1
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Fragiotta S, Bassis L, Abdolrahimzadeh B, Marino A, Sepe M, Abdolrahimzadeh S. Exploring Current Molecular Targets in the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration toward the Perspective of Long-Term Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4433. [PMID: 38674018 PMCID: PMC11050199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-lasting anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have become an option to reduce treatment frequency, with ongoing research exploring optimal responses and safety profiles. This review delves into molecular targets, pharmacological aspects, and strategies for achieving effective and enduring disease control in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The molecular pathways involved in macular neovascularization, including angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, are explored. VEGF, PlGF, Ang-1, and Ang-2 play crucial roles in regulating angiogenesis, influencing vessel growth, maturation, and stability. The complex interplay of these factors, along with growth factors like TGFβ and bFGF, contributes to the pathogenesis of neovascular membranes. Current anti-VEGF therapies, including bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept, brolucizumab, and faricimab, are discussed with a focus on their pharmacokinetics and clinical applications. Strategies to achieve sustained disease control in AMD involve smaller molecules, increased drug dosages, and novel formulations. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular targets and pharmacological aspects of neovascular AMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Fragiotta
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00189 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
- UOC Ophthalmology, Department of Surgical Areas, S.M. Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Lorena Bassis
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00189 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Alessandra Marino
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00189 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
- St. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Sepe
- UOC Ophthalmology, Department of Surgical Areas, S.M. Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00189 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
- St. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
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2
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Fan P, Zhang N, Candi E, Agostini M, Piacentini M, Shi Y, Huang Y, Melino G. Alleviating hypoxia to improve cancer immunotherapy. Oncogene 2023; 42:3591-3604. [PMID: 37884747 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia resulting from abnormal and dysfunctional tumor vascular network poses a substantial obstacle to immunotherapy. In fact, hypoxia creates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) through promoting angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), p53 inactivation, and immune evasion. Vascular normalization, a strategy aimed at restoring the structure and function of tumor blood vessels, has been shown to improve oxygen delivery and reverse hypoxia-induced signaling pathways, thus alleviates hypoxia and potentiates cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of tumor tissue hypoxia and its impacts on immune cells and cancer immunotherapy, as well as the approaches to induce tumor vascular normalization. We also summarize the evidence supporting the use of vascular normalization in combination with cancer immunotherapy, and highlight the challenges and future directions of this overlooked important field. By targeting the fundamental problem of tumor hypoxia, vascular normalization proposes a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and improve clinical outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fan
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Naidong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yuhui Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Ocran E, Chornenki NLJ, Bowman M, Sholzberg M, James P. Gastrointestinal bleeding in von Willebrand patients: special diagnostic and management considerations. Expert Rev Hematol 2023; 16:575-584. [PMID: 37278227 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2023.2221846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe and recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding caused by angiodysplasia is a significant problem in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) and in those with acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS). At present, angiodysplasia-related GI bleeding is often refractory to standard treatment including replacement therapy with von Willebrand factor (VWF) concentrates and continues to remain a major challenge and cause of significant morbidity in patients despite advances in diagnostics and therapeutics. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews the available literature on GI bleeding in VWD patients, examines the molecular mechanisms implicated in angiodysplasia-related GI bleeding, and summarizes existing strategies in the management of bleeding GI angiodysplasia in patients with VWF abnormalities. Suggestions are made for further research directions. EXPERT OPINION Bleeding from angiodysplasia poses a significant challenge for individuals with abnormal VWF. Diagnosis remains a challenge and may require multiple radiologic and endoscopic investigations. Additionally, there is a need for enhanced understanding at a molecular level to identify effective therapies. Future studies of VWF replacement therapies using newer formulations as well as other adjunctive treatments to prevent and treat bleeding will hopefully improve care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Ocran
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | | | - Michelle Sholzberg
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, St. Michael's Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paula James
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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4
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Sesti F, Puliani G, Feola T, Campolo F, Sciarra F, Hasenmajer V, Lenzi A, Faggiano A, Isidori AM, Venneri MA, Giannetta E. Characterization of circulating immune cells and correlation with Tie2/Angiopoietins level in well differentiated neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors: a cross-sectional analysis. Endocrine 2023; 80:221-230. [PMID: 36509928 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immune environment represents a new, but little explored, tool for understanding neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) behavior. An immunosuppressed microenvironment is hypothesized to promote NENs progression. A missing profiling of circulating leukocyte and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) subpopulations would open new perspectives in the still limited diagnostic-therapeutic management of NENs. METHODS A cross-sectional case-control pilot study was performed recruiting 30 consecutive subjects: 15 patients naïve to treatment, with histologically proven gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and 15 healthy controls, matched for age and sex. PBMCs subpopulations were studied by flow cytometry. Soluble Tie2 (sTie2), Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) were evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS Immune cell profiling revealed a significant lower CD3-CD56+ natural killer (NK) cell count in NETs vs controls (p = 0.04). NK subset analysis showed a reduced relative count of CD56+CD16+ NK cells (p =0.002) in NETs vs controls. Patients with NET showed a higher percentage of CD14+CD16++ non-classical monocytes (p = 0.01), and a lower percentage of CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes (p = 0.04). A decrease in percentage (p = 0.004) of CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes was found in NET patients. Evaluation of cellular and serum angiopoietin pathway mediators revealed in NET patients a higher relative count of Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) (p < 0.001), and high levels of Ang-1 (p = 0.003) and Ang-2 (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Patients with GEP-NET presented an immunosuppressed environment characterized by a low count of cytotoxic NK cells, a high count of anti-inflammatory non-classical monocytes, and a low count of T-helper lymphocytes. Higher levels of TEMs and angiopoietins suggest a crosstalk between innate immunity and angiogenic pathways in NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Puliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - T Feola
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroendocrinology, Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - F Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - V Hasenmajer
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Faggiano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M A Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - E Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Fitzgerald KN, Motzer RJ, Lee CH. Adjuvant therapy options in renal cell carcinoma - targeting the metastatic cascade. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:179-193. [PMID: 36369389 PMCID: PMC10921989 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is primarily managed with nephrectomy, which is performed with curative intent. However, disease recurs in ~20% of patients. Treatment with adjuvant therapies is used after surgery with the intention of curing additional patients by disrupting the establishment, maturation or survival of micrometastases, processes collectively referred to as the metastatic cascade. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown efficacy in the treatment of metastatic RCC, increasing the interest in the utility of these agents in the adjuvant setting. Pembrolizumab, an inhibitor of the immune checkpoint PD1, is now approved by the FDA and is under review by European regulatory agencies for the adjuvant treatment of patients with localized resected clear cell RCC based on the results of the KEYNOTE-564 trial. However, the optimal use of immunotherapy and VEGFR-targeting TKIs for adjuvant treatment of RCC is not completely understood. These agents disrupt the metastatic cascade at multiple steps, providing biological rationale for further investigating the applications of these therapeutics in the adjuvant setting. Clinical trials to evaluate adjuvant therapeutics in RCC are ongoing, and clinical considerations must guide the practical use of immunotherapy and TKI agents for the adjuvant treatment of localized resected RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Fitzgerald
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Motzer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chung-Han Lee
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Highly concentrated trehalose induces prohealing senescence-like state in fibroblasts via CDKN1A/p21. Commun Biol 2023; 6:13. [PMID: 36609486 PMCID: PMC9822918 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is the nonreducing disaccharide of glucose, evolutionarily conserved in invertebrates. The living skin equivalent (LSE) is an organotypic coculture containing keratinocytes cultivated on fibroblast-populated dermal substitutes. We demonstrated that human primary fibroblasts treated with highly concentrated trehalose promote significantly extensive spread of the epidermal layer of LSE without any deleterious effects. The RNA-seq analysis of trehalose-treated 2D and 3D fibroblasts at early time points revealed the involvement of the CDKN1A pathway, the knockdown of which significantly suppressed the upregulation of DPT, ANGPT2, VEGFA, EREG, and FGF2. The trehalose-treated fibroblasts were positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase. Finally, transplantation of the dermal substitute with trehalose-treated fibroblasts accelerated wound closure and increased capillary formation significantly in the experimental mouse wounds in vivo, which was canceled by the CDKN1A knockdown. These data indicate that high-concentration trehalose can induce the senescence-like state in fibroblasts via CDKN1A/p21, which may be therapeutically useful for optimal wound repair.
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7
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Kantarci A, Kansal S, Hasturk H, Stephens D, Van Dyke TE. Resolvin E1 Reduces Tumor Growth in a Xenograft Model of Lung Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1470-1484. [PMID: 35944728 PMCID: PMC9552033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a significant role in carcinogenesis and tumor growth. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that resolvin E1 (RvE1) and overexpression of the receptor for RvE1 (ERV1) will prevent and/or reverse tumor generation in a gain-of-function mouse model of tumor seeding with lung cancer cells. To measure the impact of enhanced resolution of inflammation on cancer pathogenesis, ERV1-overexpressing transgenic (TG) and wild-type FVB mice were given an injection of 1 × 106 LA-P0297 cells subcutaneously and were treated with RvE1 (100 ng; intraperitoneally) or placebo. To assess the impact of RvE1 as an adjunct to chemotherapy, ERV1-TG and wild-type FVB mice were treated with cisplatin or cisplatin + RvE1. RvE1 significantly prevented tumor growth and reduced tumor size, cyclooxygenase-2, NF-κB, and proinflammatory cytokines in TG animals as compared to wild-type animals. A significant decrease in Ki-67, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin (Ang)-1, and Ang-2 was also observed in TG animals as compared to wild-type animals. Tumor-associated neutrophils and macrophages were significantly reduced by RvE1 in transgenics (P < 0.001). RvE1 administration with cisplatin led to a significant reduction of tumor volume and reduced cyclooxygenase-2, NF-κB, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, Ang-1, and Ang-2. These data suggest that RvE1 prevents inflammation and vascularization, reduces tumor seeding and tumor size, and, when used as an adjunct to chemotherapy, enhances tumor reduction at significantly lower doses of cisplatin.
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8
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Yahya F, Mohd Bakri M, Hossain MZ, Syed Abdul Rahman SN, Mohammed Alabsi A, Ramanathan A. Combination Treatment of TRPV4 Agonist with Cisplatin Promotes Vessel Normalization in an Animal Model of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58091229. [PMID: 36143906 PMCID: PMC9504292 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy in the world. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel has been shown to be involved in angiogenesis in multiple types of tumors. However, not much is known about TRPV4′s involvement in OSCC. Thus, in this study, we investigate the effect of administering a TRPV4 agonist on angiogenesis in OSCC. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study. 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) was used to induce OSCC. Cisplatin (an anticancer drug), and GSK1016790A (an agonist for TRPV4) was used in this study. Immunohistochemistry was employed to examine the TRPV4 expression. An RT2 Profiler PCR Array was performed for gene expression analysis of TRPV4, vascular growth factors that correspond directly with angiogenesis, such as angiopoietin (Ang-1 and Ang-2), and tyrosine kinase (Tie-1 and Tie-2) receptors. Tumor vessel maturity was assessed by microvessel density and microvessel-pericyte-coverage index. Results: RT2 profiler PCR array showed significant elevated levels of Ang-1 (2.1-fold change; p < 0.05) and Tie-2 (4.5-fold change; p < 0.05) in OSCC following the administration of a combination of GSK1016790A and cisplatin. Additionally, the combination treatment significantly reduced the microvessel density (p < 0.01) and significantly increased the percentage of microvessels covered with pericytes (p < 0.01) in OSCC. Furthermore, tumor size was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in rats that received cisplatin alone. The combination treatment also greatly reduced the tumor size; however, the data were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that combining a TRPV4 agonist with cisplatin for treatment of OSCC promote vessels normalization via modulation of Ang-1/Tie-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Yahya
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (F.Y.); (S.N.S.A.R.)
| | - Marina Mohd Bakri
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (F.Y.); (S.N.S.A.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohammad Zakir Hossain
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
| | - Syarifah Nur Syed Abdul Rahman
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (F.Y.); (S.N.S.A.R.)
| | - Aied Mohammed Alabsi
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Zhang Y, Zhu J, Zhang Z, He D, Zhu J, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Remodeling of tumor microenvironment for enhanced tumor chemodynamic/photothermal/chemo-therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:388. [PMID: 36028817 PMCID: PMC9419403 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer treatment is largely affected by the microenvironment of the tumors, which not only resists the tumors to the thermo/chemo-therapy, but also promotes their growth and invasion. In this work, the angiogenesis factor is balanced by combining with the breathing hyperoxygen, for regulating the tumor microenvironment and also for relieving hypoxia and high tissue interstitial pressure, which promote drug delivery to tumor tissues by increasing the in vivo perfusion and reversing the immunosuppressive tumor. In addition, the designed multifunctional nanoparticles have a great potential for applications to the tumor dual-mode imaging including magnetic resonance (MR) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. This work proposes a promising strategy to enhance the thermo/chemo-therapy efficacy by remodeling the tumor microenvironment, which would provide an alternative to prolong the lifetime of tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Dannong He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunsheng Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Rui Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Lee SY, Park J, Cho KH, Kim H, Shin HK. Isolinderalactone inhibits glioblastoma cell supernatant‑induced angiogenesis. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:328. [PMID: 36039052 PMCID: PMC9404699 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently occurring malignant brain tumor in adults and is characterized by a high degree of vascularization. Glioblastoma cells communicate with their microenvironment and stimulate blood vessel formation to support tumor progression. It has previously been reported that isolinderalactone induces apoptosis in GBM cells and suppresses the growth of glioblastoma xenograft tumors in vivo. Furthermore, isolinderalactone has been shown to inhibit the hypoxia-driven upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in U-87 GBM cells and strongly reduce VEGF-triggered angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the direct angiogenic effect of GBM and the effect of isolinderalactone on tumor angiogenesis were investigated. Culture supernatants were obtained from U-87 cells under normoxic or hypoxic conditions to provide normoxic conditioned medium (NCM) and hypoxic conditioned medium (HCM) respectively. The NCM and HCM were each used to treat to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), and their effects were observed using wounding migration and tube formation assays. HCM increased the migration and capillary-like tube formation of HBMECs when compared with NCM, and treatment with isolinderalactone suppressed the HCM-driven angiogenesis in vitro. Additionally, isolinderalactone decreased HCM-triggered angiogenic sprouting in HBMECs in a 3D microfluidic device after the application of an HCM-containing interstitial fluid flow. Furthermore, isolinderalactone strongly reduced HCM-triggered angiogenesis in an in vivo Matrigel plug assay in mice. These findings provide evidence of angiogenesis inhibition by isolinderalactone, and demonstrate the anti-angiogenic effect of isolinderalactone against the direct angiogenic effect of GBM tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiseon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
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11
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Cytokine chemokine network in tumor microenvironment: Impact on CSC properties and therapeutic applications. Cytokine 2022; 156:155916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Dong H, Yang D, Hu Y, Song X. Recent advances in smart nanoplatforms for tumor non-interventional embolization therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:337. [PMID: 35858896 PMCID: PMC9301833 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor embolization therapy has attracted great attention due to its high efficiency in inhibiting tumor growth by cutting off tumor nutrition and oxygen supply by the embolic agent. Although transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is the mainstream technique in the clinic, there are still some limitations to be considered, especially the existence of high risks and complications. Recently, nanomaterials have drawn wide attention in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and new types of therapies, such as photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy, owing to their unique optical, thermal, convertible and in vivo transport properties. Furthermore, the utilization of nanoplatforms in tumor non-interventional embolization therapy has attracted the attention of researchers. Herein, the recent advances in this area are summarized in this review, which revealed three different types of nanoparticle strategies: (1) nanoparticles with active targeting effects or stimuli responsiveness (ultrasound and photothermal) for the safe delivery and responsive release of thrombin; (2) tumor microenvironment (copper and phosphate, acidity and GSH/H2O2)-responsive nanoparticles for embolization therapy with high specificity; and (3) peptide-based nanoparticles with mimic functions and excellent biocompatibility for tumor embolization therapy. The benefits and limitations of each kind of nanoparticle in tumor non-interventional embolization therapy will be highlighted. Investigations of nanoplatforms are undoubtedly of great significance, and some advanced nanoplatform systems have arrived at a new height and show potential applications in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Dong
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University Jiangsu, 30 Zhongyang Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China. .,Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, 210048, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuejiao Song
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Integrated MRI–Immune–Genomic Features Enclose a Risk Stratification Model in Patients Affected by Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133249. [PMID: 35805021 PMCID: PMC9265092 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite crucial scientific advances, Glioblastoma (GB) remains a fatal disease with limited therapeutic options and a lack of suitable biomarkers. The unveiled competence of the brain immune system together with the breakthrough advent of immunotherapy has shifted the present translational research on GB towards an immune-focused perspective. Several clinical trials targeting the immunosuppressive GB background are ongoing. So far, results are inconclusive, underpinning our partial understanding of the complex cancer-immune interplay in brain tumors. High throughput Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging has shown the potential to decipher GB heterogeneity, including pathologic and genomic clues. However, whether distinct GB immune contextures can be deciphered at an imaging scale is still elusive, leaving unattained the non-invasive achievement of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Along these lines, we integrated genetic, immunopathologic and imaging features in a series of GB patients. Our results suggest that multiparametric approaches might offer new efficient risk stratification models, opening the possibility to intercept the critical events implicated in the dismal prognosis of GB. Abstract Background: The aim of the present study was to dissect the clinical outcome of GB patients through the integration of molecular, immunophenotypic and MR imaging features. Methods: We enrolled 57 histologically proven and molecularly tested GB patients (5.3% IDH-1 mutant). Two-Dimensional Free ROI on the Biggest Enhancing Tumoral Diameter (TDFRBETD) acquired by MRI sequences were used to perform a manual evaluation of multiple quantitative variables, among which we selected: SD Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), SD and mean Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC). Characterization of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME) involved the immunohistochemical analysis of PD-L1, and number and distribution of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) and CD163+ Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs), focusing on immune-vascular localization. Genetic, MR imaging and TIME descriptors were correlated with overall survival (OS). Results: MGMT methylation was associated with a significantly prolonged OS (median OS = 20 months), while no impact of p53 and EGFR status was apparent. GB cases with high mean ADC at MRI, indicative of low cellularity and soft consistency, exhibited increased OS (median OS = 24 months). PD-L1 and the overall number of TILs and CD163+TAMs had a marginal impact on patient outcome. Conversely, the density of vascular-associated (V) CD4+ lymphocytes emerged as the most significant prognostic factor (median OS = 23 months in V-CD4high vs. 13 months in V-CD4low, p = 0.015). High V-CD4+TILs also characterized TIME of MGMTmeth GB, while p53mut appeared to condition a desert immune background. When individual genetic (MGMTunmeth), MR imaging (mean ADClow) and TIME (V-CD4+TILslow) negative predictors were combined, median OS was 21 months (95% CI, 0–47.37) in patients displaying 0–1 risk factor and 13 months (95% CI 7.22–19.22) in the presence of 2–3 risk factors (p = 0.010, HR = 3.39, 95% CI 1.26–9.09). Conclusion: Interlacing MRI–immune–genetic features may provide highly significant risk-stratification models in GB patients.
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Rinderknecht H, Nussler AK, Steinestel K, Histing T, Ehnert S. Smoking Impairs Hematoma Formation and Dysregulates Angiogenesis as the First Steps of Fracture Healing. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050186. [PMID: 35621464 PMCID: PMC9137559 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fracture healing is an overly complex process in which inflammation, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis are tightly coupled, and delayed fracture repair is a very common health risk. One of the major causes of delayed healing is the formation of insufficient vasculature. Precise regulation of blood vessels in bone and their interplay with especially osteogenic processes has become an emerging topic within the last years; nevertheless, regulation of angiogenesis in (early) diseased fracture repair is still widely unknown. Here, we aim to develop an in vitro model for the analysis of early fracture healing which also enables the analysis of angiogenesis as a main influencing factor. As smoking is one of the main risk factors for bone fractures and developing a delay in healing, we model smoking and non-smoking conditions in vitro to analyze diverging reactions. Human in vitro fracture hematomas mimicking smokers’ and non-smokers’ hematomas were produced and analyzed regarding cell viability, inflammation, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, and angiogenic potential. We could show that smokers’ blood hematomas were viable and comparable to non-smokers. Smokers’ hematomas showed an increase in inflammation and a decrease in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential. When analyzing angiogenesis, we could show that the smokers’ hematomas secrete factors that drastically reduced HUVEC proliferation and tube formation. With an angiogenesis array and gene expression analysis, we could identify the main influencing factors: Anpgt1/2, Tie2, and VEGFR2/3. In conclusion, our model is suitable to mimic smoking conditions in vitro showing that smoking negatively impacts early vascularization of newly formed tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Rinderknecht
- Siegfried-Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Center, University of Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany; (H.R.); (A.K.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- Siegfried-Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Center, University of Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany; (H.R.); (A.K.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Konrad Steinestel
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Tina Histing
- Siegfried-Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Center, University of Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany; (H.R.); (A.K.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried-Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Center, University of Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany; (H.R.); (A.K.N.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Puliani G, Sesti F, Anastasi E, Verrico M, Tarsitano MG, Feola T, Campolo F, Di Gioia CRT, Venneri MA, Angeloni A, Appetecchia M, Lenzi A, Isidori AM, Faggiano A, Giannetta E. Angiogenic factors as prognostic markers in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Endocrine 2022; 76:208-217. [PMID: 35088292 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiogenic markers in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) have recently received increasing attention, but their clinical role remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of angiogenic markers in NEN aggressiveness and prognosis. METHODS We performed a prospective observational study including 46 consecutive patients with proven NENs of pulmonary (45.65%) and gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) (54.35%) origin and 29 healthy controls. Circulating pro-angiogenic factors were measured by ELISA assay. ANG2 tissue expression was evaluated in a subgroup of ten patients by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The study demonstrated a significantly higher level of ANG2, ANG1, sTIE2, and PROK2 in patients affected by NENs compared to controls. In the NENs' group we measured that: (i) ANG2 levels were higher in poorly vs well-differentiated NENs: 4.85 (2.75-7.42) vs 3.16 (1.66-6.36) ng/ml, p = 0.046 and in tumor stage 3-4 compared to stage 1-2: 4.24 (2.66-8.72) vs 2.73 (1.53-5.70), p = 0.044; (ii) ANG2 and PROK2 were significantly higher in patents with progressive disease compared to stable disease: ANG2 = 6.26 (3.98-10.99) vs 2.73 (1.65-4.36) pg/ml, p = 0.001; PROK2 = 29.19 (28.42-32.25) vs 28.37 (28.14-28.91) pg/ml, p = 0.035. Immunohistochemistry confirmed ANG2 expression in tumor specimens. CONCLUSIONS We documented higher levels of angiogenic markers in NENs, with an association between ANG2 serum levels and NENs morphology and staging. In both GEP and lung NENs, ANG2 and PROK2 are higher in case of tumor progression, suggesting a potential role as prognostic markers in NENs patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Puliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Franz Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Anastasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Verrico
- Medical Oncology Unit A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Feola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroendocrinology, Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Appetecchia
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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16
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Li L, Chen X, Yu J, Yuan S. Preliminary Clinical Application of RGD-Containing Peptides as PET Radiotracers for Imaging Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837952. [PMID: 35311120 PMCID: PMC8924613 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a common feature of many physiological processes and pathological conditions. RGD-containing peptides can strongly bind to integrin αvβ3 expressed on endothelial cells in neovessels and several tumor cells with high specificity, making them promising molecular agents for imaging angiogenesis. Although studies of RGD-containing peptides combined with radionuclides, namely, 18F, 64Cu, and 68Ga for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging have shown high spatial resolution and accurate quantification of tracer uptake, only a few of these radiotracers have been successfully translated into clinical use. This review summarizes the RGD-based tracers in terms of accumulation in tumors and adjacent tissues, and comparison with traditional 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging. The value of RGD-based tracers for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, tumor subvolume delineation, and therapeutic response prediction is mainly discussed. Very low RGD accumulation, in contrast to high FDG metabolism, was found in normal brain tissue, indicating that RGD-based imaging provides an excellent tumor-to-background ratio for improved brain tumor imaging. However, the intensity of the RGD-based tracers is much higher than FDG in normal liver tissue, which could lead to underestimation of primary or metastatic lesions in liver. In multiple studies, RGD-based imaging successfully realized the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of solid tumors and also the prediction of chemoradiotherapy response, providing complementary rather than similar information relative to FDG imaging. Of most interest, baseline RGD uptake values can not only be used to predict the tumor efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy, but also to monitor the occurrence of adverse events in normal organs. This unique dual predictive value in antiangiogenic therapy may be better than that of FDG-based imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuanghu Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Duran CL, Borriello L, Karagiannis GS, Entenberg D, Oktay MH, Condeelis JS. Targeting Tie2 in the Tumor Microenvironment: From Angiogenesis to Dissemination. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225730. [PMID: 34830883 PMCID: PMC8616247 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The dissemination of cancer cells from their original location to distant organs where they grow, a process called metastasis, causes more than 90% of cancer deaths. The identification of the molecular mechanisms of metastasis and the development of anti-metastatic therapies are essential to increase patient survival. In recent years, targeting the tumor microenvironment has become a promising avenue to prevent both tumor growth and metastasis. As the tumor microenvironment contains not only cancer cells but also blood vessels, immune cells, and other non-cancerous cells, it is naïve to think that therapy only affects a single cell type in this complex environment. Here we review the importance, and ways to inhibit the function, of one therapeutic target: the receptor Tie2. Tie2 is a receptor present on the cell surface of several cell types within the tumor microenvironment and regulates tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis to distant organs. Abstract The Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed in vascular endothelial cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and tumor cells and has been a major focus of research in therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment. The most extensively studied Tie2 ligands are Angiopoietin 1 and 2 (Ang1, Ang2). Ang1 plays a critical role in vessel maturation, endothelial cell migration, and survival. Ang2, depending on the context, may function to disrupt connections between the endothelial cells and perivascular cells, promoting vascular regression. However, in the presence of VEGF-A, Ang2 instead promotes angiogenesis. Tie2-expressing macrophages play a critical role in both tumor angiogenesis and the dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor to secondary sites. Therefore, Ang-Tie2 signaling functions as an angiogenic switch during tumor progression and metastasis. Here we review the recent advances and complexities of targeting Tie2 signaling in the tumor microenvironment as a possible anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic, therapy and describe its use in combination with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L. Duran
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Lucia Borriello
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - George S. Karagiannis
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maja H. Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John S. Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Angermann R, Rauchegger T, Nowosielski Y, Seifarth C, Egger S, Kralinger MT, Kieselbach GF, Zehetner C. Systemic counterregulatory response of angiopoietin-2 after aflibercept therapy for nAMD: a potential escape mechanism. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e869-e875. [PMID: 33326179 PMCID: PMC8519089 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To analyse the effect of intravitreal aflibercept injections on systemic angiopoietin‐2 (Ang2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A levels in patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods In a prospective, randomized study, aflibercept (2.0 mg/50 µl) or ranibizumab (0.5 mg/50 µl) was administered intravitreally to 38 treatment‐naive patients. Blood samples were taken before, 7 days after, and 28 days after the first intravitreal therapy. Cytokine levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Twenty‐two age‐ and sex‐matched individuals served as controls. Results At baseline, there were no significant differences of systemic Ang2 and VEGF‐A levels among the treatment and control groups. After intravitreal aflibercept administration, median (interquartile range: IQR) systemic Ang2 was significantly upregulated from 1819 pg/ml (1262–3099) to 2123 pg/ml (1441–3769; p = 0.011) 7 days after the drug injection and remained non‐significantly elevated at 1944 pg/ml (1431–2546 pg/ml; p = 0.653) 28 days after the drug injection. Median (IQR) systemic VEGF‐A levels were significantly reduced from 43 pg/ml (30–57) to 8 pg/ml (8–8; p < 0.0001) 7 days and 16 pg/ml (8–26; p = 0.001) 28 days after the injection in the aflibercept group. There were no significant effects on systemic VEGF‐A and Ang2 levels in the ranibizumab group at any time point following the first injection. Conclusion In this study, we report significant systemic upregulation of Ang2 after intravitreal aflibercept administration. This counterregulatory response may represent a potential escape mechanism from antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Angermann
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
- Department of Ophthalmology Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Teresa Rauchegger
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Yvonne Nowosielski
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Christof Seifarth
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Stefan Egger
- Department of Ophthalmology Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | | | | | - Claus Zehetner
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
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19
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Kremheller J, Brandstaeter S, Schrefler BA, Wall WA. Validation and parameter optimization of a hybrid embedded/homogenized solid tumor perfusion model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 37:e3508. [PMID: 34231326 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to investigate the validity of a hybrid embedded/homogenized in-silico approach for modeling perfusion through solid tumors. The rationale behind this novel idea is that only the larger blood vessels have to be explicitly resolved while the smaller scales of the vasculature are homogenized. As opposed to typical discrete or fully resolved 1D-3D models, the required data can be obtained with in-vivo imaging techniques since the morphology of the smaller vessels is not necessary. By contrast, the larger vessels, whose topology and structure is attainable noninvasively, are resolved and embedded as one-dimensional inclusions into the three-dimensional tissue domain which is modeled as a porous medium. A sound mortar-type formulation is employed to couple the two representations of the vasculature. We validate the hybrid model and optimize its parameters by comparing its results to a corresponding fully resolved model based on several well-defined metrics. These tests are performed on a complex data set of three different tumor types with heterogeneous vascular architectures. The correspondence of the hybrid model in terms of mean representative elementary volume blood and interstitial fluid pressures is excellent with relative errors of less than 4%. Larger, but less important and explicable errors are present in terms of blood flow in the smaller, homogenized vessels. We finally discuss and demonstrate how the hybrid model can be further improved to apply it for studies on tumor perfusion and the efficacy of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kremheller
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard A Schrefler
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Wolfgang A Wall
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
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20
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Whelan IT, Moeendarbary E, Hoey DA, Kelly DJ. Biofabrication of vasculature in microphysiological models of bone. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34034238 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac04f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone contains a dense network of blood vessels that are essential to its homoeostasis, endocrine function, mineral metabolism and regenerative functions. In addition, bone vasculature is implicated in a number of prominent skeletal diseases, and bone has high affinity for metastatic cancers. Despite vasculature being an integral part of bone physiology and pathophysiology, it is often ignored or oversimplified inin vitrobone models. However, 3D physiologically relevant vasculature can now be engineeredin vitro, with microphysiological systems (MPS) increasingly being used as platforms for engineering this physiologically relevant vasculature. In recent years, vascularised models of bone in MPSs systems have been reported in the literature, representing the beginning of a possible technological step change in how bone is modelledin vitro. Vascularised bone MPSs is a subfield of bone research in its nascency, however given the impact of MPSs has had inin vitroorgan modelling, and the crucial role of vasculature to bone physiology, these systems stand to have a substantial impact on bone research. However, engineering vasculature within the specific design restraints of the bone niche is significantly challenging given the different requirements for engineering bone and vasculature. With this in mind, this paper aims to serve as technical guidance for the biofabrication of vascularised bone tissue within MPS devices. We first discuss the key engineering and biological considerations for engineering more physiologically relevant vasculaturein vitrowithin the specific design constraints of the bone niche. We next explore emerging applications of vascularised bone MPSs, and conclude with a discussion on the current status of vascularised bone MPS biofabrication and suggest directions for development of next generation vascularised bone MPSs.
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21
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Sphyris N, King C, Hoar J, Werden SJ, Vijay GV, Miura N, Gaharwar A, Sarkar TR. Carcinoma cells that have undergone an epithelial-mesenchymal transition differentiate into endothelial cells and contribute to tumor growth. Oncotarget 2021; 12:823-844. [PMID: 33889304 PMCID: PMC8057273 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia stimulates neoangiogenesis, promoting tumor outgrowth, and triggers the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which bestows cells with mesenchymal traits and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Here, we investigated whether EMT can confer endothelial attributes upon carcinoma cells, augmenting tumor growth and vascularization. Following orthotopic implantation of MCF-7 human epithelial breast cancer cells into mice, tumors of different sizes were immunostained for markers of hypoxia and EMT. Larger tumors were well-vascularized with CD31-positive cells of human origin. Hypoxic regions, demarcated by HIF-1α staining, exhibited focal areas of E-cadherin loss and elevated levels of vimentin and the EMT-mediator FOXC2. Implantation of MCF-7 cells, co-mixed with human mammary epithelial (HMLE) cells overexpressing the EMT-inducer Snail, markedly potentiated tumor growth and vascularization, compared with MCF-7 cells injected alone or co-mixed with HMLE-vector cells. Intra-tumoral vessels contained CD31-positive cells derived from either donor cell type. FOXC2 knockdown abrogated the potentiating effects of HMLE-Snail cells on MCF-7 tumor growth and vascularization, and compromised endothelial transdifferentiation of mesenchymal cells cultured in endothelial growth medium. Hence, cells that have undergone EMT can promote tumor growth and neovascularization either indirectly, by promoting endothelial transdifferentiation of carcinoma cells, or directly, by acquiring an endothelial phenotype, with FOXC2 playing key roles in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Sphyris
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Present address: Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Cody King
- Department of Biochemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Hoar
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Steven J Werden
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Geraldine V Vijay
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naoyuki Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akhilesh Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tapasree Roy Sarkar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
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22
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Haas G, Fan S, Ghadimi M, De Oliveira T, Conradi LC. Different Forms of Tumor Vascularization and Their Clinical Implications Focusing on Vessel Co-option in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:612774. [PMID: 33912554 PMCID: PMC8072376 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.612774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern anti-cancer therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) the anti-angiogenic treatment targeting sprouting angiogenesis is firmly established for more than a decade. However, its clinical benefits still remain limited. As liver metastases (LM) represent the most common metastatic site of colorectal cancer and affect approximately one-quarter of the patients diagnosed with this malignancy, its treatment is an essential aspect for patients' prognosis. Especially in the perioperative setting, the application of anti-angiogenic drugs represents a therapeutic option that may be used in case of high-risk or borderline resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) in order to achieve secondary resectability. Regarding CRCLM, one reason for the limitations of anti-angiogenic treatment may be represented by vessel co-option (VCO), which is an alternative mechanism of blood supply that differs fundamentally from the well-known sprouting angiogenesis and occurs in a significant fraction of CRCLM. In this scenario, tumor cells hijack pre-existing mature vessels of the host organ independently from stimulating new vessels formation. This represents an escape mechanism from common anti-angiogenic anti-cancer treatments, as they primarily target the main trigger of sprouting angiogenesis, the vascular endothelial growth factor A. Moreover, the mechanism of blood supply in CRCLM can be deduced from their phenotypic histopathological growth pattern (HGP). For that, a specific guideline has already been implemented. These HGP vary not only regarding their blood supply, but also concerning their tumor microenvironment (TME), as notable differences in immune cell infiltration and desmoplastic reaction surrounding the CRCLM can be observed. The latter actually serves as one of the central criteria for the classification of the HGP. Regarding the clinically relevant effects of the HGP, it is still a topic of research whether the VCO-subgroup of CRCLM results in an impaired treatment response to anti-angiogenic treatment when compared to an angiogenic subgroup. However, it is well-proved, that VCO in CRCLM generally relates to an inferior survival compared to the angiogenic subgroup. Altogether the different types of blood supply result in a relevant influence on the patients' prognosis. This reinforces the need of an extended understanding of the underlying mechanisms of VCO in CRCLM with the aim to generate more comprehensive approaches which can target tumor vessels alternatively or even other components of the TME. This review aims to augment the current state of knowledge on VCO in CRCLM and other tumor entities and its impact on anti-angiogenic anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn Haas
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shuang Fan
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago De Oliveira
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Li H. Angiogenesis in the progression from liver fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocelluar carcinoma. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:217-233. [PMID: 33131349 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1842732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Persistent inflammation and hypoxia are strong stimulus for pathological angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, and are also the most important elements resulting in liver fibrosis. Sustained inflammatory process stimulates fibrosis to the end-point of cirrhosis and sinusoidal portal hypertension is an important feature of cirrhosis. Neovascularization plays a pivotal role in collateral circulation formation of portal vein, mesenteric congestion, and high perfusion. Imbalance of hepatic artery and portal vein blood flow leads to the increase of hepatic artery inflow, which is beneficial to the formation of nodules. Angiogenesis contributes to progression from liver fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and anti-angiogenesis therapy can improve liver fibrosis, reduce portal pressure, and prolong overall survival of patients with HCC. Areas covers: This paper will try to address the difference of the morphological characteristics and mechanisms of neovascularization in the process from liver fibrosis to cirrhosis and HCC and further compare the different efficacy of anti-angiogenesis therapy in these three stages. Expert opinion: More in-depth understanding of the role of angiogenesis factors and the relationship between angiogenesis and other aspects of the pathogenesis and transformation may be the key to enabling future progress in the treatment of patients with liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Central Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
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24
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Daum S, Hagen H, Naismith E, Wolf D, Pircher A. The Role of Anti-angiogenesis in the Treatment Landscape of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer - New Combinational Approaches and Strategies of Neovessel Inhibition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:610903. [PMID: 33469537 PMCID: PMC7813779 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression depends primarily on vascular supply, which is facilitated by angiogenic activity within the malignant tissue. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly vascularized tumor, and inhibition of angiogenesis was projected to be a promising therapeutic approach. Over a decade ago, the first anti-angiogenic agents were approved for advanced stage NSCLC patients, however, they only produced a marginal clinical benefit. Explanations why anti-angiogenic therapies only show modest effects include the highly adaptive tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as the less understood characteristics of the tumor vasculature. Today, advanced methods of in-depth characterization of the NSCLC TME by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and preclinical observations enable a detailed characterization of individual cancer landscapes, allowing new aspects for a more individualized inhibition of angiogenesis to be identified. Furthermore, the tumor vasculature itself is composed of several cellular subtypes, which closely interact with other cellular components of the TME, and show distinct biological functions such as immune regulation, proliferation, and organization of the extracellular matrix. With these new insights, combinational approaches including chemotherapy, anti- angiogenic and immunotherapy can be developed to yield a more target-oriented anti-tumor treatment in NSCLC. Recently, anti-angiogenic agents were also shown to induce the formation of high endothelial venules (HEVs), which are essential for the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures, and key components in triggering anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of tumor-angiogenesis and corresponding anti-angiogenic therapies, as well as new aspects concerning characterization of tumor-associated vessels and the resulting new strategies for anti-angiogenic therapies and vessel inhibition in NSCLC. We will further discuss why anti-angiogenic therapies form an interesting backbone strategy for combinational therapies and how anti-angiogenic approaches could be further developed in a more personalized tumor-oriented fashion with focus on NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Daum
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hannes Hagen
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erin Naismith
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Medical Clinic 3, Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunoncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Preoperative bevacizumab does not increase complications following cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243252. [PMID: 33270763 PMCID: PMC7714141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative bevacizumab has been reported to increase postoperative complication risk following cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC). We sought to review our experience with preoperative bevacizumab in patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC for peritoneal surface malignancy. METHODS This is a retrospective review of patients who received neoadjuvant systemic therapy with or without bevacizumab prior to CRS/HIPEC at a high-volume academic center from 2007-2018. RESULTS Of 499 patients, a total of 88 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (n = 34) or in combination with bevacizumab (n = 54) within 3 months prior to CRS/HIPEC. No differences existed in 60-day major morbidity (17.6 vs. 16.7%, p = 0.81) or 60-day mortality (0 vs. 0%) between the two cohorts, and neoadjuvant bevacizumab was not associated with increased odds of overall complications (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.35-2.09, p = 0.73) or major morbidity (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.24-3.00, p = 0.81). Stratifying patients by primary tumor origin and post-operative complications did not reveal any significant differences between the two treatment groups. In addition, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were similar in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative bevacizumab is not associated with increased morbidity or mortality following CRS/HIPEC. Neoadjuvant therapy employing this biologic agent is safe and should not be a deterrent for aggressive cytoreduction with curative intent.
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26
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Ayala-Domínguez L, Pérez-Cárdenas E, Avilés-Salas A, Medina LA, Lizano M, Brandan ME. Quantitative Imaging Parameters of Contrast-Enhanced Micro-Computed Tomography Correlate with Angiogenesis and Necrosis in a Subcutaneous C6 Glioma Model. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3417. [PMID: 33217988 PMCID: PMC7698719 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to systematically obtain quantitative imaging parameters with static and dynamic contrast-enhanced (CE) X-ray imaging techniques and to evaluate their correlation with histological biomarkers of angiogenesis in a subcutaneous C6 glioma model. Enhancement (E), iodine concentration (CI), and relative blood volume (rBV) were quantified from single- and dual-energy (SE and DE, respectively) micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images, while rBV and volume transfer constant (Ktrans) were quantified from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) planar images. CI and rBV allowed a better discernment of tumor regions from muscle than E in SE and DE images, while no significant differences were found for rBV and Ktrans in DCE images. An agreement was found in rBV for muscle quantified with the different imaging protocols, and in CI and E quantified with SE and DE protocols. Significant strong correlations (Pearson r > 0.7, p < 0.05) were found between a set of imaging parameters in SE images and histological biomarkers: E and CI in tumor periphery were associated with microvessel density (MVD) and necrosis, E and CI in the complete tumor with MVD, and rBV in the tumor periphery with MVD. In conclusion, quantitative imaging parameters obtained in SE micro-CT images could be used to characterize angiogenesis and necrosis in the subcutaneous C6 glioma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lízbeth Ayala-Domínguez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer INCan/UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Enrique Pérez-Cárdenas
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Avilés-Salas
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Luis Alberto Medina
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer INCan/UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
- Departamento de Física Experimental, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer INCan/UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - María-Ester Brandan
- Departamento de Física Experimental, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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27
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High expression of Tie-2 predicts poor prognosis in primary high grade serous ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241484. [PMID: 33151982 PMCID: PMC7644024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antiangiogenic therapy, although part of standard treatment in ovarian cancer, has variable efficacy. Furthermore, little is known about the prognostic biomarkers and factors influencing angiogenesis in cancer tissue. We evaluated the expression of angiopoietin-2 and two endothelial tyrosine kinase receptors, Tie-1 and Tie-2, and assessed their value in the prediction of survival in patients with malignant epithelial ovarian cancer. We also compared the expression of these factors between primary high grade serous tumors and their distant metastasis. Materials and methods We evaluated 86 women with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Matched distal omental metastasis were investigated in 18.6% cases (N = 16). The expression levels of angiogenic factors were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 306 specimens and by qRT-PCR in 111 samples. Results A high epithelial expression level of Tie-2 is a significant prognostic factor in primary high grade serous ovarian cancer. It predicted significantly shorter overall survival both in univariate (p<0.001) and multivariate survival analyses (p = 0.022). Low angiopoietin-2 expression levels in primary ovarian tumors were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (p = 0.015) in the univariate survival analysis. A low expression of angiopoietin-2 was also significantly related to high grade tumors, size of residual tumor after primary surgery and the recurrence of cancer (p = 0.008; p = 0.012; p = 0.018) in the whole study population. The expression of angiopoietin-2 and Tie-2 was stronger in distal omental metastasis than in primary high grade serous tumors in matched-pair analysis (p = 0.001; p = 0.002). Conclusions The angiogenic factor, angiopoietin-2, and its receptor Tie-2 seem to be significant prognostic factors in primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Their expression levels are also increased in metastatic lesions in comparison with primary tumors.
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28
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Li Y, Dewar A, Kim YS, Dey SK, Sun X. Pregnancy success in mice requires appropriate cannabinoid receptor signaling for primary decidua formation. eLife 2020; 9:61762. [PMID: 32990600 PMCID: PMC7550189 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With implantation, mouse stromal cells begin to transform into epithelial-like cells surrounding the implantation chamber forming an avascular zone called the primary decidual zone (PDZ). In the mouse, the PDZ forms a transient, size-dependent permeable barrier to protect the embryo from maternal circulating harmful agents. The process of decidualization is critical for pregnancy maintenance in mice and humans. Mice deficient in cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, show compromised PDZ with dysregulated angiogenic factors, resulting in the retention of blood vessels and macrophages. This phenotype is replicated in Cnr1-/- but not in Cnr2-/-mice. In vitro decidualization models suggest that Cnr1 levels substantially increase in mouse and human decidualizing stromal cells, and that neutralization of CB1 signaling suppresses decidualization and misregulates angiogenic factors. Taken together, we propose that implantation quality depends on appropriate angiogenic events driven by the integration of CB2 in endothelial cells and CB1 in decidual cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingju Li
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Amanda Dewar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Yeon Sun Kim
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Sudhansu K Dey
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
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29
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Kim SH, Cho SH. Assessment of pelvic lymph node metastasis in FIGO IB and IIA cervical cancer using quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI parameters. Diagn Interv Radiol 2020; 26:382-389. [PMID: 32673204 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2020.19365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We prospectively determined whether the quantitative parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) are useful for predicting pelvic lymph node (LN) status in cervical cancer through node-by-node pathologic validation of images. METHODS Overall, 182 LNs harvested from 200 consecutive patients with 2018 FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical cancer (82 metastatic and 100 nonmetastatic) were used for node-by-node assessment. Each LN was quantitatively assessed using Ktrans, Ve, and Kep values. The short-axis diameter, ratio of the long-axis to short-axis diameter, and long-axis diameter were also assessed. Data on metastatic LNs were divided into four groups according to the FIGO staging system. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate statistically significant parameters derived from DCE-MRI for the differentiation of metastatic LNs from nonmetastatic LNs. RESULTS The mean short-axis diameter of metastatic LNs was significantly larger than that of nonmetastatic LNs (all P < 0.05) despite several overlaps. In comparison with nonmetastatic LNs, metastatic LNs showed a significantly lower Ktrans (all P < 0.05); however, Kep and Ve were not significantly different (all P > 0.05). For IB3 and IIA2 cervical cancer, Ktrans had moderate diagnostic ability for differentiating metastatic LNs from nonmetastatic LNs (for IB3: area under the curve [AUC] 0.740, 95% CI 0.657-0.838, 61.7% sensitivity, 80.2% specificity, P = 0.007; for IIA2: AUC 0.786, 95% CI 0.650-0.846, 60.2% sensitivity, 81.8% specificity, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Ktrans appears to be a useful parameter for detecting metastatic LNs, especially for IB3 and IIA2 cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Hyung Kim
- Departmet of Radiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine,, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Cho
- Departmet of Radiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine,, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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30
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Butkiewicz D, Gdowicz-Kłosok A, Krześniak M, Rutkowski T, Krzywon A, Cortez AJ, Domińczyk I, Składowski K. Association of Genetic Variants in ANGPT/TEK and VEGF/VEGFR with Progression and Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Radiotherapy or Radiochemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061506. [PMID: 32526933 PMCID: PMC7352333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for growth, progression, and metastasis of solid tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) and angiopoietin (ANGPT)/ tyrosine kinase endothelial (TEK) signaling plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis. Very little is known about the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in angiogenesis-related genes on treatment outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Therefore, we evaluated the association between SNPs in ANGPT1, ANGPT2, TEK, VEGF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 genes and five clinical endpoints in 422 HNSCC patients receiving radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis showed an association of ANGPT2 rs3739391, rs3020221 and TEK rs639225 with overall survival, and VEGF rs2010963 with overall and metastasis-free survival. VEGFR2 rs1870377 and VEGF rs699947 affected local recurrence-free survival in all patients. In the combination treatment subgroup, rs699947 predicted local, nodal, and loco-regional recurrence-free survival, whereas VEGFR2 rs2071559 showed an association with nodal recurrence-free survival. However, these associations were not statistically significant after multiple testing correction. Moreover, a strong cumulative effect of SNPs was observed that survived this adjustment. These SNPs and their combinations were independent risk factors for specific endpoints. Our data suggest that certain germline variants in ANGPT2/TEK and VEGF/VEGFR2 axes may have predictive and prognostic potential in HNSCC treated with radiation or chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Butkiewicz
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.G.-K.); (M.K.); (I.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Gdowicz-Kłosok
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.G.-K.); (M.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Krześniak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.G.-K.); (M.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Tomasz Rutkowski
- I Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (T.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Krzywon
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Alexander Jorge Cortez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Iwona Domińczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.G.-K.); (M.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Krzysztof Składowski
- I Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (T.R.); (K.S.)
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Park SY, Matte A, Jung Y, Ryu J, Anand WB, Han EY, Liu M, Carbone C, Melisi D, Nagasawa T, Locascio JJ, Lin CP, Silberstein LE, De Franceschi L. Pathologic angiogenesis in the bone marrow of humanized sickle cell mice is reversed by blood transfusion. Blood 2020; 135:2071-2084. [PMID: 31990287 PMCID: PMC7273832 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic red blood cell (RBC) disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Here, we report, for the first time, the impact of SCD on the bone marrow (BM) vascular niche, which is critical for hematopoiesis. In SCD mice, we find a disorganized and structurally abnormal BM vascular network of increased numbers of highly tortuous arterioles occupying the majority of the BM cavity, as well as fragmented sinusoidal vessels filled with aggregates of erythroid and myeloid cells. By in vivo imaging, sickle and control RBCs have significantly slow intravascular flow speeds in sickle cell BM but not in control BM. In sickle cell BM, we find increased reactive oxygen species production in expanded erythroblast populations and elevated levels of HIF-1α. The SCD BM exudate exhibits increased levels of proangiogenic growth factors and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Transplantation of SCD mouse BM cells into wild-type mice recapitulates the SCD vascular phenotype. Our data provide a model of SCD BM, in which slow RBC flow and vaso-occlusions further diminish local oxygen availability in the physiologic hypoxic BM cavity. These events trigger a milieu that is conducive to aberrant vessel growth. The distorted neovascular network is completely reversed by a 6-week blood transfusion regimen targeting hemoglobin S to <30%, highlighting the plasticity of the vascular niche. A better insight into the BM microenvironments in SCD might provide opportunities to optimize approaches toward efficient and long-term hematopoietic engraftment in the context of curative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Park
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alessandro Matte
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Yookyung Jung
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jina Ryu
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wilson Babu Anand
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eun-Young Han
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Min Liu
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joseph J Locascio
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Charles P Lin
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leslie E Silberstein
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
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Isolinderalactone suppresses human glioblastoma growth and angiogenic activity in 3D microfluidic chip and in vivo mouse models. Cancer Lett 2020; 478:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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González-González A, González A, Rueda N, Alonso-González C, Menéndez JM, Martínez-Campa C, Mitola S, Cos S. Usefulness of melatonin as complementary to chemotherapeutic agents at different stages of the angiogenic process. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4790. [PMID: 32179814 PMCID: PMC7076026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics are sometimes administered with drugs, like antiangiogenic compounds, to increase their effectiveness. Melatonin exerts antitumoral actions through antiangiogenic actions. We studied if melatonin regulates the response of HUVECs to chemotherapeutics (docetaxel and vinorelbine). The inhibition that these agents exert on some of the processes involved in angiogenesis, such as, cell proliferation, migratory capacity or vessel formation, was enhanced by melatonin. Regarding to estrogen biosynthesis, melatonin impeded the negative effect of vinorelbine, by decreasing the activity and expression of aromatase and sulfatase. Docetaxel and vinorelbine increased the expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-3, ANG1 and/or ANG-2 and melatonin inhibited these actions. Besides, melatonin prevented the positive actions that docetaxel exerts on the expression of other factors related to angiogenesis like JAG1, ANPEP, IGF-1, CXCL6, AKT1, ERK1, ERK2, MMP14 and NOS3 and neutralized the stimulating actions of vinorelbine on the expression of FIGF, FGFR3, CXCL6, CCL2, ERK1, ERK2, AKT1, NOS3 and MMP14. In CAM assay melatonin inhibited new vascularization in combination with chemotherapeutics. Melatonin further enhanced the chemotherapeutics-induced inhibition of p-AKT and p-ERK and neutralized the chemotherapeutics-caused stimulatory effect on HUVECs permeability by modifying the distribution of VE cadherin. Our results confirm that melatonin blocks proangiogenic and potentiates antiangiogenic effects induced by docetaxel and vinorelbine enhancing their antitumor effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia González-González
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Alicia González
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - Noemi Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Carolina Alonso-González
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Menéndez Menéndez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Campa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Laboratory for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Samuel Cos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
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Selvam SN, Bowman M, Inglis M, Kloosterman R, Grabell J, Casey L, Johri AM, James P. Patients with aortic stenosis have von Willebrand factor abnormalities and increased proliferation of endothelial colony forming cells. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:593-603. [PMID: 31860769 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with aortic stenosis (AS) can experience bleeding complications including gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplastic lesions due to acquired von Willebrand syndrome. Studies have pointed to a role for von Willebrand factor (VWF) in angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess VWF defects in AS patients over time and the impact on angiogenesis using patient-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). PATIENTS/METHODS Plasma sample collection and ECFC isolations were performed before valve replacement surgery, 3 to 5 days after, and 6 months after surgery. Plasma VWF antigen, activity, propeptide, collagen binding, multimers, factor VIII coagulant activity, and ADAMTS13 activity (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motifs 13) were determined. ECFCs were assessed for VWF and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) storage and secretion, cell proliferation, and tubule formation in Matrigel. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Aortic stenosis patients exhibited quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of VWF including significantly increased VWF antigen, activity, and propeptide levels following surgery (P < .01). Increased high molecular weight VWF multimers were observed at all time points and in particular 3 to 5 days after surgery (mean = 14% ± 6%) relative to before (mean = 10% ± 4%), suggesting increased proteolysis by ADAMTS13 pre-operatively in a shear-dependent manner. ECFCs from patients with aortic stenosis were more proliferative than controls (P < .05) and had increased retention of Ang-2 (P < .05) suggesting epigenetic modification of the cells. Overall, there are hemostatic changes in AS patients that are present before valve replacement surgery and these persist long after surgery has occurred. These findings have implications for the current clinical management of AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundarya N Selvam
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Bowman
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Madeline Inglis
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Kloosterman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Grabell
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Lara Casey
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Amer M Johri
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Paula James
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Yang X, Chen Y, Wen Z, Liu Y, Xiao X, Liang W, Yu S. Non-invasive MR assessment of the microstructure and microcirculation in regional lymph nodes for rectal cancer: a study of intravoxel incoherent motion imaging. Cancer Imaging 2019; 19:70. [PMID: 31685035 PMCID: PMC6829929 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-019-0255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the microstructure and microcirculation of regional lymph nodes (LNs) in rectal cancer by using non-invasive intravoxel incoherent motion MRI (IVIM-MRI), and to distinguish metastatic from non-metastatic LNs by quantitative parameters. Methods All recruited patients underwent IVIM-MRI (b = 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600, 1000, 1500 and 2000 s/mm2) on a 3.0 T MRI system. One hundred sixty-eight regional LNs with a short-axis diameter equal to or greater than 5 mm from 116 patients were evaluated by two radiologists independently, including 78 malignant LNs and 90 benign LNs. The following parameters were assessed: the short-axis diameter (S), long-axis diameter (L), short- to long-axis diameter ratio (S/L), pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion factor (f). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess the interobserver agreement between two readers. Receiver operating characteristic curves were applied for analyzing statistically significant parameters. Results Interobserver agreement of IVIM-MRI parameters between two readers was excellent (ICCs> 0.75). The metastatic group exhibited higher S, L and D (P < 0.001), but lower f (P < 0.001) than the non-metastatic group. The area under the curve (95% CI, sensitivity, specificity) of the multi-parameter combined equation for D, f and S was 0.811 (0.744~0.868, 62.82%, 87.78%). The diagnostic performance of the multi-parameter model was better than that of an individual parameter (P < 0.05). Conclusion IVIM-MRI parameters provided information about the microstructure and microcirculation of regional LNs in rectal cancer, also improved diagnostic performance in identifying metastatic LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, 510280
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, 510080
| | - Ziqiang Wen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, 510080
| | - Yiyan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, 510080
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, 518033
| | - Wen Liang
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, 510280.
| | - Shenping Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, 510080.
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Kremheller J, Vuong AT, Schrefler BA, Wall WA. An approach for vascular tumor growth based on a hybrid embedded/homogenized treatment of the vasculature within a multiphase porous medium model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019; 35:e3253. [PMID: 31441222 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop a novel computational approach to facilitate the modeling of angiogenesis during tumor growth. The preexisting vasculature is modeled as a 1D inclusion and embedded into the 3D tissue through a suitable coupling method, which allows for nonmatching meshes in 1D and 3D domain. The neovasculature, which is formed during angiogenesis, is represented in a homogenized way as a phase in our multiphase porous medium system. This splitting of models is motivated by the highly complex morphology, physiology, and flow patterns in the neovasculature, which are challenging and computationally expensive to resolve with a discrete, 1D angiogenesis and blood flow model. Moreover, it is questionable if a discrete representation generates any useful additional insight. By contrast, our model may be classified as a hybrid vascular multiphase tumor growth model in the sense that a discrete, 1D representation of the preexisting vasculature is coupled with a continuum model describing angiogenesis. It is based on an originally avascular model which has been derived via the thermodynamically constrained averaging theory. The new model enables us to study mass transport from the preexisting vasculature into the neovasculature and tumor tissue. We show by means of several illustrative examples that it is indeed capable of reproducing important aspects of vascular tumor growth phenomenologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kremheller
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Anh-Tu Vuong
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard A Schrefler
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Wolfgang A Wall
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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Antonopoulos M, Dionysiou D, Stamatakos G, Uzunoglu N. Three-dimensional tumor growth in time-varying chemical fields: a modeling framework and theoretical study. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:442. [PMID: 31455206 PMCID: PMC6712764 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Contemporary biological observations have revealed a large variety of mechanisms acting during the expansion of a tumor. However, there are still many qualitative and quantitative aspects of the phenomenon that remain largely unknown. In this context, mathematical and computational modeling appears as an invaluable tool providing the means for conducting in silico experiments, which are cheaper and less tedious than real laboratory experiments. Results This paper aims at developing an extensible and computationally efficient framework for in silico modeling of tumor growth in a 3-dimensional, inhomogeneous and time-varying chemical environment. The resulting model consists of a set of mathematically derived and algorithmically defined operators, each one addressing the effects of a particular biological mechanism on the state of the system. These operators may be extended or re-adjusted, in case a different set of starting assumptions or a different simulation scenario needs to be considered. Conclusion In silico modeling provides an alternative means for testing hypotheses and simulating scenarios for which exact biological knowledge remains elusive. However, finer tuning of pertinent methods presupposes qualitative and quantitative enrichment of available biological evidence. Validation in a strict sense would further require comprehensive, case-specific simulations and detailed comparisons with biomedical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos Antonopoulos
- Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Dionysiou
- Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Stamatakos
- Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Uzunoglu
- Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Glioblastoma multiforme restructures the topological connectivity of cerebrovascular networks. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11757. [PMID: 31409816 PMCID: PMC6692362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47567-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme alters healthy tissue vasculature by inducing angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. To fully comprehend the structural and functional properties of the resulting vascular network, it needs to be studied collectively by considering both geometric and topological properties. Utilizing Single Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM), the detailed capillary structure in entire healthy and tumor-bearing mouse brains could be resolved in three dimensions. At the scale of the smallest capillaries, the entire vascular systems of bulk U87- and GL261-glioblastoma xenografts, their respective cores, and healthy brain hemispheres were modeled as complex networks and quantified with fundamental topological measures. All individual vessel segments were further quantified geometrically and modular clusters were uncovered and characterized as meta-networks, facilitating an analysis of large-scale connectivity. An inclusive comparison of large tissue sections revealed that geometric properties of individual vessels were altered in glioblastoma in a relatively subtle way, with high intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity, compared to the impact on the vessel connectivity. A network topology analysis revealed a clear decomposition of large modular structures and hierarchical network organization, while preserving most fundamental topological classifications, in both tumor models with distinct growth patterns. These results augment our understanding of cerebrovascular networks and offer a topological assessment of glioma-induced vascular remodeling. The findings may help understand the emergence of hypoxia and necrosis, and prove valuable for therapeutic interventions such as radiation or antiangiogenic therapy.
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Carpenter CD, Alnahhas I, Gonzalez J, Giglio P, Puduvalli VK. Changing paradigms for targeted therapies against diffuse infiltrative gliomas: tackling a moving target. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:663-677. [PMID: 31106606 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1621169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gliomas are highly heterogeneous primary brain tumors which result in a disproportionately high degree of morbidity and mortality despite their locoregional occurrence. Advances in the understanding of the biological makeup of these malignancies have yielded a number of potential tumor-driving pathways which have been identified as rational targets for therapy. However, early trials of agents that target these pathways have uniformly failed to yield improvement in outcomes in patients with malignant gliomas. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the most common biological features of gliomas and the strategies to target the same; in addition, the current status of immunotherapy and biological therapies are outlined and the future directions to tackle the challenges of therapy for gliomas are examined. Expert opinion: The limitations of current treatments are attributed to the inability of most of these agents to cross the blood-brain barrier and to the intrinsic heterogeneity of the tumors that result in treatment resistance. The recent emergence of immune-mediated and biological therapies and of agents that target metabolic pathways in gliomas have provided strategies that may overcome tumor heterogeneity and ongoing trials of such agents are anticipated to yield improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice D Carpenter
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Iyad Alnahhas
- b Division of Neurooncology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Javier Gonzalez
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Division of Neurooncology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Pierre Giglio
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Division of Neurooncology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Vinay K Puduvalli
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Division of Neurooncology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
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Chen Y, Yang X, Wen Z, Liu Y, Lu B, Yu S, Xiao X. Association between high-resolution MRI-detected extramural vascular invasion and tumour microcirculation estimated by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in rectal cancer: preliminary results. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:498. [PMID: 31133005 PMCID: PMC6537147 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected extramural vascular invasion (mrEMVI) status is associated with quantitative perfusion parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in rectal cancer. Methods Seventy-two patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent curative surgery alone within 2 weeks following rectal MRI were enrolled in this retrospective study. mrEMVI status was determined based on high-resolution MRI. The quantitative perfusion parameters (Ktrans, kep and ve) derived from DCE-MRI were calculated from all sections containing tumours. DCE-MRI parameters and clinicopathological variables in patients with different mrEMVI statuses were compared. Results For patients who were mrEMVI positive, the tumours demonstrated significantly lower kep values (P = 0.012) and higher ve values (P = 0.021) than tumours of patients who were mrEMVI negative, while the Ktrans value displayed no significant difference (P = 0.390). The patients who were mrEMVI positive had larger tumour size, higher pathological tumour stage and increased regional nodal metastases compared to those who were mrEMVI negative (2.9 cm vs. 3.5 cm, P = 0.011; 63.8% vs. 92.0%, P = 0.010; 36.2% vs. 76.0%, P = 0.001; respectively). Conclusions This study demonstrated for the first time that tumour microcirculation is altered in mrEMVI-positive patients with rectal adenocarcinoma, as evidenced by significantly lower kep and higher ve values. In addition, these patients were more likely to have a larger tumour size, a higher pathological tumour stage and regional nodal metastases than mrEMVI-negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Ziqiang Wen
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yiyan Liu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Baolan Lu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shenping Yu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- Department of Radiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
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Michalska-Jakubus M, Cutolo M, Smith V, Krasowska D. Imbalanced serum levels of Ang1, Ang2 and VEGF in systemic sclerosis: Integrated effects on microvascular reactivity. Microvasc Res 2019; 125:103881. [PMID: 31075243 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Microangiopathy is a hallmark of systemic sclerosis (SSc). It is a progressive process from an early inflammatory and proangiogenic environment to insufficient microvascular repair with loss of microvessels. The exact underlying mechanisms remain ill-defined. Aim of the study was to investigate whether imbalanced angiopoietins/VEGF serum profile should be related in SSc to the altered microvascular reactivity characterized by aberrant angiogenesis and avascularity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum levels of Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) and VEGF were measured by ELISA in 47 SSc patients and 27 healthy controls. Microvascular alterations were assessed by nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC). RESULTS Serum concentrations of Ang1 were significantly lower [mean (S.D.): 21516.04 (11,441.035) pg/ml], and Ang2 significantly increased [25,89.55 (934.225) pg/ml] in SSc as compared with the control group [Ang1: 28,457.08 (10,431.905) pg/ml; Ang2: 1556.23 (481.255) pg/ml, p < 0.01, respectively], whereas VEGF did not differ significantly. The ratios of Ang1/Ang2 and Ang1/VEGF were significantly lower in SSc patients (8.346 ± 4.523 and 95.17 ± 75.0, respectively) than in healthy subjects (17.612 ± 6.731 p < 0.000001 and 183.11 ± 137.73; p = 0.004]. Formation of giant capillaries with vascular leakage and collapse was associated with significant increase in VEGF and concomitant Ang1 deficiency. Capillary loss was related to significant increase in VEGF with respect to those with preserved capillary number (395.12 ± 256.27 pg/mL vs. 254.80 ± 213.61 pg/mL) whereas elevated Ang2 levels induced more advanced capillary damage as indicated by the presence of the "Late" NVC pattern. CONCLUSIONS We found that serum levels of Ang1, Ang2 and VEGF are differentially expressed in SSc and altered Ang1/Ang2 profile might underlay the aberrant angiogenesis in SSc despite increase in VEGF. For the first time we identified that significant deficiency of Ang1 might be involved in early capillary enlargement, followed by collapse and lack of stable newly-formed vessels in VEGF-enriched environment, whereas Ang2 levels seem to increase later in disease progression and advanced microvascular damage ("Late" NVC pattern).
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Michalska-Jakubus
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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Dey P, Rathod M, De A. Targeting stem cells in the realm of drug-resistant breast cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2019; 11:115-135. [PMID: 30881110 PMCID: PMC6410754 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s189224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since its first documentation, breast cancer (BC) has been a conundrum that ails millions of women every year. This cancer has been well studied by researchers all over the world, which has improved the patient outcome significantly. There are many diagnostic markers to identify the disease, but early detection and then subclassification of this cancer remain dubious. Even after the correct diagnosis, more than half the patients come back with a more aggressive and metastatic tumor. The underpinning mechanism that governs the resistance includes over-amplification of receptors, mutations in key gene targets, and activation of different signaling. A plethora of drugs have been devised that have shown promising results in clinical settings. However, in recent times, the role played by cancer stem cells in disease progression and their interaction in mediating the resistance to cellular insults have come into the limelight. As breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are dormant in nature, it is highly likely that they fail to directly respond to the cytotoxic drugs which are meant for ablating rapidly proliferating cells. Furthermore, the absence of well-characterized, drug-able surface markers to date, has limited the application of targeted therapies in complete eradication of the disease. In this review, our intent is to discuss versatile therapeutics in practice followed by discussing the upcoming therapy strategies in the pipeline for BC. Furthermore, we focus on the roles played by BCSCs in mediating the resistance, and therefore, the aspects of new therapeutics against BCSCs under development that may ease the burden in future has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Dey
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India, .,Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India,
| | - Maitreyi Rathod
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India, .,Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India,
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India, .,Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India,
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Katayama Y, Uchino J, Chihara Y, Tamiya N, Kaneko Y, Yamada T, Takayama K. Tumor Neovascularization and Developments in Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030316. [PMID: 30845711 PMCID: PMC6468754 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors undergo fast neovascularization to support the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. Vasculature in tumors, unlike that in wound healing, is immature and affects the tumor microenvironment, resulting in hypoxia, acidosis, glucose starvation, immune cell infiltration, and decreased activity, all of which promote cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. This innate defect of tumor vasculature can however represent a useful therapeutic target. Angiogenesis inhibitors targeting tumor vascular endothelial cells important for angiogenesis have attracted attention as cancer therapy agents that utilize features of the tumor microenvironment. While angiogenesis inhibitors have the advantage of targeting neovascularization factors common to all cancer types, some limitations to their deployment have emerged. Further understanding of the mechanism of tumor angiogenesis may contribute to the development of new antiangiogenic therapeutic approaches to control tumor invasion and metastasis. This review discusses the mechanism of tumor angiogenesis as well as angiogenesis inhibition therapy with antiangiogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Katayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Junji Uchino
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Chihara
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Nobuyo Tamiya
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Tadaaki Yamada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Koichi Takayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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Experimental and computational analyses reveal dynamics of tumor vessel cooption and optimal treatment strategies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2662-2671. [PMID: 30700544 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818322116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooption of the host vasculature is a strategy that some cancers use to sustain tumor progression without-or before-angiogenesis or in response to antiangiogenic therapy. Facilitated by certain growth factors, cooption can mediate tumor infiltration and confer resistance to antiangiogenic drugs. Unfortunately, this mode of tumor progression is difficult to target because the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we analyzed the dynamics of vessel cooption during tumor progression and in response to antiangiogenic treatment in gliomas and brain metastases. We followed tumor evolution during escape from antiangiogenic treatment as cancer cells coopted, and apparently mechanically compressed, host vessels. To gain deeper understanding, we developed a mathematical model, which incorporated compression of coopted vessels, resulting in hypoxia and formation of new vessels by angiogenesis. Even if antiangiogenic therapy can block such secondary angiogenesis, the tumor can sustain itself by coopting existing vessels. Hence, tumor progression can only be stopped by combination therapies that judiciously block both angiogenesis and cooption. Furthermore, the model suggests that sequential blockade is likely to be more beneficial than simultaneous blockade.
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González-González A, González A, Rueda N, Alonso-González C, Menéndez-Menéndez J, Gómez-Arozamena J, Martínez-Campa C, Cos S. Melatonin Enhances the Usefulness of Ionizing Radiation: Involving the Regulation of Different Steps of the Angiogenic Process. Front Physiol 2019; 10:879. [PMID: 31354524 PMCID: PMC6637960 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a part of cancer treatment. To improve its efficacy has been combined with radiosensitizers such as antiangiogenic agents. Among the mechanisms of the antitumor action of melatonin are antiangiogenic effects. Our goal was to investigate whether melatonin may modulate the sensitivity of endothelial cells (HUVECs) to ionizing radiation. Melatonin (1 mM) enhanced the inhibition induced by radiation on different steps of the angiogenic process, cell proliferation, migration, and tubular network formation. In relation with the activity and expression of enzymes implicated in estrogen synthesis, in co-cultures HUVECs/MCF-7, radiation down-regulated aromatase mRNA expression, aromatase endothelial-specific promoter I.7, sulfatase activity and expression and 17β-HSD1 activity and expression and melatonin enhanced these effects. Radiation and melatonin induced a significant decrease in VEGF, ANG-1, and ANG-2 mRNA expression. In ANG-2 and VEGF mRNA expression melatonin potentiated the inhibitory effect induced by radiation. In addition, melatonin counteracted the stimulatory effect of radiation on FGFR3, TGFα, JAG1, IGF-1, and KDR mRNA expression and reduced ANPEP expression. In relation with extracellular matrix molecules, radiation increased MMP14 mRNA expression and melatonin counteracted the stimulatory effect of radiation on MMP14 mRNA expression and increased TIMP1 expression, an angiogenesis inhibitor. Melatonin also counteracted the stimulatory effect of radiation on CXCL6, CCL2, ERK1, ERK2, and AKT1 mRNA expression and increased the inhibitory effect of radiation on NOS3 expression. In CAM assay, melatonin enhanced the reduction of the vascular area induced by radiation. Melatonin potentiated the inhibitory effect on the activation of p-AKT and p-ERK exerted by radiation. Antiangiogenic effect of melatonin could be mediated through AKT and ERK pathways, proteins involved in vascular endothelial (VE) cell growth, cell proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis. In addition, radiation increased endothelial cell permeability and melatonin counteracted it by regulating the internalization of VE-cadherin. Radiation has some side effects on angiogenesis that may reduce its effectiveness against tumor growth and melatonin is able to neutralize these negative actions of radiation. Additionally, melatonin potentiated radiation-induced antiangiogenic actions on several steps of the angiogenic process and enhanced its antitumor action. Our findings point to melatonin as a useful molecule as adjuvant to radiotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia González-González
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Alicia González
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- *Correspondence: Alicia González,
| | - Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Carolina Alonso-González
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Menéndez-Menéndez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - José Gómez-Arozamena
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Campa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Carlos Martínez-Campa,
| | - Samuel Cos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
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Evaluation of Three Morphologically Distinct Virus-Like Particles as Nanocarriers for Convection-Enhanced Drug Delivery to Glioblastoma. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8121007. [PMID: 30563038 PMCID: PMC6315496 DOI: 10.3390/nano8121007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a particularly challenging cancer, as there are currently limited options for treatment. New delivery routes are being explored, including direct intratumoral injection via convection-enhanced delivery (CED). While promising, convection-enhanced delivery of traditional chemotherapeutics such as doxorubicin (DOX) has seen limited success. Several studies have demonstrated that attaching a drug to polymeric nanoscale materials can improve drug delivery efficacy via CED. We therefore set out to evaluate a panel of morphologically distinct protein nanoparticles for their potential as CED drug delivery vehicles for glioblastoma treatment. The panel consisted of three different virus-like particles (VLPs), MS2 spheres, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) disks and nanophage filamentous rods modified with DOX. While all three VLPs displayed adequate drug delivery and cell uptake in vitro, increased survival rates were only observed for glioma-bearing mice that were treated via CED with TMV disks and MS2 spheres conjugated to doxorubicin, with TMV-treated mice showing the best response. Importantly, these improved survival rates were observed after only a single VLP–DOX CED injection several orders of magnitude smaller than traditional IV doses. Overall, this study underscores the potential of nanoscale chemotherapeutic CED using virus-like particles and illustrates the need for further studies into how the overall morphology of VLPs influences their drug delivery properties.
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Role of Quantitative Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Evaluating Regional Lymph Nodes With a Short-Axis Diameter of Less Than 5 mm in Rectal Cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018; 212:77-83. [PMID: 30354269 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.18.19866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to discriminate metastatic from nonmetastatic regional lymph nodes (LNs) with short-axis diameters of less than 5 mm in rectal cancer using quantitative parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Sixty-five LNs from 122 patients were evaluated, including malignant LNs (n = 27) and benign LNs (n = 38). The following parameters were assessed: the forward volume transfer constant (Ktrans), reverse volume transfer constant (kep), fractional extravascular extracellular space volume (Ve), short-axis diameter, long-axis diameter, and short- to long-axis diameter ratio. ROC curves were used to analyze statistically significant parameters. RESULTS Metastatic LNs exhibited a lower Ktrans than did nonmetastatic LNs (p < 0.001), but the other parameters were not significantly different between the two groups. The AUC of the Ktrans was 0.732, with a 95% CI of 0.610-0.854, and the diagnostic cutoff value was 0.088 min-1 (sensitivity, 60.5%; specificity, 81.5%). CONCLUSION Ktrans had moderate diagnostic performance in assessing small regional LNs in rectal cancer and appears to be a useful predictor when distinguishing malignant LNs from benign LNs only by morphology is difficult.
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Hozzein WN, Badr G, Badr BM, Allam A, Ghamdi AA, Al-Wadaan MA, Al-Waili NS. Bee venom improves diabetic wound healing by protecting functional macrophages from apoptosis and enhancing Nrf2, Ang-1 and Tie-2 signaling. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:322-335. [PMID: 30366166 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is a serious complication of diabetes that negatively affects the patient's socioeconomic life. Multiple mechanisms contribute to impaired diabetic wound healing including deficient recruitment of wound macrophages/neutrophils and impaired neovascularization. Bee venom (BV) has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of several diseases. Nevertheless, the impacts of BV on the diabetic wound healing have been poorly studied. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying BV treatment on diabetic wound healing in a type I diabetic mouse model. Three experimental groups were used: group 1, non-diabetic control mice; group 2, vehicle-diabetic mice; and group 3, BV-treated diabetic mice. We found that the diabetic mice exhibited impaired wound closure characterized by a significant decrease in collagen and β-defensin-2 (BD-2) expression compared to control non-diabetic mice. The impairment of diabetic wound healing is attributed to increased ROS levels and abolished antioxidant enzymes activity in the wounded tissues. Additionally, wounded tissue in diabetic mice revealed aberrantly decreased levels of Ang-1 and Nrf2 (the agonist ligands of Tie-2) followed by a marked reduction in the phosphorylation of Tie2 and downstream signaling eNOS, AKT and ERK. Impaired diabetic wound healing was also characterized by a significant reduction in activities of total antioxidant enzymes followed by a marked reduction in the levels of CCL2, CCL3 and CXCL2; which led to impaired recruitment and functions of wound macrophages/neutrophils; and significant reduction in the expression of CD31, a marker for neovascularization and angiogenesis of the injured tissue. Interestingly, BV treatment significantly enhanced wound closure in diabetic mice by increasing collagen and BD-2 expression and restoring the levels of Ang-1 and Nrf2 and hence enhancing the Tie-2 downstream signaling. Most importantly, treatment of diabetic mice with BV significantly restored the activities of wounded tissue antioxidant enzymes and the levels of chemokines, and subsequently rescued wound macrophages from mitochondrial membrane potential-induced apoptosis. Our findings reveal the immune-enhancing effects of BV for improving healing process of diabetic wounds and provide the first insight concerning the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt; Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Badr M Badr
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Allam
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Al Ghamdi
- Chair of Engineer Abdullah Baqshan for Bee Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Swan R, Kim SJ, Campbell JP, Paul Chan RV, Sonmez K, Taylor KD, Li X, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Simmons C, Chiang MF. The genetics of retinopathy of prematurity: a model for neovascular retinal disease. Ophthalmol Retina 2018; 2:949-962. [PMID: 30250936 PMCID: PMC6150458 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TOPIC Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative retinal vascular disease in premature infants, and is a major cause of childhood blindness worldwide. In addition to known clinical risk factors such as low birth weight and gestational age, there is a growing body of evidence supporting a genetic basis for ROP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE While comorbidities and environmental factors have been identified as contributing to ROP outcomes in premature infants, most notably gestational age and oxygen, some infants progress to severe disease despite absence of these clinical risk factors. The contribution of genetic factors may explain these differences and allow better detection and treatment of infants at risk for severe ROP. METHODS To comprehensively review genetic factors that potentially contribute to the development and severity of ROP, we conducted a literature search focusing on the genetic basis for ROP. Terms related to other heritable retinal vascular diseases like "familial exudative vitreoretinopathy", as well as to genes implicated in animal models of ROP, were also used to capture research in diseases with similar pathogenesis to ROP in humans with known genetic components. RESULTS Contributions across several genetic domains are described including vascular endothelial growth factor, the Wnt signaling pathway, insulin-like growth factor 1, inflammatory mediators, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. CONCLUSIONS Most candidate gene studies of ROP have limitations such as inability to replicate results, conflicting results from various studies, small sample size, and differences in clinical characterization. Additional difficulty arises in separating the contribution of genetic factors like Wnt signaling to ROP and prematurity. Although studies have implicated involvement of multiple signaling pathways in ROP, the genetics of ROP have not been clearly elucidated. Next-generation sequencing and genome-wide association studies have potential to expand future understanding of underlying genetic risk factors and pathophysiology of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Swan
- Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J. Peter Campbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - R. V. Paul Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Center for Global Health, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kemal Sonmez
- Center for Spoken Language Understanding, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Charles Simmons
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael F. Chiang
- Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Long Z, Wu YP, Gao HY, Li YF, He RR, Liu M. Functionalization of Halloysite Nanotubes via Grafting of Dendrimer for Efficient Intracellular Delivery of siRNA. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2606-2618. [PMID: 29947505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Here, polyamidoamine grafted halloysite nanotubes (PAMAM- g-HNTs) were synthesized for loading of siRNA in order to intracellular delivery of siRNA and treat of breast cancer via gene therapy. The successful grafting of PAMAM on HNTs was confirmed by various analytical methods. The size, zeta potential, and grafting ratio of PAMAM- g-HNTs is ∼206.2 nm, +19.8 mV, and 3.04%, respectively. PAMAM- g-HNTs showed good cytocompatibility toward HUVECs (84.7%) and MCF-7 cells (82.3%) even at high concentration of 100 μg/mL. PAMAM- g-HNTs/siRNA exhibited enhanced cellular uptake efficiency of 94.3% compared with Lipofectamine 2000 (Lipo2000)/siRNA (83.6%). PAMAM- g-HNTs/small interfering RNA-vascular endothelial growth factor (siVEGF) led to 78.0% knockdown of cellular VEGF mRNA and induced 33.6% apoptosis in the MCF-7 cells, which is also much higher than that of Lipo2000/siVEGF. In vivo anti-cancer results demonstrated that PAMAM- g-HNTs/siVEGF treated 4T1-bearing mice showed enhanced anti-cancer efficacy than Lipo2000/siVEGF group. Also, the nanocarrier system showed negligible toxic effects toward the major organs of mice. In vivo fluorescence imaging studies showed that there is a slight decrease in the fluorescence signal of PAMAM- g-HNTs/cy5-siVEGF after 72 h post-injection. Therefore, PAMAM- g-HNTs show promising application as novel nanovectors for siRNA delivery and gene therapy of cancer.
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