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Frias JP, Deenadayalan S, Erichsen L, Knop FK, Lingvay I, Macura S, Mathieu C, Pedersen SD, Davies M. Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide 2·4 mg with once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2023; 402:720-730. [PMID: 37364590 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combining the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide with the long-acting amylin analogue cagrilintide has weight-loss benefits; the impact on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is unknown. This trial assessed the efficacy and safety of co-administered semaglutide with cagrilintide (CagriSema) in participants with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This 32-week, multicentre, double-blind, phase 2 trial was conducted across 17 sites in the USA. Adults with type 2 diabetes and a BMI of 27 kg/m2 or higher on metformin with or without an SGLT2 inhibitor were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to once-weekly subcutaneous CagriSema, semaglutide, or cagrilintide (all escalated to 2·4 mg). Randomisation was done centrally using an interactive web response system and was stratified according to use of SGLT2 inhibitor treatment (yes vs no). The trial participants, investigators, and trial sponsor staff were masked to treatment assignment throughout the trial. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c; secondary endpoints were bodyweight, fasting plasma glucose, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) parameters, and safety. Efficacy analyses were performed in all participants who had undergone randomisation, and safety analyses in all participants who had undergone randomisation and received at least one dose of the trial medication. This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04982575) and is complete. FINDINGS Between Aug 2 and Oct 18, 2021, 92 participants were randomly assigned to CagriSema (n=31), semaglutide (n=31), or cagrilintide (n=30). 59 (64%) participants were male; the mean age of participants was 58 years (SD 9). The mean change in HbA1c from baseline to week 32 (CagriSema: -2·2 percentage points [SE 0·15]; semaglutide: -1·8 percentage points [0·16]; cagrilintide: -0·9 percentage points [0·15]) was greater with CagriSema versus cagrilintide (estimated treatment difference -1·3 percentage points [95% CI -1·7 to -0·8]; p<0·0001), but not versus semaglutide (-0·4 percentage points [-0·8 to 0·0]; p=0·075). The mean change in bodyweight from baseline to week 32 (CagriSema: -15·6% [SE 1·26]; semaglutide: -5·1% [1·26]; cagrilintide: -8·1% [1·23]) was greater with CagriSema versus both semaglutide (p<0·0001) and cagrilintide (p<0·0001). The mean change in fasting plasma glucose from baseline to week 32 (CagriSema: -3·3 mmol/L [SE 0·3]; semaglutide: -2·5 mmol/L [0·4]; cagrilintide: -1·7 mmol/L [0·3]) was greater with CagriSema versus cagrilintide (p=0·0010) but not versus semaglutide (p=0·10). Time in range (3·9-10·0 mmol/L) was 45·9%, 32·6%, and 56·9% at baseline and 88·9%, 76·2%, and 71·7% at week 32 with CagriSema, semaglutide, and cagrilintide, respectively. Adverse events were reported by 21 (68%) participants in the CagriSema group, 22 (71%) in the semaglutide group, and 24 (80%) in the cagrilintide group. Mild or moderate gastrointestinal adverse events were most common; no level 2 or 3 hypoglycaemia was reported. No fatal adverse events were reported. INTERPRETATION In people with type 2 diabetes, treatment with CagriSema resulted in clinically relevant improvements in glycaemic control (including CGM parameters). The mean change in HbA1c with CagriSema was greater versus cagrilintide, but not versus semaglutide. Treatment with CagriSema resulted in significantly greater weight loss versus semaglutide and cagrilintide and was well tolerated. These data support further investigation of CagriSema in this population in longer and larger phase 3 studies. FUNDING Novo Nordisk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Frias
- Velocity Clinical Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ildiko Lingvay
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UZ Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sue D Pedersen
- C-ENDO Diabetes and Endocrinology Clinic, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Melanie Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Park YC, Lee S, Kim YS, Park JM, Han K, Lee H, Hong KW, Kim JK, Cho ES, Chung TH, Kim BT, Koh SB. Serum leptin level and incidence of CKD: a longitudinal study of adult enrolled in the Korean genome and epidemiology study(KoGES). BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:197. [PMID: 35619087 PMCID: PMC9137116 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is a major public health issue and is highly prevalent in the general population. Leptin is an adipose tissue-derived endocrine factor that has been associated with several metabolic factors involved in cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have investigated the association between leptin and renal diseases so far. But the results are conflicting between the studies. The objective of our study was to verify the direct association of serum leptin level with CKD development. Methods This prospective cohort study included 2646 adult aged 40–70 without CKD in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study(KoGES) across South Korea from November 2005 to February 2012. The primary outcome was the development of CKD as defined by National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI). Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was done to assess the independent associations, for with the incident of CKD as the dependent variable, in tertiles of leptin values. Results Among 1100 men and 1546 women with 2.8 mean years of follow-up, incidence of CKD was 18(1.63%) for men and 50(3.23%) for women. In the multivariate logistic regression models, individuals in the highest serum leptin tertile showed significant associations with risk of CKD after adjustment compared to the lowest tertiles in the population. The crude odds ratio for trend was 2.95(p = 0.004) for men. After adjusting for age, baseline eGFR variables showed correlation with statistical significance (OR for trend = 2.25, p = 0.037) for men. The same trends were also seen observed in all population and women also, but no statistical significance was found. Conclusions Higher plasma leptin levels are associated with the incidence of CKD, independent of traditional factors such as age, baseline eGFR. Our results suggest that leptin may partly explain part of the reported association between obesity and kidney disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02795-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yon Chul Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Solam Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sang Kim
- Dept. of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhee Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul medical center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunju Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jong-Koo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Suk Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ha Chung
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom-Taeck Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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Peltokorpi A, Irina L, Liisa V, Risto K. Preconceptual leptin levels in gestational diabetes and hypertensive pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy 2022; 41:70-77. [PMID: 35179083 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2022.2033763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy - induced hypertension (PIH), preeclampsia (PE), and gestational diabetes (GDM) are common adverse outcomes in pregnancy. OBJECTIVE To find out whether preconceptual leptin levels differ in subsequent pregnancy between control vs. GDM and hypertensive pregnancy groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was from The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study and The Medical Birth Register of Finland. Of 293 subjects 71 developed GDM, 27 PIH/PE and 201 were controls. RESULTS Leptin was higher in GDM (p < 0.0001) and PIH/PE (p = 0.0002) groups compared to control. GDM group was robust to BMI matching (p = 0,0081). CONCLUSION Leptin was higher in GDM (p < 0.0001) and PIH/PE (p = 0.0002) groups compared to control. GDM group was robust to BMI matching (p = 0,0081).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Peltokorpi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lisinen Irina
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Viikari Liisa
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaaja Risto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Wang Y, Li J, Fu X, Li J, Liu L, Alkohlani A, Tan SC, Low TY, Hou Y. Association of circulating leptin and adiponectin levels with colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 73:101958. [PMID: 34020315 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Leptin and adiponectin are adipokines which have been commonly implicated in carcinogenesis. As such, many studies have investigated the association of circulating leptin and adiponectin levels with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, the results remained inconsistent. METHODS In this work, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to precisely examine the association between circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin and CRC risk. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases from inception until October 2020. The pooled effect size was then estimated by calculating the odds ratio (OR). RESULTS A total of 23 records (comprising 26 studies) were included in the meta-analysis. The overall analysis found that circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin were not significantly associated with CRC risk (P > 0.05). Interestingly, subgroup analysis revealed that a higher level of adiponectin was significantly associated with an increased CRC risk among overweight individuals (OR = 1.16; 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.32), and a decreased CRC risk among normal weight individuals (OR = 0.76; 95 % CI: 0.62, 0.92). Besides, a higher level of adiponectin was also significantly associated with a decreased risk of CRC in men (OR = 0.76; 95 % CI: 0.59, 0.98). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, circulating leptin level was not associated with CRC risk, but that of adiponectin was associated with CRC risk only in specific subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 510100, China
| | - Junyong Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 510100, China
| | - Xiaolin Fu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 510100, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 510100, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 510100, China
| | | | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 510100, China.
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Gunturiz Albarracín ML, Forero Torres AY. Adiponectin and Leptin Adipocytokines in Metabolic Syndrome: What Is Its Importance? DUBAI DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1159/000510521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic has motivated a large number of investigations related to adipose tissue. Within the advances in this area, a variety of factors secreted by adipose tissue and with regulatory activity on caloric intake, energy expenditure, reproduction, locomotor activity, glycidic and lipid metabolism, immune response, and bone physiology have been described. Among these adipocyte hormones, collectively called “adipokines” or “adipocytokines,” leptin (LEP) and adiponectin are addressed in this review. The regulation of adipocytokines is altered in diseases such as obesity, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome (MS) due to the increase in the mass of white adipose tissue. LEP and adiponectin have a broad spectrum of functions in regulating metabolism and are an important link between obesity and MS. Because these adipocytokines have opposite effects on subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance, it has been suggested that the combined use of these 2 adipocytokines may work as a better biomarker in the diagnosis of MS than using them individually. In this review, we address the characteristics and main functions of adipocytokines derived from adipose tissue such as adiponectin and LEP, which in the Colombian context could give good guidance for the management of MS, especially in populations of children and adolescents.
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Lee SM, Lee J, Kang E, Kim HL, Hwang GS, Jung J. Lipidomic analysis reveals therapeutic effects of Yijin-Tang on high-fat/high-cholesterol diet-induced obese mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 74:152936. [PMID: 31088684 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Traditional Korean and Chinese medicine, the herbal remedy Yijin (Erchen)-Tang (YJT) is widely used to treat obesity-related disorders, and its therapeutic potential has been demonstrated in numerous studies. However, the systemic effect of YJT on obesity status and change of lipid metabolism by YJT still remains unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of the YJT on obesity by using lipidomics. METHODS To evaluate the effects of treatment with YJT on obesity, C57BL/6 J mice were fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC, 40% fat and 1% cholesterol) diet for 8 weeks and treated them with YJT for an additional 6 weeks. We then performed untargeted lipidomic analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry mass spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS YJT ameliorated obesity induced systemic inflammation and improved insulin resistance. Additionally, YJT protected against HFHC-diet-induced hepatic inflammation. To explore specific changes in lipid metabolism associated with the therapeutic effects of YJT, we performed untargeted lipid profiling of the plasma. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots showed that YJT altered the lipid metabolic pattern of HFHC mice. In particular, ceramides and triglycerides with saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly changed by YJT, which were significantly associated with insulin resistance, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and adipocytokine signaling pathway in pathway enrichment analysis. Thus, we analyzed the changes in adipocytes and adipokine caused by YJT, and confirmed that YJT alleviated adipocytes inflammation and macrophage infiltration, and reversed HFHC-induced alterations in leptin and adiponectin levels in adipose tissue and plasma. CONCLUSION These data suggest that YJT ameliorates obesity-induced systemic inflammation and insulin resistance by regulating lipid metabolism, and demonstrated that lipidomic profiling is a useful method to investigate the therapeutic effects of herbal decoctions in traditional Korean and Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Min Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jueun Lee
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunjung Kang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 03766, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Lin Kim
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 03766, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeeyoun Jung
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Salazar J, Chávez-Castillo M, Rojas J, Ortega A, Nava M, Pérez J, Rojas M, Espinoza C, Chacin M, Herazo Y, Angarita L, Rojas DM, D'Marco L, Bermudez V. Is "Leptin Resistance" Another Key Resistance to Manage Type 2 Diabetes? Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:733-749. [PMID: 31886750 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666191230111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although novel pharmacological options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) have been observed to modulate the functionality of several key organs in glucose homeostasis, successful regulation of insulin resistance (IR), body weight management, and pharmacological treatment of obesity remain notable problems in endocrinology. Leptin may be a pivotal player in this scenario, as an adipokine which centrally regulates appetite and energy balance. In obesity, excessive caloric intake promotes a low-grade inflammatory response, which leads to dysregulations in lipid storage and adipokine secretion. In turn, these entail alterations in leptin sensitivity, leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier and defects in post-receptor signaling. Furthermore, hypothalamic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress may increase the expression of molecules which may disrupt leptin signaling. Abundant evidence has linked obesity and leptin resistance, which may precede or occur simultaneously to IR and DM2. Thus, leptin sensitivity may be a potential early therapeutic target that demands further preclinical and clinical research. Modulators of insulin sensitivity have been tested in animal models and small clinical trials with promising results, especially in combination with agents such as amylin and GLP-1 analogs, in particular, due to their central activity in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José Pérez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | | | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Universidad Simon Bolivar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Yaneth Herazo
- Universidad Simon Bolivar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Lissé Angarita
- Escuela de Nutricion y Dietetica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepcion, Chile
| | - Diana Marcela Rojas
- Escuela de Nutricion y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis D'Marco
- Hospital Clinico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Servicio de Nefrologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Valmore Bermudez
- Universidad Simon Bolivar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Song G, Zong C, Shao M, Yu Y, Liu Q, Wang H, Qiu T, Jiao P, Guo Z, Lee P, Luo Y, Jiang XC, Qin S. Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) deficiency attenuates high fat diet induced obesity and insulin resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1305-1313. [PMID: 31220615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Increased phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) activity has been found to be associated with obesity, and metabolic syndrome in humans. However, whether or not PLTP has a direct effect on insulin sensitivity and obesity is largely unknown. Here we analyzed the effect by using PLTP knockout (PLTP-/-) mouse model. Although, PLTP-/- mice have normal body-weight-gain under chow diet, these mice were protected from high-fat-diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, compared with wild type mice. In order to understand the mechanism, we evaluated insulin receptor and Akt activation and found that PLTP deficiency significantly enhanced phosphorylated insulin receptor and Akt levels in high-fat-diet fed mouse livers, adipose tissues, and muscles after insulin stimulation, while total Akt and insulin receptor levels were unchanged. Moreover, we found that the PLTP deficiency induced significantly more GLUT4 protein in the plasma membranes of adipocytes and muscle cells after insulin stimulation. Finally, we found that PLTP-deficient hepatocytes had less sphingomyelins and free cholesterols in the lipid rafts and plasma membranes than that of controls and this may provide a molecular basis for PLTP deficiency-mediated increase in insulin sensitivity. We have concluded that PLTP deficiency leads to an improvement in tissue and whole-body insulin sensitivity through modulating lipid levels in the plasma membrane, especially in the lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Song
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China.
| | - Chuanlong Zong
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Mingzhu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Phoebe Lee
- Downstate Medical Center State University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi Luo
- Downstate Medical Center State University of New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shucun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China.
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Treviño S, Díaz A, Sánchez-Lara E, Sarmiento-Ortega VE, Flores-Hernández JÁ, Brambila E, Meléndez FJ, González-Vergara E. Pharmacological and Toxicological Threshold of Bisammonium Tetrakis 4-( N, N-Dimethylamino)pyridinium Decavanadate in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2018; 2018:2151079. [PMID: 30026756 PMCID: PMC6031092 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2151079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanadium(IV/V) compounds have been studied as possible metallopharmaceutical drugs against diabetes mellitus. However, mechanisms of action and toxicological threshold have been tackled poorly so far. In this paper, our purposes were to evaluate the metabolic activity on dyslipidemia and dysglycemia, insulin signaling in liver and adipose tissue, and toxicology of the title compound. To do so, the previously reported bisammonium tetrakis 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridinium decavanadate, the formula of which is [DMAPH]4(NH4)2[V10O28]·8H2O (where DMAPH is 4-dimethylaminopyridinium ion), was synthesized, and its dose-response curve on hyperglycemic rats was evaluated. A Long-Evans rat model showing dyslipidemia and dysglycemia with parameters that reproduce metabolic syndrome and severe insulin resistance was generated. Two different dosages, 5 µmol and 10 µmol twice a week of the title compound (equivalent to 2.43 mg·V/kg/day and 4.86 mg·V/kg/day, resp.), were administered intraperitoneal (i.p.) for two months. Then, an improvement on each of the following parameters was observed at a 5 µmol dose: weight reduction, abdominal perimeter, fatty index, body mass index, oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, and adipokine and insulin resistance indexes. Nevertheless, when the toxicological profile was evaluated at a 10 µmol dose, it did not show complete improvement, tested by the liver and adipose histology, as well as by insulin receptor phosphorylation and GLUT-4 expression. In conclusion, the title compound administration produces regulation on lipids and carbohydrates, regardless of dose, but the pharmacological and toxicological threshold for cell regulation are suggested to be up to 5 µmol (2.43 mg·V/kg/day) dose twice per week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Col. San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, PUE, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Col. San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, PUE, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Sánchez-Lara
- Centro de Química, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Col. San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, PUE, Mexico
| | - Víctor Enrique Sarmiento-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Col. San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, PUE, Mexico
| | - José Ángel Flores-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Col. San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, PUE, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Brambila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Col. San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, PUE, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Meléndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Col. San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, PUE, Mexico
| | - Enrique González-Vergara
- Centro de Química, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Col. San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, PUE, Mexico
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10
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Xylobiose Prevents High-Fat Diet Induced Mice Obesity by Suppressing Mesenteric Fat Deposition and Metabolic Dysregulation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030705. [PMID: 29558403 PMCID: PMC6017709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a public concern and is responsible for various metabolic diseases. Xylobiose (XB), an alternative sweetener, is a major component of xylo-oligosaccharide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of XB on obesity and its associated metabolic changes in related organs. For these studies, mice received a 60% high-fat diet supplemented with 15% d-xylose, 10% XB, or 15% XB as part of the total sucrose content of the diet for ten weeks. Body weight, fat and liver weights, fasting blood glucose, and blood lipids levels were significantly reduced with XB supplementation. Levels of leptin and adipokine were also improved and lipogenic and adipogenic genes in mesenteric fat and liver were down-regulated with XB supplementation. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines, fatty acid uptake, lipolysis, and β-oxidation-related gene expression levels in mesenteric fat were down-regulated with XB supplementation. Thus, XB exhibited therapeutic potential for treating obesity which involved suppression of fat deposition and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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11
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Auclair N, Melbouci L, St-Pierre D, Levy E. Gastrointestinal factors regulating lipid droplet formation in the intestine. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:1-14. [PMID: 29305172 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLD) are considered as neutral lipid reservoirs, which protect cells from lipotoxicity. It became clear that these fascinating dynamic organelles play a role not only in energy storage and metabolism, but also in cellular lipid and protein handling, inter-organelle communication, and signaling among diverse functions. Their dysregulation is associated with multiple disorders, including obesity, liver steatosis and cardiovascular diseases. The central aim of this review is to highlight the link between intra-enterocyte CLD dynamics and the formation of chylomicrons, the main intestinal dietary lipid vehicle, after overviewing the morphology, molecular composition, biogenesis and functions of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Auclair
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - L Melbouci
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Department of Sciences and Physical Activities, UQAM, Quebec, Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - D St-Pierre
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Department of Sciences and Physical Activities, UQAM, Quebec, Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - E Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6.
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12
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Beyazıt F, Ünsal MA. Obesity and insulin resistance are significant predictors of serum leptin levels. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2017; 18:158-159. [PMID: 28890432 PMCID: PMC5590214 DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.2017.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Beyazıt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Çanakkale 18 Mart University Training and Research Hospital, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Mesut A Ünsal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Çanakkale 18 Mart University Training and Research Hospital, Çanakkale, Turkey
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13
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Li X, Zhao Y, Jin Y, Zhang T, Chang X, Liao S, Xu H, Liu X, Yang J, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Associations between serum adipocytokines and glycemic tolerance biomarkers in a rural Chinese population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182273. [PMID: 28786989 PMCID: PMC5546634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although experimental studies have shown that adiponectin and leptin modulate glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, it remains unclear whether these adipocytokines exert similar effects in general human populations. We evaluated the associations of serum adiponectin and leptin with β-cell function and insulin resistance in a population with low obesity prevalence. A cross-sectional study of 783 rural residents, aged 25-74 years, recruited in Ningxia, China was conducted during 2008-2012. β-cell function and insulin resistance were estimated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment. Serum adiponectin and leptin were measured with ELISA. Serum adiponectin concentrations (mean ± SD) were highest in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (36.65 ± 61.13 μg/ml), intermediate in those with impaired fasting glucose (25.92 ± 34.48 μg/ml), and lowest in those with diabetes (15.08 ± 12.14 μg/ml) (p = 0.001). A similar pattern of differences was found for β-cell function, whereas opposite results were observed for insulin resistance and blood glucose. After adjustment for confounders including metabolic syndrome components, serum adiponectin (μg/ml) was inversely associated with β-cell function (%β) [β (95% CI): -7.57 (-12.33, -2.81)] and insulin resistance (100/%S) [β (95% CI): -0.21 (-0.33, -0.09)]. A significant inverse association also existed between serum leptin and β-cell function, but serum leptin was not significantly associated with insulin resistance. The present study suggests that adiponectin and leptin play a role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes independent of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Jin
- Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianjing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sha Liao
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YHZ); (JJZ)
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YHZ); (JJZ)
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14
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Moonishaa TM, Nanda SK, Shamraj M, Sivaa R, Sivakumar P, Ravichandran K. Evaluation of Leptin as a Marker of Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2017; 7:176-180. [PMID: 28904917 PMCID: PMC5590380 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_278_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, whose incidence is rapidly increasing in India. T2DM is caused by varying degrees of insulin resistance (IR) and relative insulin deficiency. Leptin, an adipokine with the primary function of regulating energy balance, is found to mediate insulin secretion and sensitivity in peripheral tissues. Hence, we aimed to determine the role of leptin in the development of IR in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. AIM This study aims to compare the leptin levels and homeostatic model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) levels in the study population. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included a total of sixty patients newly diagnosed with T2DM. Their fasting blood samples were collected to estimate the glucose, insulin, and leptin levels. IR was calculated using HOMA-IR formula. Statistical analysis was done by Pearson's correlation, Spearman's correlation, and One-sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. RESULTS Leptin and HOMA-IR levels were significantly high in T2DM patients (P < 0.001) when compared with reference values. Body mass index showed a significant positive correlations with insulin (r = 0.40, P < 0.01), HOMA-IR (r = 0.37, P < 0.01), and leptin levels (r = 0.90, P < 0.01). Leptin levels showed significant positive correlations with plasma insulin (r = 0.35, P < 0.01) and HOMA-IR levels (r = 0.31, P < 0.05). The correlation between leptin and HOMA-IR levels was more pronounced and significant among the obese T2DM subjects (r = 0.82, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Hyperleptinemia reflecting leptin resistance plays an important role in the development of IR in obeseT2DM patients, making leptin a possible biomarker for the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagarajan Manjuladevi Moonishaa
- Department of Biochemistry, Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M. G. R. Medical University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Muthukrishnan Shamraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Rajendran Sivaa
- Department of Biochemistry, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Periyasamy Sivakumar
- Department of General Medicine, Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M. G. R. Medical University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kandasamy Ravichandran
- Department of Biostatistics, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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15
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Kim SE, Choo J, Yoon J, Chu JR, Bae YJ, Lee S, Park T, Sung MK. Genome-wide analysis identifies colonic genes differentially associated with serum leptin and insulin concentrations in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171664. [PMID: 28170448 PMCID: PMC5295695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced chronic inflammation is known to increase the risk of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and colorectal cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that leptin and insulin are key molecules linking obesity with diseases of the lower intestine. Here, we identified serum phenotype-associated genes in the colon of diet-induced obese mice as early biomarkers of obesity-associated colonic diseases. C57BL/6J mice were fed with either normal diet (ND, 15% of fat calories) or high-fat diet (HFD, 45% of fat calories) for 8 weeks. Serum concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), leptin, and adiponectin were measured as obesity-related phenotypic markers. Genome-wide gene expression profiles of colon tissue were determined, followed by statistical analyses to detect differentially expressed and serum phenotype-associated genes. HFD-fed mice showed higher serum concentrations of leptin (P < 0.001) and insulin (P < 0.01) than those in the ND group, whereas serum IGF-1 and adiponectin concentrations did not differ between the two dietary groups. Among differentially expressed genes affected by HFD, 135, 128, 110, and 341 genes were associated with serum levels of leptin, insulin, IGF-1, and adiponectin, respectively. We identified 17 leptin-associated genes and 4 insulin-associated genes that inversely responded to HFD and ND. Among these, leptin-associated Peli3 (Pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 3), Creb1 (cAMP responsive element binding protein 1), and Enpp2 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2, autotaxin) and insulin-associated Centg1 (AGAP2, ArfGAP with GTPase domain) are reported to play a role either in obesity or colonic diseases. mRNA expression of these genes was validated by RT-qPCR. Our data suggest Peli3, Creb1, Enpp2, and Centg1 as potential early biomarker candidates for obesity-induced pathophysiological changes in the colon. Future studies verifying the function of these candidates are needed for the prevention, early detection, and treatment of colon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsil Choo
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryang Chu
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Bae
- Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeoun Lee
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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16
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Sumis A, Cook KL, Andrade FO, Hu R, Kidney E, Zhang X, Kim D, Carney E, Nguyen N, Yu W, Bouker KB, Cruz I, Clarke R, Hilakivi-Clarke L. Social isolation induces autophagy in the mouse mammary gland: link to increased mammary cancer risk. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:839-56. [PMID: 27550962 PMCID: PMC5894876 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation is a strong predictor of early all-cause mortality and consistently increases breast cancer risk in both women and animal models. Because social isolation increases body weight, we compared its effects to those caused by a consumption of obesity-inducing diet (OID) in C57BL/6 mice. Social isolation and OID impaired insulin and glucose sensitivity. In socially isolated, OID-fed mice (I-OID), insulin resistance was linked to reduced Pparg expression and increased neuropeptide Y levels, but in group-housed OID fed mice (G-OID), it was linked to increased leptin and reduced adiponectin levels, indicating that the pathways leading to insulin resistance are different. Carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis was significantly higher in I-OID mice than in the other groups, but cancer risk was also increased in socially isolated, control diet-fed mice (I-C) and G-OID mice compared with that in controls. Unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling (GRP78; IRE1) was upregulated in the mammary glands of OID-fed mice, but not in control diet-fed, socially isolated I-C mice. In contrast, expression of BECLIN1, ATG7 and LC3II were increased, and p62 was downregulated by social isolation, indicating increased autophagy. In the mammary glands of socially isolated mice, but not in G-OID mice, mRNA expressions of p53 and the p53-regulated autophagy inducer Dram1 were upregulated, and nuclear p53 staining was strong. Our findings further indicated that autophagy and tumorigenesis were not increased in Atg7(+/-) mice kept in social isolation and fed OID. Thus, social isolation may increase breast cancer risk by inducing autophagy, independent of changes in body weight.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autophagy/genetics
- Autophagy/physiology
- Autophagy-Related Protein 7/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Diet
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
- Female
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/psychology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Obese
- Mice, Transgenic
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/pathology
- Risk Factors
- Social Isolation
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Sumis
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Katherine L Cook
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA Department of SurgeryWake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fabia O Andrade
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Emma Kidney
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Dominic Kim
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Elissa Carney
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kerrie B Bouker
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Idalia Cruz
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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17
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Abstract
The common clustering of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity, elevated blood pressure, and low HDL cholesterol is referred to as metabolic syndrome. Individuals with this syndrome have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The World Health Organisation and the National Cholesterol Education Programme’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) have outlined specific diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome to help in the Identification of this syndrome in clinical practice. While the WHO criteria were specifically developed for use in research, the NCEP criteria are useful in clinical diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is amenable to lifestyle modifications such as increased physical activity, weight loss, and possibly intake of low-glycemic foods. Drug therapy may be used to treat individual components of the syndrome such as elevated blood pressure and dyslipidemia. To control elevated glucose levels (when there is failure of lifestyle modification), medications such as metformin, thiazolidinedione derivatives and alpha glucosidase inhibitors may be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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18
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Mahmoudi T, Farahani H, Nobakht H, Dabiri R, Zali MR. Genetic Variations in Leptin and Leptin Receptor and Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer and Obesity. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2016; 9:e7013. [PMID: 27703650 PMCID: PMC5038839 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-7013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality around the world. Objectives With regard to the role of obesity in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the role of leptin in obesity, we investigated whether leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) gene variants are associated with CRC risk. Patients and Methods We evaluated LEP (rs7799039) and LEPR (rs1137101) gene variants by using PCR-RFLP method in 261 cases with CRC and 339 controls. Results No significant difference was found for rs7799039 and rs1137101gene variants between the cases with CRC and controls. However, the LEPR rs1137101 “GG” genotype compared with “AA” genotype and “AA + AG” genotype was associated with increased risks for obesity, and the differences remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors including age, sex, smoking status, and NSAID use (P = 0.015; OR = 2.42, 95%CI = 1.19 - 4.93 and P = 0.016; OR = 2.28, 95%CI = 1.17 - 4.48, respectively). In addition, the LEPR “G” allele compared with the “A” allele was associated with an increased risk for obesity (P = 0.024; OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.05 - 1.98). Conclusions Consistent with most previous studies, our findings found no association between LEP (rs7799039) and LEPR (rs1137101) gene variants and CRC risk. However, the LEPR rs1137101 “GG” genotype compared with the “AA” genotype and “AA+AG” genotype was associated with a 2.42-fold and a 2.28-fold increased risk for obesity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Mahmoudi
- Department of Cancer, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Farahani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Nobakht
- Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IR Iran
| | - Reza Dabiri
- Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Department of Cancer, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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19
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Insulin resistance is associated with altered amino acid metabolism and adipose tissue dysfunction in normoglycemic women. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24540. [PMID: 27080554 PMCID: PMC4832240 DOI: 10.1038/srep24540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated adiposity, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to identify early metabolic alterations associated with insulin resistance in normoglycemic women with varying degree of adiposity. One-hundred and ten young and middle-aged women were divided into low and high IR groups based on their median HOMA-IR (0.9 ± 0.4 vs. 2.8 ± 1.2). Body composition was assessed using DXA, skeletal muscle and liver fat by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, serum metabolites by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and adipose tissue and skeletal muscle gene expression by microarrays. High HOMA-IR subjects had higher serum branched-chain amino acid concentrations (BCAA) (p < 0.05 for both). Gene expression analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue revealed significant down-regulation of genes related to BCAA catabolism and mitochondrial energy metabolism and up-regulation of several inflammation-related pathways in high HOMA-IR subjects (p < 0.05 for all), but no differentially expressed genes in skeletal muscle were found. In conclusion, in normoglycemic women insulin resistance was associated with increased serum BCAA concentrations, down-regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism and increased expression of inflammation-related genes in the adipose tissue.
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20
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Liaw JJT, Peplow PV. Differential Effect of Electroacupuncture on Inflammatory Adipokines in Two Rat Models of Obesity. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2016; 9:183-90. [PMID: 27555223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is known to be associated with visceral obesity and insulin resistance which are characterized by altered levels of production of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines. The dysregulation of the production of inflammatory adipokines and their functions in obese individuals leads to a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and may promote obesity-linked metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis. Electroacupuncture (EA) was tested to see if there was a difference in its effect on pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokine levels in the blood serum and the white adipose tissue of obese Zucker fatty rats and high-fat diet-induced obese Long Evans rats. In the two rat models of obesity, on Day 12 of treatment, repeated applications of EA were seen to have had a significant differential effect for serum tumor necrosis factor-α, adiponectin, the adiponectin:leptin ratio, and blood glucose. For the adipose tissue, there was a differential effect for adiponectin that was on the borderline of significance. To explore these changes further and how they might affect insulin resistance would require a modification to the research design to use larger group sizes for the two models or to give a greater number of EA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip V Peplow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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21
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Haam JH, Kim YS, Koo HS, Haam J, Seo NK, Kim HY, Park KC, Park KS, Kim MJ. Intermuscular adipose tissue is associated with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, independent of visceral adipose tissue. Clin Biochem 2015; 49:439-443. [PMID: 26705742 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging evidence suggests that intermuscular adipose tissue is a risk factor for insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. We investigated whether the levels of leptin, adiponectin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 are associated with intermuscular adipose tissue in obese subjects. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 77 obese Korean women. Areas of visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and intermuscular adipose tissue were measured by computed tomography scan, and serum concentrations of adipokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Correlation between the levels of adipokines and the fat areas was assessed using Pearson correlation and covariate-adjusted multivariable regression. RESULTS Leptin was positively correlated with subcutaneous adipose tissue (r=0.452, P<0.001), fasting insulin (r=0.403, P<0.001), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.360, P=0.001), whereas monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was positively correlated with intermuscular adipose tissue (r=0.483, P<0.001). After adjustment for age, height, and other body composition metrics, leptin was still related to subcutaneous adipose tissue (β=0.390, P=0.001). Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was associated with intermuscular adipose tissue (β=0.433, P=0.001) after adjustment for visceral adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS Intermuscular adipose tissue was correlated with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, suggesting its role in the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Haam
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyung Suk Koo
- Department of Family Medicine, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital, 268, Buljeong-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Juhee Haam
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Nam Kyoung Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyung Yuk Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Chae Park
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Moon Jong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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Van Eyck A, Van Hoorenbeeck K, De Winter BY, Van Gaal L, De Backer W, Verhulst SL. Sleep-disordered breathing, systemic adipokine secretion, and metabolic dysregulation in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Sleep Med 2015; 30:52-56. [PMID: 28215263 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common among overweight and obese children, and it is an independent risk factor for developing metabolic syndrome. However, the mechanisms linking OSA and metabolic syndrome are still unclear, but a role for adipose tissue dysfunction caused by intermittent hypoxia has been suggested. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between OSA and systemic adipokine concentrations in overweight and obese children. METHODS We included 164 overweight and obese children in a tertiary center and distributed them in groups based on their obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (111 controls, 28 mild OSA, 25 moderate-to-severe OSA). All subjects underwent polysomnography and a blood sample was taken to determine leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 levels. RESULTS No significant differences were found in adipokine levels between subjects with or without OSA. Leptin correlated with oxygen desaturation index (r = -0.17, p = 0.03), adiponectin correlated with mean oxygen saturation (r = 0.24, p = 0.002) and with the percentage of sleep time with an oxygen saturation >95% (r = 0.25, p = 0.001). However, these associations did not persist after correction for adiposity. No correlations between interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and OSA severity were found. CONCLUSION These results suggest that serum adipokine levels are mostly dependent on central obesity, while they are not influenced by OSA in an obese pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Van Eyck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Kim Van Hoorenbeeck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Wilfried De Backer
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Pulmonology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Stijn L Verhulst
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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Bao W, Baecker A, Song Y, Kiely M, Liu S, Zhang C. Adipokine levels during the first or early second trimester of pregnancy and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Metabolism 2015; 64:756-64. [PMID: 25749468 PMCID: PMC4625979 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically review available literature linking adipokines to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for a comprehensive understanding of the roles of adipokines in the development of GDM. METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for published studies on adipokines and GDM through October 21, 2014. We included articles if they had a prospective study design (i.e., blood samples for adipokines measurement were collected before GDM diagnosis). Random-effects models were used to pool the weighted mean differences comparing levels of adipokines between GDM cases and non-GDM controls. RESULTS Of 1523 potentially relevant articles, we included 25 prospective studies relating adipokines to incident GDM. Our meta-analysis of nine prospective studies on adiponectin and eight prospective studies on leptin indicated that adiponectin levels in the first or early second trimester of pregnancy were 2.25 μg/ml lower (95% CI: 1.75-2.75), whereas leptin levels were 7.25 ng/ml higher (95% CI 3.27-11.22), among women who later developed GDM than women who did not. Prospective data were sparse and findings were inconsistent for visfatin, retinol binding protein (RBP-4), resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vaspin. We did not identify prospective studies for several novel adipokines, including chemerin, apelin, omentin, or adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein. Moreover, no published prospective studies with longitudinal assessment of adipokines and incident GDM were identified. CONCLUSION Adiponectin levels in the first or second trimester of pregnancy are lower among pregnant women who later develop GDM than non-GDM women, whereas leptin levels are higher. Well-designed prospective studies with longitudinal assessment of adipokines during pregnancy are needed to understand the trajectories and dynamic associations of adipokines with GDM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bao
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Aileen Baecker
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yiqing Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Michele Kiely
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Simin Liu
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD.
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Zeng R, Xu CH, Xu YN, Wang YL, Wang M. Association of leptin levels with pathogenetic risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: a meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 58:817-23. [PMID: 25465603 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association of leptin levels with pathogenetic risk of CHD and stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies were identified in the PubMed, Embase, and Springer link database without language restriction. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used as effect indexes. The association of leptin levels with pathogenetic risk of CHD and stroke, as well as the risk variation of CHD with each additional one unit of leptin level were examined via meta-analysis. The publication bias was assessed via Egger's linear regression test. RESULTS Eight nested case-control studies consisting of 1,980 patients and 11,567 controls were included for current meta-analysis. ORs (95% CIs) of association of leptin levels with CHD and stroke was 1.90 (1.06, 3.43), and 2.14 (1.48, 3.08), respectively. In addition, significant result was obtained regarding the risk variation of CHD with each additional one unit of leptin level (OR =1.04, 95% CI =1.00-1.08, P=0.044). There was no significant publication bias as suggested by Egger test outcomes. CONCLUSION There was a significant association of leptin with pathogenetic risk of CHD and stroke, and raised leptin levels could significantly increase the pathogenetic risk of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Hua Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, China
| | - Yuan-Ning Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Gonzaga NC, Medeiros CCM, de Carvalho DF, Alves JGB. Leptin and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese children and adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health 2014; 50:707-12. [PMID: 24923191 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To verify the relationship between leptin and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese children and adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study evaluated 200 children and adolescents treated in Campina Grande, Brazil, from April 2009 to March 2010. Leptin, fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides were determined. The t-test was used to compare leptin means of two groups and analysis of variance to compare means of three groups. Multiple comparisons of pairs of group means were performed with Tukey's test. In all tests, a significance level of 0.05 was adopted. RESULTS The leptin sample mean was 22.7 ± 10.0 μg/L (95% confidence interval: 21.3 μg/L to 24.1 μg/L). Leptin was significantly higher in the following groups: female, teenager, increased waist circumference, high systolic blood pressure, elevated triglycerides hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Most cardiometabolic risk factors had higher means in the last quartile of leptin, except total-cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides levels. HDL-C was reduced in the last quartile of leptin. Simple linear regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation between leptin and HDL-C and a positive correlation between leptin and triglycerides, insulin, HOMA-IR, body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Multiple linear regression models showed an independent association between leptin and HDL-C, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA-IR, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, after age and gender control. CONCLUSION Leptin may be a useful marker of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia C Gonzaga
- Master's Program in Public Health, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, Pernambuco, Brazil
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26
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Golia E, Limongelli G, Natale F, Fimiani F, Maddaloni V, Russo PE, Riegler L, Bianchi R, Crisci M, Palma GD, Golino P, Russo MG, Calabrò R, Calabrò P. Adipose tissue and vascular inflammation in coronary artery disease. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:539-554. [PMID: 25068015 PMCID: PMC4110603 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i7.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become an important public health issue in Western and developing countries, with well known metabolic and cardiovascular complications. In the last decades, evidence have been growing about the active role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ in determining these pathological consequences. As a consequence of the expansion of fat depots, in obese subjects, adipose tissue cells develope a phenotypic modification, which turns into a change of the secretory output. Adipocytokines produced by both adipocytes and adipose stromal cells are involved in the modulation of glucose and lipid handling, vascular biology and, moreover, participate to the systemic inflammatory response, which characterizes obesity and metabolic syndrome. This might represent an important pathophysiological link with atherosclerotic complications and cardiovascular events. A great number of adipocytokines have been described recently, linking inflammatory mileu and vascular pathology. The understanding of these pathways is crucial not only from a pathophysiological point of view, but also to a better cardiovascular disease risk stratification and to the identification of possible therapeutic targets. The aim of this paper is to review the role of Adipocytokines as a possible link between obesity and vascular disease.
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Ajabnoor GM, Bahijri S, Borai A, Abdulkhaliq AA, Al-Aama JY, Chrousos GP. Health impact of fasting in Saudi Arabia during Ramadan: association with disturbed circadian rhythm and metabolic and sleeping patterns. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96500. [PMID: 24810091 PMCID: PMC4014507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muslims go through strict Ramadan fasting from dawn till sunset for one month yearly. These practices are associated with disturbed feeding and sleep patterns. We recently demonstrated that, during Ramadan, circadian cortisol rhythm of Saudis is abolished, exposing these subjects to continuously increased cortisol levels. HYPOTHESIS Secretory patterns of other hormones and metabolic parameters associated with cortisol, and insulin resistance, might be affected during Ramadan. PROTOCOL Ramadan practitioners (18 males, 5 females; mean age ±SEM = 23.16±1.2 years) were evaluated before and two weeks into Ramadan. Blood was collected for measurements of endocrine and metabolic parameters at 9 am (±1 hour) and again twelve hours later. RESULTS In Ramadan, glucose concentration was kept within normal range, with a significant increase in the morning. Mean morning concentration of leptin was significantly higher than pre-Ramadan values (p = 0.001), in contrast to that of adiponectin, which was significantly lower (p<0.001). These changes were associated with increased insulin resistance in morning and evening. Concentrations of hsCRP were lower during Ramadan than those during regular living conditions, however, normal circadian fluctuation was abolished (p = 0.49). Even though means of liver enzymes, total bilirubin, total protein and albumin were all decreased during Ramadan, statistically lower means were only noted for GGT, total protein, and albumin (p = 0.018, 0.002 and 0.001 respectively). DISCUSSION Saudi Ramadan practitioners have altered adipokine patterns, typical of insulin resistance. The noted decreases of hsCRP, liver enzymes, total protein, and albumin, are most likely a result of fasting, while loss of circadian rhythmicity of hsCRP is probably due to loss of circadian cortisol rhythm. CONCLUSIONS Modern Ramadan practices in Saudi Arabia, which are associated with evening hypercortisolism, are also characterized by altered adipokines patterns, and an abolished hsCRP circadian rhythm, all likely to increase cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M. Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Borai
- Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf A. Abdulkhaliq
- Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Y. Al-Aama
- Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - George P. Chrousos
- Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Mamabolo RL, Berti C, Monyeki MA, Kruger HS. Association between insulin-like growth factor-1, measures of overnutrition and undernutrition and insulin resistance in black adolescents living in the North-West Province, South Africa. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 26:189-97. [PMID: 24375890 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a significant predictor of body fat percentage (%BF), lean body mass, and insulin resistance (IR) in black adolescents presenting with overnutrition and undernutrition. METHODS A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 181 adolescents (111 girls, 70 boys, 13-20 years old) from a low socio-economic population in the North-West Province, South Africa. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and %BF and lean mass were assessed by air displacement plethysmography. Serum glucose, leptin, insulin, IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were measured and homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Predictors of body composition and HOMA-IR were determined in multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS Of the boys, 31% had a %BF >20%, whereas 42% of girls had a %BF >30%. Furthermore, 17.1% male and 18.9% female adolescents were stunted, indicating overnutrition and undernutrition in the same group. IGF-1 showed a negative association with %BF in both sexes, and a positive correlation with height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and lean mass, respectively, in the boys. IGF-1 correlated positively and physical activity correlated negatively with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in the girls. In both sexes, leptin had the strongest association with %BF in multiple regressions. Leptin and Tanner stage were significant predictors of HOMA-IR in girls, but not in boys. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 was positively associated with lean mass and HAZ in boys, indicating a beneficial relationship with linear growth, but with IR in the girls, indicating possible adverse metabolic effects in the presence of high %BF and physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramoteme L Mamabolo
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Department of Nutrition, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
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Coradini M, Rand JS, Morton JM, Arai T, Ishioka K, Rawlings JM. Fat mass, and not diet, has a large effect on postprandial leptin but not on adiponectin concentrations in cats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 45:79-88. [PMID: 23827214 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Leptin and adiponectin play important roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in different species. Information is limited on the effects of diet, weight gain, and fat mass on their concentrations in cats. This study compared fasting and postprandial blood leptin and total adiponectin concentrations before and after 8 wk of ad libitum feeding to promote weight gain in adult cats (n = 32) fed either a low-carbohydrate, high-protein (23% and 47% ME) or a high-carbohydrate, low-protein (51% and 21% ME) diet. There were significant effects of total, abdominal, and nonabdominal fat mass, but not diet or body weight, on mean 24-h and peak leptin (P < 0.01); observed increases in mean and peak leptin were greatest for abdominal fat mass (50% and 56% increase for every extra 100 g, respectively). After weight gain, postprandial leptin concentration increased markedly relative to when cats were lean, and the duration of the increase was longer after a mean weight gain of 37% with the low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet group compared with 17% with the high-carbohydrate, low-protein group (P ≤ 0.01). Adiponectin was lower than fasting at some time points during the postprandial period in both groups (P ≤ 0.05). For both fasting and mean 24-h adiponectin, there was no significant diet effect (P ≥ 0.19) or changes in weight gain relative to when cats were lean (P ≥ 0.29). In conclusion, fat mass, and not diet, has a large effect on postprandial leptin but not adiponectin concentrations in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coradini
- Centre for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Li Y, Ding L, Hassan W, Abdelkader D, Shang J. Adipokines and hepatic insulin resistance. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:170532. [PMID: 23762871 PMCID: PMC3670576 DOI: 10.1155/2013/170532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Adipose tissue is now considered to be an active endocrine organ that secretes various adipokines such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. Recent studies have shown that these factors might provide a molecular link between increased adiposity and impaired insulin sensitivity. Since hepatic insulin resistance plays the key role in the whole body insulin resistance, clarification of the regulatory processes about hepatic insulin resistance by adipokines in rodents and human would seem essential in order to understand the mechanism of type 2 diabetes and for developing novel therapeutic strategies to treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- National Center for Drug Screening and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Lin Ding
- National Center for Drug Screening and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Waseem Hassan
- National Center for Drug Screening and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Daoud Abdelkader
- National Center for Drug Screening and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Jing Shang
- National Center for Drug Screening and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
- *Jing Shang:
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Kumagai S, Kishimoto H, Zou B. The leptin to adiponectin ratio is a good biomarker for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, dependent on visceral fat accumulation and endurance fitness in obese patients with diabetes mellitus. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 3:85-94. [PMID: 18370715 DOI: 10.1089/met.2005.3.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the contribution of adiponectin or leptin on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), while also taking cardiorespiratory fitness and visceral fat accumulation into account regarding diabetes patients. METHODS Japanese male patients (n = 77) with either impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into three tertiles according to their adipocytokine levels. A logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for age to investigate the association between the adipocytokine levels and the prevalence of MS based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. RESULTS The visceral fat area (VFA) and maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text] O(2)max) were found to be significantly different within the tertiles regarding the leptin and adiponectin levels and the adiponectin-to-leptin (A/L) ratio. The low tertile of leptin showed a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) for prevalence of MS than that in the high group. Both the low and the medium tertiles of adiponectin showed a significantly higher OR for prevalence of SM than that of the high group. Especially, the low tertile of A/L ratio had about an eight times higher prevalence of MS than the high tertile, and the difference was significant. However, when both the VFA and/or [Formula: see text] O(2)max were added to the logistic regression model as adjusting factors, all of these significant differences disappeared. CONCLUSION The A/L ratio is suggested to be a good biomarker for the prevalence of MS in comparison to the adiponectin and leptin levels alone. However, these relationships are dependent on abdominal fat accumulation and/or cardiorespiratory fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzo Kumagai
- Institute of Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Relationship between Plasma Leptin Level and Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Nephrol 2012; 2012:269532. [PMID: 22666590 PMCID: PMC3361181 DOI: 10.1155/2012/269532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Leptin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone shown to be related to several metabolic, inflammatory, and hemostatic factors related to chronic kidney disease. Recent animal studies have reported that infusion of recombinant leptin into normal rats for 3 weeks fosters the development of glomerulosclerosis. However, few studies have examined the association between leptin and CKD in humans. Therefore, we examined the association between plasma leptin levels and CKD in a representative sample of US adults. Methods. We examined the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants >20 years of age (n = 5820, 53.6% women). Plasma leptin levels were categorized into quartiles (≤4.3 Fg/L, 4.4-8.7 Fg/L, 8.8-16.9 Fg/L, >16.9 Fg/L). CKD was defined as a glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) estimated from serum creatinine. Results. Higher plasma leptin levels were associated with CKD after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, and serum cholesterol. Compared to quartile 1 of leptin (referent), the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of CKD associated with quartile 4 was 3.31 (1.41 to 7.78); P-trend = 0.0135. Subgroup analyses examining the relation between leptin and CKD by gender, BMI categories, diabetes, and hypertension status also showed a consistent positive association. Conclusion. Higher plasma leptin levels are associated with CKD in a representative sample of US adults.
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Abstract
The objective of this article is to systematically review the changes in insulin resistance after various types of bariatric surgical procedures. A Pubmed and EMBASE search for studies measuring insulin resistance before and after bariatric surgery was done and all original research articles from 1980 to present (2011) were included. Only the currently widely performed bariatric procedures were included. A meta-analysis of change in HOMA-IR was conducted, grouping studies with similar duration of follow-up. The percentage decrease in HOMA-IR at <=2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and >16-18 months was found to be (mean ± standard error) -33.48 ± 5.78, -46.43 ± 6.99, -38.79 ± 9.64, -58.62 ± 7.38, -44.91 ± 7.98 and -67.04 ± 10.78%, respectively. RYGB (gastric bypass) and BPD (biliopancreatic diversion) produced a significant decrease in insulin resistance at 2 weeks after surgery, while LSG (sleeve gastrectomy) was strongly trending. LSG produced an earlier decrease in insulin resistance when compared to LAGB (gastric banding). RYGB, BPD and LSG produce an early decrease in insulin resistance through yet unknown mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Rao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Metabolic, Endocrine and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 5 E. 98th St., New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Esteghamati A, Zandieh A, Zandieh B, Khalilzadeh O, Meysamie A, Nakhjavani M, Gouya MM. Leptin cut-off values for determination of metabolic syndrome: third national surveillance of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in Iran (SuRFNCD-2007). Endocrine 2011; 40:117-23. [PMID: 21384232 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-011-9447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is strongly contributed to the clustering of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and potentially can be regarded as a single predictor of MetS. This population-based study, for the first time, reports the diagnostic accuracy of different leptin cut-points for determining MetS. Further, the current study compares the predictive ability of the appropriate threshold of leptin with insulin resistance. Data of the individuals without history of known diabetes mellitus, aged 25-64 years, from the third national surveillance of risk factors of non-communicable diseases (SuRFNCD-2007) were analyzed. MetS was defined due to either adult treatment panel III (ATPIII) or the modified international diabetes federation (IDF) criteria. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were depicted to define cut-off of serum leptin, using the maximum Youden index and the shortest distance methods. Further, the values of leptin cut-offs in prediction of MetS were compared with those of insulin resistance (defined as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance >1.775). In men, the optimal cut-offs of leptin for IDF- and ATPIII-defined MetS were 3.6 ng/ml (positive predictive value, PPV: 56.5%; negative predictive value, NPV: 72.7%) and 4.1 ng/ml (PPV: 49.6%; NPV: 78.1%), respectively. In women, the optimal threshold was equal to 11.0 ng/ml (PPV: 53.8%; NPV: 73.0% for IDF criteria and PPV: 60.1%; NPV: 64.9% for ATPIII criteria). The diagnostic accuracy of these values in identifying MetS was similar to that of insulin resistance. Therefore, leptin is comparable to insulin resistance in identifying MetS and can be used as single predictor of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
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Li WC, Hsiao KY, Chen IC, Chang YC, Wang SH, Wu KH. Serum leptin is associated with cardiometabolic risk and predicts metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese adults. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2011; 10:36. [PMID: 21526991 PMCID: PMC3098150 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-10-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, few studies have assessed its relationship with metabolic syndrome, especially in an Asian population. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess leptin levels and evaluate its association with CVD and metabolic syndrome. METHODS In 2009, 957 subjects, who underwent a routine physical examination and choose leptin examination, were selected to participate. Participants (269 females and 688 males) were stratified according to leptin level quartiles. Metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP ATP III using waist circumference cutoffs modified for Asian populations, and CVD risk was determined using the Framingham Heart Study profile. RESULTS Leptin levels were correlated with CVD risk in men and women. With the exception of fasting plasma glucose, increased leptin levels were observed as factors associated with metabolic syndrome increased in both males and females. After adjusting for age, an association between leptin levels and metabolic syndrome was observed. After adjusting for age alone or with tobacco use, subjects in the highest leptin quartile had a higher risk of having metabolic syndrome than those in the lowest quartile (OR=6.14 and 2.94 for men and women, respectively). After further adjustment for BMI, metabolic syndrome risk remained significantly increased with increasing leptin quartiles in men. Finally, increased leptin levels were a predictor of metabolic syndrome in men and women. CONCLUSIONS Serum leptin levels are correlated with CVD risk and metabolic syndrome. Analysis of leptin as part of routine physical examinations may prove beneficial for early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Li
- Department of Occupation Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, No, 222, Maijin Rd,, Keelung, Taiwan.
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Hattori T, Murase T, Ohtake M, Inoue T, Tsukamoto H, Takatsu M, Kato Y, Hashimoto K, Murohara T, Nagata K. Characterization of a new animal model of metabolic syndrome: the DahlS.Z-Lepr(fa)/Lepr(fa) rat. Nutr Diabetes 2011; 1:e1. [PMID: 23154293 PMCID: PMC3302131 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2010.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The DahlS.Z-Leprfa/Leprfa (DS/obese) rat strain was established from a cross between Dahl salt-sensitive rats and Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats, the latter of which harbor a missense mutation in the leptin receptor gene (Lepr). We examined whether DS/obese rats might be a suitable animal model of metabolic syndrome in humans. Methods: The systemic pathophysiological and metabolic characteristics of DS/obese rats were determined and compared with those of homozygous lean littermates, namely, DahlS.Z-Lepr+/Lepr+ (DS/lean) rats. Results: Systolic blood pressure was higher in DS/obese rats fed a normal diet than in DS/lean rats at 11 weeks of age and thereafter. The survival rate of DS/obese rats was significantly lower than that of DS/lean rats at 18 weeks. Body weight, visceral and subcutaneous fat mass, as well as heart, kidney and liver weights, were increased in DS/obese rats at 18 weeks compared with DS/lean rats. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin concentrations, as well as the ratio of LDL-cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, were increased in DS/obese rats, whereas serum glucose concentration did not differ significantly between DS/obese and DS/lean rats. Creatinine clearance was decreased and urinary protein content was increased in DS/obese rats, which also manifested lipid accumulation in the liver and elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Conclusion: These results show that the phenotype of DS/obese rats is similar to that of humans with metabolic syndrome, and that these animals may thus be an appropriate model for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hattori
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Nakhjavani M, Esteghamati A, Tarafdari AM, Nikzamir A, Ashraf H, Abbasi M. Association of plasma leptin levels and insulin resistance in diabetic women: a cross-sectional analysis in an Iranian population with different results in men and women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:14-9. [PMID: 20553219 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2010.487583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the association of serum leptin levels with insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MetS), lipid levels, and glucose control in an Iranian type 2 diabetic population. FINDINGS In this cross-sectional analysis, 132 type 2 diabetic patients (79 women) and 71 healthy non-diabetic and non-hypertensive individuals (40 women; as control subjects) were included. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin values ≥ 1.8 for females and 1.7 for males was regarded as the cut-point of IR. MetS was defined according to updated 2005 NCEP ATP III criteria. The leptin correlated with HOMA-IR values without adjustment (r = 0.24; p < 0.005) and with adjustment for sex and diabetes (r = 0.44; p < 0.005). Sex had significant effect on the BMI adjusted association of HOMA-IR (quintiles) and leptin (df = 4 F(12.7) = 3.5; p = 0.011). In diabetic women (but not men), leptin levels were different between those with and without IR (27.3 ± 1.9 vs. 18.2 ± 3.3; p < 0.05). BMI adjusted leptin values were different between subjects with and without MetS (22.2 ± 1.7 vs.14.8 ± 1.2; p < 0.001). No association was noticed between BMI-adjusted leptin with glycated hemoglobin or blood lipid levels. CONCLUSIONS In this study, plasma leptin concentration correlated with IR independent of the effect of obesity in female but not male diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouchehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Mayer O, Filipovský J, Galovcová M, Bruthans J, Hrbková J, Vrzalová J, Cífková R, Šimon J. An inverse association between serum leptin concentration and reported alcohol intake in patients with manifest vascular disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:1350-7. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Calabrò P, Golia E, Riegler L, Limongelli G, Golino P, Russo MG, Calabrò R. Inflammation: The Link Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-010-0087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Madarász E, Tabák AG, Speer G, Lakatos P, Kerényi Z, Tamás G. Abnormal glucose tolerance is associated with diminished postload change in leptin levels in women. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:632-8. [PMID: 19681034 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally accepted that the metabolic effects of leptin are diminished in the obese due to leptin resistance. Hormone resistance may develop if diurnal (including meal-related) changes in hormone levels are disrupted. We sought to describe leptin changes after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in women with a prior diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (a high risk group for the metabolic syndrome) compared to that in healthy controls. METHODS In 2000 a retrospective cohort study was performed on women who had been diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (WHO criteria 1985, n = 57) between 1996 and 1998 and on a healthy control female group (n = 36) all of whom had had a prior pregnancy without any diagnosis of diabetes. All the women underwent a standard 75 g OGTT. Serum leptin was measured by radioimmunoassay before and 90 min after the OGTT. RESULTS Using multilevel models of change, fasting leptin levels were shown to be associated with body mass index; 10.1% (95% CI 8.1-12.1%) increase per 1 kg/m(2) increase in body mass index), homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity; 0.4% (95% CI 0.2-0.7%) decrease per 1% increase in insulin sensitivity); abnormal glucose tolerance (24% decrease, 95% CI 8-37%); and smoking (31% decrease, 95% CI 16-44%). Postload (90 min) leptin levels decreased significantly in women with normal glucose tolerance by 13% (95% CI 8-18%), while no significant change in postload leptin level was apparent in women with abnormal glucose tolerance (3% increase, 95% CI -4% to 29%). CONCLUSIONS Disturbed leptin changes were found following an OGTT in women with abnormal glucose tolerance that might be either a cause or a consequence of leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Madarász
- Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Department of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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Huang W, Bansode R, Mehta M, Mehta KD. Loss of protein kinase Cbeta function protects mice against diet-induced obesity and development of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Hepatology 2009; 49:1525-36. [PMID: 19296465 PMCID: PMC2728215 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an energy balance disorder in which intake is greater than expenditure, with most excess calories stored as triglyceride (TG). We previously reported that mice lacking the beta-isoform of protein kinase C (PKCbeta), a diacylglycerol- and phospholipid-dependent kinase, exhibit marked reduction in the whole body TG content, including white adipose tissue (WAT) mass. To investigate the role of this signaling kinase in metabolic adaptations to severe dietary stress, we studied the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on PKCbeta expression and the effect of PKCbeta deficiency on profound weight gain. We report herein that HFD selectively increased PKCbeta expression in obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice, specifically in WAT; the expression levels were little or unchanged in the liver, muscle, kidney, and heart. Basal PKCbeta expression was also found to be elevated in WAT of obese ob/ob mice. Remarkably, mice lacking PKCbeta were resistant to HFD-induced obesity, showing significantly reduced WAT and slightly higher core body temperatures. Unlike lean lipodystrophic mouse models, these mice did not have fatty livers, nor did they exhibit insulin resistance. Moreover, PKCbeta(-/-) mice exhibited changes in lipid metabolism gene expression, and such alterations were accompanied by significant changes in serum adipokines. These observations suggest that PKCbeta deficiency induced a unique metabolic state congruous with obesity resistance, thus raising the possibility that dysregulation of PKCbeta expression could contribute to dietary fat-induced obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 464 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Rishipal Bansode
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 464 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Madhu Mehta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 464 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Kamal D. Mehta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 464 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, OH 43210,Dr. Kamal D. Mehta, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 464 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43016. Tel: 614-688-8451; Fax: 614-292-4118; E-mail:
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Sattar N, Wannamethee G, Sarwar N, Chernova J, Lawlor DA, Kelly A, Wallace AM, Danesh J, Whincup PH. Leptin and coronary heart disease: prospective study and systematic review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53:167-75. [PMID: 19130985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to better determine the link between leptin and coronary heart disease (CHD). BACKGROUND Circulating leptin is considered a risk factor for CHD but larger studies are needed. METHODS Leptin levels were measured in 550 men with fatal CHD or nonfatal myocardial infarction and in 1,184 controls nested within a prospective study of 5,661 British men and set in context with a meta-analysis. RESULTS Baseline leptin correlated with body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and inflammatory markers; correlations persisted after BMI adjustment. The within-person consistency of leptin values over 4 years (correlation coefficient: 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73 to 0.83) was higher than those of some established cardiovascular risk factors. In a comparison of individuals in the top third with those in the bottom third of baseline leptin, the age- and town-adjusted odds ratio for CHD was 1.25 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.62), decreasing to 0.98 (95% CI: 0.72 to 1.34) after adjustment for BMI. A systematic review identified 7 prospective reports with heterogeneous findings (I(2) = 60%, 13% to 82%). The combined adjusted risk ratio across all studies was 1.44 (95% CI: 0.95 to 2.16) in a comparison of extreme thirds of leptin levels. The inconsistency between studies was partially explained by sample size, with combined estimates from studies involving >100 CHD cases (1.28, 95% CI: 0.80 to 2.04) being somewhat weaker than those from smaller studies (1.81, 95% CI: 0.76 to 4.31). CONCLUSIONS Previous studies appear to have overestimated associations of leptin and CHD risk. Our results suggest a moderate association that is largely dependent on BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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Kim SK, Kim HJ, Ahn CW, Park SW, Cho YW, Lim SK, Lee HC, Cha BS. Hyperleptinemia as a robust risk factor of coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients. Endocr J 2008; 55:1085-92. [PMID: 18724043 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k08e-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin has been linked to adiposity, insulin resistance, and coronary artery disease (CAD). We examined whether the leptin concentrations are associated with the risk of CAD and metabolic syndrome (MS). The plasma leptin concentrations were measured in 556 diabetic patients (341 men and 215 women). The odds ratio (OR) of CAD and MS were increased on moving from the lowest quartile (Q1) of leptin concentration to the highest quartile (Q4) and remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and treatment modalities for hyperglycemia. The frequency of CAD was highest in the insulin resistant group (Q4 of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index [HOMA-IR]) at Q4 of leptin concentration (34.5%), compared with that of Q4 of leptin (26.4%) or HOMA-IR (21.9%). In multivariate analysis, plasma leptin concentration was identified as the most significantly independent predictor for CAD (OR 10.24, 95% CI 3.01 to 45.05). Other variables with associated with CAD were age, sex, hypertension, low-HDL cholesterolemia, and hsCRP. In conclusion, hyperleptinemia might be an independent risk factor for CAD and MS in diabetic subjects. And the simultaneous measurement of insulin resistance and leptin concentration might be helpful for screening subjects with a high-risk of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University, Sungnam, Korea
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Antal M, Regöly-Mérei A, Nagy K, Biró L, Péter S, Arató G, Szabó C, Lásztity N, Martos É. Is there a unique measuring method to assess obesity? Orv Hetil 2008; 149:1943-8. [DOI: 10.1556/oh.2008.28421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Az elhízás mértékének megállapítására nincs egységesen elfogadott mérőmódszer.Célkitűzésannak megállapítása, hogy milyen összefüggés van a testtömegindex, a testzsírszázalék és a haskörfogat alapján felállított kategóriák és az inzulinrezisztencia, a szérumleptin és -rezisztin koncentrációja között.Módszerek:A vizsgálatot 101 fiú és 115 lány részvételével végezték el. Mérték a testmagasságot, a testtömeget, a haskörfogatot, a testösszetételt pedig InBody3 bioimpedancia-készülékkel határozták meg. A testtömegindexet és a testzsírszázalékot a készülék számította ki. A szérumban a glükózinzulin-, a leptin- és a rezisztintartalom került meghatározásra. Az inzulinrezisztencia mértékét a HOMAIRmodellel becsülték meg.Eredmények:A testzsírszázalék, a szérumleptin és -rezisztin koncentrációja szignifikánsan nagyobb volt a lányok, mint a fiúk esetében. A testtömegindex, a testzsírszázalék és a haskörfogat növekedésével összhangban szignifikánsan nőtt mind a HOMAIR-érték, mind a szérumleptin koncentrációja. A túlsúlyos fiúk – akik, a testzsírszázalék alapján elhízottaknak bizonyultak – szérumleptin-koncentrációja szignifikánsan nagyobb volt, mint nem elhízott társaiké.Következtetés:Mind az epidemiológiai vizsgálatokban, mind a táplálkozási intervenciókban szükséges lenne a testösszetétel meghatározása a szervezetben lezajló biokémiai változások nyomon követése érdekében.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Antal
- 1 Országos Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Intézet Budapest Gyáli út 3/A 1097
| | - Andrea Regöly-Mérei
- 1 Országos Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Intézet Budapest Gyáli út 3/A 1097
| | - Katalin Nagy
- 1 Országos Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Intézet Budapest Gyáli út 3/A 1097
| | - Lajos Biró
- 1 Országos Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Intézet Budapest Gyáli út 3/A 1097
| | - Szabolcs Péter
- 1 Országos Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Intézet Budapest Gyáli út 3/A 1097
| | - Györgyi Arató
- 1 Országos Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Intézet Budapest Gyáli út 3/A 1097
| | - Csaba Szabó
- 1 Országos Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Intézet Budapest Gyáli út 3/A 1097
| | | | - Éva Martos
- 1 Országos Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Intézet Budapest Gyáli út 3/A 1097
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Ealey KN, Lu S, Archer MC. Development of aberrant crypt foci in the colons of ob/ob and db/db mice: evidence that leptin is not a promoter. Mol Carcinog 2008; 47:667-77. [PMID: 18240295 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is elevated in obesity and has been suggested to increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), although the evidence is conflicting. The objective of this study was to compare the susceptibility to colon carcinogenesis of db/db mice that have highly elevated circulating leptin and leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, both of which are obese. Seven-week-old male ob/ob, db/db, and WT mice received 4 weekly i.p. injections of 5 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM) and were killed 14 wk later for the analysis of putative preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). There were no differences in ACF number or multiplicity between ob/ob and db/db mice. Leptin has been shown to induce CYP2E1, the main enzyme that activates AOM, but we observed no differences in hepatic CYP2E1 activity or colonic CYP2E1 protein levels between ob/ob and db/db mice. We also induced ACF with 2 oral doses 3 d apart of 30 mg/kg methylnitrosourea (MNU), a direct-acting carcinogen. There were no differences in ACF number or multiplicity between the two groups of obese animals 5 wk following the last dose of MNU. The colonic mucosa of db/db mice expressed significantly lower mRNA levels of ObRa, the predominant short form of the leptin receptor, compared to ob/ob mice, and following i.p. injection with 1 mg/kg recombinant mouse leptin, exhibited significantly reduced p44/42 pMAPK compared to saline-treated controls. These results show that ObRa is functionally active in the colons of db/db mice. We conclude that leptin does not play a significant role in ACF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafi N Ealey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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46
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Lower leptin concentration in Type 2 diabetic men. JOURNAL OF MEN'S HEALTH 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jomh.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Galletti F, Barbato A, Versiero M, Iacone R, Russo O, Barba G, Siani A, Cappuccio FP, Farinaro E, della Valle E, Strazzullo P. Circulating leptin levels predict the development of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men: an 8-year follow-up study. J Hypertens 2007; 25:1671-7. [PMID: 17620965 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3281afa09e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because high circulating plasma leptin is associated with many features of the metabolic syndrome (MS), such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and high blood pressure (BP), we analysed the ability of plasma leptin concentration to predict the risk of developing MS in a prospective investigation of adult male participants of the Olivetti Heart Study (OHS). METHODS AND RESULTS Three hundred and sixty out of 907 men participating in the 1994-95 and 2002-04 OHS examinations (mean age at baseline 50.4 years, range 25-73 years) were free of MS at first visit according to NCEP-ATP III criteria (modified for the lack of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement at baseline). During an average follow-up period of 8 years, there were 52 incident cases of MS (14.5%) due, in particular, to a rise in the prevalence of high BP (+42.4%), abdominal obesity (+16.4%) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG, +6.1%). In multivariate analyses, a one standard deviation difference in baseline plasma leptin concentration was associated with a 1.58-fold greater risk of developing MS (95% confidence interval = 1.10-2.30, P = 0.016) accounting for age, waist circumference, homeostatic assessment model index, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity. In particular, plasma leptin was positively associated with the risk of developing high BP (0.006) and IFG (0.014), after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION In this sample of an adult male population free of MS at baseline, circulating plasma leptin was a significant predictor of the risk of MS and, in particular, of its high BP and IFG components, independently of potential confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferruccio Galletti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples Medical School, Naples, Italy.
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Lawlor DA, Smith GD, Kelly A, Sattar N, Ebrahim S. Leptin and coronary heart disease risk: prospective case control study of British women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007; 15:1694-701. [PMID: 17636087 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prospective studies have shown a positive association between leptin concentrations and coronary heart disease (CHD) in men, but its effect in women is unclear. Our objective was to examine the association of serum leptin levels with CHD in a prospective study of women. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES We conducted a prospective (4 year) case (N=165) control (N=335) study nested within a cohort of 4286 British women. RESULTS With mutual adjustment for each other and age, social class, smoking, and physical activity, leptin was positively associated with BMI, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and hypertension and was inversely associated with homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity. Leptin was not associated with CHD risk (age-adjusted relative risk for a doubling of leptin: 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91, 1.29]). This changed little with adjustment for childhood and adult social class, smoking, alcohol, and physical activity but attenuated to 1.00 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.26) with further adjustment for other metabolic risk factors (waist-to-hip ratio, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, fasting insulin, hypertension). DISCUSSION We found no strong statistical evidence that leptin is associated with CHD risk in this study population of older British women. Further research is needed to compare associations of leptin with CHD in men and women and to determine whether the effect varies by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie A Lawlor
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK.
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Iribarren C, Husson G, Go AS, Lo JC, Fair JM, Rubin GD, Hlatky MA, Fortmann SP. Plasma leptin levels and coronary artery calcification in older adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:729-32. [PMID: 17148566 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Leptin is associated with adiposity and insulin resistance and may play a direct role in vascular calcification. It is unclear, however, whether leptin is an independent predictor of atherosclerotic burden. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association between plasma leptin and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in an ethnically diverse cohort of older adult men and women free of clinical cardiovascular disease. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study with data collection between January 2002 and February 2004 as part of the ADVANCE Study. SETTING The study was conducted at an integrated health care delivery system in Northern California. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 949 men and women aged 60-69 yr old. INTERVENTIONS There were no interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome measure was CAC by multidetector row computed tomography. RESULTS In ordinal logistic regression, plasma leptin levels were positively associated with extent of CAC independently of age, race/ethnicity, and smoking status in women (odds ratio of higher CAC for the sex-specific upper tertile vs. lower tertile = 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-3.00) but not in men (odds ratio = 1.29; 95% confidence interval = 0.89-1.86). However, this association was explained by metabolic risk factors and adiposity measures. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a role of leptin on vascular calcification in women but, in our sample of older adults, the association between leptin and CAC was not independent of other cardiac risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Iribarren
- Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, California 94612, USA.
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