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Itoh H, Aoyama T, Kohmura-Kobayashi Y, Tamura N, Nemoto T. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid as a beneficial modulator for developmentally programed chromatin structure around specific genes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1211657. [PMID: 39253587 PMCID: PMC11381268 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1211657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Aoyama
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kohmura-Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoaki Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nemoto
- Department of Bioregulatory Science (Physiology), Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Ishiyama S, Kimura M, Nakagawa T, Kishigami S, Mochizuki K. Induction of the Lipid Droplet Formation Genes in Steatohepatitis Mice by Embryo/Postnatal Nutrient Environment Is Associated with Histone Acetylation around the Genes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2024; 70:318-327. [PMID: 39218693 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.70.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Recently, we have demonstrated that mice, cultured embryos in α-minimum essential medium (αMEM) and subsequent fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet, developed steatohepatitis. In this study, we investigated using these samples whether the expression of lipid droplet formation genes in the liver is higher in MEM mice, whether these expressions are regulated by histone acetylation, writers/readers of histone acetylation, and the transcriptional factors of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mice were produced by two-cell embryos in αMEM or standard potassium simplex-optimized medium (control) in vitro for 48 h, and implanted into an oviduct for spontaneous delivery. MEM and control-mice were fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet for 18 wk, and then liver samples were collected and analyzed by histology, qRT-PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Gene expression of Cidea, Cidec, and Plin4 were higher in MEM mice and histone H3K9 acetylation, BRD4, and CBP were higher in MEM mice than in control mice around those genes. However, the binding of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related transcription factors (ATF4, CHOP and C/EBPα) around those genes in the liver, was not clearly differed between MEM mice and control mice. The increased expression of Cidea, Cidec and Plin4 in the liver, accompanied by the development of steatohepatitis in mice induced is positively associated with increased histone H3K9 acetylation and CBP and BRD4 binding around these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Ishiyama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi
| | - Mayu Kimura
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi
| | | | - Satoshi Kishigami
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi
- Center for Advanced Assisted Reproductive Technologies, University of Yamanashi
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi
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3
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Lee DS, An TH, Kim H, Jung E, Kim G, Oh SY, Kim JS, Chun HJ, Jung J, Lee EW, Han BS, Han DH, Lee YH, Han TS, Hur K, Lee CH, Kim DS, Kim WK, Park JW, Koo SH, Seong JK, Lee SC, Kim H, Bae KH, Oh KJ. Tcf7l2 in hepatocytes regulates de novo lipogenesis in diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Diabetologia 2023; 66:931-954. [PMID: 36759348 PMCID: PMC10036287 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with type 2 diabetes may more easily progress towards severe forms of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Although the Wnt effector transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) is closely associated with type 2 diabetes risk, the role of TCF7L2 in NAFLD development remains unclear. Here, we investigated how changes in TCF7L2 expression in the liver affects hepatic lipid metabolism based on the major risk factors of NAFLD development. METHODS Tcf7l2 was selectively ablated in the liver of C57BL/6N mice by inducing the albumin (Alb) promoter to recombine Tcf7l2 alleles floxed at exon 5 (liver-specific Tcf7l2-knockout [KO] mice: Alb-Cre;Tcf7l2f/f). Alb-Cre;Tcf7l2f/f and their wild-type (Tcf7l2f/f) littermates were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) for 22 weeks to reproduce NAFLD/NASH. Mice were refed a standard chow diet or an HCD to stimulate de novo lipogenesis (DNL) or fed an HFD to provide exogenous fatty acids. We analysed glucose and insulin sensitivity, metabolic respiration, mRNA expression profiles, hepatic triglyceride (TG), hepatic DNL, selected hepatic metabolites, selected plasma metabolites and liver histology. RESULTS Alb-Cre;Tcf7l2f/f essentially exhibited increased lipogenic genes, but there were no changes in hepatic lipid content in mice fed a normal chow diet. However, following 22 weeks of diet-induced NAFLD/NASH conditions, liver steatosis was exacerbated owing to preferential metabolism of carbohydrate over fat. Indeed, hepatic Tcf7l2 deficiency enhanced liver lipid content in a manner that was dependent on the duration and amount of exposure to carbohydrates, owing to cell-autonomous increases in hepatic DNL. Mechanistically, TCF7L2 regulated the transcriptional activity of Mlxipl (also known as ChREBP) by modulating O-GlcNAcylation and protein content of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), and targeted Srebf1 (also called SREBP1) via miRNA (miR)-33-5p in hepatocytes. Eventually, restoring TCF7L2 expression at the physiological level in the liver of Alb-Cre;Tcf7l2f/f mice alleviated liver steatosis without altering body composition under both acute and chronic HCD conditions. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In mice, loss of hepatic Tcf7l2 contributes to liver steatosis by inducing preferential metabolism of carbohydrates via DNL activation. Therefore, TCF7L2 could be a promising regulator of the NAFLD associated with high-carbohydrate diets and diabetes since TCF7L2 deficiency may lead to development of NAFLD by promoting utilisation of excess glucose pools through activating DNL. DATA AVAILABILITY RNA-sequencing data have been deposited into the NCBI GEO under the accession number GSE162449 ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE162449 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon An
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmi Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeonghun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Oh
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Chun
- Department of Systems Biology, Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeeun Jung
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Hoon Han
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Su Han
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hur
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Park
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, ChunCheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Stewart EJ, Dye JA, Schladweiler MC, Phillips PM, McDaniel KL, Richards JH, Grindstaff RD, Padgett WT, Moore ML, Hill D, Gordon CJ, Kodavanti UP, Miller CN. Prenatal ozone exposure programs a sexually dimorphic susceptibility to high-fat diet in adolescent Long Evans rats. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22664. [PMID: 36412511 PMCID: PMC10010258 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201514r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Altered fetal growth, which can occur due to environmental stressors during pregnancy, may program a susceptibility to metabolic disease. Gestational exposure to the air pollutant ozone is associated with fetal growth restriction in humans and rodents. However, the impact of this early life ozone exposure on offspring metabolic risk has not yet been investigated. In this study, fetal growth restriction was induced by maternal inhalation of 0.8 ppm ozone on gestation days 5 and 6 (4 hr/day) in Long Evans rats. To uncover any metabolic inflexibility, or an impaired ability to respond to a high-fat diet (HFD), a subset of peri-adolescent male and female offspring from filtered air or ozone exposed dams were fed HFD (45% kcal from fat) for 3 days. By 6 weeks of age, male and female offspring from ozone-exposed dams were heavier than offspring from air controls. Furthermore, offspring from ozone-exposed dams had greater daily caloric consumption and reduced metabolic rate when fed HFD. In addition to energy imbalance, HFD-fed male offspring from ozone-exposed dams had dyslipidemia and increased adiposity, which was not evident in females. HFD consumption in males resulted in the activation of the protective 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathways in the liver, regardless of maternal exposure. Unlike males, ozone-exposed female offspring failed to activate these pathways, retaining hepatic triglycerides following HFD consumption that resulted in increased inflammatory gene expression and reduced insulin signaling genes. Taken together, maternal ozone exposure in early pregnancy programs impaired metabolic flexibility in offspring, which may increase susceptibility to obesity in males and hepatic dysfunction in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J. Stewart
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Janice A. Dye
- Cardiopulmonary Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mette C. Schladweiler
- Cardiopulmonary Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Pamela M. Phillips
- Neuroendocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Katherine L. McDaniel
- Neuroendocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Judy H. Richards
- Cardiopulmonary Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rachel D. Grindstaff
- Neuroendocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - William T. Padgett
- Neuroendocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Makala L. Moore
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Donna Hill
- Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christopher J. Gordon
- Neuroendocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Cardiopulmonary Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Colette N. Miller
- Cardiopulmonary Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Suzuki M, Kohmura-Kobayashi Y, Ueda M, Furuta-Isomura N, Matsumoto M, Oda T, Kawai K, Itoh T, Matsuya M, Narumi M, Tamura N, Uchida T, Mochizuki K, Itoh H. Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Adult Mice With Rapid Infantile Growth After Undernourishment In Utero. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:818064. [PMID: 35295992 PMCID: PMC8920555 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.818064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid infantile growth (RG) markedly increases the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders in adulthood, particularly among neonates born small. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which RG following undernourishment in utero (UN) contributes to the deterioration of adult fat deposition, we developed a UN mouse model using maternal energy restriction, followed by RG achieved by adjustments to 4 pups per litter soon after birth. A high-fat diet (HFD) was fed to weaned pups treated or not (Veh) with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TU). UN-RG pups showed the deterioration of diet-induced obesity and fat deposition, which was ameliorated by TU. We performed a microarray analysis of epididymal adipose tissue and two gene enrichment analyses (NN-Veh vs UN-RD-Veh and UN-RG-Veh vs UN-RG-TU). The results obtained identified 4 common gene ontologies (GO) terms of inflammatory pathways. In addition to the inflammatory characteristics of 4 GO terms, the results of heatmap and principal component analyses of the representative genes from 4 GO terms, genes of interest (GOI; Saa3, Ubd, S100a8, Hpx, Casp1, Agt, Ptgs2) selected from the 4 GO terms, and immunohistochemistry of macrophages collectively suggested the critical involvement of inflammation in the regulation of fat deposition in the responses to UN and TU. Therefore, the present results support the 'Developmental Origins of Metaflammation', the last word of which was recently proposed by the concept of metabolic disorders induced by low-grade systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kohmura-Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yukiko Kohmura-Kobayashi,
| | - Megumi Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naomi Furuta-Isomura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masako Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenta Kawai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshiya Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Madoka Matsuya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Megumi Narumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoaki Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Uchida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Itoh H, Ueda M, Suzuki M, Kohmura-Kobayashi Y. Developmental Origins of Metaflammation; A Bridge to the Future Between the DOHaD Theory and Evolutionary Biology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:839436. [PMID: 35185805 PMCID: PMC8850935 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.839436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome refers to obesity-associated metabolic disorders that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary diseases, stroke, and other disabilities. Environmental imbalance during the early developmental period affects health and increases susceptibility to non-communicable diseases, including metabolic syndrome, in later life; therefore, the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory was established. According to the DOHaD theory, the hypothesis of the energy-saving 'Thrifty Phenotype' in undernourished fetuses is one of the well-accepted schemes as a risk of developing metabolic syndrome. This phenotype is evolutionarily advantageous for survival of the fittest in a hangry environment after birth, a strong selection pressure, but increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome under an obesogenic diet according to the 'Mismatch' hypothesis. Increasing evidences support that chronic inflammation pathophysiologically connects obesity to metabolic disorders in metabolic syndrome, leading to the concept of 'Metaflammation'. 'Metaflammation' in humans is proposed to originate from the evolutionary conservation of crosstalk between immune and metabolic pathways; however, few studies have investigated the contribution of evolutionary maladaptation to the pathophysiology of 'Metaflammation'. Therefore, it is promising to investigate 'Metaflammation' from the viewpoint of selective advantages and its 'Mismatch' to an unexpected environment in contemporary lifestyles, in consideration of the principal concept of evolutionarily conserved nutrient sensing and immune signaling systems.
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Abstract
Almost 2 billion adults in the world are overweight, and more than half of them are classified as obese, while nearly one-third of children globally experience poor growth and development. Given the vast amount of knowledge that has been gleaned from decades of research on growth and development, a number of questions remain as to why the world is now in the midst of a global epidemic of obesity accompanied by the "double burden of malnutrition," where overweight coexists with underweight and micronutrient deficiencies. This challenge to the human condition can be attributed to nutritional and environmental exposures during pregnancy that may program a fetus to have a higher risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. To explore this concept, frequently called the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), this review considers a host of factors and physiological mechanisms that drive a fetus or child toward a higher risk of obesity, fatty liver disease, hypertension, and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). To that end, this review explores the epidemiology of DOHaD with discussions focused on adaptations to human energetics, placental development, dysmetabolism, and key environmental exposures that act to promote chronic diseases in adulthood. These areas are complementary and additive in understanding how providing the best conditions for optimal growth can create the best possible conditions for lifelong health. Moreover, understanding both physiological as well as epigenetic and molecular mechanisms for DOHaD is vital to most fully address the global issues of obesity and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hoffman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Program in International Nutrition, and Center for Childhood Nutrition Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Consumption of barley ameliorates the diabetic steatohepatitis and reduces the high transforming growth factor β expression in mice grown in α-minimum essential medium in vitro as embryos. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101029. [PMID: 34136664 PMCID: PMC8181192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which includes the subtype non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a major complication of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM), even among non-obese patients. However, the exact cause of NAFLD/NASH in non-obese patients with T2DM is unclear. We studied a non-obese mouse model of T2DM created through the malnourishment of embryos by culture in vitro for 48 h in α-minimum essential medium (MEM) at the two-cell stage. We compared the development of steatohepatitis in these MEM mice with control mice that were similarly cultured in standard potassium simplex-optimized medium (KSOM). We also studied the effects of 10 weeks of consumption of barley, which contains large amounts of the soluble fiber β-glucan, on the steatohepatitis of the adult MEM mice. The size of lipid droplets, the area of fibrosis, and the mRNA expression of the transforming growth factor beta (Tgfb) gene in the liver were higher in adult MEM mice fed a rice-based diet than in KSOM mice fed the same diet. However, barley consumption reduced the area of fibrosis and TGFB expression in MEM mice. In conclusion, adult mice that are cultured in MEM at the two-cell embryo stage develop steatohepatitis and T2DM, accompanied by higher hepatic TGFB expression, than KSOM controls. Furthermore, the consumption of barley during adulthood ameliorates the steatohepatitis and reduces the TGFB expression. The mouse preimplantation embryos cultured in αMEM in vitro developed steatohepatitis. Dietary barley suppressed diabetic steatohepatitis with fibrosis. Barley intake also reduced gene and protein expression of TGFB in livers of MEM mice.
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9
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Kawamura T, Tanaka H, Tachibana R, Yoshikawa K, Maki S, Toriyabe K, Takeuchi H, Katsuragi S, Tanaka K, Ikeda T. Maternal tadalafil therapy for fetal growth restriction prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and adipocyte hypertrophy in the offspring. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1186. [PMID: 33441894 PMCID: PMC7806616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of maternal tadalafil therapy on fetal programming of metabolic function in a mouse model of fetal growth restriction (FGR). Pregnant C57BL6 mice were divided into the control, L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and tadalafil + L-NAME groups. Six weeks after birth, the male pups in each group were given a high-fat diet. A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed at 15 weeks and the pups were euthanized at 20 weeks. We then assessed the histological changes in the liver and adipose tissue, and the adipocytokine production. We found that the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score was higher in the L-NAME group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Although the M1 macrophage numbers were significantly higher in the L-NAME/high-fat diet group (p < 0.001), maternal tadalafil administration prevented this change. Moreover, the epididymal adipocyte size was significantly larger in the L-NAME group than in the control group. This was also improved by maternal tadalafil administration (p < 0.05). Further, we found that resistin levels were significantly lower in the L-NAME group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The combination of exposure to maternal L-NAME and a high-fat diet induced glucose impairment and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, maternal tadalafil administration prevented these complications. Thus, deleterious fetal programming caused by FGR might be modified by in utero intervention with tadalafil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kawamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ryota Tachibana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kento Yoshikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shintaro Maki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Toriyabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Katsuragi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kayo Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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10
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Zhang D, Liu K, Hu W, Lu X, Li L, Zhang Q, Huang H, Wang H. Prenatal dexamethasone exposure caused fetal rats liver dysplasia by inhibiting autophagy-mediated cell proliferation. Toxicology 2021; 449:152664. [PMID: 33359579 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone has been widely used in the clinical treatment of premature birth and related pregnant diseases, but its clinical use is still controversial due to developmental toxicity. This study aimed to confirm the proliferation inhibitory effect of pregnant dexamethasone exposure (PDE) on fetal liver development and elucidate its molecular mechanism. In vitro studies, we found that dexamethasone inhibited hepatocyte proliferation through autophagy activated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-forkhead protein O1 (FOXO1) pathway. Subsequently, in vivo, we confirmed in a PDE rat model that male fetal liver proliferation was inhibited, and the expression of the GR-FOXO1 pathway and autophagy were increased. Taken together, PDE induces autophagy by activating the GR-FOXO1 pathway, which leads to fetal liver proliferation inhibition and dysplasia in offspring rats. This study confirmed that dexamethasone activates cell autophagy in utero through the GR-FOXO1 pathway, thereby inhibiting hepatocyte proliferation and liver development, which provides theoretical basis for understanding the developmental toxicity of dexamethasone and guiding the rational clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hegui Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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11
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Weeks O, Bossé GD, Oderberg IM, Akle S, Houvras Y, Wrighton PJ, LaBella K, Iversen I, Tavakoli S, Adatto I, Schwartz A, Kloosterman D, Tsomides A, Charness ME, Peterson RT, Steinhauser ML, Fazeli PK, Goessling W. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder predisposes to metabolic abnormalities in adulthood. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2252-2269. [PMID: 32202514 PMCID: PMC7190939 DOI: 10.1172/jci132139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) affects at least 10% of newborns globally and leads to the development of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Despite its high incidence, there is no consensus on the implications of PAE on metabolic disease risk in adults. Here, we describe a cohort of adults with FASDs that had an increased incidence of metabolic abnormalities, including type 2 diabetes, low HDL, high triglycerides, and female-specific overweight and obesity. Using a zebrafish model for PAE, we performed population studies to elucidate the metabolic disease seen in the clinical cohort. Embryonic alcohol exposure (EAE) in male zebrafish increased the propensity for diet-induced obesity and fasting hyperglycemia in adulthood. We identified several consequences of EAE that may contribute to these phenotypes, including a reduction in adult locomotor activity, alterations in visceral adipose tissue and hepatic development, and persistent diet-responsive transcriptional changes. Taken together, our findings define metabolic vulnerabilities due to EAE and provide evidence that behavioral changes and primary organ dysfunction contribute to resultant metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Weeks
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriel D. Bossé
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Isaac M. Oderberg
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastian Akle
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yariv Houvras
- Department of Surgery and
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul J. Wrighton
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle LaBella
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabelle Iversen
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sahar Tavakoli
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isaac Adatto
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arkadi Schwartz
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daan Kloosterman
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison Tsomides
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael E. Charness
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA
- Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Matthew L. Steinhauser
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pouneh K. Fazeli
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Plasticity of histone modifications around Cidea and Cidec genes with secondary bile in the amelioration of developmentally-programmed hepatic steatosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17100. [PMID: 31745102 PMCID: PMC6863835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that a treatment with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a secondary bile acid, improved developmentally-deteriorated hepatic steatosis in an undernourishment (UN, 40% caloric restriction) in utero mouse model after a postnatal high-fat diet (HFD). We performed a microarray analysis and focused on two genes (Cidea and Cidec) because they are enhancers of lipid droplet (LD) sizes in hepatocytes and showed the greatest up-regulation in expression by UN that were completely recovered by TUDCA, concomitant with parallel changes in LD sizes. TUDCA remodeled developmentally-induced histone modifications (dimethylation of H3K4, H3K27, or H3K36), but not DNA methylation, around the Cidea and Cidec genes in UN pups only. Changes in these histone modifications may contribute to the markedly down-regulated expression of Cidea and Cidec genes in UN pups, which was observed in the alleviation of hepatic fat deposition, even under HFD. These results provide an insight into the future of precision medicine for developmentally-programmed hepatic steatosis by targeting histone modifications.
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13
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Spradley FT, Smith JA, Alexander BT, Anderson CD. Developmental origins of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for exaggerated metabolic and cardiovascular-renal disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E795-E814. [PMID: 29509436 PMCID: PMC6293166 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00394.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is linked to increased risk for chronic disease. Placental ischemia and insufficiency in the mother are implicated in predisposing IUGR offspring to metabolic dysfunction, including hypertension, insulin resistance, abnormalities in glucose homeostasis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is unclear whether these metabolic disturbances contribute to the developmental origins of exaggerated cardiovascular-renal disease (CVRD) risk accompanying IUGR. IUGR impacts the pancreas, adipose tissue, and liver, which are hypothesized to program for hepatic insulin resistance and subsequent NAFLD. NAFLD is projected to become the major cause of chronic liver disease and contributor to uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease. While NAFLD is increased in experimental models of IUGR, lacking is a full comprehension of the mechanisms responsible for programming of NAFLD and whether this potentiates susceptibility to liver injury. The use of well-established and clinically relevant rodent models, which mimic the clinical characteristics of IUGR, metabolic disturbances, and increased blood pressure in the offspring, will permit investigation into mechanisms linking adverse influences during early life and later chronic health. The purpose of this review is to propose mechanisms, including those proinflammatory in nature, whereby IUGR exacerbates the pathogenesis of NAFLD and how these adverse programmed outcomes contribute to exaggerated CVRD risk. Understanding the etiology of the developmental origins of chronic disease will allow investigators to uncover treatment strategies to intervene in the mother and her offspring to halt the increasing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction and CVRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Spradley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jillian A Smith
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
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14
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Itoh H, Kanayama N. Developmental Origins of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1012:29-39. [PMID: 29956192 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5526-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Its prevalence is currently increasing not only in developed obese countries but also in developing countries. Recent findings from human cohorts and animal studies suggest that a nutritional imbalance in the early critical period is causatively associated with the incidence of NAFLD in later life. Based on the current theory of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), undernourishment and overnourishment in utero are both hypothesized to prime the predisposition for hepatic fat storage. Current knowledge on the developmental origins of NAFLD is introduced in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Naohiro Kanayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
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15
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Itoh H, Muramatsu-Kato K, Ferdous UJ, Kohmura-Kobayashi Y, Kanayama N. Undernourishment in utero and hepatic steatosis in later life: A potential issue in Japanese people. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2017; 57:178-183. [PMID: 27859643 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD in Japan has nearly doubled in the last 10-15 years. Increasing evidence supports undernourishment in utero being causatively connected with the risk of NAFLD in later life. Low body mass index (BMI) has been common among Japanese women of childbearing age for several decades due to their strong desire to be thin. It is plausible that insufficient maternal energy intake by pregnant Japanese women may underlie the rapid increase in the prevalence of NAFLD in Japan. In order to clarify the mechanisms by which undernourishment in utero primes adult hepatic steatosis, we developed a mouse model of fetal undernourishment with a hepatic fat deposit-prone phenotype on an obesogenic high fat diet in later life. We found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response parameters were activated concomitantly with the deterioration of hepatic steatosis and also that the alleviation of ER stress with the chemical chaperone, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), significantly improved hepatic steatosis. Therefore, undernourishment in utero may program the future integration of ER stress in the liver on an obesogenic diet in later life and also induce the deterioration of hepatic steatosis. These results also provide an insight into interventions for the potential high-risk population of NAFLD, such as those born small or exposed to maternal undernourishment during the fetal period, with the alleviation of ER stress by dietary supplements and/or specific food including chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keiko Muramatsu-Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Urmi J Ferdous
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kohmura-Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kanayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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