1
|
Nicolussi P, Pilo G, Cancedda MG, Peng G, Chau NDQ, De la Cadena A, Vanna R, Samad YA, Ahmed T, Marcellino J, Tedde G, Giro L, Ylmazer A, Loi F, Carta G, Secchi L, Dei Giudici S, Macciocu S, Polli D, Nishina Y, Ligios C, Cerullo G, Ferrari A, Bianco A, Fadeel B, Franzoni G, Delogu LG. Biocompatibility of Water-Dispersible Pristine Graphene and Graphene Oxide Using a Close-to-Human Animal Model: A Pilot Study on Swine. Adv Healthc Mater 2025; 14:e2401783. [PMID: 39385652 PMCID: PMC12004448 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials (GBMs) are of considerable interest for biomedical applications, and the pilot study on the toxicological and immunological impact of pristine graphene (GR) and graphene oxide (GO) using swine as a close-to-human provides valuable insights. First, ex vivo experiments are conducted on swine blood cells, then GBMs are injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into swine. Hematological and biochemical analyses at various intervals indicate that neither GO nor GR cause systemic inflammation, pro-coagulant responses, or renal or hepatic dysfunction. Importantly, no systemic toxicity is observed. Analysis of a panel of 84 immune-related genes shows minimal impact of GO and GR. The animals are sacrificed 21 days post-injection, and transient absorption imaging and Raman mapping show the presence of GO and GR in the mesentery only. Histological evaluation reveals no signs of alterations in other organs. Thus, clusters of both materials are detected in the mesentery, and GO aggregates are surrounded only by macrophages with the formation of granulomas. In contrast, modest local reactions are observed around the GR clusters. Overall, these results reveal that i.p. injection of GBMs resulted in a modest local tissue reaction without systemic toxicity. This study, performed in swine, provides essential guidance for future biomedical applications of graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nicolussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della SardegnaSassari07100Italy
| | | | | | - Guotao Peng
- Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholm17177Sweden
| | - Ngoc Do Quyen Chau
- CNRSImmunologyImmunopathology and Therapeutic ChemistryUPR 3572University of Strasbourg ISISStrasbourg67000France
| | | | - Renzo Vanna
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie – CNRMilan20133Italy
| | - Yarjan Abdul Samad
- Cambridge Graphene CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FAUK
- Department of Aerospace EngineeringKhalifa University of Science & TechnologyAbu Dhabi127788UAE
| | - Tanweer Ahmed
- Cambridge Graphene CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FAUK
| | | | - Giuseppe Tedde
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della SardegnaSassari07100Italy
| | - Linda Giro
- ImmuneNano LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPadua35131Italy
| | - Acelya Ylmazer
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityAnkara06830Turkey
| | - Federica Loi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della SardegnaSassari07100Italy
| | - Gavina Carta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della SardegnaSassari07100Italy
| | - Loredana Secchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della SardegnaSassari07100Italy
| | | | - Simona Macciocu
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della SardegnaSassari07100Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Dipartimento di FisicaPolitecnico di MilanoMilan20133Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie – CNRMilan20133Italy
| | - Yuta Nishina
- Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyOkayama UniversityTsushimanaka, Kita‐kuOkayama700–8530Japan
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary SciencesOkayama UniversityTsushimanaka, Kita‐kuOkayama700–8530Japan
| | - Ciriaco Ligios
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della SardegnaSassari07100Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di FisicaPolitecnico di MilanoMilan20133Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie – CNRMilan20133Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FAUK
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRSImmunologyImmunopathology and Therapeutic ChemistryUPR 3572University of Strasbourg ISISStrasbourg67000France
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholm17177Sweden
| | - Giulia Franzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della SardegnaSassari07100Italy
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- ImmuneNano LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPadua35131Italy
- Department of Biological SciencesKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi127788UAE
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghorbani M, Soleymani H, Hashemzadeh H, Mortezazadeh S, Sedghi M, Shojaeilangari S, Allahverdi A, Naderi-Manesh H. Microfluidic investigation of the effect of graphene oxide on mechanical properties of cell and actin cytoskeleton networks: experimental and theoretical approaches. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16216. [PMID: 34376720 PMCID: PMC8355332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical and morphological analysis of the cells is a novel approach for monitoring the environmental features, drugs, and toxic compounds’ effects on cells. Graphene oxide (GO) has a broad range of medical applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery. However, the effects of GO nanosheets on biological systems have not been completely understood. In this study, we focused on the biophysical characteristics of cells and their changes resulting from the effect of GO nanosheets. The biophysical properties of the cell population were characterized as follows: cell stiffness was calculated by atomic force microscopy, cell motility and invasive properties were characterized in the microfluidic chip in which the cells are able to visualize cell migration at a single-cell level. Intracellular actin was stained to establish a quantitative picture of the intracellular cytoskeleton. In addition, to understand the molecular interaction of GO nanosheets and actin filaments, coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out. Our results showed that GO nanosheets can reduce cell stiffness in MCF7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cell lines and highly inhibited cell migration (39.2%) in MCF-7 and (38.6%) in MDA-MB-231 cell lines through the GO nanosheets-mediated disruption of the intracellular cytoskeleton. In the presence of GO nanosheets, the cell migration of both cell lines, as well as the cell stiffness, significantly decreased. Moreover, after GO nanosheets treatment, the cell actin network dramatically changed. The experimental and theoretical approaches established a quantitative picture of changes in these networks. Our results showed the reduction of the order parameter in actin filaments was 23% in the MCF7 cell line and 20.4% in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. The theoretical studies also showed that the GO nanosheet–actin filaments have stable interaction during MD simulation. Moreover, the 2D free energy plot indicated the GO nanosheet can induce conformational changes in actin filaments. Our findings showed that the GO nanosheets can increase the distance of actin-actin subunits from 3.22 to 3.5 nm and in addition disrupt native contacts between two subunits which lead to separate actin subunits from each other in actin filaments. In this study, the biomechanical characteristics were used to explain the effect of GO nanosheets on cells which presents a novel view of how GO nanosheets can affect the biological properties of cells without cell death. These findings have the potential to be applied in different biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghorbani
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Soleymani
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Hashemzadeh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mortezazadeh
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mosslim Sedghi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedehsamaneh Shojaeilangari
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), P.O. Box 33535111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Allahverdi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Naderi-Manesh
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karki N, Tiwari H, Tewari C, Rana A, Pandey N, Basak S, Sahoo NG. Functionalized graphene oxide as a vehicle for targeted drug delivery and bioimaging applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:8116-8148. [PMID: 32966535 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01149e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted tremendous attention as a most promising nanomaterial among the carbon family since it emerged as a polynomial functional tool with rational applications in diverse fields such as biomedical engineering, electrocatalysis, biosensing, energy conversion, and storage devices. Despite having certain limitations due to its irreversible aggregation performance owing largely to the strong van der Waals interactions, efforts have been made to smartly engineer its surface chemistry for realistic multimodal applications. The use of such GO-based engineered devices has increased rapidly in the last few years, principally due to its excellent properties, such as huge surface area, honeycomb-like structure allowing vacant interstitial space to accommodate compounds, sp2 hybridized carbon, improved biocompatibility and cell surface penetration due to electronic interactions. Amongst multifaceted GO dynamics, in this review, attempts are made to discuss the advanced applications of GO or graphene-based materials (GBNs) in the biomedical field involving drug or therapeutic gene delivery, dual drug or drug-gene combination targeting, special delivery of drug cocktails to the brain, stimuli-responsive release of molecular payloads, and Janus-structured smart applications for polar-nonpolar combination drug loading followed by targeting together with smart bioimaging approaches. In addition, the advantages of duel-drug delivery systems are discussed in detail. We also discuss various electronic mechanisms, and detailed surface engineering to meet microcosmic criteria for its utilization, various novel implementations of engineered GO as mentioned above, together with discussions of its inevitable toxicity or disadvantages. We hope that the target audience, belonging to biomedical engineering, pharmaceutical or material science fields, may acquire relevant information from this review which may help them design future studies in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Karki
- Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital, 263002, India.
| | - Himani Tiwari
- Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital, 263002, India.
| | - Chetna Tewari
- Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital, 263002, India.
| | - Anita Rana
- Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital, 263002, India.
| | - Neema Pandey
- Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital, 263002, India.
| | - Souvik Basak
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal 713206, India
| | - Nanda Gopal Sahoo
- Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital, 263002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Blake MJ, Colon BA, Calhoun TR. Leaving the Limits of Linearity for Light Microscopy. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:24555-24565. [PMID: 34306294 PMCID: PMC8301257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c07501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear microscopy has enabled additional modalities for chemical contrast, deep penetration into biological tissues, and the ability to collect dynamics on ultrafast timescales across heterogenous samples. The additional light fields introduced to a sample offer seemingly endless possibilities for variation to optimize and customize experimentation and the extraction of physical insight. This perspective highlights three areas of growth in this diverse field: the collection of information across multiple timescales, the selective imaging of interfacial chemistry, and the exploitation of quantum behavior for future imaging directions. Future innovations will leverage the work of the studies reviewed here as well as address the current challenges presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marea J Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Brandon A Colon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Tessa R Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rashidian Vaziri MR. High-contrast optical microscopy of graphene sheets. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:1132-1140. [PMID: 32643230 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the way of making graphene an industry-friendly material, it must be mass-produced with high-quality and reduced cost over large areas. Assisted by machine-learning techniques, rapid, nondestructive and accurate determination of large graphene sheets on SiO2 /Si substrates has been made possible in recent years by the optical microscopy method. Optimization of the substrate to achieve the maximum contrast can further extend the application of the optical microscopy method for quality control of the mass-produced graphene. Graphene/n2 /n3 three-layer structures, where n2 and n3 are refractive indices, are routinely used for identifying the number of graphene layers by optical reflection microscopy. In this paper, two analytical equations are derived that can be easily used for high-contrast optical imaging of graphene sheets without any need to resort to the cumbersome numerical methods. One of the equations is derived for choosing the best material with refractive index n2 that when coated on a substrate with refractive index n3 , maximizes the optical contrast. The other equation is derived for finding the best thickness of the SiO2 layer in graphene/SiO2 /Si structures, which are in common use for fabrication of graphene-based devices. The results are implemented in a MATLAB GUI, see Supporting Information, to assist the users in using the equations.
Collapse
|
6
|
Colon BA, Hassan MR, Saleheen A, Baker CA, Calhoun TR. Total Internal Reflection Transient Absorption Microscopy: An Online Detection Method for Microfluidics. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4160-4170. [PMID: 32338897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microreactors have garnered widespread attention for their tunability and precise control of synthetic parameters to efficiently produce target species. Despite associated advances, a lack of online detection and optimization methods has stalled the progression of microfluidic reactors. Here we employ and characterize a total internal reflection transient absorption microscopy (TIRTAM) instrument to image excited state dynamics on a continuous flow device. The experiments presented demonstrate the capability to discriminate between different chromophores as well as in differentiating the effects of local chemical environments that a chromophore experiences. This work presents the first such online transient absorption measurements and provides a new direction for the advancement and optimization of chemical reactions in microfluidic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Colon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Muhammad Redwan Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Amirus Saleheen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Christopher A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tessa R Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu J, Lee HJ, You L, Luo X, Hasegawa T, Huang KC, Lin P, Ratliff T, Ashizawa M, Mei J, Cheng JX. Functionalized NIR-II Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for Single-cell to Whole-Organ Imaging of PSMA-Positive Prostate Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001215. [PMID: 32307923 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Development of molecular probes holds great promise for early diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer. Here, 2-[3-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl) ureido] pentanedioic acid (DUPA)-conjugated ligand and bis-isoindigo-based polymer (BTII) are synthesized to formulate semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (BTII-DUPA SPN) as a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted probe for prostate cancer imaging in the NIR-II window. Insights into the interaction of the imaging probes with the biological targets from single cell to whole organ are obtained by transient absorption (TA) microscopy and photoacoustic (PA) tomography. At single-cell level, TA microscopy reveals the targeting efficiency, kinetics, and specificity of BTII-DUPA SPN to PSMA-positive prostate cancer. At organ level, PA tomographic imaging of BTII-DUPA SPN in the NIR-II window demonstrates superior imaging depth and contrast. By intravenous administration, BTII-DUPA SPN demonstrates selective accumulation and retention in the PSMA-positive tumor, allowing noninvasive PA detection of PSMA overexpressing prostate tumors in vivo. The distribution of nanoparticles inside the tumor tissue is further analyzed through TA microscopy. These results collectively demonstrate BTII-DUPA SPN as a promising probe for prostate cancer diagnosis by PA tomography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayingzi Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hyeon Jeong Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Liyan You
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xuyi Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tsukasa Hasegawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kai-Chih Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Timothy Ratliff
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Minoru Ashizawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu Y, Cheng JX. Transient absorption microscopy: Technological innovations and applications in materials science and life science. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:020901. [PMID: 31941290 PMCID: PMC7195865 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy has been extensively used in the study of excited state dynamics of various materials and molecules. The transition from TA spectroscopy to TA microscopy, which enables the space-resolved measurement of TA, is opening new investigations toward a more complete picture of excited state dynamics in functional materials, as well as the mapping of crucial biopigments for precision diagnosis. Here, we review the recent instrumental advancement that is pushing the limit of spatial resolution, detection sensitivity, and imaging speed. We further highlight the emerging application in materials science and life science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zanini G, Korobchevskaya K, Deguchi T, Diaspro A, Bianchini P. Label-Free Optical Nanoscopy of Single-Layer Graphene. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9673-9681. [PMID: 31369704 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of ultrafast pulsed laser sources and spectroscopic techniques enables label-free, deep-tissue optical microscopy. However, circumvention of the diffraction limit in this field is still an open challenge. Among such approaches, pump-probe microscopy is of increasing interest thanks to its highly specific nonfluorescent-based contrast mechanisms for the imaging of material and life science samples. In this paper, a custom femtosecond-pulsed near-infrared pump-probe microscope, which exploits transient absorption and stimulated Raman scattering interactions, is presented. The conventional pump-probe configuration is combined with a spatially shaped saturation pump beam, which allows for the reduction of the effective focal volume exploiting transient absorption saturation. By optimizing the acquisition parameters, such as power and temporal overlap of the saturation beam, we can image single-layer graphene deposited on a glass surface at the nanoscale and with increased layer sensitivity. These results suggest that saturation pump-probe nanoscopy is a promising tool for label-free high-resolution imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Zanini
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genoa , Italy
- Department of Physics , University of Genoa , Via Dodecaneso 33 , 16146 Genoa , Italy
| | - Kseniya Korobchevskaya
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genoa , Italy
| | - Takahiro Deguchi
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genoa , Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genoa , Italy
- Department of Physics , University of Genoa , Via Dodecaneso 33 , 16146 Genoa , Italy
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genoa , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Valentini F, Mari E, Zicari A, Calcaterra A, Talamo M, Scioli MG, Orlandi A, Mardente S. Metal Free Graphene Oxide (GO) Nanosheets and Pristine-Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (p-SWCNTs) Biocompatibility Investigation: A Comparative Study in Different Human Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051316. [PMID: 29710799 PMCID: PMC5983736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro biocompatibility of Graphene Oxide (GO) nanosheets, which were obtained by the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite electrodes in an electrolytic bath containing salts, was compared with the pristine Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (p-SWCNTs) under the same experimental conditions in different human cell lines. The cells were treated with different concentrations of GO and SWCNTs for up to 48 h. GO did not induce any significant morphological or functional modifications (demonstrating a high biocompatibility), while SWNCTs were toxic at any concentration used after a few hours of treatment. The cell viability or cytotoxicity were detected by the trypan blue assay and the lactate dehydrogenase LDH quantitative enzymatic test. The Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrated the uptake and internalization of GO sheets into cells, which was localized mainly in the cytoplasm. Different results were observed in the same cell lines treated with p-SWCNTs. TEM and CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy) showed that the p-SWCNTs induced vacuolization in the cytoplasm, disruption of cellular architecture and damage to the nuclei. The most important result of this study is our finding of a higher GO biocompatibility compared to the p-SWCNTs in the same cell lines. This means that GO nanosheets, which are obtained by the electrochemical exfoliation of a graphite-based electrode (carried out in saline solutions or other physiological working media) could represent an eligible nanocarrier for drug delivery, gene transfection and molecular cell imaging tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Valentini
- Department of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
- INUIT Foundation, University of Roma Tor Vergata, via dell'Archigginasio, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Zicari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- INUIT Foundation, University of Roma Tor Vergata, via dell'Archigginasio, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Talamo
- INUIT Foundation, University of Roma Tor Vergata, via dell'Archigginasio, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Department of Medicine, Pathological Anatomy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Medicine, Pathological Anatomy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Mardente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Goodwin DG, Adeleye AS, Sung L, Ho KT, Burgess RM, Petersen EJ. Detection and Quantification of Graphene-Family Nanomaterials in the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:4491-4513. [PMID: 29505723 PMCID: PMC5940015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An increase in production of commercial products containing graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) has led to concern over their release into the environment. The fate and potential ecotoxicological effects of GFNs in the environment are currently unclear, partially due to the limited analytical methods for GFN measurements. In this review, the unique properties of GFNs that are useful for their detection and quantification are discussed. The capacity of several classes of techniques to identify and/or quantify GFNs in different environmental matrices (water, soil, sediment, and organisms), after environmental transformations, and after release from a polymer matrix of a product is evaluated. Extraction and strategies to combine methods for more accurate discrimination of GFNs from environmental interferences as well as from other carbonaceous nanomaterials are recommended. Overall, a comprehensive review of the techniques available to detect and quantify GFNs are systematically presented to inform the state of the science, guide researchers in their selection of the best technique for the system under investigation, and enable further development of GFN metrology in environmental matrices. Two case studies are described to provide practical examples of choosing which techniques to utilize for detection or quantification of GFNs in specific scenarios. Because the available quantitative techniques are somewhat limited, more research is required to distinguish GFNs from other carbonaceous materials and improve the accuracy and detection limits of GFNs at more environmentally relevant concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G. Goodwin
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Adeyemi S. Adeleye
- National Research Council Research Associate, US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Lipiin Sung
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Kay T. Ho
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Higgins K, Calhoun TR. Compressed supercontinuum probe for transient absorption microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1750-1753. [PMID: 29652356 PMCID: PMC6342203 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we combine three optical advancements to transient absorption microscopy in order to access the photodynamics in systems requiring stringent spatial and temporal resolution criteria. First, a broadband visible probe is generated by a commercial photonic crystal fiber. Second, a spatial light modulator-based pulse shaper is incorporated to reduce the pulse dispersion and improve temporal resolution. Third, 1.4 numerical aperture objectives for excitation and light collection provide optimal spatial resolution. The result of these improvements is a probe beam that spans 115 nm across the visible region yet maintains a ∼100 fs instrument response at the sample position. We demonstrate the capabilities of this microscope by imaging polystyrene beads in a solution of IR-144 dye, revealing aggregated species at the bead surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. 1420 Circle Dr., Knoxville TN 37996
| | - Tessa R. Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. 1420 Circle Dr., Knoxville TN 37996
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen AJ, Yuan X, Li J, Dong P, Hamza I, Cheng JX. Label-Free Imaging of Heme Dynamics in Living Organisms by Transient Absorption Microscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3395-3401. [PMID: 29401392 PMCID: PMC5972037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Heme, a hydrophobic and cytotoxic macrocycle, is an essential cofactor in a large number of proteins and is important for cell signaling. This must mean that heme is mobilized from its place of synthesis or entry into the cell to other parts of the cell where hemoproteins reside. However, the cellular dynamics of heme movement is not well understood, in large part due to the inability to image heme noninvasively in live biological systems. Here, using high-resolution transient absorption microscopy, we showed that heme storage and distribution is dynamic in Caenorhabditis elegans. Intracellular heme exists in concentrated granular puncta which localizes to lysosomal-related organelles. These granules are dynamic, and their breaking down into smaller granules provides a mechanism by which heme stores can be mobilized. Collectively, these direct and noninvasive dynamic imaging techniques provide new insights into heme storage and transport and open a new avenue for label-free investigation of heme function and regulation in living systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Jing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Puting Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang KC, McCall J, Wang P, Liao CS, Eakins G, Cheng JX, Yang C. High-Speed Spectroscopic Transient Absorption Imaging of Defects in Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1489-1497. [PMID: 29342361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene grain boundaries (GBs) and other nanodefects can deteriorate electronic properties. Here, using transient absorption (TA) microscopy we directly visualized GBs by TA intensity increase due to change in density of state. We also observed a faster decay due to defect-accelerated carrier relaxation in the GB area. By line-illumination and parallel detection, we increased the TA intensity imaging speed to 1000 frames per second, which is 6 orders of magnitude faster than Raman microscopy. Combined with a resonant optical delay tuner which scans a 5.3 ps temporal delay within 92 μs, our system enabled spectroscopic TA imaging, at a speed of 50 stacks per second, to probe and characterize graphene nanodefects based on the TA decay rate. Finally, we demonstrate real-time nondestructive characterization of graphene at a rolling speed of 0.3 m/min, which matches the fastest roll-to-roll manufacturing process reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chih Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jeremy McCall
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing 102402, China
| | - Chien-Sheng Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Gregory Eakins
- Jonathan Amy Facility for Chemical Instrumentation, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Miao X, Xuan N, Liu Q, Wu W, Liu H, Sun Z, Ji M. Optimizing Nonlinear Optical Visibility of Two-Dimensional Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34448-34455. [PMID: 28905621 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted broad research interests across various nonlinear optical (NLO) studies, including nonlinear photoluminescence (NPL), second harmonic generation (SHG), transient absorption (TA), and so forth. These studies have unveiled important features and information of 2D materials, such as in grain boundaries, defects, and crystal orientations. However, as most research studies focused on the intrinsic NLO processes, little attention has been paid to the substrates underneath. Here, we discovered that the NLO signal depends significantly on the thickness of SiO2 in SiO2/Si substrates. A 40-fold enhancement of the NPL signal of graphene was observed when the SiO2 thickness was varied from 270 to 125 nm under 800 nm excitation. We systematically studied the NPL intensity of graphene on three different SiO2 thicknesses within a pump wavelength range of 800-1100 nm. The results agreed with a numerical model based on back reflection and interference. Furthermore, we have extended our measurements to include TA and SHG of graphene and MoS2, confirming that SiO2 thickness has similar effects on all of the three major types of NLO signals. Our results will serve as an important guidance for choosing the optimum substrates to conduct NLO research studies on 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianchong Miao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure , Nanjing 210093, China
| | | | - Qi Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weishu Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure , Nanjing 210093, China
| | | | | | - Minbiao Ji
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure , Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lim YB, Nai MH, Cao J, Loh KP, Lim CT. Graphene oxide inhibits malaria parasite invasion and delays parasitic growth in vitro. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14065-14073. [PMID: 28901366 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06007f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between graphene oxide (GO) and various biological entities have been actively investigated in recent years, resulting in numerous potential bioapplications of these nanomaterials. Despite this, the biological interactions between GO and disease-causing protozoan parasites have not been well elucidated and remain relatively unexplored. Here, we investigate the in vitro interactions between GO nanosheets and a particular species of malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). We hypothesize that GO nanosheets may exhibit antimalarial characteristic via action mechanisms of physical obstruction of P. falciparum parasites as well as nutrient depletion. To ascertain this, we characterize the physical interactions between GO nanosheets, red blood cells (RBCs), and malarial parasites as well as the adsorption of several biomolecules necessary for parasitic survival and growth on GO nanosheets. Subsequent to establishing the origin of this antimalarial behavior of GO nanosheets, their efficiency in inhibiting parasite invasion is evaluated. We observe that GO nanosheets at various tested concentrations significantly inhibit the invasion of malaria parasites into RBCs. Furthermore, GO nanosheets delay parasite progression from the ring to the trophozoite stage. Overall, this study may further shed light on the graphene-parasite interactions and potentially facilitate the development of nanomaterial-based strategies for combating malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bena Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576. and Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Infectious Diseases IRG, Singapore 138602
| | - Mui Hoon Nai
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Jianshu Cao
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Infectious Diseases IRG, Singapore 138602 and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA 02139
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456 and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543 and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456 and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543 and Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576. and Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Infectious Diseases IRG, Singapore 138602 and Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Graphene-based nanomaterials for drug and/or gene delivery, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1302-1317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
19
|
Zhang L, Shen S, Liu Z, Ji M. Label-Free, Quantitative Imaging of MoS2
-Nanosheets in Live Cells with Simultaneous Stimulated Raman Scattering and Transient Absorption Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700013. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Sida Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Minbiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheng C, Li S, Thomas A, Kotov NA, Haag R. Functional Graphene Nanomaterials Based Architectures: Biointeractions, Fabrications, and Emerging Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1826-1914. [PMID: 28075573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional graphene nanomaterials (FGNs) are fast emerging materials with extremely unique physical and chemical properties and physiological ability to interfere and/or interact with bioorganisms; as a result, FGNs present manifold possibilities for diverse biological applications. Beyond their use in drug/gene delivery, phototherapy, and bioimaging, recent studies have revealed that FGNs can significantly promote interfacial biointeractions, in particular, with proteins, mammalian cells/stem cells, and microbials. FGNs can adsorb and concentrate nutrition factors including proteins from physiological media. This accelerates the formation of extracellular matrix, which eventually promotes cell colonization by providing a more beneficial microenvironment for cell adhesion and growth. Furthermore, FGNs can also interact with cocultured cells by physical or chemical stimulation, which significantly mediate their cellular signaling and biological performance. In this review, we elucidate FGNs-bioorganism interactions and summarize recent advancements on designing FGN-based two-dimensional and three-dimensional architectures as multifunctional biological platforms. We have also discussed the representative biological applications regarding these FGN-based bioactive architectures. Furthermore, the future perspectives and emerging challenges will also be highlighted. Due to the lack of comprehensive reviews in this emerging field, this review may catch great interest and inspire many new opportunities across a broad range of disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tian X, Yang Z, Duan G, Wu A, Gu Z, Zhang L, Chen C, Chai Z, Ge C, Zhou R. Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Retard Cellular Migration via Disruption of Actin Cytoskeleton. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1602133. [PMID: 27762498 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials are broadly used for various biomedical applications due to their unique physiochemical properties. However, how graphene-based nanomaterials interact with biological systems has not been thoroughly studied. This study shows that graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets retard A549 lung carcinoma cell migration through nanosheet-mediated disruption of intracellular actin filaments. After GO nanosheets treatment, A549 cells display slower migration and the structure of the intracellular actin filaments is dramatically changed. It is found that GO nanosheets are capable of absorbing large amount of actin and changing the secondary structures of actin monomers. Large-scale all-atom molecular dynamics simulations further reveal the interactions between GO nanosheets and actin filaments at molecular details. GO nanosheets can insert into the interstrand gap of actin tetramer (helical repeating unit of actin filament) and cause the separation of the tetramer which eventually leads to the disruption of actin filaments. These findings offer a novel mechanism of GO nanosheet induced biophysical responses and provide more insights into their potential for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangxin Duan
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Anqing Wu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zonglin Gu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Leili Zhang
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, NY, 10598, USA
| | - Chunying Chen
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Cuicui Ge
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, NY, 10598, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cui Y, Liu J, Irudayaraj J. Beyond quantification: in situ analysis of transcriptome and pre-mRNA alternative splicing at the nanoscale. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27813271 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In situ analysis offers a venue for dissecting the complex transcriptome in its natural context to tap into cellular processes that could explain the phenotypic physiology and pathology yet to be understood. Over the past decades, enormous progress has been made to improve the resolution, sensitivity, and specificity of single-cell technologies. The continued efforts in RNA research not only facilitates mechanistic studies of molecular biology but also provides state-of-the-art strategies for diagnostic purposes. The implementation of novel bio-imaging platforms has yielded valuable information for inspecting gene expression, mapping regulatory networks, and classifying cell types. In this article, we discuss the merits and technical challenges in single-molecule in situ RNA profiling. Advanced in situ hybridization methodologies developed for a variety of detection modalities are reviewed. Considering the fact that in mammalian cells the number of protein products immensely exceeds that of the actual coding genes due to pre-mRNA alternative splicing, tools capable of elucidating this process in intact cells are highlighted. To conclude, we point out future directions for in situ transcriptome analysis and expect a plethora of opportunities and discoveries in this field. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1443. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1443 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fischer MC, Wilson JW, Robles FE, Warren WS. Invited Review Article: Pump-probe microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:031101. [PMID: 27036751 PMCID: PMC4798998 DOI: 10.1063/1.4943211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has rapidly gained popularity in biomedical imaging and materials science because of its ability to provide three-dimensional images at high spatial and temporal resolution even in optically scattering environments. Currently the majority of commercial and home-built devices are based on two-photon fluorescence and harmonic generation contrast. These two contrast mechanisms are relatively easy to measure but can access only a limited range of endogenous targets. Recent developments in fast laser pulse generation, pulse shaping, and detection technology have made accessible a wide range of optical contrasts that utilize multiple pulses of different colors. Molecular excitation with multiple pulses offers a large number of adjustable parameters. For example, in two-pulse pump-probe microscopy, one can vary the wavelength of each excitation pulse, the detection wavelength, the timing between the excitation pulses, and the detection gating window after excitation. Such a large parameter space can provide much greater molecular specificity than existing single-color techniques and allow for structural and functional imaging without the need for exogenous dyes and labels, which might interfere with the system under study. In this review, we provide a tutorial overview, covering principles of pump-probe microscopy and experimental setup, challenges associated with signal detection and data processing, and an overview of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Jesse W Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Francisco E Robles
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|