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Duvillard L, Pais de Barros JP, Rouland A, Simoneau I, Denimal D, Bouillet B, Petit JM, Vergès B. No effect of liraglutide on high density lipoprotein apolipoprotein AI kinetics in patients with type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2024; 50:101535. [PMID: 38653365 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2024.101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM The catabolism of high density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) is accelerated in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), related to hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance and low plasma adiponectin levels. Since liraglutide is likely to partly correct these abnormalities, we hypothesized that it might have a beneficial effect on HDL apoAI kinetics in patients with T2D. METHODS An in vivo kinetic study of HDL apoAI was performed in 10 patients with T2D before and after 6 months of treatment with 1.2 mg/day of liraglutide, using a bolus of l-[1-13C]leucine followed by a 16-hour constant infusion. RESULTS Liraglutide reduced BMI (34.9 ± 4.7 vs 36.6 ± 4.9 kg/m2, P = 0.012), HbA1c (7.1 ± 1.1 vs 9.6 ± 2.6%, P = 0.003), HOMA-IR (5.5 ± 1.9 vs 11.6 ± 11.2, P = 0.003), fasting triglycerides (1.76 ± 0.37 vs 2.48 ± 0.69 mmol/l, P < 0.001) and triglycerides during kinetics (2.34 ± 0.81 vs 2.66 ± 0.65 mmol/l, P = 0.053). Plasma HDL cholesterol and adiponectin concentrations were unchanged (respectively 0.97 ± 0.26 vs 0.97 ± 0.19 mmol/l, P = 1; 3169 ± 1561 vs 2618 ± 1651 µg/l, P = 0.160), similar to triglyceride content in HDL (5.13 ± 1.73 vs 5.39 ± 1.07%, P = 0.386). Liraglutide modified neither HDL apoAI fractional catabolic rate (0.35 ± 0.11 vs 0.38 ± 0.11 pool/day, P = 0.375), nor its production rate (0.44 ± 0.13 vs 0.49 ± 0.15 g/l/day, P = 0.375), nor its plasma concentration (1.26 ± 0.19 vs 1.29 ± 0.14 g/l, P = 0.386). CONCLUSION Six months of treatment with 1.2 mg/day of liraglutide had no effect on the kinetics of HDL apoAI in patients with T2D. The lack of decrease in triglyceride content in HDL related to an only moderate decrease in triglyceridemia, probably greatly explains these results. Insufficient improvement of insulin sensitivity and adiponectinemia may also be implied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Duvillard
- University of Burgundy-INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; Department of Biochemistry, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France.
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- University of Burgundy-INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; Lipidomic Analytical Platform, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Alexia Rouland
- University of Burgundy-INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Simoneau
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Damien Denimal
- University of Burgundy-INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; Department of Biochemistry, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- University of Burgundy-INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Petit
- University of Burgundy-INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- University of Burgundy-INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
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2
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Denimal D, Monier S, Bouillet B, Vergès B, Duvillard L. High-Density Lipoprotein Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020253. [PMID: 36837872 PMCID: PMC9967905 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations affecting high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are one of the various abnormalities observed in dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Kinetic studies have demonstrated that the catabolism of HDL particles is accelerated. Both the size and the lipidome and proteome of HDL particles are significantly modified, which likely contributes to some of the functional defects of HDLs. Studies on cholesterol efflux capacity have yielded heterogeneous results, ranging from a defect to an improvement. Several studies indicate that HDLs are less able to inhibit the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) proinflammatory pathway, and subsequently, the adhesion of monocytes on endothelium and their recruitment into the subendothelial space. In addition, the antioxidative function of HDL particles is diminished, thus facilitating the deleterious effects of oxidized low-density lipoproteins on vasculature. Lastly, the HDL-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase is less effective in T2DM and metabolic syndrome, contributing to several HDL functional defects, such as an impaired capacity to promote vasodilatation and endothelium repair, and difficulty counteracting the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Denimal
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Serge Monier
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duvillard
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
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3
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Yu W, Zhou G, Fan B, Gao C, Li C, Wei M, Lv J, He L, Feng G, Zhang T. Temporal sequence of blood lipids and insulin resistance in perimenopausal women: the study of women's health across the nation. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/2/e002653. [PMID: 35351687 PMCID: PMC8966521 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To explore the temporal relationship between blood lipids and insulin resistance in perimenopausal women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The longitudinal cohort consisted of 1386 women (mean age 46.4 years at baseline) in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify appropriate latent factors of lipids (total cholesterol (TC); triglyceride (TG); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); lipoprotein A-I (LpA-I); apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I); apolipoprotein B (ApoB)). Cross-lagged path analysis was used to explore the temporal sequence of blood lipids and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Three latent lipid factors were defined as: the TG factor, the cholesterol transport factor (CT), including TC, LDL-C, and ApoB; the reverse cholesterol transport factor (RCT), including HDL-C, LpA-I, and ApoA-I. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the three factors was 86.3%. The synchronous correlations between baseline TG, RCT, CT, and baseline HOMA-IR were 0.284, -0.174, and 0.112 (p<0.05 for all). After adjusting for age, race, smoking, drinking, body mass index, and follow-up years, the path coefficients of TG→HOMA-IR (0.073, p=0.004), and HOMA-IR→TG (0.057, p=0.006) suggested a bidirectional relationship between TG and HOMA-IR. The path coefficients of RCT→HOMA-IR (-0.091, P < 0.001) and HOMA-IR→RCT (-0.058, p=0.002) were also significant, but the path coefficients of CT→HOMA-IR (0.031, p=0.206) and HOMA-IR→CT (-0.028, p=0.113) were not. The sensitivity analyses showed consistent results. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that TG and the reverse cholesterol transport-related lipids are related with insulin resistance bidirectionally, while there is no temporal relationship between the cholesterol transport factor and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guangshuai Zhou
- Department of Human Resources, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chaonan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengke Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiali Lv
- Department of Biostatistics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Biostatistics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoshuang Feng
- Big Data and Engineering Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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4
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Ying Q, Chan DC, Barrett PHR, Watts GF. Unravelling lipoprotein metabolism with stable isotopes: tracing the flow. Metabolism 2021; 124:154887. [PMID: 34508741 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated lipoprotein metabolism is a major cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Use of stable isotope tracers and compartmental modelling have provided deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying lipid disorders in patients at high risk of ASCVD, including familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and metabolic syndrome (MetS). In patients with FH, deficiency in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity not only impairs the catabolism of LDL, but also induces hepatic overproduction and decreases catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). Patients with elevated Lp(a) are characterized by increased hepatic secretion of Lp(a) particles. Atherogenic dyslipidemia in MetS patients relates to a combination of overproduction of very-low density lipoprotein-apolipoprotein (apo) B-100, decreased catabolism of apoB-100-containing particles, and increased catabolism of high-density lipoprotein-apoA-I particles, as well as to impaired clearance of TRLs in the postprandial state. Kinetic studies show that weight loss, fish oils, statins and fibrates have complementary modes of action that correct atherogenic dyslipidemia. Defining the kinetic mechanisms of action of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and angiopoietin-like 3 inhibitors on lipid and lipoprotein mechanism in dyslipidemic subjects will further our understanding of these therapies in decreasing the development of ASCVD. "Everything changes but change itself. Everything flows and nothing remains the same... You cannot step twice into the same river, for other waters and yet others go flowing ever on." Heraclitus (c.535- c. 475 BCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Ying
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dick C Chan
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - P Hugh R Barrett
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic, Departments of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
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5
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Yoshinaga MY, Quintanilha BJ, Chaves-Filho AB, Miyamoto S, Sampaio GR, Rogero MM. Postprandial plasma lipidome responses to a high-fat meal among healthy women. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108809. [PMID: 34192591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia consists of changes in concentrations and composition of plasma lipids after food intake, commonly presented as increased levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia may also affect high-density lipoprotein (HDL) structure and function, resulting in a net decrease in HDL concentrations. Elevated triglycerides (TG) and reduced HDL levels have been positively associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases development. Here, we investigated the plasma lipidome composition of 12 clinically healthy, nonobese and young women in response to an acute high-caloric (1135 kcal) and high-fat (64 g) breakfast meal. For this purpose, we employed a detailed untargeted mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach and data was obtained at four sampling points: fasting and 1, 3 and 5 h postprandial. Analysis of variance revealed 73 significantly altered lipid species between all sampling points. Nonetheless, two divergent subgroups have emerged at 5 h postprandial as a function of differential plasma lipidome responses, and were thereby designated slow and fast TG metabolizers. Late responses by slow TG metabolizers were associated with increased concentrations of several species of TG and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Lipidomic analysis of lipoprotein fractions at 5 h postprandial revealed higher TG and PI concentrations in HDL from slow relative to fast TG metabolizers, but not in apoB-containing fraction. These data indicate that modulations in HDL lipidome during prolonged postprandial lipemia may potentially impact HDL functions. A comprehensive characterization of plasma lipidome responses to acute metabolic challenges may contribute to a better understanding of diet/lifestyle regulation in the metabolism of lipid and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Yukio Yoshinaga
- Laboratory of Modified Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Jardim Quintanilha
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP, Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Britto Chaves-Filho
- Laboratory of Modified Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Modified Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geni Rodrigues Sampaio
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP, Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Chétiveaux M, Croyal M, Ouguerram K, Fall F, Flet L, Zair Y, Nobecourt E, Krempf M. Effect of fasting and feeding on apolipoprotein A-I kinetics in preβ 1-HDL, α-HDL, and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15585. [PMID: 32973209 PMCID: PMC7519065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the kinetics of apolipoprotein (apo)A-I during fed and fasted states in humans, and to determine to what extent the intestine contributes to apoA-I production. A stable isotope study was conducted to determine the kinetics of apoA-I in preβ1 high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and α-HDL. Six healthy male subjects received a constant intravenous infusion of 2H3-leucine for 14 h. Subjects in the fed group also received small hourly meals. Blood samples were collected hourly during tracer infusion and then daily for 4 days. Tracer enrichments were measured by mass spectrometry and then fitted to a compartmental model using asymptotic plateau of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apoB100 and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) apoB48 as estimates of hepatic and intestinal precursor pools, respectively. The clearance rate of preβ1-HDL-apoA-I was lower in fed individuals compared with fasted subjects (p < 0.05). No other differences in apoA-I production or clearance rates were observed between the groups. No significant correlation was observed between plasma apoC-III concentrations and apoA-I kinetic data. In contrast, HDL-apoC-III was inversely correlated with the conversion of α-HDL to preβ1-HDL. Total apoA-I synthesis was not significantly increased in fed subjects. Hepatic production was not significantly different between the fed group (17.17 ± 2.75 mg/kg/day) and the fasted group (18.67 ± 1.69 mg/kg/day). Increase in intestinal apoA-I secretion in fed subjects was 2.20 ± 0.61 mg/kg/day. The HDL-apoA-I kinetics were similar in the fasted and fed groups, with 13% of the total apoA-I originating from the intestine with feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- CRNH-O Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France. .,NUN, INRA, CHU Nantes, UMR 1280, PhAN, IMAD, CRNH-O, IRS-UN-Spectrométrie de Masse-8, quai Moncousu, 44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- CRNH-O Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France.,NUN, INRA, CHU Nantes, UMR 1280, PhAN, IMAD, CRNH-O, IRS-UN-Spectrométrie de Masse-8, quai Moncousu, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Fanta Fall
- CRNH-O Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Flet
- Pharmacy Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Yassine Zair
- CRNH-O Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Nobecourt
- CRNH-O Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France.,Nephrology Department, CHU Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Michel Krempf
- CRNH-O Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France.,Clinique Bretéché, Groupe Elsan, Nantes, France
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7
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Liang L, Li J, Fu H, Liu X, Liu P. Identification of High Serum Apolipoprotein A1 as a Favorable Prognostic Indicator in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. J Cancer 2019; 10:4852-4859. [PMID: 31598156 PMCID: PMC6775509 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is to explore the prognostic significance of serum lipid profiles in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The study retrospectively enrolled 307 MM patients in Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China, from 2007 to 2016. We evaluated the prognostic significance of the pre-diagnostic serum lipid profile [cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) and Apolipoprotein B (Apo B)]. Prognostic factors identified through univariate and multivariate analysis were used to construct a new model based on Lasso Cox regression. Results indicated that lipid levels showed significant difference between ISS stages: Apo A1, Apo B, Cholesterol and LDL levels were lower in late ISS stage. However, only Apo A1 showed statistically significance in overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and cause specific survival (CSS) (P=0.038, P=0.028, P=0.011) in univariate Cox regression. Patients with higher Apo A1 displayed longer OS (median OS, 67 months vs. 30 months; P<0.001). Also, Apo A1 was revealed to be an independent prognostic indicator through multivariate analysis. Combining the Apo A1 level, Zhongshan Score model was constructed with Lasso regression for prognosis prediction. This model exhibited higher accuracy than International Staging System (ISS) and Durie and Salmon (DS) system. In conclusion, among all the serum lipid profiles, serum Apo A1 is a powerful prognostic indicator for patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Liang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hangcheng Fu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Vergès B, Duvillard L, Pais de Barros JP, Bouillet B, Baillot-Rudoni S, Rouland A, Sberna AL, Petit JM, Degrace P, Demizieux L. Liraglutide Reduces Postprandial Hyperlipidemia by Increasing ApoB48 (Apolipoprotein B48) Catabolism and by Reducing ApoB48 Production in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:2198-2206. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Treatment with liraglutide, a GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) agonist, has been shown to reduce postprandial lipidemia, an important feature of diabetic dyslipidemia. However, the underlying mechanisms for this effect remain unknown. This prompted us to study the effect of liraglutide on the metabolism of ApoB48 (apolipoprotein B48).
Approach and Results—
We performed an in vivo kinetic study with stable isotopes (D
8
-valine) in the fed state in 10 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus before treatment and 6 months after the initiation of treatment with liraglutide (1.2 mg/d). We also evaluated, in mice, the effect of a 1-week liraglutide treatment on postload triglycerides and analysed in vitro on jejunum, the direct effect of liraglutide on the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of chylomicron. In diabetic patients, liraglutide treatment induced a dramatic reduction of ApoB48 pool (65±38 versus 162±87 mg;
P
=0.005) because of a significant decrease in ApoB48 production rate (3.02±1.33 versus 6.14±4.27 mg kg
-1
d
-1
;
P
=0.009) and a significant increase in ApoB48 fractional catabolic rate (5.12±1.35 versus 3.69±0.75 pool d
-1
;
P
=0.005). One-week treatment with liraglutide significantly reduced postload plasma triglycerides in mice and liraglutide, in vitro, reduced the expression of ApoB48, DGAT1 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1), and MTP (microsomal transfer protein) genes.
Conclusions—
We show that treatment with liraglutide induces a significant reduction of the ApoB48 pool because of both a reduction of ApoB48 production and an increase in ApoB48 catabolism. In vitro, liraglutide reduces the expression of genes involved in chylomicron synthesis. These effects might benefit cardiovascular health.
Clinical Trial Registration—
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02721888.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vergès
- From the Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., B.B, S.B.-R., A.R., A.-L.S., J.M.P.)
- INSERM LNR UMR1231, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France (B.V., L.D., J.P.P.d.B., B.B., J.-M.P., P.D., L.D.)
| | - Laurence Duvillard
- INSERM LNR UMR1231, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France (B.V., L.D., J.P.P.d.B., B.B., J.-M.P., P.D., L.D.)
| | - Jean Paul Pais de Barros
- INSERM LNR UMR1231, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France (B.V., L.D., J.P.P.d.B., B.B., J.-M.P., P.D., L.D.)
- Lipidomic Analytical Platform, Bâtiment B3, Dijon, France (J.P.P.d.B.)
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- From the Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., B.B, S.B.-R., A.R., A.-L.S., J.M.P.)
- INSERM LNR UMR1231, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France (B.V., L.D., J.P.P.d.B., B.B., J.-M.P., P.D., L.D.)
| | - Sabine Baillot-Rudoni
- From the Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., B.B, S.B.-R., A.R., A.-L.S., J.M.P.)
| | - Alexia Rouland
- From the Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., B.B, S.B.-R., A.R., A.-L.S., J.M.P.)
| | - Anne-Laure Sberna
- From the Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., B.B, S.B.-R., A.R., A.-L.S., J.M.P.)
| | - Jean-Michel Petit
- From the Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., B.B, S.B.-R., A.R., A.-L.S., J.M.P.)
- INSERM LNR UMR1231, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France (B.V., L.D., J.P.P.d.B., B.B., J.-M.P., P.D., L.D.)
| | - Pascal Degrace
- INSERM LNR UMR1231, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France (B.V., L.D., J.P.P.d.B., B.B., J.-M.P., P.D., L.D.)
| | - Laurent Demizieux
- Department of Biochemistry (L.D.), University Hospital, Dijon, France
- INSERM LNR UMR1231, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France (B.V., L.D., J.P.P.d.B., B.B., J.-M.P., P.D., L.D.)
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9
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Zhang J, Song W, Sun Y, Cheng B, Shan A. Changes in glucose metabolism and mRNA expression of IRS-2 in rats exposed to phoxim and the protective effects of vitamin E. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:201-210. [PMID: 30090575 PMCID: PMC6061297 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that organophosphorus pesticides impair glucose homeostasis and cause insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The current study investigates the influence of phoxim on insulin signaling pathways and the protective effects of vitamin E. Phoxim (180 mg kg-1) and VE (200 mg kg-1) were administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats over a period of 28 consecutive days. After exposure to phoxim, the animals showed glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia during glucose tolerance tests, and insulin tolerance tests demonstrated an impaired glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Phoxim increases the fasting glucose, insulin and cholesterol levels, as well as the liver hexokinase activity (HK) significantly while decreasing the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscles observably. Furthermore, we observed an increase of insulin resistance biomarkers and a decrease of insulin sensitivity indices. The insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 mRNA expressions of liver and skeletal muscles were down-regulated by phoxim, while the expression of IRS-1 showed no difference. There were no differences in triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and fasting glucose treated with phoxim. On the basis of biochemical and molecular findings, phoxim has been determined to impair glucose homeostasis through insulin resistance and insulin signaling pathway disruptions resulting in a reduced function of insulin in hepatocytes and muscles. VE supplementation reduced the fasting glucose, increased the glycogen content and HDL-cholesterol, but did not reduce the insulin resistance indices, when phoxim-treated rats were compared to VE supplemented rats. Overall, this study shows that vitamin E modifies the phoxim toxicity in rats only to a moderate degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , 150030 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 0451 5519 0685
| | - Wentao Song
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , 150030 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 0451 5519 0685
| | - Yuecheng Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , 150030 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 0451 5519 0685
| | - Baojing Cheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , 150030 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 0451 5519 0685
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , 150030 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 0451 5519 0685
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10
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Kashyap SR, Osme A, Ilchenko S, Golizeh M, Lee K, Wang S, Bena J, Previs SF, Smith JD, Kasumov T. Glycation Reduces the Stability of ApoAI and Increases HDL Dysfunction in Diet-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:388-396. [PMID: 29077935 PMCID: PMC5800833 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hyperglycemia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) dysfunction and increased degradation of apolipoprotein I (ApoAI). The mechanism(s) of these changes is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To study the role of hyperglycemia-induced glycation on ApoAI kinetics and stability in patients with diet-controlled T2DM. DESIGN 2H2O-metabolic labeling approach was used to study ApoAI turnover in patients with diet-controlled T2DM [n = 9 (5 F); 59.3 ± 8.5 years] and matched healthy controls [n = 8 (4 F); 50.7 ± 11.6 years]. The effect of Amadori glycation on in vivo ApoAI stability and the antioxidant and cholesterol efflux properties of HDL were assessed using a proteomics approach and in vitro assays. RESULTS Patients with T2DM had increased turnover of ApoAI and impaired cholesterol efflux and antioxidant properties of HDL. Glycated hemoglobin was negatively correlated with the half-life of ApoAI and cholesterol efflux function of HDL. Proteomics analysis identified several nonenzymatic early (Amadori) glycations of ApoAI at lysine sites. The kinetics analysis of glycated and native ApoAI peptides in patients with T2DM revealed that glycation resulted in a threefold shorter ApoAI half-life. CONCLUSIONS The 2H2O method allowed the detection of early in vivo impairments in HDL metabolism and function that were related to hyperglycemia-induced glycation of ApoAI in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta R. Kashyap
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Abdullah Osme
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Serguei Ilchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Makan Golizeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Kwangwon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - James Bena
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | | | - Jonathan D. Smith
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
- Department of Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
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11
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Mangat R, Borthwick F, Haase T, Jacome M, Nelson R, Kontush A, Vine DF, Proctor SD. Intestinal lymphatic HDL miR‐223 and ApoA‐I are reduced during insulin resistance and restored with niacin. FASEB J 2018; 32:1602-1612. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600298rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabban Mangat
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Group on the Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Faye Borthwick
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Group on the Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Tina Haase
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Group on the Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Miriam Jacome
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Group on the Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Randy Nelson
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Group on the Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research University of Pierre and Marie Curie, Salpétrière University Hospital Paris France
| | - Donna F. Vine
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Group on the Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Group on the Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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12
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Pourafshar S, Akhavan NS, George KS, Foley EM, Johnson SA, Keshavarz B, Navaei N, Davoudi A, Clark EA, Arjmandi BH. Egg consumption may improve factors associated with glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in adults with pre- and type II diabetes. Food Funct 2018; 9:4469-4479. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00194d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Daily consumption of one large egg for 12 weeks improves fasting blood glucose, ATP-binding cassette protein family A1, and apolipoprotein A1 in overweight or obese individuals with pre- and type II diabetes.
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13
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Martínez-Ramírez M, Flores-Castillo C, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Bautista-Pérez R, Carreón-Torres E, Fragoso JM, Rodriguez-Pérez JM, García-Arroyo FE, López-Olmos V, Luna-Luna M, Vargas-Alarcón G, Franco M, Pérez-Méndez O. Hyperuricemia is Associated with Increased Apo AI Fractional Catabolic Rates and Dysfunctional HDL in New Zealand Rabbits. Lipids 2017; 52:999-1006. [PMID: 28940111 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The potential cause-effect relationship between uric acid plasma concentrations and HDL functionality remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of oxonic acid (OA)-induced hyperuricemia on the HDL size distribution, lipid content of HDL subclasses, and apo AI turnover, as well as HDL functionality in New Zealand white rabbits. Experimental animals received OA 750 mg/kg/day by oral gavage during 21 days. The HDL-apo AI fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was determined by exogenous labeling with 125I, and HDL subclasses were determined by sequential ultracentrifugation and PAGE. Paraoxonase-1 activity (PON-1) and the effect of HDL on relaxation of aorta rings in vitro were determined as an indication of HDL functionality. Oxonic acid induced a sixfold increase of uricemia (0.84 ± 0.06 vs. 5.24 ± 0.12 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and significant decreases of triglycerides and phospholipids of HDL subclasses, whereas HDL size distribution and HDL-cholesterol remained unchanged. In addition, HDL-apo AI FCR was significantly higher in hyperuricemic rabbits than in the control group (0.03697 ± 0.0038 vs. 0.02605 ± 0.0017 h-1 respectively, P < 0.05). Such structural and metabolic changes were associated with lower levels of PON-1 activities and deleterious effects of HDL particles on endothelium-mediated vasodilation. In conclusion, hyperuricemia is associated with structural and metabolic modifications of HDL that result in impaired functionality of these lipoproteins. Our data strongly suggest that uric acid per se exerts deleterious effects on HDL that contribute to increase the risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Martínez-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal Flores-Castillo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rocío Bautista-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Rodriguez-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Victoria López-Olmos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Luna-Luna
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Franco
- Nephrology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Pérez-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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14
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Ananthakrishnan S, Kaysen GA. Treatment of Hyperlipidemia Changes With Level of Kidney Function-Rationale. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2016; 23:247-54. [PMID: 27324678 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein abnormalities such as low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and high triglycerides (TGs), associated with the metabolic syndrome, are also associated with subsequent decline in kidney function. Patients with end-stage kidney disease also exhibit low HDL and high TGs and a modest reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), although the mechanisms responsible for these changes differ when patients with end-stage kidney disease are compared with those having metabolic syndrome with normal kidney function, as do lipoprotein structures. Among dialysis patients, oxidized LDL, levels of TG-rich intermediate-density lipoprotein, and low HDL are associated with aortic pulsewave velocity and other markers of atherosclerosis. Statins are effective in reducing LDL and do decrease risk of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD not requiring dialysis but have no significant effect on outcomes, including all-cause mortality among dialysis patients. Similarly gemfibrozil and other fibrates lower TGs, increase HDL, and reduce cardiovascular events, but not mortality, among patients with CKD not requiring dialysis but have no significant effect on cardiovascular outcomes in dialysis patients. There is potential clinical benefit in treating elevated LDL, TGs, and low HDL in patients with CKD using statins or fibrates in those not yet requiring dialysis.
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15
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Vergès B, Adiels M, Boren J, Barrett PH, Watts GF, Chan D, Duvillard L, Söderlund S, Matikainen N, Kahri J, Lundbom N, Lundbom J, Hakkarainen A, Aho S, Simoneau-Robin I, Taskinen MR. ApoA-II HDL Catabolism and Its Relationships With the Kinetics of ApoA-I HDL and of VLDL1, in Abdominal Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1398-406. [PMID: 26835543 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the associations between apoA-II fractional catabolic rate (FCR) and the kinetics of VLDL subspecies and apoA-I and show that, in abdominally obese individuals, apoA-II FCR is positively and independently associated with both apoA-I FCR and VLDL1-TG indirect FCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vergès
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Adiels
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Boren
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Hugh Barrett
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dick Chan
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laurence Duvillard
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Söderlund
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Matikainen
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juhani Kahri
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Lundbom
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Serge Aho
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Isabelle Simoneau-Robin
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Departments of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V., I.S.-R.), Medical Biology (L.D.), and Statistics and Epidemiology (S.A.), University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre Recherche INSERM 866 (B.V., L.D.), 21079 Dijon, France; Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.A., J.B.) and Mathematical Sciences (M.A.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W., D.C.), Metabolic Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Heart and Lung Centre (S.S., N.M., M.-R.T.), Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Department of Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre (N.M.), Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.K.), and Department of Radiology (N.L., J.L., A.H.), Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Denimal D, Nguyen A, Pais de Barros JP, Bouillet B, Petit JM, Vergès B, Duvillard L. Major changes in the sphingophospholipidome of HDL in non-diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2016; 246:106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Adiels M, Mardinoglu A, Taskinen MR, Borén J. Kinetic Studies to Elucidate Impaired Metabolism of Triglyceride-rich Lipoproteins in Humans. Front Physiol 2015; 6:342. [PMID: 26635628 PMCID: PMC4653309 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop novel strategies for prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia, it is essential to understand the pathophysiology of dyslipoproteinemia in humans. Lipoprotein metabolism is a complex system in which abnormal concentrations of various lipoprotein particles can result from alterations in their rates of production, conversion, and/or catabolism. Traditional methods that measure plasma lipoprotein concentrations only provide static estimates of lipoprotein metabolism and hence limited mechanistic information. By contrast, the use of tracers labeled with stable isotopes and mathematical modeling, provides us with a powerful tool for probing lipid and lipoprotein kinetics in vivo and furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis of dyslipoproteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Adiels
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden ; Health Metrics Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden ; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs' Unit, Diabetes & Obesity, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Steinhardt MA, Brown SA, Dubois SK, Harrison L, Lehrer HM, Jaggars SS. A resilience intervention in African-American adults with type 2 diabetes. Am J Health Behav 2015; 39:507-18. [PMID: 26018099 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.39.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the feasibility and outcomes of a resilience-based diabetes self-management education (RB-DSME) program to improve psychological and physiological health in African-American adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS An experimental group (N = 32) received RB-DSME and a comparison group (N = 33) received standard DSME. Psychological and physiological measures were taken at baseline and 6 months. ANCOVAs assessed whether the experimental group improved its overall outcome relative to the comparison group, while controlling for baseline scores. RESULTS The experimental group's outcomes were significantly improved vis-à-vis the comparison group for diabetes knowledge, positive meaning, HDL cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS The RB-DSME shows feasibility and promise for enhancing health; a full-scale randomized trial is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon A Brown
- The University of Texas School of Nursing Family Wellness Center, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shanna S Jaggars
- Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Arnaboldi L, Corsini A. Could changes in adiponectin drive the effect of statins on the risk of new-onset diabetes? The case of pitavastatin. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2015; 16:1-27. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(14)70002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Vergès B, Duvillard L, Lagrost L, Vachoux C, Garret C, Bouyer K, Courtney M, Pomié C, Burcelin R. Changes in lipoprotein kinetics associated with type 2 diabetes affect the distribution of lipopolysaccharides among lipoproteins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1245-53. [PMID: 24694333 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are inflammatory components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and, in plasma, are mostly associated with lipoproteins. This association is thought to promote their catabolism while reducing their proinflammatory effects. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to determine the impact of lipoprotein kinetics on plasma LPS distribution and how it may affect patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN We performed a kinetic study in 30 individuals (16 T2DM patients, 14 controls) and analyzed the impact of changes in lipoprotein kinetics on LPS distribution among lipoproteins. RESULTS Plasma LPS levels in T2DM patients were not different from those in controls, but LPS distribution in the two groups was different. Patients with T2DM had higher LPS-very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL; 31% ± 7% vs 22% ± 11%, P = .002), LPS-high-density lipoprotein (HDL; 29% ± 9% vs 19% ± 10%, P = .015), free (nonlipoprotein bound) LPS (10% ± 4% vs 7% ± 4%, P = .043) and lower LPS-low-density lipoprotein (LDL; 30% ± 13% vs 52% ± 16%, P = .001). In multivariable analysis, VLDL-LPS was associated with HDL-LPS (P < .0001); LDL-LPS was associated with VLDL-LPS (P = .004), and VLDL apolipoprotein (apo) B100 catabolism (P = .002); HDL-LPS was associated with free LPS (P < .0001) and VLDL-LPS (P = .033); free LPS was associated with HDL-LPS (P < .0001). In a patient featuring a dramatic decrease in VLDL catabolism due to apoA-V mutation, LDL-LPS was severely decreased (0.044 EU/mL vs 0.788 EU/mL in controls). The difference between T2DM patients and controls for LDL-LPS fraction was no longer significant after controlling for VLDL apoB100 total fractional catabolic rate. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that in humans, free LPS transfers first to HDL and then to VLDL, whereas the LPS-bound LDL fraction is mainly derived from VLDL catabolism; the latter may hence represent a LPS catabolic pathway. T2DM patients show lower LDL-LPS secondary to reduced VLDL catabolism, which may represent an impaired catabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vergès
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V.), University-Hospital, and INSERM CRI 866 (B.V., L.D., L.L.), Medicine University, 21000 Dijon, France; INSERM Unité 1048 (C.V., C.G., C.P., R.B.), Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires de Rangueil (I2MC), 31432 Toulouse, France; and VAIOMER SAS (K.B., M.C.), 31670 Labège, France
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21
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Röhrl C, Eigner K, Winter K, Korbelius M, Obrowsky S, Kratky D, Kovacs WJ, Stangl H. Endoplasmic reticulum stress impairs cholesterol efflux and synthesis in hepatic cells. J Lipid Res 2013; 55:94-103. [PMID: 24179149 PMCID: PMC3927476 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m043299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes cause hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which affects neutral lipid metabolism. However, the role of ER stress in cholesterol metabolism is incompletely understood. Here, we show that induction of acute ER stress in human hepatic HepG2 cells reduced ABCA1 expression and caused ABCA1 redistribution to tubular perinuclear compartments. Consequently, cholesterol efflux to apoA-I, a key step in nascent HDL formation, was diminished by 80%. Besides ABCA1, endogenous apoA-I expression was reduced upon ER stress induction, which contributed to reduced cholesterol efflux. Liver X receptor, a key regulator of ABCA1 in peripheral cells, was not involved in this process. Despite reduced cholesterol efflux, cellular cholesterol levels remained unchanged during ER stress. This was due to impaired de novo cholesterol synthesis by reduction of HMG-CoA reductase activity by 70%, although sterol response element-binding protein-2 activity was induced. In mice, ER stress induction led to a marked reduction of hepatic ABCA1 expression. However, HDL cholesterol levels were unaltered, presumably because of scavenger receptor class B, type I downregulation under ER stress. Taken together, our data suggest that ER stress in metabolic disorders reduces HDL biogenesis due to impaired hepatic ABCA1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Röhrl
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Duvillard L, Florentin E, Pont F, Petit JM, Baillot-Rudoni S, Penfornis A, Vergès B. Chronic Hyperinsulinemia Does Not Increase the Production Rate of High-Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein AI. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2460-5. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
In vitro studies showed that insulin stimulates the production of apolipoprotein AI (apoAI). Thus, we hypothesized that chronic hyperinsulinemia could contribute to the increase in the production of high-density lipoprotein apoAI that is observed in metabolic syndrome.
Approach and Results—
We performed an in vivo kinetic study with stable isotope in 7 patients with insulinoma who showed hyperinsulinemia but no insulin resistance, 8 patients with insulin resistance, and 16 controls. Insulinemia was 3.1× (
P
<0.01) higher in patients with insulinoma or insulin resistance than in controls in the fasting state and, respectively, 3.5× and 2.6× (
P
<0.05) higher in the fed state. The high-density lipoprotein apoAI pool size was smaller in patients with insulin resistance than in controls (49.3±5.4 versus 59.6±7.7 mg·kg
−1
;
P
<0.01), whereas both the high-density lipoprotein apoAI fractional catabolic rate and the high-density lipoprotein apoAI production rate were higher (0.30±0.07 versus 0.20±0.04 pool·d
−1
;
P
<0.0001 and 14.6±1.5 versus 11.5±1.9 mg·kg
−1
·d
−1
;
P
<0.01, respectively). In contrast, no significant difference was observed for these parameters between patients with insulinoma and controls. In patients with insulinoma, the apoAI pool size tended to be greater than in patients with insulin resistance (56.3±8.6 versus 49.3±5.4 mg·kg
−1
;
P
=0.078), whereas both the apoAI fractional catabolic rate and the production rate were lower (0.20±0.06 versus 0.30±0.07 pool·d
−1
;
P
<0.01 and 11.1±1.6 versus 14.6±1.5 mg·kg
−1
·d
−1
;
P
<0.01, respectively). The apoAI fractional catabolic rate was the only variable associated with the apoAI production rate in multivariate analysis and explained 80% of its variance.
Conclusions—
Chronic endogenous hyperinsulinemia does not induce any increase in the apoAI production rate, which seems to be more dependent on the apoAI fractional catabolic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Duvillard
- From the Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U866-Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France (L.D., E.F., F.P., J.-M.P., B.V.); Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, CHU, Dijon, France (L.D., E.F.); Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU, Dijon, France (J.-M.P. S.B.-R., B.V.); and Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU, Besançon, France (A.P.)
| | - Emmanuel Florentin
- From the Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U866-Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France (L.D., E.F., F.P., J.-M.P., B.V.); Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, CHU, Dijon, France (L.D., E.F.); Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU, Dijon, France (J.-M.P. S.B.-R., B.V.); and Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU, Besançon, France (A.P.)
| | - Frédéric Pont
- From the Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U866-Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France (L.D., E.F., F.P., J.-M.P., B.V.); Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, CHU, Dijon, France (L.D., E.F.); Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU, Dijon, France (J.-M.P. S.B.-R., B.V.); and Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU, Besançon, France (A.P.)
| | - Jean-Michel Petit
- From the Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U866-Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France (L.D., E.F., F.P., J.-M.P., B.V.); Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, CHU, Dijon, France (L.D., E.F.); Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU, Dijon, France (J.-M.P. S.B.-R., B.V.); and Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU, Besançon, France (A.P.)
| | - Sabine Baillot-Rudoni
- From the Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U866-Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France (L.D., E.F., F.P., J.-M.P., B.V.); Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, CHU, Dijon, France (L.D., E.F.); Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU, Dijon, France (J.-M.P. S.B.-R., B.V.); and Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU, Besançon, France (A.P.)
| | - Alfred Penfornis
- From the Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U866-Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France (L.D., E.F., F.P., J.-M.P., B.V.); Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, CHU, Dijon, France (L.D., E.F.); Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU, Dijon, France (J.-M.P. S.B.-R., B.V.); and Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU, Besançon, France (A.P.)
| | - Bruno Vergès
- From the Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U866-Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France (L.D., E.F., F.P., J.-M.P., B.V.); Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, CHU, Dijon, France (L.D., E.F.); Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU, Dijon, France (J.-M.P. S.B.-R., B.V.); and Service d’Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU, Besançon, France (A.P.)
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Richard C, Couture P, Desroches S, Lichtenstein AH, Lamarche B. Effect of an isoenergetic traditional Mediterranean diet on apolipoprotein A-I kinetic in men with metabolic syndrome. Nutr J 2013; 12:76. [PMID: 24499022 PMCID: PMC3679868 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) kinetics has not been studied to date. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of the MedDiet in the absence of changes in body weight on apolipoprotein (apo) A-I kinetic in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods Twenty-six men with MetS (NCEP-ATP III) were recruited from the general community. In this fixed sequence study, participants’ diet was first standardized to a control diet reflecting current averages in macronutrient intake in North American men, with all foods and beverages provided under isoenergetic conditions for 5 weeks. Participants were then fed an isoenergetic MedDiet over a subsequent period of 5 weeks to maintain their weight constant. During the last week of each diet, participants received a single bolus dose of [5,5,5-2H3] L-leucine and fasting blood samples were collected at predetermined time points. ApoA-I kinetic was determined by multicompartmental modeling using isotopic enrichment data over time. Data were analyses using MIXED models. Results The response of HDL-cholesterol (C) to MedDiet was heterogeneous, such that there was no mean change compared with the control diet. Plasma apoA-I concentration (−3.9%) and pool size (−5.3%, both P < 0.05) were significantly lower after MedDiet and apoA-I production rate tended to be reduced (−5.7%, P = 0.07) with no change in apoA-I fractional catabolic rate (FCR, -1.6%, P = 0.64). Participants among whom HDL-C concentrations were increased with MedDiet (responders: mean ∆HDL-C: +9.9 ± 3.2%, N = 11) showed significantly greater reductions in apoA-I FCR and in apoB and very-low-density lipoprotein-triglycerides (VLDL-TG) concentrations (all P < 0.04) than those among whom HDL-C levels were reduced after the MedDiet (non-responders: mean ∆HDL-C: -12.0 ± 3.9%, N = 8). Correlation analysis revealed that only variations in apoA-I FCR (r = -0.48, P = 0.01) and in plasma VLDL-TG (r = −0.45, P = 0.03) concentrations were correlated with the individual HDL-C response to the MedDiet. Conclusions Data from this controlled feeding study suggest that the heterogeneous response of HDL-C to MedDiet, in the absence of important weight loss, is primarily related to individual variations in apoA-I FCR and in plasma VLDL-TG concentrations. Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov registration number: NCT00988650
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440, boul, Hochelaga, Québec (Qc), G1V 0A6, Canada.
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24
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Comparison of Serum Apolipoprotein Levels of Diabetic Children and Healthy Children with or without Diabetic Parents. CHOLESTEROL 2012; 2012:490381. [PMID: 22811893 PMCID: PMC3395115 DOI: 10.1155/2012/490381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. The association of diabetes and atherosclerosis with disorders of lipids and lipoproteins, notably high apolipoprotein B (apoB) and low apolipoprotein A1(apoA1) is well established. Because of the beginning of the atherosclerosis' process from early life, in this study, the plasma levels of apoA1 and apoB were compared in diabetic children with type I diabetes mellitus(DM), healthy children with diabetic parents (HDPs),and healthy children with nondiabetic parents (HNDPs). Methods. This case-control study was conducted among 90 children aged 9-18 years. Serum levels of apoA and apoB were compared among 30 diabetic children (DM), 30 healthy children with diabetic parents (HDPs), and 30 healthy children with nondiabetic parents (HNDP). Results. The mean serum apoA1 was higher in DM (153 ± 69 mg/dL) followed by HNDPs (138 ± 58 mg/dL) and HDPs (128 ± 56 mg/dl), but the difference was not statistically significant. The mean apoB value in HNDPs was significantly lower than DM and HDPs (90 ± 21 mg/dL versus 127 ± 47 and 128 ± 38 mg/dL, P < 0.05, respectively). The mean apoB levels in DM (127 ± 47 mg/dl) and HDP (128 ± 38 mg/dL) were not statistically significantly different (P > 0.05). Conclusions. Diabetic children and healthy children with diabetic parent(s) are at higher risk of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Thus for primordial and primary prevention of atherosclerosis, we suggest screening these children for low plasma apoA1 and high plasma apoB levels.
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Abstract
A low plasma level of HDL cholesterol is an atherosclerotic risk factor; however, emerging evidence suggests that low HDL levels might also contribute to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through direct effects on plasma glucose. In the past decade, animal and clinical studies have uncovered a previously undescribed spectrum of HDL actions, indicating that HDL may control glucose homeostasis through mechanisms including insulin secretion, direct glucose uptake by muscle via the AMP-activated protein kinase, and possibly enhanced insulin sensitivity. These effects are mediated by multiple cell types via mechanisms including preservation of cell function through cellular lipid removal and also via direct signaling events. We suggest a paradigm shift from HDL being a bystander to being an active player in diabetic pathophysiology, which raises the possibility that HDL elevation could be a novel therapeutic avenue for T2DM. The entry of HDL-raising agents of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor class into late-phase clinical trials creates potential for rapid clinical translation. This Review will discuss the emerging evidence for a role of HDL-mediated glucose regulation in the pathophysiology of T2DM, and will also outline the therapeutic potential for HDL elevation for the prevention and management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Drew
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, St Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, VIC 8008, Australia
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Vergès B, Duvillard L, Brindisi MC, Gautier E, Krempf M, Costet P, Cariou B. Lack of association between plasma PCSK9 and LDL-apoB100 catabolism in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:342-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A 1 ratio in relation to metabolic syndrome and its components in a sample of the Tunisian population. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 91:622-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chan DC, Watts GF. Dyslipidaemia in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: pathogenesis, priorities, pharmacotherapies. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 12:13-30. [PMID: 20629587 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2010.502529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Dyslipoproteinaemia is a cardinal feature of the metabolic syndrome that accelerates atherosclerosis. It is usually characterized by high plasma concentrations of triglyceride-rich and apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins, with depressed concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Drug interventions are essential for normalizing metabolic dyslipidaemia. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review discusses the mechanisms and treatment for dyslipidaemia in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of dyslipidaemia in the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Dysregulation of lipoprotein metabolism may be due to a combination of overproduction of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, decreased catabolism of apoB-containing particles, and increased catabolism of HDL particles. These abnormalities may be consequent on a global metabolic effect of insulin resistance and an excess of both visceral and hepatic fat. Lifestyle modifications may favourably alter lipoprotein transport in the metabolic syndrome. Patients with dyslipidaemia and established cardiovascular disease should receive a statin as first-line therapy. Combination with other lipid-regulating agents, such as ezetimibe, fibrates, niacins and fish oils may optimize the benefit of statin on atherogenic dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick C Chan
- University of Western Australia, Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia.
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Duvillard L, Dautin G, Florentin E, Jeannin A, Pais de Barros JP, Lagrost L, Petit JM, Gambert P, Vergès B. Increased apolipoprotein AI production rate and redistribution of high-density lipoprotein size induced by estrogen plus progestin as oral contraceptive. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:4891-7. [PMID: 19858317 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The impact of estrogen plus progestin as an oral contraceptive on high density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoprotein (apo) AI metabolism in humans is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to measure the in vivo effect of Moneva (30 microg ethinylestradiol, 75 microg gestodene) on HDL apoAI production rate and fractional catabolic rate. DESIGN Using (13)C-leucine, we performed two kinetic studies in the fed state in 10 normolipidemic young women, before and 3 months after beginning Moneva. RESULTS On Moneva, serum triglycerides increased by 12% (P = 0.03) in the fed state, whereas low-density lipoprotein and HDL cholesterol remained unchanged. HDL apoAI pool size and production rate were increased by 9.2% (67.3 +/- 7.1 vs. 61.6 +/- 6.7 mg x kg(-1); P = 0.05) and 26.5% (14.3 +/- 2.7 vs. 11.3 +/- 2.2 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1); P = 0.02), respectively. HDL apoAI fractional catabolic rate was not significantly modified. Three-month treatment by Moneva induced a shift of HDL size distribution from HDL2 toward HDL3 (HDL3 = 51.5 +/- 8.1 vs. 46.5 +/- 9.2% of total HDL; P = 0.02) and an increase in the proportion of apoAI among HDL components (38.8 +/- 4.3 vs. 34.4 +/- 2.8%; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Oral contraception by estrogen plus progestin induces changes in HDL apoAI metabolism characterized by an increase in production rate and pool size, with a higher proportion of HDL3 particles. Whether or not these changes are beneficial to prevent atherosclerosis has to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Duvillard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 866-Université de Bourgogne, Faculté de Médecine, Dijon F-21000, France.
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Therapeutic regulation of apoB100 metabolism in insulin resistance in vivo. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 123:281-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chan DC, Barrett PHR, Ooi EMM, Ji J, Chan DT, Watts GF. Very low density lipoprotein metabolism and plasma adiponectin as predictors of high-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein A-I kinetics in obese and nonobese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:989-97. [PMID: 19116237 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypercatabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoprotein (apo) A-I results in low plasma apoA-I concentration. The mechanisms regulating apoA-I catabolism may relate to alterations in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) metabolism and plasma adiponectin and serum amyloid A protein (SAA) concentrations. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations between the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of HDL-apoA-I and VLDL kinetics, plasma adiponectin, and SAA concentrations. STUDY DESIGN The kinetics of HDL-apoA-I and VLDL-apoB were measured in 50 obese and 37 nonobese men using stable isotopic techniques. RESULTS In the obese group, HDL-apoA-I FCR was positively correlated with insulin, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score, triglycerides, VLDL-apoB, and VLDL-apoB production rate (PR). In the nonobese group, HDL-apoA-I FCR was positively correlated with triglycerides, apoC-III, VLDL-apoB, and VLDL-apoB PR and negatively correlated with plasma adiponectin. Plasma SAA was not associated with HDL-apoA-I FCR in either group. In multiple regression analyses, VLDL-apoB PR and HOMA-IR score, and VLDL-apoB PR and adiponectin were independently predictive of HDL-apoA-I FCR in the obese and nonobese groups, respectively. HDL-apoA-I FCR was positively and strongly associated with HDL-apoA-I PR in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Variation in VLDL-apoB production, and hence plasma triglyceride concentrations, exerts a major effect on the catabolism of HDL-apoA-I. Insulin resistance and adiponectin may also contribute to the variation in HDL-apoA-I catabolism in obese and nonobese subjects, respectively. We also hypothesize that apoA-I PR determines a steady-state, lowered plasma of apoA-I, which may reflect a compensatory response to a primary defect in the catabolism of HDL-apoA-I due to altered VLDL metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick C Chan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia
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Vergès B, Florentin E, Baillot-Rudoni S, Petit JM, Brindisi MC, Pais de Barros JP, Lagrost L, Gambert P, Duvillard L. Rosuvastatin 20 mg restores normal HDL-apoA-I kinetics in type 2 diabetes. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:1209-15. [PMID: 19168444 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p800040-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Catabolism of HDL particles is accelerated in type 2 diabetes, leading to a reduction in plasma residence time, which may be detrimental. Rosuvastatin is the most powerful statin to reduce LDL-cholesterol, but its effects on HDL metabolism in type 2 diabetes remain unknown. We performed a randomized double-blind cross-over trial of 6-week treatment period with placebo or rosuvastatin 20 mg in eight patients with type 2 diabetes. An in vivo kinetic study of HDL-apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with (13)C leucine was performed at the end of each treatment period. Moreover, a similar kinetic study was carried out in eight nondiabetic normolipidemic controls. Rosuvastatin significantly reduced plasma LDL-cholesterol (-51%), triglycerides (TGs) (-38%), and HDL-TG (-23%). HDL-apoA-I fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was decreased by rosuvastatin (0.25 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.32 +/- 0.07 pool/day, P = 0.011), leading to an increase in plasma HDL-apoA-I residence time (4.21 +/- 1.02 vs. 3.30 +/- 0.73 day, P = 0.011). Treatment with rosuvastatin was associated with a concomitant reduction of HDL-apoA-I production rate. The decrease in HDL-apoA-I FCR, induced by rosuvastatin, was correlated with the reduction of plasma TGs and HDL-TG. HDL apoA-I FCR and production rate values in diabetic patients on rosuvastatin were not different from those found in controls. Rosuvastatin is responsible for a 22% reduction of HDL-apoA-I FCR and restores to normal the increased HDL turnover observed in type 2 diabetes. These kinetic modifications may have beneficial effects by increasing HDL plasma residence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vergès
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, 21033 Dijon, France.
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Bonora E, Capaldo B, Perin PC, Del Prato S, De Mattia G, Frittitta L, Frontoni S, Leonetti F, Luzi L, Marchesini G, Marini MA, Natali A, Paolisso G, Piatti PM, Pujia A, Solini A, Vettor R, Bonadonna RC. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are independently associated with plasma lipids, uric acid and blood pressure in non-diabetic subjects. The GISIR database. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18:624-631. [PMID: 18060751 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We evaluated whether hyperinsulinemia and/or insulin resistance are independently associated with plasma lipids, uric acid and blood pressure in non-diabetic subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS A database of non-diabetic Italian subjects has recently been set up using data from hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies carried out using the standard technique (40 mU per min per square meter of body surface area). In this database we evaluated the relationships between fasting plasma insulin (FPI), glucose metabolized during clamp (M) and plasma levels of triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid (UA) as well as blood pressure (BP) in non-diabetic subjects with fasting plasma glucose <6.1 mmol/l. Parallel analyses were conducted in all subjects in the database (n=1093) and in those with all variables available (n=309). In the univariate analysis both FPI and M were significantly correlated with TG, HDL-C, UA and BP (systolic, diastolic and mean). Multivariate regression analyses including center, sex, age, body mass index (BMI), FPI and M as independent variables showed that: (1) TG and UA were positively correlated with FPI and negatively correlated with M; (2) HDL-C was negatively correlated with FPI and positively correlated with M; and (3) BP was negatively correlated with both FPI and M. Analyses of covariance showed that, after adjusting for center, sex, age and BMI, subjects with isolated hyperinsulinemia or isolated insulin resistance had higher TG and UA and lower HDL-C. Subjects with isolated insulin resistance had also higher BP whereas subjects with isolated hyperinsulinemia had lower BP. Subjects with both defects had a worse profile. CONCLUSIONS Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance might contribute with distinct and independent mechanisms to the development of several metabolic and hemodynamic disorders often clustering in the same individual. In particular, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol and hyperuricemia seem to be related to both hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, whereas hypertension seems to be related only to insulin resistance.
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Vergès B, Florentin E, Baillot-Rudoni S, Monier S, Petit JM, Rageot D, Gambert P, Duvillard L. Effects of 20 mg rosuvastatin on VLDL1-, VLDL2-, IDL- and LDL-ApoB kinetics in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2008; 51:1382-90. [PMID: 18535816 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In addition to its efficacy in reducing LDL-cholesterol, rosuvastatin has been shown to significantly decrease plasma triacylglycerol. The use of rosuvastatin may be beneficial in patients with type 2 diabetes, who usually have increased triacylglycerol levels. However, its effects on the metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in type 2 diabetic patients remains unknown. METHODS We performed a randomised double-blind crossover trial of 6-week treatment with placebo or rosuvastatin 20 mg in eight patients with type 2 diabetes who were being treated with oral glucose-lowering agents. In each patient, an in vivo kinetic study of apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-containing lipoproteins with [13C]leucine was performed at the end of each treatment period. A central randomisation centre used computer-generated tables to allocate treatments. Participants, caregivers and those assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment. RESULTS Rosuvastatin 20 mg significantly reduced plasma LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and total ApoB. It also significantly reduced ApoB pool sizes of larger triacylglycerol-rich VLDL particles (VLDL1; p = 0.011), smaller VLDL particles (VLDL2; p = 0.011), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL; p = 0.011) and LDL (p = 0.011). This reduction was associated with a significant increase in the total fractional catabolic rate of VLDL1-ApoB (6.70 +/- 3.24 vs 4.52 +/- 2.34 pool/day, p = 0.049), VLDL2-ApoB (8.72 +/- 3.37 vs 5.36 +/- 2.64, p = 0.011), IDL-ApoB (7.06 +/- 1.68 vs 4.21 +/- 1.51, p = 0.011) and LDL-ApoB (1.02 +/- 0.27 vs 0.59 +/- 0.13, p = 0.011). Rosuvastatin did not change the production rates of VLDL2-, IDL- or LDL-, but did reduce VLDL1-ApoB production rate (12.4 +/- 4.5 vs 19.5 +/- 8.4 mg kg(-1) day(-1), p = 0.035). No side effects of rosuvastatin were observed during the study. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In type 2 diabetic patients rosuvastatin 20 mg not only induces a significant increase of LDL-ApoB catabolism (73%), but also has favourable effects on the catabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins, e.g. a significant increase in the catabolism of VLDL1-ApoB (48%), VLDL2-ApoB (63%) and IDL-ApoB (68%), and a reduction in the production rate of VLDL1-ApoB (-36%). The effects of rosuvastatin on the metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins may be beneficial for prevention of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vergès
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies métaboliques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon, BP 77908, 21079, France.
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37
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Duvillard L, Florentin E, Baillot-Rudoni S, Lalanne-Mistrich ML, Brun-Pacaud A, Petit JM, Brun JM, Gambert P, Vergès B. No change in apolipoprotein AI metabolism when subcutaneous insulin infusion is replaced by intraperitoneal insulin infusion in type 1 diabetic patients. Atherosclerosis 2007; 194:342-7. [PMID: 17141785 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In type 1 diabetic patients, the replacement of subcutaneous insulin infusion by intraperitoneal insulin infusion restores the normal physiological gradient between the portal vein and the peripheral circulation, which is likely to modify HDL metabolism. This stable isotope kinetic study was designed to compare HDL apolipoprotein (apo) AI metabolism in seven type 1 diabetic patients first treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion by an external pump and then 3 months after the beginning of intraperitoneal insulin infusion by an implantable pump. Glycaemic control was comparable under subcutaneous and intraperitoneal insulin infusion (HbA1c=7.34+/-0.94% versus 7.24+/-1.00%, NS). HDL composition was similar under both insulin regimens (esterified cholesterol=20.1+/-2.5% versus 24.0+/-3.0% (NS), free cholesterol=3.4+/-1.1% versus 3.3+/-0.9% (NS), triglycerides=2.4+/-0.9% versus 2.1+/-0.9% (NS), phospholipids=22.7+/-5.3% versus 25.2+/-6.5% (NS) and proteins=51.2+/-6.3% versus 45.5+/-4.7% (NS)). The replacement of subcutaneous insulin infusion by intraperitoneal insulin infusion induced significant changes neither in apoAI fractional catabolic rate, nor in apoAI production rate, nor in apoAI pool size (respectively, 0.199+/-0.051 pool d(-1) versus 0.211+/-0.017 pool d(-1), 12.0+/-3.2 mg kg(-1)d(-1) versus 12.1+/-1.8 mg kg(-1)d(-1), 60.4+/-5.0 mg kg(-1) versus 57.5+/-7.5 mg kg(-1)). In conclusion, HDL metabolism is not modified by the replacement of subcutaneous insulin infusion by intraperitoneal insulin infusion when glycaemia is well controlled under both insulin regimens. As far as HDL metabolism is concerned there is no advantage in favour of one way of insulin administration or another.
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Ooi EMM, Watts GF, Farvid MS, Chan DC, Allen MC, Zilko SR, Barrett PHR. High-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein A-I kinetics: comparison of radioactive and stable isotope studies. Eur J Clin Invest 2006; 36:626-32. [PMID: 16919045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To compare the kinetic determinants of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) concentration in lean normolipidaemic subjects using radioisotope and stable isotope studies. We pooled data from 16 radioisotope and 13 stable isotope studies to investigate the kinetics of apoA-I in lean normolipidemic individuals. We also examined the associations of HDL kinetic parameters with age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and concentrations of apoA-I, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Lean subjects from radioisotope and stable isotope studies were matched for age, gender, BMI and lipid profile. The apoA-I concentration was significantly lower in the radioisotope group than the stable isotope group (P = 0.031). There was no significant difference in HDL apoA-I fractional catabolic rate (FCR) and production rate (PR) between the groups. In the radioisotope group, HDL apoA-I FCR was significantly associated with apoA-I and HDL cholesterol concentrations (r = -0.681, P < 0.001 and r = -0.542, P < 0.001, respectively), whereas in the stable isotope group, only HDL apoA-I PR was significantly associated with apoA-I concentration (r = 0.455, P = 0.004). Our findings suggest that HDL apoA-I FCR is the primary determinant of apoA-I concentrations in lean subjects in studies using radiotracer techniques. By contrast, HDL apoA-I PR is the primary determinant of apoA-I concentration in lean subject in studies employing stable isotope methods. These discrepancies may be reconciled by differences in methodologies and/or study population characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M M Ooi
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
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Ramakrishnan R. Studying apolipoprotein turnover with stable isotope tracers: correct analysis is by modeling enrichments. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:2738-53. [PMID: 16951401 PMCID: PMC3276318 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600302-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein kinetic parameters are determined from mass spectrometry data after administering mass isotopes of amino acids, which label proteins endogenously. The standard procedure is to model the isotopic content of the labeled precursor amino acid and of proteins of interest as tracer-to-tracee ratio (TTR). It is shown here that even though the administered tracer alters amino acid mass and turnover, apolipoprotein synthesis is unaltered and hence the apolipoprotein system is in a steady state, with the total (labeled plus unlabeled) masses and fluxes remaining constant. The correct model formulation for apolipoprotein kinetics is shown to be in terms of tracer enrichment, not of TTR. The needed mathematical equations are derived. A theoretical error analysis is carried out to calculate the magnitude of error in published results using TTR modeling. It is shown that TTR modeling leads to a consistent underestimation of the fractional synthetic rate. In constant-infusion studies, the bias error percent is shown to equal approximately the plateau enrichment, generally <10%. It is shown that, in bolus studies, the underestimation error can be larger. Thus, for mass isotope studies with endogenous tracers, apolipoproteins are in a steady state and the data should be fitted by modeling enrichments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW One of the major mechanisms whereby HDL particles are felt to protect against atherosclerosis is that of reverse cholesterol transport from atherosclerotic lesion macrophages to the liver, with subsequent excretion of cholesterol in the bile. This review focuses on recent progress in our understanding of reverse cholesterol transport and the factors that determine plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations. RECENT FINDINGS The liver and intestine are the major sites of apolipoprotein A-I synthesis and nascent HDL particle secretion. The liver has recently been shown to be a major contributor to the plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration, but the precise site or mechanism whereby hepatically-synthesized HDL acquire the bulk of their lipid content remains to be determined. Contrastingly, macrophages contribute little to the plasma HDL cholesterol pool, whereas the quantitatively small macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport contributes disproportionately to protection against atherosclerosis. Studies have highlighted the coordinate action of cell surface lipid transporters, cholesterol esterification enzymes and lipid transfer factors in the early steps of reverse cholesterol transport and the recycling of pre-beta HDL particles to create a ready supply of cholesterol acceptor HDL particles. Most of the variation in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels in human populations is accounted for by variations in HDL clearance rather than production. SUMMARY Our understanding of the in-vivo metabolism of HDL particles and their role in reverse cholesterol transport is rapidly evolving, with long-standing concepts being constantly challenged by emerging evidence. An in-depth understanding of HDL metabolism will guide the rational design of novel pharmacological therapies that effectively protect against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary F Lewis
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Rashid S, Patterson BW, Lewis GF. Thematic review series: patient-oriented research. What have we learned about HDL metabolism from kinetics studies in humans? J Lipid Res 2006; 47:1631-42. [PMID: 16685079 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r600008-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma measurements of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins provide information on the static levels of these fractions without providing key information on the dynamic fluxes of lipoproteins in the circulation. Kinetics studies, in contrast, provide additional information on the production and clearance rates of lipoproteins and the flow of lipids and apolipoproteins through lipoprotein fractions. This information is crucial in accurately delineating the metabolism of HDL in plasma, because plasma concentrations of HDL are the net result of the de novo production and catabolism of HDL as well as the recycling of HDL particles and the contribution to HDL from components of other lipoproteins. Studies aimed at measuring the metabolism of HDL particles have shown that HDL metabolism in vivo is complex and consists of multiple components. Kinetics studies provide a window into the metabolism of HDL, allowing us to better understand the mechanisms of HDL decrease in human conditions and the functionality of HDL particles. Here, we review the progress in our understanding of HDL metabolism derived from in vivo kinetics studies, focusing primarily on studies in humans but also reviewing key studies in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirya Rashid
- Department of Cardiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Vergès B, Petit JM, Duvillard L, Dautin G, Florentin E, Galland F, Gambert P. Adiponectin is an important determinant of apoA-I catabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:1364-9. [PMID: 16574896 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000219611.50066.bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma concentration of adiponectin is positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level. However, the role of adiponectin on HDL metabolism remains unknown. This prompted us to perform an in vivo kinetic study of apoA-I, the main apolipoprotein of HDL, using stable isotopes, in 22 subjects with a wide range of plasma adiponectin, including 11 patients with metabolic syndrome (8 with type 2 diabetes, 3 without type 2 diabetes) and 11 normal individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS In the 22 studied subjects, plasma adiponectin levels ranged from 2.57 to 14.44 microg/mL and apoA-I fractional catabolic rate (FCR) values ranged from 0.142 to 0.340 day(-1). A strong negative correlation was found between adiponectin and apoA-I FCR (r=-0.66, P<0.001) in the whole studied population and, to a similar extent, in patients with metabolic syndrome (r=-0.73, P=0.010) and normal subjects (r=-0.68, P=0.020), separately. In multivariable analysis, apoA-I FCR was associated negatively with adiponectin (P=0.005) and positively with HDL triglycerides/cholesterol ratio (P=0.006), but not with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, plasma triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, fasting glycemia, and QUICKI. Both adiponectin and HDL triglycerides/cholesterol ratio explained 62% of the variance of apoA-I FCR and adiponectin on its own explained 43%. CONCLUSIONS Our kinetic study shows a strong negative correlation between adiponectin and apoA-I FCR, which can explain the positive link between HDL cholesterol and adiponectin. This association is independent of obesity, insulin resistance, and the content of triglycerides within HDL particles. These data suggest that adiponectin may have a direct role on HDL catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vergès
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dyslipoproteinemia is a cardinal feature of the metabolic syndrome that accelerates atherosclerosis. Recent in-vivo kinetic studies of dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome are reviewed here. RECENT FINDINGS The dysregulation of lipoprotein metabolism may be caused by a combination of overproduction of VLDL apolipoprotein B-100, decreased catabolism of apolipoprotein B-containing particles, and increased catabolism of HDL apolipoprotein A-I particles. Nutritional modifications and increased physical exercise may favourably alter lipoprotein transport by collectively decreasing the hepatic secretion of VLDL apolipoprotein B and the catabolism of HDL apolipoprotein A-I, as well as by increasing the clearance of LDL apolipoprotein B. Conventional and new pharmacological treatments, such as statins, fibrates and cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors, can also correct dyslipidemia by several mechanisms, including decreased secretion and increased catabolism of apolipoprotein B, as well as increased secretion and decreased catabolism of apolipoprotein A-I. SUMMARY Kinetic studies provide a mechanistic insight into the dysregulation and therapy of lipid and lipoprotein disorders. Future research mandates the development of new tracer methodologies with practicable in-vivo protocols for investigating fatty acid turnover, macrophage reverse cholesterol transport, cholesterol transport in plasma, corporeal cholesterol balance, and the turnover of several subpopulations of HDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick C Chan
- Lipoprotein Research Unit, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Lind L, Vessby B, Sundström J. The Apolipoprotein B/AI Ratio and the Metabolic Syndrome Independently Predict Risk for Myocardial Infarction in Middle-Aged Men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:406-10. [PMID: 16306426 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000197827.12431.d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both the metabolic syndrome and an increased apolipoprotein B/AI (apoB/AI) ratio are powerful risk factors for cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that the apoB/AI ratio well-characterizes the dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome and investigated those relations and if the apoB/AI ratio and the metabolic syndrome independently predicted subsequent myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS A community-based sample of 1826 men aged 50 was investigated at baseline and again at age 70. ApoB/AI ratio and the metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program definition) were evaluated, and the incidence of fatal and nonfatal MI was followed for a median of 26.8 years from the age 50 baseline. ApoB/AI ratio was significantly higher in men with versus without the metabolic syndrome (P<0.0001), and increased with the number of components defining the syndrome (P<0.0001). ApoB/AI ratio was inversely related to euglycemic insulin clamp glucose disposal rate at age 70 (r=-0.34, P<0.0001). During follow-up from age 50, 462 subjects developed an MI. An apoB/AI ratio > or =0.9 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.91) and presence of the metabolic syndrome (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.21) at baseline were independent predictors for MI, adjusting for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and smoking. CONCLUSIONS The apoB/AI ratio was related to the metabolic syndrome, as well as to a direct measurement of insulin resistance. Despite this, the apoB/AI ratio and the metabolic syndrome were both independent long-term predictors of MI in a community-based sample of middle-aged men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Vergès B. New insight into the pathophysiology of lipid abnormalities in type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2006; 31:429-39. [PMID: 16357786 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Lipid abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes are likely to play an important role in the development of atherogenesis. These lipid disorders include not only quantitative but also qualitative abnormalities of lipoproteins which are potentially atherogenic. The main quantitative abnormalities are increased triglyceride levels, related to an augmented hepatic production of VLDL and a reduction of both VLDL and IDL catabolism, and decreased HDL-Cholesterol levels due to an accelerated HDL catabolism. The main qualitative abnormalities include large VLDL particles (VLDL1), relatively rich in triglycerides, small dense LDL particles, increase in triglyceride content of LDL and HDL, glycation of apolipoproteins and increased susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. Moreover, although plasma LDL-cholesterol level is usually normal in type 2 diabetic patients, LDL particles show significant kinetic abnormalities, such as reduced turn-over, which is potentially harmful. The pathophysiology of lipid abnormalities in type 2 diabetes is not yet totally explained. However, insulin resistance and the "relative" insulin deficiency, observed in patients with type 2 diabetes, are likely to play a crucial role since insulin has an important function in the regulation of lipid metabolism. In addition, it is not excluded that adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, could play a role in the pathophysiology of lipid abnormalities in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vergès
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, University Hospital, Dijon, France.
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Ooi EMM, Watts GF, Farvid MS, Chan DC, Allen MC, Zilko SR, Barrett PHR. High-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein A-I kinetics in obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 13:1008-16. [PMID: 15976143 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) are independent predictors of coronary artery disease and are often associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. However, the underlying kinetic determinants of HDL metabolism are not well understood. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES We pooled data from 13 stable isotope studies to investigate the kinetic determinants of apoA-I concentrations in lean and overweight-obese individuals. We also examined the associations of HDL kinetics with age, sex, BMI, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment score, and concentrations of apoA-I, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. RESULTS Compared with lean individuals, overweight-obese individuals had significantly higher HDL apoA-I fractional catabolic rate (0.21+/-0.01 vs. 0.33+/-0.01 pools/d; p<0.001) and production rate (PR; 11.3+/-4.4 vs. 15.8+/-2.77 mg/kg per day; p=0.001). In the lean group, HDL apoA-I PR was significantly associated with apoA-I concentration (r=0.455, p=0.004), whereas in the overweight-obese group, both HDL apoA-I fractional catabolic rate (r=-0.396, p=0.050) and HDL apoA-I PR (r=0.399, p=0.048) were significantly associated with apoA-I concentration. After adjustment for fasting insulin or Homeostasis Model Assessment score, HDL apoA-I PR was an independent predictor of apoA-I concentration. DISCUSSION In overweight-obese subjects, hypercatabolism of apoA-I is paralleled by an increased production of apoA-I, with HDL apoA-I PR being the stronger determinant of apoA-I concentration. This could have therapeutic implications for the management of dyslipidemia in individuals with low plasma HDL-cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M M Ooi
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, GPO Box X2213, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia
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Blackett PR, Blevins KS, Stoddart M, Wang W, Quintana E, Alaupovic P, Lee ET. Body mass index and high-density lipoproteins in Cherokee Indian children and adolescents. Pediatr Res 2005; 58:472-7. [PMID: 16148059 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000176947.98014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Native Americans are predisposed to insulin resistance and associated cardiovascular risk. Therefore, we studied whether BMI (body mass index) in a population of Cherokee children and adolescents is associated with HDL-C (HDL cholesterol), and the HDL particles Lp (lipoprotein) A-I and LpA-I:A-II. Subjects were grouped by BMI Z score quartiles within three gender-specific age brackets (5-9, 10-14, and 15-19 y) to examine for trends in lipoprotein and HOMA-IR (homeostasis index insulin resistance) values associated with adiposity and age. HDL-C decreased by BMI Z score quartiles in all three age groups for both genders. HDL-C, LpA-I, and LpA-I:A-II decreased with age in boys but not girls. Log HOMA-IR increased by BMI Z score quartiles in all three age groups for both genders. Linear regression modeling showed BMI Z score, triglyceride, and age to be associated with HDL-C, whereas HOMA-IR was associated with LpA-I:A-II but not with HDL-C or LpA-I. When waist circumference was substituted for BMI Z score in the same models, it was associated with HDL-C and both lipoprotein particles. In conclusion, adiposity is more associated with HDL-C lowering than with declines in the lipoprotein particles. HOMA-IR is less associated with HDL-C but may selectively influence LpA-I:A-II. Greater decreases in HDL-C, LpA-I, and LpA-I:A-II with age in boys is attributed to gender-specific hormonal changes. The early onset of HDL lowering in these Native American children and adolescents, particularly boys, warrants intervention strategies to prevent obesity and associated cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piers R Blackett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Abstract
The metabolism of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), which are inversely related to risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, involves a complex interplay of factors regulating HDL synthesis, intravascular remodeling, and catabolism. The individual lipid and apolipoprotein components of HDL are mostly assembled after secretion, are frequently exchanged with or transferred to other lipoproteins, are actively remodeled within the plasma compartment, and are often cleared separately from one another. HDL is believed to play a key role in the process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), in which it promotes the efflux of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and returns it to the liver for biliary excretion. This review will emphasize 3 major evolving themes regarding HDL metabolism and RCT. The first theme is that HDL is a universal plasma acceptor lipoprotein for cholesterol efflux from not only peripheral tissues but also hepatocytes, which are a major source of cholesterol efflux to HDL. Furthermore, although efflux of cholesterol from macrophages represents only a tiny fraction of overall cellular cholesterol efflux, it is the most important with regard to atherosclerosis, suggesting that it be specifically termed macrophage RCT. The second theme is the critical role that intravascular remodeling of HDL by lipid transfer factors, lipases, cell surface receptors, and non-HDL lipoproteins play in determining the ultimate metabolic fate of HDL and plasma HDL-c concentrations. The third theme is the growing appreciation that insulin resistance underlies the majority of cases of low HDL-c in humans and the mechanisms by which insulin resistance influences HDL metabolism. Progress in our understanding of HDL metabolism and macrophage reverse cholesterol transport will increase the likelihood of developing novel therapies to raise plasma HDL concentrations and promote macrophage RCT and in proving that these new therapeutic interventions prevent or cause regression of atherosclerosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary F Lewis
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Dolnikowski GG, Marsh JB, Das SK, Welty FK. Stable isotopes in obesity research. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2005; 24:311-327. [PMID: 15389849 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as a major public health problem. Obesity is a multifactorial disease and is often associated with a wide range of comorbidities including hypertension, non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease, all of which contribute to morbidity and mortality. This review deals with stable isotope mass spectrometric methods and the application of stable isotopes to metabolic studies of obesity. Body composition and total energy expenditure (TEE) can be measured by mass spectrometry using stable isotope labeled water, and the metabolism of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate can be measured using appropriate labeled tracer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Dolnikowski
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
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Mauger JF, Couture P, Paradis ME, Lamarche B. Comparison of the impact of atorvastatin and simvastatin on apoA-I kinetics in men. Atherosclerosis 2005; 178:157-63. [PMID: 15585213 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2004] [Revised: 06/01/2004] [Accepted: 06/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of simvastatin and atorvastatin, two HMG-CoA inhibitors, on plasma HDL-C concentrations has been shown to be inconsistent, simvastatin being reported to induce greater increases in HDL-C than atorvastatin. The physiological mechanisms underlying this diverging effect are still unknown. OBJECTIVES To compare the impact of simvastatin and atorvastatin on apoA-I kinetics in vivo. METHODS In this double-blind, cross-over study, seven men with relatively low baseline HDL-C were assigned in random order to one of two experimental 8-week treatments (atorvastatin 40 mg or simvastatin 80 mg), each separated by a 6-week washout period. After each phase, apoA-I kinetics were measured using a primed-constant infusion of l-(5,5,5-D3) leucine for 12 h with patients being kept in constant fed, steady state. Isotopic enrichment of apoA-I over time was assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and kinetic parameters were calculated by multicompartmental modeling. RESULTS Both treatments reduced plasma LDL-C levels to a similar extent while HDL-C levels remained statistically unchanged after both experimental phases. However, compared to atorvastatin, plasma apoA-I concentrations were significantly higher after treatment with simvastatin (1.33 +/- 0.07 g/L versus 1.23 +/- 0.07 g/L, P = 0.05). Treatment with simvastatin also induced a significant increase in apoA-I production rate compared to atorvastatin (15.2 +/- 3.0 mg/kg/d versus 13.2 +/- 2.6 mg/kg/d, P = 0.05). There was no statistical difference in apoA-1 fractional catabolic rate between simvastatin and atorvastatin (0.26 +/- 0.05 pool/d versus 0.24 +/- 0.04 pool/d). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the diverging impact of simvastatin and atorvastatin on plasma HDL-C levels in humans may be attributable, at least partly, to a greater production rate of apoA-I with simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Mauger
- Institute on Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2440 Boul Hochelaga, Local 2742, Laval University, Que., Canada G1K 7P4
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