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Li P, Miyamoto D, Huang Y, Adachi T, Hidaka M, Hara T, Soyama A, Matsushima H, Imamura H, Kanetaka K, Gu W, Eguchi S. Three-dimensional human bile duct formation from chemically induced human liver progenitor cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1249769. [PMID: 37671190 PMCID: PMC10475568 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1249769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The intrahepatic bile ducts (BDs) play an important role in the modification and transport of bile, and the integration between the BD and hepatocytes is the basis of the liver function. However, the lack of a source of cholangiocytes limits in vitro research. The aim of the present study was to establish three-dimensional BDs combined with human mature hepatocytes (hMHs) in vitro using chemically induced human liver progenitor cells (hCLiPs) derived from hMHs. Methods: In this study, we formed functional BDs from hCLiPs using hepatocyte growth factor and extracellular matrix. BDs expressed the typical biliary markers CK-7, GGT1, CFTR and EpCAM and were able to transport the bile-like substance rhodamine 123 into the lumen. The established three-dimensional BDs were cocultured with hMHs. These cells were able to bind to the BDs, and the bile acid analog CLF was transported from the culture medium through the hMHs and accumulated in the lumen of the BDs. The BDs generated from the hCLiPs showed a BD function and a physiological system (e.g., the transport of bile within the liver) when they were connected to the hMHs. Conclusion: We present a novel in vitro three-dimensional BD combined with hMHs for study, drug screening and the therapeutic modulation of the cholangiocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Li
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daisuke Miyamoto
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tomohiko Adachi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hidaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takanobu Hara
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Soyama
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsushima
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hajime Imamura
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kengo Kanetaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Weili Gu
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Tao K, Bai X, Ji P, Zhang Y, Cao T, Han F, Zhang Z, Guan H, Hu D. A composite of hepatocyte growth factor and 5α-dihydrotestosterone-gelatin microspheres with adipose-derived stem cells enhances wound healing. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 35:206-214. [PMID: 35439758 DOI: 10.1159/000524188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reconstructing sebaceous glands is one goal of functionally healing patients who have suffered severe burns, instead of the simple pursuit of wound closure. Effective regeneration of skin appendages remains a challenge in skin wound management and research. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the differentiation of ADSC into sebaceous glands, and clarified the involvement of HGF and 5α-DHT in this process. METHODS This study used hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)- and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT)-gelatin microspheres to treat human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and investigated the reconstruction of sebaceous glands. HGF- and 5α-DHT-gelatin microspheres were constructed using microcapsule slow-release technology. Mice full-thickness skin-wound model was established to evaluate wound healing and hematoxylin-eosin staining was utilized to determine the skin structure. RESULTS In vitro analyses found that HGF- and 5α-DHT-gelatin microspheres promoted migration of and tube formation by ADSCs. Furthermore, AKT/ERK signaling, which is related to sebocyte and sweat gland epithelial cell growth, were activated after HGF and 5α-DHT treatment. An in vivo wound healing model demonstrated that ADSCs primed with amnion-loaded HGF- and 5α-DHT-gelatin microspheres promoted wound healing and increased sebaceous gland formation compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the efficacy of ADSCs treated with amnion and HGF- and 5α-DHT-gelatin microspheres in accelerating wound healing and effectively restoring sebaceous glands. This engineered tissue provides insight into and a novel therapeutic material for burns and full-thickness skin wounds.¬¬.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tao
- Department of Burn Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaozhi Bai
- Department of Burn Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Burn Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Cao
- Department of Burn Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fu Han
- Department of Burn Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Department of Burn Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burn Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Louis F, Sowa Y, Kitano S, Matsusaki M. High-throughput drug screening models of mature adipose tissues which replicate the physiology of patients' Body Mass Index (BMI). Bioact Mater 2022; 7:227-241. [PMID: 34466729 PMCID: PMC8379425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex and incompletely understood disease, but current drug screening strategies mostly rely on immature in vitro adipose models which cannot recapitulate it properly. To address this issue, we developed a statistically validated high-throughput screening model by seeding human mature adipocytes from patients, encapsulated in physiological collagen microfibers. These drop tissues ensured the maintenance of adipocyte viability and functionality for controlling glucose and fatty acids uptake, as well as glycerol release. As such, patients' BMI and insulin sensitivity displayed a strong inverse correlation: the healthy adipocytes were associated with the highest insulin-induced glucose uptake, while insulin resistance was confirmed in the underweight and severely obese adipocytes. Insulin sensitivity recovery was possible with two type 2 diabetes treatments, rosiglitazone and melatonin. Finally, the addition of blood vasculature to the model seemed to more accurately recapitulate the in vivo physiology, with particular respect to leptin secretion metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Louis
- Osaka University, Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kamigyo-ku Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Corresponding author. Kyoto, 602-8566, Kamigyo-ku Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Japan.
| | - Shiro Kitano
- Osaka University, Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- TOPPAN PRINTING CO., LTD., Technical Research Institute, 4-2-3 Takanodaiminami, Sugito-machi, Saitama, 345-8508, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Osaka University, Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Corresponding author. Osaka, 565-0871, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan.
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Omics Approaches in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Addressing the Role of Extracellular Matrix in Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052756. [PMID: 33803198 PMCID: PMC7963192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling plays important roles in both white adipose tissue (WAT) and the skeletal muscle (SM) metabolism. Excessive adipocyte hypertrophy causes fibrosis, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction in adipose tissue, as well as impaired adipogenesis. Similarly, disturbed ECM remodeling in SM has metabolic consequences such as decreased insulin sensitivity. Most of described ECM molecular alterations have been associated with DNA sequence variation, alterations in gene expression patterns, and epigenetic modifications. Among others, the most important epigenetic mechanism by which cells are able to modulate their gene expression is DNA methylation. Epigenome-Wide Association Studies (EWAS) have become a powerful approach to identify DNA methylation variation associated with biological traits in humans. Likewise, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and gene expression microarrays have allowed the study of whole-genome genetics and transcriptomics patterns in obesity and metabolic diseases. The aim of this review is to explore the molecular basis of ECM in WAT and SM remodeling in obesity and the consequences of metabolic complications. For that purpose, we reviewed scientific literature including all omics approaches reporting genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic (GWAS, EWAS, and RNA-seq or cDNA arrays) ECM-related alterations in WAT and SM as associated with metabolic dysfunction and obesity.
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Shin SS, Yoon M. Regulation of Obesity by Antiangiogenic Herbal Medicines. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194549. [PMID: 33020443 PMCID: PMC7582783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the result of an energy imbalance caused by an increased ratio of caloric intake to energy expenditure. In conjunction with obesity, related metabolic disorders, such as dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes, have become global health problems. Obesity progression is thought to be associated with angiogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Angiogenesis occurs in growing adult adipose tissues, which are similar to neoplastic tissues. Adipose tissue is highly vascularized, and each adipocyte is nourished by an extensive capillary network. Adipocytes produce proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A and fibroblast growth factor 2, which promote neovascularization within the adipose tissue. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-2 and MMP-9, play important roles in adipose tissue development and microvessel maturation by modifying the ECM. Thus, modulation of angiogenesis and MMP activity provides a promising therapeutic approach for controlling human obesity and its related disorders. Over the past decade, there has been a great increase in the use of alternative treatments, such as herbal remedies, for these diseases. This review will focus on the role of angiogenesis in adipose tissue growth and the regulation of obesity by antiangiogenic herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Shik Shin
- Department of Formula Sciences, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea;
| | - Michung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +8242-829-7581; Fax: 8242-829-7580
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Lemoine AY, Ledoux S, Larger E. Adipose tissue angiogenesis in obesity. Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:661-8. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-01-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
summaryAdipose tissue is the most plastic tissue in all multicellular organisms, being constantly remodelled along with weight gain and weight loss. Expansion of adipose tissue must be accompanied by that of its vascularisation, through processes of angiogenesis, whereas weight loss is associated with the regression of blood vessels. Adipose tissue is thus among the tissues that have the highest angiogenic capacities. These changes of the vascular bed occur through close interactions of adipocytes with blood vessels, and involve several angiogenic factors. This review presents studies that are the basis of our understanding of the regulation of adipose tissue angiogenesis. The growth factors that are involved in the processes of angiogenesis and vascular regression are discussed with a focus on their potential modulation for the treatment of obesity. The hypothesis that inflammation of adipose tissue and insulin resistance could be related to altered angiogenesis in adipose tissue is presented, as well as the beneficial or deleterious effect of inhibition of adipose tissue angiogenesis on metabolic diseases.
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Duong MN, Geneste A, Fallone F, Li X, Dumontet C, Muller C. The fat and the bad: Mature adipocytes, key actors in tumor progression and resistance. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57622-57641. [PMID: 28915700 PMCID: PMC5593672 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has raised the important roles of adipocytes as an active player in the tumor microenvironment. In many tumors adipocytes are in close contact with cancer cells. They secrete various factors that can mediate local and systemic effects. The adipocyte-cancer cell crosstalk leads to phenotypical and functional changes of both cell types, which can further enhance tumor progression. Moreover, obesity, which is associated with an increase in adipose mass and an alteration of adipose tissue, has been established as a risk factor for cancer incidence and cancer-related mortality. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of the adipocyte-cancer cell crosstalk in both obese and lean conditions as well as its impact on cancer cell growth, local invasion, metastatic spread and resistance to treatments. Better characterization of cancer-associated adipocytes and the key molecular events in the adipocyte-cancer cell crosstalk will provide insights into tumor biology and suggest efficient therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Ngoc Duong
- Department of Oncology/CHUV-UNIL, Biopole 3, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Aline Geneste
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Frederique Fallone
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Xia Li
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Muller
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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8
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Bougaret L, Delort L, Billard H, Lequeux C, Goncalves-Mendes N, Mojallal A, Damour O, Vasson MP, Caldefie-Chezet F. Supernatants of Adipocytes From Obese Versus Normal Weight Women and Breast Cancer Cells: In Vitro Impact on Angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1808-1816. [PMID: 27886379 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is correlated with a higher risk of metastasis in obese postmenopausal women. Adipokines, whose plasma concentrations are modulated in obese subjects and adipocytes surround mammary cells, suggesting that adipocyte secretome affect mammary tumorogenesis. We hypothesize that mature adipocyte secretions from obese women conditioned or not by breast neoplasic cells, increase changes on the angiogenesis stages. Supernatants of human mature adipocytes, differentiated from stem cells of either adipose tissue of normal weight (MA20) or obese (MA30) women or obtained from co-cultures between MA20 and MA30 and breast cancer cell line MCF-7, were collected. The impact of these supernatants was investigated on proliferation, migration, and tube formation by endothelial cells (HUVEC). MA20 and MA30 showed a preservation of their "metabolic memory" (increase of Leptin, ObR, VEGF, CYP19A1, and a decrease of Adiponectin expression in MA30 compared to MA20). Supernatants from obese-adipocytes increased HUVEC proliferation, migration, and sprouting like with supernatants obtained from co-cultures of MA/MCF-7 regardless the women's BMI. Additional analyses such as the use of neutralizing antibodies, analysis of supernatants (Milliplex®) and variations in gene expression (qRT-PCR), strongly suggest an implication of IL-6, or a synergistic action among adipokines, probably associated with that of VEGF or IL-6. As a conclusion, supernatants from co-cultures of MA30 and MCF-7 cells increase proliferation, migration, and sprouting of HUVEC cells. These results provide insights into the interaction between adipocytes and epithelial cancer cells, particularly in case of obesity. The identification of synergistic action of adipokines would therefore be a great interest in developing preventive strategies. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1808-1816, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Bougaret
- UMR1019-INRA-UdA, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, UFR Pharmacie, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laetitia Delort
- UMR1019-INRA-UdA, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, UFR Pharmacie, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hermine Billard
- UMR1019-INRA-UdA, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, UFR Pharmacie, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Nicolas Goncalves-Mendes
- UMR1019-INRA-UdA, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, UFR Pharmacie, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ali Mojallal
- Service de Chirurgie Plastique, Reconstructrice et Esthétique, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon, France
| | | | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- UMR1019-INRA-UdA, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, UFR Pharmacie, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre Anti-Cancéreux Jean-Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Cancéropôle Lyon Auvergne Rhône-Alpes (CLARA), Lyon, France
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- UMR1019-INRA-UdA, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, UFR Pharmacie, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Cancéropôle Lyon Auvergne Rhône-Alpes (CLARA), Lyon, France
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9
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Hsueh YS, Chen YS, Tai HC, Mestak O, Chao SC, Chen YY, Shih Y, Lin JF, Shieh MJ, Lin FH. Laminin-Alginate Beads as Preadipocyte Carriers to Enhance Adipogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 23:185-194. [PMID: 27814669 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of autologous fat grafting in breast reconstruction still requires optimization. Fat survival and calcification are the main issues that affect the outcomes of the procedure. In this study, a cell-based therapy utilizing laminin-alginate beads (LABs) as carriers was proposed to promote cell survival and adipogenesis by providing short-term physical support and facilitate nutrient diffusion of the implants. Laminin-modified alginate beads were fabricated by immobilizing laminin onto ring-opened alginate, used to encapsulate 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. LABs as preadipocyte carriers showed better biocompatibility and stability than unmodified alginate beads. Preadipocytes in LABs had higher survival rate and enhanced adipogenesis than those in unmodified alginate beads. In vivo studies showed that LABs gradually degraded and the sites were replaced by newly formed fat tissues, and new blood vessels were also observed. 7T-MRI study mimicking clinical fat grafting showed that LABs carrying adipose stem cells improved the results of conventional fat grafts. Therefore, we believe that LABs represent promising cell carriers and can be potentially used for the reconstruction of breasts or other soft tissues in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Hsueh
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan .,2 Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Shen Chen
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan .,3 Department of Plastic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital , New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chih Tai
- 4 Department of Plastic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ondrej Mestak
- 5 Department of Plastic Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague , Bulovka Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sung-Chuan Chao
- 6 Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Chen
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying Shih
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Feng Lin
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jium Shieh
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan .,7 Division of Medical Engineering, National Health Research Institute , Maoli, Taiwan
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Mendonça F, Soares R. Obesity and cancer phenotype: Is angiogenesis a missed link? Life Sci 2015; 139:16-23. [PMID: 26297445 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity remains nowadays one of the main threats to human health, being a problem of worldwide proportions. It is characterized by augmented storage of fatty acids in an enlarged adipose tissue. This process is possible thanks to a rich capillary network, supported by a mechanism that has also a crucial role on cancer: angiogenesis. Given that several studies point obesity as a risk factor for cancer development, angiogenesis may be approached as the missed link between these two pathologies. Understanding the different pathways behind angiogenesis becomes essential to break this link by developing new anti-angiogenic therapies or improving the actual ones. In the first phase, this paper will focus the structural and cellular changes that adipose tissue suffers in obesity. Then, the main pro-angiogenic players will be reviewed, taking into account the pathways that explain their putative role in obesity-cancer link. Finally, the clinical implications of the presented mechanisms will also be regarded, being the main focus on the anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mendonça
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Aubin K, Vincent C, Proulx M, Mayrand D, Fradette J. Creating capillary networks within human engineered tissues: impact of adipocytes and their secretory products. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:333-45. [PMID: 25278444 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of tissue-engineered substitutes of substantial volume is closely associated with the need to ensure rapid vascularization upon grafting. Strategies promoting angiogenesis include the in vitro formation of capillary-like networks within engineered substitutes. We generated both connective and adipose tissues based on a cell sheet technology using human adipose-derived stromal cells. This study evaluates the morphology and extent of the capillary networks that developed upon seeding of human microvascular endothelial cells during tissue production. We posited that adipocyte presence/secretory products could modulate the resulting capillary network when compared to connective substitutes. Analyses including confocal imaging of CD31-labeled capillary-like networks indicated slight differences in their morphological appearance. However, the total volume occupied by the networks as well as the frequency distribution of the structure's volumes were similar between connective and adipose tissues. The average diameter of the capillary structures tended to be 20% higher in reconstructed adipose tissues. Quantification of pro-angiogenic molecules in conditioned media showed greater amounts of leptin (15×), angiopoietin-1 (3.4×) and HGF (1.7×) secreted from adipose than connective tissues at the time of endothelial cell seeding. However, this difference was attenuated during the following coculture period in endothelial cell-containing media, correlating with the minor differences noted between the networks. Taken together, we developed a protocol allowing reconstruction of both connective and adipose tissues featuring well-developed capillary networks in vitro. We performed a detailed characterization of the network architecture within engineered tissues that is relevant for graft assessment before implantation as well as for in vitro screening of angiogenic modulators using three-dimensional models.
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12
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Moreno-Indias I, Tinahones FJ. Impaired adipose tissue expandability and lipogenic capacities as ones of the main causes of metabolic disorders. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:970375. [PMID: 25922847 PMCID: PMC4398959 DOI: 10.1155/2015/970375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered a major health problem. However, mechanisms involved and its comorbidities are not elucidated. Recent theories concerning the causes of obesity have focused on a limit to the functional capacity of adipose tissue, comparing it with other vital organs. This assumption has been the central point of interest in our laboratory. We proposed that the failure of adipose tissue is initiated by the difficulty of this tissue to increase its cellularity due to excess in fat contribution, owing to genetic or environmental factors. Nevertheless, why the adipose tissue reduces its capacity to make new adipocytes via mesenchymal cells of the stroma has not yet been elucidated. Thus, we suggest that this tissue ceases fulfilling its main function, the storage of excess fat, thereby affecting some of the key factors involved in lipogenesis, some of which are reviewed in this paper (PPARγ, ROR1, FASN, SCD1, Rab18, BrCa1, ZAG, and FABP4). On the other hand, mechanisms involved in adipose tissue expandability are also impaired, predominating hypertrophy via an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in adipogenesis and angiogenesis. However, adipose tissue failure is only part of this great orchestra, only a chapter of this nightmare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Complejo Hospitalario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- *Isabel Moreno-Indias: and
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Complejo Hospitalario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- *Francisco José Tinahones:
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Baldeón R. L, Weigelt K, de Wit H, Ozcan B, van Oudenaren A, Sempértegui F, Sijbrands E, Grosse L, Freire W, Drexhage HA, Leenen PJM. Decreased serum level of miR-146a as sign of chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115209. [PMID: 25500583 PMCID: PMC4264887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that chronic inflammation is an important determinant in insulin resistance and in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). MicroRNAs constitute a newly discovered system of cell regulation and in particular two microRNAs (miR-146a and miR-155) have been described as regulators and biomarkers of inflammation. AIM To determine a putative association between the levels of miR-146a and miR-155 in serum of T2D patients, clinical parameters and serological indicators of inflammation. METHODS We performed quantitative Real Time PCR (qPCR) of microRNAs from serum (56 Ecuadorian T2D ambulatory patients and 40 non-diabetic controls). In addition, we evaluated T2D-related serum cytokines.chemokines and growth factors using a commercially available multi-analyte cytometric bead array system. We correlated outcomes to clinical parameters, including BMI, HbA1c and lipid state. RESULTS The Ecuadorian non-diabetic controls appeared as overweight (BMI>25: patients 85%, controls 82.5%) and as dyslipidemic (hypercholesterolemia: patients 60.7%, controls 67.5%) as the patients. The serum levels of miR-146a were significantly reduced in T2D patients as compared to these non-diabetic, but obese/dyslipidemic control group (mean patients 0.61, mean controls set at 1; p = 0.042), those of miR-155 were normal.The serum levels of both microRNAs correlated to each other (r = 0.478; p<0.001) and to leptin levels. The microRNAs did not correlate to BMI, glycemia and dyslipidemia.From the tested cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, we found IL-8 and HGF significantly raised in T2D patients versus non-diabetic controls (p = 0.011 and 0.023 respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study shows decreased serum anti-inflammatory miR-146a, increased pro-inflammatory IL-8 and increased HGF (a vascular/insular repair factor) as discriminating markers of failure of glucose control occurring on the background of obesity and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Baldeón R.
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karin Weigelt
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm de Wit
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Behiye Ozcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adri van Oudenaren
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eric Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Grosse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wilma Freire
- Institute of Research in Health and Nutrition, University San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Hemmo A. Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Prometeo Program SENESCYT, Central University of Ecuador and Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pieter J. M. Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Yin J, Lee JH, Zhang J, Gao Z, Polotsky VY, Ye J. Regulation of hepatocyte growth factor expression by NF-κB and PPARγ in adipose tissue. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E929-36. [PMID: 24569592 PMCID: PMC3989740 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00687.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is expressed as an angiogenic factor in adipose tissue. However, the molecular mechanism of Hgf expression remains largely unknown in the tissue. We addressed the issue by studying Hgf expression in adipocytes and macrophages. Hgf was expressed more in the stromal-vascular fraction than the adipocyte fraction. The expression was fivefold more in macrophages than the stromal-vascular faction and was reduced by 50% after macrophage deletion in adipose tissue. The expression was reduced by differentiation in adipocytes and by tumor necrosis factor-α or lipopolysaccharide treatment in macrophages. The expression was suppressed by nuclear factor (NF)-κB in C57BL/6 mice with NF-κB p65 overexpression under the aP2 gene promoter (aP2-p65 mice) but enhanced by inactivation of NF-κB p65 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The Hgf gene promoter was suppressed by p65 overexpression, which blocked peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) interaction with RNA polymerase II. The p65 activity was abolished by knockdown of histone deacetylase 3. Hgf expression was upregulated by hypoxia in vitro and in vivo. Compared with vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), which was predominately expressed in mature adipocytes, Hgf was mainly expressed in nonadipocytes, suggesting that Hgf and Vegf may have different cell sources in adipose tissue. In mechanism, Hgf expression is inhibited by NF-κB through suppression of PPARγ function in the Hgf gene promoter. Both Hgf and Vegf are induced by hypoxia. The study provides a molecular mechanism for the difference of inflammation and hypoxia in the regulation of angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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15
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Li Q, Li PH, Hou DJ, Zhang AJ, Tao CB, Li XY, Jin PS. EGF Enhances ADSCs Secretion via ERK and JNK Pathways. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 69:189-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Coín Aragüez L, Murri M, Oliva Olivera W, Salas J, Mayas MD, Delgado-Lista J, Tinahones F, El Bekay R. Thymus fat as an attractive source of angiogenic factors in elderly subjects with myocardial ischemia. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1263-75. [PMID: 22576336 PMCID: PMC3705093 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Aging negatively affects angiogenesis which is found to be linked to declined vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. Adult human thymus degenerates into fat tissue (thymus adipose tissue (TAT)). Recently, we described that TAT from cardiomyopathy ischemic subjects has angiogenic properties. The goal of our study was to analyze whether aging could also impair angiogenic properties in TAT as in other adipose tissue such as subcutaneous (subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)). SAT and TAT specimens were obtained from 35 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, making these tissues readily available as a prime source of adipose tissue. Patients were separated into two age-dependent groups; middle-aged (n = 18) and elderly (n = 17). Angiogenic, endothelial, and adipogenic expression markers were analyzed in both tissues from each group and correlations were examined between these parameters and also with age. There were no significant differences in subjects from either group in clinical or biological variables. Angiogenic markers VEGF-A, B, C, and D and adipogenic parameters, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ2), FABP4, and ADRP showed elevated expression levels in TAT from elderly patients compared to the middle-aged group, while in SAT, expression levels of these isoforms were significantly decreased in elderly patients. VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, VEGF-R3, Thy1, CD31, CD29, and VLA1 showed increased levels in TAT from the elderly compared to the middle-aged, while in SAT these levels displayed a decline with aging. Also, in TAT, angiogenic and endothelial parameters exhibited strong positive correlations with age. TAT appears to be the most appropriate source of angiogenic and endothelial factors in elderly cardiomyopathy subjects compared to SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Coín Aragüez
- />CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain
- />Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus de Teatinos s/n 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mora Murri
- />CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain
- />Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus de Teatinos s/n 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Wilfredo Oliva Olivera
- />CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain
- />Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus de Teatinos s/n 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Julian Salas
- />Departamento de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Mayas
- />CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain
- />Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus de Teatinos s/n 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- />Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Tinahones
- />CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain
- />Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus de Teatinos s/n 29010, Málaga, Spain
- />Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rajaa El Bekay
- />CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain
- />Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus de Teatinos s/n 29010, Málaga, Spain
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17
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Yao R, Du Y, Zhang R, Lin F, Luan J. A biomimetic physiological model for human adipose tissue by adipocytes and endothelial cell cocultures with spatially controlled distribution. Biomed Mater 2013; 8:045005. [PMID: 23735623 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/4/045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro model that recapitulates the characteristics of native human adipose tissue would largely benefit pathology studies and therapy development. In this paper, we fabricated a physiological model composed of both human adipocytes and endothelial cells with spatially controlled distribution that biomimics the structure and composition of human adipose tissue. Detailed studies into the cell-cell interactions between the adipocytes and endothelial cells revealed a mutual-enhanced effect which resembles the in vivo routine. Furthermore, comparisons between planar coculture and model coculture demonstrated improved adipocyte function as well as endothelial cell proliferation under the same conditions. This research provided a reliable model for human adipose tissue development studies and potential obesity-related therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Shen W, Tian C, Chen H, Yang Y, Zhu D, Gao P, Liu J. Oxidative stress mediates chemerin-induced autophagy in endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2013. [PMID: 23195684 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemerin is a novel adipokine associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Previous studies indicate that chemerin may also function as a stimulator of angiogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of its regulatory role in angiogenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, we determined the role of autophagy in chemerin-induced angiogenesis. Treatment of human aorta endothelial cells (HAECs) with chemerin increased the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) concurrent with the induced, time-dependent expression of LC3II and upregulation of the autophagy-related genes beclin-1, Atg7, and Atg12-Atg5 . Knockdown of chemerin receptor 23 (ChemR23) by shRNA or treatment with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO decreased the chemerin-associated ROS generation and abolished the upregulation of autophagy-related genes. Furthermore, chemerin treatment of HAECs augmented AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) activity and acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation and reduced phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin, ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, which were blocked by coadministration of Mito-TEMPO or shRNA-mediated knockdown of AMPKα. Analysis of the HAECs revealed that inhibition of autophagy by Mito-TEMPO or shRNA against ChemR23, AMPKα, and beclin-1 impaired chemerin-induced tube formation and cell proliferation. These studies show that mitochondrial ROS are important for autophagy in chemerin-induced angiogenesis and that targeting autophagy may provide an important new tool for treating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People s Republic of China.
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19
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Błogowski W, Serwin K, Sałata D, Budkowska M, Dołęgowska B, Łokaj M, Prowans P, Starzyńska T. Plasma and Adipose Tissue Levels of Selected Growth/Inhibitory Factors, Proteolytic Enzymes and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Humans. EUR J INFLAMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1201000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that adipose tissue (AT), while implicated in orchestrating the sophisticated process termed “immunometabolism,” may also serve as a potential niche for various bone marrow-derived (stem) cells. However, at present, the direct biochemical and immunomodulatory composition of the human AT environment has not been studied. Several substances that might play a crucial role in regulating stem cell migration and/or homing to AT, have been implicated, namely, hepatocyte/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF/HGF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (SIP). Therefore, we examined and compared the AT concentrations of these substances between plasma, subcutaneous, and omental AT samples derived from 35 generally healthy subjects. VEGF, HGF, LIF, and metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP9 levels were measured using ELISA, and S1P concentrations were analyzed using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. We found that AT levels of analyzed growth/inhibitory factors were generally comparable (VEGF and LIF) or even higher (HGF) than the corresponding levels in the peripheral blood, particularly in overweight/obese subjects. In subcutaneous AT, significantly lower VEGF and LIF concentrations were observed, and these were accompanied by higher MMP levels. No depot-specific differences in S1P concentrations were found in all examined groups. Moreover, we established several associations between analyzed molecular substances and body composition, BMI, or adiposity index of the examined patients. In conclusion, our study revealed that human AT possesses relatively high levels of selected growth/inhibitory factors and of chemoattractants involved in the regulation of stem cell trafficking, and these factors are associated with the metabolic status of an individual. Further studies are needed to clearly establish the role of these factors in the regulation of bone marrow-derived (stem) cell homeostasis and homing in human AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Błogowski
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
- Departments of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - K. Serwin
- Departments of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - D. Sałata
- Departments of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - M. Budkowska
- Departments of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - B. Dołęgowska
- Departments of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - M. Łokaj
- Departments of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - P. Prowans
- Departments of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - T. Starzyńska
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
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20
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Rittig K, Dolderer JH, Balletshofer B, Machann J, Schick F, Meile T, Küper M, Stock UA, Staiger H, Machicao F, Schaller HE, Königsrainer A, Häring HU, Siegel-Axel DI. The secretion pattern of perivascular fat cells is different from that of subcutaneous and visceral fat cells. Diabetologia 2012; 55:1514-25. [PMID: 22327346 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We have previously found that the mass of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) correlates negatively with insulin sensitivity and post-ischaemic increase in blood flow. To understand how PVAT communicates with vascular vessels, interactions between perivascular, subcutaneous and visceral fat cells with endothelial cells (ECs) were examined with regard to inflammatory, metabolic and angiogenic proteins. To test for possible in vivo relevance of these findings, circulating levels of the predominant secretion product, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), was measured in individuals carefully phenotyped for fat distribution patterns. METHODS Mono- and co-cultures of human primary fat cells with ECs were performed. mRNA expression and protein production were studied using Luminex, cytokine array, RealTime Ready and ELISA systems. Effects of HGF on vascular cells were determined by WST assays. In patients, HGF levels were measured by ELISA, and the mass of different fat compartments was determined by whole-body MRI. RESULTS In contrast with other fat cell types, PVAT cells released higher amounts of angiogenic factors, e.g. HGF, acidic fibroblast growth factor, thrombospondin-1, serpin-E1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein -3. Cocultures showed different expression profiles from monocultures, and mature adipocytes differed from pre-adipocytes. HGF was preferentially released by PVAT cells and stimulated EC growth and smooth muscle cell cytokine release. Finally, in 95 patients, only PVAT, not visceral or subcutaneous mass, correlated independently with serum HGF levels (p = 0.03; r = 0.225). CONCLUSIONS Perivascular (pre-)adipocytes differ substantially from other fat cells with regard to mRNA expression and protein production of angiogenic factors. This may contribute to fat tissue growth and atherosclerotic plaque complications. Higher levels of angiogenic factors, such as HGF, in patients with increased perivascular fat mass may have pathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rittig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Gu JH, Lee JS, Kim DW, Yoon ES, Dhong ES. Neovascular potential of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) from diabetic patients. Wound Repair Regen 2012; 20:243-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2012.00765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ja Hea Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Korea University Guro Hospital; Guro-gu, Seoul; Korea
| | - Jae Sun Lee
- Medical Science Institute; Korea University Ansan Hospital; Danwon-gu, Ansan city, Gyeonggi-do; Korea
| | - Deok-Woo Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital; Danwon-gu; Ansan city, Gyeonggi-do; Korea
| | - Eul-Sik Yoon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital; Danwon-gu; Ansan city, Gyeonggi-do; Korea
| | - Eun-Sang Dhong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital; Danwon-gu; Ansan city, Gyeonggi-do; Korea
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22
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Sarkanen JR, Kaila V, Mannerström B, Räty S, Kuokkanen H, Miettinen S, Ylikomi T. Human Adipose Tissue Extract Induces Angiogenesis and AdipogenesisIn Vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:17-25. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jertta-Riina Sarkanen
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- FICAM, Finnish Center for Alternative Methods, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Science Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ville Kaila
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Bettina Mannerström
- Science Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Adult Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sari Räty
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Kuokkanen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Science Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Adult Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Ylikomi
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- FICAM, Finnish Center for Alternative Methods, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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23
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Aoki N, Yokoyama R, Asai N, Ohki M, Ohki Y, Kusubata K, Heissig B, Hattori K, Nakagawa Y, Matsuda T. Adipocyte-derived microvesicles are associated with multiple angiogenic factors and induce angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Endocrinology 2010; 151:2567-76. [PMID: 20382694 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that 3T3-L1 and rat primary adipocytes secreted microvesicles, known as adipocyte-derived microvesicles (ADMs). In the present study, we further characterized the 3T3-L1 ADMs and found that they exhibited angiogenic activity in vivo. Antibody arrays and gelatin zymography analyses revealed that several angiogenic and antiangiogenic proteins, including leptin, TNFalpha, acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGFa), interferon-gamma, and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, were present in the ADMs. Gene expression of most of these angiogenic factors was induced in the adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice. Furthermore, leptin, TNFalpha, and MMP-2 were up-regulated at the protein level in the adipocyte fractions prepared from epididymal adipose tissues of high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. ADMs induced cell migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which were partially suppressed by neutralizing antibodies to leptin, TNFalpha, or FGFa but not to interferon-gamma. Supporting these data, a mixture of leptin, TNFalpha, and FGFa induced tube formation. ADMs also promoted cell invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through Matrigel, which was suppressed by the addition of the MMP inhibitor 1,10'-phenanthroline and a neutralizing antibody to MMP-2 but not to MMP-9. These results suggest that ADMs are associated with multiple angiogenic factors and play a role in angiogenesis in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohito Aoki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
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24
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Christiaens V, Lijnen HR. Angiogenesis and development of adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 318:2-9. [PMID: 19686803 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a common disorder and related diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer, are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Western-type societies. Development of obesity is associated with substantial modulation of adipose tissue structure. The plasticity of the adipose tissue is reflected by its remarkable ability to expand or to reduce in size throughout adult lifespan. The expansion of adipose tissue is linked to the development of its vasculature. Indeed, adipogenesis is tightly associated with angiogenesis, as shown by the findings that adipose tissue explants trigger blood vessel formation, whereas in turn adipose tissue endothelial cells promote preadipocyte differentiation. Different components have been identified that play a role in adipose tissue associated angiogenesis. Modulation of angiogenesis may have the potential to impair adipose tissue development and thus may provide a novel therapeutic approach for prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Christiaens
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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25
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Yamada T, Kawakami SI, Nakanishi N. Fat depot-specific differences in angiogenic growth factor gene expression and its relation to adipocyte size in cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:991-7. [PMID: 20234108 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes derived from different anatomical sites vary in the expression of adipocytokines and growth factor genes. Adipogenesis is tightly associated with angiogenesis, although the regional variation of angiogenic growth factor gene expression in adipose tissues remains unclear. In this experiment, we studied the fat depot-specific differences (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intermuscular, renal, and mesenteric) in the expression of angiogenic growth factor mRNA [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and leptin], as well as the relationship between angiogenic growth factor mRNA level and adipocyte size in bovine adipose tissues. Intermuscular, renal, and mesenteric adipose tissues expressed significantly higher VEGF, FGF-2, and leptin mRNA levels than did subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues. Mesenteric adipose tissue also expressed higher FGF-10 mRNA levels than did subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues. There was no significant difference in the expression of HGF mRNA among adipose tissue depots. A significant correlation existed between adipocyte size and VEGF, FGF-2, FGF-10, and leptin mRNA levels. These results indicate that fat depot-specific difference in angiogenic growth factor gene expression results from the difference in adipocyte size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yamada
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tochigi, Japan.
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Tinahones F, Salas J, Mayas MD, Ruiz-Villalba A, Macias-Gonzalez M, Garrido-Sanchez L, DeMora M, Moreno-Santos I, Bernal R, Cardona F, Bekay RE. VEGF gene expression in adult human thymus fat: a correlative study with hypoxic induced factor and cyclooxygenase-2. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8213. [PMID: 20011601 PMCID: PMC2788242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the adult human thymus degenerates into fat tissue; however, it has never been considered as a potential source of angiogenic factors. Recently, we have described that this fat (TAT) produces angiogenic factors and induces human endothelial cell proliferation and migration, indicating its potential angiogenic properties. Design Adult thymus fat and subcutaneous adipose tissue specimens were obtained from 28 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, making this tissue readily available as a prime source of adipose tissue. We focused our investigation on determining VEGF gene expression and characterizing the different genes, mediators of inflammation and adipogenesis, and which are known to play a relevant role in angiogenesis regulation. Results We found that VEGF-A was the isoform most expressed in TAT. This expression was accompanied by an upregulation of HIF-1α, COX-2 and HO-1 proteins, and by increased HIF-1 DNA binding activity, compared to SAT. Furthermore, we observed that TAT contains a high percentage of mature adipocytes, 0.25% of macrophage cells, 15% of endothelial cells and a very low percentage of thymocyte cells, suggesting the cellular variability of TAT, which could explain the differences in gene expression observed in TAT. Subsequently, we showed that the expression of genes known as adipogenic mediators, including PPARγ1/γ2, FABP-4 and adiponectin was similar in both TAT and SAT. Moreover the expression of these latter genes presented a significantly positive correlation with VEGF, suggesting the potential association between VEGF and the generation of adipose tissue in adult thymus. Conclusion Here we suggest that this fat has a potential angiogenic function related to ongoing adipogenesis, which substitutes immune functions within the adult thymus. The expression of VEGF seems to be associated with COX-2, HO-1 and adipogenesis related genes, suggesting the importance that this new fat has acquired in research in relation to adipogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tinahones
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB03/06), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Julian Salas
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Carlos Haya, Malaga, Spain
| | - María Dolores Mayas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB03/06), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Ruiz-Villalba
- Fundacion Instituto Mediterráneo para el Avance de la Biotecnología y la Investigación Sanitaria, Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Macias-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB03/06), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sanchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB03/06), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel DeMora
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Hospital Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moreno-Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB03/06), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Bernal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB03/06), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Cardona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB03/06), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rajaa El Bekay
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB03/06), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Fundacion Instituto Mediterráneo para el Avance de la Biotecnología y la Investigación Sanitaria, Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Kang JH, Gimble JM, Kaplan DL. In vitro 3D model for human vascularized adipose tissue. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:2227-36. [PMID: 19207036 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical need for both three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue replacements and in vitro adipose tissue models continues to grow. In this study, we evaluated structural and functional characteristics of an in vitro 3D coculture model of vascularized adipose tissue. Tomato red-infected human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) and green fluorescence protein-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cocultured on 3D aqueous-derived silk scaffolds for 2 weeks. Confocal microscopy images demonstrated viability of cocultures and organization of both cell types over time. Endothelial cells aligned with time, and further histological analyses revealed continuous endothelial lumen formation in both differentiated and undifferentiated cocultures. Differentiated adipose cocultures secreted significantly higher levels of leptin than undifferentiated cocultures at 1 and 2 weeks. Additionally, lipid accumulation was demonstrated with Oil Red O staining, where positive staining was higher in the differentiated cocultures. A promising in vitro approach for the vascularization of tissue-engineered adipose tissue, and the ability to vascularize a construct containing hASCs was demonstrated. The strategy outlined provides a basis for the formation of other in vitro vascularized tissues as well as a path forward for the sustainable formation of soft tissue due to the use of slowly degrading silk scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Fuchs S, Ghanaati S, Orth C, Barbeck M, Kolbe M, Hofmann A, Eblenkamp M, Gomes M, Reis RL, Kirkpatrick CJ. Contribution of outgrowth endothelial cells from human peripheral blood on in vivo vascularization of bone tissue engineered constructs based on starch polycaprolactone scaffolds. Biomaterials 2009; 30:526-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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FOXC2 controls Ang-2 expression and modulates angiogenesis, vascular patterning, remodeling, and functions in adipose tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:10167-72. [PMID: 18621714 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0802486105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is spatiotemporally coupled to angiogenesis throughout adult life, and the interplay between these two processes is communicated by multiple factors. Here we show that in a transgenic mouse model, increased expression of forkhead box C2 (FOXC2) in the adipose tissue affects angiogenesis, vascular patterning, and functions. White and brown adipose tissues contain a considerably high density of microvessels appearing as vascular plexuses, which show redistribution of vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes. Dysfunction of these primitive vessels is reflected by impairment of skin wound healing. We further provide a mechanistic insight of the vascular phenotype by showing that FOXC2 controls Ang-2 expression by direct activation of its promoter in adipocytes. Remarkably, an Ang-2-specific antagonist almost completely reverses this vascular phenotype. Thus, the FOXC2-Ang-2 signaling system is crucial for controlling adipose vascular function, which is part of an adaptation to increased adipose tissue metabolism.
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30
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Bell LN, Cai L, Johnstone BH, Traktuev DO, March KL, Considine RV. A central role for hepatocyte growth factor in adipose tissue angiogenesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 294:E336-44. [PMID: 18073323 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00272.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent mitogenic and angiogenic factor produced in human adipose tissue. In this study, we use 3T3-F442A preadipocytes to study the contribution of HGF to angiogenesis in an in vivo fat pad development model. As observed for human adipocytes, HGF is synthesized and secreted by 3T3-F442A preadipocytes and mature adipocytes. HGF knockdown with small-interfering RNA reduced HGF mRNA expression 82.3 +/- 4.2% and protein secretion 82.9 +/- 1.4% from 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. Silencing of HGF resulted in a 70.5 +/- 19.0% reduction in endothelial progenitor cell migration to 3T3-F442A-conditioned medium in vitro. 3T3-F442A preadipocytes injected under the skin of mice form a fat pad containing mature, lipid-filled adipocytes and a functional vasculature. At 72 h postinjection, expression of the endothelial cell genes TIE-1 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1 was decreased 94.4 +/- 2.2 and 91.5 +/- 2.5%, respectively, in 3T3-F442A fat pads with HGF silencing. Knockdown of HGF had no effect on differentiation of 3T3-F442A preadipocytes to mature adipocytes in vitro or in vivo. In developing fat pads under the skin of HGF overexpressing transgenic mice, TIE-1 and PECAM-1 mRNA was increased 16.5- and 21.4-fold, respectively, at 72 h postinjection. The increase in gene expression correlated with immunohistochemical evidence of endothelial cell migration in the developing fat pad. These data suggest that HGF has a central role in regulating angiogenesis in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Bell
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 541 North Clinical Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5111, USA
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31
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Growth and development. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:79-101. [PMID: 18185067 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282f4f084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is required for the growth and expansion of both healthy and pathological tissues. The plasticity of the adipose tissue is reflected by its remarkable ability to expand or to reduce in size throughout the adult lifespan. We, and others, have recently shown that expansion of fat mass is dependent on angiogenesis, and suppression of angiogenesis might provide a novel therapeutic approach for prevention and treatment of obesity. Here, we outline two technical procedures for assessment of angiogenesis in adipose tissues.
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Kilroy GE, Foster SJ, Wu X, Ruiz J, Sherwood S, Heifetz A, Ludlow JW, Stricker DM, Potiny S, Green P, Halvorsen YDC, Cheatham B, Storms RW, Gimble JM. Cytokine profile of human adipose-derived stem cells: expression of angiogenic, hematopoietic, and pro-inflammatory factors. J Cell Physiol 2007; 212:702-9. [PMID: 17477371 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue serves as a source of adipokines and cytokines with both local and systemic actions in health and disease. In this study, we examine the hypothesis that multipotent human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), capable of differentiating along the adipocyte, chondrocyte, and osteoblast pathways, contribute to adipose tissue-derived cytokine secretion. Following exposure to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or epidermal growth factor (EGF), the ASCs significantly increase their secretion of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a cytokine implicated in hematopoiesis, vasculogenesis, and mammary epithelial duct formation. Ascorbic acid synergizes with these inductive factors, further increasing HGF levels. Following exposure to lipopolysaccharide, ASCs increase their secretion of both hematopoietic (granulocyte/monocyte, granulocyte, and macrophage colony stimulating factors, interleukin 7) and proinflammatory (interleukins 6, 8, and 11, tumor necrosis factor alpha) cytokines based on ELISA and RT-PCR. In co-cultures established with umbilical cord blood-derived CD34(+) cells, the ASCs support long-term hematopoiesis in vitro. Furthermore, in short-term 12-day co-cultures, the ASC maintain and expand the numbers of both myeloid and lymphoid progenitors. These observations are consistent with the functionality of the secreted cytokines and confirm recent reports by other laboratories concerning the hematopoietic supportive capability of ASCs. We conclude that the ASCs display cytokine secretory properties similar to those reported for bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail E Kilroy
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Abstract
Substantial evidence shows that neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissue growth is dependent on angiogenesis. Neovascularization and adipogenesis are temporally and spatially coupled processes during prenatal life and they continue to reciprocally interact via paracrine signaling systems throughout adult life. Activated adipocytes produce multiple angiogenic factors including leptin, angiopoietins, HGF, GM-CSF, VEGF, FGF-2, and TGF-beta, which either alone or collectively stimulate neovascularization during fat mass expansion. Thus antiangiogenic agents provide a novel therapeutic option for prevention and treatment of human obesity and its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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35
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Kim SR, Bae SK, Choi KS, Park SY, Jun HO, Lee JY, Jang HO, Yun I, Yoon KH, Kim YJ, Yoo MA, Kim KW, Bae MK. Visfatin promotes angiogenesis by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 357:150-6. [PMID: 17408594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is highly vascularized and requires the angiogenic properties for its mass growth. Visfatin has been recently characterized as a novel adipokine, which is preferentially produced by adipose tissue. In this study, we report that visfatin potently stimulates in vivo neovascularization in chick chorioallantoic membrane and mouse Matrigel plug. We also demonstrate that visfatin activates migration, invasion, and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, visfatin evokes activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in endothelial cells, which is closely linked to angiogenesis. Inhibition of ERK activation markedly decreases visfatin-induced tube formation of HUVECs and visfatin-stimulated endothelial cell sprouting from rat aortic rings. Taken together, these results demonstrate that visfatin promotes angiogenesis via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK-dependent pathway and suggest that visfatin may play important roles in various pathophysiological angiogenesis including adipose tissue angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ryun Kim
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Pusan 602-739, Republic of Korea
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Bertola A, Bonnafous S, Cormont M, Anty R, Tanti JF, Tran A, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Gual P. Hepatocyte growth factor induces glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through A Gab1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Glut4 pathway. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:10325-32. [PMID: 17284447 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611770200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a source of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and circulating HGF levels have been associated with elevated body mass index in human. However, the effects of HGF on adipocyte functions have not yet been investigated. We show here that in 3T3-L1 adipocytes HGF stimulates the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase-dependent protein kinase B (PKB) activity, AS160 phosphorylation, Glut4 translocation, and consequently, glucose uptake. The initial steps involved in HGF- and insulin-induced glucose uptake are different. HGF enhanced the tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab1, leading to the recruitment of the p85-regulated subunit of PI 3-kinase, whereas p85 was exclusively recruited by IRS1 in response to insulin. In adipocytes rendered insulin-resistant by a long-lasting tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment, the protein level of Gab1 was strongly decreased, and HGF-stimulated PKB activation and glucose uptake were also altered. Moreover, treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with thiazolidinedione, an anti-diabetic drug, enhanced the expression of both HGF and its receptor. These data provide the first evidence that in vitro HGF promotes glucose uptake through a Gab1/PI 3-kinase/PKB/AS160 pathway which was altered in tumor necrosis factor alpha-treated adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Bertola
- INSERM, U 568, F-06107 Nice, France, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, F-06107, Nice, France
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