Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, University of Ghana
| | - Charles Quaye
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana ; Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Ivory Coast
| | - Samuel Ck Tay
- Clinical Microbiology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Ivory Coast
| | - Dziedzom K de Souza
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
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19
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Escamilla-Tilch M, Torres-Carrillo NM, Payan RR, Aguilar-Medina M, Salazar MI, Fafutis-Morris M, Arenas-Guzman R, Estrada-Parra S, Estrada-Garcia I, Granados J. Association of genetic polymorphism of HLA-DRB1 antigens with the susceptibility to lepromatous leprosy. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:945-949. [PMID: 24649058 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the introduction of multidrug therapy and the overall reduction of leprosy prevalence in Mexico, the disease remains endemic in certain regions of the country. A genetic basis for the immune susceptibility to Mycobacterium leprae has already been established in different populations worldwide. In this study, we investigated the possible association of the HLA-DRB1 alleles with leprosy in a Mexican Mestizo population. The results demonstrated that the HLA-DRB1*01 allele is associated with lepromatous and dimorphic leprosy [P<0.001, odds ratio (OR)=4.6, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.8-11.4; and P=0.03, OR=6.2, 95% CI: 1.1-31.6, respectively] and the frequency of the HLA-DRB1*08 allele was found to be significantly lower among leprosy patients compared to controls (P=0.046, OR=2.4, 95% CI: 1-5.8). In conclusion, although the association of the HLA-DR locus with leprosy has been established in different populations and several studies have demonstrated significant differences in the DR alleles, this study demonstrated an association of the HLA-DRB1*01 allele with susceptibility to lepromatous and dimorphic leprosy, as well as an association of the HLA-DRB1*08 allele with protection against leprosy in a Mexican Mestizo population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Escamilla-Tilch
- Department of Immunology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | | | - Rosalio Ramos Payan
- School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa 80040, Mexico
| | - Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa 80040, Mexico
| | - Ma Isabel Salazar
- Department of Immunology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Mary Fafutis-Morris
- Center for Research in Immunology and Dermatology, Dermatological Institute of Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco 45190, Mexico ; Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44100, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arenas-Guzman
- Mycology Section, General Hospital Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Mexico City 14000, Mexico
| | - Sergio Estrada-Parra
- Department of Immunology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Iris Estrada-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Julio Granados
- Department of Transplantation, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City 14000, Mexico
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20
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van de Vosse E, Haverkamp MH, Ramirez-Alejo N, Martinez-Gallo M, Blancas-Galicia L, Metin A, Garty BZ, Sun-Tan Ç, Broides A, de Paus RA, Keskin Ö, Çağdaş D, Tezcan I, Lopez-Ruzafa E, Aróstegui JI, Levy J, Espinosa-Rosales FJ, Sanal Ö, Santos-Argumedo L, Casanova JL, Boisson-Dupuis S, van Dissel JT, Bustamante J. IL-12Rβ1 deficiency: mutation update and description of the IL12RB1 variation database. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:1329-39. [PMID: 23864330 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IL-12Rβ1 deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by predisposition to recurrent and/or severe infections caused by otherwise poorly pathogenic mycobacteria and salmonella. IL-12Rβ1 is a receptor chain of both the IL-12 and the IL-23 receptor and deficiency of IL-12Rβ1 thus abolishes both IL-12 and IL-23 signaling. IL-12Rβ1 deficiency is caused by bi-allelic mutations in the IL12RB1 gene. Mutations resulting in premature stop codons, such as nonsense, frame shift, and splice site mutations, represent the majority of IL-12Rβ1 deficiency causing mutations (66%; 46/70). Also every other morbid mutation completely inactivates the IL-12Rβ1 protein. In addition to disease-causing mutations, rare and common variations with unknown functional effect have been reported in IL12RB1. All these variants have been deposited in the online IL12RB1 variation database (www.LOVD.nl/IL12RB1). In this article, we review the function of IL-12Rβ1 and molecular genetics of human IL12RB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther van de Vosse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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21
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Guerreiro LTA, Robottom-Ferreira AB, Ribeiro-Alves M, Toledo-Pinto TG, Rosa Brito T, Rosa PS, Sandoval FG, Jardim MR, Antunes SG, Shannon EJ, Sarno EN, Pessolani MCV, Williams DL, Moraes MO. Gene expression profiling specifies chemokine, mitochondrial and lipid metabolism signatures in leprosy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64748. [PMID: 23798993 PMCID: PMC3683049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we performed microarray experiments in Schwann cells infected with live M. leprae and identified novel differentially expressed genes (DEG) in M. leprae infected cells. Also, we selected candidate genes associated or implicated with leprosy in genetic studies and biological experiments. Forty-seven genes were selected for validation in two independent types of samples by multiplex qPCR. First, an in vitro model using THP-1 cells was infected with live Mycobacterium leprae and M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). In a second situation, mRNA obtained from nerve biopsies from patients with leprosy or other peripheral neuropathies was tested. We detected DEGs that discriminate M. bovis BCG from M. leprae infection. Specific signatures of susceptible responses after M. leprae infection when compared to BCG lead to repression of genes, including CCL2, CCL3, IL8 and SOD2. The same 47-gene set was screened in nerve biopsies, which corroborated the down-regulation of CCL2 and CCL3 in leprosy, but also evidenced the down-regulation of genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism, and the up-regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and ubiquitination. Finally, a gene expression signature from DEG was identified in patients confirmed of having leprosy. A classification tree was able to ascertain 80% of the cases as leprosy or non-leprous peripheral neuropathy based on the expression of only LDLR and CCL4. A general immune and mitochondrial hypo-responsive state occurs in response to M. leprae infection. Also, the most important genes and pathways have been highlighted providing new tools for early diagnosis and treatment of leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacogenética, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (IPEC), FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Toledo-Pinto
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiana Rosa Brito
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Galvan Sandoval
- Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Bureau of Primary Health Care (BPHC), Division of National Hansen's Disease Programs, Laboratory Research Branch at the School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Márcia Rodrigues Jardim
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Gomes Antunes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edward J. Shannon
- Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Bureau of Primary Health Care (BPHC), Division of National Hansen's Disease Programs, Laboratory Research Branch at the School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Euzenir Nunes Sarno
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Diana Lynn Williams
- Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Bureau of Primary Health Care (BPHC), Division of National Hansen's Disease Programs, Laboratory Research Branch at the School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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22
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Gaschignard J, Scurr E, Alcaïs A. [Leprosy, a pillar of human genetics of infectious diseases]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 61:120-8. [PMID: 23711949 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite a natural reservoir of Mycobacterium leprae limited to humans and free availability of an effective antibiotic treatment, more than 200,000 people develop leprosy each year. This disease remains a major cause of disability and social stigma worldwide. The cause of this constant incidence is currently unknown and indicates that important aspects of the complex relationship between the pathogen and its human host remain to be discovered. An important contribution of host genetics to susceptibility to leprosy has long been suggested to account for the considerable variability between individuals sustainably exposed to M. leprae. Given the inability to cultivate M. leprae in vitro and in the absence of relevant animal model, genetic epidemiology is the main strategy used to identify the genes and, consequently, the immunological pathways involved in protective immunity to M. leprae. Recent genome-wide studies have identified new pathophysiological pathways which importance is only beginning to be understood. In addition, the prism of human genetics placed leprosy at the crossroads of other common diseases such as Crohn's disease, asthma or myocardial infarction. Therefore, novel lights on the pathogenesis of many common diseases could eventually emerge from the detailed understanding of a disease of the shadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gaschignard
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U980, 156 rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
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da Cruz HLA, da Silva RC, Segat L, de Carvalho MSZDMG, Brandão LAC, Guimarães RL, Santos FCF, de Lira LAS, Montenegro LML, Schindler HC, Crovella S. MBL2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in a northeastern Brazilian population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 19:323-9. [PMID: 23524205 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system represents the first line of host defense against pathogens. Genetics factors regulating the immune responses play a role in the susceptibility to infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB). We analyzed MBL2 promoter and exon 1 functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a group of 155TB patients and 148 healthy controls in order to evaluate their influence on the onset of infection and TB development. There was no association between MBL2 -550 HL promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility to develop TB, but heterozygous -221 Y/X genotype was significantly more frequent in pulmonary TB patients than controls. Moreover, MBL2 exon 1 O allele, was significantly associated with susceptibility to TB development in general (p=0.023, OR=1.61, 95% CI 1.05-2.49) and pulmonary TB (p=0.0008, OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.35-3.46); C allele at codon 57, as well as A/C genotype, were significantly more frequent in TB patients than in controls. Our results indicate that MBL2 polymorphisms, especially at codon 57, could be considered as risk factors for TB development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Lacerda Alves da Cruz
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center-CPqAM/FIOCRUZ, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n°, CEP 50.670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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24
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Eggert M, Pfob M, Steinlein OK. Melanocortin-3-receptor promoter polymorphism associated with tuberculosis susceptibility does not influence protein expression. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:99. [PMID: 23497691 PMCID: PMC3605127 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The melanocortin-3-receptor (MC3R) is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family that mediate cellular response through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate signalling pathway. In the promoter region of MC3R the polymorphism rs6127698 has previously been shown to be strongly associated with tuberculosis susceptibility. It is predicted to generate an alternative transcription factor binding site. FINDINGS We investigated the functional impact of rs6127698 by luciferase assay to assess if this polymorphism is capable of altering protein expression. Our results did not show any significant protein expression changes when comparing the two alleles of rs6127698. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments demonstrate that the rs6127698 polymorphism does not influence protein translation. A functional role of the predicted alternative transcription factor binding site could therefore not be confirmed. These results suggest rs6127698 has no direct role in tuberculosis susceptibility. The possibility remains that this polymorphism is linked to an adjacent functional genetic variant, acting as a surrogate marker for disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Eggert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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25
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Shinde V, Marcinek P, Rani DS, Sunder SR, Arun S, Jain S, Nath I, Thangaraj K, Velavan TP, Valluri VL. Genetic evidence of TAP1 gene variant as a susceptibility factor in Indian leprosy patients. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:803-7. [PMID: 23395648 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The heterodimeric transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) gene loci is known to play a vital role in immune surveillance. We investigated a possible association of gene polymorphisms both in TAP1 and TAP2 in a cohort of clinically classified leprosy patients (n=222) and in ethnically matched controls (n=223). The TAP1 and TAP2 genes were genotyped for four single nucleotide polymorphisms TAP1 (rs1057141 Iso333Val and rs1135216 Asp637Gly) and TAP2 (rs2228396 Ala565Thr and rs241447 Ala665Thr) by direct sequencing and ARMS-PCR. The minor allele of TAP1 637G contributes to an increased risk to leprosy compared to controls (OR: 1.68, 95% CI 1.2-2.36, P=0.0057). An increased risk for the variant minor allele of the TAP1 637G to multibacillary (BL+LL) or paucibacillary (BT+TT) infections was also observed [multibacillary vs. controls (OR: 1.56, 95% CI 1.07-2.28, P=0.054); paucibacillary vs. controls (OR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.21-3.01, P=0.013)]. In the dominant model, the genotypes of the TAP1 rs1135216AG+GG additionally contributed to an increased risk. Overall our findings demonstrate that the TAP1 gene variant (rs1135216 Asp637Gly) influences the susceptibility to clinically classified leprosy patients in Indian population.
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26
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Di Pietrantonio T, Schurr E. Host-pathogen specificity in tuberculosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 783:33-44. [PMID: 23468102 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6111-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The host response to mycobacterial infection including tuberculosis depends on genetically controlled host and bacterial factors and their interaction. A largely unknown aspect of this interaction is whether disease results from an additive and independent effect of host and pathogen or from specific host-pathogen combinations. The preferential association of specific mycobacterial strains with specific ethnic groups provided tentative evidence in favor of host-pathogen specificity in tuberculosis and is consistent with the hypothesis of host-mycobacterial co-adaptation. Substantial evidence for specificity has now been provided by animal models and human case-control association studies. These studies indicate that differences in the host response to infection are at least in part due to specific combinations of host genetic factors and genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the infecting mycobacterial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Di Pietrantonio
- Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre McGill Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, Montreal, Canada
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27
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause worldwide of human mortality attributable to a single infectious agent. Recent studies targeting candidate genes and "case-control" association have revealed numerous polymorphisms implicated in host susceptibility to TB. Here, we review current progress in the understanding of causative polymorphisms in host innate immune genes associated with TB pathogenesis. We discuss genes encoding several types of proteins: macrophage receptors, such as the mannose receptor (MR, CD206), dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN, CD209), Dectin-1, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), complement receptor 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18), nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) and NOD2, CD14, P2X7, and the vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR); soluble C-type lectins, such as surfactant protein-A (SP-A), SP-D, and mannose-binding lectin (MBL); phagocyte cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-18; chemokines, such as IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), RANTES, and CXCL10; and other important innate immune molecules, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and solute carrier protein 11A1 (SLC11A1). Polymorphisms in these genes have been variably associated with susceptibility to TB among different populations. This apparent variability is probably accounted for by evolutionary selection pressure as a result of long-term host-pathogen interactions in certain regions or populations and, in part, by lack of proper study design and limited knowledge of molecular and functional effects of the implicated genetic variants. Finally, we discuss genomic technologies that hold promise for resolving questions regarding the evolutionary paths of the human genome, functional effects of polymorphisms, and corollary impacts of adaptation on human health, ultimately leading to novel approaches to controlling TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul K. Azad
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Department of Pharmacology, Program in Pharmacogenomics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology
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28
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Qidwai T, Jamal F, Khan MY. DNA Sequence Variation and Regulation of Genes Involved in Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:568-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Genetic variants of the MRC1 gene and the IFNG gene are associated with leprosy in Han Chinese from Southwest China. Hum Genet 2012; 131:1251-60. [PMID: 22392581 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy is an ancient infectious disease, with over 200,000 affected people (mainly in Asia and Africa) being registered annually. Genetic factors may confer susceptibility to this disease. In the present study, we genotyped 12 genetic variants of the MRC1 gene and the IFNG gene in 527 Han Chinese with leprosy and 583 healthy individuals from Yunnan, China, to discern potential association of these two genes with leprosy. In particular, we aimed to validate the recently reported association of MRC1 variant rs1926736 (p.G396S) and IFNG variant rs2430561 (+874 T>A) with leprosy, which were initially observed in Vietnamese and Brazilian populations, respectively. Our results failed to confirm the reported association between variants rs1926736 and rs2430561 and leprosy in Han Chinese. However, we found that variants rs692527 (P = 0.022) and rs34856358 (P = 0.022) of the MRC1 gene were associated with paucibacillary leprosy, and rs3138557 of the IFNG gene was significantly associated with multibacillary leprosy. The exact role of the MRC1 gene and the IFNG gene in leprosy awaits future study.
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30
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Kobayashi K, Yuliwulandari R, Yanai H, Naka I, Lien LT, Hang NTL, Hijikata M, Keicho N, Tokunaga K. Association of TLR polymorphisms with development of tuberculosis in Indonesian females. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 79:190-7. [PMID: 22211722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many candidate genes have been investigated for a possible association with TB. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to play important roles in human innate immune systems. Polymorphisms in and functions of TLRs have been investigated to identify associations with specific infectious diseases, including TB. Here, we examined whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLRs and genes in TLR signaling were associated with TB susceptibility in Indonesian and Vietnamese populations. A statistically significant association was observed between TB susceptibility in a classified Indonesian female group and rs352139, an SNP located in the intron of TLR9, using the genotype (P = 2.76E-04) and recessive (AA vs AG+GG, P = 2.48E-04, odds ratio = 1.827, 95% confidence interval = 1.321-2.526) models. Meta-analysis of the Indonesian and Vietnamese populations showed that rs352139 was significantly associated with TB in the recessive model. This finding indicated that a TLR9 polymorphism might have an important role in the susceptibility to M. tuberculosis in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kobayashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Human polymorphisms as clinical predictors in leprosy. J Trop Med 2011; 2011:923943. [PMID: 22220182 PMCID: PMC3246779 DOI: 10.1155/2011/923943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and serum markers in human host can predict leprosy susceptibility per se as well as be useful in classification and/or prediction of clinical variants and immunological responses in leprosy. Adequate and timely assessment of potential risks associated with these 38 host leprosy genes could diminish epidemiological burden and improve life quality of patients with this still prevalent mycobacterial disease.
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32
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Newport MJ, Finan C. Genome-wide association studies and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Brief Funct Genomics 2011; 10:98-107. [PMID: 21436306 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elq037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in genomics and the associated technological, statistical and bioinformatics advances have facilitated the successful implementation of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) towards understanding the genetic basis of common diseases. Infectious diseases contribute significantly to the global burden of disease and there is robust epidemiological evidence that host genetic factors are important determinants of the outcome of interactions between host and pathogen. Indeed, infectious diseases have exerted profound selective pressure on human evolution. However, the application of GWAS to infectious diseases has been relatively limited compared with non-communicable diseases. Here we review GWAS findings for important infectious diseases, including malaria, tuberculosis and HIV. We highlight some of the pitfalls recognized more generally for GWAS, as well as issues specific to infection, including the role of the pathogen which also has a genome. We also discuss the challenges encountered when studying African populations which are genetically more ancient and more diverse that other populations and disproportionately bear the main global burden of serious infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Newport
- Infectious Diseases and Global Health at Brighton and Sussex Medical School, UK.
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33
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Kobayashi K, Yuliwulandari R, Yanai H, Lien LT, Hang NTL, Hijikata M, Keicho N, Tokunaga K. Association of CD209 polymorphisms with tuberculosis in an Indonesian population. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:741-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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[Genetic susceptibility to infections]. Internist (Berl) 2011; 52:1053-4, 1056-8, 1060. [PMID: 21842176 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-011-2858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The spectrum of clinical manifestations of infections is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infection or mild illness to rapid progression of disease and death. Twin studies first showed an inheritable component of many infections and epidemiological and genetic studies revealed definite gene loci and polymorphisms for most of the clinically relevant infectious diseases. Reliable genetic markers which represent susceptibility or resistance to infections, prognosis of disease and response to treatment are necessary to define risk populations and to plan therapy regimens. Genetic research can also help in identifying target structures for novel therapy strategies and anitimicrobial agents. In this article the genetic background of important infections is reviewed and examples of successful exploitation of genetic findings and translation into practical medicine are given.
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35
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Alter A, Huong NT, Singh M, Orlova M, Van Thuc N, Katoch K, Gao X, Thai VH, Ba NN, Carrington M, Abel L, Mehra N, Alcaïs A, Schurr E. Human leukocyte antigen class I region single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with leprosy susceptibility in Vietnam and India. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:1274-81. [PMID: 21459816 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence suggested the existence of unidentified leprosy susceptibility loci in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. To identify such genetic risk factors, a high-density association scan of a 1.9-mega-base (Mb) region in the HLA complex was performed. Among 682 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 59 were associated with leprosy (P <.01) in 198 Vietnamese single-case leprosy families. Genotyping of these SNPs in an independent sample of 292 Vietnamese single-case leprosy families replicated the association of 12 SNPs (P <.01). Multivariate analysis of these 12 SNPs showed that the association information could be captured by 2 intergenic HLA class I region SNPs (P = 9.4 × 10⁻⁹)-rs2394885 and rs2922997 (marginal multivariate P = 2.1 × 10⁻⁷ and P = .0016, respectively). SNP rs2394885 tagged the HLA-C*15:05 allele in the Vietnamese population. The identical associations were validated in a third sample of 364 patients with leprosy and 371 control subjects from North India. These results implicated class I alleles in leprosy pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alter
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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36
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Baker AR, Zalwango S, Malone LL, Igo RP, Qiu F, Nsereko M, Adams MD, Supelak P, Mayanja-Kizza H, Boom WH, Stein CM. Genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis associated with cathepsin Z haplotype in a Ugandan household contact study. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:426-30. [PMID: 21354459 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), causes 9 million new cases worldwide and 2 million deaths annually. Genetic linkage and association analyses have suggested several chromosomal regions and candidate genes involved in TB susceptibility. This study examines the association of TB disease susceptibility with a selection of biologically relevant genes on regions on chromosomes 7 (IL6 and CARD11) and 20 (CTSZ and MC3R) and fine mapping of the chromosome 7p22-p21 region identified through our genome scan. We analyzed 565 individuals from Kampala, Uganda, who were previously included in our genome-wide linkage scan. Association analyses were conducted for 1,417 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that passed quality control. None of the candidate gene or fine mapping SNPs was significantly associated with TB susceptibility (p > 0.10). When we restricted the analysis to HIV-negative individuals, 2 SNPs on chromosome 7 were significantly associated with TB susceptibility (p < 0.05). Haplotype analyses identified a significant risk haplotype in cathepsin X (CTSZ; p = 0.0281, odds ratio = 1.5493, 95% confidence interval [1.039, 2.320]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Baker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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37
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Abstract
Despite the availability of effective treatment for several decades, leprosy remains an important medical problem in many regions of the world. Infection with Mycobacterium leprae can produce paucibacillary disease, characterized by well-formed granulomas and a Th1 T-cell response, or multibacillary disease, characterized by poorly organized cellular infiltrates and Th2 cytokines. These diametric immune responses confer states of relative resistance or susceptibility to leprosy, respectively, and have well-defined clinical manifestations. As a result, leprosy provides a unique opportunity to dissect the genetic basis of human in vivo immunity. A series of studies over the past 40 years suggests that host genes influence the risk of leprosy acquisition and the predilection for different clinical forms of the disease. However, a comprehensive, cellular, and molecular view of the genes and variants involved is still being assembled. In this article, we review several decades of human genetic studies of leprosy, including a number of recent investigations. We emphasize genetic analyses that are validated by the replication of the same phenotype in independent studies or supported by functional experiments demonstrating biological mechanisms of action for specific polymorphisms. Identifying and functionally exploring the genetic and immunological factors that underlie human susceptibility to leprosy have yielded important insights into M. leprae pathogenesis and are likely to advance our understanding of the immune response to other pathogenic mycobacteria. This knowledge may inform new treatment or vaccine strategies for leprosy or tuberculosis.
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38
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Polymorphisms in MC3R promoter and CTSZ 3'UTR are associated with tuberculosis susceptibility. Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 19:676-81. [PMID: 21368909 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have validated the association of two genes on chromosome 20q13.31-33 with tuberculosis susceptibility. A previous genome-wide linkage study performed by Cooke et al identified the genes melanocortin-3-receptor (MC3R) and cathepsin Z (CTSZ) as possible candidates in tuberculosis susceptibility. MC3R has been implicated in obesity studies and is known to play a role in many biological systems including the regulation of energy homeostasis and fat metabolism. CTSZ has been detected in immune cells, such as macrophages and monocytes, and it is hypothesized that the protein may play a role in the immune response. In our South African population a case-control study confirmed the previously reported association with a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in CTSZ and found an association in MC3R with a SNP not previously implicated in tuberculosis susceptibility. Six SNPs in MC3R and eight in CTSZ were genotyped and haplotypes were inferred. SNP rs6127698 in the promoter region of MC3R (cases = 498; controls = 506) and rs34069356 in the 3'UTR of CTSZ (cases = 396; controls = 298) both showed significant association with tuberculosis susceptibility (P = 0.0004 and < 0.0001, respectively), indicating that pathways involving these proteins, not previously researched in this disease, could yield novel therapies for tuberculosis.
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39
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Oki NO, Motsinger-Reif AA, Antas PRZ, Levy S, Holland SM, Sterling TR. Novel human genetic variants associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a pilot genome wide association study. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:28. [PMID: 21281516 PMCID: PMC3041678 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 5-10% of persons infected with M. tuberculosis develop tuberculosis, but the factors associated with disease progression are incompletely understood. Both linkage and association studies have identified human genetic variants associated with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis, but few genetic studies have evaluated extrapulmonary disease. Because extrapulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis likely have different underlying pathophysiology, identification of genetic mutations associated with extrapulmonary disease is important. FINDINGS We performed a pilot genome-wide association study among 24 persons with previous extrapulmonary tuberculosis and well-characterized immune defects; 24 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 57 patients with M. tuberculosis infection served as controls. The Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping Xba Array was used for genotyping; after careful quality control, genotypes at 44,175 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were available for analysis. Eigenstrat quantified population stratification within our sample; logistic regression, using results of the Eigenstrat analysis as a covariate, identified significant associations between groups. Permutation testing controlled the family-wise error rate for each comparison between groups. Four SNPs were significantly associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis compared to controls with M. tuberculosis infection; one (rs4893980) in the gene PDE11A, one (rs10488286) in KCND2, and one (rs2026414) in PCDH15; one was in chromosome 7 but not associated with a known gene. Two additional variants were significantly associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis compared with pulmonary tuberculosis; one (rs340708) in the gene FAM135B and one in chromosome 13 but not associated with a known gene. The function of all four genes affects cell signaling and activity, including in the brain. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, we identified 6 novel variants not previously known to be associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, including two SNPs more common in persons with extrapulmonary than pulmonary tuberculosis. This provides some support for the hypothesis that the pathogenesis and genetic predisposition to extrapulmonary tuberculosis differs from pulmonary tuberculosis. Further study of these novel SNPs, and more well-powered genome-wide studies of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noffisat O Oki
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alison A Motsinger-Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Paulo RZ Antas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shawn Levy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy R Sterling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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40
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Abstract
Several candidate gene studies have provided evidence for a role of host genetics in susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). However, the results of these studies have been very inconsistent, even within a study population. Here, we review the design of these studies from a genetic epidemiological perspective, illustrating important differences in phenotype definition in both cases and controls, consideration of latent M. tuberculosis infection versus active TB disease, population genetic factors such as population substructure and linkage disequilibrium, polymorphism selection, and potential global differences in M. tuberculosis strain. These considerable differences between studies should be accounted for when examining the current literature. Recommendations are made for future studies to further clarify the host genetics of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Stein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
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41
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious health issue in the developing world. Lack of knowledge on the etiological mechanisms of TB hinders the development of effective strategies for the treatment or prevention of TB disease. Human genetic study is an indispensable approach to understand the molecular basis of common diseases. Numerous efforts were made to screen the human genome for TB susceptibility by linkage mapping. A large number of candidate-based association studies of TB were conducted to examine the association of predicted functional DNA variations in candidate genes. Recently, the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) on TB was reported. The GWAS is a proof-of-principle evidence that justifies the genetic approach to understand TB. Further hypothesis-free efforts on TB research may renovate the traditional idea of TB genetic susceptibility as none of the candidate genes with important roles in containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection was identified of association with active TB, whereas the TB-associated loci in the GWAS harbors no gene with function in MTB infection.
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42
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Alter A, Grant A, Abel L, Alcaïs A, Schurr E. Leprosy as a genetic disease. Mamm Genome 2010; 22:19-31. [PMID: 20936290 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-010-9287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alter
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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43
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Ridruechai C, Mahasirimongkol S, Phromjai J, Yanai H, Nishida N, Matsushita I, Ohashi J, Yamada N, Moolphate S, Summanapan S, Chuchottaworn C, Manosuthi W, Kantipong P, Kanitvittaya S, Sawanpanyalert P, Keicho N, Khusmith S, Tokunaga K. Association analysis of susceptibility candidate region on chromosome 5q31 for tuberculosis. Genes Immun 2010; 11:416-22. [PMID: 20485362 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2010.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 5q31 spans the T helper (Th) 2-related cytokine gene cluster, which is potentially important in Th1/Th2 immune responses. The chromosome 5q23.2-31.3 has been recently identified as a region with suggestive evidence of linkage to tuberculosis in the Asian population. With the aim of fine-mapping a putative tuberculosis susceptibility locus, we investigated a family-based association test between the dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers within chromosome 5q31 and tuberculosis in 205 Thai trio families. Of these, 75 SNPs located within candidate genes covering SLC22A4, SLC22A5, IRF1, IL5, RAD50, IL13, IL4, KIF3A and SEPT8 were genotyped using the DigiTag2 assay. Association analysis revealed the most significant association with tuberculosis in haplotypes comprising SNPs rs274559, rs274554 and rs274553 of SLC22A5 gene (P(Global)=2.02 x 10(-6)), which remained significant after multiple testing correction. In addition, two haplotypes within the SLC22A4 and KIF3A region were associated with tuberculosis. Haplotypes of SLC22A5 were significantly associated with the expression levels of RAD50 and IL13. The results show that the variants carried by the haplotypes of SLC22A4, SLC22A5 and KIF3A region potentially contribute to tuberculosis susceptibility among the Thai population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ridruechai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lian Y, Yue J, Han M, Liu J, Liu L. Analysis of the association between BTNL2 polymorphism and tuberculosis in Chinese Han population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 10:517-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Möller M, Hoal EG. Current findings, challenges and novel approaches in human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2010; 90:71-83. [PMID: 20206579 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The evidence for a human genetic component in susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) is incontrovertible. Quite apart from studies of rare disease events illustrating the importance of key genes in humans and animals, TB at the population level is also influenced by the genetics of the host. Heritability of disease concordance and immune responses to mycobacterial antigens has been clearly shown, and ranges up to 71%. Linkage studies, designed to identify major susceptibility genes in a disease, have produced a number of candidate loci but few, except for regions on chromosome 5p15, 20p and 20q, have been replicated. The region on 5p15 regulates the intensity of the response to the tuberculin skin test, and another locus on 11p14 appears to control resistance to the bacterium. In addition, numerous genes and pathways have been implicated in candidate gene association studies, with validation of polymorphisms in IFNG, NRAMP1, and NOS2A and equivocal results for IL10, CCL2, DC-SIGN, P2RX7, VDR, TLR2, TLR9 and SP110. Other more recently researched candidate genes such as TNFRSF1B remain to be validated, preferably in meta-analyses. New approaches have provided early evidence for the importance of gene-gene interactions in regulating resistance to disease, and also the prospect that applying host genetics in the field of vaccinomics could lead to a more targeted approach in designing interventions to aid the human immune system in combating mycobacteria. Genome-wide association studies and admixture mapping are approaches that remain to be applied to TB, and it is not clear, as is the case with other complex diseases, how much of the heritability of the TB susceptibility phenotype will be determined by multiple genes of small effect versus rare variants with disproportionately large effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlo Möller
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology and the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 19063, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
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Alter A, de Léséleuc L, Van Thuc N, Thai VH, Huong NT, Ba NN, Cardoso CC, Grant AV, Abel L, Moraes MO, Alcaïs A, Schurr E. Genetic and functional analysis of common MRC1 exon 7 polymorphisms in leprosy susceptibility. Hum Genet 2009; 127:337-48. [PMID: 20035344 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The chromosomal region 10p13 has been linked to paucibacillary leprosy in two independent studies. The MRC1 gene, encoding the human mannose receptor (MR), is located in the 10p13 region and non-synonymous SNPs in exon 7 of the gene have been suggested as leprosy susceptibility factors. We determined that G396S is the only non-synonymous exon 7-encoded polymorphism in 396 unrelated Vietnamese subjects. This SNP was genotyped in 490 simplex and 90 multiplex leprosy families comprising 704 patients (47% paucibacillary; 53% multibacillary). We observed significant under-transmission of the serine allele of the G396S polymorphism with leprosy per se (P = 0.036) and multibacillary leprosy (P = 0.034). In a sample of 384 Brazilian leprosy cases (51% paucibacillary; 49% multibacillary) and 399 healthy controls, we observed significant association of the glycine allele of the G396S polymorphism with leprosy per se (P = 0.016) and multibacillary leprosy (P = 0.023). In addition, we observed a significant association of exon 7 encoded amino acid haplotypes with leprosy per se (P = 0.012) and multibacillary leprosy (P = 0.004). Next, we tested HEK293 cells over-expressing MR constructs (293-MR) with three exon 7 haplotypes of MRC1 for their ability to bind and internalize ovalbumin and zymosan, two classical MR ligands. No difference in uptake was measured between the variants. In addition, 293-MR failed to bind and internalize viable Mycobacterium leprae and BCG. We propose that the MR-M. leprae interaction is modulated by an accessory host molecule of unknown identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alter
- Department of Medicine, McGill Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Zhang F, Liu H, Chen S, Wang C, Zhu C, Zhang L, Chu T, Liu D, Yan X, Liu J. Evidence for an association of HLA-DRB1*15 and DRB1*09 with leprosy and the impact of DRB1*09 on disease onset in a Chinese Han population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2009; 10:133. [PMID: 20003324 PMCID: PMC2797507 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-10-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) have been proposed to modulate the immune response to Mycobacterium leprae. The association of HLA-DRB1 with leprosy has been reported in several populations, but not in a Chinese population. Methods The polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe with Luminex100 (PCR-SSOP-Luminex) method was used to genotype HLA-DRB1 alleles in 305 leprosy patients and 527 healthy control individuals. Results The HLA-DRB1*15 allele was significantly more prevalent among leprosy patients than healthy controls, whereas the frequency of the HLA-DRB1*09 allele was lower among leprosy patients, especially those with early-onset disease. Conclusion HLA-DRB1 alleles are associated with leprosy susceptibility in a Chinese population. The HLA-DRB1*09 allele was found to be protective exclusively in a subset of early-onset leprosy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Abstract
Olivier Neyrolles and Lluis Quintana-Murci review the evidence on why tuberulosis notification is twice as high in men as in women in most countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Neyrolles
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.
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Lamsyah H, Rueda B, Baassi L, Elaouad R, Bottini N, Sadki K, Martin J. Association ofPTPN22gene functional variants with development of pulmonary tuberculosis in Moroccan population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 74:228-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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da Silva SA, Mazini PS, Reis PG, Sell AM, Tsuneto LT, Peixoto PR, Visentainer JEL. HLA-DR and HLA-DQ alleles in patients from the south of Brazil: markers for leprosy susceptibility and resistance. BMC Infect Dis 2009; 9:134. [PMID: 19698125 PMCID: PMC2746224 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many epidemiological studies have shown that the genetic factors of the host play a role in the variability of clinical response to infection caused by M. leprae. With the purpose of identifying genes of susceptibility, the present study investigated the possible role of HLA-DRB1 and DQA1/DQB1 alleles in susceptibility to leprosy, and whether they account for the heterogeneity in immune responses observed following infection in a Southern Brazilian population. Methods One hundred and sixty-nine leprosy patients and 217 healthy controls were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and reverse hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes and sequence-specific primers(One Lambda®, CA, USA). Results There was a positive association of HLA-DRB1*16 (*1601 and *1602) with leprosy per se (7.3% vs. 3.2%, P = 0.01, OR = 2.52, CI = 1.26–5.01), in accord with previous serological studies, which showed DR2 as a marker of leprosy. Although, HLA-DQA1*05 frequency (29.8% vs. 20.9%, P = 0.0424, OR = 1.61, CI = 1.09–2.39) was higher in patients, and HLA-DQA1*02 (3.0% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.0392, OR = 0.39, CI = 0.16 – 0.95) and HLA-DQA1*04 (4.0% vs. 9.1%, P = 0.0314, OR = 0.42, CI = 0.19 – 0.93) frequencies lower, P-values were not significant after the Bonferroni's correction. Furthermore, HLA-DRB1*1601 (9.0% vs. 1.8%; P = 0.0016; OR = 5.81; CI = 2.05–16.46) was associated with susceptibility to borderline leprosy compared to control group, and while HLA-DRB1*08 (11.2% vs. 1.2%; P = 0.0037; OR = 12.00; CI = 1.51 – 95.12) was associated with susceptibility to lepromatous leprosy, when compared to tuberculoid leprosy, DRB1*04 was associated to protection. Conclusion These data confirm the positive association of HLA-DR2 (DRB1*16) with leprosy per se, and the protector effect of DRB1*04 against lepromatous leprosy in Brazilian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira A da Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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