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Obata Y, Abe K, Miyazaki M, Koji T, Tabata Y, Nishino T. The Transfer of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene by Macrophages Ameliorates the Progression of Peritoneal Fibrosis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086951. [PMID: 37108115 PMCID: PMC10139180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) possesses potent antifibrotic activity. Furthermore, macrophages migrate to inflamed sites and have been linked to the progression of fibrosis. In this study, we utilized macrophages as vehicles to express and deliver the HGF gene and investigated whether macrophages carrying the HGF expression vector (HGF-M) could suppress peritoneal fibrosis development in mice. We obtained macrophages from the peritoneal cavity of mice stimulated with 3% thioglycollate and used cationized gelatin microspheres (CGMs) to produce HGF expression vector-gelatin complexes. Macrophages phagocytosed these CGMs, and gene transfer into macrophages was confirmed in vitro. Peritoneal fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) for three weeks; seven days after the first CG injection, HGF-M was administered intravenously. Transplantation of HGF-M significantly suppressed submesothelial thickening and reduced type III collagen expression. Moreover, in the HGF-M-treated group, the number of α-smooth muscle actin- and TGF-β-positive cells were significantly lower in the peritoneum, and ultrafiltration was preserved. Our results indicated that the transplantation of HGF-M prevented the progression of peritoneal fibrosis and indicated that this novel gene therapy using macrophages may have potential for treating peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Obata
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Katsushige Abe
- Abe Diabetes Clinic, 16-13 Nakakasuga-machi, Oita 870-0039, Japan
| | | | - Takehiko Koji
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Jíménez-Arias D, Morales-Sierra S, Silva P, Carrêlo H, Gonçalves A, Ganança JFT, Nunes N, Gouveia CSS, Alves S, Borges JP, Pinheiro de Carvalho MÂA. Encapsulation with Natural Polymers to Improve the Properties of Biostimulants in Agriculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:plants12010055. [PMID: 36616183 PMCID: PMC9823467 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation in agriculture today is practically focused on agrochemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, or fertilizers to enhance the protective or nutritive aspects of the entrapped active ingredients. However, one of the most promising and environmentally friendly technologies, biostimulants, is hardly explored in this field. Encapsulation of biostimulants could indeed be an excellent means of counteracting the problems posed by their nature: they are easily biodegradable, and most of them run off through the soil, losing most of the compounds, thus becoming inaccessible to plants. In this respect, encapsulation seems to be a practical and profitable way to increase the stability and durability of biostimulants under field conditions. This review paper aims to provide researchers working on plant biostimulants with a quick overview of how to get started with encapsulation. Here we describe different techniques and offer protocols and suggestions for introduction to polymer science to improve the properties of biostimulants for future agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jíménez-Arias
- ISOPlexis, Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sarai Morales-Sierra
- Grupo de Biología Vegetal Aplicada, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal-Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Patrícia Silva
- ISOPlexis, Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Henrique Carrêlo
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Adriana Gonçalves
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José Filipe Teixeira Ganança
- ISOPlexis, Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Nuno Nunes
- ISOPlexis, Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- CiTAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla S. S. Gouveia
- ISOPlexis, Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- CiTAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sónia Alves
- ISOPlexis, Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Borges
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro de Carvalho
- ISOPlexis, Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- CiTAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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Zaib S, Saeed Shah H, Usman F, Shahzadi K, Mazhar Asjad H, Khan R, Dera AA, Adel Pashameah R, Alzahrani E, Farouk A, Khan I. Green Synthesis of Gelatin‐Lipid Nanocarriers Incorporating
Berberis aristata
Extract for Cancer Therapy; Physical Characterization, Pharmacological and Molecular Modeling Analysis. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology University of Central Punjab Lahore 54590 Pakistan
| | - Hamid Saeed Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Faisal Usman
- Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 66000 Pakistan
| | - Kiran Shahzadi
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology University of Central Punjab Lahore 54590 Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mazhar Asjad
- Department of Pharmacy Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore Pakistan
| | - Riffat Khan
- College of Pharmacy University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Ayed A. Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Adel Pashameah
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 24230 Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd‐ElAziem Farouk
- Department of Biotechnology College of Science Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN United Kingdom
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Advanced Medical Therapies in the Management of Non-Scarring Alopecia: Areata and Androgenic Alopecia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218390. [PMID: 33182308 PMCID: PMC7664905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a challenging condition for both physicians and patients. Several topical, intralesional, oral, and surgical treatments have been developed in recent decades, but some of those therapies only provide partial improvement. Advanced medical therapies are medical products based on genes, cells, and/or tissue engineering products that have properties in regenerating, repairing, or replacing human tissue. In recent years, numerous applications have been described for advanced medical therapies. With this background, those therapies may have a role in the treatment of various types of alopecia such as alopecia areata and androgenic alopecia. The aim of this review is to provide dermatologists an overview of the different advanced medical therapies that have been applied in the treatment of alopecia, by reviewing clinical and basic research studies as well as ongoing clinical trials.
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Miyazaki M, Obata Y, Abe K, Furusu A, Koji T, Tabata Y, Kohno S. Gene Transfer Using Nonviral Delivery Systems. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080602600603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In peritoneal dialysis, loss of peritoneal function is a major factor in treatment failure. The alterations in peritoneal function are related to structural changes in the peritoneal membrane, including peritoneal sclerosis with increased extracellular matrix. Although peritoneal sclerosis is considered reversible to some extent through peritoneal rest, which improves peritoneal function and facilitates morphological changes, there has been no therapeutic intervention and no drug against the development and progression of peritoneal sclerosis. Using recent biotechnological advances in genetic engineering, a strategy based on genetic modification of the peritoneal membrane could be a potential therapeutic maneuver against peritoneal sclerosis and peritoneal membrane failure. Before this gene therapy may be applied clinically, a safe and effective gene delivery system as well as the selection of a gene therapy method must be established. There are presently two kinds of gene transfer vectors: viral and nonviral. Viral vectors are used mainly as a gene delivery system in the field of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis research; however, they have several problems such as immunogenicity and toxicity. On the other hand, nonviral vectors have several advantages over viral vectors. We review here gene transfer using nonviral vector systems in the peritoneum: electroporation, liposomes, and cationized gelatin microspheres. In the field of peritoneal dialysis, gene therapy research using nonviral vectors is presently limited. Improvement in delivery methods together with an intelligent design of targeted genes has brought about large degrees of enhancement in the efficiency, specificity, and temporal control of nonviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Miyazaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Histology, Kyoto, Japan
- Miyazaki-Furukawa Clinic, Nagasaki
| | - Yoko Obata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Histology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsushige Abe
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Histology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Furusu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Histology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiko Koji
- Cell Biology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Histology, Kyoto, Japan
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Singhal A, Sinha N, Kumari P, Purkayastha M. Synthesis and Applications of Hydrogels in Cancer Therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:1431-1446. [PMID: 31958041 DOI: 10.2174/1871521409666200120094048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are water-insoluble, hydrophilic, cross-linked, three-dimensional networks of polymer chains having the ability to swell and absorb water but do not dissolve in it, that comprise the major difference between gels and hydrogels. The mechanical strength, physical integrity and solubility are offered by the crosslinks. The different applications of hydrogels can be derived based on the methods of their synthesis, response to different stimuli, and their different kinds. Hydrogels are highly biocompatible and have properties similar to human tissues that make it suitable to be used in various biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. The role of hydrogels in cancer therapy is highly emerging in recent years. In the present review, we highlighted different methods of synthesis of hydrogels and their classification based on different parameters. Distinctive applications of hydrogels in the treatment of cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Singhal
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bangalore-560027, India
| | - Niharika Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Gautam Buddha University, Noida, India
| | - Pratibha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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K S J, S S, Kalarikkal N, Pothen LA, Thomas S. Gelatin modified lipid nanoparticles for anti- viral drug delivery. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:24-37. [PMID: 28698149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The major challenges to clinical application of zidovudine are its moderate aqueous solubility and relative short half-life and serious side effects due to frequent administrations. We investigated the preparation of zidovudine-loaded nanoparticles based on lipids which were further modified with the polymer gelatin. Formulation and stability of the modified nanoparticles were analysed from the physico-chemical characterizations. The interactions of nanoparticles with blood components were tested by haemolysis and aggregation studies. The drug content and entrapment efficiencies were assessed by UV analysis. The effect of nanoparticles on protein adsorption was assessed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). In vitro release studies showed a sustained release profile of zidovudine. In vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of the zidovudine-loaded nanoparticles were performed in MCF-7 and neuro 2a brain cells. The enhanced cellular internalization of drug loaded modified nanoparticles in both the cell lines were revealed by fluorescence microscopy. Hence the present study focuses on the feasibility of zidovudine-loaded polymer modified lipid nanoparticles as carriers for safe and efficient HIV/AIDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshy K S
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College Kottayam, Kerala, India; International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - Snigdha S
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, Kerala, India; School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - Laly A Pothen
- Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikkara, Kerala, India.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, Kerala, India; School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, Kerala, India.
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8
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Fujita M, Otani H, Iwasaki M, Yoshioka K, Shimazu T, Shiojima I, Tabata Y. Antagomir-92a impregnated gelatin hydrogel microsphere sheet enhances cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction in rats. Regen Ther 2016; 5:9-16. [PMID: 31245495 PMCID: PMC6581790 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We investigated whether attachment of gelatin hydrogel microsphere (GHM) sheet impregnated with antagomir-92a on the infarcted heart promotes angiogenesis and cardiomyogenesis, and improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Methods GHM sheet impregnated with antagomir-92a, its scramble sequence antagomir-control sheet or the sheet alone was attached on the area at risk of MI after the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was included in the sheet to trace proliferating cells. Results The antagomir-92a sheet significantly increased capillary density in the infarct border zone 14 days after MI compared to the antagomir-control sheet or the sheet alone, associated with an increase in endothelial cells incorporated with BrdU. The antagomir-92a sheet significantly increased cardiac stem cells incorporated with BrdU 3 days after MI in the infarct border zone. This was associated with an increase in cardiomyocytes incorporated with BrdU 14 days after MI. Scar area was significantly reduced by the antagomir-92a sheet compared to the antagomir-control sheet or the sheet alone (12.8 ± 1.3 vs 25.2 ± 2.2, 24.0 ± 1.7% LV area, respectively) 14 days after MI. LV dilatation was inhibited, and LV wall motion was improved 14 days after MI in rats with the antagomir-92a sheet compared to the antagomir-control sheet or the sheet alone. Conclusions These results suggest that attachment of the GHM sheet impregnated with antagomir-92a on the area at risk of MI enhances angiogenesis, promotes cardiomyogenesis, and ameliorates LV function.
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Key Words
- Angiogenesis
- BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DDA, double-distilled water
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FS, fractional shortening
- GA, glutaraldehyde
- GHM, gelatin hydrogel microsphere
- Gelatin hydrogel microsphere
- Heart regeneration
- LAD, left anterior descending
- LV, left ventricular
- LVDd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter
- LVDs, left ventricular end-systolic diameter
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- MicroRNA-92a
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- miRs, microRNAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Fujita
- Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi City, Japan
| | - Hajime Otani
- Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi City, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi City, Japan
| | - Kei Yoshioka
- Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi City, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shimazu
- Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi City, Japan
| | - Ichiro Shiojima
- Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi City, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
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Gill KS, Fernandes P, O'Donovan TR, McKenna SL, Doddakula KK, Power DG, Soden DM, Forde PF. Glycolysis inhibition as a cancer treatment and its role in an anti-tumour immune response. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:87-105. [PMID: 27373814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased glycolysis is the main source of energy supply in cancer cells that use this metabolic pathway for ATP generation. Altered energy metabolism is a biochemical fingerprint of cancer cells that represents one of the "hallmarks of cancer". The immune system can prevent tumour growth by eliminating cancer cells but this editing process ultimately results in poorly immunogenic cells remaining allowing for unchallenged tumour growth. In this review we look at the glycolysis pathway as a target for cancer treatments. We also examine the interplay between the glycolysis modulation and the immune response as an anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheshwant S Gill
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Philana Fernandes
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tracey R O'Donovan
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sharon L McKenna
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Derek G Power
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Medical Oncology, Mercy University Hospital, Grenville Place, Cork, Ireland
| | - Declan M Soden
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick F Forde
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Jo JI, Tabata Y. How controlled release technology can aid gene delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1689-701. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1048221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Yewale C, Baradia D, Vhora I, Misra A. Proteins: emerging carrier for delivery of cancer therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1429-48. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.805200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Mizuno S, Nakamura T. HGF-MET cascade, a key target for inhibiting cancer metastasis: the impact of NK4 discovery on cancer biology and therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:888-919. [PMID: 23296269 PMCID: PMC3565297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14010888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was discovered in 1984 as a mitogen of rat hepatocytes in a primary culture system. In the mid-1980s, MET was identified as an oncogenic mutant protein that induces malignant phenotypes in a human cell line. In the early 1990s, wild-type MET was shown to be a functional receptor of HGF. Indeed, HGF exerts multiple functions, such as proliferation, morphogenesis and anti-apoptosis, in various cells via MET tyrosine kinase phosphorylation. During the past 20 years, we have accumulated evidence that HGF is an essential conductor for embryogenesis and tissue regeneration in various types of organs. Furthermore, we found in the mid-1990s that stroma-derived HGF is a major contributor to cancer invasion at least in vitro. Based on this background, we prepared NK4 as an antagonist of HGF: NK4 inhibits HGF-mediated MET tyrosine phosphorylation by competing with HGF for binding to MET. In vivo, NK4 treatments produced the anti-tumor outcomes in mice bearing distinct types of malignant cancers, associated with the loss in MET activation. There are now numerous reports showing that HGF-antagonists and MET-inhibitors are logical for inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, NK4 exerts anti-angiogenic effects, partly through perlecan-dependent cascades. This paper focuses on the chronology and significance of HGF-antagonisms in anti-tumor researches, with an interest in NK4 discovery. Tumor HGF–MET axis is now critical for drug resistance and cancer stem cell maintenance. Thus, oncologists cannot ignore this cascade for the future success of anti-metastatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Mizuno
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-B7 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Toshikazu Nakamura
- Division for Regenerative Drug Discovery, Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +81-6-6879-4130
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13
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Gelatin nanospheres incorporating siRNA for controlled intracellular release. Biomaterials 2012; 33:9097-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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HSP47 siRNA conjugated with cationized gelatin microspheres suppresses peritoneal fibrosis in mice. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2688-96. [PMID: 22487929 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), a collagen-specific molecular chaperone, is essential for the biosynthesis and secretion of collagen and is expressed in the fibrotic peritoneum. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of HSP47 small interfering RNA (siRNA) to suppress the development of peritoneal fibrosis induced by chlorhexidine gluconate in mice. We initially confirmed that biodegradable cationized gelatin microspheres (CGMs) containing HSP47 siRNA could continuously release siRNA over 21 days as a result of microsphere degradation. We then determined that a single injection of CGMs incorporating HSP47 siRNA suppressed collagen expression and macrophage infiltration, thereby preventing peritoneal fibrosis. Therefore, we suggest that this controlled-release technology using HSP47 siRNA is a potential treatment for peritoneal fibrosis. Additionally, RNA interference combined with CGMs as a drug-delivery system may lead to new strategies for knocking down specific genes in vivo.
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15
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Doi N, Jo JI, Tabata Y. Preparation of Biodegradable Gelatin Nanospheres with a Narrow Size Distribution for Carrier of Cellular Internalization of Plasmid DNA. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 23:991-1004. [DOI: 10.1163/092050611x568214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Doi
- a Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Jo
- b Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- c Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Kushibiki T, Tomoshige R, Iwanaga K, Kakemi M, Tabata Y. In vitro transfection of plasmid DNA by cationized gelatin prepared from different amine compounds. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 17:645-58. [PMID: 16892726 DOI: 10.1163/156856206777346278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to compare the in vitro transfection efficiency of a luciferase plasmid DNA using cationized gelatin prepared from different amine compounds. The compounds used here were ethylenediamine, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, chemically introduced to the carboxyl group of gelatin for the cationization. Complexation of the cationized gelatin with the plasmid DNA was performed by simply mixing the two materials at various N+/P- mixing ratios (the molar number ratio of amino groups of gelatin to the phosphate groups of DNA) in aqueous solution. Gel retardation studies revealed that the formation of cationized-gelatin-plasmid DNA complexes depended on the N+/P- mixing ratio. The stronger interaction of plasmid DNA with the cationized gelatin of spermine compared to the other cationized gelatins was observed by an ethidium bromide intercalation assay and Scatchard binding analysis. When the transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA complexed with the various cationized gelatins at different N+/P- mixing ratios was evaluated for mouse L929 fibroblasts, the highest transfection efficiency was observed for the complex prepared from the cationized gelatin of spermine at a N+/P- mixing ratio of 2. The present study indicates that there is an optimal N+/P- mixing ratio and a type of amine compound or cationization extent of cationized gelatin to enhance the transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kushibiki
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Reddy NN, Varaprasad K, Ravindra S, Reddy GS, Reddy K, Mohan Reddy K, Raju KM. Evaluation of blood compatibility and drug release studies of gelatin based magnetic hydrogel nanocomposites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kaneda Y. Update on non-viral delivery methods for cancer therapy: possibilities of a drug delivery system with anticancer activities beyond delivery as a new therapeutic tool. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:1079-93. [PMID: 20716020 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.510511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Cancer is the most formidable human disease. Owing to the heterogeneity of cancer, a single-treatment modality is insufficient for the complete elimination of cancer cells. Therapeutic strategies from various aspects are needed for cancer therapy. These therapeutic agents should be carefully selected to enhance multiple therapeutic pathways. Non-viral delivery methods have been utilized to enhance the tumor-selective delivery of therapeutic molecules, including proteins, synthetic oligonucleotides, small compounds and genes. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW As non-viral delivery methods, liposomes and polymer-based delivery materials to target tumors mainly by systemic delivery, physical methods including electroporation, sonoporation, and so on, to locally inject therapeutic molecules, and virosomes to use the viral infectious machinery for the delivery of therapeutic molecules are summarized. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This article aims to provide an overview of the characteristic properties of each non-viral vector. It will be beneficial to utilize appropriately the vector for cancer treatment. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Efficient and minimally invasive vectors are generally considered to be the ideal drug delivery system (DDS). However, against cancer, DDS equipped with antitumor activities may be a therapeutic choice. By combining therapeutic molecules with DDS having antitumor activities, enhancement of the multiple therapeutic pathways may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Kaneda
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Gene Therapy Science, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Kabashima K, Sakabe JI, Yoshiki R, Tabata Y, Kohno K, Tokura Y. Involvement of Wnt signaling in dermal fibroblasts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 176:721-32. [PMID: 20042673 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pachydermoperiostosis (PDP) is a rare disease characterized by unique phenotypes of the skin and bone, such as thick skin, implying that it may be caused by dysregulation of mesenchymal cells. The aim of this study is to examine the roles of dermal fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of pachydermia in association with Wnt signaling. The numbers of cultured fibroblasts were compared between healthy donors and PDP patients, and mRNA expression profiles in cultured dermal fibroblasts were examined by DNA microarray analysis and real-time reverse transcription-PCR. DKK1 and beta-catenin protein expressions were also evaluated by immunohistochemistry in the skin. To evaluate the in vivo roles of DKK1 in mice, DKK1 small interfering RNA was injected to the ears. We found that PDP fibroblasts proliferated more than control fibroblasts and that mRNA expression of a Wnt signaling antagonist, DKK1, was much lower in PDP fibroblasts than in normal ones. Consistently, decreased expression of DKK1 in fibroblasts and enhanced expression of beta-catenin were noted in PDP patients. Moreover, recombinant human DKK1 protein decreased the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts. In accord with the above human studies, intradermal injections of DKK1 small interfering RNA into mouse ears increased ear thickness as seen in PDP. Our findings suggest that enhanced Wnt signaling contributes to the development of pachydermia by enhancing dermal fibroblast functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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Nezhadi SH, Choong PF, Lotfipour F, Dass CR. Gelatin-based delivery systems for cancer gene therapy. J Drug Target 2009; 17:731-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10611860903096540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Spadaccio C, Chello M, Trombetta M, Rainer A, Toyoda Y, Genovese JA. Drug releasing systems in cardiovascular tissue engineering. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:422-39. [PMID: 19379142 PMCID: PMC3822506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease and atherosclerosis are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The lack of suitable autologous grafts has produced a need for artificial grafts; however, current artificial grafts carry significant limitations, including thrombosis, infection, limited durability and the inability to grow. Tissue engineering of blood vessels, cardiovascular structures and whole organs is a promising approach for creating replacement tissues to repair congenital defects and/or diseased tissues. In an attempt to surmount the shortcomings of artificial grafts, tissue-engineered cardiovascular graft (TECVG), constructs obtained using cultured autologous vascular cells seeded onto a synthetic biodegradable polymer scaffold, have been developed. Autologous TECVGs have the potential advantages of growth, durability, resistance to infection, and freedom from problems of rejection, thrombogenicity and donor scarcity. Moreover polymers engrafted with growth factors, cytokines, drugs have been developed allowing drug-releasing systems capable of focused and localized delivery of molecules depending on the environmental requirements and the milieu in which the scaffold is placed. A broad range of applications for compound-releasing, tissue-engineered grafts have been suggested ranging from drug delivery to gene therapy. This review will describe advances in the development of drug-delivery systems for cardiovascular applications focusing on the manufacturing techniques and on the compounds delivered by these systems to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Spadaccio
- Cardiac and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heart, Lung & Esophageal Surgery Institute University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Buhles A, Collins SA, van Pijkeren JP, Rajendran S, Miles M, O'Sullivan GC, O'Hanlon DM, Tangney M. Anti-metastatic effects of viral and non-viral mediated Nk4 delivery to tumours. GENETIC VACCINES AND THERAPY 2009; 7:5. [PMID: 19272140 PMCID: PMC2669068 DOI: 10.1186/1479-0556-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The most common cause of death of cancer sufferers is through the occurrence of metastases. The metastatic behaviour of tumour cells is regulated by extracellular growth factors such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a ligand for the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase, and aberrant expression/activation of the c-Met receptor is closely associated with metastatic progression. Nk4 (also known as Interleukin (IL)32b) is a competitive antagonist of the HGF c-Met system and inhibits c-Met signalling and tumour metastasis. Nk4 has an additional anti-angiogenic activity independent of its HGF-antagonist function. Angiogenesis-inhibitory as well as cancer-specific apoptosis inducing effects make the Nk4 sequence an attractive candidate for gene therapy of cancer. This study investigates the inhibition of tumour metasasis by gene therapy mediated production of Nk4 by the primary tumour. Optimal delivery of anti-cancer genes is vital in order to achieve the highest therapeutic responses. Non-viral plasmid delivery methods have the advantage of safety and ease of production, providing immediate transgene expression, albeit short-lived in most tumours. Sustained presence of anti-angiogenic molecules is preferable with anti-angiogenic therapies, and the long-term expression mediated by Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) might represent a more appropriate delivery in this respect. However, the incubation time required by AAV vectors to reach appropriate gene expression levels hampers efficacy in many fast-growing murine tumour models. Here, we describe murine trials assessing the effects of Nk4 on the spontaneously metastatic Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) model when delivered to primary tumour via plasmid lipofection or AAV2 vector. Intratumoural AAV-Nk4 administration produced the highest therapeutic response with significant reduction in both primary tumour growth and incidence of lung metastases. Plasmid-mediated therapy also significantly reduced metastatic growth, but with moderate reduction in primary subcutaneous tumour growth. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential for Nk4 gene therapy of metastatic tumours, when delivered by AAV or non-viral methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Buhles
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Mercy University Hospital, Leslie C Quick Junior Laboratory, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Abstract
Tissue engineering is a newly emerging biomedical technology and methodology to assist and accelerate the regeneration and repairing of defective and damaged tissues based on the natural healing potentials of patients themselves. For the new therapeutic strategy, it is indispensable to provide cells with a local environment that enhances and regulates their proliferation and differentiation for cell-based tissue regeneration. Biomaterial technology plays an important role in the creation of this cell environment. For example, the biomaterial scaffolds and the drug delivery system (DDS) of biosignalling molecules have been investigated to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of cell potential for tissue regeneration. In addition, the scaffold and DDS technologies contribute to develop the basic research of stem cell biology and medicine as well as obtain a large number of cells with a high quality for cell transplantation therapy. A technology to genetically engineer cells for their functional manipulation is also useful for cell research and therapy. Several examples of tissue engineering applications with the cell scaffold and DDS of growth factors and genes are introduced to emphasize the significance of biomaterial technology in new therapeutic and research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Suppression of growth of Hela, EJ, SK-OV-3 and MDA-MB-231 cells by recombinant human NK4. Chin J Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-009-0028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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NK4, an HGF antagonist, prevents hematogenous pulmonary metastasis by inhibiting adhesion of CT26 cells to endothelial cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2009; 26:447-56. [PMID: 19234748 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-009-9244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a definitive role in invasive, angiogenic, and metastatic activities of tumor cells by binding to the c-Met receptor. NK4, a competitive antagonist for HGF and the c-Met receptor, prevents tumor cell growth and metastasis via its bifunctional properties to act as an HGF antagonist and angiogenesis inhibitor. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effectiveness of NK4 on hematogenous pulmonary metastasis of the CT26 murine colon cancer cell line, focusing on tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells. In an in vitro adhesion assay, HGF facilitated adhesion of CT26 cells to a murine endothelial cell line (F-2) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the enhancing effect of HGF on CT26-F-2 cell interaction was blocked by NK4 as well as by anti-HGF antibody. Similarly, HGF-induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), downstream of integrin signaling, was reduced by NK4 and by anti-HGF antibody. However, distinct integrin expression on the surface of CT26 cells was not altered by HGF. In an in vivo experimental pulmonary metastasis assay, stable NK4 expression potently decreased the number of pulmonary metastatic foci. The NK4-induced suppression of pulmonary metastasis was partially reversed when HGF was intraperitoneally administered in an adhesive phase. These results suggest that NK4 could act on tumor cells to inhibit CT26 adhesion to endothelial cells by reducing FAK phosphorylation, which is regulated by inside-out HGF/c-Met signaling, and thereby suppress hematogenous pulmonary metastasis.
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Li Z, Xiang J, Zhang W, Fan S, Wu M, Li X, Li G. Nanoparticle delivery of anti-metastatic NM23-H1 gene improves chemotherapy in a mouse tumor model. Cancer Gene Ther 2008; 16:423-9. [PMID: 19096443 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2008.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy provides a promising approach for cancer treatment. Earlier studies suggested that poly-L-lysine-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP-PLL) might be a promising gene delivery system that can transfect DNA efficiently in vitro and in vivo. In this study we used IONP-PLL as gene carriers to deliver the NM23-H1 gene, the first suppressor gene of cancer metastasis, to tumor cells in vivo. The intravenous injection of IONP-PLL carrying NM23-H1-GFP plasmid DNA significantly extended the survival time of an experimental pulmonary metastasis mouse model. In the IONP-PLL/NM23-H1-GFP-treated group, metastasis was clearly suppressed compared with the group treated with free NM23-H1-GFP plasmid. Furthermore, this gene therapy combined with cyclophosphamide treatment resulted in longer survival times and greater suppression of metastasis growth. In conclusion, treatment with IONP-PLL nanoparticles incorporating the NM23-H1gene is an efficient gene therapy method, and it is even more effective in combination with chemotherapy. This approach appears to be a promising strategy for treatment of metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
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Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Sakai K, Nakamura T. Hepatocyte growth factor and Met in tumor biology and therapeutic approach with NK4. Proteomics 2008; 8:3360-70. [PMID: 18646008 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and Met/HGF receptor tyrosine kinase play a role in the progression to invasive and metastatic cancers. A variety of cancer cells secrete molecules that enhance HGF expression in stromal fibroblasts, while fibroblast-derived HGF, in turn, is a potent stimulator of the invasion of cancer cells. In addition to the ligand-dependent activation, Met receptor activation is negatively regulated by cell-cell contact and Ser985 phosphorylation in the juxtamembrane of Met. The loss of intercellular junctions may facilitate an escape from the cell-cell contact-dependent suppression of Met-signaling. Significance of juxtamembrane mutations found in human cancers is assumed to be a loss-of-function in the negative regulation of Met. In attempts to block the malignant behavior of cancers, NK4 was isolated as a competitive antagonist against HGF-Met signaling. Independently on its HGF-antagonist action, NK4 inhibited angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial cell growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, as well as HGF. In experimental models of distinct types of cancers, NK4 inhibited Met activation and this was associated with inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis. NK4 inhibited tumor angiogenesis, thereby suppressing angiogenesis-dependent tumor growth. Cancer treatment with NK4 suppresses malignant tumors to be "static" in both tumor growth and spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Matsumoto
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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Cipriani NA, Abidoye OO, Vokes E, Salgia R. MET as a target for treatment of chest tumors. Lung Cancer 2008; 63:169-79. [PMID: 18672314 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase MET has been studied of a large variety of human cancers, including lung and mesothelioma. The MET receptor and its ligand HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) play important roles in cell growth, survival and migration, and dysregulation of the HGF-MET pathway leads to oncogenic changes including tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. In small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), MET is dysregulated via overexpression, constitutive activation, gene amplification, ligand-dependent activation, mutation or epigenetic mechanisms. New drugs targeted against MET and HGF are currently being investigated in vitro and in vivo, with promising results. These drugs function at a variety of steps within the HGF-MET pathway, including MET expression at the RNA or protein level, the ligand-receptor interaction, and tyrosine kinase function. This paper will review the structure, function, mechanisms of tumorigenesis, and potential for therapeutic inhibition of the MET receptor in lung cancer and mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Cipriani
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Nishikawa T, Nakagami H, Maeda A, Morishita R, Miyazaki N, Ogawa T, Tabata Y, Kikuchi Y, Hayashi H, Tatsu Y, Yumoto N, Tamai K, Tomono K, Kaneda Y. Development of a novel antimicrobial peptide, AG-30, with angiogenic properties. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 13:535-46. [PMID: 18410525 PMCID: PMC3822513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The utility of various synthetic peptides has been investigated in clinical trials of the treatment of cancers, infectious diseases and endocrine diseases. In the process of functional gene screening with in silico analysis for molecules with angiogenic properties, we generated a small peptide, angiogenic peptide (AG)-30, that possesses both antimicrobial and pro-inflammatory activities. AG-30 has an α-helix structure with a number of hydrophobic or net positively charged amino acids and a propensity to fold into amphipathic structures. Indeed, AG-30 exhibited antimicrobial activity against various bacteria, induced vascular endothelial cell growth and tube formation in a dose-dependent manner and increased neovascularization in a Matrigel plug assay. As a result, AG-30 up-regulated expression of angiogenesis-related cytokines and growth factors for up to 72 hrs in human aortic endothelial cells. To further evaluate the angiogenic effect of AG-30 in vivo, we developed a slow-release AG-30 system utilizing biodegradable gelatin microspheres. In the ischaemic mouse hind limb, slow-release AG-30 treatment results in an increase in angiogenic score, an increase in blood flow (as demonstrated by laser Doppler imaging) and an increase in capillary density (as demonstrated by immunostaining with anti-CD31 antibody). These data suggest that the novel peptide, AG-30, may have therapeutic potential for ischaemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nishikawa
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Nakamura M, Jo JI, Tabata Y, Ishikawa O. Controlled delivery of T-box21 small interfering RNA ameliorates autoimmune alopecia (Alopecia Areata) in a C3H/HeJ mouse model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 172:650-8. [PMID: 18245811 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune alopecia (alopecia areata) is considered to be triggered by a collapse of immune privilege in hair follicles. Here we confirmed that infiltrating CD4 T lymphocytes around hair follicles of patients with alopecia areata were primarily CCR5-positive with few CCR4-positive cells, suggesting a dominant role of Th1 cells in the alopecic lesion. Given this finding, we sought to elucidate the effect of cytokine therapy in C3H/HeJ mice, a mouse model of alopecia areata, by applying recombinant interleukin-4 and neutralizing anti-interferon-gamma antibody. We found that local injections of both interleukin-4 and neutralizing anti-interferon-gamma antibody effectively treated alopecia in C3H/HeJ mice. Results from immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that intralesional injection of interleukin-4 suppressed CD8 T cell infiltrates around the hair follicles and repressed enhanced interferon-gamma mRNA expression in the affected alopecic skin. Furthermore, Th1 transcription factor T-box21 small interfering RNAs conjugated to cationized gelatin showed mitigating effects on alopecia in C3H/HeJ mice, resulting in the restoration of hair shaft elongation. Taken together, the use of gelatin-small interfering RNA conjugates promises to be a novel, efficient, and safe tool as an alternative gene therapy for the treatment of various human diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first report of effective controlled delivery of small interfering RNA using biodegradable cationized gelatin microspheres in an animal model of disease.
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Agarwal A, Unfer RC, Mallapragada SK. Dual-role self-assembling nanoplexes for efficient gene transfection and sustained gene delivery. Biomaterials 2008; 29:607-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jo JI, Tabata Y. Non-viral gene transfection technologies for genetic engineering of stem cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 68:90-104. [PMID: 17870447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent rapid progress of molecular biology together with the steady progress of genome projects has given us some essential and revolutionary information about DNA and RNA to elucidate various biological phenomena at a genetic level. Under these circumstances, the technology and methodology of gene transfection have become more and more important to enhance the efficacy of gene therapy for several diseases. In addition, gene transfection is a fundamental technology indispensable to the further research development of basic biology and medicine regarding stem cells. Stem cells genetically manipulated will enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cell transplantation. In this paper, the carrier and technology of gene delivery are briefly overviewed while the applications to the basic researches of biology and medicine as well as regenerative medical therapy are introduced. A new non-viral carrier and the cell culture system are described to efficiently manipulate stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichiro Jo
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Xia Z, Abe K, Furusu A, Miyazaki M, Obata Y, Tabata Y, Koji T, Kohno S. Suppression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by small interfering RNA targeting heat shock protein 47. Am J Nephrol 2007; 28:34-46. [PMID: 17890856 DOI: 10.1159/000108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a well-established model for tubulointerstitial fibrosis. During the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, upregulation of collagen synthesis and subsequent accumulation of collagen were observed in the tubulointerstitial area. Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a collagen-specific molecular chaperone and plays an essential role in regulating collagen synthesis. We designed small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences for HSP47 mRNA to examine whether HSP47 is involved in the progression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a mouse UUO model. METHODS The HSP47 siRNA was injected once via the ureter at the time of UUO preparation. We also applied a new gene delivery system for siRNA using cationized gelatin microspheres. The kidneys were harvested 7 and 14 days after UUO. The HSP47 and type I, III, and IV collagen expression levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS Seven days after UUO, the expression levels of HSP47 and type I, III, and IV collagens were markedly upregulated in obstructed kidneys or green fluorescent protein siRNA treated obstructed kidneys. HSP47 siRNA injection significantly reduced the protein expression levels and significantly diminished the accompanying interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, cationized gelatin microspheres as a delivery system enhanced and lengthened the antifibrotic effect of HSP47 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that HSP47 is a candidate target for the prevention of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and that selective blockade of the HSP47 expression by using siRNA could be a potentially useful therapeutic approach for patients with renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Xia
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is one of the most common disabilities in our society. Experimentally, many candidates for therapeutic molecules have been discovered. However, the lack of safe and effective methods for drug delivery to the cochlea has been a considerable obstacle to clinical application. Local application of therapeutic molecules into the cochlea has been used in clinic and in animal experiments. Advances in pharmacological technology provide various drug delivery systems via biomaterials, which can be utilized for local drug delivery to the cochlea. Recent studies in the field of otology have demonstrated the potential of synthetic and natural biomaterials for local drug delivery to the cochlea. Although problems still remain to be resolved for clinical application, introduction into clinical practice of these controlled-release systems may be reasonable because of their certain advantages over previous methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Sugiura S, Oda T, Aoyagi Y, Matsuo R, Enomoto T, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Satake M, Ochiai A, Ohkohchi N, Nakajima M. Microfabricated airflow nozzle for microencapsulation of living cells into 150 micrometer microcapsules. Biomed Microdevices 2006; 9:91-9. [PMID: 17106639 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-006-9011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of genetically engineered cells has attracted much attention as an alternative nonviral strategy to gene therapy. Though smaller microcapsules (i.e. less than 300 microm) theoretically have various advantages, technical limitations made it difficult to prove this notion. We have developed a novel microfabricated device, namely a micro-airflow-nozzle (MAN), to produce 100 to 300 microm alginate microcapsules with a narrow size distribution. The MAN is composed of a nozzle with a 60 microm internal diameter for an alginate solution channel and airflow channels next to the nozzle. An alginate solution extruded through the nozzle was sheared by the airflow. The resulting alginate droplets fell directly into a CaCl2 solution, and calcium alginate beads were formed. The device enabled us to successfully encapsulate living cells into 150 microm microcapsules, as well as control microcapsule size by simply changing the airflow rate. The encapsulated cells had a higher growth rate and greater secretion activity of marker protein in 150 microm microcapsules compared to larger microcapsules prepared by conventional methods because of their high diffusion efficiency and effective scaffold surface area. The advantages of smaller microcapsules offer new prospects for the advancement of microencapsulation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sugiura
- Food Engineering Division, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
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Hosseinkhani H, Kushibiki T, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Tabata Y. Enhanced suppression of tumor growth using a combination of NK4 plasmid DNA-PEG engrafted cationized dextran complex and ultrasound irradiation. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 13:479-89. [PMID: 16276347 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This investigation aims to determine experimentally whether or not ultrasound (US) irradiation is effective in enhancing the in vivo gene expression of NK4 plasmid DNA and suppressing tumor growth. NK4, composed of the NH2-terminal hairpin and subsequent four-kringle domains of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), acts as an HGF-antagonist and angiogenesis inhibitor. Dextran was cationized by introducing spermine to the hydroxyl groups to allow for polyionic complexation with NK4 plasmid DNA. The cationized dextran was additionally modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecules giving PEG engrafted cationized dextran. Significant suppression of tumor growth was observed when PEG engrafted cationized dextran-NK4 plasmid DNA complexes were intravenously injected into mice carrying a subcutaneous Lewis lung carcinoma tumor mass with subsequent US irradiation when compared with the cationized dextran-NK4 plasmid DNA complex and naked NK4 plasmid DNA with or without US irradiation. We conclude that complexation with PEG-engrafted cationized dextran in combination with US irradiation is a promising way to target the NK4 plasmid DNA to the tumor for gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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38
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Kasper FK, Jerkins E, Tanahashi K, Barry MA, Tabata Y, Mikos AG. Characterization of DNA release from composites of oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) and cationized gelatin microspheres
in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 78:823-35. [PMID: 16741980 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This research investigates the release of plasmid DNA from novel hydrogel composites of oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) and cationized gelatin microspheres (CGMS), as well as the swelling and degradation of these materials in vitro. The release of total DNA and of double-stranded DNA was measured fluorescently, and the swelling properties and polymer mass loss of the hydrogels were assessed. Further, the structural integrity of the released DNA was determined through electrophoresis. It was found that plasmid DNA can be released in a sustained fashion over the course of up to 49-140 days in vitro from hydrogels of OPF synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol) of nominal molecular weights of 10 kDa and 3 kDa, respectively, with the release kinetics depending upon the material composition and the method of DNA loading. Released DNA was predominately double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in structure and of the open-circular conformation. The results suggest that DNA release from hydrogel composites of OPF and CGMS is dominated by the degradation of the OPF component of the gels. Electrophoresis results indicate that the released DNA retains suitable conformation for potential bioactivity over the course of at least 63 days of release. Thus, these studies demonstrate the potential of composites of OPF and CGMS in controlled gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, PO Box 1892, MS-142, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA
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39
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Lai JY, Lu PL, Chen KH, Tabata Y, Hsiue GH. Effect of Charge and Molecular Weight on the Functionality of Gelatin Carriers for Corneal Endothelial Cell Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:1836-44. [PMID: 16768405 DOI: 10.1021/bm0601575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell transplantation strategies usually involve the use of supporting carrier materials because of the soft and fragile nature of these grafts. In this work, a cell-adhesive gelatin hydrogel carrier was fabricated to deliver cultivated human corneal endothelial cell (HCEC) sheets, which were harvested from thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-grafted culture surfaces. The carrier disks, consisting of gelatins with a different isoelectric point (IEP = 5.0 and 9.0) and a molecular weight (MW) ranging from 3 to 100 kDa, were subjected to 16.6 kGy gamma irradiation for sterilization. The effect of IEP and MW of the raw gelatins (i.e., before irradiation) on the functionality of sterilized disks was studied by determinations of mechanical property, water content, dissolution degree, and cytocompatibility. Irrespective of the IEP of raw gelatin, hydrogel disks prepared with high MW (100 kDa) exhibited a greater tensile strength, lower water content, and slower dissolution rate than those made of low MW gelatin (8 and 3 kDa). From the investigation of cellular responses to the disks, the negatively charged gelatin (IEP = 5.0) groups were more cytocompatible when compared with their positively charged counterparts (IEP = 9.0) at the same MW (100 kDa). Additionally, in the negatively charged gelatin groups, only a slight increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was observed with increasing MW of gelatin from 3 to 100 kDa. It is concluded that the gamma-sterilized hydrogel disks made from raw gelatins (IEP = 5.0, MW = 100 kDa) with appropriate dissolution degree and acceptable cytocompatibility are capable of providing stable mechanical support, making these carriers promising candidates for intraocular delivery of cultivated HCEC sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, ROC
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40
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Kushibiki T, Tomoshige R, Iwanaga K, Kakemi M, Tabata Y. Controlled release of plasmid DNA from hydrogels prepared from gelatin cationized by different amine compounds. J Control Release 2006; 112:249-56. [PMID: 16545479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper is an investigation to compare the in vivo controlled release of a plasmid DNA from biodegradable hydrogels prepared from gelatin cationized by different amine compounds, ethylenediamine, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine and the consequent profile of gene expression. Cationized gelatin prepared through the chemical introduction of each amine compound was crosslinked by various concentrations of glutaraldehyde to obtain cationized gelatin hydrogels for the carrier of plasmid DNA release. When the cationized gelatin hydrogels incorporating 125I-labeled plasmid DNA were implanted into the femoral muscle of mice, the radioactivity remaining decreased with time and the retention period of radioactivity prolonged with a decrease in the water content of hydrogels. When 125I-labeled cationized gelatin hydrogels with the higher water content was implanted, the radioactivity remaining was decreased faster with time. The remaining time profile of plasmid DNA radioactivity was in good accordance with that of hydrogel radioactivity, irrespective of the type of cationized gelatin. Following intramuscular implantation, any cationized gelatin hydrogel incorporating plasmid DNA enhanced the expression level of plasmid DNA to a significantly higher extent than the free plasmid DNA injection. In addition, prolonged time period of gene expression was observed although there was no significant difference in the expressed period between the cationized gelatin hydrogels. It was concluded that plasmid DNA of biological activity was released from every cationized gelatin hydrogel accompanied with the in vivo degradation, resulting in enhanced and prolonged gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kushibiki
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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41
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Abstract
Cancers are diverse and often resistant to therapeutic strategies. Gene therapy has yet to meet the promise of a breakthrough in cancer therapy. There are several barriers to overcome in cancer gene therapy. One of the biggest challenges is the design of appropriate vectors. Numerous viral and non-viral methods for gene transfer have been developed for human gene therapy, but both viral and non-viral vectors have limitations and advantages. In this review article, recent improvements in the development of non-viral vectors for delivering gene therapy for the treatment of cancer will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Kaneda
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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42
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Matsumoto G, Kushibiki T, Kinoshita Y, Lee U, Omi Y, Kubota E, Tabata Y. Cationized gelatin delivery of a plasmid DNA expressing small interference RNA for VEGF inhibits murine squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:313-21. [PMID: 16630124 PMCID: PMC11159315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) plays a major role in RNA interference (RNAi), a process in which segments of dsRNA are initially cleaved by the Dicer into shorter segments (21-23 nt) called small interfering RNA (siRNA). These siRNA then specifically target homologous mRNA molecules causing them to be degraded by cellular ribonucleases. RNAi down regulates endogenous gene expression in mammalian cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key molecule in vasculogenesis as well as in angiogenesis. Tumor growth is an angiogenesis-dependent process, and therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting angiogenesis are theoretically attractive. To investigate the feasibility of using siRNA for VEGF in the specific knockdown of VEGF mRNA, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis, we have performed experiments with a DNA vector based on a siRNA system that targets VEGF (siVEGF). It almost completely inhibited the expression of three different isoforms (VEGF120, VEGF164 and VEGF188) of VEGF mRNA and the secretion of VEGF protein in mouse squamous cell carcinoma NRS-1 cells. The siVEGF released from cationized gelatin microspheres suppressed tumor growth in vivo. A marked reduction in vascularity accompanied the inhibition of a siVEGF-transfected tumor. Fluorescent microscopic study showed that the complex of siVEGF with cationized gelatin microspheres was still present around the tumor 10 days after injection, while free siVEGF had vanished by that time. siVEGF gene therapy increased the fraction of vessels covered by pericytes and induced expression of angiopoietin-1 by pericytes. These data suggest that cationized-gelatin microspheres containing siVEGF can be used to normalize tumor vasculature and inhibit tumor growth in a NRS-1 squamous cell carcinoma xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goichi Matsumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanagawa Dental College, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan.
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43
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Kasper FK, Young S, Tanahashi K, Barry MA, Tabata Y, Jansen JA, Mikos AG. Evaluation of bone regeneration by DNA release from composites of oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) and cationized gelatin microspheres in a critical-sized calvarial defect. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 78:335-42. [PMID: 16639744 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This research examines the bone formation response to release of plasmid DNA encoding human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 from hydrogel composites consisting of cationized gelatin microspheres (CGMS) embedded within a crosslinked oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) hydrogel network in a critical-sized rat cranial defect model after 30 days. Four composite groups were investigated: (1) composites with 10 microg DNA loaded into the CGMS phase, (2) composites with 10 microg DNA loaded into the OPF phase, (3) composites with 100 microg DNA loaded into the OPF phase, and (4) composites without DNA (material control). Light microscopy revealed no enhancement in bone formation for groups releasing plasmid DNA, relative to the material control group. Limited formation of new bone was observed from the defect margins and within the defect for some samples. The hydrogels swelled appreciably and fragmentation of the implants was noted to varying degrees among samples within groups, with a presence of inflammatory cells related to the degree of fragmentation. The lack of enhancement in bone formation indicates that the release of plasmid DNA from the composites was not sufficient to elicit a bone regeneration response.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, PO Box 1892, MS-142, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA
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44
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Kushibiki T, Nagata-Nakajima N, Sugai M, Shimizu A, Tabata Y. Enhanced anti-fibrotic activity of plasmid DNA expressing small interference RNA for TGF-beta type II receptor for a mouse model of obstructive nephropathy by cationized gelatin prepared from different amine compounds. J Control Release 2005; 110:610-7. [PMID: 16378654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to increase the transfection efficiency of a plasmid DNA expressing small interference RNA (siRNA) for transforming growth factor-beta receptor (TGF-betaR) by various cationized gelatins of non-viral carrier and evaluate the anti-fibrotic effect with a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Ethylenediamine, putrescine, spermidine or spermine was chemically introduced to the carboxyl groups of gelatin for the cationization. The plasmid DNA of TGF-betaR siRNA expression vector with or without complexation of each cationized gelatin was injected to the left kidney of mice via the ureter to prevent the progression of renal fibrosis of UUO mice. Irrespective of the type of cationized gelatin, the injection of plasmid DNA-cationized gelatin complex significantly decreased the renal level of TGF-betaR over-expression and the collagen content of mice kidney, in marked contrast to free plasmid DNA injection. It is concluded that retrograde injection of TGF-betaR siRNA expression vector plasmid DNA complexed with the cationized gelatin is available to suppress the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kushibiki
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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45
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Hirayama R, Fumoto S, Nishida K, Nakashima M, Sasaki H, Nakamura J. Effect of solution composition of plasmid DNA on gene transfection following liver surface administration in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:2166-9. [PMID: 16272713 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of plasmid DNA (pDNA) solution composition on gene transfection following liver surface administration in mice. Gene transfection experiments in situ and in vivo were performed using the following pDNA solutions: dextrose solution, NaCl solution, phosphate buffer, phosphate-buffered saline, Tris/HCl buffer with EDTA, Tris/HCl buffer with EDTA and Triton X-100, and water. In in situ experiments, we used a glass cylindrical diffusion cell that limited the contact area between the liver surface and the naked pDNA solution. The gene transfection at the site of diffusion cell attachment increased in hypotonic solution, and decreased in hypertonic solution, compared with isotonic solution. In in vivo experiments, instillation of naked pDNA solution onto the liver surface using a micropipette caused no significant differences in gene transfection in the applied lobe. These results suggest that it is important to select the optimal pDNA solution composition to control the gene transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Hirayama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
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46
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Young S, Wong M, Tabata Y, Mikos AG. Gelatin as a delivery vehicle for the controlled release of bioactive molecules. J Control Release 2005; 109:256-74. [PMID: 16266768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin is a commonly used natural polymer which is derived from collagen. The isoelectric point of gelatin can be modified during the fabrication process to yield either a negatively charged acidic gelatin, or a positively charged basic gelatin at physiological pH. This theoretically allows electrostatic interactions to take place between a charged biomolecule and gelatin of the opposite charge, forming polyion complexes. Various forms of gelatin carrier matrices can be fabricated for controlled-release studies, and characterization studies have been performed which show that gelatin carriers are able to sorb charged biomolecules such as proteins and plasmid DNA through polyion complexation. The crosslinking density of gelatin hydrogels has been shown to affect their degradation rate in vivo, and the rate of biomolecule release from gelatin carriers has been shown to have a similar profile, suggesting that complexed gelatin/biomolecule fragments are released by enzymatic degradation of the carrier in vivo. This review will emphasize how biomolecules released from gelatin controlled-release systems are able to retain their biological activity, allowing for their use in tissue engineering, therapeutic angiogenesis, gene therapy, and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Young
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
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47
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Kushibiki T, Nagata-Nakajima N, Sugai M, Shimizu A, Tabata Y. Delivery of plasmid DNA expressing small interference RNA for TGF-beta type II receptor by cationized gelatin to prevent interstitial renal fibrosis. J Control Release 2005; 105:318-31. [PMID: 15936840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2004] [Revised: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is the common pathway of chronic renal disease, while it causes end-stage renal failure. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is well recognized to be one of the primary mediators to induce accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the fibrotic area. Therefore, it is expected that local suppression of TGF-beta receptor (TGF-betaR) is one of the crucial strategies for anti-fibrotic therapy. The objective of this study is to investigate feasibility of small interference RNA (siRNA) for TGF-betaR in the selective degradation of TGF-betaR mRNAs, resulting in fibrotic inhibition. A plasmid DNA of TGF-betaR siRNA expression vector with or without complexation of a cationized gelatin was injected to the left kidney of mice via the ureter. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was performed for the injected mice to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effect. The injection of plasmid DNA-cationized gelatin complex significantly decreased the level of TGF-betaR and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) over-expression, the collagen content of mice kidney, and the fibrotic area of renal cortex, in contrast to free plasmid DNA injection. It is concluded that retrograde injection of TGF-betaR siRNA expression vector plasmid DNA complexed with the cationized gelatin is available to suppress progression of renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kushibiki
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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48
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Kasper FK, Kushibiki T, Kimura Y, Mikos AG, Tabata Y. In vivo release of plasmid DNA from composites of oligo(poly(ethylene glycol)fumarate) and cationized gelatin microspheres. J Control Release 2005; 107:547-61. [PMID: 16139915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Composites of cationized gelatin microspheres (CGMS), crosslinked with either 3 mM or 6 mM glutaraldehyde solution, and a novel hydrogel material, oligo(poly(ethylene glycol)fumarate) (OPF) were fabricated and investigated toward prolonging the release of plasmid DNA in vivo relative to the constituent materials. The composites and constituent materials were investigated in a subcutaneous murine model to assess the release of 125I-labeled plasmid DNA and 125I-labeled cationized gelatin in vivo. The time profiles of the radioactivity remaining were employed to compare the profiles of DNA release and cationized gelatin degradation. Both composite formulations (incorporating either 3 mM or 6 mM CGMS) prolonged the bioavailability of plasmid DNA relative to both injected plasmid DNA solution and the respective non-embedded cationized gelatin microspheres. Injected plasmid DNA solution persisted in the subject for only 7-10 days, whereas the persistence of DNA from composites of OPF and either 3 mM or 6 mM CGMS extended to at least day 42. The 3 mM and 6 mM CGMS each increased the persistence of DNA slightly, relative to injection of DNA solution, to between 28 and 35 days. Interestingly, the release profile of plasmid DNA from composites was not significantly different from the release of DNA from OPF alone. The release of plasmid DNA from the composites was in accord with the degradation of the microspheres within the OPF. These results show that composites of OPF and cationized gelatin microspheres are able to prolong the availability of plasmid DNA in vivo relative to cationized gelatin microspheres alone and provide a promising candidate material for the sustained, controlled release of plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Bioengineering, MS-142, P.O. Box 1892, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
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49
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Matsumoto K, Nakamura T. Mechanisms and significance of bifunctional NK4 in cancer treatment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 333:316-27. [PMID: 15950947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Based on the background that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and c-Met/HGF receptor tyrosine kinase play a definite role in tumor invasion and metastasis, NK4, four-kringles containing intramolecular fragment of HGF, was isolated as a competitive antagonist for the HGF-c-Met system. Independent of its HGF-antagonist action, NK4 inhibited angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial cell growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, as well as HGF, indicating that NK4 is a bifunctional molecule that acts as an HGF-antagonist and angiogenesis inhibitor. Interestingly, kringle domains in distinct types of proteins, e.g., plasminogen, prothrombin, plasminogen activators, apolipoprotein(a), and HGF, share angioinhibitory actions. In experimental models of distinct types of cancers, NK4 protein administration or NK4 gene therapy inhibited tumor invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis-dependent tumor growth. Cancer treatment with NK4 may prove to suppress malignant tumors to be 'static' in both tumor growth and spreading, as based on biological characteristics of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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50
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Kasper FK, Seidlits SK, Tang A, Crowther RS, Carney DH, Barry MA, Mikos AG. In vitro release of plasmid DNA from oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) hydrogels. J Control Release 2005; 104:521-39. [PMID: 15911051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This research investigates the release of plasmid DNA in vitro from novel, injectable hydrogels based on the polymer oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF). These biodegradable hydrogels can be crosslinked under physiological conditions to physically entrap plasmid DNA. The DNA release kinetics were characterized fluorescently with the PicoGreen and OliGreen Reagents as well as through the use of radiolabeled plasmid. Further, the ability of the released DNA to be expressed was assessed through bacterial transformations. It was found that plasmid DNA can be released in a sustained, linear fashion over the course of 45-62 days, with the release kinetics depending upon the molecular weight of the poly(ethylene glycol) from which the OPF was synthesized. Two formulations of OPF were synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol) of a nominal molecular weight of either 3.35K (termed OPF 3K) or 10K (termed OPF 10K). By the time the gels had completely degraded, 97.8+/-0.3% of the initially loaded DNA was recovered from OPF 3K hydrogels, with 80.8+/-1.9% of the initial DNA retaining its double-stranded form. Likewise, for OPF 10K gels, 92.1+/-4.3% of the initially loaded DNA was recovered upon complete degradation of the gels, with 81.6+/-3.8% of the initial DNA retaining double-stranded form. Experiments suggest that the release of plasmid DNA from OPF hydrogels is dominated by the degradation of the gels. Bacterial transformation results indicated that the DNA retained bioactivity over the course of 42 days of release. Thus, these studies demonstrate the potential of OPF hydrogels in controlled gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, PO Box 1892, MS-142, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
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