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Zhu S, He J, Yin L, Zhou J, Lian J, Ren Y, Zhang X, Yuan J, Wang G, Li X. Matrix metalloproteinases targeting in prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2024:S1078-1439(24)00459-9. [PMID: 38806387 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common tumors affecting men all over the world. PCa has brought a huge health burden to men around the world, especially for elderly men, but its pathogenesis is unclear. In prostate cancer, epigenetic inheritance plays an important role in the development, progression, and metastasis of the disease. An important role in cancer invasion and metastasis is played by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), zinc-dependent proteases that break down extracellular matrix. We review two important forms of epigenetic modification and the role of matrix metalloproteinases in tumor regulation, both of which may be of significant value as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring. The author considers that both mechanisms have promising therapeutic applications for therapeutic agent research in prostate cancer, but that efforts should be made to mitigate or eliminate the side effects of drug therapy in order to maximize quality of life of patients. The understanding of epigenetic modification, MMPs, and their inhibitors in the functional regulation of prostate cancer is gradually advancing, it will provide a new technical means for the prevention of prostate cancer, early diagnosis, androgen-independent prostate cancer treatment, and drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jing He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Liliang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiayi Lian
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanli Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinghua Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Song H, Hao D, Zhou J, Farmer D, Wang A. Development of pro-angiogenic skin substitutes for wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2024; 32:208-216. [PMID: 38308588 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Wounds pose significant challenges to public health, primarily due to the loss of the mechanical integrity and barrier function of the skin and impaired angiogenesis, causing physical morbidities and psychological trauma to affect patients. Reconstructing the vasculature of the wound bed is crucial for promoting wound healing, reducing scar formation and enhancing the quality of life for patients. The development of pro-angiogenic skin substitutes has emerged as a promising strategy to facilitate vascularization and expedite the healing process of burn wounds. This review provides an overview of the various types of skin substitutes employed in wound healing, explicitly emphasising those designed to enhance angiogenesis. Synthetic scaffolds, biological matrices and tissue-engineered constructs incorporating stem cells and primary cells, cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), pro-angiogenic growth factors and peptides, as well as gene therapy-based skin substitutes are thoroughly examined. The review summarises the existing challenges, future directions and potential innovations in pro-angiogenic dressing for skin substitutes. It highlights the need for continued research to develop new technologies and combine multiple strategies and factors, and to overcome obstacles and advance the field, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for wound patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyue Song
- Center for Surgical Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Dake Hao
- Center for Surgical Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Diana Farmer
- Center for Surgical Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Aijun Wang
- Center for Surgical Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Hashimoto M, Kojima Y, Sakamoto T, Ozato Y, Nakano Y, Abe T, Hosoda K, Saito H, Higuchi S, Hisamatsu Y, Toshima T, Yonemura Y, Masuda T, Hata T, Nagayama S, Kagawa K, Goto Y, Utou M, Gamachi A, Imamura K, Kuze Y, Zenkoh J, Suzuki A, Takahashi K, Niida A, Hirose H, Hayashi S, Koseki J, Fukuchi S, Murakami K, Yoshizumi T, Kadomatsu K, Tobo T, Oda Y, Uemura M, Eguchi H, Doki Y, Mori M, Oshima M, Shibata T, Suzuki Y, Shimamura T, Mimori K. Spatial and single-cell colocalisation analysis reveals MDK-mediated immunosuppressive environment with regulatory T cells in colorectal carcinogenesis. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105102. [PMID: 38614865 PMCID: PMC11121171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-cell interaction factors that facilitate the progression of adenoma to sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear, thereby hindering patient survival. METHODS We performed spatial transcriptomics on five early CRC cases, which included adenoma and carcinoma, and one advanced CRC. To elucidate cell-cell interactions within the tumour microenvironment (TME), we investigated the colocalisation network at single-cell resolution using a deep generative model for colocalisation analysis, combined with a single-cell transcriptome, and assessed the clinical significance in CRC patients. FINDINGS CRC cells colocalised with regulatory T cells (Tregs) at the adenoma-carcinoma interface. At early-stage carcinogenesis, cell-cell interaction inference between colocalised adenoma and cancer epithelial cells and Tregs based on the spatial distribution of single cells highlighted midkine (MDK) as a prominent signalling molecule sent from tumour epithelial cells to Tregs. Interaction between MDK-high CRC cells and SPP1+ macrophages and stromal cells proved to be the mechanism underlying immunosuppression in the TME. Additionally, we identified syndecan4 (SDC4) as a receptor for MDK associated with Treg colocalisation. Finally, clinical analysis using CRC datasets indicated that increased MDK/SDC4 levels correlated with poor overall survival in CRC patients. INTERPRETATION MDK is involved in the immune tolerance shown by Tregs to tumour growth. MDK-mediated formation of the TME could be a potential target for early diagnosis and treatment of CRC. FUNDING Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Science Research; OITA Cancer Research Foundation; AMED under Grant Number; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Takeda Science Foundation; The Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kojima
- Division of Computational Bioscience, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takeharu Sakamoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ozato
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakano
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Abe
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hosoda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saito
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan; Department of General Surgical Science, Gastroenterological Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Higuchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hisamatsu
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan
| | - Takeo Toshima
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yonemura
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan
| | - Takaaki Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagayama
- Department of Surgery, Uji-Tokushukai Medical Center, Uji, 611-0041, Japan
| | - Koichi Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-8538, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-8538, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Utou
- Department of Pathology, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan
| | - Ayako Gamachi
- Department of Pathology, Oita Oka Hospital, Oita, 870-0192, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Imamura
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yuta Kuze
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Junko Zenkoh
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Atsushi Niida
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Haruka Hirose
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shuto Hayashi
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jun Koseki
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Medicine, Almeida Memorial Hospital, Oita, 870-1195, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oita University Hospital, Yufu, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Taro Tobo
- Department of Pathology, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Medical Research Insitute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan.
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan.
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Lv F, Li X, Wang Y, Hao L. MAGP1 maintains tumorigenicity and angiogenesis of laryngeal cancer by activating Wnt/β-catenin/MMP7 pathway. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:220-234. [PMID: 36645203 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfibril-associated glycoprotein-1 (MAGP1), a crucial extracellular matrix protein, contributes to the initiation and progression of different cancers. However, the role of MAGP1 in laryngeal cancer is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and biological function of MAGP1 in laryngeal cancer. MAGP1 was upregulated in public databases and laryngeal cancer tissues, and high MAGP1 expression led to a poor prognosis and was identified as an independent prognostic marker. Knocking-down MAGP1 inhibited laryngeal cancer cell growth and metastasis. According to gene set enrichment analysis, high MAGP1 expression revealed enrichment in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and knocking-down MAGP1 in laryngeal cancer cells also caused degradation, de-activation, re-location and loss of stability of β-catenin. Additionally, we observed MAGP1 in laryngeal cancer cells inhibits angiogenesis in an MMP7-dependent way. In conclusion, our study suggests a clinical role of MAGP1 in laryngeal cancer, signifying its potential as a therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lv
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Oncology Department III, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Goggins E, Mironchik Y, Kakkad S, Jacob D, Wildes F, Bhujwalla ZM, Krishnamachary B. Reprogramming of VEGF-mediated extracellular matrix changes through autocrine signaling. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:2184145. [PMID: 37389973 PMCID: PMC10012930 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2184145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays key roles in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and wound healing. In cancers, including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), VEGF has been associated with increased invasion and metastasis, processes that require cancer cells to traverse through the extracellular matrix (ECM) and establish angiogenesis at distant sites. To further understand the role of VEGF in modifying the ECM, we characterized VEGF-mediated changes in the ECM of tumors derived from TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells engineered to overexpress VEGF. We established that increased VEGF expression by these cells resulted in tumors with reduced collagen 1 (Col1) fibers, fibronectin, and hyaluronan. Molecular characterization of tumors identified an increase of MMP1, uPAR, and LOX, and a decrease of MMP2, and ADAMTS1. α-SMA, a marker of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), increased, and FAP-α, a marker of a subset of CAFs associated with immune suppression, decreased with VEGF overexpression. Analysis of human data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program confirmed mRNA differences for several molecules when comparing TNBC with high and low VEGF expression. We additionally characterized enzymatic changes induced by VEGF overexpression in three different cancer cell lines that clearly identified autocrine-mediated changes, specifically uPAR, in these enzymes. Unlike the increase of Col1 fibers and fibronectin mediated by VEGF during wound healing, in the TNBC model, VEGF significantly reduced key protein components of the ECM. These results further expand our understanding of the role of VEGF in cancer progression and identify potential ECM-related targets to disrupt this progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eibhlin Goggins
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samata Kakkad
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Desmond Jacob
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Flonne Wildes
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Shou Y, Le Z, Cheng HS, Liu Q, Ng YZ, Becker DL, Li X, Liu L, Xue C, Yeo NJY, Tan R, Low J, Kumar ARK, Wu KZ, Li H, Cheung C, Lim CT, Tan NS, Chen Y, Liu Z, Tay A. Mechano-Activated Cell Therapy for Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304638. [PMID: 37681325 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diabetic wounds are a significant global healthcare challenge. Current strategies, such as biomaterials, cell therapies, and medical devices, however, only target a few pathological features and have limited efficacy. A powerful platform technology combining magneto-responsive hydrogel, cells, and wireless magneto-induced dynamic mechanical stimulation (MDMS) is developed to accelerate diabetic wound healing. The hydrogel encapsulates U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved fibroblasts and keratinocytes to achieve ∼3-fold better wound closure in a diabetic mouse model. MDMS acts as a nongenetic mechano-rheostat to activate fibroblasts, resulting in ∼240% better proliferation, ∼220% more collagen deposition, and improved keratinocyte paracrine profiles via the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway to boost angiogenesis. The magneto-responsive property also enables on-demand insulin release for spatiotemporal glucose regulation through increasing network deformation and interstitial flow. By mining scRNAseq data, a mechanosensitive fibroblast subpopulation is identified that can be mechanically tuned for enhanced proliferation and collagen production, maximizing therapeutic impact. The "all-in-one" system addresses major pathological factors associated with diabetic wounds in a single platform, with potential applications for other challenging wound types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Zhicheng Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Qimin Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi Zhen Ng
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - David Laurence Becker
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Xianlei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Ling Liu
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Chencheng Xue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Natalie Jia Ying Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Runcheng Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jessalyn Low
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Arun R K Kumar
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Kenny Zhuoran Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Hua Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhijia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
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7
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Lee Y, Kim SH, Jeong H, Kim KH, Jeon D, Cho Y, Lee D, Nam KT. Role of Nox4 in Mitigating Inflammation and Fibrosis in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:411-429. [PMID: 37207801 PMCID: PMC10372905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fibrosis development in ulcerative colitis is associated directly with the severity of mucosal inflammation, which increases the risk of colorectal cancer. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is an important source of tissue fibrogenesis, which is stimulated directly by reactive oxygen species produced from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX). Among members of the NOX family, NOX4 expression is up-regulated in patients with fibrostenotic Crohn's disease (CD) and in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis. The aim of this study was to determine whether NOX4 plays a role in fibrogenesis during inflammation in the colon using a mouse model. METHODS Acute and recovery models of colonic inflammation were performed by DSS administration to newly generated Nox4-/- mice. Pathologic analysis of colon tissues was performed, including detection of immune cells, proliferation, and fibrotic and inflammatory markers. RNA sequencing was performed to detect differentially expressed genes between Nox4-/- and wild-type mice in both the untreated and DSS-treated conditions, followed by functional enrichment analysis to explore the molecular mechanisms contributing to pathologic differences during DSS-induced colitis and after recovery. RESULTS Nox4-/- mice showed increased endogenous TGF-β signaling in the colon, increased reactive oxygen species levels, intensive inflammation, and an increased fibrotic region after DSS treatment compared with wild-type mice. Bulk RNA sequencing confirmed involvement of canonical TGF-β signaling in fibrogenesis of the DSS-induced colitis model. Up-regulation of TGF-β signaling affects collagen activation and T-cell lineage commitment, increasing the susceptibility for inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Nox4 protects against injury and plays a crucial role in fibrogenesis in DSS-induced colitis through canonical TGF-β signaling regulation, highlighting a new treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haengdueng Jeong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang H Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghun Jeon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yejin Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daekee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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8
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Nobiletin is capable of regulating certain anti-cancer pathways in a colon cancer cell line. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:547-555. [PMID: 36454256 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Natural remedies have the potential to improve conventional cancer therapies and enhance patient outcomes. Citrus polymethoxyflavone nobiletin has been demonstrated to have anticancer effects on several cancer cell lines. In this study, the anti-cancer activity of nobiletin is investigated on Bax, Bcl-2, HO-1, VEGF, MMP-7, Akt, p70S6K, 4EBP1, tuberin, and hamartin. IC50 doses were 403.6 µM, 264 µM, and 40 µM, respectively, at 24, 48, and 72 h. Akt, Bax, Bcl-2, and p70S6K levels decreased at nobiletin concentrations greater than 100, 250, 500, and 1000 µM, respectively. Nobiletin decreased HO-1 and VEGF levels at concentrations greater than 100 µM. MMP-7 levels interestingly increased at 100 µM but decreased at doses greater than 250 µM. 4EBP1 levels increased, except from 2000 and 3000 µM nobiletin concentrations. Tuberin levels increased at 10, 50, and 3000 µM, decreased at 250 µM, and remained unchanged at the rest of the concentrations. Nobiletin decreased hamartin levels; however, this decrease was statistically significant only at 10, 100, 250, 500, and 3000 µM concentrations. Decreased Akt activity might be interpreted as nobiletin inhibiting mTORC1 activity and subsequently increased 4EBP1 and unchanged or decreased p70S6K protein levels. Akt activity can cause suppression of angiogenesis via decreased VEGF, MMP-7, and HO-1 levels at concentrations greater than 500 µM. These results are significant as a nobiletin therapy could prevent colon cancer progression by inhibiting Akt signaling and angiogenesis.
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9
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Liu H, Chen L, Wang C, Zhou H. Matrix metalloproteinase 7 is associated with clinical and pathological characteristics of salivary adenoid cystic carcinomas. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:839-845. [PMID: 36066668 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) expression and the clinical and pathological characteristics of salivary adenoid cystic carcinomas (SACC) of the palatal minor salivary gland. METHODS In this study, 58 samples of SACC and 10 samples of normal salivary gland tissue were examined. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect MMP-7 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in SACC and normal tissues. The clinical and pathological characteristics of the patients with SACC were collected. RESULTS Of the 58 SACC samples, 44 were positive for MMP-7, and the expression rate was 75.9%. No expression was detected in the 10 normal salivary gland tissues. The level of MMP-7 expression in the SACC and normal samples was significantly different. The level of expression of MMP-7 in the SACC samples did not correlate with age, sex or pathological type but did correlate with pathological grade, nerve infiltration and clinical stage. There was a positive correlation between VEGF-A and MMP-7 expression. CONCLUSIONS The SACC samples showed high expression of MMP-7, which was associated with tumour differentiation, invasiveness and clinical stage. The detection of MMP-7 positively correlated with the detection of VEGF-A in SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First People's Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, No.49 Fuzhou Road, Nanchang, 320049, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Chenliang Wang
- Department of Pathology, First People's Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First People's Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, 332000, China
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10
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Rai V, Moellmer R, Agrawal DK. Role of fibroblast plasticity and heterogeneity in modulating angiogenesis and healing in the diabetic foot ulcer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1913-1929. [PMID: 36528662 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are an important clinical issue faced by clinicians despite the advanced treatment strategies consisting of wound debridement, off-loading, medication, wound dressings, and keeping the ulcer clean. Non-healing DFUs are associated with the risk of amputation, increased morbidity and mortality, and economic stress. Neo-angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation are necessary for physiological DFU healing and acute inflammation play a key role in healing. However, chronic inflammation in association with diabetic complications holds the ulcer in the inflammatory phase without progressing to the resolution phase contributing to non-healing. Fibroblasts acquiring myofibroblasts phenotype contribute to granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis. However, recent studies suggest the presence of five subtypes of fibroblast population and of changing density in non-healing DFUs. Further, the association of fibroblast plasticity and heterogeneity with wound healing suggests that the switch in fibroblast phenotype may affect wound healing. The fibroblast phenotype shift and altered function may be due to the presence of chronic inflammation or a diabetic wound microenvironment. This review focuses on the role of fibroblast plasticity and heterogeneity, the effect of hyperglycemia and inflammatory cytokines on fibroblasts, and the interaction of fibroblasts with other cells in diabetic wound microenvironment in the perspective of DFU healing. Next, we summarize secretory, angiogenic, and angiostatic phenotypes of fibroblast which have been discussed in other organ systems but not in relation to DFUs followed by the perspective on the role of their phenotypes in promoting angiogenesis in DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 91766, Pomona, CA, USA.
| | - Rebecca Moellmer
- College of Podiatric Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 91766, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 91766, Pomona, CA, USA
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11
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Fujiwara R, Ten H, Chen H, Jiang CL, Oyama KI, Onoda K, Matsuno A. Cathepsin D Inhibits Angiogenesis in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2022; 55:203-211. [PMID: 36688139 PMCID: PMC9840469 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.22-00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin and growth hormone can acquire anti-angiogenic properties after undergoing proteolytic cleavage by Cathepsin D and bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP-1) into fragments known as vasoinhibins. Little is known about the effect of vasoinhibins on angiogenesis through the involvement of key cleavage enzymes Cathepsin D and BMP-1 in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs, formerly pituitary adenomas). The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of Cathepsin D and BMP-1 on angiogenesis in PitNETs compared with that of pro-angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2). A total of 43 patients were enrolled in a retrospective analysis and 22 samples were suitable for RNA extraction, including 16 nonfunctional PitNETs and six somatotroph tumors. The mRNA and protein levels of Cathepsin D, BMP-1, VEGF, and FGF2 were compared with those of von Willebrand factor, which was assessed to determine the vascularization of PitNETs. Cathepsin D and FGF2 were significantly correlated with vascularization in PitNETs. Both Cathepsin D and FGF2 are highly involved in angiogenesis in PitNETs, although the effect of Cathepsin D as an anti-angiogenic factor is dominant over that of FGF2 as a pro-angiogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4–3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286–8686, Japan,Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita, Chiba 286–8520, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Ten
- Department of Judo Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, 2–51–4 Higashiikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 170–8445, Japan
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nan’gang District, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Chuan-lu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nan’gang District, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ken-ichi Oyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, 1–4–3, Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108–8329, Japan
| | - Keisuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4–3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286–8686, Japan,Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita, Chiba 286–8520, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4–3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286–8686, Japan,Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita, Chiba 286–8520, Japan
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12
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Li R, Wang TY, Shelp-Peck E, Wu SP, DeMayo FJ. The single-cell atlas of cultured human endometrial stromal cells. F&S SCIENCE 2022; 3:349-366. [PMID: 36089208 PMCID: PMC9669198 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically analyze the cell composition and transcriptome of primary human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) and transformed human endometrial stromal cells (THESCs). DESIGN The primary HESCs from 3 different donors and 1 immortalized THESC were collected from the human endometrium at the midsecretory phase and cultured in vitro. SETTING Academic research laboratory. PATIENT(S) None. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing analysis. RESULT(S) We found the individual differences among the primary HESCs and bigger changes between the primary HESCs and THESCs. Cell clustering with or without integration identified cell clusters belonging to mature, proliferative, and active fibroblasts that were conserved across all samples at different stages of the cell cycles with intensive cell communication signals. All primary HESCs and THESCs can be correlated with some subpopulations of fibroblasts in the human endometrium. CONCLUSION(S) Our study indicated that the primary HESCs and THESCs displayed conserved cell characters and distinct cell clusters. Mature, proliferative, and active fibroblasts at different stages or cell cycles were detected across all samples and presented with a complex cell communication network. The cultured HESCs and THESCs retained the features of some subpopulations within the human endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tian-Yuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Elinor Shelp-Peck
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina; The Biological Sciences Department, The Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Geosciences, Meredith College, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina.
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13
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Chernova T, Grosso S, Sun XM, Tenor AR, Cabeza JZ, Craxton A, Self EL, Nakas A, Cain K, MacFarlane M, Willis AE. Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Malignant Mesothelioma Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Induce Pro-Oncogenic Changes in Healthy Mesothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12469. [PMID: 36293328 PMCID: PMC9604431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive tumour of the pleura (MPM) or peritoneum with a clinical presentation at an advanced stage of the disease. Current therapies only marginally improve survival and there is an urgent need to identify new treatments. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the main component of a vast stroma within MPM and play an important role in the tumour microenvironment. The influence of CAFs on cancer progression, aggressiveness and metastasis is well understood; however, the role of CAF-derived extracellular vesicles (CAF-EVs) in the promotion of tumour development and invasiveness is underexplored. We purified CAF-EVs from MPM-associated cells and healthy dermal human fibroblasts and examined their effect on cell proliferation and motility. The data show that exposure of healthy mesothelial cells to EVs derived from CAFs, but not from normal dermal human fibroblasts (NDHF) resulted in activating pro-oncogenic signalling pathways and increased proliferation and motility. Consistent with its role in suppressing Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) activation (which in MPM is a result of Hippo pathway inactivation), treatment with Simvastatin ameliorated the pro-oncogenic effects instigated by CAF-EVs by mechanisms involving both a reduction in EV number and changes in EV cargo. Collectively, these data determine the significance of CAF-derived EVs in mesothelioma development and progression and suggest new targets in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Chernova
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Stefano Grosso
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Xiao-Ming Sun
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Angela Rubio Tenor
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | | | - Andrew Craxton
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Emily L. Self
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | | | - Kelvin Cain
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Anne E. Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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14
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Amabebe E, Ogidi H, Anumba DO. Matrix metalloproteinase-induced cervical extracellular matrix remodelling in pregnancy and cervical cancer. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 3:R177-R191. [PMID: 37931406 PMCID: PMC9422233 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The phenomenal extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling of the cervix that precedes the myometrial contraction of labour at term or preterm appears to share some common mechanisms with the occurrence, growth, invasion and metastasis of cervical carcinoma. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that are pivotal to the complex extracellular tissue modulation that includes degradation, remodelling and exchange of ECM components, which contribute to homeostasis under normal physiological conditions such as cervical remodelling during pregnancy and puerperium. However, in cancer such as that of the uterine cervix, this extensive network of extracellular tissue modulation is altered leading to disrupted cell-cell and cell-basement membrane adhesion, abnormal tissue growth, neovascularization and metastasis that disrupt homeostasis. Cervical ECM remodelling during pregnancy and puerperium could be a physiological albeit benign neoplasm. In this review, we examined the pathophysiologic differences and similarities in the role of MMPs in cervical remodelling and cervical carcinoma. Lay summary During pregnancy and childbirth, the cervix, which is the barrel-shaped lower portion of the womb that connects to the vagina, gradually softens, shortens and opens to allow birth of the baby. This process requires structural and biochemical changes in the cervix that are stimulated by enzymes known as matrix metalloproteinases. Interestingly, these enzymes also affect the structural and biochemical framework of the cervix during cervical cancer, although cervical cancers usually occur after infection by human papillomavirus. This review is intended to identify and explain the similarities and differences between the structural and chemical changes in the cervix during pregnancy and childbirth and the changes seen in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Amabebe
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Henry Ogidi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Glan Clwyd Hospital North Wales, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Dilly O Anumba
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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15
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Sun H, Meng Q, Shi C, Yang H, Li X, Wu S, Familiari G, Relucenti M, Aschner M, Wang X, Chen R. Hypoxia-Inducible Exosomes Facilitate Liver-Tropic Premetastatic Niche in Colorectal Cancer. Hepatology 2021; 74:2633-2651. [PMID: 34110633 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver metastasis is a frequent occurrence in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), with 15%-25% of CRC patients having liver metastases at the time of initial diagnosis. Specifically, some regional-stage patients with mild symptoms (stage 1 or 2) will also advance to liver metastases rapidly, even if the CRC lesion in situ is resected in time. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism of liver metastasis is still unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS Fresh tumor tissues from patients with CRC, adjacent noncancerous tissues, and colorectal adenoma tissues were subjected to microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed microRNA. Exosomes from human serum and cell culture medium were separated, quantitated, and verified by transmission electronic microscopy and Zetasizer Nano. Luciferase reporter assay, real-time quantitative PCR, western blot, immunoprecipitation, chromatin and re-chromatin immunoprecipitation, migration and invasion assay, PDX mouse model, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining were employed to explore the regulation among CRC liver metastases, immunosuppression, and cell adhesion. In this study, we demonstrated that the hypoxic microenvironment in primary CRC lesions boosted exosome release, selectively initiated favorable premetastatic niche formation in the liver but not in other organs. Mechanistically, Kupffer cells (KCs) can phagocytose exosomes containing highly expressed miR-135a-5p from the blood circulation into the liver. Exosomal miR-135a-5p initiated the large tumor suppressor kinase 2-yes-associated protein-matrix metalloproteinase 7 axis to promote the occurrence of CRC liver metastasis, and cluster of differentiation 30-TNF receptor-associated factor 2-p65-mediated immunosuppression signaling also contributed to this process. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia-induced exosomal miR-135a-5p correlates with the development, clinical severity, and prognosis of CRC liver metastases through the premetastatic niche; and our findings revealed that miR-135a-5p might be a promising target in halting CRC liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyu Shi
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbao Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenshen Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy "Pietro Motta,", SAIMLAL Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy "Pietro Motta,", SAIMLAL Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Dikici S, Aldemir Dikici B, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F. Decellularised extracellular matrix decorated PCL PolyHIPE scaffolds for enhanced cellular activity, integration and angiogenesis. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7297-7310. [PMID: 34617526 PMCID: PMC8547328 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing involves a complex series of events where cell–cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions play a key role. Wounding can be simple, such as the loss of the epithelial integrity, or deeper and more complex, reaching to subcutaneous tissues, including blood vessels, muscles and nerves. Rapid neovascularisation of the wounded area is crucial for wound healing as it has a key role in supplying oxygen and nutrients during the highly demanding proliferative phase and transmigration of inflammatory cells to the wound area. One approach to circumvent delayed neovascularisation is the exogenous use of pro-angiogenic factors, which is expensive, highly dose-dependent, and the delivery of them requires a very well-controlled system to avoid leaky, highly permeable and haemorrhagic blood vessel formation. In this study, we decorated polycaprolactone (PCL)-based polymerised high internal phase emulsion (PolyHIPE) scaffolds with fibroblast-derived ECM to assess fibroblast, endothelial cell and keratinocyte activity in vitro and angiogenesis in ex ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. Our results showed that the inclusion of ECM in the scaffolds increased the metabolic activity of three types of cells that play a key role in wound healing and stimulated angiogenesis in ex ovo CAM assays over 7 days. Herein, we demonstrated that fibroblast-ECM functionalised PCL PolyHIPE scaffolds appear to have great potential to be used as an active wound dressing to promote angiogenesis and wound healing. Decellularisation of in vitro generated extracellular matrix (ECM) provides an effective way to stimulate angiogenesis and wound healing.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Dikici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, 35430, Turkey. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Betül Aldemir Dikici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, 35430, Turkey. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
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17
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Lee CG, Moon SR, Cho MY, Park KR. Mast cell degranulation and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in mouse skin following ionizing irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:856-860. [PMID: 34350962 PMCID: PMC8438482 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying the increase in vascular permeability in mouse skin following irradiation. The left ears of C3H mice were subjected to 2 and 15 Gy of radiation in a single exposure. At 24 h after irradiation, the ears were excised and tissue sections were stained with toluidine blue to assess mast cell degranulation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was assessed via immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Approximately 5% (3%-14%) (mean [95% CI]) of mast cells in the skin of control mice were degranulated; moreover, at 24 h after 2 Gy irradiation, this value increased to approximately 20% (17%-28%). Mast cell degranulation by 15 Gy irradiation (32% [24%-40%]) was greater than that by 2 Gy irradiation. Significant differences were observed in mast cell degranulation among the control, 2 Gy and 15 Gy groups (p = 0.012). Furthermore, VEGF-positive reactions were observed in the cytoplasm of scattered fibroblasts in the dermis. In immunohistochemistry tests, VEGF expression at 24 h after irradiation increased slightly in the 2 Gy group compared to that in the control group, whereas no difference in VEGF expression was observed in the 15 Gy group compared to that in the control group. Expression of VEGF in western blots was consistent with that in immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, mast cell degranulation was increased in mouse skin at 24 h after irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, VEGF expression was slightly increased following only low-dose (2 Gy) irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Geol Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Rock Moon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Mee Yon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Ran Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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18
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Huang GH, Zhang YH, Chen L, Li Y, Huang T, Cai YD. Identifying Lung Cancer Cell Markers with Machine Learning Methods and Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090940. [PMID: 34575089 PMCID: PMC8467493 DOI: 10.3390/life11090940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer is a major lethal subtype of epithelial lung cancer, with high morbidity and mortality. The single-cell sequencing technique plays a key role in exploring the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer. We proposed a computational method for distinguishing cell subtypes from the different pathological regions of non-small cell lung cancer on the basis of transcriptomic profiles, including a group of qualitative classification criteria (biomarkers) and various rules. The random forest classifier reached a Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.922 by using 720 features, and the decision tree reached an MCC of 0.786 by using 1880 features. The obtained biomarkers and rules were analyzed in the end of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China;
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - You Li
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China;
| | - Tao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (Y.-D.C.); Tel.: +86-21-54923269 (T.H.); +86-21-66136132 (Y.-D.C.)
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (Y.-D.C.); Tel.: +86-21-54923269 (T.H.); +86-21-66136132 (Y.-D.C.)
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Ashley RL, Runyan CL, Maestas MM, Trigo E, Silver G. Inhibition of the C-X-C Motif Chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and Its Receptor CXCR4 Reduces Utero-Placental Expression of the VEGF System and Increases Utero-Placental Autophagy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:650687. [PMID: 34485423 PMCID: PMC8415452 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.650687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta, a unique organ that only develops during pregnancy, is essential for nutrient, oxygen, and waste exchange between offspring and mother. Yet, despite its importance, the placenta remains one of the least understood organs and knowledge of early placental formation is particularly limited. Abnormalities in placental development result in placental dysfunction or insufficiency whereby normal placental physiology is impaired. Placental dysfunction is a frequent source of pregnancy loss in livestock, inflicting serious economic impact to producers. Though the underlying causes of placental dysfunction are not well-characterized, initiation of disease is thought to occur during establishment of functional fetal and placental circulation. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms controlling placental growth and vascularization is necessary to improve reproductive success in livestock. We propose chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12) signaling through its receptor CXCR4 functions as a chief coordinator of vascularization through direct actions on fetal trophoblast and maternal endometrial and immune cells. To investigate CXCL12–CXCR4 signaling on uteroplacental vascular remodeling at the fetal–maternal interface, we utilized a CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100). On day 12 post-breeding in sheep, osmotic pumps were surgically installed and delivered either AMD3100 or saline into the uterine lumen ipsilateral to the corpus luteum for 14 days. On day 35 of ovine pregnancy, fetal/placental and endometrial tissues were collected, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and uterine horn cross sections were preserved for immunofluorescent analysis. Suppressing CXCL12–CXCR4 at the fetal–maternal interface during initial placental vascularization resulted in diminished abundance of select angiogenic factors in fetal and maternal placenta on day 35. Compared to control, less vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEFG receptor 2 (KDR) were observed in endometrium when CXCL12–CXCR4 was diminished. Less VEGF was also evident in fetal placenta (cotyledons) in ewes receiving AMD3100 infusion compared to control. Suppressing CXCL12–CXCR4 at the fetal–maternal interface also resulted in greater autophagy induction in fetal and maternal placenta compared to control, suggestive of CXCL12–CXCR4 impacting cell survival. CXCL12–CXCR4 signaling may govern placental homeostasis by serving as a critical upstream mediator of vascularization and cell viability, thereby ensuring appropriate placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Ashley
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Cheyenne L Runyan
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Marlie M Maestas
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Elisa Trigo
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Gail Silver
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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20
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Altadill A, Eiro N, González LO, Andicoechea A, Fernández-Francos S, Rodrigo L, García-Muñiz JL, Vizoso FJ. Relationship between Metalloprotease-7 and -14 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease 1 Expression by Mucosal Stromal Cells and Colorectal Cancer Development in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050495. [PMID: 33946534 PMCID: PMC8147221 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an example of an inflammation-related cancer. Matrix metalloproteases (MMP) are known to be associated with both processes. The aim of the study was to compare the expression of MMP-7, MMP-14 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-1 (TIMP-1) in sporadic CRC- and IBD-associated CRC, and to compare the expression in inflamed and non-inflamed colonic tissue samples from IBD patients without or with associated CRC. An immunohistochemical study of MMP-7, -14 and TIMP-1 was performed on sporadic CRC (n = 86), IBD-associated CRC (n = 23) and colorectal mucosa of non-tumor samples from IBD patients without (n = 47) and with (n = 23) associated CRC. These factors were more frequently expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) from IBD-associated CRC than by CAF from CRC not associated with IBD. Regarding the inflamed tissue of IBD patients, Crohn’s disease (CD) patients with CRC development showed a higher expression of MMP-14 by fibroblasts and by mononuclear inflammatory cells (MICs) than CD patients without CRC development. In non-inflamed tissue samples, MMP-7 associated with fibroblasts and MICs, and TIMP-1 associated with MICs, were more frequently expressed in CD patients with CRC development than in CD patients without CRC development. Our data suggest that these factor expressions by stromal cells may be biological markers of CRC development risk in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Altadill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain;
| | - Noemi Eiro
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain; (N.E.); (S.F.-F.); (J.L.G.-M.)
| | - Luis O. González
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Andicoechea
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain;
| | - Silvia Fernández-Francos
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain; (N.E.); (S.F.-F.); (J.L.G.-M.)
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - José Luis García-Muñiz
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain; (N.E.); (S.F.-F.); (J.L.G.-M.)
| | - Francisco J. Vizoso
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain; (N.E.); (S.F.-F.); (J.L.G.-M.)
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33290 Gijón, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-985320050
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21
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Ruan T, Jiang L, Xu J, Zhou J. Abiraterone suppresses irradiated lung cancer cells-induced angiogenic capacities of endothelial cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:343-349. [PMID: 33821396 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) threatens human life globally with high morbidity and mortality and radiotherapy is one of the most effective methods for the treatment of NSCLC. However, it is currently reported that the angiogenesis of tumors can be induced by a low dosage of irradiation. Abiraterone is an oral anti-tumor agent for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In the present study, the anti-angiogenesis effect of Abiraterone against HUVECs incubated with irradiated lung cancer cell medium will be investigated. The HUVECs were incubated with a cultural medium of the NSCLC cell line-A549, Abiraterone-treated A549 cells, irradiation-treated A549 cells, and Abiraterone and irradiation co-treated A549 cells. The tolerable concentration of Abiraterone against HUVECs was determined using MTT assay. The migration and angiogenesis abilities of HUVECs were evaluated using transwell and tube formation assays, respectively. The expression levels of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the treated HUVECs were detected using qRT-PCR and ELISA. Western blot was used to determine the expressions of p-PI3K and p-AKT. The tolerable concentration of Abiraterone used in the present study was 50 nM. First, the migration rate and numbers of formed tubes were significantly decreased by the A549 medium treated with Abiraterone and elevated by the A549 medium treated with irradiation but greatly suppressed by the co-treatment with Abiraterone. Subsequently, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were significantly downregulated by the A549 medium treated with Abiraterone and upregulated by the A549 medium treated with irradiation but greatly inhibited by the co-treatment with Abiraterone. Lastly, the activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway induced by the A549 medium treated with irradiation was significantly suppressed by the A549 medium treated with both irradiation and Abiraterone. Abiraterone suppressed irradiated lung cancer cells-induced angiogenic capacities of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyan Ruan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junying Xu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juying Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Conformation-Specific Inhibitory Anti-MMP-7 Monoclonal Antibody Sensitizes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells to Chemotherapeutic Cell Kill. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071679. [PMID: 33918254 PMCID: PMC8038143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) undergo post-translational modifications including pro-domain shedding. The activated forms of these enzymes are effective drug targets, but generating potent biological inhibitors against them remains challenging. We report the generation of anti-MMP-7 inhibitory monoclonal antibody (GSM-192), using an alternating immunization strategy with an active site mimicry antigen and the activated enzyme. Our protocol yielded highly selective anti-MMP-7 monoclonal antibody, which specifically inhibits MMP-7's enzyme activity with high affinity (IC50 = 132 ± 10 nM). The atomic model of the MMP-7-GSM-192 Fab complex exhibited antibody binding to unique epitopes at the rim of the enzyme active site, sterically preventing entry of substrates into the catalytic cleft. In human PDAC biopsies, tissue staining with GSM-192 showed characteristic spatial distribution of activated MMP-7. Treatment with GSM-192 in vitro induced apoptosis via stabilization of cell surface Fas ligand and retarded cell migration. Co-treatment with GSM-192 and chemotherapeutics, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin elicited a synergistic effect. Our data illustrate the advantage of precisely targeting catalytic MMP-7 mediated disease specific activity.
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23
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Developmental events and cellular changes occurred during esophageal development of quail embryos. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7257. [PMID: 33790338 PMCID: PMC8012389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study focused on the histogenesis of the esophagus in quail embryos. Formation of the gut tube occurred on the 4th day of incubation. Development of the muscular layers occurred in a sequential manner; the inner circular layer on the 7th day, the outer longitudinal layer on the 8th day and the muscularis mucosae on the 9th day. Glandular development began on the 13th day of incubation. The epithelium was pseudostratified columnar that consisted of mucous cells, dendritic cells, and keratinocyte precursors. Epithelial stratification occurred on the 15th day of incubation. We used Mallory trichrome, Weigert-Van Gieson, and Gomori silver stains to visualize fibrous components. Scanned samples showed formation of endoderm and mesoderm on the 5th day of incubation. A layer of myoblasts developed on the 8th day of incubation. Formation of mucosal folds, which contained glandular openings, occurred on the 14th to 17th days of incubation. On the 5th to 8th days of incubation, CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) positive-mesodermal cells, and telocytes (TCs) were detected. On the 15th day of incubation, CD34 and VEGF positive-telocytes, and fibroblasts, were identified. The current study described the correlations between functional morphology and evolutionary biology.
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24
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Zhang S, Sousa A, Lin M, Iwano A, Jain R, Ma B, Lee CM, Park JW, Kamle S, Carlson R, Lee GG, Elias JA, Wands JR. Role of Chitinase 3-Like 1 Protein in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2021; 10:201. [PMID: 33498326 PMCID: PMC7909438 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A recently discovered human glycoprotein, chitinase 3-like 1 (Chi3L1), may play a role in inflammation, tissue remodeling, and visceral fat accumulation. We hypothesize that Chi3L1 gene expression is important in the development of hepatic insulin resistance characterized by the generation of pAKT, pGSK, and pERK in wild type and Chi3L1 knockout (KO) murine liver following insulin stimulation. The Chi3L1 gene and protein expression was evaluated by Real Time PCR and ELISA; lipid accumulation in hepatocytes was also assessed. To alter Chi3L1 function, three different anti-Chi3L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were administered in vivo and effects on the insulin signaling cascade and hepatic lipid deposition were determined. Transmission of the hepatic insulin signal was substantially improved following KO of the CHi3L1 gene and there was reduced lipid deposition produced by a HFD. The HFD-fed mice exhibited increased Chi3L1 expression in the liver and there was impaired insulin signal transduction. All three anti-Chi3L1 mAbs partially restored hepatic insulin sensitivity which was associated with reduced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes as well. A KO of the Chi3L1 gene reduced lipid accumulation and improved insulin signaling. Therefore, Chi3L1 gene upregulation may be an important factor in the generation of NAFLD/NASH phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Aryanna Sousa
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Mengqui Lin
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Ayako Iwano
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Rishubh Jain
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Chang Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Jin Wook Park
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Suchitra Kamle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Rolf Carlson
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Ghun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Jack A. Elias
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (B.M.); (C.M.L.); (J.W.P.); (S.K.); (G.G.L.); (J.A.E.)
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jack R. Wands
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (S.Z.); (A.S.); (M.L.); (A.I.); (R.J.); (R.C.)
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25
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Frangogiannis NG. Fact and Fiction About Fibroblast to Endothelium Conversion: Semantics and Substance of Cellular Identity. Circulation 2020; 142:1663-1666. [PMID: 33104399 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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26
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Yamashita S, Komori T, Kohjimoto Y, Miyajima A, Hara I, Morikawa Y. Essential roles of oncostatin M receptor β signaling in renal crystal formation in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17150. [PMID: 33051515 PMCID: PMC7553912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM), a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, has important roles in renal diseases. The relationship between OSM and kidney stone disease, however, remains unclear. To investigate the roles of OSM in the development of kidney stone disease, we generated a mouse model of renal crystal formation using OSM receptor β (OSMRβ)-deficient mice (OSMRβ−/− mice). There were fewer renal crystal deposits in OSMRβ−/− mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. Crystal-binding molecules (osteopontin, annexin A1, and annexin A2), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), and fibrosis markers (TGF-β, collagen 1a2, and α-smooth muscle actin) were also decreased in the kidneys of OSMRβ−/− mice compared with those in WT mice. Immunofluorescence staining showed that OSMRβ was expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and renal fibroblasts in the model of renal crystal formation. In the cultured RTECs and renal fibroblasts, OSM directly induced the expression of crystal-binding molecules and fibrosis markers. Expressions of inflammatory cytokines were increased by stimulation with OSM in cultured renal fibroblasts. OSM may promote the formation of renal crystal deposits by directly acting on RTECs and renal fibroblasts to produce crystal-binding molecules and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadasuke Komori
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kohjimoto
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Hara
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Morikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
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27
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Wang T, Lyu CY, Jiang YH, Dong XY, Wang Y, Li ZH, Wang JX, Xu RR. A drug-biomarker interaction model to predict the key targets of Scutellaria barbata D. Don in adverse-risk acute myeloid leukaemia. Mol Divers 2020; 25:2351-2365. [PMID: 32676746 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A poor prognosis, relapse and resistance are burning issues during adverse-risk acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) treatment. As a natural medicine, Scutellaria barbata D. Don (SBD) has shown impressive antitumour activity in various cancers. Thus, SBD may become a potential drug in adverse-risk AML treatment. This study aimed to screen the key targets of SBD in adverse-risk AML using the drug-biomarker interaction model through bioinformatics and network pharmacology methods. First, the adverse-risk AML-related critical biomarkers and targets of SBD active ingredient were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and several pharmacophore matching databases. Next, the protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and topological analysis and pathway enrichment were used to screen key targets and main pathways of intervention of SBD in adverse-risk AML. Finally, molecular docking was implemented for key target verification. The results suggest that luteolin and quercetin are the main active components of SBD against adverse-risk AML, and affected drug resistance, apoptosis, immune regulation and angiogenesis through the core targets AKT1, MAPK1, IL6, EGFR, SRC, VEGFA and TP53. We hope the proposed drug-biomarker interaction model provides an effective strategy for the research and development of antitumour drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yi Lyu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Hua Jiang
- Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yan Dong
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Hong Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xin Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Rong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Elevated expression of protease-activated receptor 1 via ΔNp63 down-regulation contributes to nodal metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 50:163-170. [PMID: 32536459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is known as a thrombin receptor. Recent studies have reported PAR1 expression in various malignancies; however, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requires clarification. A previous study showed that down-regulation of ΔNp63, a homolog of p53, augments PAR1 expression in OSCC. In the present study, the association of PAR1 expression with clinicopathological findings in OSCC was examined retrospectively. Expression of PAR1, thrombin, and ΔNp63 was examined immunohistochemically in OSCC specimens. Patients were divided into three groups based on the expression pattern of PAR1 at the invasive front: group A, PAR1-negative in both cancer and stromal cells; group B, positive in stromal cells but negative in cancer cells; group C, positive in both cancer and stromal cells. Histologically high-grade tumours were significantly more common in group C. Patients in group C had the highest incidence rate of nodal metastasis (P<0.001) and a lower survival rate (P=0.085) than those in the other groups. At the invasive front, in group C, thrombin was expressed but ΔNp63 expression was weak. These results indicate that increased PAR1 expression in both cancer and stromal cells could be a useful predictive marker of nodal metastasis and that ΔNp63 is involved in regulating PAR1 expression.
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29
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Yadav PK, Gupta SK, Kumar S, Ghosh M, Yadav BS, Kumar D, Kumar A, Saini M, Kataria M. IL-18 immunoadjuvanted xenogeneic canine MMP-7 DNA vaccine overcomes immune tolerance and supresses the growth of murine mammary tumor. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106370. [PMID: 32155464 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of the tumorigenesis and angiogenesis through proteolytic cleavage of extracellular matrix protein and basement membranes is promoted by Matrix metelloproteinases-7 (MMP-7). Consequently, MMP-7 is presumed as potential target for mammary cancer immunotherapy. However, MMP-7 is an endogenous tumor associated antigen (TAA); therefore, immunization is challenging. In current study, a potent anti-tumor immune response has been elicited through recombinant bivalent plasmid pVIVO2.IL18.cMMP7 which subside the highly metastatic 4 T1 cell line induced mammary tumors and efficiently negate the existing challenge of using MMP-7 as immunotherapeutic target. Balb/c mice were immunized with canine MMP-7 (cMMP-7) using interleukine-18 (IL-18), as an immunoadjuvant, to explore the potential of the combination regarding elicitation of a potent anti-tumor immune response. Mice vaccinated with pVIVO2.IL18.cMMP7 DNA plasmid reduced the tumor growth significantly along with augmentation of the immune response to fight against tumor antigen as depicted by substantial enrichment of CD4+ and CD8+ population in splenocytes, infiltration of immune system cells in tumor tissue and enhanced survival time of mice. Further, splenocyte supernatant examination of the cytokines revealed that Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) were remarkably up-regulated demonstrating the stimulation of cell-mediated immune response. Thus the current observations vividly portray that administration of xenogeneic MMP-7 DNA vaccine bypasses the tolerance barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shishir Kumar Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brijesh Singh Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; University of Information Science & Technology St. Paul the apostle Partizanska bb., 6000 Ohrid, The Former Yugolav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidylaya, Jabalpur 482004, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohini Saini
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meena Kataria
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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30
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Arvidsson M, Ahmed A, Bouzina H, Rådegran G. Matrix metalloproteinase 7 in diagnosis and differentiation of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2019; 9:2045894019895414. [PMID: 31908766 PMCID: PMC6935882 DOI: 10.1177/2045894019895414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a severe disease for which diagnosis often is delayed. Matrix metalloproteinases have been suggested to play a role in vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension development. Our aim was therefore to investigate the potential role of matrix metalloproteinases as biomarkers in diagnosis and differentiation of pulmonary arterial hypertension in relation to various causes of dyspnea and pulmonary hypertension. Using proximity extension assays, 10 matrix metalloproteinases and associated proteins were analyzed in venous plasma from healthy controls (n = 20), as well as patients diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension (n = 48), chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (n = 20), pulmonary hypertension due to heart failure with preserved (n = 33) or reduced (n = 36) ejection fraction, and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction without pulmonary hypertension (n = 15). Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -7, -9, -12 and TIMP-4 were elevated (p < 0.01) in pulmonary arterial hypertension compared to controls. Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-7 were furthermore lower (p < 0.0081) in pulmonary arterial hypertension than in all the other disease groups, but higher compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-7 resulted in sensitivity of 58.7% and a specificity of 83.3% for detecting pulmonary arterial hypertension among the other disease groups. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-7 may provide a potential new diagnostic tool to differentiate pulmonary arterial hypertension from other causes of dyspnea, including heart failure with or without pulmonary hypertension and healthy controls. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 may furthermore be involved in the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Future studies investigating the clinical usefulness of matrix metalloproteinase-7 in the differentiation and earlier diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as its relationship to pulmonary arterial hypertension pathogenesis, are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Arvidsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,The Hemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO Heart and Lung Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Abdulla Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,The Hemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO Heart and Lung Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Habib Bouzina
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,The Hemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO Heart and Lung Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Rådegran
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,The Hemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO Heart and Lung Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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31
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Mohan V, Das A, Sagi I. Emerging roles of ECM remodeling processes in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:192-200. [PMID: 31518697 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central and dynamic role in the creation of tumor microenvironment. Herein we discuss the emerging biophysical and biochemical aspects of ECM buildup and proteolysis in cancer niche formation. Dysregulated ECM remodeling by cancer cells facilitate irreversible proteolysis and crosslinking, which in turn influence cell signaling, micro environmental cues, angiogenesis and tissue biomechanics. Further, we introduce the emerging roles of cancer microbiome in aberrant tumor ECM remodeling and membrane bound nano-sized vesicles called exosomes in creation of distant pre-metastatic niches. A detailed molecular and biophysical understanding of the ECM morphologies and its components such as key enzymes, structural and signaling molecules are critical in identifying the next generation of therapeutic and diagnostic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Mohan
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alakesh Das
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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32
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The Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081172. [PMID: 31416205 PMCID: PMC6721633 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current standard-of-care for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) includes chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic or anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies, even though the addition of anti-angiogenic agents to backbone chemotherapy provides little benefit for overall survival. Since the approval of anti-angiogenic monoclonal antibodies bevacizumab and aflibercept, for the management of mCRC over a decade ago, extensive efforts have been devoted to discovering predictive factors of the anti-angiogenic response, unsuccessfully. Recent evidence has suggested a potential correlation between angiogenesis and immune phenotypes associated with colorectal cancer. Here, we review evidence of interactions between tumor angiogenesis, the immune microenvironment, and metabolic reprogramming. More specifically, we will highlight such interactions as inferred from our novel immune-metabolic (IM) signature, which groups mCRC into three distinct clusters, namely inflamed-stromal-dependent (IM Cluster 1), inflamed-non stromal-dependent (IM Cluster 2), and non-inflamed or cold (IM Cluster 3), and discuss the merits of the IM classification as a guide to new immune-metabolic combinatorial therapeutic strategies in mCRC.
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33
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Chandler C, Liu T, Buckanovich R, Coffman LG. The double edge sword of fibrosis in cancer. Transl Res 2019; 209:55-67. [PMID: 30871956 PMCID: PMC6545239 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibrosis is a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) which significantly impacts cancer behavior. However, there is significant controversy regarding fibrosis as a predominantly tumor promoting or tumor suppressing factor. Cells essential to the generation of tissue fibrosis such as fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have dual phenotypes dependent upon their independence or association with cancer cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer-associated MSCs have unique molecular profiles which facilitate cancer cell cross talk, influence extracellular matrix deposition, and direct the immune system to generate a protumorigenic environment. In contrast, normal tissue fibroblasts and MSCs are important in restraining cancer initiation, influencing epithelial cell differentiation, and limiting cancer cell invasion. We propose this apparent dichotomy of function is due to (1) cancer mediated stromal reprogramming; (2) tissue stromal source; (3) unique subtypes of fibrosis; and (4) the impact of fibrosis on other TME elements. First, as cancer progresses, tumor cells influence their surrounding stroma to move from a cancer restraining phenotype into a cancer supportive role. Second, cancer has specific organ tropism, thus stroma derived from preferred metastatic organs support growth while less preferred metastatic tissues do not. Third, there are subtypes of fibrosis which have unique function to support or inhibit cancer growth. Fourth, depleting fibrosis influences other TME components which drive the cancer response. Collectively, this review highlights the complexity of cancer-associated fibrosis and supports a dual function of fibrosis which evolves during the continuum of cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Chandler
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tianshi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald Buckanovich
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lan G Coffman
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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34
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Dambala K, Paschou SA, Michopoulos A, Siasos G, Goulis DG, Vavilis D, Tarlatzis BC. Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Angiology 2019; 70:797-801. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319719840091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age. The criteria required for the diagnosis identify various phenotypes, with different reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular (CV) risk characteristics. Emerging evidence links adipocyte-secreted hormones as candidates in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in PCOS, independently of additional risk factors. The aim of this review was to collect, analyze, and qualitatively resynthesize evidence on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (visfatin, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], matrix metalloproteinase 9 [MMP-9]) in women with PCOS. Women with PCOS exhibit (a) increased plasma visfatin concentrations compared with controls with a similar body mass index; (b) increased VEGF production along with chronic, mild inflammation; and (c) increased MMP-9 concentrations, which might be related to either excessive CV risk or abnormalities of ovarian extracellular matrix remodeling, multiple cyst formation, follicular atresia, and chronic anovulation. As PCOS has been associated with CV risk, early identification of endothelial dysfunction is clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Dambala
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavroula A. Paschou
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, “Aghia Sophia” Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Michopoulos
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G. Goulis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vavilis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Basil C. Tarlatzis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Zhang
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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36
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Rai A, Greening DW, Chen M, Xu R, Ji H, Simpson RJ. Exosomes Derived from Human Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells Contribute to Functional Heterogeneity of Activated Fibroblasts by Reprogramming Their Proteome. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800148. [PMID: 30582284 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogeneous population of activated fibroblasts that constitute a dominant cellular component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) performing distinct functions. Here, the role of tumor-derived exosomes (Exos) in activating quiescent fibroblasts into distinct functional subtypes is investigated. Proteomic profiling and functional dissection reveal that early- (SW480) and late-stage (SW620) colorectal cancer (CRC) cell-derived Exos both activated normal quiescent fibroblasts (α-SMA- , CAV+ , FAP+ , VIM+ ) into CAF-like fibroblasts (α-SMA+ , CAV- , FAP+ , VIM+ ). Fibroblasts activated by early-stage cancer-exosomes (SW480-Exos) are highly pro-proliferative and pro-angiogenic and display elevated expression of pro-angiogenic (IL8, RAB10, NDRG1) and pro-proliferative (SA1008, FFPS) proteins. In contrast, fibroblasts activated by late-stage cancer-exosomes (SW620-Exos) display a striking ability to invade through extracellular matrix through upregulation of pro-invasive regulators of membrane protrusion (PDLIM1, MYO1B) and matrix-remodeling proteins (MMP11, EMMPRIN, ADAM10). Conserved features of Exos-mediated fibroblast activation include enhanced ECM secretion (COL1A1, Tenascin-C/X), oncogenic transformation, and metabolic reprogramming (downregulation of CAV-1, upregulation of glycogen metabolism (GAA), amino acid biosynthesis (SHMT2, IDH2) and membrane transporters of glucose (GLUT1), lactate (MCT4), and amino acids (SLC1A5/3A5)). This study highlights the role of primary and metastatic CRC tumor-derived Exos in generating phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of CAFs that may facilitate tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maoshan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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37
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The Distribution of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Human Beta-Defensin-2 (HBD-2), and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) in Intra-Abdominal Adhesions in Children under One Year of Age. ScientificWorldJournal 2018; 2018:5953095. [PMID: 30692872 PMCID: PMC6332881 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5953095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory role between ischemia related factors and antimicrobial peptides in congenital intra-abdominal adhesions has not yet been defined. The aim of this research was to investigate the appearance and relative distribution of VEGF, HBD-2, and HGF in congenital intra-abdominal adhesions compared with relatively healthy tissue controls. The study group material was obtained from 48 patients who underwent abdominal surgery due to partial or complete bowel obstruction. VEGF, HBD-2, and HGF were detected using immunohistochemistry methods and their relative distribution was evaluated by means of the semiquantitative counting method. The results were analyzed using nonparametric statistic methods. A moderate number of VEGF positive endotheliocytes were detected, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. In the experimental group, a moderate to high number of VEGF positive macrophages was observed. In control group tissues, such macrophages were seen in significantly lower number (U = 61.0, p = 0.001). The increase of VEGF positive cells indicates support of angiogenesis due to the hypoxic conditions in case of adhesion disease. The number of HBD-2 marked fibroblasts and macrophages was moderate to high, but only few positive endotheliocytes were observed. Persisting appearance of HBD-2 positive structures might be a result of the inflammatory process. Most specimens showed occasional HGF positive macrophages and fibroblasts and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The relatively weak appearance of HGF suggests that the lack of this factor promotes the formation of fibrotic changes in case of intra-abdominal adhesions.
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38
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Randi AM, Smith KE, Castaman G. von Willebrand factor regulation of blood vessel formation. Blood 2018; 132:132-140. [PMID: 29866817 PMCID: PMC6182264 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-01-769018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several important physiological processes, from permeability to inflammation to hemostasis, take place at the vessel wall and are regulated by endothelial cells (ECs). Thus, proteins that have been identified as regulators of one process are increasingly found to be involved in other vascular functions. Such is the case for von Willebrand factor (VWF), a large glycoprotein best known for its critical role in hemostasis. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that lack of VWF causes enhanced vascularization, both constitutively and following ischemia. This evidence is supported by studies on blood outgrowth EC (BOEC) from patients with lack of VWF synthesis (type 3 von Willebrand disease [VWD]). The molecular pathways are likely to involve VWF binding partners, such as integrin αvβ3, and components of Weibel-Palade bodies, such as angiopoietin-2 and galectin-3, whose storage is regulated by VWF; these converge on the master regulator of angiogenesis and endothelial homeostasis, vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Recent studies suggest that the roles of VWF may be tissue specific. The ability of VWF to regulate angiogenesis has clinical implications for a subset of VWD patients with severe, intractable gastrointestinal bleeding resulting from vascular malformations. In this article, we review the evidence showing that VWF is involved in blood vessel formation, discuss the role of VWF high-molecular-weight multimers in regulating angiogenesis, and review the value of studies on BOEC in developing a precision medicine approach to validate novel treatments for angiodysplasia in congenital VWD and acquired von Willebrand syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Randi
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Koval E Smith
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Giancarlo Castaman
- Center for Bleeding Disorders and Coagulation, Department of Oncology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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39
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Hill EE, Kim JK, Jung Y, Neeley CK, Pienta KJ, Taichman RS, Nor JE, Baker JR, Krebsbach PH. Integrin alpha V beta 3 targeted dendrimer-rapamycin conjugate reduces fibroblast-mediated prostate tumor progression and metastasis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8074-8083. [PMID: 29380900 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies targeting both cancer cells and associated cells in the tumor microenvironment offer significant promise in cancer therapy. We previously reported that generation 5 (G5) dendrimers conjugated with cyclic-RGD peptides target cells expressing integrin alpha V beta 3. In this study, we report a novel dendrimer conjugate modified to deliver the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, rapamycin. In vitro analyses demonstrated that this drug conjugate, G5-FI-RGD-rapamycin, binds to prostate cancer (PCa) cells and fibroblasts to inhibit mTOR signaling and VEGF expression. In addition, G5-FI-RGD-rapamycin inhibits mTOR signaling in cancer cells more efficiently under proinflammatory conditions compared to free rapamycin. In vivo studies established that G5-FI-RGD-rapamycin significantly inhibits fibroblast-mediated PCa progression and metastasis. Thus, our results suggest the potential of new rapamycin-conjugated multifunctional nanoparticles for PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott E Hill
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jin Koo Kim
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chris K Neeley
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Russell S Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jacques E Nor
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pathology and Nanotechnology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul H Krebsbach
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California
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40
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George PM, Oh B, Dewi R, Hua T, Cai L, Levinson A, Liang X, Krajina BA, Bliss TM, Heilshorn SC, Steinberg GK. Engineered stem cell mimics to enhance stroke recovery. Biomaterials 2018; 178:63-72. [PMID: 29909038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, no medical therapies exist to augment stroke recovery. Stem cells are an intriguing treatment option being evaluated, but cell-based therapies have several challenges including developing a stable cell product with long term reproducibility. Since much of the improvement observed from cellular therapeutics is believed to result from trophic factors the stem cells release over time, biomaterials are well-positioned to deliver these important molecules in a similar fashion. Here we show that essential trophic factors secreted from stem cells can be effectively released from a multi-component hydrogel system into the post-stroke environment. Using our polymeric system to deliver VEGF-A and MMP-9, we improved recovery after stroke to an equivalent degree as observed with traditional stem cell treatment in a rodent model. While VEGF-A and MMP-9 have many unique mechanisms of action, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) interacts with both VEGF-A and MMP-9. With our hydrogel system as well as with stem cell delivery, the CTGF pathway is shown to be downregulated with improved stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M George
- Department of Neurology and the Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Stroke Center and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Byeongtaek Oh
- Department of Neurology and the Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ruby Dewi
- Department of Material Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thuy Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Material Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexa Levinson
- Department of Neurology and the Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xibin Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brad A Krajina
- Department of Material Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tonya M Bliss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Material Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurology and the Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Stroke Center and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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41
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Alidzanovic L, Starlinger P, Schauer D, Maier T, Feldman A, Buchberger E, Stift J, Koeck U, Pop L, Gruenberger B, Gruenberger T, Brostjan C. The VEGF rise in blood of bevacizumab patients is not based on tumor escape but a host-blockade of VEGF clearance. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57197-57212. [PMID: 27527865 PMCID: PMC5302983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has become a major target in cancer treatment as it promotes tumor angiogenesis. Therapy with anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab reportedly induces high levels of circulating VEGF which may potentially contribute to resistance. Based on animal or computational models, mechanisms of VEGF induction by bevacizumab have been proposed but not verified in the clinical setting. Hence, we evaluated sixty patients with colorectal cancer metastases for changes in plasma VEGF during neoadjuvant/conversion and adjuvant chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab. VEGF expression was assessed in tissue sections of liver metastases. The VEGF source was investigated with in vitro cultures of tumor, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and platelets, and potential protein stabilization due to anti-VEGF therapy was addressed. A VEGF rise was observed in blood of bevacizumab patients but not in chemotherapy controls, and VEGF was found to be largely complexed by the antibody. A comparable VEGF increase occurred in the presence (neoadjuvant) and absence of the tumor (adjuvant). Accordingly, VEGF expression in tumor tissue was not determined by bevacizumab treatment. Investigations with isolated cell types did not reveal VEGF production in response to bevacizumab. However, antibody addition to endothelial cultures led to a dose-dependent blockade of VEGF internalization and hence stabilized VEGF in the supernatant. In conclusion, the VEGF rise in cancer patients treated with bevacizumab is not originating from the tumor. The accumulation of primarily host-derived VEGF in circulation can be explained by antibody interference with receptor-mediated endocytosis and protein degradation. Thus, the VEGF increase in response to bevacizumab therapy should not be regarded as a tumor escape mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Alidzanovic
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominic Schauer
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Maier
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Feldman
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Buchberger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Stift
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Koeck
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorand Pop
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Gruenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of The Merciful Brothers, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gruenberger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Current address: Department of Surgery I, Rudolf Foundation Clinic, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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42
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Del Amo C, Borau C, Movilla N, Asín J, García-Aznar JM. Quantifying 3D chemotaxis in microfluidic-based chips with step gradients of collagen hydrogel concentrations. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:339-349. [PMID: 28300261 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential process involved in crucial stages of tissue formation, regeneration or immune function as well as in pathological processes including tumor development or metastasis. During the last few years, the effect of gradients of soluble molecules on cell migration has been widely studied, and complex systems have been used to analyze cell behavior under simultaneous mechano-chemical stimuli. Most of these chemotactic assays have, however, focused on specific substrates in 2D. The aim of the present work is to develop a novel microfluidic-based chip that allows the long-term chemoattractant effect of growth factors (GFs) on 3D cell migration to be studied, while also providing the possibility to analyze the influence of the interface generated between different adjacent hydrogels. Namely, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 4 mg ml-1 concentrations of collagen type I were alternatively combined with 5, 10 or 50 ng ml-1 concentrations of PDGF and VEGF (as a negative control). To achieve this goal, we have designed a new microfluidic device including three adjacent chambers to introduce hydrogels that allow the generation of a collagen concentration step gradient. This versatile and simple platform was tested by using dermal human fibroblasts embedded in 3D collagen matrices. Images taken over a week were processed to quantify the number of cells in each zone. We found, in terms of cell distribution, that the presence of PDGF, especially in small concentrations, was a strong chemoattractant for dermal human fibroblasts across the gels regardless of their collagen concentration and step gradient direction, whereas the effects of VEGF or collagen step gradient concentrations alone were negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Del Amo
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Levin M, Udi Y, Solomonov I, Sagi I. Next generation matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors - Novel strategies bring new prospects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017. [PMID: 28636874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic proteolysis of cell surface proteins and extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for tissue homeostasis and cell signaling. These proteolytic activities are mediated predominantly by a family of proteases termed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The growing evidence in recent years that ECM and non-ECM bioactive molecules (e.g., growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, on top of matrikines and matricryptins) have versatile functions redefines our view on the roles matrix remodeling enzymes play in many physiological and pathological processes, and underscores the notion that ECM proteolytic reaction mechanisms represent master switches in the regulation of critical biological processes and govern cell behavior. Accordingly, MMPs are not only responsible for direct degradation of ECM molecules but are also key modulators of cardinal bioactive factors. Many attempts were made to manipulate ECM degradation by targeting MMPs using small peptidic and organic inhibitors. However, due to the high structural homology shared by these enzymes, the majority of the developed compounds are broad-spectrum inhibitors affecting the proteolytic activity of various MMPs and other zinc-related proteases. These inhibitors, in many cases, failed as therapeutic agents, mainly due to the bilateral role of MMPs in pathological conditions such as cancer, in which MMPs have both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. Despite the important role of MMPs in many human diseases, none of the broad-range synthetic MMP inhibitors that were designed have successfully passed clinical trials. It appears that, designing highly selective MMP inhibitors that are also effective in vivo, is not trivial. The challenges related to designing selective and effective metalloprotease inhibitors, are associated in part with the aforesaid high structural homology and the dynamic nature of their protein scaffolds. Great progress was achieved in the last decade in understanding the biochemistry and biology of MMPs activity. This knowledge, combined with lessons from the past has drawn new "boundaries" for the development of the next-generation MMP inhibitors. These novel agents are currently designed to be highly specific, capable to discriminate between the homologous MMPs and ideally administered as a short-term topical treatment. In this review we discuss the latest progress in the fields of MMP inhibitors in terms of structure, function and their specific activity. The development of novel highly specific inhibitors targeting MMPs paves the path to study complex biological processes associated with ECM proteolysis in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Matrix Metalloproteinases edited by Rafael Fridman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Levin
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Udi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Inna Solomonov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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The role of cardiac fibroblasts in post-myocardial heart tissue repair. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:231-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hayashi Y, Tsujii M, Kodama T, Akasaka T, Kondo J, Hikita H, Inoue T, Tsujii Y, Maekawa A, Yoshii S, Shinzaki S, Watabe K, Tomita Y, Inoue M, Tatsumi T, Iijima H, Takehara T. p53 functional deficiency in human colon cancer cells promotes fibroblast-mediated angiogenesis and tumor growth. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:972-984. [PMID: 27520561 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) create a microenvironment that contributes to tumor growth; however, the mechanism by which fibroblasts are phenotypically altered to CAFs remains unclear. Loss or mutation of the tumor suppressor p53 plays a crucial role in cancer progression. Herein, we analyzed how the p53 status of cancer cells affects fibroblasts by investigating the in vivo and in vitro effects of loss of p53 function in cancer cells on phenotypic changes in fibroblasts and subsequent tumor progression in human colon cancer cell lines containing wild-type p53 and in cells with a p53 functional deficiency. The growth of p53-deficient tumors was significantly enhanced in the presence of fibroblasts compared with that of p53-wild-type tumors or p53-deficient tumors without fibroblasts. p53-deficient cancer cells produced reactive oxygen species, which activated fibroblasts to mediate angiogenesis by secreting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) both in vivo and in vitro Activated fibroblasts significantly contributed to tumor progression. Deletion of fibroblast-derived VEGF or treatment with N-acetylcysteine suppressed the growth of p53-deficient xenograft tumors. The growth effect of blocking VEGF secreted from cancer cells was equivalent regardless of p53 functional status. Human colon cancer tissues also showed a significant positive correlation between p53 cancer cell staining activated fibroblasts and microvessel density. These results reveal that fibroblasts were altered by exposure to p53-deficient epithelial cancer cells and contributed to tumor progression by promoting neovascularization. Thus, p53 acts as a modulator of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
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Chanmee T, Ontong P, Itano N. Hyaluronan: A modulator of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fibroblast-Specific Deletion of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Critically Impairs Murine Cutaneous Neovascularization and Wound Healing. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 136:1004-1013. [PMID: 26505703 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and aging are known risk factors for impaired neovascularization in response to ischemic insult, resulting in chronic wounds, and poor outcomes following myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular injury. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, has been identified as a critical regulator of the response to ischemic injury and is dysfunctional in diabetic and elderly patients. To better understand the role of this master hypoxia regulator within cutaneous tissue, the authors generated and evaluated a fibroblast-specific HIF-1α knockout mouse model. METHODS The authors generated floxed HIF-1 mice (HIF-1) by introducing loxP sites around exon 1 of the HIF-1 allele in C57BL/6J mice. Fibroblast-restricted HIF-1α knockout (FbKO) mice were generated by breeding our HIF-1 with tamoxifen-inducible Col1a2-Cre mice (Col1a2-CreER). HIF-1α knockout was evaluated on a DNA, RNA, and protein level. Knockout and wild-type mice were subjected to ischemic flap and wound healing models, and CD31 immunohistochemistry was performed to assess vascularity of healed wounds. RESULTS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of FbKO skin demonstrated significantly reduced Hif1 and Vegfa expression compared with wild-type. This finding was confirmed at the protein level (p < 0.05). HIF-1α knockout mice showed significantly impaired revascularization of ischemic tissue and wound closure and vascularity (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Loss of HIF-1α from fibroblasts results in delayed wound healing, reduced wound vascularity, and significant impairment in the ischemic neovascular response. These findings provide new insight into the importance of cell-specific responses to hypoxia during cutaneous neovascularization.
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Helfinger V, Henke N, Harenkamp S, Walter M, Epah J, Penski C, Mittelbronn M, Schröder K. The NADPH Oxidase Nox4 mediates tumour angiogenesis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:435-46. [PMID: 26513738 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work was to identify the role of the NADPH oxidase Nox4 for tumour angiogenesis in a slow-growing tumour model in mice. METHODS Tumour angiogenesis was studied in tumours induced by the carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) in wild-type and Nox knockout mice. Mice were killed when the tumour reached a diameter of 1.5 cm and tumour tissue was used for histological and molecular analysis. RESULTS 3-methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma in wild-type, Nox1y/-, Nox2y/- and Nox4-/- mice. Histological analysis of vessel density using anti-CD31 staining showed a significant 38% reduction in tumour vascularization in fibrosarcomas of Nox4-/- mice. In contrast, tumour angiogenesis was doubled in Nox1 knockout mice, whereas knockout of Nox2 had no effect on tumour-vessel density. As underlying mechanisms, we identified a defect in hypoxia signalling in Nox4-/- mice. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif-1α) accumulation in the tumours was attenuated as was the expression of the Hif-1α-dependent pro-angiogenic genes vascular endothelial growth factor-A, glucose transporter 1 and adrenomedullin. CONCLUSION By regulating the tumour-vessel density through stabilization of Hif-1α and induction of VEGF expression, Nox4 promotes tumour angiogenesis and may represent a novel target for anti-angiogenic tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Helfinger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - N. Henke
- Institute for Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - S. Harenkamp
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - M. Walter
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - J. Epah
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - C. Penski
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - M. Mittelbronn
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - K. Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
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The tumor microenvironment in esophageal cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:5337-5349. [PMID: 26923327 PMCID: PMC5003768 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a deadly disease, ranking sixth among all cancers in mortality. Despite incremental advances in diagnostics and therapeutics, esophageal cancer still carries a poor prognosis, and thus there remains a need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease. There is accumulating evidence that a comprehensive understanding of the molecular composition of esophageal cancer requires attention to not only tumor cells but also the tumor microenvironment, which contains diverse cell populations, signaling factors, and structural molecules that interact with tumor cells and support all stages of tumorigenesis. In esophageal cancer, environmental exposures can trigger chronic inflammation, which leads to constitutive activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways that promote survival and proliferation. Anti-tumor immunity is attenuated by cell populations such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), as well as immune checkpoints like programmed death-1 (PD-1). Other immune cells such as tumor-associated macrophages can have other pro-tumorigenic functions, including the induction of angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion. Cancer-associated fibroblasts secrete growth factors and alter the extracellular matrix (ECM) to create a tumor niche and enhance tumor cell migration and metastasis. Further study of how these TME components relate to the different stages of tumor progression in each esophageal cancer subtype will lead to development of novel and specific TME-targeting therapeutic strategies, which offer considerable potential especially in the setting of combination therapy.
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Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells for Solid Tumors: Challenges and Prospects. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:3850839. [PMID: 26998495 PMCID: PMC4779545 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3850839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the successes of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T- (CART-) cell-based therapy for B-cell malignancies, and early phase clinical trials have been launched in recent years. The few published clinical studies of CART cells in solid tumors have addressed safety and feasibility, but the clinical outcome data are limited. Although antitumor effects were confirmed in vitro and in animal models, CART-cell-based therapy still faces several challenges when directed towards solid tumors, and it has been difficult to achieve the desired outcomes in clinical practice. Many studies have struggled to improve the clinical responses to and benefits of CART-cell treatment of solid tumors. In this review, the status quo of CART cells and their clinical applications for solid tumors will be summarized first. Importantly, we will suggest improvements that could increase the therapeutic effectiveness of CART cells for solid tumors and their future clinical applications. These interventions will make treatment with CART cells an effective and routine therapy for solid tumors.
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