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Staller DW, Bennett RG, Mahato RI. Therapeutic perspectives on PDE4B inhibition in adipose tissue dysfunction and chronic liver injury. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024:1-29. [PMID: 38878273 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2369590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a complex disease associated with profound dysfunction. Despite an incredible burden, the first and only pharmacotherapy for metabolic-associated steatohepatitis was only approved in March of this year, indicating a gap in the translation of preclinical studies. There is a body of preclinical work on the application of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors in CLD, none of these molecules have been successfully translated into clinical use. AREAS COVERED To design therapies to combat CLD, it is essential to consider the dysregulation of other tissues that contribute to its development and progression. As such, proper therapies must combat this throughout the body rather than focusing only on the liver. To detail this, literature characterizing the pathogenesis of CLD was pulled from PubMed, with a particular focus placed on the role of PDE4 in inflammation and metabolism. Then, the focus is shifted to detailing the available information on existing PDE4 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION This review gives a brief overview of some of the pathologies of organ systems that are distinct from the liver but contribute to disease progression. The demonstrated efficacy of PDE4 inhibitors in other human inflammatory diseases should earn them further examination for the treatment of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton W Staller
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Robert G Bennett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Özdamar MY, Biçer Ş. Importance of parental anxiety in management of developmental breast conditions in children: A study with a prospective hierarchical regression model. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38514. [PMID: 38875389 PMCID: PMC11175848 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The parent is the most critical link and decision-maker between the patient and the healthcare provider in treating many pediatric diseases. This entity is essential for the management of pediatric breast diseases for which the rate of surgical intervention is known to be very low. Although previous publications have emphasized that pediatric breast diseases may cause alarming anxiety in parents, the demographic factors that influence this anxiety have not been investigated. Even if practitioners complete patient management with appropriate procedures, treatment is incomplete if the questions remain unanswered. In this observational prospective study, we investigated the demographic factors that affect parental anxiety, which should be prioritized to prevent incomplete management. The Beck Anxiety Inventory score (BAS) created by the parents of 409 boys and girls aged 0 to 17 with breast conditions was recorded at the diagnosis, termination of treatment, and final control stages. A 2-stage hierarchical logistic regression model was applied to show how strongly the demographic characteristics of parents and their children predicted the parental BAS. Of the demographic characteristics, there was a significant correlation (P < .05) between the patient's sex, age, developmental period, Tanner stage, referral status, management method, family's place of residence, economic distress, and BAS. However, according to the 2-stage hierarchical regression model, only 3 demographic characteristics, the patient's gender, place of residence, and method used in patient management, significantly predicted BAS (P < .05, ΔR2 = .35). Among the many factors that affect anxiety experienced by parents whose son or daughter has breast problems, the gender of the child, place of residence of the family, and management methods used by the practitioner are demographic characteristics that should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yaşar Özdamar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Dasari H, Smyrnova A, Leng J, Ducharme FM. Feasibility, acceptability, and safety of a novel device for self-collecting capillary blood samples in clinical trials in the context of the pandemic and beyond. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304155. [PMID: 38809872 PMCID: PMC11135758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home blood self-collection devices can enable remote monitoring, but their implementation requires validation. Our objectives were to explore (i) the impact of sampling sites and topical analgesia on capillary blood volume and pain perception and (ii) the safety, acceptability, and failure of capillary self-collection among adults and children using the Tasso-SST device. METHODS We conducted a two-phase study. The investigational phase consisted of two on-site cross-sectional studies in healthy adult participants (≥ 12 years) and children (1-17 years) with their accompanying parent. Adults received 4 capillary samplings, where puncture sites and topical analgesia were randomized in a factorial design, and a venipuncture; children (and one parent) had one capillary sampling. The two co-primary outcomes were blood volume and pain. The implementation phase was conducted in two multicentre trials in participants choosing remote visits; blood volume, collection failure, adverse events, and satisfaction were documented. RESULTS In the investigational phase, 90 participants and 9 children with 7 parents were enrolled; 15 adults and 2 preschoolers participated in the implementation phase. In the adult investigational study, the device collected a median (25%, 75%) of 450 (250, 550) μl of blood with no significant difference between the puncture site, topical analgesia, and its interaction. Using topical analgesia reduced pain perception by 0.61 (95% CI: 0.97, 0.24; P <0.01) points on the 11-point scale; the pain reduction varied by puncture site, with the lower back showing the most significant decrease. Overall, combining all studies and phases, the median volume collected was 425 (250, 500) μl, and the device failure rate was 4.4%; minor adverse effects were reported in 8.9% of the participants, all were willing to use the device again. CONCLUSION Capillary blood self-collection, yielding slightly less than 500 μl, proves to be a safe and relatively painless method for adults and children, with high satisfaction and low failure rates. The puncture site and topical analgesia do not affect blood volume, but topical analgesia on the lower back could reduce pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Dasari
- Clinical Research and Knowledge Transfer Unit on Childhood Asthma, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Smyrnova
- Clinical Research and Knowledge Transfer Unit on Childhood Asthma, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jing Leng
- Clinical Research and Knowledge Transfer Unit on Childhood Asthma, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francine M. Ducharme
- Clinical Research and Knowledge Transfer Unit on Childhood Asthma, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Kranjac AW, Kranjac D, Kain ZN, Ehwerhemuepha L, Jenkins BN. Obesity Heterogeneity by Neighborhood Context in a Largely Latinx Sample. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:980-991. [PMID: 36997832 PMCID: PMC10933170 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood socioeconomic context where Latinx children live may influence body weight status. Los Angeles County and Orange County of Southern California both are on the list of the top ten counties with the largest Latinx population in the USA. This heterogeneity allowed us to estimate differential impacts of neighborhood environment on children's body mass index z-scores by race/ethnicity using novel methods and a rich data source. We geocoded pediatric electronic medical record data from a predominantly Latinx sample and characterized neighborhoods into unique residential contexts using latent profile modeling techniques. We estimated multilevel linear regression models that adjust for comorbid conditions and found that a child's place of residence independently associates with higher body mass index z-scores. Interactions further reveal that Latinx children living in Middle-Class neighborhoods have higher BMI z-scores than Asian and Other Race children residing in the most disadvantaged communities. Our findings underscore the complex relationship between community racial/ethnic composition and neighborhood socioeconomic context on body weight status during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley W Kranjac
- Department of Sociology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
- Center for Stress & Health, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dinko Kranjac
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health and Psychological Well-Being, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA
| | - Zeev N Kain
- Center for Stress & Health, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Brooke N Jenkins
- Center for Stress & Health, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866, USA.
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Cooke CB, Greatwood HC, McCullough D, Kirwan R, Duckworth LC, Sutton L, Gately PJ. The effect of discretionary snack consumption on overall energy intake, weight status, and diet quality: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13693. [PMID: 38226404 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The consumption frequency and portion size of discretionary snacks are thought to contribute to a greater food intake and risk of overweight or obesity in the developed world but evidence from epidemiological studies is inconclusive. To investigate this, we systematically evaluated evidence on the effects of discretionary snack consumption on weight status, energy intake, and diet quality. Articles involving discretionary snacks reported against the outcome measures of any primary, peer-reviewed study using human participants from free-living conditions for all age groups were included. A total of 14,780 titles were identified and 40 eligible publications were identified. Three key outcomes were reported: weight status (n = 35), energy intake (n = 11), and diet quality (n = 3). Increased discretionary snack consumption may contribute modestly to energy intake, however, there is a lack of consistent associations with increased weight/BMI. Although cross-sectional analyses offered conflicting findings, longitudinal studies in adults showed a consistent positive relationship between discretionary snack intake and increasing weight or body mass index. Given that experimental findings suggest reducing the size of discretionary snacks could lead to decreased consumption and subsequent energy intake, food policy makers and manufacturers may find it valuable to consider altering the portion and/or packaging size of discretionary snacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlton B Cooke
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Richard Kirwan
- School of Sports and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Louise Sutton
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul J Gately
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Prunell-Castañé A, Beyer F, Witte V, Sánchez Garre C, Hernán I, Caldú X, Jurado MÁ, Garolera M. From the reward network to whole-brain metrics: structural connectivity in adolescents and young adults according to body mass index and genetic risk of obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:567-574. [PMID: 38145996 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a multifactorial condition. Genetic variants, such as the fat mass and obesity related gene (FTO) polymorphism, may increase the vulnerability of developing obesity by disrupting dopamine signaling within the reward network. Yet, the association of obesity, genetic risk of obesity, and structural connectivity of the reward network in adolescents and young adults remains unexplored. We investigate, in adolescents and young adults, the structural connectivity differences in the reward network and at the whole-brain level according to body mass index (BMI) and the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism. METHODS One hundred thirty-two adolescents and young adults (age range: [10, 21] years, BMI z-score range: [-1.76, 2.69]) were included. Genetic risk of obesity was determined by the presence of the FTO A allele. Whole-brain and reward network structural connectivity were analyzed using graph metrics. Hierarchical linear regression was applied to test the association between BMI-z, genetic risk of obesity, and structural connectivity. RESULTS Higher BMI-z was associated with higher (B = 0.76, 95% CI = [0.30, 1.21], P = 0.0015) and lower (B = -0.003, 95% CI = [-0.006, -0.00005], P = 0.048) connectivity strength for fractional anisotropy at the whole-brain level and of the reward network, respectively. The FTO polymorphism was not associated with structural connectivity nor with BMI-z. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that, in healthy adolescents and young adults, higher BMI-z is associated with higher connectivity at the whole-brain level and lower connectivity of the reward network. We did not find the FTO polymorphism to correlate with structural connectivity. Future longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are needed to assess how genetic determinants of obesity change brain structural connectivity and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Prunell-Castañé
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Frauke Beyer
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veronica Witte
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Consuelo Sánchez Garre
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imma Hernán
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Xavier Caldú
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Jurado
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Maite Garolera
- Brain, Cognition and Behavior: Clinical Research, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuropsychology Unit, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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Piesch L, Stojan R, Zinner J, Büsch D, Utesch K, Utesch T. Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns on Body Mass Index of Primary School Children from Different Socioeconomic Backgrounds. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:20. [PMID: 38429549 PMCID: PMC10907325 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is associated with various health outcomes. Restrictive measures to contain the spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, like lockdowns and school closures, affected children's daily structure, physical activity, dietary habits, and sleep quality, possibly exacerbating risk factors for childhood obesity and higher body mass index (BMI) in children. Poor socioeconomic conditions may have led to relatively higher risk for elevated BMI levels following pandemic measures. In this study, the impact of measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the BMI of third graders was investigated regarding children's socioeconomic background (SEB). METHODS Data from 41,728 children (8.84 ± 0.56 years, 20,431 female) were collected in the context of a cohort study. Children were tested either before the pandemic (preCOVID: Sept2017-March2020, n = 26,314), or following the first (postLDI: Aug2020-Dec2020, n = 6657) or second lockdown in Germany (postLDII: Aug2021-Jan2022, n = 8757). SEB was based on the official school type classification of the state of Berlin. Outcome was BMI standard deviation scores (SDS). RESULTS Significant effects of Time and SEB revealed elevated BMIs in postLDI (M = 0.23, p = 0.011) and postLDII (M = 0.22, p = 0.011) compared to preCOVID (M = 0.17) cohorts and higher BMIs for children with lower SEB (b = - 0.13, p < 0.001). A significant Time × SEB interaction indicated that the effect of SEB on children's BMI increased in response to lockdowns, especially in postLDII (b = - 0.05, p = 0.006). Results suggest that the COVID-19-related measures lead to increased BMI in children, and that children of lower SEB were at particular risk for higher BMIs following lockdowns. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the dependency of children's BMI on societal circumstances. Over the course of two lockdowns in Germany, children have experienced BMI increments, particularly in low socioeconomic areas. Authorities are called into action to counteract increasing rates of childhood weight by promoting physical activity of children and establishing related post-pandemic offers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Piesch
- Institute of Educational Sciences, University of Münster, Bispinghof 5/6, 48143, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Stojan
- Institute of Educational Sciences, University of Münster, Bispinghof 5/6, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Zinner
- Deutsche Hochschule für Gesundheit und Sport, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Büsch
- Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Utesch
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Till Utesch
- Institute of Educational Sciences, University of Münster, Bispinghof 5/6, 48143, Münster, Germany.
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Kitani RA, Nicolaides NC, Mantzou A, Chatzidaki E, Michou M, Polychronaki N, Letsou K, Pervanidou P, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. Differences in segmental hair cortisol concentration analysis among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity, their parents, and normal weight peers. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:623-632. [PMID: 37688736 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysregulation of the stress system via incidental long exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) can lead to weight gain. In addition, family and maternal stress can also have an impact on children's weight. Hair is used in several studies to evaluate cortisol (GC) levels in children and adolescents with excess weight as a retrospective stress biomarker, depending on the hair length the cortisol measurement depicting different time periods. We aimed to investigate whether there is a difference among segmental hair cortisol concentration (HCC) analysis between children and adolescents with overweight and obesity, their mothers, and normal weight peers. METHODS This study recruited 25 children aged 6-14 years with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85th centile and their mothers, as well as 20 children of the same age with a BMI < 85th centile. Hair cortisol concentration was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS Segmental HCC analysis exhibited gradually decreasing values in all participants as segments of hair were more distantly located from the scalp. A positive correlation was found between BMI z-score and HCC of the first segment of hair in children and adolescents with elevated BMI (b = 1.84, p = 0.033), as well as with maternal HCC / of an only child (b = 15.77, p = 0.01). There were no associations between mother-child dyads and children and adolescents of different BMI groups, even though minors with excess weight exhibited higher HCC levels in all segments of hair in comparison to their normal weight counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Hair cortisol of all participants exhibited a gradually declining concentration. More studies with larger samples and more sensitive methods of analysis are warranted in order to draw firmer conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa-Anna Kitani
- Postgraduate Course on "The Science of Stress and Health Promotion", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon and Levadias str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Postgraduate Course on "The Science of Stress and Health Promotion", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon and Levadias str, 11527, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evi Chatzidaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Michou
- Postgraduate Course on "The Science of Stress and Health Promotion", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon and Levadias str, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Human Ecology Laboratory, Department of Economics and Sustainable Development, Harokopio University, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Nektaria Polychronaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Letsou
- Postgraduate Course on "The Science of Stress and Health Promotion", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon and Levadias str, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Postgraduate Course on "The Science of Stress and Health Promotion", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon and Levadias str, 11527, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Postgraduate Course on "The Science of Stress and Health Promotion", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon and Levadias str, 11527, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Zhou F, Tian G, Cui Y, He S, Yan Y. Development of genome-wide association studies on childhood obesity and its indicators: A scoping review and enrichment analysis. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13077. [PMID: 37800454 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progress of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in childhood obesity and its indicators is challenging and there are differences in genetic studies in children and adults. OBJECTIVE To illustrate the history of the development of GWAS in childhood obesity and its indicators and summarize the GWAS loci. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and GWAS Catalog databases were systematically searched from 1 January 2005 to 19 October 2022 for literature related to GWAS of childhood BMI, body fatness and obesity. The nearest genes were used as positional genes to perform gene set analyses including the enrichment of pathways, tissues and diseases. RESULTS Twenty articles published between 2007 and 2021 were included in this scoping review, which identified 116 SNPs reaching genome-wide significance with childhood BMI (n = 50), body fatness (n = 31) and obesity (n = 35). The study populations were European in 16 studies, non-European in three studies (1 East Asian; 1 American; 1 Mexican) and trans-ancestry in one study. Several enriched pathways, tissues and diseases were identified through enrichment analysis of genes associated with childhood obesity and its indicators. CONCLUSIONS The innovations in tools and methods enable GWAS to better explore the genetic characteristics of obesity in children and adolescents. However, the number of GWAS in American, Asian and African populations is limited compared to the European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiran Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Simin He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Bauman D. Impact of obesity on female puberty and pubertal disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 91:102400. [PMID: 37708835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide epidemic of obesity appears to be one of the crucial health problems. One-third of children and adolescents in the United States are classified as either overweight or obese and 6% of adolescents are severely obese. With the development of high technology, children, and adolescents, spend more time in sedentary life. Together with the availability of consuming fast caloric food, it is almost unavoidable to get an imbalance between caloric intake and caloric expenditure of energy, resulting in the accumulation of fat-energy stores. Obesity has an enormous impact on physical and psychological health and is associated with more than 29 adverse health consequences previously identified in the adult population only, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, postmenopausal breast cancer, and others. In addition, excess adiposity may exert a harmful effect on the reproductive system, resulting in precocious puberty, irregular menstrual cycle, polycystic ovary syndrome, and high-risk sexual behavior. Intervention programs for healthy lifestyle modification, consisting of caloric restriction together with physical activity did not gain the expected efficacy. Other approaches as medical and surgical therapies are currently not evidence-based for the young population. The obesity crisis in children and adolescents requires a better understanding of etiology, pathophysiology, and management of obesity in this unique population. Researchers and physicians must "turn over every stone" to find a solution for deviating obesity ascent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dvora Bauman
- Bat-Ami Center, Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology Division, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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San-Cristobal R, de Toro-Martín J, Guénard F, Pérusse L, Biron S, Marceau S, Lafortune Payette A, Vohl MC. Impact of maternal cardiometabolic status after bariatric surgery on the association between telomere length and adiposity in offspring. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20771. [PMID: 38008763 PMCID: PMC10679094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of bariatric surgery on metabolic and inflammatory status are reflected in the epigenetic profile and telomere length mediated by the changes in the metabolic status of the patients. This study compared the telomere length of children born before versus after maternal bariatric surgery as a surrogate to test the influence of the mother's metabolic status on children's telomere length. DNA methylation telomere length (DNAmTL) was estimated from Methylation-EPIC BeadChip array data from a total of 24 children born before and after maternal bariatric surgery in the greater Quebec City area. DNAmTL was inversely associated with chronological age in children (r = - 0.80, p < 0.001) and significant differences were observed on age-adjusted DNAmTL between children born before versus after the maternal bariatric surgery. The associations found between body mass index and body fat percentage with DNAmTL in children born after the surgery were influenced by maternal triglycerides, TG/HDL-C ratio and TyG index. This study reports the impact of maternal bariatric surgery on offspring telomere length. The influence of maternal metabolic status on the association between telomere length and markers of adiposity in children suggests a putative modulating effect of bariatric surgery on the cardiometabolic risk in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Juan de Toro-Martín
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Biron
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Marceau
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Lafortune Payette
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
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Husen M, Engrav SK, Saul D, Stuart MJ, Milbrandt TA, Levy BA, Krych AJ, Saris DB. Differences in Trampoline-Related Knee Injuries Between Children and Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231209666. [PMID: 37954864 PMCID: PMC10637177 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231209666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the specific risk of knee injuries due to trampoline accidents in adults compared with children. Purpose To investigate the differences in trampoline-related knee injuries between children and adults and identify risk factors and protective strategies to reduce injury incidence. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Data on 229 consecutive patients treated for trampoline-related knee injuries in a single institution were prospectively collected, analyzed, and included. Risk factors, injury patterns, and clinical treatments were compared between skeletally immature and skeletally mature patients. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratios for specific risk factors for trampoline-related injuries-including body mass index (BMI), trauma mechanism, patient age, and accident location. Results A total of 229 patients met the inclusion criteria; 118 (52%) patients (women, 54.2%; mean age, 8.5 ± 4.1 years) were skeletally immature at the time of injury, and 111 (48%) patients (women, 72%; mean age, 31.9 ± 13.1 years) had closed physes on initial presentation and were classified as skeletally mature. A total of 63 patients (28%) required surgical treatment for their knee injury. Overall, 50 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, 46 fractures, 39 meniscal tears, 31 ligamentous tears other than ACL, 22 patellar dislocations, and 38 soft tissue injuries, such as lacerations, were recorded. Skeletally mature patients had 7.8 times higher odds (95% CI, 1.6-46.8; P < .05) and 19.1 increased odds (95% CI, 5.5-74.9; P < .05) of an ACL tear or another ligamentous tear, respectively, compared with skeletally immature patients. Patients who described instability and giving way of the knee as relevant trauma mechanisms had odds of 3.11 (95% CI, 0.9-14.8; P < .05) of an ACL tear compared with other trauma mechanisms. Meniscal tears were observed more frequently in the skeletally mature cohort (P < .05). An elevated BMI was associated with a significantly higher relative risk of an ACL tear, a ligamentous tear other than the ACL, and an injury requiring surgery. A third of surgically treated patients were subject to a delayed diagnosis. Conclusion Adults had a significantly increased risk of ligamentous and meniscal tears and required operative intervention more often than skeletally immature individuals. Elevated BMI, age, and instability events in terms of trauma mechanism conveyed an increased risk of structural damage to the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Husen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samantha K. Engrav
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dominik Saul
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael J. Stuart
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Todd A. Milbrandt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce A. Levy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron J. Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniël B.F. Saris
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Yang B, Lai Q, Chen A, Ye L, Wang X, Lai Y, Liu D, Man MQ. Body Mass Index z Scores Correlate with Epidermal Function in Chinese Children. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3393-3401. [PMID: 37929059 PMCID: PMC10624195 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s435512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Epidermal function is altered in a number of cutaneous and extracutaneous disorders. To determine whether epidermal function is also altered in children with obesity, we assessed the correlation between the body mass index (BMI) z score and epidermal function in children. Participants and Methods Participants were enrolled from outpatient clinic, schools and kindergartens. Epidermal biophysical properties, including transepidermal water loss rate, stratum corneum hydration and skin surface pH, were measured on the flexor forearm and shin. Correlations between epidermal biophysical properties and BMI were analyzed. In addition, the association of epidermal biophysical properties with BMI z score was also determined. Results Overall, BMI did not differ significantly between boys and girls among the age groups. BMI z scores correlated negatively with stratum corneum hydration levels and positively with skin surface pH in boys, but not in girls. The negative correlation between TEWL and BMI z score was not significant. Moreover, stratum corneum hydration levels were lower in boys with a BMI z score of ≥2 than in those with a BMI z score of -2 to 0.99. Conclusion Both stratum corneum hydration levels and skin surface pH are significantly correlated with BMI z scores in boys, but not in girls. Whether epidermal function influences BMI or vice versa remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, 510091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center for Public Health of Puning, Puning City, Guangdong, 515300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiqi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center for Public Health of Puning, Puning City, Guangdong, 515300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, 510091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, 510091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulin Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center for Public Health of Puning, Puning City, Guangdong, 515300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Product Development, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, 510091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao-Qiang Man
- Department of Product Development, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, 510091, People’s Republic of China
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Adepalli N, Cumby J, Campbell N, Pavlova B, Alda M, Cahill LE, Uher R. Developmental Trajectory of Body Weight in Youths at Risk for Major Mood Disorders. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2338540. [PMID: 37856119 PMCID: PMC10587790 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.38540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Mood disorders are associated with increased body weight, especially in females, but it remains unknown when the weight increase starts. Objectives To examine sex-specific weight trajectories associated with familial mood disorder risk and determine the age at which youth at familial risk for mood disorders begin to diverge in weight from controls. Design, Setting, and Participants This community-based, single-center, acceleration cohort study of youth at familial risk for mood disorders and controls with yearly follow-ups (mean [SD], 5 [2.1] years) from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2022, assessed 394 unaffected female and male offspring (aged 3 to 20 years) of parents with or without a mood disorder. Parents with mood (depressive or bipolar) disorders were recruited through adult mental health services. Parents of control participants were matched on age and socioeconomic factors and recruited through acquaintance referrals or schools. Exposures The youth in the familial mood risk group had at least 1 parent with a major mood disorder, whereas control youth did not have a parent with a mood disorder. Main Outcomes and Measures Body mass indexes (BMIs) were calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared from measured weight and height at annual assessments and then converted to age- and sex-adjusted z scores (zBMIs). Repeated-measure regressions examined the association between zBMI and age in youth at familial risk of mood disorders and controls while accounting for sex. Sensitivity analyses accounted for socioeconomic status, prematurity, and birth weight. Results Of 394 participants (mean [SD] age, 11.5 [3.6] years; 203 [51.5%] female), youths at familial risk for mood disorders showed overall no difference in body weight (β = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.01-0.24) from controls. A sex-specific difference was detected, with females at familial risk showing a rapid peripubertal increase in body weight, leading to significantly increased zBMIs at 12 years and older compared with controls (β = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.31-0.82) independent of socioeconomic status, prematurity, or birth weight. Males did not differ from controls at any age. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, females with a family history of mood disorders were prone to weight gain starting around puberty and predating mood disorder onset. Early interventions aiming to prevent adverse mental and physical outcomes in this vulnerable group need to start in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Adepalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jill Cumby
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Niamh Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Barbara Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Leah E. Cahill
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Varga KZ, Gyurina K, Radványi Á, Pál T, Sasi-Szabó L, Yu H, Felszeghy E, Szabó T, Röszer T. Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Triggers Adipocyte Autophagy. Cells 2023; 12:2345. [PMID: 37830559 PMCID: PMC10572001 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune signaling in adipocytes affects systemic metabolism. Cytosolic nucleic acid sensing has been recently shown to stimulate thermogenic adipocyte differentiation and protect from obesity; however, DNA efflux from adipocyte mitochondria is a potential proinflammatory signal that causes adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. Cytosolic DNA activates the stimulator of interferon response genes (STING), a key signal transducer which triggers type I interferon (IFN-I) expression; hence, STING activation is expected to induce IFN-I response and adipocyte dysfunction. However, we show herein that mouse adipocytes had a diminished IFN-I response to STING stimulation by 2'3'-cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP). We also show that cGAMP triggered autophagy in murine and human adipocytes. In turn, STING inhibition reduced autophagosome number, compromised the mitochondrial network and caused inflammation and fat accumulation in adipocytes. STING hence stimulates a process that removes damaged mitochondria, thereby protecting adipocytes from an excessive IFN-I response to mitochondrial DNA efflux. In summary, STING appears to limit inflammation in adipocytes by promoting mitophagy under non-obesogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornél Z. Varga
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Gyurina
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Radványi
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Pál
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Sasi-Szabó
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Haidong Yu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Enikő Felszeghy
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szabó
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Röszer
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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16
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Kretschmer L, Salali GD, Andersen LB, Hallal PC, Northstone K, Sardinha LB, Dyble M, Bann D. Gender differences in the distribution of children's physical activity: evidence from nine countries. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:103. [PMID: 37667391 PMCID: PMC10478357 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity in childhood is thought to influences health and development. Previous studies have found that boys are typically more active than girls, yet the focus has largely been on differences in average levels or proportions above a threshold rather than the full distribution of activity across all intensities. We thus examined differences in the distribution of physical activity between girls and boys in a multi-national sample of children. METHODS We used the harmonised International Children Accelerometry Database (ICAD), including waist-worn accelerometry data from 15,461 individuals (Boys: 48.3%) from 9 countries. Employing Generalised Additive Models of Location, Shape, and Scale (GAMLSS) we investigated gender differences in the distribution of individuals, including comparisons of variability (SD) and average physical activity levels (mean and median) and skewness. We conducted this analysis for each activity intensity (Sedentary, Light, and Moderate-to-Vigorous (MVPA)) and a summary measure (counts per minute (CPM)). RESULTS Sizable gender differences in the distribution of activity were found for moderate to vigorous activity and counts per minute, with boys having higher average levels (38% higher mean volumes of MVPA, 20% higher CPM), yet substantially more between-person variability (30% higher standard deviation (SD) for MVPA, 17% higher SD for CPM); boys' distributions were less positively skewed than girls. Conversely, there was little to no difference between girls and boys in the distribution of sedentary or light-intensity activity. CONCLUSIONS Inequality in activity between girls and boys was driven by MVPA. The higher mean volumes of MVPA in boys occurred alongside greater variability. This suggests a need to consider the underlying distribution of activity in future research; for example, interventions which target gender inequality in MVPA may inadvertently lead to increased inequality within girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Kretschmer
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, UCL, London, UK.
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, UK.
| | - Gul Deniz Salali
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, UK
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Kate Northstone
- Bristol School of Medicine, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Mark Dyble
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, UK
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, UCL, London, UK
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Ren Y, Barnhart WR, Cui T, Song J, Tang C, Cui S, He J. Exploring the longitudinal association between body dissatisfaction and body appreciation in Chinese adolescents: A four-wave, random intercept cross-lagged panel model. Body Image 2023; 46:32-40. [PMID: 37196387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although ample research evidence exists regarding the negative association between body dissatisfaction and body appreciation, the longitudinal association between these two constructs remains unclear, especially for adolescents. Thus, this study investigated the longitudinal association between body dissatisfaction and body appreciation and potential gender differences in this relationship in Chinese adolescents using four-wave longitudinal data. A sample of 2566 adolescents (54.10% girls) were included. A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) was conducted separately for boys and girls after controlling for baseline age and BMI z-scores. Results at the within-person level showed that for boys, body dissatisfaction at each wave negatively predicted body appreciation at the following wave, and body appreciation at Wave 2 and Wave 3 negatively predicted body dissatisfaction at Wave 3 and Wave 4. For girls, at the within-person level, body dissatisfaction at Wave 1 and Wave 2 negatively predicted body appreciation at Wave 2 and Wave 3, and body appreciation at Wave 3 negatively predicted body dissatisfaction at Wave 4. However, no gender differences in the RI-CLPM were found. The current findings enrich positive and negative body image research by providing evidence for the reciprocal relationships between body dissatisfaction and body appreciation in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxiang Ren
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wesley R Barnhart
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Tianxiang Cui
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jianwen Song
- Department of Educational Psychology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Chanyuan Tang
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Cui
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinbo He
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Bélanger V, Morel S, Napartuk M, Bouchard I, Meloche C, Curnier D, Sultan S, Laverdière C, Sinnett D, Marcil V. Abnormal HDL lipid and protein composition following pediatric cancer treatment: an associative study. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:72. [PMID: 37301877 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at high risk of having dyslipidemia including low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, little is known about the prevalence of low HDL-C and the impact of therapy exposure on HDL composition early after treatment is terminated. METHODS This associative study included 50 children and adolescents who had completed their cancer treatments (< 4 years). Clinical characteristics (demographic, diagnosis, treatment, anthropometric parameters), fasting plasma lipids, apoliporoteins (Apo) A-I and composition of HDL fractions (HDL2 and HDL3) were assessed. Data were stratified according to the presence of dyslipidemia and median doses of therapeutic agents and compared using Fisher exact or Mann-Whitney tests. Univariate binary logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the associations between the clinical and biochemical characteristics and having low HDL-C. Composition of HDL2 and HDL3 particles was assessed in a sub-group of 15 patients and compared to 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls using Wilcoxon paired test. RESULTS Of the 50 pediatric cancer patients included in this study (mean age: 11.30 ± 0.72 y; mean time since end of treatment: 1.47 ± 0.12 y; male: 38%), 8 had low HDL-C (16%), all of which were adolescent at diagnosis. Higher doses of doxorubicin were associated with lower HDL-C and Apo A-I levels. In hypertriglyceridemic patients and compared to normolipidemics, triglycerides (TG) content was greater in HDL2 and HDL3 fractions whereas esterified cholesterol (EC) content was lower in HDL2. Enrich TG content of HDL3 and lower EC of HDL2 was found in patients exposed to ≥ 90 mg/m2 doxorubicin. Factors positively associated with the risk of having low HDL-C were age, being overweight or obese and exposure to doxorubicin ≥ 90 mg/m2. Compared to healthy controls, a sub-group of 15 patients showed higher TG and free cholesterol (FC) content of HDL2 and HDL3 and lower EC content in HDL3. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found abnormalities in HDL-C and Apo A-I levels and in HDL composition early after pediatric cancer treatment that are influenced by age, overweight or obesity status and exposure to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bélanger
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophia Morel
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Napartuk
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bouchard
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Caroline Meloche
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Daniel Curnier
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Sultan
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Gonçalves Teixeira B, Paciência I, Cavaleiro Rufo J, Mendes F, Farraia M, Padrão P, Moreira P, Moreira A. The Influence of Obesity in the Autonomic Nervous System Activity in School-Aged Children in Northern Portugal: A Cross-Sectional Study. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2023; 36:317-325. [PMID: 37130573 DOI: 10.20344/amp.17144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in childhood, being an important public health issue. Excessive weight has been associated with autonomic dysfunction but the evidence in children is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of overweight and obesity on the autonomic nervous system activity, in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from a cross-sectional study of 1602 children, aged 7 to 12 years, was used and 858 children were included in the analysis. Body mass index was calculated and classified according to criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Body composition was characterized by bioelectrical impedance. Linear regression models were used to determine the association between body mass index, body composition and the autonomic nervous system activity, assessed by pupillometry. RESULTS Average dilation velocity was higher among children with obesity, according to the CDC and percentage of body fat criteria (β = 0.053, 95% CI = 0.005 to 0.101 and β = 0.063, 95% CI = 0.016 to 0.109, respectively). The same trend was observed for WHO and IOTF criteria (β = 0.045, 95% CI = -0.001 to 0.091, and β = 0.055, 95% CI = -0.001 to 0.111, respectively). CDC and WHO body mass index z-scores were also positively associated with the values of average dilation velocity (rs = 0.030, p = 0.048; and rs = 0.027, p = 0.042, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an association between body mass and changes in the autonomic activity, Moreover, this study provides proof of concept for interventions targeting the prevention/treatment of obesity in children that may offer some benefit in re-establishing the balance of the autonomic nervous system, and subsequently preventing the consequences associated with the autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inês Paciência
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica. Departamento de Patologia. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto. Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João. Porto; EPIUnit. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR). Porto. Portugal
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica. Departamento de Patologia. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto. Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João. Porto; EPIUnit. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR). Porto. Portugal
| | - Francisca Mendes
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica. Departamento de Patologia. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto. Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João. Porto; EPIUnit. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR). Porto. Portugal
| | - Mariana Farraia
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica. Departamento de Patologia. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto. Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João. Porto; EPIUnit. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR). Porto. Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação. Universidade do Porto. Porto; EPIUnit. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR). Porto. Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação. Universidade do Porto. Porto; EPIUnit. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR). Porto. Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica. Departamento de Patologia. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto. Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João. Porto; EPIUnit. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR). Porto. Portugal
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20
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Nosaka N, Anzai T, Uchimido R, Mishima Y, Takahashi K, Wakabayashi K. An anthropometric evidence against the use of age-based estimation of bodyweight in pediatric patients admitted to intensive care units. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3574. [PMID: 36864218 PMCID: PMC9981604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-based bodyweight estimation is commonly used in pediatric settings, but pediatric ICU patients often have preexisting comorbidity and resulting failure to thrive, hence their anthropometric measures may be small-for-age. Accordingly, age-based methods could overestimate bodyweight in such settings, resulting in iatrogenic complications. We performed a retrospective cohort study using pediatric data (aged < 16 years) registered in the Japanese Intensive Care Patient Database from April 2015 to March 2020. All the anthropometric data were overlaid on the growth charts. The estimation accuracy of 4 age-based and 2 height-based bodyweight estimations was evaluated by the Bland-Altman plot analysis and the proportion of estimates within 10% of the measured weight (ρ10%). We analyzed 6616 records. The distributions of both bodyweight and height were drifted to the lower values throughout the childhood while the distribution of BMI was similar to the general healthy children. The accuracy in bodyweight estimation with age-based formulae was inferior to that with height-based methods. These data demonstrated that the pediatric patients in the Japanese ICU were proportionally small-for-age, suggesting a special risk of using the conventional age-based estimation but supporting the use of height-based estimation of the bodyweight in the pediatric ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Nosaka
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiko Anzai
- Department of Biostatistics, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Uchimido
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuka Mishima
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Takahashi
- Department of Biostatistics, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakabayashi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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21
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Klepper CM, Khurana T, Sun Q, Fei L, Crimmins NA, Siegel R, Mouzaki M. BMI Metrics Are Poor Predictors of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity. Child Obes 2023; 19:139-143. [PMID: 35475755 PMCID: PMC9986011 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alternative BMI metrics are superior to BMI z score (BMIz) in tracking obesity but have not been evaluated in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our objective was to evaluate whether BMI-adjusted z score (BMIaz) or BMI expressed as a percentage of the 95th percentile (%BMIp95) are better predictors of degree of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation, a surrogate for NAFLD severity, compared with BMIz in patients with NAFLD. Methods: A retrospective study of 776 subjects aged 2-18 years with BMIz > 1.0 followed in a NAFLD subspecialty clinic was conducted. Regression analysis was used to determine predictors of elevated ALT. Results: There was no association between BMIz, BMIaz, or %BMIp95 and degree of ALT elevation using linear or logistic regression. Conclusion: These results do not support the use of alternative BMI metrics for evaluating NAFLD severity. Future studies should investigate longitudinal assessments and correlation with histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corie M. Klepper
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tarush Khurana
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Qin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Divisions of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lin Fei
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Divisions of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nancy A. Crimmins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert Siegel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Divisions of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marialena Mouzaki
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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22
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Nkomo NY, Simo-Kengne BD, Biyase M. Maternal tobacco smoking and childhood obesity in South Africa: A cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0268313. [PMID: 36757945 PMCID: PMC9910632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use and obesity are major public health problems and part of the leading causes of preventable disease and death worldwide. The prevalence of overweight children has escalated over the years; making the weight gain in children a critical issue for health professionals and academics alike. This study examines the association between maternal tobacco use and body weight abnormalities among South African children. DATA AND METHODS The study uses data from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), conducted from 2008 to 2017. The survey is available in five waves which have been merged into a panel dataset of 211,718 children aged between 0 to 5 years old, drawn from a nationally representative sample of households followed across time. Thus, the subgroup of children aged between 6 and 15 years old was excluded from the analysis. The empirical investigation employs a logistic regression model to estimate the marginal effect of maternal smoking on childhood overweight prevalence measured by three anthropometric based proxies, namely risk of child overweight, child overweight and child obesity. This framework assumes unobserved child characteristics to be uncorrelated with independent variables (random effect assumption); hence allowing to control for time-invariant sociodemographic factors which are likely to affect child nutritional health. RESULTS In addition to sociodemographic and health characteristics of mothers, empirical findings suggest that maternal smoking exhibits a significant odds and/ or probability of weight abnormalities in children. Notably, children of smoking mothers are likely to be obese, overweight, or at risk of becoming overweight with a possible coexistence of mother-child overweight. Similarly, weight irregularities in children are likely to increase with mother's age. Conversely, married mothers although associated with increased odds of children having high BMI, display a reduced probability of children being abnormally weighted. Finally, child support grant has the potential to improve children nutritional health as children whose mothers are recipient of such grant have a negative probability of having high BMI. CONCLUSION Overall, maternal smoking contributes to child overweight and/or obesity in south Africa; suggesting that maternal healthy lifestyle could be an alternative strategic tool to fight against overweight in children. However, mothers' inability to remain and/or follow a healthy life style is plausible as age increases, with spillover effect on child care. Thus, policymakers should prioritize programs to reduce smoking, especially amongst pregnant women and caregivers, to minimise the risk of overweight in children. Promoting the consumption of healthy foods accompanied by physical activity may reduce mothers' stress levels and their incentive to self-medicate using tobacco substances. In addition, comprehensive action programs including child support grant and recommendations for treatment plans that address the problems of children who are already suffering from overweight, remain essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomusa Y. Nkomo
- School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Beatrice D. Simo-Kengne
- School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Mduduzi Biyase
- School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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23
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Yang HM, Choo J. Effects of a parent-led childhood obesity management program for socioeconomically vulnerable families: A randomised controlled trial. Collegian 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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24
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Jafri F, Taylor ZL, Gonzalez D, Shakhnovich V. Effects of obesity on the pharmacology of proton pump inhibitors: current understanding and future implications for patient care and research. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:1-11. [PMID: 36800927 PMCID: PMC10065909 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2178897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the United States, obesity affects approximately ⅖ adults and ⅕ children, leading to increased risk for comorbidities, like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), treated increasingly with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Currently, there are no clinical guidelines to inform PPI dose selection for obesity, with sparse data regarding whether dose augmentation is necessary. AREAS COVERED We provide a review of available literature regarding the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and/or metabolism of PPIs in children and adults with obesity, as a step toward informing PPI dose selection. EXPERT OPINION Published PK data in adults and children are limited to first-generation PPIs and point toward reduced apparent oral drug clearance in obesity, with equipoise regarding obesity impact on drug absorption. Available PD data are sparse, conflicting, and limited to adults. No studies are available to inform the PPI PK→PD relationship in obesity and if/how it differs compared to individuals without obesity. In the absence of data, best practice may be to dose PPIs based on CYP2C19 genotype and lean body weight, so as to avoid systemic overexposure and potential toxicities, while monitoring closely for efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Jafri
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO
| | - Zachary L. Taylor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Daniel Gonzalez
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Valentina Shakhnovich
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO
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25
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Liu X, Xu J, Li S, Wang X, Liu J, Li X. The prevalence of gingivitis and related risk factors in schoolchildren aged 6-12 years old. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:623. [PMID: 36544102 PMCID: PMC9768968 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to epidemiological studies, gingivitis is a common disease. However, its morbidity, considerably varies among individual. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of gingivitis, including prevalence, severity, intraoral distribution, and associated risk factors, in children aged 6-12 years in Jinzhou, China. METHODS A multistage, whole-group, randomized sample of 2880 children aged 6-12 years in Jinzhou City, China, was selected and clinically examined. Each selected child completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic factors and oral health behaviors in cooperation with the investigator and teacher. Gingival bleeding refers to the bleeding of 10% or more teeth under the condition of ingivitis. Gingivitis was further categorized into localized gingivitis (30% ≥ number of teeth positive for gingival bleeding ≥ 10%) and generalized gingivitis (number of positive for gingival bleeding > 30%). The score of gingival bleeding was recorded using the Gingival Index. RESULTS The prevalence of gingivitis in children aged 6-12 years in Jinzhou was 28.58%, including 701 cases of localized gingivitis (24.3%) and 122 cases of generalized gingivitis (4.2%). There were 429 cases (28.3%) of gingivitis in males and 394 cases (28.9%) in females, with no statistically significant difference in prevalence between males and females (P > 0.05). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis showed that aging, dental calculus, plaque, and dental crowding were significantly associated with a high prevalence of gingivitis. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that dental calculus, large amount dental plaque, poor oral health behavior, and oral health awareness are associated with the prevalence of gingivitis and maintaining children's oral health requires professional guidance and regular preventive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Xu
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Siwei Li
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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26
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Wallace S, Scarcella M, Sealy L, Alexander S, Zwi K. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with obesity: A review of programmes for children and young people aged 5-17 years. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:2150-2155. [PMID: 36327100 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A literature review of overweight and obesity prevention and management programmes for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children 5-17 years to inform a co-design weight management intervention in an urban Aboriginal community. Systematic searching of PubMed, Science Direct, Lowitja LitSearch and hand-searching of references, government and Aboriginal websites. Programmes were categorised as including nutrition and food literacy, cooking skills, health education and cultural components. Quality was assessed against the CREATE QAT Tool. Eight programmes, including two evaluations and six programme descriptions, were identified. Interventions ranged in duration from 1 day to 10 weeks involving nutrition education, health information, cooking skills, exercise and cultural content. There were no significant reductions in weight outcomes, although there were reported positive health changes to the children including a reduction in waist circumference and an increase in exercise levels. Insights for future research include effective co-design with community and the delivery of flexible content through an Aboriginal-led, multifaceted programme. There is limited evidence for the prevention and management of weight in Aboriginal children with overweight and obesity. Future research efforts should include more time-intensive, multifaceted, community-run programmes that are supported by medical, advocacy and evaluation expertise from health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seaneen Wallace
- Community Child Health, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michele Scarcella
- Aboriginal Health, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise Sealy
- Community Child Health, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shirley Alexander
- Weight Management, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Zwi
- Community Child Health, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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27
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Tallon EM, Ebekozien O, Sanchez J, Staggs VS, Ferro D, McDonough R, Demeterco-Berggren C, Polsky S, Gomez P, Patel N, Prahalad P, Odugbesan O, Mathias P, Lee JM, Smith C, Shyu CR, Clements MA. Impact of diabetes status and related factors on COVID-19-associated hospitalization: A nationwide retrospective cohort study of 116,370 adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 194:110156. [PMID: 36400172 PMCID: PMC9663407 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We examined diabetes status (no diabetes; type 1 diabetes [T1D]; type 2 diabetes [T2D]) and other demographic and clinical factors as correlates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalization. Further, we evaluated predictors of COVID-19-related hospitalization in T1D and T2D. METHODS We analyzed electronic health record data from the de-identified COVID-19 database (December 2019 through mid-September 2020; 87 US health systems). Logistic mixed models were used to examine predictors of hospitalization at index encounters associated with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS In 116,370 adults (>=18 years old) with COVID-19 (93,098 no diabetes; 802 T1D; 22,470 T2D), factors that independently increased risk for hospitalization included diabetes, male sex, public health insurance, decreased body mass index (BMI; <25.0-29.9 kg/m2), increased BMI (>25.0-29.9 kg/m2), vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, and Elixhauser comorbidity score. After further adjustment for concurrent hyperglycemia and acidosis in those with diabetes, hospitalization risk was substantially higher in T1D than T2D and in those with low vitamin D and elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). CONCLUSIONS The higher hospitalization risk in T1D versus T2D warrants further investigation. Modifiable risk factors such as vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, BMI, and elevated HbA1c may serve as prognostic indicators for COVID-19-related hospitalization in adults with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Tallon
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, 22 Heinkel Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Osagie Ebekozien
- T1D Exchange, 11 Avenue de Lafayette, Boston, MA 02111, USA; School of Population Health, University of Mississippi, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Janine Sanchez
- University of Miami, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vincent S Staggs
- Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Diana Ferro
- Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Ryan McDonough
- Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | | | - Sarit Polsky
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Adult Clinic, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1775 Aurora Court, MS A140, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Patricia Gomez
- University of Miami, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Neha Patel
- Penn State Health Children's Hospital, 12 Briarcrest Square, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Priya Prahalad
- Stanford University, 730 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ori Odugbesan
- T1D Exchange, 11 Avenue de Lafayette, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Priyanka Mathias
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1800 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joyce M Lee
- University of Michigan, Pediatric Endocrinology, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, 2800 Plymouth Rd NCRC Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA
| | - Chelsey Smith
- Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Chi-Ren Shyu
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, 22 Heinkel Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, 201 Naka Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Mark A Clements
- Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Alexiuk T, Pilli B, Hinds A, Urquia M, Slater J. Food insecurity, nutrition insecurity, and self-reported health among newcomer Manitoba youth: A cross-sectional study. Ecol Food Nutr 2022; 62:3-20. [PMID: 36416439 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2022.2148664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Many youth in Manitoba are not food secure. Newcomer youth may be more vulnerable to food insecurity. Further, it has been suggested that being food secure does not ensure a nutritionally adequate diet. This study examined survey data from 1,347 grade nine students to describe and compare food security by newcomer status. Survey data were also used to compare the dietary intakes, eating behaviors, and self-reported health of newcomer youth by food security status. Food security status between newcomer and non-newcomer youth was not significantly different, however, being food secure was not enough to have optimal nutritional health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tressa Alexiuk
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Bhanu Pilli
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aynslie Hinds
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marcelo Urquia
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joyce Slater
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Rajan R, Athale U, Ewusie JE, McAssey K, Thabane L, Samaan MC. An exploratory analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus patient outcomes: A single-center study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1038345. [PMID: 36467474 PMCID: PMC9716184 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1038345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to substantial shifts in pediatric diabetes care delivery to virtual and hybrid models. It is unclear if these changes in care delivery impacted short-term patient outcomes. Objectives We aimed to explore glycemic control and other diabetes-related outcomes in children living with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary pediatric academic center in Canada. Subjects Patients <18 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of T1DM for at least one year were included. Methods This was a retrospective chart review. We compared data from two years pre-pandemic (March 15, 2018-March 14, 2020) to the first year of the pandemic (March 15, 2020-March 14, 2021). The data assessed included glycemic control [Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)], diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hospital attendance and hospitalizations, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was used to model potential factors affecting the HbA1c and diabetes-related morbidities. Multiple imputations were conducted as a sensitivity analysis. Results There were 346 eligible patients included in the study. The HbA1c remained stable during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic phase (MD-0.14, 95% CI, -0.28, 0.01; p = 0.058). The pandemic saw an increase in the number of newly diagnosed patients (X2 = 16.52, p < 0.001) and a higher number of newly diagnosed patients presenting in DKA (X2 = 12.94, p < 0.001). In patients with established diabetes, there was an increase in hyperglycemia (OR1.38, 95% CI, 1.12,1.71; p = 0.003) and reduced DKA (OR 0.30, 95% CI, 0.12,0.73; p = 0.009) during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic phase. Stable rates of hospitalization (OR0.57, 95% CI, 0.31,1.04, p = 0.068) and hypoglycemia (OR1.11, 95% CI, 0.83,1.49; p = 0.484) were noted. These results were retained in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Glycemic control in children with T1DM remained stable during the first year of the pandemic. There were more newly diagnosed patients during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic phase, and more of these new patients presented in DKA. The latter presentation was reduced in those with established diabetes during the same period.Further studies are needed to assess the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on T1DM care pathways and outcomes to allow children, families, and diabetes teams to personalize choices of care models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeesha Rajan
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Uma Athale
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Hematology Oncology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joycelyne Efua Ewusie
- The Research Institute Biostatistics Unit,St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karen McAssey
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- The Research Institute Biostatistics Unit,St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Evaluation of Medicines, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M. Constantine Samaan
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Mank I, De Neve JW, Mauti J, Gyengani GA, Somé PA, Shinde S, Fawzi W, Bärnighausen T, Vandormael A. Prevalence of Obesity and Anemia Among Early Adolescents in Junior Secondary Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:1081-1095. [PMID: 35989492 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The school presents an ideal environment to positively impact the long-term health and nutrition outcomes of early adolescents, who are at risk of obesity and anemia. METHODS In this cross-sectional survey, we described differences in weight and anemia by sociodemographic, diet and physical activity indicators among 1059 students aged 11 to 15 years from 22 junior secondary schools in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Weight was based on body mass index (BMI) z-scores according to the WHO reference and anemia status was defined by standardized hemoglobin (Hb) measure cut-offs. We calculated dietary diversity scores (DDS) from a 24-hour dietary recall and a global diet quality score (GDQS) from a 7-day dietary recall. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity (5%) and anemia (50%) was relatively high among the students, which differed significantly between gender, household wealth and school grade, but not age groups. Eighteen percent of the female adolescents were overweight or obese and 22% were moderately anemic compared to 13% and 16% of the male adolescents. Dietary diversity was significantly different between weight categories, but not anemia status. For physical activity, those taking transportation to school were significantly more likely to be overweight or obese. In adjusted multivariable Poisson regression analyses, only the DDS was significantly associated with thinness and both thinness and anemia, while taking transportation to school was significantly associated with overweight among adolescents. CONCLUSION We encourage the promotion of school-based interventions and provision of a curriculum on health and healthy eating in order to reduce obesity, anemia, and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mank
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, German Institute for Development Evaluation (DEval), Fritz-Schaeffer-Str. 26, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Jan-Walter De Neve
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joy Mauti
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Paul-André Somé
- Nanebor Consult Sarl, 06 BP 10518, Ouagadougou, 06, Burkina Faso
| | - Sachin Shinde
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Wafaie Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population/Department of Epidemiology/Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany/Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Africa Centre Building, Via R618 to Hlabisa, Somkhele, P.O. Box 198, Mtubatuba, 3935, South Africa
| | - Alain Vandormael
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tsolakis C, Cherouveim ED, Skouras AZ, Antonakis-Karamintzas D, Czvekus C, Halvatsiotis P, Savvidou O, Koulouvaris P. The Impact of Obesity on the Fitness Performance of School-Aged Children Living in Rural Areas-The West Attica Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811476. [PMID: 36141749 PMCID: PMC9517351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship of body mass index (BMI) with muscle and cardiorespiratory fitness in children living within rural areas (regional unit of West Attica) in Greece. Participants included 399 students (187 boys, 212 girls), ages 8-12 years old, and were evaluated in physical performance tests. The point prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.39% and 26.20% in boys, and 19.90% and 23.79% in girls. Significant differences were observed in all physical performance tests (handgrip, long jump, shuttle run, trunk flexors, and extensors endurance) between normal weight and obese participants. BMI was positively correlated with handgrip (r = 0.442-0.462, p < 0.001). There was a negative association with long jump (r = -0.206, p < 0.001), 20 m shuttle run (r = -0.394, p < 0.001), trunk flexors (r = -0.403, p < 0.001) and trunk extensors endurance (r = -0.280, p < 0.001). The regression analysis showed that 20-30% of the overall variation for physical performance assessments could be accounted for by BMI, age, and sex. With the exception of the long jump and the endurance of the trunk extensors, BMI alone may explain more than 10% of the outcome of most tests. This study highlights the determinant of BMI on muscle and cardiorespiratory fitness. The management of obesity should begin early in childhood to prevent adult chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charilaos Tsolakis
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-693-275-5173
| | - Evgenia D. Cherouveim
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zacharias Skouras
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Cara Czvekus
- Health Science, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Panagiotis Halvatsiotis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutic “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Savvidou
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Koulouvaris
- 1st Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
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Fatahi S, Sayyari AA, Salehi M, Safa M, Sohouli M, Shidfar F, Santos HO. The effects of chitosan supplementation on anthropometric indicators of obesity, lipid and glycemic profiles, and appetite-regulated hormones in adolescents with overweight or obesity: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:527. [PMID: 36064382 PMCID: PMC9442917 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chitosan is one of dietary fiber that has received great attention in improving obesity-related markers, but little is known on its effects on adolescents. Objectives To analyze the effects of chitosan supplementation on obesity-related cardiometabolic markers and appetite-related hormones in adolescents with overweight or obesity. Methods and analysis A randomized clinical trial was performed on 64 adolescents with overweight and obesity, who were randomly allocated to receive chitosan supplementation (n = 32) or placebo as control (n = 32) for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measures, lipid and glycemic profiles, and appetite-related hormones were examined. Results Sixty-one participants completed study (chitosan = 31, placebo = 30). Chitosan supplementation significantly improved anthropometric indicators of obesity (body weight: − 3.58 ± 2.17 kg, waist circumference: − 5.00 ± 3.11 cm, and body mass index: − 1.61 ± 0.99 kg/m2 and − 0.28 ± 0.19 Z-score), lipid (triglycerides: − 5.67 ± 9.24, total cholesterol: − 14.12 ± 13.34, LDL-C: − 7.18 ± 10.16, and HDL-C: 1.83 ± 4.64 mg/dL) and glycemic markers (insulin: − 5.51 ± 7.52 μIU/mL, fasting blood glucose: − 5.77 ± 6.93 mg/dL, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: − 0.24 ± 0.44), and appetite-related hormones (adiponectin: 1.69 ± 2.13 ng/dL, leptin − 19.40 ± 16.89, and neuropeptide Y: − 41.96 ± 79.34 ng/dL). When compared with the placebo group, chitosan supplementation had greater improvement in body weight, body mass index (kg/m2 and Z-score), waist circumference, as well as insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels. Differences were significant according to P-value < 0.05. Conclusion Chitosan supplementation can improve cardiometabolic parameters (anthropometric indicators of obesity and lipid and glycemic markers) and appetite-related hormones (adiponectin, leptin, and NPY) in adolescents with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Sayyari
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadhassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Li S, Wu B, Xiao Y, Wu J, Yang L, Yang C, Huang Z, Pan C, Li M, Yang Y, Tang B, Xie S, Wu X, Zheng S, Wang C, Hong T. Exploring the pathological relationships between adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma and contiguous structures with tumor origin. J Neurooncol 2022; 159:485-497. [PMID: 35939144 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identifying relationships between craniopharyngiomas (CPs) and contiguous structures, and tumor origin are crucial for treatments. This study attempted to explore the relationships and tumor origin. METHODS CPs that underwent endoscopic surgeries were enrolled. The interfacial specimens of CPs attaching the hypothalamus, pituitary stalk (PS), pituitary grand (PG), optic chiasma (OC) and brain tissue (BT) were pathologically examined. Boundaries between CPs and these structures were observed during operations. Expression of β-catenin and stem cell markers were analyzed to explore the tumor origin. Outcomes of patients were assessed. RESULTS A total of 34 CPs were categorized into two groups based on the locations of finger-like protrusions (FP). Group A comprised 18 CPs with FP only present in the specimens attaching to hypothalamus. The surface of these CPs was fused with hypothalamus under endoscopic videos. However, the specimens attaching to the PS, PG, OC, and BT showed no FP. Clear boundaries was observed between these CPs and these structures. Group B comprised 16 CPs with FP only present in the specimens attaching to PS. The tumor surface was fused with PS. Specimens attaching to the hypothalamus, PG, OC and BT showed no FP. Clear boundary was observed among these CPs with these structures. These results implied CPs only invaded a certain part of hypothalamic-pituitary axis. β-catenin and stem cells markers mainly distributed in the FP tissues of both groups. Patients in group B achieved better outcomes than group A. CONCLUSIONS CPs only invade the hypothalamic-pituitary axis with FP and the FP would be the tumor origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Bowen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yingqun Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Ninth Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, 330002, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chenxing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhongjian Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Chengbin Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Minde Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Youqing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shenhao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Suyue Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Chunliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Tan SB. Changes in neighborhood environments and the increasing socioeconomic gap in child obesity risks: Evidence from Singapore. Health Place 2022; 76:102860. [PMID: 35863272 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Most empirical research studying the link between neighborhood environments and child obesity risks are conducted in contexts such as the U.S., with pronounced patterns of residential segregation, making it difficult to extrapolate how far built environment characteristics contribute to socioeconomic disparities in obesity risks in less segregated contexts. Using a large national dataset of almost 625,000 students' height and weight data collected at ages 7, 11 and 14, between 2004 and 2015, this paper explores whether differences in eight neighborhood characteristics measuring access to different type of food outlets, parks and other active spaces, and public transport infrastructure might be responsible for socioeconomic differences in child obesity risks in Singapore, a city-state with relatively low levels of residential segregation. Through descriptive analyses we find that socioeconomic disparities in child BMIz in Singapore widened from 2004 onwards. However, while longitudinal regression models with individual and time fixed effects suggest that family socioeconomic status modified the relationship between environmental exposures and BMIz, there does not seem to be a clear, unequivocal relationship between built environment changes and the observed widening of the socioeconomic obesity gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Bin Tan
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, 469C Bukit Timah Rd, National University of Singapore, 259772, Singapore; Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Kater MJ, Werner A, Schlarb AA, Lohaus A. Stress reactivity in salivary cortisol and electrocardiogram in adolescents: Investigating sleep disturbances and insomnia. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13591. [PMID: 35843709 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the role of sleep disturbances and insomnia in the context of stress reactivity in adolescence. One-hundred and thirty-five 11-18 year olds (Mage = 14.2 years, SD = 1.9, 52% female) completed the Trier Social Stress Test for Children. Salivary cortisol and subjective stress ratings were collected at six time points, and heart rate as well as heart rate variability were measured pre-, during and post-stress induction. Additionally, sleep disturbances and insomnia diagnosis were assessed by a self-report questionnaire and a sleep interview. Robust mixed models investigated if adolescents with compared with adolescents without (a) sleep disturbances and (b) insomnia differ regarding cortisol, heart rate, heart rate variability and psychological stress reactivity considering gender effects. The results indicated that boys with high sleep disturbances showed higher cortisol activity compared with boys with low sleep disturbances, B = 0.88, p < 0.05. Moreover, in boys with insomnia, heart rate and alpha 1 significantly differ less than in boys without insomnia. These findings support the notion of sex differences regarding the association between poor sleep and increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and a less adaptable autonomic nervous system in boys in response to an experimental social stress task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren-Jo Kater
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anika Werner
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Angelika A Schlarb
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy of Children and Adolescents, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Arnold Lohaus
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Akhtar TN, McGibbon E. Blindspot in the evidence base: A systematic review of psychological interventions for children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities and co-occurring obesity. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 126:104240. [PMID: 35500443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (C&A-ID) face many disadvantages in healthcare research and service delivery. Intellectual disabilities have been found to precipitate weight-related problems, and together, they may be indicators of rare genetic diseases (RGDs). C&A-ID may require support for health problems exacerbated by primary diagnoses. While it is generally agreed that C&A-ID have more complex needs than typically developing individuals, psychological services to address these needs are under-explored. AIMS This systematic review aimed to identify psychological interventions for weight management in C&A-ID. METHOD MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library and SCOPUS were systematically searched. Data extraction and quality appraisal were performed for all eligible studies RESULTS: The search strategy yielded seven studies published in English between 2010 and 2022. All interventions addressed obesity through multi-disciplinary programmes and resulted in weight reductions, with most interventions theoretically influenced by principles of behaviourism. Quality appraisal revealed methodological weaknesses in six of seven studies, such as heterogeneity in samples, interventions, and outcome measures, disallowing meta-analyses and weakening the generalisability of interventions to diverse contexts and groups CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: A genuine disconnect between empirical evidence and services for C&A with complex needs was observed. This emphasises an urgency for increased inclusion in clinical and behavioural research and for robust enquiries to test/adapt psychological interventions for weight management for C&A-ID. The findings of this review hold clinical utility for clinicians working with C&A-ID, and with RGDs such as Bardet-Biedl, Prader-Willi and Down syndromes. Recommendations and a conceptual framework are provided herein for enhanced efficacy of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Nadeem Akhtar
- The Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma McGibbon
- Wolfson Neurodisability Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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Licenziati MR, Ballarin G, Iannuzzo G, Lonardo MS, Di Vincenzo O, Iannuzzi A, Valerio G. A height-weight formula to measure body fat in childhood obesity. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:106. [PMID: 35729585 PMCID: PMC9210685 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The assessment of body composition is central in diagnosis and treatment of paediatric obesity, but a criterion method is not feasible in clinical practice. Even the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is limited in children. Body mass index (BMI) Z-score is frequently used as a proxy index of body composition, but it does not discriminate between fat mass and fat-free mass. We aimed to assess the extent to which fat mass and percentage of body fat estimated by a height-weight equation agreed with a BIA equation in youths with obesity from South Italy. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between BMI Z-score and fat mass or percentage of body mass estimated by these two models. Methods One-hundred-seventy-four youths with obesity (52.3% males, mean age 10.8 ± 1.9) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Fat mass and percentage of body fat were calculated according to a height-weight based prediction model and to a BIA prediction model. Results According to Bland–Altman statistics, mean differences were relatively small for both fat mass (+ 0.65 kg) and percentage of body fat (+ 1.27%) with an overestimation at lower mean values; the majority of values fell within the limits of agreement. BMI Z-score was significantly associated with both fat mass and percentage of body fat, regardless of the method, but the strength of correlation was higher when the height-weight equation was considered (r = 0.82; p < 0.001). Conclusions This formula may serve as surrogate for body fat estimation when instrumental tools are not available. Dealing with changes of body fat instead of BMI Z-score may help children and parents to focus on diet for health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13052-022-01285-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Licenziati
- Department of Neurosciences, Obesity and Endocrine Disease Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giada Ballarin
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Lonardo
- Department of Neurosciences, Obesity and Endocrine Disease Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Olivia Di Vincenzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Iannuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.
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Learning from missing data: examining nonreporting patterns of height, weight, and BMI among Canadian youth. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1598-1607. [PMID: 35650253 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth body mass index (BMI), derived from self-reported height and weight, is commonly prone to nonreporting. A considerable proportion of overweight and obesity (OWOB) research relies on such self-report data, however little literature to date has examined this nonreporting and the potential impact on research conclusions. The objective of this study was to examine the characteristics and predictors of missing data in youth BMI, height, and weight. METHODS Using a sample of 74,501 Canadian secondary school students who participated in the COMPASS study in 2018/19, sex-stratified generalized linear mixed models were run to examine predictors of missing data while controlling for school-level clustering. RESULTS In this sample, 31% of BMI data were missing. A variety of diet, exercise, mental health, and substance use variables were associated with BMI, height, and weight missingness. Perceptions of being overweight (females: 95% CI (1.42,1.62), males: 95% CI (1.71,2.00)) as well as intentions to lose weight (females: 95% CI (1.17,1.33), males: 95% CI (1.13,1.32)) were positively associated with BMI missingness. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that nonreporting in youth height and weight is likely somewhat related to the values themselves, and hint that social desirability may play a substantial role in nonreporting. The predictors of missingness identified in this study can be used to inform future studies on the potential bias stemming from missing data and identify auxiliary variables that may be used for multiple imputation approaches.
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Bélanger V, Napartuk M, Bouchard I, Meloche C, Curnier D, Sultan S, Laverdière C, Sinnett D, Marcil V. Cardiometabolic Health After Pediatric Cancer Treatment: Adolescents Are More Affected than Children. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3236-3252. [PMID: 35533005 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2072908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed at comparing the cardiometabolic (CM) health of children and adolescents and identifying factors associated with CM complications shortly after cancer treatment. Cancer-related characteristics, blood pressure (BP), anthropometry, and biochemical parameters were collected in 80 patients (56.3% female, mean age: 11.8 years; range: 4.5 - 21.0) a mean of 1.4 years following therapy completion. Compared to children, adolescents had higher mean z-score of insulin (-0.47 vs. 0.20; P = 0.01), HOMA-IR (-0.40 vs. 0.25; P = 0.02), waist-to-height ratio (0.36 vs. 0.84; P = 0.01), subscapular skinfold thickness (-0.19 vs. 0.47; P = 0.02), total body fat (-1.43 vs. 0.26; P < 0.01), and lower mean z-score of HDL-C (0.07 vs. -0.53; P < 0.01). Adolescents were more likely to have high BP (42% vs. 15%; P < 0.01), dyslipidemia (64% vs. 15%; P < 0.001), and cumulating ≥ 2 CM complications (42% vs. 2%; P < 0.001) than children. Adiposity indices (z-scores) were associated with high BP [odds ratio (OR) ranging from 2.11 to 4.09] and dyslipidemia (OR ranging from 2.06 to 4.34). These results suggest that adolescents have a worse CM profile than children shortly after therapy and that adiposity parameters are associated with CM complications, highliting the importance to develop intervention strategies targeting this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bélanger
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Napartuk
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bouchard
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Meloche
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Curnier
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, University de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Sultan
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Perenc L, Guzik A, Podgórska-Bednarz J, Drużbicki M. Somatic Development Disorders in Children and Adolescents Affected by Syndromes and Diseases Associated with Neurodysfunction and Hydrocephalus Treated/Untreated Surgically. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095712. [PMID: 35565107 PMCID: PMC9105737 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the co-occurrence of hydrocephalus treated/untreated surgically and congenital nervous system disorders or neurological syndromes with symptoms visible since childhood, and with somatic development disorders, based on significant data obtained during admission to a neurological rehabilitation unit for children and adolescents. Methods: The study applied a retrospective analysis of data collected during hospitalization of 327 children and adolescents, aged 4−18 years, all presenting congenital disorders of the nervous system and/or neurological syndromes associated with at least one neurodysfunction that existed from early childhood. To allow the identification of individuals with somatic development disorders in the group of children and adolescents with hydrocephalus treated/untreated surgically, the adopted criteria considered the z-score values for body height, body weight, head circumference, body mass index, and head circumference index. Results: Treated/untreated hydrocephalus was observed in the study group at the rates of 8% and 0.9%, respectively. Among 239 patients with cerebral palsy, 9 (3.8%) had surgically treated hydrocephalus, 17 (70.8%) of 24 patients with neural tube defects also had hydrocephalus treated with surgery, and 3 (12.5%) of 24 patients with neural tube defects had untreated hydrocephalus. This medical condition was a more frequent comorbidity in subjects with neural tube defects compared with those with cerebral palsy (p < 0.001). Subjects with untreated hydrocephalus most frequently presented macrocephaly (p < 0.001), including absolute macrocephaly (p = 0.001), and with tall stature (p = 0.007). Excessive body mass co-occurred more frequently with surgically untreated hydrocephalus, but the relationship was not statistically significant (p = 0.098). Conclusions: Surgically treated hydrocephalus occurred in patients with cerebral palsy and neural tube defects, and untreated hydrocephalus was present only in patients with neural tube defects. Untreated hydrocephalus negatively changed the course of individual development in the studied group of children, in contrast to surgically treated hydrocephalus.
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Merchant TE, Edmonston DY, Wu S, Li Y, Boop FA, Lustig RH. Endocrine outcomes after limited surgery and conformal photon radiation therapy for pediatric craniopharyngioma: Long-term results from the RT1 protocol. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:2210-2220. [PMID: 35481829 PMCID: PMC9713512 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate the incidence of endocrinopathy in children and adolescents with craniopharyngioma after treatment with photon-based conformal and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (CRT). METHODS One hundred one pediatric patients were enrolled on a phase II single-institution protocol beginning in 1998 (n = 76) or followed a similar non-protocol treatment plan (n = 25). Surgery was individualized. CRT (54 Gy) was administered using a 1.0-cm or ≤0.5-cm clinical target volume margin. Patients underwent baseline and serial evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. RESULTS The 10-year cumulative incidence (CI) of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) was 68.42% (±11.27) for black patients and 94.23% (±3.57) for white patients (P = .0286). The CI of thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency (TSHD) was 70.94% (±8.44) at 10 years for non-shunted patients and 91.67% (±10.40) at 6 years for shunted patients (P = .0260). The CI of TSHD was 100% (±14.29) at 4 years for those with diabetes insipidus (DI) and 71.36% (±8.86) at 10 years for those without DI (P = .0008). The 10-year CI of adrenocortical hormone deficiency was 70.00% (±16.15) for those with DI and 48.39% (±9.19) for those without DI (P = .0080). The 10-year CI of LH/FSH deficiency was 43.33% (±9.32) age <7 years, 61.29% (±9.11) aged 7-10 years, and 78.95% (±6.38) age ≥10 years (P < .0001). BMI was significantly greater prior to CRT in white patients with DI (P = .0004) and preexisting GHD (P = .0275). CONCLUSIONS Hormone deficiencies are common in pediatric patients with craniopharyngioma and are associated with host, tumor, and treatment factors. Understanding the incidence and time to onset may facilitate intervention and patient selection for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Merchant
- Corresponding Author: Thomas E. Merchant, DO, PhD, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 210, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA ()
| | - Drucilla Y Edmonston
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shengjie Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Frederick A Boop
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Barceló A, Morell-Garcia D, Ribot C, De la Peña M, Peña-Zarza JA, Alonso-Fernández A, Giménez P, Piérola J. Vitamin D as a biomarker of health in snoring children: a familial aggregation study. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1176-1181. [PMID: 34103676 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypovitaminosis D is a common health problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and paternal and maternal vitamin D status in a sample of snoring children. METHODS We selected 137 participants for whom serum 25(OH)D had been measured and underwent overnight polysomnography evaluation. Serum glucose, lipids, liver enzymes, parathyroid hormone, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin were also measured. Glucose and insulin levels were used to estimate insulin resistance with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Vitamin D insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) and deficiency (<20 ng/mL) were found in 40.9 and 17.5% of children, respectively. After adjustments for age, BMI z-score and seasonality, the odds ratio for risk of vitamin D insufficiency according to the vitamin D status of parents were: OR (95% CI): paternal insufficiency 15.1 (2.7-35.7), p = 0.002; maternal insufficiency 7.2 (2.4-22), p = 0.001. When children with vitamin D deficiency were analyzed separately, serum 25(OH)D concentration was found to be associated with the apnea-hypopnea index (r = -0.647, p = 0.009) and respiratory arousal index (r = -0.669, p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Family patterns of vitamin D could be helpful for the early identification of children at risk of metabolic and/or sleep disturbances and when considering strategies to improve vitamin D status. IMPACT Family patterns of vitamin D could be helpful for the early identification of snoring children at risk of metabolic and/or sleep disturbances. Significant associations were found between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in children and their parents. An inverse association between 25(OH)D levels and OSA severity was detected in deficient vitamin D children. Children with insufficient and deficient vitamin D status tended to have a worse metabolic profile, so strategies are needed to improve vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Barceló
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes) (CB06/06), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Morell-Garcia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Caterina Ribot
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Peña
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes) (CB06/06), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Antonio Peña-Zarza
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alberto Alonso-Fernández
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes) (CB06/06), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Paloma Giménez
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Javier Piérola
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Design of a clinical trial to isolate the experience of food insecurity and elucidate the biological mechanisms of risk for childhood health outcomes. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 117:106751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cuda SE, Censani M. Assessment, differential diagnosis, and initial clinical evaluation of the pediatric patient with obesity: An Obesity Medical Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 1:100010. [PMID: 37990703 PMCID: PMC10662031 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The Obesity Medical Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on the assessment, differential diagnosis, and initial clinical evaluation of pediatric patients with obesity is intended to provide clinicians with an overview of clinical practices applicable to children and adolescents with body mass indexes greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for their ages, particularly those with adverse consequences resulting from increased body mass. The information in this CPS is based on scientific evidence, supported by the medical literature, and derived from the clinical experiences of members of the OMA. Methods The scientific information and clinical guidance in this CPS is based upon referenced evidence and derived from the clinical perspectives of the authors. Results This OMA Clinical Practice Statement on assessment, differential diagnosis, and initial clinical evaluation of pediatric patients with obesity provides clinical information regarding classification of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity, differential diagnoses to consider, and a roadmap for the initial clinical evaluation. Conclusions This OMA Clinical Practice Statement on assessment, differential diagnosis, and initial clinical evaluation of pediatric patients with obesity is an overview of current recommendations. Assessment of pediatric patients with obesity is the first step in determining treatments leading to the improvement of the health of children and adolescents with obesity, especially those with metabolic, physiological, and psychological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E. Cuda
- Alamo City Healthy Kids and Families, 1919 Oakwell Farms Parkway, Ste 145, San Antonio, TX, 78218, USA
| | - Marisa Censani
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology; New York, NY, USA
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Translation and validation of the Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17) in French-speaking Canadian children and adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:543-553. [PMID: 34503600 PMCID: PMC9991566 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002100392x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To translate and validate the Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17), assessing cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE) and emotional eating (EE), among French-speaking Canadian young individuals. DESIGN Phase 1 comprised a translation and the evaluation of the comprehension of the questionnaire. Phase 2 comprised a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the evaluation of internal consistency (Cronbach's α), test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC)) and construct validity, including correlations among the CTFEQr17 and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), anthropometrics, dietary intake and diet quality. SETTING Primary and secondary schools, Québec City, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Phases 1 and 2 included 20 (40 % boys, mean age 11·5 (sd 2·4) years) and 145 (48 % boys, mean age 11·0 (sd 1·9) years) participants, respectively. RESULTS Phase 1 resulted in the questionnaire to be used in Phase 2. In Phase 2, the CFA revealed that the seventeen item, three-factor model (CTFEQr17) provided an excellent fit. Internal consistency was good (Cronbach's α: 0·81-0·90). Test-retest reliability was moderate to good (ICC = 0·59, (95 % CI 0·48, 0·70), ICC = 0·78, (95 % CI 0·70, 0·84), ICC = 0·50, (95 % CI 0·38, 0·62) for CR, UE and EE, respectively). CR correlated with EAT-26 score (r = 0·43, P < 0·0001). UE and EE correlated negatively with BMI Z-scores (r = -0;·26, P = 0·003; r = -0;·19, P = 0·03, respectively). CR correlated with the proportion of energy intake from protein and diet quality (r = 0·18, P = 0·04; r = 0·20, P = 0·02, respectively). CONCLUSION The CTFEQr17 is suitable to use among French-speaking Canadian young individuals.
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Bélanger V, Delorme J, Napartuk M, Bouchard I, Meloche C, Curnier D, Sultan S, Laverdière C, Sinnett D, Marcil V. Early Nutritional Intervention to Promote Healthy Eating Habits in Pediatric Oncology: A Feasibility Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051024. [PMID: 35267999 PMCID: PMC8912879 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to describe the feasibility of a nutritional intervention that promotes healthy eating habits early after cancer pediatric diagnosis in patients and their parents. Participants were recruited 4 to 12 weeks after cancer diagnosis as part of the VIE study. The one-year nutritional intervention included an initial evaluation and 6 follow-up visits every 2 months with a registered dietician. The feasibility assessment included rates of retention, participation, attendance, completion of study measures, and participants' engagement. A preliminary evaluation of the intervention's impact on the participants' dietary intakes was conducted. A total of 62 participants were included in the study (51.6% male, mean age = 8.5 years, mean time since diagnosis = 13.2 weeks). The retention and attendance rates were 72.6% and 71.3%, respectively. Attendance to follow-up visits declined over time, from 83.9% to 48.9%. A majority of participants had high participation (50.8%) and high engagement (56.4%). Measures of body-mass-index or weight-for-length ratio and dietary 24-h recalls were the procedures with the highest completion rates. Participants with refractory disease or relapse were less likely to complete the intervention. Post-intervention, participants (n = 21) had a lower sodium intake compared to the initial evaluation. These results suggest that a nutritional intervention that involves patients and parents early after a pediatric cancer diagnosis is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bélanger
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (V.B.); (J.D.); (M.N.)
- Research Centr, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (I.B.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (S.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Josianne Delorme
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (V.B.); (J.D.); (M.N.)
- Research Centr, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (I.B.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (S.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Mélanie Napartuk
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (V.B.); (J.D.); (M.N.)
- Research Centr, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (I.B.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (S.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Isabelle Bouchard
- Research Centr, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (I.B.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (S.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Caroline Meloche
- Research Centr, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (I.B.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (S.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniel Curnier
- Research Centr, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (I.B.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (S.S.); (D.S.)
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Serge Sultan
- Research Centr, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (I.B.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (S.S.); (D.S.)
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Research Centr, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (I.B.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (S.S.); (D.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (V.B.); (J.D.); (M.N.)
- Research Centr, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (I.B.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (S.S.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-345-4931 (ext. 3272)
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Effects of Exercise on Nutritional Status in People with Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050933. [PMID: 35267909 PMCID: PMC8912872 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise is an important part of regular care for people with cystic fibrosis (CF). It is unknown whether such exercise has beneficial or detrimental effects on nutritional status (body composition). Thus, the objective of this review was to evaluate the effect of exercise on measures of nutritional status in children and adults with CF. METHODS Standardized reporting guidelines for systematic reviews were followed and the protocol was prospectively registered. Multiple databases were utilized (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, and CINHAL). Two reviewers independently reviewed titles/abstracts and then the full text for selected studies. RESULTS In total, 924 articles were originally identified; data were extracted from 4 eligible studies. These four studies included only children; pulmonary function ranged from severe to normal, and the majority of participants were at or below their recommended weight. Exercise training did not worsen nutritional status in any study; two studies that included resistance exercise reported an increase in fat-free mass. Three of the four studies also reported increased aerobic capacity and/or muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training can produce positive physiologic changes in children with CF without impairing their nutritional status. In fact, resistance exercise can help improve body mass. Much less is known about how exercise may affect adults or those who are overweight.
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Development and Validation of Clinical Diagnostic Model for Girls with Central Precocious Puberty: Machine-learning Approaches. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261965. [PMID: 35061754 PMCID: PMC8782515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A brief gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) stimulation test which solely focused on LH 30-minute post-stimulation was considered to identify girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). However, it was tested using traditional statistical methods. With advanced computer science, we aimed to develop a machine learning-based diagnostic model that processed baseline CPP-related variables and a brief GnRHa stimulation test for CPP diagnosis. METHODS We recruited girls suspected of precocious puberty and underwent a GnRHa stimulation test at Children Hospital 2, Vietnam, and Cathay General Hospital, Taiwan. Clinical data, bone age measurement, and 30-min post-stimulation blood test were used to build up the predictive model. The candidate model was developed by different machine learning algorithms that were mainly evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), and F1-score in internal and external validation data to classify girls as CPP and non-CPP at different time-points (0-min, 30-min, 60-min, and 120-min post-stimulation). RESULTS Among the 614 girls diagnosed with PP, 524 (85.3%) had CPP. The random forest algorithm yielded the highest value of F1-score (0.976), specificity (0.893), positive predicted value (0.987), and relatively high value of AUC (0.972) that contributed to high probability to identify CPP. The performance metrics of the 30-min post-stimulation diagnostic model including sensitivity and specificity surpassed those of the 0-minute model (0-min) and were equivalent to those of the model obtained 60-min and 120-min post-stimulation. Hence, our machine learning-based model helps shorten the stimulation test to 30 minutes after GnRHa injection, in general, it requires 120 minutes for a completed GnRHa stimulation test. CONCLUSIONS We developed a diagnostic model based on clinical features and a single sample 30-minute post-stimulation to identify CPP in girls that can reduce distress for children caused by multiple blood samplings.
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Individual Circadian Preference, Eating Disorders and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Dangerous Liaison? A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9020167. [PMID: 35204888 PMCID: PMC8870066 DOI: 10.3390/children9020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and other eating disorders are an actual public health problem, especially in childhood and adolescents, and could be also related with chronotype. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the relationship between eating disorders, obesity and the different chronotypes in children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic review of observational studies evaluating young populations dealing with and evaluating chronotype was conducted. Electronic searches were performed in six international databases. A qualitative thematic-categorical analysis was carried out and a random-effects model was used for the quantitative analysis (meta-analysis). RESULTS Fifteen studies were included, but quantitative analysis was only carried out in three of them. Children and adolescents with an evening chronotype had higher body mass index, consumed more junk food or were more predisposed to suffer from food addiction and night eating syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with evening chronotype had higher tendency to incorrect eating behaviors and were suffering from overweight/obesity. Environment but also lifestyle factors should be considered in the association between chronotype and eating disorders and obesity.
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Banull NR, Reich PJ, Anka C, May J, Wharton K, Kallogjeri D, Shimony H, Arbeláez AM. Association between Endocrine Disorders and Severe COVID-19 Disease in Pediatric Patients. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 95:331-338. [PMID: 35417912 PMCID: PMC9393781 DOI: 10.1159/000524595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Though severe illness due to COVID-19 is uncommon in children, there is an urgent need to better determine the risk factors for disease severity in youth. This study aims to determine the impact a preexisting endocrine diagnosis has on severity of COVID-19 presentation in youth. METHODS The cross-sectional chart review study included all patients less than 25 years old with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR at St. Louis Children's Hospital between March 2020 and February 2021. Electronic medical record data for analysis included patient demographics, BMI percentile, inpatient hospitalization or admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and the presence of a preexisting endocrine diagnosis such as diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2), adrenal insufficiency, and hypothyroidism. Two outcome measures were analyzed in multivariate analysis: inpatient admission and PICU admission. Adjusted odds ratios with a 95% CI were calculated using binary logistic regression, along with p values after Wald χ2 analysis. RESULTS 390 patients were included in the study. Mean age was 123.1 (±82.2) months old. 50.3% of patients were hospitalized, and 12.1% of patients were admitted to intensive care. Preexisting diagnoses of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypothyroidism were associated with an increased risk of hospital and ICU admission, independent of socioeconomic status. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that unvaccinated youth with a preexisting diagnosis of obesity, hypothyroidism, or diabetes mellitus infected with COVID-19 are more likely to have a more severe clinical presentation requiring inpatient hospital admission and/or intensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Banull
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA,
| | - Patrick J Reich
- Pediatric Infectious Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carine Anka
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer May
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kathleen Wharton
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dorina Kallogjeri
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hope Shimony
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ana María Arbeláez
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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