1
|
Rivero M, Peinado-Serrano J, Muñoz-Galvan S, Espinosa-Sánchez A, Suarez-Martinez E, Felipe-Abrio B, Fernández-Fernández MC, Ortiz MJ, Carnero A. MAP17 (PDZK1IP1) and pH2AX are potential predictive biomarkers for rectal cancer treatment efficacy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32958-32971. [PMID: 30250642 PMCID: PMC6152481 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rectal cancer represents approximately 10% of cancers worldwide. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy increases complete pathologic response and local control, although it offers a poor advantage in survivorship and sphincter saving compared with that of radiotherapy alone. After preoperative chemoradiotherapy, approximately 20% of patients with rectal cancer achieve a pathologic complete response to the removed surgical specimen; this response may be related to a better prognosis and an improvement in disease-free survival. However, better biomarkers to predict response and new targets are needed to stratify patients and obtain better response rates. MAP17 (PDZK1IP1) is a small, 17 kDa non-glycosylated membrane protein located in the plasma membrane and Golgi apparatus and is overexpressed in a wide variety of human carcinomas. MAP17 has been proposed as a predictive biomarker for reactive oxygen species, ROS, inducing treatments in cervical tumors or laryngeal carcinoma. Due to the increase in ROS, MAP17 is also associated with the marker of DNA damage, phosphoH2AX (pH2AX). In the present manuscript, we examined the values of MAP17 and pH2AX as surrogate biomarkers of the response in rectal tumors. MAP17 expression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy is able to predict the response to chemoradiotherapy, similar to the increase in pH2AX. Furthermore, we explored whether we can identify molecular targeted therapies that could help improve the response of these tumors to radiotherapy. In this sense, we found that the inhibition of DNA damage with olaparib increased the response to radio- and chemotherapy, specifically in tumors with high levels of pH2AX and MAP17.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rivero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Department of Radiation Oncology, HUVR, Seville, Spain.,Department of Pathology, HUVR, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Peinado-Serrano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Department of Radiation Oncology, HUVR, Seville, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Muñoz-Galvan
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elisa Suarez-Martinez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Blanca Felipe-Abrio
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Fernández-Fernández
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Department of Pathology, HUVR, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Ortiz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Department of Radiation Oncology, HUVR, Seville, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Treijen MJC, Korse CM, van Leeuwaarde RS, Saveur LJ, Vriens MR, Verbeek WHM, Tesselaar MET, Valk GD. Blood Transcript Profiling for the Detection of Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results of a Large Independent Validation Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:740. [PMID: 30564197 PMCID: PMC6288275 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Available neuroendocrine biomarkers are considered to have insufficient accuracy to discriminate patients with gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) from healthy controls. Recent studies have demonstrated a potential role for circulating neuroendocrine specific transcripts analysis-the NETest-as a more accurate biomarker for NETs compared to available biomarkers. This study was initiated to independently validate the discriminative value of the NETest as well as the association between tumor characteristics and NETest score. Methods: Whole blood samples from 140 consecutive GEP-NET patients and 113 healthy volunteers were collected. Laboratory investigators were blinded to the origin of the samples. NETest results and chromogranin A (CgA) levels were compared with clinical information including radiological imaging to evaluate the association with tumor characteristics. Results: The median NETest score in NET patients was 33 vs. 13% in controls (p < 0.0001). The NETest did not correlate with age, gender, tumor location, grade, load, or stage. Using the cut-off of 14% NETest sensitivity and specificity were 93 and 56%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.87. The optimal cut-off for the NETest in our population was 20%, with sensitivity 89% and specificity 72%. The upper limit of normal for CgA was established as 100 μg/l. Sensitivity and specificity of CgA were 56 and 83% with an AUC of 0.76. CgA correlated with age (rs = 0.388, p < 0.001) and tumor load (rs = 0.458, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The low specificity of the NETest precludes its use as a screening test for GEP-NETs. The superior sensitivity of the NETest over CgA (93 vs. 56%; p < 0.001), irrespective of the stage of the disease, emphasize its potential as a marker of disease presence in follow up as well as an indicator for residual disease after surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. C. van Treijen
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETs Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Mark J. C. van Treijen
| | - Catharina M. Korse
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETs Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rachel S. van Leeuwaarde
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETs Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lisette J. Saveur
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETs Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno R. Vriens
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETs Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrine Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wieke H. M. Verbeek
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETs Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Margot E. T. Tesselaar
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETs Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerlof D. Valk
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETs Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Calvert RJ, Gupta M, Maciag A, Shiao YH, Anderson LM. K-ras 4A and 4B mRNA levels correlate with superoxide in lung adenocarcinoma cells, while at the protein level, only mutant K-ras 4A protein correlates with superoxide. Lung Cancer 2013; 80:263-9. [PMID: 23474128 PMCID: PMC3992873 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The K-ras gene is frequently mutated in lung and other cancers. K-ras protein includes two splice variants, K-ras 4A and 4B. While K-ras 4B is more widely expressed, recent evidence implicates K-ras 4A in lung tumorigenesis. We found that K-ras 4A protein has a wide range of expression in a large panel of human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. In cell lines with mutant K-ras, but not those with wildtype K-ras, the K-ras 4A protein had a strong positive correlation with levels of cellular superoxide. We investigated whether K-ras 4A protein was involved in superoxide production, or alternatively was modulated by elevated superoxide. Experiments with small interfering RNA targeting K-ras 4A did not confirm its role in superoxide generation. However, decreasing cellular superoxide with the scavenger Tiron tended to reduce levels of K-ras 4A protein. K-ras 4A and 4B mRNA were also quantified in a number of NSCLC cell lines. 4A mRNA correlated with 4A protein only in K-ras-mutant cells. K-ras 4A mRNA also correlated with superoxide, but with no difference between cell lines with mutant or wildtype K-ras. K-ras 4B mRNA correlated with 4A mRNA and with superoxide, in both K-ras mutant and wildtype cells. The results are consistent with superoxide directly or indirectly up-regulating expression of all K-ras genes, and also increasing the stability of K-ras 4A mutant protein selectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Calvert
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, MOD-1 Laboratory, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Wislez M, Beer DG, Wistuba I, Cadranel J, Saijo N, Johnson BE. Molecular Biology, Genomics, and Proteomics in Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(15)30003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Fleischhacker M, Schmidt B. Circulating nucleic acids (CNAs) and cancer--a survey. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2006; 1775:181-232. [PMID: 17137717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been known for decades that it is possible to detect small amounts of extracellular nucleic acids in plasma and serum of healthy and diseased human beings. The unequivocal proof that part of these circulating nucleic acids (CNAs) is of tumor origin, initiated a surge of studies which confirmed and extended the original observations. In the past few years many experiments showed that tumor-associated alterations can be detected at the DNA and RNA level. At the DNA level the detection of point mutations, microsatellite alterations, chromosomal alterations, i.e. inversion and deletion, and hypermethylation of promoter sequences were demonstrated. At the RNA level the overexpression of tumor-associated genes was shown. These observations laid the foundation for the development of assays for an early detection of cancer as well as for other clinical means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fleischhacker
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik mS Onkologie u Hämatologie, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Trombino S, Neri M, Puntoni R, Angelini C, Loprevite M, Cesario A, Granone P, Imperatori A, Dominioni L, Ardizzoni A, Filiberti R, Russo P. Mutations in K-ras Codon 12 Detected in Plasma DNA Are Not an Indicator of Disease in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Chem 2005; 51:1313-4. [PMID: 15976131 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.043976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Schürkes C, Brock W, Abel J, Unfried K. Induction of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine by man made vitreous fibres and crocidolite asbestos administered intraperitoneally in rats. Mutat Res 2004; 553:59-65. [PMID: 15288533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Revised: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled fibres with certain physico-chemical properties are known to induce mesothelioma in humans. The induction of reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen species (RNS) have been suggested as molecular mechanism of fibre induced carcinogenesis. In earlier studies we were able to demonstrate that crocidolite asbestos in vivo induces mutations in transgenic rats with a specific molecular spectrum that indicates the involvement of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as pre-mutagenic adduct. 8-OHdG may be induced by primary (direct) and/or secondary (cellular mediated) mechanisms. Therefore, the induction of 8-OHdG as well as the inflammatory response of animals treated with fibre samples significantly differing in their physico-chemical characteristics was investigated. As appropriate system to study mesothelioma carcinogenesis, intraperitoneal injection in rats was used with samples of UICC crocidolite, crocidolite with reduced iron content, and a vitreous fibre (MMVF 11). Equal numbers of carcinogenic fibres from each sample revealed significant comparable increases in 8-OHdG induction. Parameters of inflammation (percentage of macrophages and TNF-alpha secretion) correlated significantly with the induction of 8-OHdG, 10 weeks after treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schürkes
- Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung, an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf gGmbH, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gautschi O, Ziegler A. Comment on “Methylation patterns and K-ras mutations in tumor and paired serum of resected non-small-call lung cancer patients” (Cancer Letters 2003;193:207–216). Cancer Lett 2004; 204:1. [PMID: 14744528 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2003.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
10
|
Tatsuta M, Iishi H, Baba M, Mikuni T, Narahara H, Uedo N, Yano H. Suppression by iron chelator phenanthroline of sodium chloride-enhanced gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats. Cancer Lett 2003; 191:9-16. [PMID: 12609704 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of prolonged administration of iron chelator phenanthroline on sodium chloride-enhanced gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, and the labeling and apoptotic indices in the gastric cancers was investigated in Wistar rats. After 25 weeks of carcinogen treatment, the rats were given chow pellets containing 10% sodium chloride and intraperitoneal injections of phenanthroline at doses of 15 or 30 mg/kg body weight every other day. At week 52, feeding of sodium chloride significantly increased the incidence of gastric cancers, as compared with the control group. Prolonged injections of phenanthroline at both doses significantly reduced the incidence of gastric cancers, which was enhanced by oral supplementation with sodium chloride. Phenanthroline at both doses significantly decreased the labeling index of gastric cancers, which was enhanced by sodium chloride, and significantly increased the apoptotic index of gastric cancers, which was lowered by sodium chloride. In vitro examination using electron spin resonance revealed that sodium chloride promotes the production of hydroxyl radical during Fe(2+) oxidation by Fenton's reaction. These findings suggest that enhancement by sodium chloride of gastric carcinogenesis may be mediated by hydroxyl radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Tatsuta
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 3-3, Nakamichi 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hoshida Y, Hongyo T, Nakatsuka SI, Nishiu M, Takakuwa T, Tomita Y, Nomura T, Aozasa K. Gene mutations in lymphoproliferative disorders of T and NK/T cell phenotypes developing in renal transplant patients. J Transl Med 2002; 82:257-64. [PMID: 11896204 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PT-LPD) is characterized by lymphoid proliferation after organ or bone marrow transplantation. In Western countries, most cases of PT-LPD are B-cell-derived and Epstein-Barr virus-associated, in which alterations of c-myc, p53, and N-ras genes might play a role in disease progression. In Japan, PT-LPD of T- and NK/T-cell types are not uncommon in renal transplant patients. Mutations of p53 (exons 4 through 8), K-ras (exons 1 and 2), c-kit (exons 11 and 17), and beta-catenin genes (exon 3) in 12 cases of these diseases were analyzed by PCR single strand conformation polymorphism and then by direct sequencing. p53 gene mutations were detected in 5 of 5 cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, 3 (60%) of 5 cases of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, and 1 of 2 cases of NK/T cell lymphoma. Twenty-five percent of T and NK/T cell lymphomas showed K-ras mutations. Mutations of c-kit and beta-catenin genes were found in 33% of cases. Among a total of 42 substitution mutations, 40 were transitions with involvement of CpG sites in 20 to 30% of cases. Most cases had at least one mutation that changed an amino acid, which might have provided the selection pressure for expansion. These findings suggested that p53 gene mutations might play a central role in development of peripheral T-cell lymphoma including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in renal transplant patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Genes, p53
- Genes, ras
- Humans
- Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/etiology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Trans-Activators
- beta Catenin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Hoshida
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wislez M, Fleury-Feith J, Rabbe N, Moreau J, Cesari D, Milleron B, Mayaud C, Antoine M, Soler P, Cadranel J. Tumor-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prolong the survival of neutrophils infiltrating bronchoalveolar subtype pulmonary adenocarcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2001; 159:1423-33. [PMID: 11583970 PMCID: PMC1850503 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the role of the tumor environment in the regulation of apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, the number of which correlates negatively with outcome, in patients with adenocarcinoma of the bronchioloalveolar (BAC) subtype. We examined three different parameters of apoptosis, namely morphological aspect, annexin-V expression, and DNA fragmentation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) supernatants from patients with BAC significantly inhibited the 24-hour spontaneous apoptosis of normal peripheral blood neutrophils in vitro compared to BALF supernatants from control patients (64 +/- 4% versus 90 +/- 2% measured by annexin-V flow cytometry, P = 0.04). The alveolar neutrophil count correlated positively with the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) concentrations in the patient's BALF. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies (Abs) against GM-CSF and G-CSF significantly inhibited BALF anti-apoptotic activity (15 to 40% and 34 to 63% inhibition, respectively), whereas neutralizing Abs against interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha had no significant effect. In an attempt to identify the cell origin of anti-apoptotic cytokines, we tested in vitro the effect of BAC cells (A549 cell line and primary culture derived from a patient's BAC tumor) on the apoptosis of peripheral blood neutrophils. Cell-free supernatants from tumor cells did not inhibit neutrophil apoptosis. In contrast, cell-free supernatants from tumor cells previously exposed to conditioned media from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and alveolar macrophages significantly inhibited spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis. This inhibition was partially lifted when conditioned media from mononuclear cells were previously treated with Abs against IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. As in vivo, neutralizing Abs against GM-CSF significantly inhibited the anti-apoptotic activity of cell culture supernatants, and combination with Abs against G-CSF had an additive effect. In vivo, GM-CSF and G-CSF were strongly expressed by tumor cells and moderately or not expressed by the normal epithelium, as assessed by immunohistochemical studies. These findings demonstrate that the tumor environment generates local conditions that prolong alveolar neutrophil survival through the production of soluble factors, thereby contributing to the persistence of the neutrophil alveolitis observed in BAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathalie Rabbe
- Université Paris VI, Unité de formation et de Recherche Saint-Antoine; and the Unité Inserm 408,§
| | | | | | | | | | - Martine Antoine
- Assistance Publique des hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris; the Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et d’Immunopathologie Pulmonaire,†
| | - Paul Soler
- Université Paris VII, Bichat, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in many disease processes, including aging and carcinogenesis, and have been associated with a variety of complications resulting from the treatment of cancer. As a result, the treatment of free radical-induced disease with antioxidants or free radical scavengers has become an important therapeutic modality. Ironically, these same oxygen free radicals also play a critical role in anti-cancer therapies. The use of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), in this setting, has been found to decrease the efficacy of anti-tumor therapies, which depend on free radical generation for their action. In addition, increased antioxidant activity can often be utilized by the tumor cell to favor increased growth. Therefore, the appropriate application of oxygen free radicals and antioxidants seems to be critically important in designing proper strategies for both prevention and treatment of malignant disorders. This review will summarize free radical and antioxidant regimens that have been employed to date, examine some of the problems associated with these regimens, introduce the 'threshold concept' explaining the dual effects of oxygen free radicals and antioxidants, and discuss a novel hypothesis regarding therapy that could potentially improve outcome in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Takakuwa T, Hongyo T, Syaifudin M, Kanno H, Matsuzuka F, Narabayashi I, Nomura T, Aozasa K. Microsatellite instability and k-ras, p53 mutations in thyroid lymphoma. Jpn J Cancer Res 2000; 91:280-6. [PMID: 10760686 PMCID: PMC5926362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Patho-epidemiological studies showed that thyroid lymphoma (TL) arises in inflammatory lesions of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLTH). Replication error (RER) is found in inflammatory lesions and associated cancer, suggesting that chronic inflammation could be a risk factor for neoplastic development through causing RER. To clarify whether RER is involved in the pathogenesis of TL, we examined the microsatellite instability (MSI) in 9 cases with CLTH and 19 with TL, including 10 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL), 4 follicle center cell lymphoma, 3 marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of extranodal (MALT) type, and 2 lymphoplasmacytic type. Sixteen distinct microsatellite repeats were analyzed. Mutations of p53 and k-ras genes were also examined. When alterations at 2 or more microsatellite loci were judged as positive, only 5 DLBL cases exhibited MSI. The frequency of MSI in DLBL was significantly higher than that in other types of TL and CLTH (P < 0.05). Four of 19 cases (21.1%) showed point mutation of the k-ras gene. The k-ras mutations occurred in the cases with DLBL with RER, and four of five cases with RER had a k-ras mutation, indicating a close association between RER and k-ras mutation. p53 mutations were not found in the CLTH. Two of 19 TL cases showed mutations of p53 gene. There was no significant association between RER and p53 mutation. These findings indicate that genomic instability contributes to the progression of TL from low grade to high grade, but not to the development of low grade lymphoma in CLTH lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Takakuwa
- Departments of Pathology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Murakami A, Ohigashi H, Koshimizu K. Chemoprevention: Insights into biological mechanisms and promising food factors. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129909541194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
16
|
Tamatani T, Turk P, Weitzman S, Oyasu R. Tumorigenic conversion of a rat urothelial cell line by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes activated by lipopolysaccharide. Jpn J Cancer Res 1999; 90:829-36. [PMID: 10543254 PMCID: PMC5926149 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1999.tb00823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a significant risk factor for the development of urinary bladder cancer. We have shown that inflammation induced by killed Escherichia coli and also by its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) strikingly enhances N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-initiated rat bladder carcinogenesis. Aspirates from the bladder lumen contained a large quantity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and several cytokines. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) released from activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are involved in inflammation-associated bladder carcinogenesis. Using an immortalized nontumorigenic rat urothelial cell line, MYP3, we examined the effect of LPS-activated PMN on malignant transformation. MYP3 cells pretreated with or without MNU were exposed daily to LPS-activated PMN for one week and were then tested for growth in soft agar. In contrast to no colony formation by the parental cells, a varying number of colonies developed from cells treated with LPS-activated PMN. Although combined treatment with MNU and PMN was most effective (P<0.01), cells treated with LPS-activated PMN alone also formed a small number of colonies. Addition of catalase, which decomposes H2O2, and/or an antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol, reduced the number of colonies induced by LPS-activated PMN (P<0.05). Cells derived from colonies were tumorigenic in athymic nude mice. However, tumorigenicity in mice was greater with cells treated with both MNU and PMN than with cells treated with PMN alone. Our results suggest that ROI released from LPS-activated PMN may be one of the mechanisms involved in the carcinogenesis associated with active urinary tract infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Tamatani
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611-3008, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|