1
|
Vidal-Quist JC, Ortego F, Lambrecht BN, Rombauts S, Hernández-Crespo P. Stage-specific transcriptomic analysis reveals insights into the development, reproduction and biological function of allergens in the European house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. BMC Genomics 2025; 26:527. [PMID: 40419976 PMCID: PMC12105342 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-025-11703-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2025] [Accepted: 05/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/28/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND House dust mites (HDMs) such as Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus are major allergy elicitors worldwide, yet their gene expression across developmental stages remains underexplored. Herein, we report a comprehensive RNAseq analysis of larvae, nymphs, and adult males and females, mapped to a recently published high-quality genome with extended functional annotations. RESULTS Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEG) revealed that female-biased expression was the most prevalent profile (16% of genes), while males exhibited the highest fold-change differences. DEG data, combined with network clustering and functional enrichment analysis, highlighted distinct genes and biological processes for each stage and sex: females showed upregulation of genes related to cell division and oogenesis, with vitellogenins among the most abundant transcripts; males exhibited increased expression of genes encoding putative seminal fluid proteins (e.g. endopeptidases, serpins, antimicrobial peptides), and those involved in reproductive regulation (e.g. testis-specific serine kinases); while juveniles displayed enhanced expression of genes related to energy metabolism and growth. Further analysis of endocrine pathways revealed non-canonic mechanisms compared to insect models, particularly in ecdysteroid and sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis and regulation. Expression patterns in genes involved in cuticle formation were also identified, reflecting their role in developmental transitions and sexual differentiation. Allergen and allergen-related gene expression showed an overall increase in feeding juveniles, as well as sex-biased expression, with Der p 27 upregulated in females. These findings provide insight into the physiological roles of allergens in digestion, immunity, and muscle formation, among other functions. Additionally, seven new horizontally transferred genes, including a DNA-repair photolyase linked to females, and novel multigene families (e.g. 119 male-specific beta-propeller proteins, 70 hypothetical cuticular proteins, 23 tetraspanin-like proteins, 5 female-associated putative odorant-binding proteins) were identified. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of a HDM across life stages and sexes, expanding our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying mite development, sexual reproduction, and allergen expression. The generated data, fully available via supplementary spreadsheet and the ORCAE online platform, provide a valuable foundation for future allergy research and the development of new mite control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Cristian Vidal-Quist
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Entomología Aplicada a la Agricultura y la Salud, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Félix Ortego
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Entomología Aplicada a la Agricultura y la Salud, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephane Rombauts
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pedro Hernández-Crespo
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Entomología Aplicada a la Agricultura y la Salud, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang T, Yu Y, Li J, Zheng L, Chen S, Mao J. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Effects of a Non-Insect Artificial Diet on the Nutritional Development of Harmonia axyridis. INSECTS 2025; 16:380. [PMID: 40332848 PMCID: PMC12028305 DOI: 10.3390/insects16040380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
Artificial diets applied in the mass-rearing propagation of H. axyridis can improve reproductive ability by optimizing the feeding formula. This study used transcriptome data to investigate the effects of various artificial diets on the growth and development of H. axyridis. Results indicate that spawning increased with the low-fat and JH III-supplemented artificial diet (Diet 3). Furthermore, the highest glycogen content found in Diet 3 was significantly different from the other two groups. Triglyceride content decreased as adult feeding time increased in the three artificial diet groups, with the fastest decrease observed in the low-fat diet (Diet 2). Protein content increased gradually in the high-fat diet (Diet 1) group compared to the other treatment groups. The adults reared on low-fat artificial diets, when compared to those on artificial diets supplemented with juvenile hormones at the transcriptome level, were found to have upregulated genes enriched in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, ribosome biogenesis, and the hedgehog signaling pathway. In contrast, the genes upregulated in the latter group were enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid biosynthesis, and the metabolism of other amino acids. The results suggest that nutritional status significantly affects the growth and development of H. axyridis and has practical implications for the artificial feeding of natural pest enemies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang 362251, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.C.)
- Jinjiang City Fuzhou University Science and Education Park Development Center, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang 362251, China
| | - Yinchen Yu
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang 362251, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.C.)
| | - Jianyu Li
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China;
| | - Shiwei Chen
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang 362251, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.C.)
| | - Jianjun Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu X, Gao Y, Li Y, Zhang J. Targeting Syntaxin 1A via RNA interference inhibits feeding and midgut development in Locusta migratoria. INSECT SCIENCE 2025; 32:385-397. [PMID: 39075757 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Syntaxin 1A (Syx1A) has diverse and indispensable functions in animals. Previous studies have mainly focused on the roles of Syx1A in Drosophila, and so how Syx1A operates during the development of other insects remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether disrupting LmSyx1A using RNA interference (RNAi) affects the growth and development of Locusta migratoria. LmSyx1A was expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest expression observed in the fat body. After 5th-instar nymphs were injected with double-stranded LmSyx1A (dsLmSyx1A), none of the nymphs were able to molt normally and all eventually died. The silencing of LmSyx1A resulted in the cessation of feeding, body weight loss, and atrophy of the midgut and gastric cecum in locusts. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that the columnar cells in the midgut were severely damaged, with microvilli defects visible in dsLmSyx1A-injected nymphs. Secretory vesicles were observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) further indicates that silencing LmSyx1A repressed the expression of genes involved in the insulin/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-associated nutritional pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that LmSyx1A significantly affects the midgut cell layer of locust nymphs, which was partially associated with the downregulation of the insulin/mTOR-associated nutritional pathway. Thus, we argue that LmSyx1A is a suitable target for developing dsRNA-based biological pesticides for managing L. migratoria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu X, Liang X, Shi X, Zhang J. Vacuolar (H +)-ATPase Genes Are Essential for Cuticle and Wing Development in Locusta migratoria. Genes (Basel) 2025; 16:145. [PMID: 40004474 PMCID: PMC11854941 DOI: 10.3390/genes16020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Revised: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Vacuolar (H+)-ATPases (V-ATPases) are crucial in several significant biological processes, including intracellular transport, endocytosis, autophagy and protein degradation. However, their role in the growth and development of insects remains largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the molecular and functional properties of V-ATPases in Locusta migratoria. METHODS LmV-ATPase genes were identified based on the locust transcriptome database and bioinformatics analysis. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the relative expression of LmV-ATPases in different tissues and developmental stages. RNA interference combined with hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy was used to explore the functions of LmV-ATPases. RESULTS Ten V-ATPase genes were identified in L. migratoria and were named LmV-ATPase A, B, C, D, E, F, G, c″, d and e, respectively. These genes were highly expressed in the head, integument, gastric caecum, midgut, hindgut, fat body, trachea and ovary. The transcripts of LmV-ATPases were expressed in the developmental stages examined (from the 3rd to 5th instar nymphs). The injection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) against each LmV-ATPase induced high silencing efficiency in the 3rd instar nymphs. Knockdown of LmV-ATPases resulted in lethal phenotypes, with visible defects of the wing and cuticle. We further demonstrated that the deformation was caused by the defects of epidermal cells and fewer new cuticles. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that LmV-ATPases are required for the wing and cuticle development of L. migratoria, which could be potential targets for the control of locusts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xuekai Shi
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo M, Qu X, Cheng S, Wang H, Xue Y, Shen J, Wang D. The endocuticle structural glycoprotein AgSgAbd-2-like is required for cuticle formation and survival in the melon aphid Aphis gossypii. INSECT SCIENCE 2025. [PMID: 39822144 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025]
Abstract
Cuticular proteins are essential for cuticle formation, molting, and survival in insects. However, functional analysis of cuticular proteins in the melon aphid has been limited. In this study, we identified an endocuticle structural glycoprotein (ESG) AgSgAbd-2-like in the melon aphid Aphis gossypii, which is a member of the RR-1 subfamily of the CPR (cuticular protein containing the conserved Rebers-Riddiford motif) chitin-binding proteins. When double-stranded RNA is delivered epidermally, AgSgAbd-2-like is knocked down, resulting in molting defects and mortality. The expression of AgSgAbd-2-like is comparatively low prior to molting and increases following molting. Ecdysone signaling consistently suppresses AgSgAbd-2-like. Histologically, the endocuticle and whole cuticle are thinner in AgSgAbd-2-like RNA interference (RNAi) aphids, which is a leading cause of molting defects and mortality. Furthermore, knockdown of any other homolog of ESGs, including AgSgAbd-4, AgSgAbd-4-like, AgSgAbd-8-like, and AgSgAbd-9-like, results in molting defects and death, like that by AgSgAbd-2-like RNAi. These results indicate that the melon aphid ESGs are conserved in cuticle formation and could be potential targets for RNAi-based pest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Guo
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Qu
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenhang Cheng
- School of Synthetic Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haiqi Wang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xue
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu X, Gao Y, Li Y, El Wakil A, Moussian B, Zhang J. Syntaxin5 is essential for survival by ensuring midgut epithelial homeostsis and regulating feeding in Locusta migratoria. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 202:105934. [PMID: 38879326 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Syntaxin5 (Syx5) belongs to SNAREs family, which play important roles in fusion of vesicles to target membranes. Most of what we know about functions of Syx5 originates from studies in fungal or vertebrate cells, how Syx5 operates during the development of insects is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of LmSyx5 in the gut development of the hemimetabolous insect Locusta migratoria. LmSyx5 was expressed in many tissues, with higher levels in the gut. Knockdown of LmSyx5 by RNA interference (RNAi) considerably suppressed feeding in both nymphs and adults. The dsLmSyx5-injected locusts lost body weight and finally died at a mortality of 100%. Furthermore, hematoxylin-eosin staining indicated that the midgut is deformed in dsLmSyx5-treated nymphs and the brush border in midgut epithelial cells is severely damaged, suggesting that LmSyx5 is involved in morphogenesis of the midgut. TEM further showed that the endoplasmic reticulum of midgut cells have a bloated appearance. Taken together, these results suggest that LmSyx5 is essential for midgut epithelial homeostsis that affects growth and development of L. migratoria. Thus, Syx5 is a promising RNAi target for controlling L. migratoria, and even other pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides; Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides; Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides; Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Faculty of Education, Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bernard Moussian
- INRAE, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides; Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu X, Li Y, Gao Y, El Wakil A, Moussian B, Zhang J. RNA interference-mediated silencing of coat protein II (COPII) genes affects the gut homeostasis and cuticle development in Locusta migratoria. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131137. [PMID: 38537854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The coat protein II (COPII) complex consists of five primary soluble proteins, namely the small GTP-binding protein Sar1, the inner coat Sec23/Sec24 heterodimers, and the outer coat Sec13/Sec31 heterotetramers. COPII is essential for cellular protein and lipid trafficking through cargo sorting and vesicle formation at the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the roles of COPII assembly genes remain unknown in insects. In present study, we identified five COPII assembly genes (LmSar1, LmSec23, LmSec24, LmSec13 and LmSec31) in Locusta migratoria. RT-qPCR results revealed that these genes showed different expression patterns in multiple tissues and developmental days of fifth-instar nymphs. Injection of double-stranded RNA against each LmCOPII gene induced a high RNAi efficiency, and considerably suppressed feeding, and increased mortality to 100 %. Results from the micro-sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin staining of midguts showed that the brush border was severely damaged and the number of columnar cells was significantly reduced in dsLmCOPII-injected nymphs, as compared with the control. The dilated endoplasmic reticulum phenotype of columnar cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RT-qPCR results further indicated that silencing any of the five genes responsible for COPII complex assembly repressed the expression of genes involved in insulin/mTOR-associated nutritional pathway. Therefore, COPII assembly genes could be promising RNAi targets for insect pest management by disrupting gut and cuticle development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Faculty of Education, Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bernard Moussian
- INRAE, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong W, Song CY, Liu MQ, Gao YH, Zhao ZW, Zhang XB, Moussian B, Zhang JZ. Osiris17 is essential for stable integrin localization and function during insect wing epithelia remodeling. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130245. [PMID: 38367779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic adhesion between cells and their extracellular matrix is essential for the development and function of organs. During insect wing development, two epithelial sheets contact each other at their basal sites through the interaction of βPS integrins with the extracellular matrix. We report that Osiris17 contributes to the maintenance of βPS integrins localization and function in developing wing of Drosophila and locust. In flies with reduced Osiris17 expression the epithelia sheets fail to maintain the integrity of basal cytoplasmic junctional bridges and basal adhesion. In contrast to the continuous basal integrin localization in control wings, this localization is disrupted during late stages of wing development in Osiris17 depleted flies. In addition, the subcellular localization revealed that Osiris17 co-localizes with the endosomal markers Rab5 and Rab11. This observation suggests an involvement of Osiris17 in endosomal recycling of integrins. Indeed, Osiris17 depletion reduced the numbers of Rab5 and Rab11 positive endosomes. Moreover, overexpression of Osiris17 increased co-localization of Rab5 and βPS integrins and partially rescued the detachment phenotype in flies with reduced βPS integrins. Taken together, our data suggest that Osiris17 is an endosome related protein that contributes to epithelial remodeling and morphogenesis by assisting basal integrins localization in insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Chen-Yang Song
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meng-Qi Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying-Hao Gao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhang-Wu Zhao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xu-Bo Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Bernard Moussian
- INRAE, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, Université Côte d(')Azur, 06108 Nice, France.
| | - Jian-Zhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ren Y, Li Y, Ju Y, Zhang W, Wang Y. Insect cuticle and insecticide development. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:e22057. [PMID: 37840232 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance poses a significant challenge, diminishing the effectiveness of chemical insecticides. To address this global concern, the development of novel and efficient pest management technologies based on chemical insecticides is an ongoing necessity. The insect cuticle, a highly complex and continuously renewing organ, plays a crucial role in this context. On one hand, as the most vital structure, it serves as a suitable target for insecticides. On the other hand, it acts as the outermost barrier, isolating the insect's inner organs from the environment, and thus offering resistance to contact with insecticides, preventing their entry into insect bodies. Our work focuses on key targets concerning cuticle formation and the interaction between the cuticle and contact insecticides. Deeper studying insect cuticles and understanding their structure-function relationship, formation process, and regulatory mechanisms during cuticle development, as well as investigating insecticide resistance related to the barrier properties of insect cuticles, are promising strategies not only for developing novel insecticides but also for discovering general synergists for contact insecticides. With this comprehensive review, we hope to contribute valuable insights into the development of effective pest management solutions and the mitigation of insecticide resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunuo Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Ju
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nuss AB, Lomas JS, Reyes JB, Garcia-Cruz O, Lei W, Sharma A, Pham MN, Beniwal S, Swain ML, McVicar M, Hinne IA, Zhang X, Yim WC, Gulia-Nuss M. The highly improved genome of Ixodes scapularis with X and Y pseudochromosomes. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302109. [PMID: 37813487 PMCID: PMC10561763 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ixodes scapularis, the black-legged tick, is the principal vector of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, and is responsible for most of the ∼470,000 estimated Lyme disease cases annually in the USA. Ixodes scapularis can transmit six additional pathogens of human health significance. Because of its medical importance, I. scapularis was the first tick genome to be sequenced and annotated. However, the first assembly, I. scapularis Wikel (IscaW), was highly fragmented because of the technical challenges posed by the long, repetitive genome sequences characteristic of arthropod genomes and the lack of long-read sequencing techniques. Although I. scapularis has emerged as a model for tick research because of the availability of new tools such as embryo injection and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing yet the lack of chromosome-scale scaffolds has slowed progress in tick biology and the development of tools for their control. Here we combine diverse technologies to produce the I. scapularis Gulia-Nuss (IscGN) genome assembly and gene set. We used DNA from eggs and male and female adult ticks and took advantage of Hi-C, PacBio HiFi sequencing, and Illumina short-read sequencing technologies to produce a chromosome-level assembly. In this work, we present the predicted pseudochromosomes consisting of 13 autosomes and the sex pseudochromosomes: X and Y, and a markedly improved genome annotation compared with the existing assemblies and annotations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Nuss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary, and Rangeland Sciences, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Johnathan S Lomas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Jeremiah B Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
- Nevada Bioinformatics Center, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Omar Garcia-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Wenlong Lei
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Arvind Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Michael N Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Saransh Beniwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Mia L Swain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Molly McVicar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Isaac Amankona Hinne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Nevada Bioinformatics Center, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Won C Yim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Monika Gulia-Nuss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Girón JC, Tarasov S, González Montaña LA, Matentzoglu N, Smith AD, Koch M, Boudinot BE, Bouchard P, Burks R, Vogt L, Yoder M, Osumi-Sutherland D, Friedrich F, Beutel RG, Mikó I. Formalizing Invertebrate Morphological Data: A Descriptive Model for Cuticle-Based Skeleto-Muscular Systems, an Ontology for Insect Anatomy, and their Potential Applications in Biodiversity Research and Informatics. Syst Biol 2023; 72:1084-1100. [PMID: 37094905 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectacular radiation of insects has produced a stunning diversity of phenotypes. During the past 250 years, research on insect systematics has generated hundreds of terms for naming and comparing them. In its current form, this terminological diversity is presented in natural language and lacks formalization, which prohibits computer-assisted comparison using semantic web technologies. Here we propose a Model for Describing Cuticular Anatomical Structures (MoDCAS) which incorporates structural properties and positional relationships for standardized, consistent, and reproducible descriptions of arthropod phenotypes. We applied the MoDCAS framework in creating the ontology for the Anatomy of the Insect Skeleto-Muscular system (AISM). The AISM is the first general insect ontology that aims to cover all taxa by providing generalized, fully logical, and queryable, definitions for each term. It was built using the Ontology Development Kit (ODK), which maximizes interoperability with Uberon (Uberon multispecies anatomy ontology) and other basic ontologies, enhancing the integration of insect anatomy into the broader biological sciences. A template system for adding new terms, extending, and linking the AISM to additional anatomical, phenotypic, genetic, and chemical ontologies is also introduced. The AISM is proposed as the backbone for taxon-specific insect ontologies and has potential applications spanning systematic biology and biodiversity informatics, allowing users to: 1) use controlled vocabularies and create semiautomated computer-parsable insect morphological descriptions; 2) integrate insect morphology into broader fields of research, including ontology-informed phylogenetic methods, logical homology hypothesis testing, evo-devo studies, and genotype to phenotype mapping; and 3) automate the extraction of morphological data from the literature, enabling the generation of large-scale phenomic data, by facilitating the production and testing of informatic tools able to extract, link, annotate, and process morphological data. This descriptive model and its ontological applications will allow for clear and semantically interoperable integration of arthropod phenotypes in biodiversity studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Girón
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sergei Tarasov
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Aaron D Smith
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Markus Koch
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Brendon E Boudinot
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, CA, USA
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
| | - Patrice Bouchard
- Biodiversity and Bioresources, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Roger Burks
- Entomology Department, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Lars Vogt
- TIB Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology, Welfengarten 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthew Yoder
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Frank Friedrich
- Institut für Zell- und Systembiologie der Tiere, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf G Beutel
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - István Mikó
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
He C, Liang J, Yang J, Xue H, Huang M, Fu B, Wei X, Liu S, Du T, Ji Y, Yin C, Gong P, Hu J, Du H, Zhang R, Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Zhou X, Yang X, Zhang Y. Over-expression of CP9 and CP83 increases whitefly cell cuticle thickness leading to imidacloprid resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123647. [PMID: 36780959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular proteins (CPs) play an important role in protecting insects from adverse environmental conditions, like neonicotinoid insecticides, which are heavily used for numerous pests and caused environmental problems and public health concerns worldwide. However, the relationship between CPs and insecticides resistance in Bemisia tabaci, a serious and developed high insecticide resistance, is lacking. In this study, 125 CPs genes were identified in B. tabaci. Further phylogenetic tree showed the RR-2-type genes formed large gene groups in B. tabaci. Transcriptional expression levels of CPs genes at different developmental stages revealed that some CPs genes may play a specific role in insect development. The TEM results indicated that the cuticle thickness of susceptible strain was thinner than imidacloprid-resistance strain. Furthermore, 16 CPs genes (5 in RR-1 subfamily, 7 in RR-2 subfamily, 3 in CPAP3 subfamily and 1 in CPCFC subfamily) were activated in response to imidacloprid. And RNAi results indicated that CP9 and CP83 involved in imidacloprid resistance. In conclusion, this study was the first time to establish a basic information framework and evolutionary relationship between CPs and imidacloprid resistance in B. tabaci, which provides a basis for proposing integrated pest management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinjin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingjiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Buli Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuegao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaonan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peipan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - JinYu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - He Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S-225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA.
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Youjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen Q, Sasikala-Appukuttan AK, Husain Z, Shrivastava A, Spain M, Sendler ED, Daines B, Fischer S, Chen R, Cook TA, Friedrich M. Global Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Complex Cuticle Organization of the Tribolium Compound Eye. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evac181. [PMID: 36575057 PMCID: PMC9866248 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is a resource-rich model for genomic and developmental studies. To extend previous studies on Tribolium eye development, we produced transcriptomes for normal-eyed and eye-depleted heads of pupae and adults to identify differentially transcript-enriched (DE) genes in the visual system. Unexpectedly, cuticle-related genes were the largest functional class in the pupal compound eye DE gene population, indicating differential enrichment in three distinct cuticle components: clear lens facet cuticle, highly melanized cuticle of the ocular diaphragm, which surrounds the Tribolium compound eye for internal fortification, and newly identified facet margins of the tanned cuticle, possibly enhancing external fortification. Phylogenetic, linkage, and high-throughput gene knockdown data suggest that most cuticle proteins (CPs) expressed in the Tribolium compound eye stem from the deployment of ancient CP genes. Consistent with this, TcasCPR15, which we identified as the major lens CP gene in Tribolium, is a beetle-specific but pleiotropic paralog of the ancient CPR RR-2 CP gene family. The less abundant yet most likely even more lens-specific TcasCP63 is a member of a sprawling family of noncanonical CP genes, documenting a role of local gene family expansions in the emergence of the Tribolium compound eye CP repertoire. Comparisons with Drosophila and the mosquito Anopheles gambiae reveal a steady turnover of lens-enriched CP genes during insect evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Zahabiya Husain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Anura Shrivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Marla Spain
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Edward D Sendler
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bryce Daines
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stefan Fischer
- Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rui Chen
- Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tiffany A Cook
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Ophthalmological, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Markus Friedrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Ophthalmological, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen YJ, Zhao J, Jiang JX, Wan NF. Transcriptome analysis revealed detoxification gene expression changes in Tetranychus cinnabarinus challenged with ethyl oleate. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 89:61-84. [PMID: 36656389 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural acaricides are potential biorational mite control alternatives to conventional chemical acaricides. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of defense response to natural acaricides in mites. We previously reported significant acaricidal properties of ethyl oleate (EO) against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (here referred to as a sibling species of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae), a highly polyphagous pest devastating crops in fields and greenhouses worldwide. In this study, we explored the molecular responses of T. cinnabarinus exposed to EO using RNA-Seq and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis. A total of 131, 185, and 154 DEGs were identified in T. cinnabarinus after 1, 6, and 24 h of EO treatment. In addition, 36 putative detoxification-related DEGs, including 10 cytochrome P450s (P450s), three glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), nine UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), eight esterases (ESTs), and six ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters), were identified. Interestingly, the upregulation of these detoxification-related genes might be the main defense response of T. cinnabarinus exposed to EO. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the expression profiles of 19 random DEGs were consistent with the RNA-Seq results. These findings serve as valuable information for a better understanding of the acaricide-mite interaction and molecular mechanisms involved in the defense response of T. cinnabarinus against EO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Juan Chen
- Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, 201403, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Pudong New District Agro-Technology Extension Center, 66 Changxin East Road, 201201, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Xian Jiang
- Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, 201403, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nian-Feng Wan
- Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, 201403, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu W, Chang T, Zhao K, Sun X, Qiao H, Yan C, Wang Y. Genome-wide annotation of cuticular protein genes in non-biting midge Propsilocerus akamusi and transcriptome analysis of their response to heavy metal pollution. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:555-566. [PMID: 36356871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The insect cuticle is a sophisticated chitin-protein extracellular structure for mutable functions. The cuticles varied their structures and properties in different species, and the same species but in different regions or at different stages, to fill the requirements of different functions. The alteration of cuticle structures may also be induced due to challenges by some environmental crises, such as pollution exposures. The physical properties of the cuticle were determined by the cuticle proteins (CPs) they contain. The cuticle proteins are large protein groups in all insects, which are commonly divided into different families according to their conserved protein sequence motifs. Although Chironomidae is an abundant and universal insect in global aquatic ecosystems and a popular model for aquatic toxicology, no systematic annotation of CPs was done for any species in Chironomidae before. In this work, we annotated the CP genes of Propsilocerus akamusi, the most abundant Chironomidae species in Asia. A total of 160 CP genes were identified, and 97 of them could be well classified into eight CP families: 76 CPR genes can be subdivided into three groups (further divided into three subgroups: 36 RR1 genes, 37 RR2 genes, and 3 RR3 genes), 2 CPF genes, 3 CPLCA genes, 1 CPLCG gene, 8 CPAP genes, and 3 Tweedle genes. Additionally, we analyzed the response of P. akamusi CP genes at expression level to Cu exposure, which is related to the high heavy metal tolerance and the earlier onset of pupariation in heavy metal polluted water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387 Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387 Tianjin, China
| | - Kangzhu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoya Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387 Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Qiao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Chuncai Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387 Tianjin, China.
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu X, Li J, Sun Y, Liang X, Zhang R, Zhao X, Zhang M, Zhang J. A nuclear receptor HR4 is essential for the formation of epidermal cuticle in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 143:103740. [PMID: 35183732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) function as key factors in diverse signaling and metabolic pathways. Previous studies have focused on the roles of a nuclear receptor, hormone receptor 4 (HR4), mainly in holometabolous insects, while current knowledge of its function in hemimetabolous insects is still limited. In this study, we identified a HR4 gene in the orthopteran species Locusta migratoria. The full-length open reading frame of LmHR4 comprises 2694-nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 897 amino acids, which contained a DNA-binding and a ligand-binding domain. Analyzing LmHR4 expression by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed that LmHR4 was highly expressed in integument, hindgut and fat body. During development from 3rd and 5th nymphal instars, the expression of LmHR4 reached maximal levels before ecdysis. We further demonstrated that LmHR4 expression is induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and suppressed by silencing LmEcR, suggesting that LmHR4 expression is controlled by 20E signaling. The dsLmHR4-injected nymphs failed to molt and remained in the nymphal stage until death. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the integument indicated that apolysis in the dsLmHR4-injected insects was delayed compared to that in control insects. Chitin staining and ultra-structural analysis showed that both the synthesis of the new cuticle and the degradation of the old cuticle were blocked in dsLmHR4-injected insects. Silencing LmHR4 decreased 20E titer and down-regulated the transcript levels of genes involved in chitin synthesis and degradation. Taken together, these results suggest that LmHR4 is essential for the formation of epidermal cuticle by mediating the 20E signaling to regulate the expression of chitin synthesis and degradation genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Juan Li
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Yawen Sun
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li G, Liu XY, Smagghe G, Niu JZ, Wang JJ. Molting process revealed by the detailed expression profiles of RXR1/RXR2 and mining the associated genes in a spider mite, Panonychus citri. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:430-442. [PMID: 34015180 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spider mites have one ecdysone receptor (EcR) and multiple retinoid X receptors (RXRs). However, the function of these RXRs in spider mite development is unknown. Here, we screened the expression dynamics of two PcRXR isoforms at 4 h intervals in the deutonymphal stage of Panonychus citri. The results showed that PcEcR had an expression pattern similar to that of PcRXR2. For PcRXR1, its expression remained at a certain high level, when there was a decrease of both PcEcR and PcRXR2. In situ hybridization showed that PcRXR2 was detected in the central nervous mass, while the ecdysteroid biosynthesis gene PcSpo was mainly expressed at the edge of the central nervous mass. RNAi-based silencing of PcRXR1 or PcRXR2 showed the same phenotype as in mites with that of silencing PcEcR. Furthermore, RNA-seq was used to mine the genes associated with the expression dynamics of PcRXR1 or PcRXR2, which revealed that the heterodimer of EcR-RXR2 in spider mites might be linked with the cell autophagy and tissue remodeling during apolysis, and RXR1 might be linked with new epicuticle and exocuticle secretion during ecdysis. Taken together, these results increase our understanding of the regulation mechanism of ecdysteroid signal pathway in spider mite development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xun-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jin-Zhi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shi X, Liu X, Cooper AM, Silver K, Merzendorfer H, Zhu KY, Zhang J. Vacuolar (H + )-ATPase subunit c is essential for the survival and systemic RNA interference response in Locusta migratoria. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1555-1566. [PMID: 34981606 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vacuolar (H+ )-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a multi-subunit enzyme that hydrolyzes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to transport protons across a cellular membrane, and it plays an important role in numerous biological processes, including in growth, development and immune responses. The c subunit of V-ATPase is a highly conserved subunit of the rotatory proteolipid ring that is required for binding and transporting protons. To date, there are only a few published reports on V-ATPase-c functions in insects. RESULTS We identified and characterized the V-ATPase-c gene in Locusta migratoria, one of the most destructive agricultural insect pests in the world. LmV-ATPase-c was predominately expressed in Malpighian tubules of nymphs, followed by the hindgut and ovary, while the other tissues showed relatively low expression levels. Silencing of LmV-ATPase-c caused severe molting defects in nymphs and a high mortality rate of > 90%. Histological staining and microscopic examination of sections from the abdominal cuticle revealed the absence of newly formed cuticle in nymphs that were injected with dsLmV-ATPase-c. In addition, silencing of LmV-ATPase-c transcript levels significantly impaired RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency of a reporter gene. By quantifying double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) amounts by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we found that RNAi against LmV-ATPase-c provoked a dramatic accumulation of dsRNA in the endosomes of epidermal and midgut cells of Locusta migratoria. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that LmV-ATPase-c is indispensable for the formation of new cuticle during the molting process and has pivotal functions in dsRNA escape from endosomes. LmV-ATPase-c might be a valuable target for developing new strategies for insect pest management. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuekai Shi
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Kristopher Silver
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao X, Shao T, Su Y, Zhang J, Gou X, Liu W, Zhang J. Cuticle Protein LmACP19 Is Required for the Stability of Epidermal Cells in Wing Development and Morphogenesis of Locusta migratoria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063106. [PMID: 35328528 PMCID: PMC8950940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect wing consists of a double layer of epidermal cells that produce and secrete the dorsal and ventral cuticular components. It is important for the stability of epidermal cells during wing development and morphogenesis, but its specific gene expression and physiological function during this process remain unclear. In our previous work, a wing cuticle protein gene LmACP19 was identified in Locusta migratoria based on transcriptomic data. Here, we report on its roles in wing development and morphogenesis. LmACP19 encodes a chitin-binding protein belonging to RR-2 subfamily of CPR family, which is highly homologous to CP19-like proteins in other insect species. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that LmACP19 is highly expressed in wing pads of fifth-instar nymphs, and its encoded protein is located in two layers of epidermal cells but not in the cuticle. Suppression of LmACP19 by RNA interference led to abnormal wing pad and wing morphogenesis with curved, unclosed, and wrinkled phenotypes during nymph-to-nymph and nymph-to-adult transition, respectively. Furthermore, deficiency of LmACP19 affected arrangement of epidermal cells, resulting in apoptosis. Our results indicate that LmACP19 is indispensable for wing development and normal morphological structure by maintaining the stability of epidermal cells during L. migratoria molting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ti Shao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yazhi Su
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xin Gou
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu XJ, Liang XY, Guo J, Shi XK, Merzendorfer H, Zhu KY, Zhang JZ. V-ATPase subunit a is required for survival and midgut development of Locusta migratoria. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:60-72. [PMID: 34528734 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The vacuolar-type H+ -ATPase (V-ATPase) is an ATP-dependent proton pump, which regulates various cellular processes. To date, most functional studies on V-ATPases of insects have focused on subunits of the V1 complex, and there is little information on the VO genes. In this study, two cDNA sequences of LmV-ATPase a were identified in Locusta migratoria. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that LmV-ATPase a1 and LmV-ATPase a2 are differentially expressed in various tissues and developmental stages. Injection of dsRNA for the common region of LmV-ATPase a1 and LmV-ATPase a2 into third-instar nymphs resulted in a significant suppression of LmV-ATPase a. The injected nymphs ceased feeding, lost body weight and finally died at a mortality of 98.6%. Furthermore, aberrations of midgut epithelial cells, the accumulation of electron-lucent vesicles in the cytoplasm, and a partially damaged brush border were observed in dsLmV-ATPase a-injected nymphs using transmission electron microscopy. Especially, the mRNA level of wingles, and notch genes were dramatically down-regulated in the dsLmV-ATPase a-injected nymphs. Taken together, our results suggest that LmV-ATPase a is required for survival and midgut development of L. migratoria. Hence, this gene could be a good target for RNAi-based control against locusts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X-J Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - X-Y Liang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - J Guo
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - X-K Shi
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - H Merzendorfer
- Institute of Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - K Y Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - J-Z Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hou QL, Chen EH, Dou W, Wang JJ. Knockdown of specific cuticular proteins analogous to peritrophin 3 genes disrupt larval and ovarian development in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1326-1337. [PMID: 32856386 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular proteins (CPs) are critical components of the insect cuticle and play important roles in maintaining normal insect development and defense against various environmental stresses. The oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) is one of the most destructive pests worldwide, and its eight CPs analogous to peritrophin 3 (BdCPAP3) family genes have been identified in our previous study. In the present study, we further explored the possible roles of CPAP3 genes in B. dorsalis development. Each sequence of BdCPAP3 genes contained three conserved ChtBD2 (chitin-binding) domains. Spatial and temporal expression patterns revealed that the four BdCPAP3 genes (BdCPAP3-A1, B, E, and E2) might play important roles in larval pupariation of B. dorsalis. Moreover, treatment with a juvenile hormone analog (methoprene) significantly restricted expression of these four CPAP3 genes, whereas treatment with 20-hydroxy-ecdysone induced expression. The RNA interference (RNAi) results revealed that down-regulated CPAP3 genes led to significant delay of pupariation, and injection of dsBdCPAP3-E into 5-d-old B. dorsalis larvae caused approximately 40% mortality. Interestingly, we also confirmed that BdCPAP3-D2 was involved in B. dorsalis ovarian development. This study showed that some specific CPAP3 genes had crucial roles in B. dorsalis development, and these CP genes could be used as potential targets to control this pest via RNAi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Li Hou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Er-Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu X, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Zhao X, Zhang T, Liu W, Zhang J. A ras-related nuclear protein Ran participates in the 20E signaling pathway and is essential for the growth and development of Locusta migratoria. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104945. [PMID: 34446211 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The small GTPase Ran is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins, which plays a key role in the translocation of RNA and proteins through the nuclear pore complex. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of LmRan gene was obtained, which consists of 648-nucleotides open reading frame (ORF) and encodes 215 amino acids. RT-qPCR results revealed that LmRan was expressed in all developmental days and tissues investigated. Injection of dsLmRan into 4th and 5th instar nymphs, resulted in a significant down-regulation of LmRan transcripts, respectively. All dsLmRan-injected nymphs died before molting. Further hematoxylin and eosin staining of the integument showed that there was no apolysis occurred after silencing LmRan. In addition, the weight of dsLmRan-injected nymphs was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the gastric caecum and midgut was severely smaller. Especiallly, the mRNA level of LmCYP302a1, LmCYP315a1 and LmCYP314a1 responsible for 20E synthesis, LmE75 and LmE74 genes involved in the 20E signaling pathway, LmGfat, LmUAP1 and LmCHT10 genes involved in chitin metabolism pathway were dramatically decreased in the dsLmRan-injected nymphs. Together, the results indicated that LmRan participate in the 20E signaling pathway, which is essential for the growth and development of locusts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen EH, Hou QL. Identification and expression analysis of cuticular protein genes in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104943. [PMID: 34446209 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural cuticular proteins (CPs) are major components of the insect cuticle, and they play critical roles in insect development and insecticide resistance. Here, a total of 196 CP genes were successfully annotated in the Plutella xylostella genome. On the basis of motif analysis, these CPs were classified into 10 different families, including 122 CPR, 12 CPAP1, 8 CPAP3, 9 CPLCP, 2 Tweedle, 1 CPF, 1 CPFL, 1 CPCFC, 17 CPG and 2 18 aa proteins, and the remaining 21 unclassified CPs were classed as cuticular proteins hypothetical (CPH). A phylogenetic analysis of CPs from different insects revealed species-specific clades of RR-1 and RR-2 genes, suggesting that CP gene duplication might occur independently among insect taxa, while we also found that some other CPs (such as CPAP1 and CPAP3) had a closer relationship based on their conserved domain architecture. Using available RNAseq libraries, the expression profiles of the CPs were analyzed over the four developmental stages of the insect (i.e., egg, larva, pupa, and adult), revealing stage-specific expression patterns for the CPs. In a chlorpyrifos resistant strain, 18 CP genes were found to be more than two-fold upregulated compared to the susceptible control strain, and qRT-PCR analysis showed that these CP genes were overexpressed after exposure to chlorpyrifos, suggesting a potential role in the molecular mechanism of insecticide resistance in P. xylostella. This study provides the tools and molecular basis to study the role of CPs in the post-embryonal development and the mechanisms of insecticide resistance of P. xylostella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Er-Hu Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qiu-Li Hou
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ye C, Song Z, Wu T, Zhang W, Saba NU, Xing L, Su X. Endocuticle is involved in caste differentiation of the lower termite. Curr Zool 2021; 67:489-499. [PMID: 34616947 PMCID: PMC8489109 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Caste differentiation in termites is one of the most conspicuous examples of facultative polyphenism in animals. It is clear that specific cuticular formation occurs in hard exocuticles during caste differentiation. However, the developmental pattern of the soft endocuticle in the differentiation pathways of castes is unknown. To reveal whether the endocuticle is involved in caste differentiation, we compared the exocuticle and endocuticle thickness of individuals in 2 pathways (nymph line and worker line) of caste differentiation in the termite Reticulitermes aculabialis. The endocuticle protein genes were identified by transcriptome analysis and the expression patterns of these genes were confirmed in caste differentiation. We found that the endocuticle structure showed dynamic changes in 2 pathways, and the first difference in endocuticle structure occurred after larvae differentiation bifurcated into workers and nymphs. The thinning of the endocuticle was a significant event from nymphs developing into alates with the thickest exocuticle and thinnest endocuticle. The thickest endocuticle layers were found in the heads of the workers and the ultrastructure of the endocuticle in the heads was more complex than that in the thorax-abdomens. Six endocuticle protein genes were identified and annotated as endocuticle structural glycoproteins SgAbd-2, SgAbd-9, and Abd-5. The expression levels of endocuticle protein genes changed dramatically during caste development and the expression levels in neotenic reproductives (secondary reproductives) were significantly higher than those in alates (primary reproductives). These results reveal the roles of endocuticles in caste differentiation and adaptation to the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Ye
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhuanzhuan Song
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Taoyu Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Noor us Saba
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Lianxi Xing
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xiaohong Su
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao XM, Niu N, Yang JP, Liu WM, Zhang JZ. LmIntegrinβ-PS is required for wing morphogenesis and development in Locusta migratoria. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:705-717. [PMID: 32401389 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wings are an important flight organ of insects and their morphogenesis depends on a series of cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. Integrin as a transmembrane protein receptor mediates cell-to-cell adhesion, cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions and signal transduction. In the present study, we characterized an integrin gene that encodes integrinβ-PS protein in Locusta migratoria. LmIntegrinβ-PS is highly expressed in the wing pads and the middle stages of 5th instar nymphs. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the LmIntegrinβ-PS protein was localized at the cell base of the two layers of wings. After suppression of LmIntegrinβ-PS by RNA interference, the wing pads or wings were unable to form normally, with a blister wing appearance during nymph to nymph transition and nymph to adult transition. We further found that the dorsal and ventral epidermis of the wings after dsLmIntegrinβ-PS injection were improperly connected and formed huge cavities revealed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Furthermore, the morphology and structure of the wing cuticle was significantly disturbed which affected the stable arrangement and attachments of the wing epidermis. Moreover, the expression of related cell adhesion genes was significantly decreased in LmIntegrinβ-PS-suppressed L. migratoria, suggesting that LmIntegrinβ-PS is required for the morphogenesis and development of wings during molting by stabilizing cell adhesion and maintaining the cytoskeleton of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Niu Niu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jia-Peng Yang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei-Min Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang Y, Zhao X, Niu N, Zhao Y, Liu W, Moussian B, Zhang J. Two fatty acid synthase genes from the integument contribute to cuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis and cuticle permeability in Locusta migratoria. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:555-568. [PMID: 32741000 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipids of the insect cuticle have important roles in resistance against the arid environment and invasion of foreign substances. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is an important enzyme of the insect lipid synthesis pathway. In the present study, we identified three FAS genes from transcriptome data of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, based on bioinformatics analyses. Among them, two FAS genes (LmFAS1 and LmFAS3) are highly expressed in the integument of fifth instar nymphs. Suppression of LmFAS1 and LmFAS3 by RNA interference caused lethality during ecdysis or shortly after moulting. The weight of the locusts and the content of lipid droplets were reduced compared with those of the control. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that knockdown of LmFAS3 led to a decrease of both cuticular hydrocarbons and inner hydrocarbons (CHCs and IHCs) contents, especially the content of methyl branched hydrocarbons. By contrast, knockdown of LmFAS1 only resulted in a decrease in the IHC content, but not that of CHCs. By consequence, in LmFAS1- and LmFAS3-suppressed locusts, hydrocarbon deficiency reduced desiccation resistance and enhanced cuticle permeability and sensitivity to insecticides. These results indicate that LmFAS1 and LmFAS3 are essential for hydrocarbon production and cuticle permeability, which play influential roles in waterproofing the insect cuticle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - X Zhao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - N Niu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - W Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - B Moussian
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice, France
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Deng Y, Zhao H, Shen S, Yang S, Yang D, Deng S, Hou C. Identification of Immune Response to Sacbrood Virus Infection in Apis cerana Under Natural Condition. Front Genet 2020; 11:587509. [PMID: 33193724 PMCID: PMC7649357 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.587509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV) is a serious threat to eastern honeybees (Apis cerana), especially larvae. However, the pathological mechanism of this deadly disease remains unclear. Here, we employed mRNA and small RNA (sRNA) transcriptome approach to investigate the microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) expression changes of A. cerana larvae infected with CSBV under natural condition. We found that serine proteases involved in immune response were down-regulated, while the expression of siRNAs targeted to serine proteases were up-regulated. In addition, CSBV infection also affected the expression of larvae cuticle proteins such as larval cuticle proteins A1A and A3A, resulting in increased susceptibility to CSBV infection. Together, our results provide insights into sRNAs that they are likely to be involved in regulating honeybee immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Deng
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Sa Yang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Dahe Yang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Hou
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Volovych O, Lin Z, Du J, Jiang H, Zou Z. Identification and temporal expression profiles of cuticular proteins in the endoparasitoid wasp, Microplitis mediator. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:998-1018. [PMID: 31317624 PMCID: PMC7497268 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, parasitoid wasp species Microplitis mediator has evoked increasing research attention due to its possible use in the control of Lepidoptera insects. Because insect development involves changes in cuticle composition, identification and expression analysis of M. mediator cuticular proteins may clarify the mechanisms involved in parasite development processes. We found 70 cuticular proteins from the M. mediator transcriptome and divided them into seven distinct families. Expression profiling indicated that most of these cuticular protein genes have expression peaks specific for one particular developmental stage of M. mediator. Eggs and pupae have the highest number of transcriptionally active cuticular protein genes (47 and 52 respectively). Only 12 of these genes maintained high expression activity during late larval development. Functional analysis of two larval proteins, MmCPR3 and MmCPR14, suggested their important role in the proper organization of the cuticle layers of larvae. During M. mediator larval development, normal cuticle formation can be supported by a limited number of cuticular proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Volovych
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhe Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Skim-Sequencing Based Genotyping Reveals Genetic Divergence of the Wild and Domesticated Population of Black Tiger Shrimp ( Penaeus monodon) in the Indo-Pacific Region. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090277. [PMID: 32906759 PMCID: PMC7564732 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The domestication of a wild-caught aquatic animal is an evolutionary process, which results in genetic discrimination at the genomic level in response to strong artificial selection. Although black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is one of the most commercially important aquaculture species, a systematic assessment of genetic divergence and structure of wild-caught and domesticated broodstock populations of the species is yet to be documented. Therefore, we used skim sequencing (SkimSeq) based genotyping approach to investigate the genetic structure of 50 broodstock individuals of P. monodon species, collected from five sampling sites (n = 10 in each site) across their distribution in Indo-Pacific regions. The wild-caught P. monodon broodstock population were collected from Malaysia (MS) and Japan (MJ), while domesticated broodstock populations were collected from Madagascar (MMD), Hawaii, HI, USA (MMO), and Thailand (MT). After various filtering process, a total of 194,259 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were identified, in which 4983 SNP loci were identified as putatively adaptive by the pcadapt approach. In both datasets, pairwise FST estimates high genetic divergence between wild and domesticated broodstock populations. Consistently, different spatial clustering analyses in both datasets categorized divergent genetic structure into two clusters: (1) wild-caught populations (MS and MJ), and (2) domesticated populations (MMD, MMO and MT). Among 4983 putatively adaptive SNP loci, only 50 loci were observed to be in the coding region. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses suggested that non-synonymous mutated genes might be associated with the energy production, metabolic functions, respiration regulation and developmental rates, which likely act to promote adaptation to the strong artificial selection during the domestication process. This study has demonstrated the applicability of SkimSeq in a highly duplicated genome of P. monodon specifically, across a range of genetic backgrounds and geographical distributions, and would be useful for future genetic improvement program of this species in aquaculture.
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang R, Zhao X, Liu X, Zhang X, Yu R, Ma E, Moussian B, Zhu K, Zhang J. Effect of RNAi-mediated silencing of two Knickkopf family genes (LmKnk2 and LmKnk3) on cuticle formation and insecticide susceptibility in Locusta migratoria. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2907-2917. [PMID: 32358831 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knickkopf (Knk) proteins play crucial roles in the formation of insect cuticle. Recent studies in the holometabolous insect red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) have shown that three Knk genes encoding TcKnk, TcKnk2 and TcKnk3 play different but essential roles at different developmental stages and in different tissues. However, the functions of Knk genes had not been fully explored in hemimetabolous insects such as the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. RESULTS We identified three transcripts of LmKnk-like genes LmKnk2 and LmKnk3 with the full-length cDNA sequences, which were named as LmKnk2, LmKnk3-FL and LmKnk3-5'. These three transcripts were highly expressed before molting and mainly expressed in the integument. Among these genes, silencing only LmKnk3-5' by RNA interference (RNAi) caused molting defects and high mortality of the locusts. Injection of dsLmKnk3-5' dramatically decreased chitin content, but did not affect cuticle laminar ultra-structures in the integument. After the knockdown of LmKnk3-5' transcript, lipid deposition on the cuticle surface was impeded, and locusts exhibited increased susceptibility to each of four insecticides in three different classes. However, no visible phenotypic changes were observed after LmKnk2 or LmKnk3-FL was silenced by RNAi. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that LmKnk3-5' is essential for cuticle formation in L. migratoria. This contrasts the findings that the cognate protein in T. castaneum TcKnk3-5' is dispensable for cuticle formation and survival. Hence, we provide some evidence that the function of Knk-type proteins may be species-specific. We therefore think that LmKnk3-5' may be a good target for the application of RNAi-based technologies for species-specific insect pest management. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xueyao Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongrong Yu
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Enbo Ma
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice, France
| | - KunYan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao X, Zhang J, Yang J, Niu N, Zhang J, Yang Q. Mucin family genes are essential for the growth and development of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 123:103404. [PMID: 32428561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mucins are highly glycosylated proteins that are characterized by a higher proportion of threonine, serine, and proline residues in their sequences. Although mucins in humans and vertebrates have been implicated in many biological processes, their roles in growth and development in invertebrates such as in insects remain largely unknown. Based on bioinformatic analyses, we identified eight mucin or mucin-like genes in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. RNA interference against these genes demonstrated that three Lmmucin genes were essential for the survival of L. migratoria nymphs, and one Lmmucin was required for adult wing development. Indeed, knockdown of Lmhemomucin and Lmmucin-12 caused lethal phenotypes, with an observed defect of the gastric caeca in which cells were detached from cell junctions. Deficiency of LmIIM3 resulted in lethality of nymphs, with defects of the peritrophic membrane in midgut. Suppression of Lmmucin-17 greatly impaired the structural integrity of the wing cuticle during nymph-adult molting. The present study revealed the significance of mucin and mucin-like genes in insect growth and development, using the orthopteran insect locust as a model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection and Shenzhen Agricultural Genome Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Jiapeng Yang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Niu Niu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection and Shenzhen Agricultural Genome Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao X, Yang Y, Niu N, Zhao Y, Liu W, Ma E, Moussian B, Zhang J. The fatty acid elongase gene LmELO7 is required for hydrocarbon biosynthesis and cuticle permeability in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 123:104052. [PMID: 32259526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insect cuticular lipids are a complex cocktail of highly diverse cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), which form a hydrophobic surface coat to maintain water balance and to prevent desiccation and penetration of exogenous substances. Fatty acid elongases (ELOs) are key enzymes that participate in a common CHC synthesis pathway in insects. However, the importance of ELOs for CHC synthesis and function remains understudied. Using transcriptomic data, we have identified seven ELO genes (LmELO1-7) in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. We determined their tissue-specific and temporal expression profiles in fifth instar nymphs. As we are interested in cuticle barrier formation, we performed RNA interference against LmELO7, which is mainly expressed in the integument. Suppression of LmELO7 significantly decreased its expression and caused lethality during or shortly after molting. CHC quantification by GC-MS analysis indicated that suppression of LmELO7 resulted in a decrease in total CHC amounts. By consequence, CHC deficiency reduced desiccation resistance and enhanced cuticle permeability in LmELO7-suppressed L. migratoria. Interestingly, LmELO7 expression is induced at low air humidity. Our results indicate that LmELO7 plays a vital role in the production of CHCs and, hence, cuticle permeability. Induction of LmELO7 expression in drought conditions suggests a key role of this gene in regulating desiccation resistance. This work is expected to help developing new strategies for insect pest management based on CHC function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Niu Niu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yiyan Zhao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Enbo Ma
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice CEDEX 2, France
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang J, Zhang X, Deng S, Ma E, Zhang J, Xing S. Molecular characterization and RNA interference analysis of the DEAD-box gene family in Locusta migratoria. Gene 2020; 728:144297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
34
|
Rasheed H, Ye C, Meng Y, Ran Y, Li J, Su X. Comparative transcriptomic analysis and endocuticular protein gene expression of alate adults, workers and soldiers of the termite Reticulitermes aculabialis. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:742. [PMID: 31615402 PMCID: PMC6794787 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insect cuticle is mainly composed of exocuticle and endocuticle layers that consist of a large number of structural proteins. The thickness and synthesis of the exocuticle depend on different castes that perform various functions in alates, workers and soldiers. However, it is not clear whether the soft endocuticle is involved in the division of labour in termite colonies. To reveal the structural characteristics of the endocuticle in different castes, we investigated the thickness of endocuticle layers in alates, workers and soldiers of the termite Reticulitermes aculabialis, and then we sequenced their transcriptome and detected the endocuticle protein genes. The differential expression levels of the endocuticular protein genes were confirmed in the three castes. RESULTS We found that there was a great difference in the thickness of the endocuticle among the alates, soldiers and workers. The thickest endocuticle layers were found in the heads of the workers 7.88 ± 1.67 μm. The endocuticle layer in the head of the workers was approximately three-fold and nine-fold thicker than that in the heads of soldiers and alates, respectively. The thinnest endocuticle layers occurred in the head, thorax and abdomen of alates, which were 0.86 ± 0.15, 0.76 ± 0.24 and 0.52 ± 0.17 μm thick, respectively, and had no significant differences. A total of 43,531,650 clean sequencing reads was obtained, and 89,475 unigenes were assembled. Of the 70 identified cuticular protein genes, 10 endocuticular genes that belong to the RR-1 family were selected. qRT-PCR analysis of the five endocuticular genes (SgAbd-2, SgAbd-9, Abd-5, SgAbd-2-like and Abd-4-like) revealed that the endocuticle genes were more highly expressed in workers than in soldiers and alates. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SgAbd and Abd are the key components of the endocuticle. We infer that the thicker endocuticle in workers is helpful for them to perform their functions against environmental stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Rasheed
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yufeng Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuehua Ran
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohong Su
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ren D, Guo W, Yang P, Song J, He J, Zhao L, Kang L. Structural and functional differentiation of a fat body-like tissue adhering to testis follicles facilitates spermatogenesis in locusts. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 113:103207. [PMID: 31421206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fat body is distributed throughout the body of insects, playing the essential role in intermediary metabolism and nutrient storage. However, the function of differentiation of fat bodies adhering to different tissues remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a fat body-like tissue (FLT) surrounding testis follicles and described its features at morphological, cellular and molecular levels. The FLT is morphologically distinguished with the abdominal fat body (FB) and dominated by diploid cells instead of polyploid cells. The transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that the FLT and FB have dramatically different gene expression profiles. Moreover, genes in the cell cycle pathway, which include both DNA replication- and cell division-related genes, were successively active during development of the FLT, suggesting that FLT cells possibly undergo a mitotic cycle rather than an endocycle. Deprivation of the FLT resulted in distortion of the testis follicles, disappearance of sperm bundles, reduction of total sperm number and increase of dead sperm, indicating a critical role of the FLT in the spermatogenesis in testis follicles. The special functional differentiation of the two similar tissues suggested that FLT-FB cells are able to establish a promising system to study mitotic-to-endocycle transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dani Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Beijing Institute of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhao X, Gou X, Liu W, Ma E, Moussian B, Li S, Zhu K, Zhang J. The wing-specific cuticular protein LmACP7 is essential for normal wing morphogenesis in the migratory locust. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 112:103206. [PMID: 31425850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wings are an indispensable structure in many insects for their foraging, courtship, escape from predators, and migration. Cuticular proteins are major components of the insect cuticle and wings, but there is limited information on how cuticular proteins may play an essential role in wing morphogenesis. We identified a wing-specific cuticular protein, LmACP7, which belongs to the RR-2 subfamily of CPR chitin-binding proteins in the migratory locust. LmACP7 was initially produced in epidermal cells and subsequently migrated to the exocuticle at the pre-ecdysial stage in adult wings. Depletion of LmACP7 transcripts by RNA interference markedly reduced its protein amounts, which consequently led to abnormal wing morphogenesis. The deformed wings were curved, wrinkled, and failed to fully expand. We further demonstrated that the deformation was caused by both severe damage of the endocuticle and death of the epidermal cells in the wings. Based on these data, we propose that LmACP7 not only serves as an essential structural protein in the wing but is also required for the integrity of wing epithelial cells. LmACP7 contributes to production of the wing endocuticle and to the morphogenesis of functional wings in the migratory locust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Xin Gou
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Enbo Ma
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108, Nice CEDEX 2, France
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Sciences and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - KunYan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang X, Dong J, Wu H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Ma E. Knockdown of cytochrome P450 CYP6 family genes increases susceptibility to carbamates and pyrethroids in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:48-57. [PMID: 30763915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) plays a key role in the detoxification of insecticides. In this study, four cDNA sequences of CYP6 genes were identified and characterized. Transcription levels of LmCYP6HC1 and LmCYP6HCL1 were high in first- and fourth-instar nymph stages, respectively. LmCYP6HN1 was primarily expressed in the egg to third-instar nymph stages, while LmCYP6HQ1 was predominantly expressed in the stages from fourth-instar nymph to the adult. The four CYP6 genes were predominantly distributed in the antenna, brain, fat body, integument, and hemolymph. Piperonyl butoxide exposure inhibited total CYP activity and synergized the toxicity of carbamates and pyrethroids. Knockdown of LmCYP6HL1, LmCYP6HN1, and LmCYP6HQ1 increased nymph mortality following exposure to carbaryl, and silencing of LmCYP6HC1, LmCYP6HL1, LmCYP6HN1, and LmCYP6HQ1 comprehensively raised nymph mortality following exposure to fluvalinate. Knockdown of LmCYP6HL1 or LmCYP6HN1 significantly increased nymph mortality following exposure to cypermethrin or fenvalerate, respectively. These results suggest that the CYP6 family plays a key role in determining the susceptibility of Locusta migratoria to both carbamates and pyrethroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haihua Wu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Enbo Ma
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mechanics of Arthropod Cuticle-Versatility by Structural and Compositional Variation. ARCHITECTURED MATERIALS IN NATURE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11942-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
39
|
Liu X, Zhang J, Zhu KY. Chitin in Arthropods: Biosynthesis, Modification, and Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1142:169-207. [PMID: 31102247 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7318-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is a structural constituent of extracellular matrices including the cuticle of the exoskeleton and the peritrophic matrix (PM) of the midgut in arthropods. Chitin chains are synthesized through multiple biochemical reactions, organized in several hierarchical levels and associated with various proteins that give their unique physicochemical characteristics of the cuticle and PM. Because, arthropod growth and morphogenesis are dependent on the capability of remodeling chitin-containing structures, chitin biosynthesis and degradation are highly regulated, allowing ecdysis and regeneration of the cuticle and PM. Over the past 20 years, much progress has been made in understanding the physiological functions of chitinous matrices. In this chapter, we mainly discussed the biochemical processes of chitin biosynthesis, modification and degradation, and various enzymes involved in these processes. We also discussed cuticular proteins and PM proteins, which largely determine the physicochemical properties of the cuticle and PM. Although rapid advances in genomics, proteomics, RNA interference, and other technologies have considerably facilitated our research in chitin biosynthesis, modification, and metabolism in recent years, many aspects of these processes are still partially understood. Further research is needed in understanding how the structural organization of chitin synthase in plasma membrane accommodate chitin biosynthesis, transport of chitin chain across the plasma membrane, and release of the chitin chain from the enzyme. Other research is also needed in elucidating the roles of chitin deacetylases in chitin organization and the mechanism controlling the formation of different types of chitin in arthropods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang X, Kang X, Wu H, Silver K, Zhang J, Ma E, Zhu KY. Transcriptome-wide survey, gene expression profiling and exogenous chemical-induced transcriptional responses of cytochrome P450 superfamily genes in migratory locust (Locusta migratoria). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 100:66-77. [PMID: 29959977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) belong to a large superfamily of heme-containing enzymes catalyzing at least 60 different types of chemically distinct reactions. Insect CYPs play key roles in biotransformation of insecticides and plant chemicals, and are implicated in insecticide resistance and insect adaptation to their host plants. Insect CYPs are well studied in model insects, but little is known about the CYP superfamily in paurometabolous insects. We employed Illumina sequencing technology to identify 71 partial and 78 full-length open reading frames (ORFs) of LmCYP genes from the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria), one of the most destructive paurometabolous insect pests in the world. Seventy-eight LmCYPs with complete ORFs were formally named and classified into 19 families and 43 subfamilies. The majority of LmCYPs were mainly expressed in nymphal and adult stages, but LmCYP expression varied widely among thirteen different tissues examined. Regulatory elements were predicted in the promoter regions of LmCYP genes, and subsequent exposure of locusts to 12 different exogenous chemicals showed that 2-tridecanone and xanthotoxin were the most effective at increasing LmCYP expression. Our results represent the first transcriptome-wide analysis of the LmCYP superfamily from migratory locust, and provide a foundation for understanding the physiological functions, functional diversity, evolution, and regulatory mechanisms controlling the expression of the CYP gene superfamily in the locust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiaolin Kang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Haihua Wu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Kristopher Silver
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Enbo Ma
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen EH, Hou QL, Dou W, Wei DD, Yue Y, Yang RL, Yang PJ, Yu SF, De Schutter K, Smagghe G, Wang JJ. Genome-wide annotation of cuticular proteins in the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), changes during pupariation and expression analysis of CPAP3 protein genes in response to environmental stresses. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 97:53-70. [PMID: 29729388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular proteins (CPs) are essential components of the insect cuticle as they create a structural and protective shield and may have a role in insect development. In this paper, we studied the CPs in the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), one of the most economically important pests in the Tephritidae family around the world. The availability of a complete genome sequence (NCBI Assembly: ASM78921v2) allowed the identification of 164 CP genes in B. dorsalis. Comparative analysis of the CPs in B. dorsalis with those in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster and the closely related Ceratitis capitata, and CPs from mosquitoes, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera identified Diptera-specific genes and cuticle development patterns. Analysis of their evolutionary relationship revealed that some CP families had evolved according to the phylogeny of the different insect species, while others shared a closer relationship based on domain architecture. Subsequently, transcriptome analysis showed that while most of the CPs (60-100% of the family members) are expressed in the epidermis, some were also present in internal organs such as the fat body and the reproductive organs. Furthermore, the study of the expression profiles throughout development revealed a profound change in the expression of CPs during the formation of the puparium (pupariation). Further analysis of the expression profiles of the CPAP3 genes under various environmental stresses revealed them to be involved in the response to pesticides and arid and extreme temperatures conditions. In conclusion, the data provide a particular overview of CPs and their evolutionary and transcriptional dynamics, and in turn they lay a molecular foundation to explore their roles in the unique developmental process of insect metamorphosis and stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Er-Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qiu-Li Hou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Rui-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Pei-Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shuai-Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | | | - Guy Smagghe
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhao X, Qin Z, Liu W, Liu X, Moussian B, Ma E, Li S, Zhang J. Nuclear receptor HR3 controls locust molt by regulating chitin synthesis and degradation genes of Locusta migratoria. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 92:1-11. [PMID: 29113754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
During growth and development of insects, the steroid hormone 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) regulates the molting process through activation of a series of genes including E74, E75 and HR3 by the 20E receptor EcR. Here, we analyzed the function of LmHR3 in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. By sequence comparison, we first identified and characterized the putative nuclear receptor protein (LmHR3) based on L. migratoria transcriptome data. The full length cDNA is 2272 bp long encoding a protein of 455 amino acids that contains a DNA binding domain (zinc finger) and a ligand binding domain. Phylogenetic analyses showed that LmHR3 has a high homology with the ortholog from Blattaria. RT-qPCR results revealed that LmHR3 has a low level expression in the early days of 5th instar nymphs, and then increases and peaks at day 6, followed by a decrease to low levels before ecdysis. The LmHR3, hence, coincides with the profile of circulating 20E levels. Indeed, we show that transcription of LmHR3 is induced by 20E in vivo, and significantly suppressed by successfully knocking down expression of LmEcR. After injection of dsRNA for LmHR3 (dsLmHR3) at day 2 of earlier instar nymphs (3rd and 4th instar) and final instar nymphs (5th instar), none of the nymphs were able to molt normally, and eventually died. Chitin staining and ultra-structural analysis showed that both the synthesis of the new cuticle and the degradation of the old cuticle were blocked in the dsLmHR3 treated nymphs. Especially, chitin synthesis genes (LmUAP1 and LmCHS1) and chitinase genes (LmCHT5 and LmCHT10) were significantly down-regulated in the dsLmHR3 treatment group. Together, our results suggest that LmHR3 is involved in the control of chitin synthesis and degradation during L. migratoria molting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Zhongyu Qin
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Angewandte Zoologie, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, Dresden 01217, Germany; iBV, Universit e Nice, Parc Valrose, Nice 06000, France
| | - Enbo Ma
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Sciences and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang X, Wang J, Liu J, Li Y, Liu X, Wu H, Ma E, Zhang J. Knockdown of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase increases the susceptibility to carbaryl in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 188:517-524. [PMID: 28910726 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) plays important roles in cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds, and participates in cytochrome P450-related detoxification of insecticides. However, the CPR from Locusta migratoria has not been well characterized and its function is still undescribed. RESULTS The full-length of CPR gene from Locusta migratoria (LmCPR) was cloned by RT-PCR based on transcriptome information. The membrane anchor region, and 3 conserved domains (FMN binding domain, connecting domain, FAD/NADPH binding domain) were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LmCPR was grouped in the Orthoptera branch and was more closely related to the CPRs from hemimetabolous insects. The LmCPR gene was ubiquitously expressed at all developmental stages and was the most abundant in the fourth-instar nymphs and the lowest in the egg stage. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that LmCPR was higher expressed in ovary, hindgut, and integument. The CPR activity was relatively higher in Malpighian tubules and integument. Silencing of LmCPR obviously reduced the enzymatic activity of LmCPR, and enhanced the susceptibility of Locusta migratoria to carbaryl. CONCLUSION These results suggest that LmCPR contributes to the susceptibility of L. migratoria to carbaryl and could be considered as a novel target for pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junxiu Wang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yahong Li
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haihua Wu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Enbo Ma
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|