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Xu C, Chen G, Yu B, Sun B, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Yang Y, Xiao Y, Cheng SY, Li Y, Feng H. TRIM24 Cooperates with Ras Mutation to Drive Glioma Progression through snoRNA Recruitment of PHAX and DNA-PKcs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400023. [PMID: 38828688 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The factors driving glioma progression remain poorly understood. Here, the epigenetic regulator TRIM24 is identified as a driver of glioma progression, where TRIM24 overexpression promotes HRasV12 anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) progression into epithelioid GBM (Ep-GBM)-like tumors. Co-transfection of TRIM24 with HRasV12 also induces Ep-GBM-like transformation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) with tumor protein p53 gene (TP53) knockdown. Furthermore, TRIM24 is highly expressed in clinical Ep-GBM specimens. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq), the authors show that TRIM24 overexpression impacts both intratumoral heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment. Mechanically, HRasV12 activates phosphorylated adaptor for RNA export (PHAX) and upregulates U3 small nucleolar RNAs (U3 snoRNAs) to recruit Ku-dependent DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). Overexpressed TRIM24 is also recruited by PHAX to U3 snoRNAs, thereby facilitating DNA-PKcs phosphorylation of TRIM24 at S767/768 residues. Phosphorylated TRIM24 induces epigenome and transcription factor network reprogramming and promotes Ep-GBM-like transformation. Targeting DNA-PKcs with the small molecule inhibitor NU7441 synergizes with temozolomide to reduce Ep-GBM tumorigenicity and prolong animal survival. These findings provide new insights into the epigenetic regulation of Ep-GBM-like transformation and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with Ep-GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bowen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Mingda Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yanxin Li
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haizhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Zuchegna C, Leone S, Romano A, Porcellini A, Messina S. KRAS is a molecular determinant of platinum responsiveness in glioblastoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:77. [PMID: 38225605 PMCID: PMC10789061 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KRAS is the undisputed champion of oncogenes, and despite its prominent role in oncogenesis as mutated gene, KRAS mutation appears infrequent in gliomas. Nevertheless, gliomas are considered KRAS-driven cancers due to its essential role in mouse malignant gliomagenesis. Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain tumor, often associated with disturbed RAS signaling. For newly diagnosed GBM, the current standard therapy is alkylating agent chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy. Cisplatin is one of the most effective anticancer drugs and is used as a first-line treatment for a wide spectrum of solid tumors (including medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma) and many studies are currently focused on new delivery modalities of effective cisplatin in glioblastoma. Its mechanism of action is mainly based on DNA damage, inducing the formation of DNA adducts, triggering a series of signal-transduction pathways, leading to cell-cycle arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis. METHODS Long-term cultures of human glioblastoma, U87MG and U251MG, were either treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin, CDDP) and/or MEK-inhibitor PD98059. Cytotoxic responses were assessed by cell viability (MTT), protein expression (Western Blot), cell cycle (PI staining) and apoptosis (TUNEL) assays. Further, gain-of-function experiments were performed with cells over-expressing mutated hypervariable region (HVR) KRASG12V plasmids. RESULTS Here, we studied platinum-based chemosensitivity of long-term cultures of human glioblastoma from the perspective of KRAS expression, by using CDDP and MEK-inhibitor. Endogenous high KRAS expression was assessed at transcriptional (qPCR) and translational levels (WB) in a panel of primary and long-term glioblastoma cultures. Firstly, we measured immediate cellular adjustment through direct regulation of protein concentration of K-Ras4B in response to cisplatin treatment. We found increased endogenous protein abundance and involvement of the effector pathway RAF/MEK/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Moreover, as many MEK inhibitors are currently being clinically evaluated for the treatment of high-grade glioma, so we concomitantly tested the effect of the potent and selective non-ATP-competitive MEK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) on cisplatin-induced chemosensitivity in these cells. Cell-cycle phase distribution was examined using flow cytometry showing a significant cell-cycle arrest in both cultures at different percentage, which is modulated by MEK inhibition. Cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity increased sub-G1 percentage and modulates G2/M checkpoint regulators cyclins D1 and A. Moreover, ectopic expression of a constitutively active KRASG12V rescued CDDP-induced apoptosis and different HVR point mutations (particularly Ala 185) reverted this phenotype. CONCLUSION These findings warrant further studies of clinical applications of MEK1/2 inhibitors and KRAS as 'actionable target' of cisplatin-based chemotherapy for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Zuchegna
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Leone
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Romano
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Porcellini
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Samantha Messina
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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Slika H, Karimov Z, Alimonti P, Abou-Mrad T, De Fazio E, Alomari S, Tyler B. Preclinical Models and Technologies in Glioblastoma Research: Evolution, Current State, and Future Avenues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16316. [PMID: 38003507 PMCID: PMC10671665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary central nervous system tumor and one of the most debilitating cancers. The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma remains poor, and the management of this tumor, both in its primary and recurrent forms, remains suboptimal. Despite the tremendous efforts that are being put forward by the research community to discover novel efficacious therapeutic agents and modalities, no major paradigm shifts have been established in the field in the last decade. However, this does not mirror the abundance of relevant findings and discoveries made in preclinical glioblastoma research. Hence, developing and utilizing appropriate preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate the characteristics and behavior of human glioblastoma is of utmost importance. Herein, we offer a holistic picture of the evolution of preclinical models of glioblastoma. We further elaborate on the commonly used in vitro and vivo models, delving into their development, favorable characteristics, shortcomings, and areas of potential improvement, which aids researchers in designing future experiments and utilizing the most suitable models. Additionally, this review explores progress in the fields of humanized and immunotolerant mouse models, genetically engineered animal models, 3D in vitro models, and microfluidics and highlights promising avenues for the future of preclinical glioblastoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Slika
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (H.S.); (Z.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Ziya Karimov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (H.S.); (Z.K.); (S.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Paolo Alimonti
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.A.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Tatiana Abou-Mrad
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon;
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Emerson De Fazio
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.A.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Safwan Alomari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (H.S.); (Z.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (H.S.); (Z.K.); (S.A.)
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Zhang L, Bordey A. Advances in glioma models using in vivo electroporation to highjack neurodevelopmental processes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188951. [PMID: 37433417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most prevalent type of neurological malignancies. Despite decades of efforts in neurosurgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, glioma remains one of the most treatment-resistant brain tumors with unfavorable outcomes. Recent progresses in genomic and epigenetic profiling have revealed new concepts of genetic events involved in the etiology of gliomas in humans, meanwhile, revolutionary technologies in gene editing and delivery allows to code these genetic "events" in animals to genetically engineer glioma models. This approach models the initiation and progression of gliomas in a natural microenvironment with an intact immune system and facilitates probing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on recent advances in in vivo electroporation-based glioma modeling and outline the established genetically engineered glioma models (GEGMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Zhang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Changde hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 818 Renmin Street, Wuling District, Changde, Hunan 415003, China; Departments of Neurosurgery, and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China; Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA.
| | - Angelique Bordey
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA
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Gong Y, Ke Y, Yu Z, Pan J, Zhou X, Jiang Y, Zhou M, Zeng H, Geng X, Hu G. Identified RP2 as a prognostic biomarker for glioma, facilitating glioma pathogenesis mainly via regulating tumor immunity. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8155-8184. [PMID: 37602882 PMCID: PMC10497014 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor in the central nervous system, with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis, easy to recur, difficult to cure. The mutation of Retinitis Pigmentosa 2 (RP2) can cause retinitis pigmentosa, it is a prognostic factor of osteosarcoma, however, its role in glioma remains unclear. Based on the data from TCGA and GTEx, we identified RP2 as the most related gene for glioma by WGCNA, and used a series of bioinformatics analyses including LinkedOmics, GSCA, CTD, and so on, to explore the expression of RP2 in glioma and the biological functions it is involved in. The results showed that RP2 was highly expressed in glioma, and its overexpression could lead to poor prognosis. In addition, the results of enrichment analysis showed that RP2 was highly correlated with cell proliferation and immune response. And then, we found significant enrichment of Macrophages among immune cells. Furthermore, our experiments have confirmed that Macrophages can promote the development of glioma by secreting or influencing the secretion of some cytokines. Moreover, we investigated the influence of RP2 on the immunotherapy of glioma and the role of m6A modification in the influence of RP2 on glioma. Ultimately, we determined that RP2 is an independent prognostic factor that is mainly closely related to immune for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yun Ke
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zichuan Yu
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jingying Pan
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xuanrui Zhou
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yike Jiang
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Minqin Zhou
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xitong Geng
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Guowen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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do Nascimento RP, dos Santos BL, Amparo JAO, Soares JRP, da Silva KC, Santana MR, Almeida ÁMAN, da Silva VDA, Costa MDFD, Ulrich H, Moura-Neto V, Lopes GPDF, Costa SL. Neuroimmunomodulatory Properties of Flavonoids and Derivates: A Potential Action as Adjuvants for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010116. [PMID: 35057010 PMCID: PMC8778519 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are tumors that have a high ability to migrate, invade and proliferate in the healthy tissue, what greatly impairs their treatment. These characteristics are associated with the complex microenvironment, formed by the perivascular niche, which is also composed of several stromal cells including astrocytes, microglia, fibroblasts, pericytes and endothelial cells, supporting tumor progression. Further microglia and macrophages associated with GBMs infiltrate the tumor. These innate immune cells are meant to participate in tumor surveillance and eradication, but they become compromised by GBM cells and exploited in the process. In this review we discuss the context of the GBM microenvironment together with the actions of flavonoids, which have attracted scientific attention due to their pharmacological properties as possible anti-tumor agents. Flavonoids act on a variety of signaling pathways, counteracting the invasion process. Luteolin and rutin inhibit NFκB activation, reducing IL-6 production. Fisetin promotes tumor apoptosis, while inhibiting ADAM expression, reducing invasion. Naringenin reduces tumor invasion by down-regulating metalloproteinases expression. Apigenin and rutin induce apoptosis in C6 cells increasing TNFα, while decreasing IL-10 production, denoting a shift from the immunosuppressive Th2 to the Th1 profile. Overall, flavonoids should be further exploited for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravena Pereira do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Balbino Lino dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
- Academic College of Nurse, Department of Health, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-205, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jéssika Alves Oliveira Amparo
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Janaina Ribeiro Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Karina Costa da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Monique Reis Santana
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Áurea Maria Alves Nunes Almeida
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Victor Diógenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
- National Institute for Translational Neurosciences (INCT/CNPq INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- National Institute for Translational Neurosciences (INCT/CNPq INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Paulo Niemeyer State Institute of the Brain, Rio de Janeiro 20230-024, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giselle Pinto de Faria Lopes
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Admiral Paulo Moreira Institute for Sea Studies (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo 28930-000, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
- National Institute for Translational Neurosciences (INCT/CNPq INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (S.L.C.)
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Liu J, Tao X, Zhu Y, Li C, Ruan K, Diaz-Perez Z, Rai P, Wang H, Zhai RG. NMNAT promotes glioma growth through regulating post-translational modifications of P53 to inhibit apoptosis. eLife 2021; 10:70046. [PMID: 34919052 PMCID: PMC8683086 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are highly malignant brain tumors with poor prognosis and short survival. NAD+ has been shown to impact multiple processes that are dysregulated in cancer; however, anti-cancer therapies targeting NAD+ synthesis have had limited success due to insufficient mechanistic understanding. Here, we adapted a Drosophila glial neoplasia model and discovered the genetic requirement for NAD+ synthase nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) in glioma progression in vivo and in human glioma cells. Overexpressing enzymatically active NMNAT significantly promotes glial neoplasia growth and reduces animal viability. Mechanistic analysis suggests that NMNAT interferes with DNA damage-p53-caspase-3 apoptosis signaling pathway by enhancing NAD+-dependent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) and deacetylation of p53. Since PARylation and deacetylation reduce p53 pro-apoptotic activity, modulating p53 PTMs could be a key mechanism by which NMNAT promotes glioma growth. Our findings reveal a novel tumorigenic mechanism involving protein complex formation of p53 with NAD+ synthetic enzyme NMNAT and NAD+-dependent PTM enzymes that regulates glioma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai UniversityShandongChina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Xianzun Tao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Kai Ruan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Zoraida Diaz-Perez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer CenterMiamiUnited States
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai UniversityShandongChina
| | - R Grace Zhai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer CenterMiamiUnited States
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Neuroepithelial cell competition triggers loss of cellular juvenescence. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18044. [PMID: 33093561 PMCID: PMC7582913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell competition is a cell–cell interaction mechanism which maintains tissue homeostasis through selective elimination of unfit cells. During early brain development, cells are eliminated through apoptosis. How cells are selected to undergo elimination remains unclear. Here we aimed to identify a role for cell competition in the elimination of suboptimal cells using an in vitro neuroepithelial model. Cell competition was observed when neural progenitor HypoE-N1 cells expressing RASV12 were surrounded by normal cells in the co-culture. The elimination through apoptosis was observed by cellular changes of RASV12 cells with rounding/fragmented morphology, by SYTOX blue-positivity, and by expression of apoptotic markers active caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. In this model, expression of juvenility-associated genes Srsf7 and Ezh2 were suppressed under cell-competitive conditions. Srsf7 depletion led to loss of cellular juvenescence characterized by suppression of Ezh2, cell growth impairment and enhancement of senescence-associated proteins. The cell bodies of eliminated cells were engulfed by the surrounding cells through phagocytosis. Our data indicates that neuroepithelial cell competition may have an important role for maintaining homeostasis in the neuroepithelium by eliminating suboptimal cells through loss of cellular juvenescence.
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9
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Sabelström H, Petri R, Shchors K, Jandial R, Schmidt C, Sacheva R, Masic S, Yuan E, Fenster T, Martinez M, Saxena S, Nicolaides TP, Ilkhanizadeh S, Berger MS, Snyder EY, Weiss WA, Jakobsson J, Persson AI. Driving Neuronal Differentiation through Reversal of an ERK1/2-miR-124-SOX9 Axis Abrogates Glioblastoma Aggressiveness. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2064-2079.e11. [PMID: 31433983 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying cellular programs that drive cancers to be stem-like and treatment resistant is critical to improving outcomes in patients. Here, we demonstrate that constitutive extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation sustains a stem-like state in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 activation restores neurogenesis during murine astrocytoma formation, inducing neuronal differentiation in tumorspheres. Constitutive ERK1/2 activation globally regulates miRNA expression in murine and human GBMs, while neuronal differentiation of GBM tumorspheres following the inhibition of ERK1/2 activation requires the functional expression of miR-124 and the depletion of its target gene SOX9. Overexpression of miR124 depletes SOX9 in vivo and promotes a stem-like-to-neuronal transition, with reduced tumorigenicity and increased radiation sensitivity. Providing a rationale for reports demonstrating miR-124-induced abrogation of GBM aggressiveness, we conclude that reversal of an ERK1/2-miR-124-SOX9 axis induces a neuronal phenotype and that enforcing neuronal differentiation represents a therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sabelström
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rebecca Petri
- Lab of Molecular Neurogenetics, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Ksenya Shchors
- ORD-Rinat, Pfizer, Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rahul Jandial
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Christin Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rohit Sacheva
- Lab of Molecular Neurogenetics, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Selma Masic
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Edith Yuan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Trenten Fenster
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael Martinez
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Supna Saxena
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Theodore P Nicolaides
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Shirin Ilkhanizadeh
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Evan Y Snyder
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Johan Jakobsson
- Lab of Molecular Neurogenetics, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Anders I Persson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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10
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Fiorica F, Colella M, Taibi R, Bonetti A, Giuliani J, Perrone MS, Missiroli S, Giorgi C. Glioblastoma: Prognostic Factors and Predictive Response to Radio and Chemotherapy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2814-2825. [PMID: 32003678 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200131095256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by poor prognosis despite an aggressive therapeutic strategy. In recent years, many advances have been achieved in the field of glioblastoma biology. Here we try to summarize the main clinical and biological factors impacting clinical prognostication and therapy of GBM patients. From that standpoint, hopefully, in the near future, personalized therapies will be available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiorica
- Department of Radiation Oncology, AULSS 9 Scaligera, Verona, Italy.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Colella
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rosaria Taibi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Andrea Bonetti
- Department of Oncology, AULSS 9 Scaligera, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Maria Sole Perrone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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11
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Kaley TJ, Panageas KS, Pentsova EI, Mellinghoff IK, Nolan C, Gavrilovic I, DeAngelis LM, Abrey LE, Holland EC, Omuro A, Lacouture ME, Ludwig E, Lassman AB. Phase I clinical trial of temsirolimus and perifosine for recurrent glioblastoma. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:429-436. [PMID: 32293798 PMCID: PMC7187704 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Malignant glioma (MG) is the most deadly primary brain cancer. Signaling though the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis is activated in most MGs and therefore a potential therapeutic target. The mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus and the AKT inhibitor perifosine are each well‐tolerated as single agents but with limited activity reclinical data demonstrate synergistic anti‐tumor effects from combined treatment. Therefore, we initiated a phase I trial of combined therapy in recurrent MGs to determine safety and a recommended phase II dose. Methods Adults with recurrent MG, Karnofsky Performance Status ≥ 60 were enrolled, with no limit on the number of prior therapies. Temsirolimus dose was escalated using standard 3 + 3 design from 15 mg to 170 mg administered once weekly. Perifosine was fixed as a 600 mg load on day 1 followed by 100 mg nightly (single agent MTD) until dose level 7 when the load increased to 900 mg. Results We treated 35 patients with with glioblastoma (17) or other MGs (18; including nine anaplastic astrocytoma, nine anaplastic oligodendroglioma, one anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, and two low grade astrocytomas with radiographic transformation to MG). We observed five dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs): one at dose level 3 (50mg temsirolimus), then two at dose level 7 expansion (170 mg temsirolimus), and then two more at dose level 6 expansion (170 mg temsirolimus). DLTs included thrombocytopenia (n = 3), intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 1) and lung infection (n = 1). Conclusion Combining the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus dosed at 115 mg weekly and the AKT inhibitor perifosine dosed at 100 mg daily (following 600 mg load) is tolerable in heavily pretreated adults with recurrent MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Kaley
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Katherine S Panageas
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elena I Pentsova
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Craig Nolan
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Igor Gavrilovic
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lisa M DeAngelis
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lauren E Abrey
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric C Holland
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Antonio Omuro
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mario E Lacouture
- Department of Dermatology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emmy Ludwig
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew B Lassman
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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12
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Kalimuthu S, Gangadaran P, Oh JM, Rajendran RL, Lee HW, Gopal A, Hong CM, Jeon YH, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. A new tyrosine kinase inhibitor K905-0266 inhibits proliferation and sphere formation of glioblastoma cancer cells. J Drug Target 2020; 28:933-938. [PMID: 32191139 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1745817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent malignant tumour of the central nervous system and carries a poor prognosis; average survival time after diagnosis is 14 months. Because of its unfavourable prognosis, novel therapies are needed. The aim of this study was to assess whether inhibition of GBM and GBM-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs) by a new tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), K905-0266, is possible. To do this, we generated GBM (D54 and U87MG) cells expressing luciferase and characterised the inhibitory effects of the TKI with bioluminescent imaging (BLI) and western blot (WB). The effect of the TKI was then evaluated in CSCs. BLI showed significant inhibition of D54 and U87MG cells by TKI treatment. WB showed that the TKI decreased pERK and Bcl-2 level and increased cleaved caspase-3 level. Sphere formation was significantly reduced by the TKI in CSCs. Our results showed that a new TKI, K905-0266, effectively inhibited GBM and CSCs, making this a candidate for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunnehru Gopal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea.,Leading‑Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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13
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Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycans in the Tumour Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1272:73-92. [PMID: 32845503 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48457-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans are macromolecules that are essential for the development of cells, human diseases and malignancies. In particular, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) accumulate in tumour stroma and play a key role in tumour growth and invasion by driving multiple oncogenic pathways in tumour cells and promoting crucial interactions in the tumour microenvironment (TME). These pathways involve receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and integrin signalling via the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which sustains the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2).Human CSPG4 is a type I transmembrane protein that is associated with the growth and progression of human brain tumours. It regulates cell signalling and migration by interacting with components of the extracellular matrix, extracellular ligands, growth factor receptors, intracellular enzymes and structural proteins. Its overexpression by tumour cells, perivascular cells and precursor/progenitor cells in gliomas suggests that it plays a role in their origin, progression and neo-angiogenesis and its aberrant expression in tumour cells may be a promising biomarker to monitor malignant progression and patient survival.The aim of this chapter is to review and discuss the role of CSPG4 in the TME of human gliomas, including its potential as a druggable therapeutic target.
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14
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Yu Y, Chen C, Huo G, Deng J, Zhao H, Xu R, Jiang L, Chen S, Wang S. ATP1A1 Integrates AKT and ERK Signaling via Potential Interaction With Src to Promote Growth and Survival in Glioma Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:320. [PMID: 31114755 PMCID: PMC6503087 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) have been considered to be responsible for treatment failure due to their self-renewal and limitless proliferative property. Recently, the Na+/K+-ATPase a1 (ATP1A1) subunit was described as a novel therapeutic target for gliomas. Interestingly, our previous proteomics study revealed that ATP1A1 is remarkably overexpressed in GSCs. In the current study, we investigated the role of ATP1A1 in regulating growth, survival, and tumorigenicity of primary human GSCs and the underlying molecular mechanism. We tested RNA and protein expression of ATP1A1 in glioma tissues and GSCs. In addition, we knocked down ATP1A1 in GSCs and assessed the effects thereof on growth, survival, and apoptosis. The role of ATP1A1 in signaling pathways was investigated in vitro. We found that the ATP1A1 expression level was associated with the grade of glioma. Knockdown of ATP1A1 in GSCs in vitro inhibited cell proliferation and survival, increased apoptosis, and halted cell-cycle progression at the G1 phase. Cell proliferation and survival were resumed upon rescue of ATP1A1 expression in ATP1A1-knockdown GSCs. The ERK1/2 and AKT pathways were inhibited through suppression of Src phosphorylation by ATP1A1 knockdown. Collectively, our findings suggest that ATP1A1 overexpression promotes GSC growth and proliferation by affecting Src phosphorylation to activate the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinmu Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shali Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Liu J, Wang L, Li X. HMGB3 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of glioblastoma and is negatively regulated by miR-200b-3p and miR-200c-3p. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:357-365. [PMID: 30232806 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Liu
- Department of Neurology; Daqing Oilfield General Hospital; Daqing China
| | - Liling Wang
- Department of Neurology; Daqing Oilfield General Hospital; Daqing China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Neurology; Daqing Oilfield General Hospital; Daqing China
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16
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The Significance of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) in Human Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092724. [PMID: 30213051 PMCID: PMC6164575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron glial antigen 2 (NG2) is a chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) that occurs in developing and adult central nervous systems (CNSs) as a marker of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) together with platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα). It behaves variably in different pathological conditions, and is possibly involved in the origin and progression of human gliomas. In the latter, NG2/CSPG4 induces cell proliferation and migration, is highly expressed in pericytes, and plays a role in neoangiogenesis. NG2/CSPG4 expression has been demonstrated in oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, and glioblastomas (GB), and it correlates with malignancy. In rat tumors transplacentally induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), NG2/CSPG4 expression correlates with PDGFRα, Olig2, Sox10, and Nkx2.2, and with new vessel formation. In this review, we attempt to summarize the normal and pathogenic functions of NG2/CSPG4, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target.
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17
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McNeill RS, Canoutas DA, Stuhlmiller TJ, Dhruv HD, Irvin DM, Bash RE, Angus SP, Herring LE, Simon JM, Skinner KR, Limas JC, Chen X, Schmid RS, Siegel MB, Van Swearingen AED, Hadler MJ, Sulman EP, Sarkaria JN, Anders CK, Graves LM, Berens ME, Johnson GL, Miller CR. Combination therapy with potent PI3K and MAPK inhibitors overcomes adaptive kinome resistance to single agents in preclinical models of glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:1469-1480. [PMID: 28379424 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Prognosis remains poor despite multimodal therapy. Developing alternative treatments is essential. Drugs targeting kinases within the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) effectors of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling represent promising candidates. Methods We previously developed a non-germline genetically engineered mouse model of GBM in which PI3K and MAPK are activated via Pten deletion and KrasG12D in immortalized astrocytes. Using this model, we examined the influence of drug potency on target inhibition, alternate pathway activation, efficacy, and synergism of single agent and combination therapy with inhibitors of these 2 pathways. Efficacy was then examined in GBM patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in vitro and in vivo. Results PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor potency was directly associated with target inhibition, alternate RTK effector activation, and efficacy in mutant murine astrocytes in vitro. The kinomes of GBM PDX and tumor samples were heterogeneous, with a subset of the latter harboring MAPK hyperactivation. Dual PI3K/MEK inhibitor treatment overcame alternate effector activation, was synergistic in vitro, and was more effective than single agent therapy in subcutaneous murine allografts. However, efficacy in orthotopic allografts was minimal. This was likely due to dose-limiting toxicity and incomplete target inhibition. Conclusion Drug potency influences PI3K/MEK inhibitor-induced target inhibition, adaptive kinome reprogramming, efficacy, and synergy. Our findings suggest that combination therapies with highly potent, brain-penetrant kinase inhibitors will be required to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S McNeill
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Demitra A Canoutas
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy J Stuhlmiller
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Harshil D Dhruv
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David M Irvin
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ryan E Bash
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven P Angus
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Laura E Herring
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kasey R Skinner
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Juanita C Limas
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xin Chen
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ralf S Schmid
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marni B Siegel
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amanda E D Van Swearingen
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J Hadler
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carey K Anders
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lee M Graves
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael E Berens
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gary L Johnson
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, Medicine, and Neurology, Divisions of Neuropathology and Hematology/Oncology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Proteomics Core Facility, Neurosciences Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Cancer & Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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18
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Chonan Y, Taki S, Sampetrean O, Saya H, Sudo R. Endothelium-induced three-dimensional invasion of heterogeneous glioma initiating cells in a microfluidic coculture platform. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 9:762-773. [PMID: 28752870 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00091j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive primary brain tumor that displays cellular heterogeneity, which is composed of glioma initiating cells (GICs) and their differentiated progeny. GICs play an important role in driving aggressive invasion. In particular, the interaction between GICs and blood vessels is critical because blood vessels are known to serve as routes for the invasion of GICs. However, the effect of endothelial cells on the three-dimensional (3D) invasion process of GICs as well as the spatial relationship between GICs and their differentiated progeny remains unclear. Here, we utilized a microfluidic device to recapitulate the 3D brain tumor microenvironments constituted by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and type I collagen. Using the device, we found that HUVECs promoted the 3D invasion of heterogeneous glioma cell populations into type I collagen gel. The invasion induced by HUVECs was predominantly preceded by cells positive for nestin, a neural stem cell marker. In contrast, cells positive for tubulin β3 (TUBB3), a differentiated cell marker, rarely preceded invasion. In addition, HUVECs induced the upregulation of TUBB3 in GICs. Finally, we found that the genes associated with invasion, such as integrins α2 and β3, were significantly upregulated in the presence of HUVECs. These results as well as the experimental approach provide valuable knowledge for the development of effective therapeutic strategies targeting the aggressive invasion of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Chonan
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
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19
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Loke BN, Md Nasir ND, Thike AA, Lee JYH, Lee CS, Teh BT, Tan PH. Genetics and genomics of breast fibroadenomas. J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:381-387. [PMID: 29248888 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroadenomas of the breast are benign fibroepithelial tumours most frequently encountered in women of reproductive age, although they may be diagnosed at any age. The fibroadenoma comprises a proliferation of both stromal and epithelial components. The mechanisms underlying fibroadenoma pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. In the clinical setting, distinguishing cellular fibroadenomas from benign phyllodes tumours is a common diagnostic challenge due to subjective histopathological criteria and interobserver differences. Recent sequencing studies have demonstrated the presence of highly recurrent mutations in fibroadenomas, and also delineated the genomic landscapes of fibroadenomas and the closely related phyllodes tumours, revealing differences at the gene level, which may be of potential adjunctive diagnostic use. The present article provides an overview of key studies uncovering genetic and genomic abnormalities in fibroadenomas, from initial karyotype reports revealing myriad cytogenetic aberrations to next-generation sequencing-based approaches that led to the discovery of highly recurrent MED12 mutations. A thorough understanding of these abnormalities is important to further elucidate the mechanisms by which fibroadenomas arise and to refine diagnostic assessment of this very common tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Nathanael Loke
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Aye Aye Thike
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Yu Han Lee
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Tissue Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Pathology Laboratory, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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20
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Abstract
Background: The prognosis for most patients with primary brain tumors remains poor. Recent advances in molecular and cell biology have led to a greater understanding of molecular alterations in brain tumors. These advances are being translated into new therapies that will hopefully improve the prognosis for patients with brain tumors. Methods: We reviewed the literature on small molecule targeted agents and monoclonal antibodies used in brain tumor research and brain tumor clinical trials for the past 20 years. Results: Brain tumors commonly express molecular abnormalities. These alterations can lead to the activation of cell pathways involved in cell proliferation. This knowledge has led to interest in novel anti-brain-tumor therapies targeting key components of these pathways. Many drugs and monoclonal antibodies have been developed that modulate these pathways and are in various stages of testing. Conclusions: The use of targeted therapies against brain tumors promises to improve the prognosis for patients with brain tumors. However, as the molecular pathogenesis of brain tumors has not been linked to a single genetic defect or target, molecular agents may need to be used in combinations or in tandem with cytotoxic agents. Further study of these agents in well-designed cooperative clinical trials is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Butowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0350, USA
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21
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Huang JL, Jiang G, Song QX, Gu X, Hu M, Wang XL, Song HH, Chen LP, Lin YY, Jiang D, Chen J, Feng JF, Qiu YM, Jiang JY, Jiang XG, Chen HZ, Gao XL. Lipoprotein-biomimetic nanostructure enables efficient targeting delivery of siRNA to Ras-activated glioblastoma cells via macropinocytosis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15144. [PMID: 28489075 PMCID: PMC5436231 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivated Ras regulates many oncogenic pathways in several malignant human cancers including glioblastoma and it is an attractive target for cancer therapies. Ras activation in cancer cells drives protein internalization via macropinocytosis as a key nutrient-gaining process. By utilizing this unique endocytosis pathway, here we create a biologically inspired nanostructure that can induce cancer cells to 'drink drugs' for targeting activating transcription factor-5 (ATF5), an overexpressed anti-apoptotic transcription factor in glioblastoma. Apolipoprotein E3-reconstituted high-density lipoprotein is used to encapsulate the siRNA-loaded calcium phosphate core and facilitate it to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, thus targeting the glioblastoma cells in a macropinocytosis-dependent manner. The nanostructure carrying ATF5 siRNA exerts remarkable RNA-interfering efficiency, increases glioblastoma cell apoptosis and inhibits tumour cell growth both in vitro and in xenograft tumour models. This strategy of targeting the macropinocytosis caused by Ras activation provides a nanoparticle-based approach for precision therapy in glioblastoma and other Ras-activated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Meng Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hua-Hua Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Le-Pei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Di Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education &PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education &PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun-Feng Feng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yong-Ming Qiu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ji-Yao Jiang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xin-Guo Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education &PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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22
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Farnesylthiosalicylic acid sensitizes hepatocarcinoma cells to artemisinin derivatives. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171840. [PMID: 28182780 PMCID: PMC5300221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and artesunate (ARS), two artemisinin derivatives, have efficacious anticancer activities against human hepatocarcinoma (HCC) cells. This study aims to study the anticancer action of the combination treatment of DHA/ARS and farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS), a Ras inhibitor, in HCC cells (Huh-7 and HepG2 cell lines). FTS pretreatment significantly enhanced DHA/ARS-induced phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, Bak/Bax activation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytochrome c release, and caspase-8 and -9 activations, characteristics of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. Pretreatment with Z-IETD-FMK (caspase-8 inhibitor) potently prevented the cytotoxicity of the combination treatment of DHA/ARS and FTS, and pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK (pan-caspase inhibitor) significantly inhibited the loss of ΔΨm induced by DHA/ARS treatment or the combination treatment of DHA/ARS and FTS in HCC cells. Furthermore, silencing Bak/Bax modestly but significantly inhibited the cytotoxicity of the combination treatment of DHA/ARS and FTS. Interestingly, pretreatment with an antioxidant N-Acetyle-Cysteine (NAC) significantly prevented the cytotoxicity of the combination treatment of DHA and FTS instead of the combination treatment of ARS and FTS, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) played a key role in the anticancer action of the combination treatment of DHA and FTS. Similar to FTS, DHA/ARS also significantly prevented Ras activation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that FTS potently sensitizes Huh-7 and HepG2 cells to artemisinin derivatives via accelerating the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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23
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Doll S, Urisman A, Oses-Prieto JA, Arnott D, Burlingame AL. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Fundamental Regulatory Differences in Oncogenic HRAS and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1) Driven Astrocytoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:39-56. [PMID: 27834733 PMCID: PMC5217781 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.063883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs) are high-grade astrocytomas and the most common brain malignancies. Primary GBMs are often associated with disturbed RAS signaling, and expression of oncogenic HRAS results in a malignant phenotype in glioma cell lines. Secondary GBMs arise from lower-grade astrocytomas, have slower progression than primary tumors, and contain IDH1 mutations in over 70% of cases. Despite significant amount of accumulating genomic and transcriptomic data, the fundamental mechanistic differences of gliomagenesis in these two types of high-grade astrocytoma remain poorly understood. Only a few studies have attempted to investigate the proteome, phosphorylation signaling, and epigenetic regulation in astrocytoma. In the present study, we applied quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify the main signaling differences between oncogenic HRAS and mutant IDH1-driven glioma cells as models of primary and secondary GBM, respectively. Our analysis confirms the driving roles of the MAPK and PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways in HRAS driven cells and additionally uncovers dysregulation of other signaling pathways. Although a subset of the signaling changes mediated by HRAS could be reversed by a MEK inhibitor, dual inhibition of MEK and PI3K resulted in more complete reversal of the phosphorylation patterns produced by HRAS expression. In contrast, cells expressing mutant IDH1 did not show significant activation of MAPK or PI3K/mTOR pathways. Instead, global downregulation of protein expression was observed. Targeted proteomic analysis of histone modifications identified significant histone methylation, acetylation, and butyrylation changes in the mutant IDH1 expressing cells, consistent with a global transcriptional repressive state. Our findings offer novel mechanistic insight linking mutant IDH1 associated inhibition of histone demethylases with specific histone modification changes to produce global transcriptional repression in secondary glioblastoma. Our proteomic datasets are available for download and provide a comprehensive catalogue of alterations in protein abundance, phosphorylation, and histone modifications in oncogenic HRAS and IDH1 driven astrocytoma cells beyond the transcriptomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Doll
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 94158-2517 California
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 94158-2517 California
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 94158-2517 California
| | - David Arnott
- §Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, 94158-2517 California
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 94158-2517 California;
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24
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Huang CH, Lei KF, Tsang NM. Paper-based microreactor array for rapid screening of cell signaling cascades. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2911-20. [PMID: 27377153 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00647g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of cell signaling pathways is important for the study of pathogenesis of cancer. However, the related operations used in these studies are time consuming and labor intensive. Thus, the development of effective therapeutic strategies may be hampered. In this work, gel-free cell culture and subsequent immunoassay has been successfully integrated and conducted in a paper-based microreactor array. Study of the activation level of different kinases of cells stimulated by different conditions, i.e., IL-6 stimulation, starvation, and hypoxia, was demonstrated. Moreover, rapid screening of cell signaling cascades after the stimulations of HGF, doxorubicin, and UVB irradiation was respectively conducted to simultaneously screen 40 kinases and transcription factors. Activation of multi-signaling pathways could be identified and the correlation between signaling pathways was discussed to provide further information to investigate the entire signaling network. The present technique integrates most of the tedious operations using a single paper substrate, reduces sample and reagent consumption, and shortens the time required by the entire process. Therefore, it provides a first-tier rapid screening tool for the study of complicated signaling cascades. It is expected that the technique can be developed for routine protocol in conventional biological research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 333 Taiwan.
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25
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Quah SY, Tan MS, Teh YH, Stanslas J. Pharmacological modulation of oncogenic Ras by natural products and their derivatives: Renewed hope in the discovery of novel anti-Ras drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 162:35-57. [PMID: 27016467 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic rat sarcoma (Ras) is linked to the most fatal cancers such as those of the pancreas, colon, and lung. Decades of research to discover an efficacious drug that can block oncogenic Ras signaling have yielded disappointing results; thus, Ras was considered "undruggable" until recently. Inhibitors that directly target Ras by binding to previously undiscovered pockets have been recently identified. Some of these molecules are either isolated from natural products or derived from natural compounds. In this review, we described the potential of these compounds and other inhibitors of Ras signaling in drugging Ras. We highlighted the modes of action of these compounds in suppressing signaling pathways activated by oncogenic Ras, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. The anti-Ras strategy of these compounds can be categorized into four main types: inhibition of Ras-effector interaction, interference of Ras membrane association, prevention of Ras-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) formation, and downregulation of Ras proteins. Another promising strategy that must be validated experimentally is enhancement of the intrinsic Ras-guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity by small chemical entities. Among the inhibitors of Ras signaling that were reported thus far, salirasib and TLN-4601 have been tested for their clinical efficacy. Although both compounds passed phase I trials, they failed in their respective phase II trials. Therefore, new compounds of natural origin with relevant clinical activity against Ras-driven malignancies are urgently needed. Apart from salirasib and TLN-4601, some other compounds with a proven inhibitory effect on Ras signaling include derivatives of salirasib, sulindac, polyamine, andrographolide, lipstatin, levoglucosenone, rasfonin, and quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Ying Quah
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Michelle Siying Tan
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Han Teh
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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26
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Chen F, Becker A, LoTurco J. Overview of Transgenic Glioblastoma and Oligoastrocytoma CNS Models and Their Utility in Drug Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 72:14.37.1-14.37.12. [PMID: 26995546 DOI: 10.1002/0471141755.ph1437s72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many animal models have been developed to investigate the sources of central nervous system (CNS) tumor heterogeneity. Reviewed in this unit is a recently developed CNS tumor model using the piggyBac transposon system delivered by in utero electroporation, in which sources of tumor heterogeneity can be conveniently studied. Their applications for studying CNS tumors and drug discovery are also reviewed. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Conn.,Current address: Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Albert Becker
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joseph LoTurco
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Conn
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Abstract
Ras GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) are important regulators for Ras activation, which is instrumental in tumor development. However, the mechanism underlying this regulation remains elusive. We demonstrate here that activated EGFR phosphorylates the Y593 residue of the protein known as family with sequence similarity 129, member B (FAM129B), which is overexpressed in many types of human cancer. FAM129B phosphorylation increased the interaction between FAM129B and Ras, resulting in reduced binding of p120-RasGAP to Ras. FAM129B phosphorylation promoted Ras activation, increasing ERK1/2- and PKM2-dependent β-catenin transactivation and leading to the enhanced glycolytic gene expression and the Warburg effect; promoting tumor cell proliferation and invasion; and supporting brain tumorigenesis. Our studies unearthed a novel and important mechanism underlying EGFR-mediated Ras activation in tumor development.
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Bunda S, Burrell K, Heir P, Zeng L, Alamsahebpour A, Kano Y, Raught B, Zhang ZY, Zadeh G, Ohh M. Inhibition of SHP2-mediated dephosphorylation of Ras suppresses oncogenesis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8859. [PMID: 26617336 PMCID: PMC4674766 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras is phosphorylated on a conserved tyrosine at position 32 within the switch I region via Src kinase. This phosphorylation inhibits the binding of effector Raf while promoting the engagement of GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and GTP hydrolysis. Here we identify SHP2 as the ubiquitously expressed tyrosine phosphatase that preferentially binds to and dephosphorylates Ras to increase its association with Raf and activate downstream proliferative Ras/ERK/MAPK signalling. In comparison to normal astrocytes, SHP2 activity is elevated in astrocytes isolated from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-prone H-Ras(12V) knock-in mice as well as in glioma cell lines and patient-derived GBM specimens exhibiting hyperactive Ras. Pharmacologic inhibition of SHP2 activity attenuates cell proliferation, soft-agar colony formation and orthotopic GBM growth in NOD/SCID mice and decelerates the progression of low-grade astrocytoma to GBM in a spontaneous transgenic glioma mouse model. These results identify SHP2 as a direct activator of Ras and a potential therapeutic target for cancers driven by a previously ‘undruggable' oncogenic or hyperactive Ras. Aberrant Ras signalling resulting in downstream Mek/Erk pathway activation is found in many cancers. Here, the authors show that the phosphatase SHP2 dephosphorylates Ras resulting in increased Ras activity, and that increased SHP2 activity is found in glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severa Bunda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Burrell
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street, East Tower, Toronto, M5G1L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Pardeep Heir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada
| | - Lifan Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Amir Alamsahebpour
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street, East Tower, Toronto, M5G1L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoshihito Kano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 9-701A, 101 College Street, Toronto, M5G1L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street, East Tower, Toronto, M5G1L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Ohh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada
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RasGRP3 regulates the migration of glioma cells via interaction with Arp3. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1850-64. [PMID: 25682201 PMCID: PMC4359336 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive primary brain tumors, are highly infiltrative. Although GBM express high Ras activity and Ras proteins have been implicated in gliomagenesis, Ras-activating mutations are not frequent in these tumors. RasGRP3, an important signaling protein responsive to diacylglycerol (DAG), increases Ras activation. Here, we examined the expression and functions of RasGRP3 in GBM and glioma cells. RasGRP3 expression was upregulated in GBM specimens and glioma stem cells compared with normal brains and neural stem cells, respectively. RasGRP3 activated Ras and Rap1 in glioma cells and increased cell migration and invasion partially via Ras activation. Using pull-down assay and mass spectroscopy we identified the actin-related protein, Arp3, as a novel interacting protein of RasGRP3. The interaction of RasGRP3 and Arp3 was validated by immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation, and PMA, which activates RasGRP3 and induces its translocation to the peri-nuclear region, increased the association of Arp3 and RasGRP3. Arp3 was upregulated in GBM, regulated cell spreading and migration and its silencing partially decreased these effects of RasGRP3 in glioma cells. In summary, RasGRP3 acts as an important integrating signaling protein of the DAG and Ras signaling pathways and actin polymerization and represents an important therapeutic target in GBM.
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Pandey V, Bhaskara VK, Babu PP. Implications of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in glioma. J Neurosci Res 2015; 94:114-27. [PMID: 26509338 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. Gliomas originate from astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neural stem cells or their precursors. According to WHO classification, gliomas are classified into four different malignant grades ranging from grade I to grade IV based on histopathological features and related molecular aberrations. The induction and maintenance of these tumors can be attributed largely to aberrant signaling networks. In this regard, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) network has been widely studied and is reported to be severely altered in glial tumors. Mutations in MAPK pathways most frequently affect RAS and B-RAF in the ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 pathways leading to malignant transformation. Also, it is linked to both inherited and sequential accumulations of mutations that control receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-activated signal transduction pathways, cell cycle growth arrest pathways, and nonresponsive cell death pathways. Genetic alterations that modulate RTK signaling can also alter several downstream pathways, including RAS-mediated MAP kinases along with JNK pathways, which ultimately regulate cell proliferation and cell death. The present review focuses on recent literature regarding important deregulations in the RTK-activated MAPK pathway during gliomagenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Pandey
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - Vasantha Kumar Bhaskara
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, AP, India
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Mondal S, Hsiao K, Goueli SA. A Homogenous Bioluminescent System for Measuring GTPase, GTPase Activating Protein, and Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Activities. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2015; 13:444-55. [PMID: 26167953 PMCID: PMC4605356 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2015.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPases play a major role in various cellular functions such as cell signaling, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cytoskeleton modulation, and cell motility. Deregulation or mutation of these proteins has considerable consequences resulting in multiple pathological conditions. Targeting GTPases and its regulators has been challenging due to paucity of convenient assays. In this study, we describe a homogenous bioluminescent assay for monitoring the activities of GTPase and its immediate regulators: GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Since Mg2+ plays a critical role in influencing the affinity of GTPases with guanosine triphosphate/guanosine diphosphate (GTP/GDP) and the process of nucleotide exchange, manipulating Mg2+ concentrations in the GTPase reaction buffer allows continuous progression of the GTPase cycle and faster hydrolysis of GTP. The assay relies on enzymatic conversion of GTP that remains after the GTPase reaction to ATP and detection of the generated ATP using the luciferin/luciferase combination. The GTPase/GAP/GEF-Glo assay system enables monitoring of GTPase, GAP-stimulated GTPase, GAP, and GEF activities. The system can also be used to analyze these proteins when expressed in cells as fusion proteins by performing the assay in a pulldown format. The assays showed minimal false hits upon testing for compound interference using the library of pharmacologically active compounds and its robustness was demonstrated by a high Z′-factor of 0.93 and CV of 2.2%. The assay system has a high dynamic range, formatted in a convenient add–mix–read, and applicable to high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhanjan Mondal
- 1 Research and Development , Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kevin Hsiao
- 1 Research and Development , Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Said A Goueli
- 1 Research and Development , Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin.,2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
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32
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Wolfson E, Schmukler E, Schokoroy ST, Kloog Y, Pinkas-Kramarski R. Enhancing FTS (Salirasib) efficiency via combinatorial treatment. Biol Cell 2015; 107:130-43. [PMID: 25735913 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Ras oncogene transmits signals, which regulate various cellular processes including cell motility, differentiation, growth and death. Since Ras signalling is abnormally activated in more than 30% of human cancers, Ras and its downstream signalling pathways are considered good targets for therapeutic interference. Ras is post-translationally modified by the addition of a farnesyl group, which permits its attachment to the plasma membrane. Exploiting this knowledge, a synthetic Ras inhibitor, S-trans, trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS; Salirasib), was developed. FTS resembles the farnesylcysteine group of Ras, and acts as an effective Ras antagonist. In the present review, the effect of FTS in combination with various other drugs, as tested in vitro and in vivo, and its therapeutic potential are discussed. As reviewed, FTS cooperates with diverse therapeutic agents, which significantly improves treatment outcome. Therefore, combinations of FTS with other agents have a potential to serve as anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eya Wolfson
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel
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Olmez I, Shen W, McDonald H, Ozpolat B. Dedifferentiation of patient-derived glioblastoma multiforme cell lines results in a cancer stem cell-like state with mitogen-independent growth. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1262-72. [PMID: 25787115 PMCID: PMC4459842 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) originates from cancer stem cells (CSCs). Characterization of CSC-specific signalling pathways would help identify new therapeutic targets and perhaps lead to the development of more efficient therapies selectively targeting CSCs. Here; we successfully dedifferentiated two patient-derived GBM cell lines into CSC-like cells (induced glioma stem cells, iGSCs) through expression of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog transcription factors. Transformed cells exhibited significant suppression of epidermal growth factor receptor and its downstream pathways. Compared with parental GBM cells, iGSCs formed large neurospheres even in the absence of exogenous mitogens; they exhibited significant sensitivity to salinomycin and chemoresistance to temozolomide. Further characterization of iGSCs revealed induction of NOTCH1 and Wnt/β-catenin signalling and expression of CD133, CD44 and ALDH1A1. Our results indicate that iGSCs may help us understand CSC physiology and lead to development of potential therapeutic interventions aimed at differentiating tumour cells to render them more sensitive to chemotherapy or other standard agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inan Olmez
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wangzhen Shen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hayes McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Non-Coding RNA Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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34
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Messaoudi K, Clavreul A, Lagarce F. Toward an effective strategy in glioblastoma treatment. Part I: resistance mechanisms and strategies to overcome resistance of glioblastoma to temozolomide. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:899-905. [PMID: 25744176 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease and the most lethal of adult brain tumors. Treatment is based on surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy by oral temozolomide (TMZ), which is the most potent chemotherapy agent for the treatment of GBM. Despite TMZ efficiency, the prognosis of these tumors remains poor. This is because of inherent or acquired resistance of glioma tumor cells to TMZ. This resistance is caused by DNA repair enzyme activity, overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), galectin-1, murine double minute 2 (Mdm2), p53 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mutations. Many strategies to overcome this resistance have been developed. In this review, we will describe the main mechanisms of GBM resistance to TMZ and different strategies developed to reverse the phenotype of these tumor cells. Finally, we will discuss the drawbacks and limitations of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Messaoudi
- LUNAM Université, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, Micro et Nanomedecines Biomimétiques, IBS, Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Anne Clavreul
- LUNAM Université, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, Micro et Nanomedecines Biomimétiques, IBS, Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédéric Lagarce
- LUNAM Université, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, Micro et Nanomedecines Biomimétiques, IBS, Angers Cedex 9, France; Service Pharmacie, CHU Angers, France.
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35
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Prabhu A, Sarcar B, Miller CR, Kim SH, Nakano I, Forsyth P, Chinnaiyan P. Ras-mediated modulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity regulates mitochondrial reserve capacity and contributes to glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:1220-30. [PMID: 25712957 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though altered metabolism representing a hallmark of cancer was proposed nearly a century ago, recent technological advances have allowed investigators to continue uncovering a previously unrecognized complexity of metabolic programs that drive tumorigenesis beyond that of aerobic glycolysis. METHODS The bioenergetic state of a diverse panel of glioblastoma models, including isogenic lines derived from a genetically engineered adult astrocytic mouse model and patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells, was determined at baseline and in stressed conditions. Mechanisms contributing to the discovered metabolic phenotypes were determined through molecular and chemical perturbation, and their biological consequences were evaluated in vivo and in patient samples. RESULTS Attenuated mitochondrial reserve capacity was identified as a common metabolic phenotype in glioblastoma lines. This phenotype was linked mechanistically with the capacity of Ras-mediated signaling to inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity through downregulation of PDH phosphatase (PDP) expression. PDP1 repression was validated clinically in patient-derived samples, suggesting that aberrant cellular signaling typical of glioblastoma actively modulates PDH activity. This phenotype was reversed through both chemical and molecular perturbation. Restoration of PDH activity through stable expression of PDP1-impaired tumorigenic potential. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the central role that PDH regulation plays as a downstream consequence of aberrant signaling associated with gliomagenesis and the scientific rationale to continue to develop and test clinical strategies designed to activate PDH as a form of anticancer therapy in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Prabhu
- Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (A.P., B.S., P.C.); Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (A.P., B.S., P.F., P.C.); Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (P.F.); Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (P.C.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.); Department of Neurologic Surgery and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (S-H.K., I.N.)
| | - Bhaswati Sarcar
- Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (A.P., B.S., P.C.); Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (A.P., B.S., P.F., P.C.); Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (P.F.); Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (P.C.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.); Department of Neurologic Surgery and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (S-H.K., I.N.)
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (A.P., B.S., P.C.); Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (A.P., B.S., P.F., P.C.); Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (P.F.); Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (P.C.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.); Department of Neurologic Surgery and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (S-H.K., I.N.)
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (A.P., B.S., P.C.); Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (A.P., B.S., P.F., P.C.); Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (P.F.); Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (P.C.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.); Department of Neurologic Surgery and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (S-H.K., I.N.)
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (A.P., B.S., P.C.); Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (A.P., B.S., P.F., P.C.); Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (P.F.); Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (P.C.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.); Department of Neurologic Surgery and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (S-H.K., I.N.)
| | - Peter Forsyth
- Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (A.P., B.S., P.C.); Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (A.P., B.S., P.F., P.C.); Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (P.F.); Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (P.C.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.); Department of Neurologic Surgery and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (S-H.K., I.N.)
| | - Prakash Chinnaiyan
- Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (A.P., B.S., P.C.); Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (A.P., B.S., P.F., P.C.); Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (P.F.); Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida (P.C.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.); Department of Neurologic Surgery and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (S-H.K., I.N.)
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Messaoudi K, Clavreul A, Danhier F, Saulnier P, Benoit JP, Lagarce F. Combined silencing expression of MGMT with EGFR or galectin-1 enhances the sensitivity of glioblastoma to temozolomide. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ejnm-2014-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFor several years, the first line of treatment of glioblastoma (GB) patients is based on surgical resection followed by fractioned radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). The effectiveness of this treatment is very limited due to the development by tumor cells of mechanisms of resistance to TMZ such as over-expression of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and galectin-1. In this study, we hypothesized that the targeting of MGMT, EGFR and galectin-1 (alone or in combination) by specifics siRNAs carried by chitosan-lipid nanocapsules (chitosan-LNCs) could enhance the sensitivity of U87MG cells to TMZ. We showed in vitro that (i) anti-MGMT and (ii) anti-EGFR or anti-galectin-1 siRNAs decreased significantly the expression of their corresponding proteins and increased the sensitivity of U87MG cells to TMZ. Additionally, the sensitivity of U87MG/MGMT- cells to TMZ was significantly increased when anti-EGFR and anti-galectin-1 siRNAs were combined with a percentage of living cells of 17.8±1.6% at 0.5 mg/mL concentration of TMZ. The combination of anti-MGMT siRNAs with either anti-EGFR or anti-galectin-1 siRNAs enhanced the sensitivity of U87MG/MGMT+ cells to TMZ in comparison to their separately use. No difference was observed between the association of the three siRNAs and other associations. At 0.5 mg/mL concentration of TMZ, the percentage of living cells decreased from 55.1±1.9% to 36.0±4.1% for anti-MGMT alone and the combination of anti-MGMT/anti-galectin-1/anti-EGFR siRNAs, respectively. These siRNA nanovectors represent a good alternative to enhance the effectiveness of the standard treatment of GB. This method could be implemented in future preclinical models for experimental cancer treatment of GB.
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Liu W, Wang Q, Zhao J, Zhang C, Liu Y, Zhang J, Bai X, Li X, Feng H, Liao M, Wang W, Li C. Integration of pathway structure information into a reweighted partial Cox regression approach for survival analysis on high-dimensional gene expression data. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1876-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00044k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accurately predicting the risk of cancer relapse or death is important for clinical utility.
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El Meskini R, Iacovelli AJ, Kulaga A, Gumprecht M, Martin PL, Baran M, Householder DB, Van Dyke T, Weaver Ohler Z. A preclinical orthotopic model for glioblastoma recapitulates key features of human tumors and demonstrates sensitivity to a combination of MEK and PI3K pathway inhibitors. Dis Model Mech 2014; 8:45-56. [PMID: 25431423 PMCID: PMC4283649 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the highest grade malignant brain tumor, are mostly ineffective, and better preclinical model systems are needed to increase the successful translation of drug discovery efforts into the clinic. Previous work describes a genetically engineered mouse (GEM) model that contains perturbations in the most frequently dysregulated networks in GBM (driven by RB, KRAS and/or PI3K signaling and PTEN) that induce development of Grade IV astrocytoma with properties of the human disease. Here, we developed and characterized an orthotopic mouse model derived from the GEM that retains the features of the GEM model in an immunocompetent background; however, this model is also tractable and efficient for preclinical evaluation of candidate therapeutic regimens. Orthotopic brain tumors are highly proliferative, invasive and vascular, and express histology markers characteristic of human GBM. Primary tumor cells were examined for sensitivity to chemotherapeutics and targeted drugs. PI3K and MAPK pathway inhibitors, when used as single agents, inhibited cell proliferation but did not result in significant apoptosis. However, in combination, these inhibitors resulted in a substantial increase in cell death. Moreover, these findings translated into the in vivo orthotopic model: PI3K or MAPK inhibitor treatment regimens resulted in incomplete pathway suppression and feedback loops, whereas dual treatment delayed tumor growth through increased apoptosis and decreased tumor cell proliferation. Analysis of downstream pathway components revealed a cooperative effect on target downregulation. These concordant results, together with the morphologic similarities to the human GBM disease characteristics of the model, validate it as a new platform for the evaluation of GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa El Meskini
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Anthony J Iacovelli
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alan Kulaga
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Michelle Gumprecht
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Philip L Martin
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Maureen Baran
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Deborah B Householder
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Terry Van Dyke
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Zoë Weaver Ohler
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Singh AR, Joshi S, George E, Durden DL. Anti-tumor effect of a novel PI3-kinase inhibitor, SF1126, in (12) V-Ha-Ras transgenic mouse glioma model. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:105. [PMID: 25425962 PMCID: PMC4243316 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growth factor mediated activation of RAS-MAP-kinase and PI3-kinase-AKT pathways are critical for the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. The attenuation of PI3-kinase/AKT signaling will be effective in regulating the tumorigenic phenotypes of the glioma cells. Methods Glioma cells derived from the brain of the 12 V-Ha-Ras transgenic mice were used to study the effect of PI-3 kinase inhibitor SF1126 on activation of AKT and ERK signaling, proliferation, vitronectin mediated migration and changes in the distribution of cortical actin on vitronectin in the glioma cells in vitro. The anti-tumor effects of SF1126 were also tested in vivo using pre-established tumors (subcutaneous injection of the glioma cells from 12 V-Ha-Ras transgenic mice) in a mouse xenograft model. Results Our results demonstrate that treatment of LacZ+, GFAP + and PCNA + 12 V-Ras Tg transformed astrocytes with SF1126 and LY294002 blocked the activation of AKT as well as EGF-induced phospho-ERK. Most notably, treatment of SF1126 blocked integrin-dependent migration in transwell and scratch assays and caused a significant change in the organization and distribution of cortical actin on vitronectin in the glioma cells. Moreover, SF1126 treatment inhibited in vitro proliferation of these cells and in vivo growth of pre-established subcutaneous tumors in a xenograft model. Conclusion The present study validate the potent anti-proliferative and anti-migratory activity of SF1126, in a V12 Ras oncogene driven glioma model and suggest that this effect is mediated potentially through a combined attenuation of PI3-kinase and MAP-kinase signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok R Singh
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
| | - Shweta Joshi
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
| | | | - Donald L Durden
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ; Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, UCSD Rady Children's Hospital, La Jolla, CA USA
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Magnus N, Meehan B, Garnier D, Hashemi M, Montermini L, Lee TH, Milsom C, Pawlinski R, Ohlfest J, Anderson M, Mackman N, Rak J. The contribution of tumor and host tissue factor expression to oncogene-driven gliomagenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:262-8. [PMID: 25450387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive form of glial brain tumors, associated with angiogenesis, thrombosis, and upregulation of tissue factor (TF), the key cellular trigger of coagulation and signaling. Since TF is upregulated by oncogenic mutations occurring in different subsets of human brain tumors we investigated whether TF contributes to tumourigenesis driven by oncogenic activation of EGFR (EGFRvIII) and RAS pathways in the brain. Here we show that TF expression correlates with poor prognosis in glioma, but not in GBM. In situ, the TF protein expression is heterogeneously expressed in adult and pediatric gliomas. GBM cells harboring EGFRvIII (U373vIII) grow aggressively as xenografts in SCID mice and their progression is delayed by administration of monoclonal antibodies blocking coagulant (CNTO 859) and signaling (10H10) effects of TF in vivo. Mice in which TF gene is disrupted in the neuroectodermal lineage exhibit delayed progression of spontaneous brain tumors driven by oncogenic N-ras and SV40 large T antigen (SV40LT) expressed under the control of sleeping beauty transposase. Reduced host TF levels in low-TF/SCID hypomorphic mice mitigated growth of glioma subcutaneously but not in the brain. Thus, we suggest that tumor-associated TF may serve as therapeutic target in the context of oncogene-driven disease progression in a subset of glioma.
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41
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Goldshmit Y, Trangle SS, Kloog Y, Pinkas-Kramarski R. Interfering with the interaction between ErbB1, nucleolin and Ras as a potential treatment for glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2014; 5:8602-13. [PMID: 25261371 PMCID: PMC4226707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The three oncogenes, ErbB receptors, Ras proteins and nucleolin may contribute to malignant transformation. Previously, we demonstrated that nucleolin could bind both Ras protein and ErbB receptors. We also showed that the crosstalk between the three proteins facilitates anchorage independent growth and tumor growth in nude mice, and that inhibition of this interaction in prostate and colon cancer cells reduces tumorigenicity. In the present study, we show that treatment with Ras and nucleolin inhibitors reduces the oncogenic effect induced by ErbB1 receptor in U87-MG cells. This combined treatment enhances cell death, reduces cell proliferation and cell migration. Moreover, we demonstrate a pivotal role of nucleolin in ErbB1 activation by its ligand. Nucleolin inhibitor prevents EGF-induced receptor activation and its downstream signaling followed by reduced proliferation. Furthermore, inhibition of Ras by Salirasib (FTS), mainly reduces cell viability and motility. The combined treatment, which targets both Ras and nucleolin, additively reduces tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that targeting both nucleolin and Ras may represent an additional opportunity for inhibiting cancers, including glioblastoma, that are driven by these oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Goldshmit
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Australia
| | | | - Yoel Kloog
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel
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Bastien JIL, McNeill KA, Fine HA. Molecular characterizations of glioblastoma, targeted therapy, and clinical results to date. Cancer 2014; 121:502-16. [PMID: 25250735 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, extensive multiplatform genome-wide analysis has yielded a wealth of knowledge regarding the genetic and molecular makeup of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). These profiling studies support the emerging view that GBM comprises a group of highly heterogeneous tumor types, each with its own distinct molecular and genetic signatures. This heterogeneity complicates the process of defining reliable intertumor/intratumor biological states, which will ultimately be needed for classifying tumors and for designing effective customized therapies that target resultant disease pathways. The increased understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of GBM has brought the hope and expectation that such knowledge will lead to better and more rational therapies directed toward specific molecular targets. To date, however, these expectations have largely been unrealized. This review discusses some of the principal genetic and epigenetic aberrations found in GBM that appear promising for targeted therapies now and in the near future, and it offers suggestions for future directions concerning the rather disappointing results of clinical trials to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson I L Bastien
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
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Zahonero C, Sánchez-Gómez P. EGFR-dependent mechanisms in glioblastoma: towards a better therapeutic strategy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3465-88. [PMID: 24671641 PMCID: PMC11113227 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a particularly resilient cancer, and while therapies may be able to reach the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier, they then have to deal with a highly invasive tumor that is very resistant to DNA damage. It seems clear that in order to kill aggressive glioma cells more efficiently and with fewer side effects on normal tissue, there must be a shift from classical cytotoxic chemotherapy to more targeted therapies. Since the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is altered in almost 50% of glioblastomas, it currently represents one of the most promising therapeutic targets. In fact, it has been associated with several distinct steps in tumorigenesis, from tumor initiation to tumor growth and survival, and also with the regulation of cell migration and angiogenesis. However, inhibitors of the EGFR kinase have produced poor results with this type of cancer in clinical trials, with no clear explanation for the tumor resistance observed. Here we will review what we know about the expression and function of EGFR in cancer and in particular in gliomas. We will also evaluate which are the possible molecular and cellular escape mechanisms. As a result, we hope that this review will help improve the design of future EGFR-targeted therapies for glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zahonero
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, Madrid, Spain
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44
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Src promotes GTPase activity of Ras via tyrosine 32 phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E3785-94. [PMID: 25157176 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406559111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Ras GTPase and various other components of the Ras signaling pathways are among the most common genetic alterations in human cancers and also have been identified in several familial developmental syndromes. Over the past few decades it has become clear that the activity or the oncogenic potential of Ras is dependent on the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src to promote the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway essential for proliferation, differentiation, and survival of eukaryotic cells. However, no direct relationship between Ras and Src has been established. We show here that Src binds to and phosphorylates GTP-, but not GDP-, loaded Ras on a conserved Y32 residue within the switch I region in vitro and that in vivo, Ras-Y32 phosphorylation markedly reduces the binding to effector Raf and concomitantly increases binding to GTPase-activating proteins and the rate of GTP hydrolysis. These results suggest that, in the context of predetermined crystallographic structures, Ras-Y32 serves as an Src-dependent keystone regulatory residue that modulates Ras GTPase activity and ensures unidirectionality to the Ras GTPase cycle.
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45
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Annibali D, Whitfield JR, Favuzzi E, Jauset T, Serrano E, Cuartas I, Redondo-Campos S, Folch G, Gonzàlez-Juncà A, Sodir NM, Massó-Vallés D, Beaulieu ME, Swigart LB, Mc Gee MM, Somma MP, Nasi S, Seoane J, Evan GI, Soucek L. Myc inhibition is effective against glioma and reveals a role for Myc in proficient mitosis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4632. [PMID: 25130259 PMCID: PMC4143920 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary tumours affecting the adult central nervous system and respond poorly to standard therapy. Myc is causally implicated in most human tumours and the majority of glioblastomas have elevated Myc levels. Using the Myc dominant negative Omomyc, we previously showed that Myc inhibition is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we preclinically validate Myc inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in mouse and human glioma, using a mouse model of spontaneous multifocal invasive astrocytoma and its derived neuroprogenitors, human glioblastoma cell lines, and patient-derived tumours both in vitro and in orthotopic xenografts. Across all these experimental models we find that Myc inhibition reduces proliferation, increases apoptosis and remarkably, elicits the formation of multinucleated cells that then arrest or die by mitotic catastrophe, revealing a new role for Myc in the proficient division of glioma cells. Myc has been implicated in the development of multiple types of cancer. Here, the authors explore the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of Myc inhibition in mouse and human models of glioblastoma, an aggressive type of tumour that is often resistant to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Annibali
- 1] Department of Pathology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA [2] Istituto di Biologia, Medicina Molecolare e NanoBiotecnologie, C.N.R., Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy [3]
| | - Jonathan R Whitfield
- 1] Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Mediterrània, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain [3]
| | - Emilia Favuzzi
- Istituto di Biologia, Medicina Molecolare e NanoBiotecnologie, C.N.R., Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Toni Jauset
- 1] Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Mediterrània, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erika Serrano
- 1] Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Mediterrània, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuartas
- 1] Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Mediterrània, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Redondo-Campos
- 1] Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Mediterrània, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Folch
- 1] Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Mediterrània, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Gonzàlez-Juncà
- 1] Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Mediterrània, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicole M Sodir
- 1] Department of Pathology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Daniel Massó-Vallés
- 1] Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Mediterrània, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marie-Eve Beaulieu
- 1] Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Mediterrània, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lamorna B Swigart
- Department of Pathology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Margaret M Mc Gee
- UCD School of Biomolecular &Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Maria Patrizia Somma
- Istituto di Biologia, Medicina Molecolare e NanoBiotecnologie, C.N.R., Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Nasi
- Istituto di Biologia, Medicina Molecolare e NanoBiotecnologie, C.N.R., Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Joan Seoane
- 1] Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Mediterrània, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain [3] Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard I Evan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Laura Soucek
- 1] Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Mediterrània, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Paul I, Bhattacharya S, Chatterjee A, Ghosh MK. Current Understanding on EGFR and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Glioma and Their Possible Crosstalk. Genes Cancer 2014; 4:427-46. [PMID: 24386505 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913503341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs) are extensively heterogeneous at both cellular and molecular levels. Current therapeutic strategies include targeting of key signaling molecules using pharmacological inhibitors in combination with genotoxic agents such as temozolomide. In spite of all efforts, the prognosis of glioma patients remains dismal. Therefore, a proper understanding of individual molecular pathways responsible for the progression of GBM is necessary. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is probably the most significant signaling pathway clinically implicated in glioma. Not surprisingly, anti-EGFR therapies mostly prevail for therapeutic purposes. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is well implicated in multiple tumors; however, its role in glioma has only recently started to emerge. We give a concise account of the current understanding of the role of both these pathways in glioma. Last, taking evidences from a limited literature, we outline a number of points where these pathways intersect each other and put forward the possibility of combinatorially targeting them for treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Paul
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Seemana Bhattacharya
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Chatterjee
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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A graphic method for identification of novel glioma related genes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:891945. [PMID: 25050377 PMCID: PMC4094879 DOI: 10.1155/2014/891945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioma, as the most common and lethal intracranial tumor, is a serious disease that causes many deaths every year. Good comprehension of the mechanism underlying this disease is very helpful to design effective treatments. However, up to now, the knowledge of this disease is still limited. It is an important step to understand the mechanism underlying this disease by uncovering its related genes. In this study, a graphic method was proposed to identify novel glioma related genes based on known glioma related genes. A weighted graph was constructed according to the protein-protein interaction information retrieved from STRING and the well-known shortest path algorithm was employed to discover novel genes. The following analysis suggests that some of them are related to the biological process of glioma, proving that our method was effective in identifying novel glioma related genes. We hope that the proposed method would be applied to study other diseases and provide useful information to medical workers, thereby designing effective treatments of different diseases.
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Messaoudi K, Saulnier P, Boesen K, Benoit JP, Lagarce F. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor siRNA carried by chitosan-transacylated lipid nanocapsules increases sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to temozolomide. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1479-90. [PMID: 24711698 PMCID: PMC3969342 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s59134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a crucial protein that plays an important role in the maintenance and development of glioblastomas. The silencing or knockdown of EGFR is possible by administering a small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA). Lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) covered by chitosan were developed in our laboratory by a transacylation process. The resulting nanocapsules have a positive zeta potential that enables electrostatic interactions with the negatively-charged siRNA. Prior to transfection, the cytotoxicity of the nanocapsules by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS) test was performed on the U87MG cell line to determine non-toxic levels of the LNCs to avoid cell mortality. Treatment of the U87MG cells with the chitosan-transacylated LNCs/anti-EGFR siRNA complex resulted in a reduction of EGFR expression by 51.95% ± 6.03% (P ≤ 0.05) after 96 hours of incubation. It also increased the cellular sensitivity to temozolomide in comparison to untreated cells with siRNA. The largest increase in mortality was 62.55% ± 3.55% (P<0.05). This successful knockdown provides proof for the concept of surface grafting of siRNA onto LNCs to modify cell sensitivity to temozolomide. The method could be implemented in future clinical models regarding the experimental treatment of glioblastoma cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Messaoudi
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France
| | - Patrick Saulnier
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France
| | - Kim Boesen
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Benoit
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France ; Pharmacy Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Frederic Lagarce
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France ; Pharmacy Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
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Janbazian L, Karamchandani J, Das S. Mouse models of glioblastoma: lessons learned and questions to be answered. J Neurooncol 2014; 118:1-8. [PMID: 24522719 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumour in adults. While many patients achieve disease remission following treatment with surgical resection, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, this remission is brief and invariably followed by tumour recurrence and progression. Recent work using mouse models of the disease, coupled with data generated by The Cancer Genome Atlas, have given us new insights into the mechanisms that underlie gliomagenesis and result in glioblastoma heterogeneity. These findings suggest that the treatment of glioblastoma will require a more nuanced understanding of their biology and the employment of targeted therapeutic approaches. In this review, we will summarize the current state of mouse modeling in glioma, with a focus on how these models may inform our understanding of this disease and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loury Janbazian
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for SickKids, University of Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
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Chen F, Becker AJ, LoTurco JJ. Contribution of tumor heterogeneity in a new animal model of CNS tumors. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:742-53. [PMID: 24501428 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The etiology of central nervous system (CNS) tumor heterogeneity is unclear. To clarify this issue, a novel animal model was developed of glioma and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid-like tumor (ATRT) produced in rats by nonviral cellular transgenesis initiated in utero. This model system affords the opportunity for directed oncogene expression, clonal labeling, and addition of tumor-modifying transgenes. By directing HRasV12 and AKT transgene expression in different cell populations with promoters that are active ubiquitously (CAG promoter), astrocyte-selective (glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter), or oligodendrocyte-selective (myelin basic protein promoter) we generated glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, respectively. Importantly, the glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma tumors were distinguishable at both the cellular and molecular level. Furthermore, proneural basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, Ngn2 (NEUROG2) or NeuroD1, were expressed along with HRasV12 and AKT in neocortical radial glia, leading to the formation of highly lethal ATRT like tumors. This study establishes a unique model in which determinants of CNS tumor diversity can be parsed out and reveals that both mutation and expression of neurogenic bHLH transcription factors contribute to CNS tumor diversity. IMPLICATIONS A novel CNS tumor model reveals that oncogenic events occurring in disparate cell types and/or molecular contexts lead to different tumor types; these findings shed light on the sources of brain tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Chen
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; and 2Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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