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Báez AM, Nicoli L. Re-examination of the oldest known frog from South America: New data prompt new evolutionary interpretations. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2025. [PMID: 40091807 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2025] [Accepted: 02/23/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
Available paleontological evidence, although scarce, points to the early diversification of salientian lissamphibians in the Triassic and Early Jurassic. This study provides new key anatomical information on the earliest mostly articulated frog currently known, thereby improving our understanding of the early evolution of this lissamphibian lineage. Herein, available specimens of the Early Jurassic Vieraella herbstii from Patagonia, which consist of dorsal and ventral imprints of the incomplete, partially articulated skeleton of a single individual, are thoroughly redescribed. Although we comment on its known features, we focus on those that had been misinterpreted or overlooked previously. Among other features, we address the relative proportions of the skull regions and limbs, the morphology of the vomers, the peculiar articulation of the palatine flanges of premaxilla and maxilla that suggests the presence of well-developed cristae subnasales, and the presence of prepollex. The most surprising, significant findings are the presence of stapes, indicating the possibility of a complete tympanic middle ear, and of a short, tapering urostyle and postsacral vertebral elements. Based on available information, we present partial reconstructions of the pectoral girdle and the skeleton of Vieraella in the dorsal aspect. Discussion of the evolutionary significance of these features and perusal of the phylogenetic and functional analyses that included Vieraella in the taxon sampling highlight the necessity of thorough revision of the scorings and measurements, incorporating information presented herein. This reassessment will be relevant not only to clarify its relationships but also to provide sound insights into the early diversification of frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Báez
- CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Nicoli
- CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Zhao L, Zhang M, Qin Y, Wang T, Zhai X, Cui J, Wang J. Auditory sensitivity and tympanic middle ear in a vocal and a non-vocal frog. Hear Res 2024; 444:108970. [PMID: 38367458 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The tympanic middle ear is important for anuran hearing on land. However, many species have partly or entirely lost their tympanic apparatus. Previous studies have compared hearing sensitivities in species that possess and lack tympanic membranes capable of sound production and acoustic communication. However, little is known about how these hearing abilities are comparable to those of mutant species. Here, we compared the eardrum and middle ear anatomies of two sympatric sibling species from a noisy stream habitat, namely the "non-vocal" Hainan torrent frog (Amolops hainanensis) and the "vocal" little torrent frog (Amolops torrentis), the latter of which is capable of acoustic communication. Our results showed that the relative (to head size) eardrum diameter of A. hainanensis was smaller than that of A. torrentis, although the absolute size was not smaller. Unlike A. torrentis, the tympanic membrane area of A. hainanensis was not clearly differentiated from the surrounding skin. The middle ear, however, was well-developed in both species. We measured the auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) of A. hainanensis and compared the ABR thresholds and latencies to those previously obtained for A. torrentis. Our results suggested that these two species exhibited significant differences in hearing sensitivity. A. hainanensis (smaller relative eardrum, nonvocal) had higher ABR thresholds and longer initial response times than A. torrentis (larger relative eardrum, vocal) at lower frequencies. Neurophysiological responses from the brain were obtained for tone pips between 800 Hz and 7,000 Hz, with peak sensitivities found at 3,000 Hz (73 dB SPL) for A. hainanensis, and at 1,800 Hz (61 dB SPL) for A. torrentis. Our results suggest that the non-vocal A. hainanensis has lower hearing sensitivity than its vocal sister species (i.e., A. torrentis), which may be related to differences in tympanic or inner ear structure and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yuanyu Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Tongliang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Zhai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Jichao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China.
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Dos Santos Dias PH, Anganoy-Criollo M. Harlequin frog tadpoles-comparative buccopharyngeal morphology in the gastromyzophorous tadpoles of the genus Atelopus (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae), with discussion on the phylogenetic and evolutionary implication of characters. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2024; 111:3. [PMID: 38252296 PMCID: PMC10803719 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The Neotropical genus Atelopus is the most diverse genus of bufonids comprising 99 species. Tadpoles of these frogs are readily distinguished based on the presence of a belly sucker, used by them to stay attached to rocks in fast-flowing streams. Despite their intriguing biology, information about their anatomy is scarce and many morphological systems are unknown. We describe the buccopharyngeal cavity of five Atelopus species. The Atelopus buccopharyngeal cavity is characterized by (1) presence of a pendulum-like papillae in the prenarial arena, (2) presence of a glandular zone in the prenarial arena, (3) narial vacuities, (4) conical median ridge, (5) absence of buccal roof arena papillae, (6) absence of buccal roof pustulations, (7) single pair of infralabial papillae, (8) absence of lingual papillae, and (9) absence of pustulations in the buccal floor. We propose that characters 1, 2, and 3 are new synapomorphies for the genus. We also propose that the presence of a single pair of infralabial papillae is a synapomorphy for bufonid. Finally, we discuss the convergent evolution of gastromyzophorous and suctorial tadpoles withing anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Dos Santos Dias
- Leibniz Institut Zur Analyse Des Biodiversitätswandels, Zoologisches Museum Hamburg, Zentrum Für Taxonomie Und Morphologie, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão No. 101, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Marvin Anganoy-Criollo
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão No. 101, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
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4
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Womack MC, Hoke KL. Convergent Anuran Middle Ear Loss Lacks a Universal, Adaptive Explanation. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2023; 98:290-301. [PMID: 37913755 PMCID: PMC10885836 DOI: 10.1159/000534936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shared selection pressures often explain convergent trait loss, yet anurans (frogs and toads) have lost their middle ears at least 38 times with no obvious shared selection pressures unifying "earless" taxa. Anuran tympanic middle ear loss is especially perplexing because acoustic communication is dominant within Anura and tympanic middle ears enhance airborne hearing in most tetrapods. METHODS Here, we use phylogenetic comparative methods to examine whether particular geographic ranges, microhabitats, activity patterns, or aspects of acoustic communication are associated with anuran tympanic middle ear loss. RESULTS Although we find some differences between the geographic ranges of eared and earless species on average, there is plenty of overlap between the geographic distributions of eared and earless species. Additionally, we find a higher prevalence of diurnality in earless species, but not all earless species are diurnal. We find no universal adaptive explanation for the many instances of anuran tympanic middle ear loss. CONCLUSION The puzzling lack of universally shared selection pressures among earless species motivates discussion of alternative hypotheses, including genetic or developmental constraints, and the possibility that tympanic middle ear loss is maladaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim L. Hoke
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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5
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Capshaw G, Brown AD, Peña JL, Carr CE, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Tollin DJ, Womack MC, McCullagh EA. The continued importance of comparative auditory research to modern scientific discovery. Hear Res 2023; 433:108766. [PMID: 37084504 PMCID: PMC10321136 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
A rich history of comparative research in the auditory field has afforded a synthetic view of sound information processing by ears and brains. Some organisms have proven to be powerful models for human hearing due to fundamental similarities (e.g., well-matched hearing ranges), while others feature intriguing differences (e.g., atympanic ears) that invite further study. Work across diverse "non-traditional" organisms, from small mammals to avians to amphibians and beyond, continues to propel auditory science forward, netting a variety of biomedical and technological advances along the way. In this brief review, limited primarily to tetrapod vertebrates, we discuss the continued importance of comparative studies in hearing research from the periphery to central nervous system with a focus on outstanding questions such as mechanisms for sound capture, peripheral and central processing of directional/spatial information, and non-canonical auditory processing, including efferent and hormonal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Capshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Andrew D Brown
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - José L Peña
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Catherine E Carr
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Tollin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Molly C Womack
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A McCullagh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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6
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Adler KA, De Nault DL, Cardoza CM, Womack M. Evolutionary rates and shape variation along the anuran vertebral column with attention to phylogeny, body size, and ecology. Evolution 2022; 76:2724-2738. [PMID: 36117276 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The vertebral column is critical to a vertebrate species' flexibility and skeletal support, making vertebrae a clear target for selection. Anurans (frogs and toads) have a unique, truncated vertebral column that appears constrained to provide axial rigidity for efficient jumping. However, no study has examined how presacral vertebrae shape varies among anuran species at the macroevolutionary scale nor how intrinsic (developmental and phylogenetic) and extrinsic (ecological) factors may have influenced vertebrae shape evolution. We used microCT scans and phylogenetic comparative methods to examine the vertebrae of hundreds of anuran species that vary in body size as well as adult and larval ecology. We found variation in shape and evolutionary rates among anuran vertebrae, dispelling any notion that trunk vertebrae evolve uniformly. We discovered the highest evolutionary rates in the cervical vertebrae and in the more caudal trunk vertebrae. We found little evidence for selection pressures related to adult or larval ecology affecting vertebrae evolution, but we did find body size was highly associated with vertebrae shape and microhabitat (mainly burrowing) affected those allometric relationships. Our results provide an interesting comparison to vertebrae evolution in other clades and a jumping-off point for studies of anuran vertebrae evolution and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Adler
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | - Diego L De Nault
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | - Cassandra M Cardoza
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | - Molly Womack
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720.,Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322
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7
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Keller J, Delaux PM. Plant phylogenetics: The never-ending cycle of evolutionary gains and losses. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R1028-R1029. [PMID: 36283350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Zygnematophyceae is the sister clade to the land plants, but their biology remains mysterious. In a new study, a resolved phylogeny and a scenario for the evolution of multicellularity in that clade are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Keller
- LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- LRSV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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8
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Ortega JA, Brito J, Ron SR. Six new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from Llanganates National Park and Sangay National Park in Amazonian cloud forests of Ecuador. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13761. [PMID: 36275471 PMCID: PMC9583859 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe six new species of rainfrogs of the genus Pristimantis (Strabomantidae) from Amazonian cloud forests in Ecuador. We also present a phylogeny showing the relationships of the new species. The phylogeny is based on mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA (16S), 12 rRNA (12S), NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 (ND1) and the nuclear gene recombination-activating 1 (RAG1). We also describe the osteology of two of the new species using high-resolution x-ray computed tomography. The new species belong to two clades. The first clade is sister to the subgenus Huicundomantis and includes P. tamia sp. nov., P. miktos, and P. mallii. Pristimantis tamia sp. nov. is morphologically similar to P. miktos, P. mallii, P. martiae, and P. incomptus, but differs from them by lacking vocal slits and tympanic membrane and by having light greenish blue iris. Based in our results we expand the subgenus Huicundomantis to include the P. miktos species group. The second clade is remarkable by being highly divergent and consisting exclusively of new species: P. anaiae sp. nov., P. glendae sp. nov., P. kunam sp. nov., P. resistencia sp. nov., and P. venegasi sp. nov. The new species resemble P. roni, P. yanezi, P. llanganati, P. katoptroides, P. verecundus, and P. mutabilis but can be distinguished from them by lacking vocal slits and tympanic membrane and by having large dark round areas with thin clear borders in the sacral region. All six new species occur in the eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes and are known from a single locality in Llanganates or Sangay National Park. We recommend assigning all of them to the Data Deficient (DD) Red List category. Based in our high-resolution x-ray tomographies, we report the presence of structures that appear to be intercalary elements. This would be the first report of such structures in Terrarana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhael A. Ortega
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Brito
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Santiago R. Ron
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
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9
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Fouquet A, Peloso P, Jairam R, Lima AP, Mônico AT, Ernst R, Kok PJR. Back from the deaf: integrative taxonomy revalidates an earless and mute species, Hylodes grandoculis van Lidth de Jeude, 1904, and confirms a new species of Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1870 (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Eastern Guiana Shield. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-022-00564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Abstract
The ability to sense and localize sound is so advantageous for survival that it is difficult to understand the almost 100 million year gap separating the appearance of early tetrapods and the emergence of an impedance-matching tympanic middle ear - which we normally regard as a prerequisite for sensitive hearing on land - in their descendants. Recent studies of hearing in extant atympanate vertebrates have provided significant insights into the ancestral state(s) and the early evolution of the terrestrial tetrapod auditory system. These reveal a mechanism for sound pressure detection and directional hearing in 'earless' atympanate vertebrates that may be generalizable to all tetrapods, including the earliest terrestrial species. Here, we review the structure and function of vertebrate tympanic middle ears and highlight the multiple acquisition and loss events that characterize the complex evolutionary history of this important sensory structure. We describe extratympanic pathways for sound transmission to the inner ear and synthesize findings from recent studies to propose a general mechanism for hearing in 'earless' atympanate vertebrates. Finally, we integrate these studies with research on tympanate species that may also rely on extratympanic mechanisms for acoustic reception of infrasound (<20 Hz) and with studies on human bone conduction mechanisms of hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Capshaw
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Catherine E. Carr
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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11
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OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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12
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Sadier A, Sears KE, Womack M. Unraveling the heritage of lost traits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2022; 338:107-118. [PMID: 33528870 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We synthesize ontogenetic work spanning the past century that show evolutionarily lost structures are rarely entirely absent from earlier developmental stages. We discuss morphological and genetic insights from developmental studies reveal about the evolution of trait loss and regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Sadier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karen E Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Molly Womack
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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13
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Blotto BL, Biju SD, Pereyra MO, Araujo-Vieira K, Faivovich J, Grant T. Hand and foot musculature of Sooglossoidea: synapomorphies, convergences and hind limb digging behaviour in anurans. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We describe the hand and foot musculature of the fossorial Indian purple frog, Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis, and compare it to other members of Sooglossoidea: the Seychellean sooglossid genera Sechellophryne and Sooglossus. Due to the key phylogenetic position of Sooglossoidea, we compare its members with the diversity of Anura and define 52 characters from the hand and foot musculature, among which 26 are novel hypotheses of homology. We found several synapomorphies for Sooglossus, Sooglossidae, Nasikabatrachidae and Sooglossoidea. Additionally, we (1) propose synapomorphies for diverse anuran clades at different taxonomic levels, (2) re-evaluate the identity of some conflicting plantar and palmar muscles in the context of Batrachia and (3) discuss putative adaptations to hind limb digging behaviour resulting from morphological convergences. The lack of a clear pattern of convergences among hind limb digging species suggests the occurrence of a phenomenon of many-to-one mapping from form to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris L Blotto
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’–CONICET, Av. Angel Gallardo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S D Biju
- Systematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Martín O Pereyra
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva ‘Claudio J. Bidau’, Instituto de Biología Subtropical–CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, N3300LQF Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Katyuscia Araujo-Vieira
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’–CONICET, Av. Angel Gallardo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidade and Centro de Aquicultura, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julián Faivovich
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’–CONICET, Av. Angel Gallardo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Taran Grant
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Coleção de Anfíbios, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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15
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Deforel F, Duport-Bru AS, Rosset SD, Baldo D, Candioti FV. Osteological Atlas of Melanophryniscus (Anura, Bufonidae): A Synthesis after 150 Years of Skeletal Studies in the Genus. HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS 2021. [DOI: 10.1655/herpmonographs-d-20-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Deforel
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET - FML), 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Sergio Daniel Rosset
- Sección Herpetología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego Baldo
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva “Claudio Juan Bidau,” Instituto de Biología Subtropical (CONICET - UNaM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, 3300 Posadas, Argentina
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16
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Paluh DJ, Riddell K, Early CM, Hantak MM, Jongsma GFM, Keeffe RM, Magalhães Silva F, Nielsen SV, Vallejo-Pareja MC, Stanley EL, Blackburn DC. Rampant tooth loss across 200 million years of frog evolution. eLife 2021; 10:e66926. [PMID: 34060471 PMCID: PMC8169120 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Teeth are present in most clades of vertebrates but have been lost completely several times in actinopterygian fishes and amniotes. Using phenotypic data collected from over 500 genera via micro-computed tomography, we provide the first rigorous assessment of the evolutionary history of dentition across all major lineages of amphibians. We demonstrate that dentition is invariably present in caecilians and salamanders, but teeth have been lost completely more than 20 times in frogs, a much higher occurrence of edentulism than in any other vertebrate group. The repeated loss of teeth in anurans is associated with a specialized diet of small invertebrate prey as well as shortening of the lower jaw, but it is not correlated with a reduction in body size. Frogs provide an unparalleled opportunity for investigating the molecular and developmental mechanisms of convergent tooth loss on a large phylogenetic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Paluh
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Karina Riddell
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Catherine M Early
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- Biology Department, Science Museum of MinnesotaSaint PaulUnited States
| | - Maggie M Hantak
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Gregory FM Jongsma
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Rachel M Keeffe
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Fernanda Magalhães Silva
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldiBelémBrazil
| | - Stuart V Nielsen
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - María Camila Vallejo-Pareja
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Edward L Stanley
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - David C Blackburn
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
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17
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Bardua C, Fabre AC, Clavel J, Bon M, Das K, Stanley EL, Blackburn DC, Goswami A. Size, microhabitat, and loss of larval feeding drive cranial diversification in frogs. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2503. [PMID: 33947859 PMCID: PMC8096824 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat is one of the most important factors shaping organismal morphology, but it may vary across life history stages. Ontogenetic shifts in ecology may introduce antagonistic selection that constrains adult phenotype, particularly with ecologically distinct developmental phases such as the free-living, feeding larval stage of many frogs (Lissamphibia: Anura). We test the relative influences of developmental and ecological factors on the diversification of adult skull morphology with a detailed analysis of 15 individual cranial regions across 173 anuran species, representing every extant family. Skull size, adult microhabitat, larval feeding, and ossification timing are all significant factors shaping aspects of cranial evolution in frogs, with late-ossifying elements showing the greatest disparity and fastest evolutionary rates. Size and microhabitat show the strongest effects on cranial shape, and we identify a "large size-wide skull" pattern of anuran, and possibly amphibian, evolutionary allometry. Fossorial and aquatic microhabitats occupy distinct regions of morphospace and display fast evolution and high disparity. Taxa with and without feeding larvae do not notably differ in cranial morphology. However, loss of an actively feeding larval stage is associated with higher evolutionary rates and disparity, suggesting that functional pressures experienced earlier in ontogeny significantly impact adult morphological evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bardua
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anne-Claire Fabre
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Clavel
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Margot Bon
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Kalpana Das
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institut für Evolutions und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edward L Stanley
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David C Blackburn
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anjali Goswami
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
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18
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Liedtke HC, Soler-Navarro DJ, Gomez-Mestre I, Loader SP, Rödel MO. Parallel diversification of the African tree toad genus Nectophryne (Bufonidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 162:107184. [PMID: 33932615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
African amphibian diversity remains underestimated with many cryptic lineages awaiting formal description. An important hotspot of amphibian diversification is the Guineo-Congolian rainforest in Central Africa, its richness attributable to present day and ancestral range fragmentation through geological barriers, habitat expansion and contraction, and the presence of steep ecological gradients. The charismatic Nectophryne tree toads present an interesting case study for diversification in this region. The two formally described species comprising this genus show nearly identical geographic distributions extending across most of the Guineo-Congolian rainforest, but show little morphological disparity. Both species harbour extensive genetic diversity warranting taxonomic revisions, and interestingly, when comparing the subclades within each, the two species show remarkably parallel diversification histories, both in terms of timing of phylogenetic splits and their geographic distributions. This indicates that common processes may have shaped the evolutionary history of these lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Christoph Liedtke
- Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Diego J Soler-Navarro
- Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ivan Gomez-Mestre
- Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Simon P Loader
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Biodiversity Dynamics, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin 10115, Germany
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19
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Santos MTT, Barata IM, Ferreira RB, Haddad CFB, Gridi-Papp M, de Carvalho TR. Complex acoustic signals in Crossodactylodes (Leptodactylidae, Paratelmatobiinae): a frog genus historically regarded as voiceless. BIOACOUSTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2021.1904443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Thadeu T. Santos
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Célio F. B. Haddad
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Gridi-Papp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Thiago R. de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
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20
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Pereyra MO, Blotto BL, Baldo D, Chaparro JC, Ron SR, Elias-Costa AJ, Iglesias PP, Venegas PJ, C. Thomé MT, Ospina-Sarria JJ, Maciel NM, Rada M, Kolenc F, Borteiro C, Rivera-Correa M, Rojas-Runjaic FJ, Moravec J, De La Riva I, Wheeler WC, Castroviejo-Fisher S, Grant T, Haddad CF, Faivovich J. Evolution in the Genus Rhinella: A Total Evidence Phylogenetic Analysis of Neotropical True Toads (Anura: Bufonidae). BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2021. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.447.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martín O. Pereyra
- Martín O. Pereyra: División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires; and Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva “Claudio J. Bidau,” Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS, CONICET), Universidad Naci
| | - Boris L. Blotto
- Boris L. Blotto: División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUN
| | - Diego Baldo
- Diego Baldo: Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva “Claudio J. Bidau,” Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS, CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Juan C. Chaparro
- Juan C. Chaparro: Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú, Cusco, Perú; and Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Paraninfo Universitario, Cusco
| | - Santiago R. Ron
- Santiago R. Ron: Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito
| | - Agustín J. Elias-Costa
- Agustín J. Elias-Costa: División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires
| | - Patricia P. Iglesias
- Patricia P. Iglesias: Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva “Claudio J. Bidau”, Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS, CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pablo J. Venegas
- Pablo J. Venegas: División de Herpetología-Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Surco, Lima
| | - Maria Tereza C. Thomé
- Maria Tereza C. Thomé: Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo
| | - Jhon Jairo Ospina-Sarria
- Jhon Jairo Ospina-Sarria: Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Calima, Fundación para la Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Conservación en el Trópico, Cali
| | - Natan M. Maciel
- Natan M. Maciel: Laboratório de Herpetologia e Comportamento Animal, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Marco Rada
- Marco Rada: Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - Francisco Kolenc
- Francisco Kolenc: Sección Herpetología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo
| | - Claudio Borteiro
- Claudio Borteiro: Sección Herpetología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo
| | - Mauricio Rivera-Correa
- Mauricio Rivera-Correa: Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín
| | - Fernando J.M. Rojas-Runjaic
- Fernando J.M. Rojas-Runjaic: Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle (MHNLS), Venezuela; and Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jiří Moravec
- Jiří Moravec: Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ignacio De La Riva
- Ignacio de la Riva: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid
| | - Ward C. Wheeler
- Ward C. Wheeler: Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York
| | - Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher
- Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; and Research Associate, Herpetology, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York
| | - Taran Grant
- Taran Grant: Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo; and Research Associate, Herpetology, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York
| | - Célio F.B. Haddad
- Célio F.B. Haddad: Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo
| | - Julián Faivovich
- Julián Faivovich: División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires,
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21
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Blotto BL, Pereyra MO, Grant T, Faivovich J. Hand and Foot Musculature of Anura: Structure, Homology, Terminology, and Synapomorphies for Major Clades. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2020. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.443.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris L. Blotto
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín O. Pereyra
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva “Claudio J. Bidau,” Instituto de Biología Subtropical–CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químic
| | - Taran Grant
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Coleção de Anfíbios, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Associate, Herpetology, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, A
| | - Julián Faivovich
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos
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22
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Stynoski JL, Womack MC, Trama FA, Coloma LA, Hoke KL. Whispers from vestigial nubbins: Arrested development provokes trait loss in toads. Evol Dev 2020; 23:5-18. [PMID: 33107688 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the use of acoustic communication, many species of toads (family Bufonidae) have lost parts of the tympanic middle ear, representing at least 12 independent evolutionary occurrences of trait loss. The comparative development of the tympanic middle ear in toads is poorly understood. Here, we compared middle ear development among two pairs of closely related toad species in the genera Atelopus and Rhinella that have (eared) or lack (earless) middle ear structures. We bred toads in Peru and Ecuador, preserved developmental series from tadpoles to juveniles, and examined ontogenetic timing and volume of the otic capsule, oval window, operculum, opercularis muscle, columella (stapes), and extracolumella in three-dimensional histological reconstructions. All species had similar ontogenesis of the otic capsule, oval window, operculum, and opercularis muscle. Moreover, cell clusters of primordial columella in the oval window appeared just before metamorphosis in both eared and earless lineages. However, in earless lineages, the cell clusters either remained as small nubbins or cell buds in the location of the columella footplate within the oval window or disappeared by juvenile and adult stages. Thus, columella growth began around metamorphosis in all species but was truncated and/or degenerated after metamorphosis in earless species, leaving earless adults with morphology typical of metamorphic anurans. Shifts in the timing or expression of biochemical pathways that regulate the extension or differentiation of the columella after metamorphosis may be the developmental mechanism underlying convergent trait loss among toad lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Stynoski
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, Coronado, Costa Rica
| | - Molly C Womack
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Florencia A Trama
- Grupo de Investigación en Entomología y Medio Ambiente, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.,Centro de Capacitación en Conservación y Desarrollo Sostenible (CDS/CNEH-Perú), Oxapampa, Peru
| | - Luis A Coloma
- Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Jambatu, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kim L Hoke
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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23
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Bardua C, Fabre A, Bon M, Das K, Stanley EL, Blackburn DC, Goswami A. Evolutionary integration of the frog cranium. Evolution 2020; 74:1200-1215. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bardua
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, and EnvironmentUniversity College London London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History Museum London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
| | - Anne‐Claire Fabre
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History Museum London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
| | - Margot Bon
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History Museum London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
| | - Kalpana Das
- Museum für NaturkundeLeibniz‐Institut für Evolutions‐ und Biodiversitätsforschung Berlin 10115 Germany
| | - Edward L. Stanley
- Department of HerpetologyFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32610
| | - David C. Blackburn
- Department of Natural HistoryFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Anjali Goswami
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History Museum London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
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24
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Santos MTT, Magalhães RF, Ferreira RB, Vittorazzi SE, Dias IR, Leite FSF, Lourenço LB, Santos FR, Haddad CFB, Garcia PCA. Systematic Revision of the Rare Bromeligenous Genus Crossodactylodes Cochran 1938 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Paratelmatobiinae). HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS 2020. [DOI: 10.1655/herpmonographs-d-19-00008.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Thadeu T. Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael F. Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B. Ferreira
- Projeto Bromeligenous, Instituto Marcos Daniel, 29090-160, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Stenio E. Vittorazzi
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, 78300-000, Tangará da Serra, MT, Brazil
| | - Iuri R. Dias
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Felipe S. F. Leite
- Sagarana Lab, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Florestal, 35690-000, Florestal, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana B. Lourenço
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-863, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabrício R. Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Célio F. B. Haddad
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. A. Garcia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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25
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Stynoski JL, Trama FA, Rizo Patrón FL, Tapia E, Hoke KL. Reproductive Ecology of the Peruvian Earless Toad Rhinella yunga (Amphibia, Bufonidae) with Descriptions of Calls, Tadpole, and Female Competition. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-18-00030.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florencia A. Trama
- Centro de Capacitación en Conservación y Desarrollo Sostenible, Oxapampa, Peru
| | | | - Elicio Tapia
- Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Otonga, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kim L. Hoke
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
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26
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Bell RC, McLaughlin PJ, Jongsma GFM, Blackburn DC, Stuart BL. Morphological and genetic variation of Leptopelis brevirostris encompasses the little-known treefrogs Leptopelis crystallinoron from Gabon and Leptopelis brevipes from Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. AFR J HERPETOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2019.1681523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rayna C Bell
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Gregory FM Jongsma
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - David C Blackburn
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA
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27
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Womack MC, Metz MJ, Hoke KL. Larger Genomes Linked to Slower Development and Loss of Late-Developing Traits. Am Nat 2019; 194:854-864. [PMID: 31738099 DOI: 10.1086/705897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Genome size varies widely among organisms and is known to affect vertebrate development, morphology, and physiology. In amphibians, genome size is hypothesized to contribute to loss of late-forming structures, although this hypothesis has mainly been discussed in salamanders. Here we estimated genome size for 22 anuran species and combined this novel data set with existing genome size data for an additional 234 anuran species to determine whether larger genome size is associated with loss of a late-forming anuran sensory structure, the tympanic middle ear. We established that genome size is negatively correlated with development rate across 90 anuran species and found that genome size evolution is correlated with evolutionary loss of the middle ear bone (columella) among 241 species (224 eared and 17 earless). We further tested whether the development of the tympanic middle ear could be constrained by large cell sizes and small body sizes during key stages of tympanic middle ear development (metamorphosis). Together, our evidence suggests that larger genomes, slower development rate, and smaller body sizes at metamorphosis may contribute to the loss of the anuran tympanic middle ear. We conclude that increases in anuran genome size, although less drastic than those in salamanders, may affect development of late-forming traits.
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28
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Atkins JB, Reisz RR, Maddin HC. Braincase simplification and the origin of lissamphibians. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213694. [PMID: 30901341 PMCID: PMC6430379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissorophoidea, a group of temnospondyl tetrapods that first appear in the Late Carboniferous, is made up of two clades ⎼ Olsoniformes and Amphibamiformes (Branchiosauridae and Amphibamidae) ⎼ the latter of which is widely thought to have given rise to living amphibians (i.e., Lissamphibia). The lissamphibian braincase has a highly derived morphology with several secondarily lost elements; however, these losses have never been incorporated into phylogenetic analyses and thus the timing and nature of these evolutionary events remain unknown. Hindering research into this problem has been the lack of phylogenetic analyses of Dissorophoidea that includes both taxonomically dense sampling and specific characters to document changes in the braincase in the lineage leading to Lissamphibia. Here we build on a recent, broadly sampled dissorophoid phylogenetic analysis to visualize key events in the evolution of the lissamphibian braincase. Our ancestral character state reconstructions show a clear, step-wise trend towards reduction of braincase ossification leading to lissamphibians, including reduction of the sphenethmoid, loss of the basioccipital at the Amphibamiformes node, and further loss of both the basisphenoid and the hypoglossal nerve foramina at the Lissamphibia node. Our analysis confirms that the highly derived condition of the lissamphibian braincase is characterized by overall simplification in terms of the number and extent of chondrocranial ossifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade B. Atkins
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert R. Reisz
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- International Center of Future Science, Dinosaur Evolution Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hillary C. Maddin
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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29
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Womack MC, Stynoski JL, Voyles MK, Coloma LA, Hoke KL. Prolonged middle ear development in Rhinella horribilis. J Morphol 2018; 279:1518-1523. [PMID: 30152036 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite the benefit of the tympanic middle ear to airborne hearing sensitivity, anurans range in how soon they develop functional middle ears after transitioning to life on land. Previous evidence suggested that bufonids had particularly slow middle ear developmental rates, but precise timelines have not yet been published for this family. Here, we provide the first age-verified middle ear development timeline for a true toad species (family Bufonidae). We find that although middle ear development begins during metamorphosis in Rhinella horribilis, the middle ear remains incomplete 15 weeks after the transition from aquatic tadpole to land-dwelling toadlet. Using this new middle ear timeline, we discuss commonalities and differences in middle ear development among bufonids, as well as among Anura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C Womack
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jennifer L Stynoski
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Meredith K Voyles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Luis A Coloma
- Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Otonga, San Rafael, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kim L Hoke
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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30
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Ceríaco LMP, Marques MP, Bandeira S, Agarwal I, Stanley EL, Bauer AM, Heinicke MP, Blackburn DC. A new earless species of Poyntonophrynus (Anura, Bufonidae) from the Serra da Neve Inselberg, Namibe Province, Angola. Zookeys 2018:109-136. [PMID: 30127660 PMCID: PMC6093966 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.780.25859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African pygmy toads of the genus Poyntonophrynus are some of the least known species of African toads. The genus comprises ten recognized species endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, five of which are restricted to southwestern Africa. Recent field research in Angola provided new material for three species of Poyntonophrynus, including a morphologically distinctive population from the Serra da Neve Inselberg. Based on a combination of external morphology, high-resolution computed tomography scanning, and molecular phylogenetic analysis, the Serra da Neve population is described as new species that is nested within the genus. The most striking character that differentiates the newly described species from its congeners is the lack of a tympanic middle ear, a condition common in the family Bufonidae, but so far not known for Poyntonophrynus. The description of this new species from southwestern Angola reinforces the biogeographic importance of the region and further suggests that southwestern Africa is the cradle of diversity for this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M P Ceríaco
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA University of Michigan-Dearborn Dearborn United States of America.,Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085-1699, USA Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal.,Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica, 58, 1269-102 Lisboa, Portugal Villanova University Villanova United States of America
| | - Mariana P Marques
- Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica, 58, 1269-102 Lisboa, Portugal Villanova University Villanova United States of America.,Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO), InBIO, University of Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, Vairão, 4485-661 Porto, Portugal University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Suzana Bandeira
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085-1699, USA Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal.,Instituto Nacional da Biodiversidade e Áreas de Conservação (INBAC), Ministério do Ambiente de Angola, Centralidade do Kilamba, Rua 26 de Fevereiro, Quarteirão Nimi Ya Lukemi, edifício Q11, 3° andar, Angola Ministério do Ambiente de Angola Luanda Angola
| | - Ishan Agarwal
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085-1699, USA Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Edward L Stanley
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA University of Florida Gainsville United States of America
| | - Aaron M Bauer
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085-1699, USA Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Matthew P Heinicke
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA University of Michigan-Dearborn Dearborn United States of America
| | - David C Blackburn
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA University of Florida Gainsville United States of America
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Womack MC, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Coloma LA, Hoke KL. Sensitive high-frequency hearing in earless and partially eared harlequin frogs ( Atelopus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.169664. [PMID: 29674377 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.169664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Harlequin frogs, genus Atelopus, communicate at high frequencies despite most species lacking a complete tympanic middle ear that facilitates high-frequency hearing in most anurans and other tetrapods. Here, we tested whether Atelopus are better at sensing high-frequency acoustic sound compared with other eared and earless species in the Bufonidae family, determined whether middle ear variation within Atelopus affects hearing sensitivity and tested potential hearing mechanisms in Atelopus We determined that at high frequencies (2000-4000 Hz), Atelopus are 10-34 dB more sensitive than other earless bufonids but are relatively insensitive to mid-range frequencies (900-1500 Hz) compared with eared bufonids. Hearing among Atelopus species is fairly consistent, evidence that the partial middle ears present in a subset of Atelopus species do not convey a substantial hearing advantage. We further demonstrate that Atelopus hearing is probably not facilitated by vibration of the skin overlying the normal tympanic membrane region or the body lung wall, leaving the extratympanic hearing pathways in Atelopus enigmatic. Together, these results show Atelopus have sensitive high-frequency hearing without the aid of a tympanic middle ear and prompt further study of extratympanic hearing mechanisms in anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C Womack
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Luis A Coloma
- Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Otonga, Giovanni Farina 566 y Baltra, San Rafael, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kim L Hoke
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Womack MC, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Coloma LA, Chaparro JC, Hoke KL. Earless toads sense low frequencies but miss the high notes. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.1670. [PMID: 28978737 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory losses or reductions are frequently attributed to relaxed selection. However, anuran species have lost tympanic middle ears many times, despite anurans' use of acoustic communication and the benefit of middle ears for hearing airborne sound. Here we determine whether pre-existing alternative sensory pathways enable anurans lacking tympanic middle ears (termed earless anurans) to hear airborne sound as well as eared species or to better sense vibrations in the environment. We used auditory brainstem recordings to compare hearing and vibrational sensitivity among 10 species (six eared, four earless) within the Neotropical true toad family (Bufonidae). We found that species lacking middle ears are less sensitive to high-frequency sounds, however, low-frequency hearing and vibrational sensitivity are equivalent between eared and earless species. Furthermore, extratympanic hearing sensitivity varies among earless species, highlighting potential species differences in extratympanic hearing mechanisms. We argue that ancestral bufonids may have sufficient extratympanic hearing and vibrational sensitivity such that earless lineages tolerated the loss of high frequency hearing sensitivity by adopting species-specific behavioural strategies to detect conspecifics, predators and prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C Womack
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Luis A Coloma
- Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Otonga, Giovanni Farina 566 y Baltra, San Rafael, Quito, Ecuador.,Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Muyuna, Tena, Ecuador
| | - Juan C Chaparro
- Museo de Biodiversidad del Peru, Cusco, Peru.,Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - Kim L Hoke
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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von May R, Lehr E, Rabosky DL. Evolutionary radiation of earless frogs in the Andes: molecular phylogenetics and habitat shifts in high-elevation terrestrial breeding frogs. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4313. [PMID: 29492332 PMCID: PMC5825883 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of hearing structures and loss of advertisement calls in many terrestrial breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) living at high elevations in South America are common and intriguing phenomena. The Andean frog genus Phrynopus Peters, 1873 has undergone an evolutionary radiation in which most species lack the tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus, yet the phylogenetic relationships among species in this group remain largely unknown. Here, we present an expanded molecular phylogeny of Phrynopus that includes 24 nominal species. Our phylogeny includes Phrynopus peruanus, the type species of the genus, and 10 other species for which genetic data were previously unavailable. We found strong support for monophyly of Phrynopus, and that two nominal species-Phrynopus curator and Phrynopus nicoleae-are junior synonyms of Phrynopus tribulosus. Using X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, we demonstrate that the absence of external hearing structures is associated with complete loss of the auditory skeletal elements (columella) in at least one member of the genus. We mapped the tympanum condition on to a species tree to infer whether the loss of hearing structures took place once or multiple times. We also assessed whether tympanum condition, body size, and body shape are associated with the elevational distribution and habitat use. We identified a single evolutionary transition that involved the loss of both the tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus, which in turn is correlated with the absence of advertisement calls. We also identified several species pairs where one species inhabits the Andean grassland and the other montane forest. When accounting for phylogenetic relatedness among species, we detected a significant pattern of increasing body size with increasing elevation. Additionally, species at higher elevations tend to develop shorter limbs, shorter head, and shorter snout than species living at lower elevations. Our findings strongly suggest a link between ecological divergence and morphological diversity of terrestrial breeding frogs living in montane gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf von May
- Museum of Zoology & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.,Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Edgar Lehr
- Department of Biology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL, United States of America
| | - Daniel L Rabosky
- Museum of Zoology & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Womack MC, Fiero TS, Hoke KL. Trait independence primes convergent trait loss. Evolution 2018; 72:679-687. [PMID: 29383712 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The repeated, independent evolution of traits (convergent evolution) is often attributed to shared environmental selection pressures. However, developmental dependencies among traits can limit the phenotypic variation available to selection and bias evolutionary outcomes. Here, we determine how changes in developmentally correlated traits may impact convergent loss of the tympanic middle ear, a highly labile trait within toads that currently lack adaptive explanation. The middle ear's lability could reflect evolutionary trade-offs with other skull features under selection, or the middle ear may evolve independently of the rest of the skull, allowing it to be modified by active or passive processes without pleiotropic trade-offs with other skull features. We compare the skulls of 55 species (39 eared, 16 earless) within the family Bufonidae, spanning six hypothesized independent middle ear transitions. We test whether shared or lineage-specific changes in skull shape distinguish earless species from eared species and whether earless skulls lack other late-forming skull bones. We find no evidence for pleiotropic trade-offs between the middle ear and other skull structures. Instead, middle ear loss in anurans may provide a rare example of developmental independence contributing to evolutionary lability of a sensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C Womack
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523.,Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia 20560
| | - Tyler S Fiero
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Kim L Hoke
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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35
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Zeyl JN, Johnston CE. Do Body Wall Vibrations Over the Lungs Aid Aerial Hearing in Salamanders? An Investigation into Extratympanic Hearing Mechanisms. HERPETOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-16-00076.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N. Zeyl
- Fish Biodiversity Lab, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Carol E. Johnston
- Fish Biodiversity Lab, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Walton PL, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Carr C. Evolution of Sound Source Localization Circuits in the Nonmammalian Vertebrate Brainstem. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2017; 90:131-153. [PMID: 28988244 PMCID: PMC5691234 DOI: 10.1159/000476028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The earliest vertebrate ears likely subserved a gravistatic function for orientation in the aquatic environment. However, in addition to detecting acceleration created by the animal's own movements, the otolithic end organs that detect linear acceleration would have responded to particle movement created by external sources. The potential to identify and localize these external sources may have been a major selection force in the evolution of the early vertebrate ear and in the processing of sound in the central nervous system. The intrinsic physiological polarization of sensory hair cells on the otolith organs confers sensitivity to the direction of stimulation, including the direction of particle motion at auditory frequencies. In extant fishes, afferents from otolithic end organs encode the axis of particle motion, which is conveyed to the dorsal regions of first-order octaval nuclei. This directional information is further enhanced by bilateral computations in the medulla and the auditory midbrain. We propose that similar direction-sensitive neurons were present in the early aquatic tetrapods and that selection for sound localization in air acted upon preexisting brain stem circuits like those in fishes. With movement onto land, the early tetrapods may have retained some sensitivity to particle motion, transduced by bone conduction, and later acquired new auditory papillae and tympanic hearing. Tympanic hearing arose in parallel within each of the major tetrapod lineages and would have led to increased sensitivity to a broader frequency range and to modification of the preexisting circuitry for sound source localization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine Carr
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park MD, 20742-4415, USA
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37
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Goutte S, Mason MJ, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Montealegre-Z F, Chivers BD, Sarria-S FA, Antoniazzi MM, Jared C, Almeida Sato L, Felipe Toledo L. Evidence of auditory insensitivity to vocalization frequencies in two frogs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12121. [PMID: 28935936 PMCID: PMC5608807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and maintenance of animal communication systems requires the co-evolution of signal and receiver. Frogs and toads rely heavily on acoustic communication for coordinating reproduction and typically have ears tuned to the dominant frequency of their vocalizations, allowing discrimination from background noise and heterospecific calls. However, we present here evidence that two anurans, Brachycephalus ephippium and B. pitanga, are insensitive to the sound of their own calls. Both species produce advertisement calls outside their hearing sensitivity range and their inner ears are partly undeveloped, which accounts for their lack of high-frequency sensitivity. If unheard by the intended receivers, calls are not beneficial to the emitter and should be selected against because of the costs associated with signal production. We suggest that protection against predators conferred by their high toxicity might help to explain why calling has not yet disappeared, and that visual communication may have replaced auditory in these colourful, diurnal frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Goutte
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - Matthew J Mason
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fernando Montealegre-Z
- Bioacoustics and Sensory Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
| | - Benedict D Chivers
- Bioacoustics and Sensory Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio A Sarria-S
- Bioacoustics and Sensory Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
| | - Marta M Antoniazzi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Jared
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Felipe Toledo
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
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38
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Grant T, Rada M, Anganoy-Criollo M, Batista A, Dias PH, Jeckel AM, Machado DJ, Rueda-Almonacid JV. Phylogenetic Systematics of Dart-Poison Frogs and Their Relatives Revisited (Anura: Dendrobatoidea). SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-17-00017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taran Grant
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Amphibian Collection, Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo, 04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Rada
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marvin Anganoy-Criollo
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Abel Batista
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David, Republic of Panama
- Los Naturalistas, David 0426-01459, Chiriquí, Panama
| | - Pedro Henrique Dias
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Moriguchi Jeckel
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denis Jacob Machado
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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