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Ngo TH, Menon S, Rivero-Müller A. Nano-immunotherapy: Merging immunotherapy precision with nanomaterial delivery. iScience 2025; 28:112319. [PMID: 40292310 PMCID: PMC12033950 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
In current landscape of cancer treatment, nanotherapy and cellular therapy stand out as promising and innovative approaches. Nanotherapy have excelled in delivering functional molecules effectively to target cancer cells, however the targetability is mostly the result of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Meanwhile, cellular therapies such recently emerging chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy are proficient at specifically targeting cancer cells by using engineered receptors on T cells. Yet, cellular therapies preform poor in solid tumors due to immunosuppression and cancer cell resistance to immuno-stimulation, in other words their delivery of deadly cargo is deficient. Therefore, combining nanotherapy and immunotherapy is an emerging trend, with ongoing clinical trials exploring their synergistic effects. This 2-input approach holds promise for enhancing treatment efficacy and overcoming limitations in cancer therapy. In this review, we will discuss two aspects: targetability and delivery for each individual therapy and what the combined nano-immunotherapy strategies have achieved up to now. In the last section, some future perspectives for this combination are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Ha Ngo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Soumya Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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2
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Tsouh Fokou PV, Kamdem Pone B, Appiah‐Oppong R, Ngouana V, Bakarnga‐Via I, Ntieche Woutouoba D, Flore Donfack Donkeng V, Tchokouaha Yamthe LR, Fekam Boyom F, Arslan Ateşşahin D, Sharifi‐Rad J, Calina D. An Update on Antitumor Efficacy of Catechins: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications. Food Sci Nutr 2025; 13:e70169. [PMID: 40255557 PMCID: PMC12006731 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.70169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is the process by which substances that cause cancer (carcinogens) produce cancer. Extensive research conducted in recent years shows that the risk of developing certain cancers can be reduced by eating a variety of fruits and vegetables regularly. Catechins, which are more prevalent in foods and beverages made from plants, are known to have anti-cancer effects. Detailed mechanistic studies are helpful in understanding the inhibitory effects of catechins on carcinogenesis and providing background information for evaluating the effects of catechins on human carcinogenesis. This article provides an overview of catechins and their potential roles in cancer prevention and treatment, focusing on how they alter signaling pathways, slow cell proliferation, and trigger apoptosis. Also, this article discusses molecular modifications of epigallocatechin gallate and catechins as well as delivery methods based on nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boniface Kamdem Pone
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaounde 1YaoundeCameroon
| | - Regina Appiah‐Oppong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Vincent Ngouana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon
| | - Issakou Bakarnga‐Via
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Human Health SciencesUniversity of NdjamenaNdjamenaChad
| | | | | | | | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaounde 1YaoundeCameroon
| | - Dilek Arslan Ateşşahin
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Baskil Vocational SchoolFırat UniversityElazıgTurkey
| | - Javad Sharifi‐Rad
- Universidad Espíritu SantoSamborondónEcuador
- Centro de Estudios Tecnológicos y Universitarios del GolfoVeracruzMexico
- Department of Medicine, College of MedicineKorea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical PharmacyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy of CraiovaCraiovaRomania
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3
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Mostafa MAH, Khojah HMJ. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems for phytochemicals in cancer therapy: molecular mechanisms, clinical evidence, and emerging trends. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2025:1-17. [PMID: 40116905 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2025.2483425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2025] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/23/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review examines recent advancements in nanoparticle-based delivery systems for phytochemicals, focusing on their role in overcoming multidrug resistance, improving therapeutic efficacy, and facilitating clinical translation. SIGNIFICANCE This review highlights recent advances in nanoparticle-enabled phytochemical delivery to enhance bioavailability, improve therapeutic outcomes, and enable targeted applications. By comparing various nanoparticle systems, formulation methods, and efficacy data, it identifies gaps in current research and guides the development of more effective, next-generation phytochemical-loaded nanocarriers. METHODS A systematic review of literature published between 2000 and 2024 was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Articles focusing on nanoparticle-based phytochemical delivery in cancer therapy were included. KEY FINDINGS Compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, and epigallocatechin gallate demonstrate enhanced anti-cancer efficacy when encapsulated in nanoparticles, leading to improved bioavailability, increased tumor cell targeting, and reduced toxicity. Clinical trials indicate tumor regression and fewer adverse effects. Emerging approaches-such as nanogels, hybrid nanoparticles, and combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors-further refine treatment efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Nanoparticle-based delivery systems significantly improve the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals, making them promising candidates for safer, more effective cancer treatments. However, challenges related to regulatory guidelines, scalability, and long-term safety must be addressed to fully realize their clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A H Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hani M J Khojah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Radeva-Ilieva M, Stoeva S, Hvarchanova N, Georgiev KD. Green Tea: Current Knowledge and Issues. Foods 2025; 14:745. [PMID: 40077449 PMCID: PMC11899301 DOI: 10.3390/foods14050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2025] [Revised: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Green tea possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities, reduces body weight, and slows down aging. These effects are primarily attributed to catechins contained in green tea leaves, particularly epigallocatechin-3-gallate. However, in humans, the realization of green tea's beneficial effects is limited. In order to summarize and critically analyze the available scientific information about green tea's health benefits and issues related to its use, we conducted an in-depth literature review in scientific databases. A number of in vitro studies reported that green tea catechins modulate various signaling pathways in cells, which is thought to underlie their beneficial effects. However, data on the effects of catechins in humans are scarce, which is partly due to their low stability and oral bioavailability. Furthermore, catechins may also participate in pharmacokinetic interactions when co-administered with certain drugs such as anticancer agents, drugs for cardiovascular diseases, immunosuppressors, etc. As a result, adverse drug reactions or therapy failure may occur. In conclusion, over the years, various approaches have been investigated to optimize catechin intake and to achieve beneficial effects in humans, but to date, the use of catechins for prophylaxis or disease treatment remains limited. Therefore, future studies regarding the possibilities of catechins administration are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Radeva-Ilieva
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University—Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (S.S.); (N.H.); (K.D.G.)
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Markowska A, Antoszczak M, Markowska J, Huczyński A. Role of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Selected Malignant Neoplasms in Women. Nutrients 2025; 17:212. [PMID: 39861342 PMCID: PMC11767294 DOI: 10.3390/nu17020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2024] [Revised: 01/04/2025] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Tea is a significant source of flavonoids in the diet. Due to different production processes, the amount of bioactive compounds in unfermented (green) and (semi-)fermented tea differs. Importantly, green tea has a similar composition of phenolic compounds to fresh, unprocessed tea leaves. It consists primarily of monomeric flavan-3-ols, known as catechins, of which epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant. Thanks to its antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenic properties, EGCG has attracted the scientific community's attention to its potential use in preventing and/or combating cancer. In this review article, we summarize the literature reports found in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases on the anticancer effect of EGCG on selected malignant neoplasms in women, i.e., breast, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, which have been published over the last two decades. It needs to be emphasized that EGCG concentrations reported as effective against cancer cells are typically higher than those found in plasma after polyphenol administration. Moreover, the low bioavailability and absorption of EGCG appear to be the main reasons for the differences in the effects between in vitro and in vivo studies. In this context, we also decided to look at possible solutions to these problems, consisting of combining the polyphenol with other bioactive components or using nanotechnology. Despite the promising results of the studies conducted so far, mainly in vitro and on animal models, there is no doubt that further, broad-based activities are necessary to unequivocally assess the potential use of EGCG in oncological treatment to combat cancer in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Markowska
- Department of Perinatology and Women’s Health, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Michał Antoszczak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Janina Markowska
- Gynecological Oncology Center, Poznańska 58A, 60-850 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Huczyński
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
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Mishra G, Awasthi R, Mishra SK, Singh AK, Tiwari AK, Singh SK, Nandi MK. Development of Epigallocatechin and Ascorbic Acid Dual Delivery Transferosomes for Managing Alzheimer's Disease: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:35463-35474. [PMID: 39184506 PMCID: PMC11339821 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and ascorbic acid (AA)-loaded transferosomes (TRANS) were developed for brain delivery. The investigation covered EGCG-TRANS, AA-TRANS, and EGCG-AA-TRANS formulations using the film hydration technique. We analyzed the formed transferosomes to confirm the presence of vesicles loaded with the respective drugs and their performance within a living organism. The sizes of the particles for EGCG-TRANS, AA-TRANS, and EGCG-AA-TRANS were measured correspondingly at 174.2 ± 1.80, 132.7 ± 12.22, and 184.31 ± 9.5 nm. The appearance of diffused rings in the scanning electron microscopic image suggests that the payload has a crystalline structure. The atomic force microscope image displayed minimal surface irregularities, potentially indicating the presence of a lipid layer on the surface. Hemolysis results indicated the safety of the vesicles. The results showed 10.23, 7.21, and 8.20% of hemolysis for EGCG-TRANS, AA-TRANS, and EGCG-AA-TRANS, respectively. In the case of EGCG-AA-TRANS, the release of EGCG was determined to be 61.65% ± 4.61 after 72 h when exposed to phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4). In vivo studies show a good response against Alzheimer's disease (AD). EGCG-AA-TRANS (82.166%) exhibited a higher percentage of AChE inhibition in comparison to EGCG-TRANS (66.550%) and AA-TRANS (53.466%). Intranasal delivery of EGCG-AA-TRANS resulted in approximately a 5-fold enhancement in memory. Formulation allowed EGCG and AA to accumulate in various organs, including the brain. The results suggest that EGCG-AA-TRANS could be safe and effective for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Mishra
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health
Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Kumar Singh
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Kumar Tiwari
- Department
of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manmath K. Nandi
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Nag S, Bhunia A, Mohanto S, Ahmed MG, Subramaniyan V. Rising potentials of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) loaded lipid-based delivery platforms for breast cancer. DISCOVER APPLIED SCIENCES 2024; 6:426. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-024-05878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/04/2024]
Abstract
AbstractBreast cancer is a major global health concern that requires the development of innovative treatment strategies. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic phytocompound found abundantly in green tea, has exhibited potential anti-cancer properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, and anti-proliferative effects. However, the clinical translation of EGCG is hindered by its poor bioavailability and stability. Lipid-based nanocarriers have materialized as an optimistic platform for encapsulating various therapeutics due to their high drug-loading capacity, stability, biocompatibility, and versatility. The rationale for encapsulating EGCG-loaded lipid nanoparticles is to enhance the therapeutic efficacy, bioavailability, and targeted delivery of EGCG for breast cancer treatment. This targeted delivery minimizes off-target effects and enhances the accumulation of EGCG within tumors or diseased tissues in a controlled or sustained manner, reducing systemic toxicity. In addition, co-delivery of EGCG with synergistic agents can enhance therapeutic efficacy through complementary mechanisms of action, overcome biological barriers, and can be combined with other treatment modalities, i.e., radiation therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, etc., to achieve synergistic effectiveness and overcome resistance mechanisms. The advancement of EGCG-loaded lipid nanoparticles exhibits the potential effectiveness of EGCG-based treatments, can overcome the challenges of administering EGCG, and can transform cancer therapy and other biomedical applications.
Graphical abstract
Understanding the potential role of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in breast cancer treatment through various signaling pathways and further loaded into the lipid-based delivery system for the improvement of mechanical and biological characteristics of the EGCG.
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Frank N, Dickinson D, Garcia W, Liu Y, Yu H, Cai J, Patel S, Yao B, Jiang X, Hsu S. Feasibility Study of Developing a Saline-Based Antiviral Nanoformulation Containing Lipid-Soluble EGCG: A Potential Nasal Drug to Treat Long COVID. Viruses 2024; 16:196. [PMID: 38399972 PMCID: PMC10891529 DOI: 10.3390/v16020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A recent estimate indicates that up to 23.7 million Americans suffer from long COVID, and approximately one million workers may be out of the workforce each day due to associated symptoms, leading to a USD 50 billion annual loss of salary. Post-COVID (Long COVID) neurologic symptoms are due to the initial robust replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal neuroepithelial cells, leading to inflammation of the olfactory epithelium (OE) and the central nervous system (CNS), and the OE becoming a persistent infection site. Previously, our group showed that Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-palmitate (EC16) nanoformulations possess strong antiviral activity against human coronavirus, suggesting this green tea-derived compound in nanoparticle formulations could be developed as an intranasally delivered new drug to eliminate the persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to restored olfactory function and reduced inflammation in the CNS. The objective of the current study was to determine the compatibility of the nanoformulations with human nasal primary epithelial cells (HNpECs). METHODS Nanoparticle size was measured using the ZetaView Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) system; contact antiviral activity was determined by TCID50 assay for cytopathic effect on MRC-5 cells; post-infection inhibition activity was determined in HNpECs; and cytotoxicity for these cells was determined using an MTT assay. The rapid inactivation of OC43 (a β-coronavirus) and 229E (α-coronavirus) viruses was further characterized by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS A saline-based nanoformulation containing 0.1% w/v EC16 was able to inactivate 99.9999% β-coronavirus OC43 on direct contact within 1 min. After a 10-min incubation of infected HNpECs with a formulation containing drug-grade EC16 (EGCG-4' mono-palmitate or EC16m), OC43 viral replication was inhibited by 99%. In addition, all nanoformulations tested for their effect on cell viability were comparable to normal saline, a regularly used nasal irrigation solution. A 1-min incubation of an EC16 nanoformulation with either OC43 or 229E showed an altered viral structure. CONCLUSION Nanoformulations containing EC16 showed properties compatible with nasal application to rapidly inactivate SARS-CoV-2 residing in the olfactory mucosa and to reduce inflammation in the CNS, pending additional formulation and safety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Frank
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.F.); (W.G.); (S.P.)
| | | | - William Garcia
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.F.); (W.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Hongfang Yu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jingwen Cai
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Sahaj Patel
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.F.); (W.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Bo Yao
- Changxing Sanju Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310013, China; (B.Y.); (X.J.)
| | - Xiaocui Jiang
- Changxing Sanju Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310013, China; (B.Y.); (X.J.)
| | - Stephen Hsu
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.F.); (W.G.); (S.P.)
- Camellix Research Laboratory, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
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Tuo Y, Tang Y, Yang R, Zhao X, Luo M, Zhou X, Wang Y. Virtual screening and biological activity evaluation of novel efflux pump inhibitors targeting AdeB. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126109. [PMID: 37544561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The AdeABC efflux pump is an important mechanism causing multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, and its main component AdeB can recognize carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and other multi-class antibiotics and efflux them intracellularly, which is an ideal target for the development of anti-multidrug resistant bacteria drugs. Here, we combined multiple computer-aided drug design methods to target AdeB to identify promising novel structural inhibitors. Virtual screening was performed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) and 12 potential compounds were identified from the databases. Meanwhile, their biological activities were validated by in vitro activity assays, and ChemDiv L676-2179 (γ-IFN), ChemDiv L676-1461, and Chembridge 53717615 were confirmed to suppress efflux effects and restore antibiotic susceptibility of resistant bacteria, which are expected to be developed as adjuvant drugs for the treatment of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tuo
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yuelu Tang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ran Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - XueMin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Minghe Luo
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yuanqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Target Based Drug Screening and Activity Evaluation, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
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Ranneh Y, Abu Bakar MF, Akim AM, Baharum ZB, Ellulu MS, Fadel A. Induction of Apoptosis and Modulation of Caspase Activity on MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells by Bioactive Fractionated Cocoa Leaf Extract. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2473-2483. [PMID: 37505782 PMCID: PMC10676477 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.7.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the potential anti-proliferative activities of a methanolic extract of cocoa leaves (CL) obtained through sequential partition and fractionation against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Methods: The methanolic extract of CL was partitioned in three separated solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol). Hexane partition was the most potent against MCF-7 cells growth with the lowest IC50 value. Then, it was subjected to two fractionation procedures, resulting in the identification of the CL bioactive fraction (II-F7) with potent toxicity against MCF-7 cells. RESULTS Further investigation into CL bioactive fraction (II-F7) revealed significant dose-dependent growth inhibitory effects on MCF-7 cells, which were attributed to the induction of apoptosis, as evidenced by the presence of apoptotic bodies, fragmented DNA, and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, treatment with CL bioactive fraction (II-F7) upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (DDIT3, GADD45G and HRK) and significantly increased the activities of caspase-8 and caspase-9. CONCLUSION Overall, this study suggests that bioactive fraction (II-F7) from CL extract has significant and selective cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells through inducing apoptosis and has potential as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Ranneh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, Abu-Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohd. Fadzelly Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)- Pagoh Campus, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdah Md Akim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zainal Bin Baharum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed S Ellulu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza, Gaza City, State of Palestine.
| | - Abdulmannan Fadel
- Sport and Exercises Sciences School, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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11
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Marín V, Burgos V, Pérez R, Maria DA, Pardi P, Paz C. The Potential Role of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Breast Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10737. [PMID: 37445915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide, with an incidence of 47.8%. Its treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and antibodies giving a mortality of 13.6%. Breast tumor development is driven by a variety of signaling pathways with high heterogeneity of surface receptors, which makes treatment difficult. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a natural polyphenol isolated as the main component in green tea; it has shown multiple beneficial effects in breast cancer, controlling proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, inflammation, and demethylation of DNA. These properties were proved in vitro and in vivo together with synergistic effects in combination with traditional chemotherapy, increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. This review focuses on the effects of EGCG on the functional capabilities acquired by breast tumor cells during its multistep development, the molecular and signal pathways involved, the synergistic effects in combination with current drugs, and how nanomaterials can improve its bioavailability on breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Marín
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Viviana Burgos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, Temuco 02950, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Rebeca Pérez
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | | | - Paulo Pardi
- Nucleo de Pesquisas NUPE/ENIAC University Center, Guarulhos 07012-030, Brazil
| | - Cristian Paz
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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12
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Nanoparticles loaded with pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: Biomedical applications and toxicity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113214. [PMID: 36893664 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologically active natural products have played a significant role in the history of drug development. They have acted as sources of therapeutic drugs for various diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. However, most natural products suffer from poor water solubility and low bioavailability, limiting their clinical applications. The rapid development of nanotechnology has opened up new directions for applying natural products and numerous studies have explored the biomedical applications of nanomaterials loaded with natural products. This review covers the recent research on applying plant-derived natural products (PDNPs) nanomaterials, including nanomedicines loaded with flavonoids, non-flavonoid polyphenols, alkaloids, and quinones, especially their use in treating various diseases. Furthermore, some drugs derived from natural products can be toxic to the body, so the toxicity of them is discussed. This comprehensive review includes fundamental discoveries and exploratory advances in natural product-loaded nanomaterials that may be helpful for future clinical development.
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Chavda VP, Nalla LV, Balar P, Bezbaruah R, Apostolopoulos V, Singla RK, Khadela A, Vora L, Uversky VN. Advanced Phytochemical-Based Nanocarrier Systems for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1023. [PMID: 36831369 PMCID: PMC9954440 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the world's most prevalent cancer, breast cancer imposes a significant societal health burden and is among the leading causes of cancer death in women worldwide. Despite the notable improvements in survival in countries with early detection programs, combined with different modes of treatment to eradicate invasive disease, the current chemotherapy regimen faces significant challenges associated with chemotherapy-induced side effects and the development of drug resistance. Therefore, serious concerns regarding current chemotherapeutics are pressuring researchers to develop alternative therapeutics with better efficacy and safety. Due to their extremely biocompatible nature and efficient destruction of cancer cells via numerous mechanisms, phytochemicals have emerged as one of the attractive alternative therapies for chemotherapeutics to treat breast cancer. Additionally, phytofabricated nanocarriers, whether used alone or in conjunction with other loaded phytotherapeutics or chemotherapeutics, showed promising results in treating breast cancer. In the current review, we emphasize the anticancer activity of phytochemical-instigated nanocarriers and phytochemical-loaded nanocarriers against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Since diverse mechanisms are implicated in the anticancer activity of phytochemicals, a strong emphasis is placed on the anticancer pathways underlying their action. Furthermore, we discuss the selective targeted delivery of phytofabricated nanocarriers to cancer cells and consider research gaps, recent developments, and the druggability of phytoceuticals. Combining phytochemical and chemotherapeutic agents with nanotechnology might have far-reaching impacts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
- Department of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pankti Balar
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu 610064, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
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Chaiwangyen W, Chumphukam O, Kangwan N, Pintha K, Suttajit M. Anti-aging effect of polyphenols: possibilities and challenges. PLANT BIOACTIVES AS NATURAL PANACEA AGAINST AGE-INDUCED DISEASES 2023:147-179. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90581-7.00022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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15
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Advancements in clinical translation of flavonoid nanoparticles for cancer treatment. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Renal cell carcinoma management: A step to nano-chemoprevention. Life Sci 2022; 308:120922. [PMID: 36058262 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common kidney cancers, responsible for nearly 90 % of all renal malignancies. Despite the availability of many treatment strategies, RCC still remains to be an incurable disease due to its resistivity towards conventional therapies. Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science that offers newer possibilities in therapeutics including cancer medicine, specifically by targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. Several phytochemicals are known for their anti-cancer properties and have been regarded as chemopreventive agents. However, the hydrophobic nature of many phytochemicals decreases its bioavailability and distribution, thus showing limited therapeutic effect. Application of nanotechnology to enhance chemoprevention is an effective strategy to increase the bioavailability of phytochemicals and thereby its therapeutic efficacy. The present review focuses on the utility of nanotechnology in RCC treatment and chemopreventive agents of RCC. We have also visualized the future prospects of nanomolecules in the prevention and cure of RCC.
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Hung SW, Li Y, Chen X, Chu KO, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Guo X, Man GCW, Wang CC. Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Regulates Autophagy in Male and Female Reproductive Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906746. [PMID: 35860020 PMCID: PMC9289441 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With a rich abundance of natural polyphenols, green tea has become one of the most popular and healthiest nonalcoholic beverages being consumed worldwide. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the predominant catechin found in green tea, which has been shown to promote numerous health benefits, including metabolic regulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Clinical studies have also shown the inhibitory effects of EGCG on cancers of the male and female reproductive system, including ovarian, cervical, endometrial, breast, testicular, and prostate cancers. Autophagy is a natural, self-degradation process that serves important functions in both tumor suppression and tumor cell survival. Naturally derived products have the potential to be an effective and safe alternative in balancing autophagy and maintaining homeostasis during tumor development. Although EGCG has been shown to play a critical role in the suppression of multiple cancers, its role as autophagy modulator in cancers of the male and female reproductive system remains to be fully discussed. Herein, we aim to provide an overview of the current knowledge of EGCG in targeting autophagy and its related signaling mechanism in reproductive cancers. Effects of EGCG on regulating autophagy toward reproductive cancers as a single therapy or cotreatment with other chemotherapies will be reviewed and compared. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms and crosstalk of EGCG between autophagy and other cellular processes, such as reactive oxidative stress, ER stress, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, will be summarized. The present review will help to shed light on the significance of green tea as a potential therapeutic treatment for reproductive cancers through regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wan Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gene Chi-Wai Man
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Gene Chi-Wai Man, ; Chi Chiu Wang,
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; School of Biomedical Sciences; and Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Gene Chi-Wai Man, ; Chi Chiu Wang,
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Sahadevan R, Singh S, Binoy A, Sadhukhan S. Chemico-biological aspects of (-)-epigallocatechin- 3-gallate (EGCG) to improve its stability, bioavailability and membrane permeability: Current status and future prospects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10382-10411. [PMID: 35491671 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2068500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been a bedrock for drug discovery for decades. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the widely studied natural polyphenolic compounds derived from green tea. It is the key component believed to be responsible for the medicinal value of green tea. Significant studies implemented in in vitro, in cellulo, and in vivo models have suggested its anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, neuroprotective activities etc. Despite having such a wide array of therapeutic potential and promising results in preclinical studies, its applicability to humans has encountered with rather limited success largely due to the poor bioavailability, poor membrane permeability, rapid metabolic clearance and lack of stability of EGCG. Therefore, novel techniques are warranted to address those limitations so that EGCG or its modified analogs can be used in the clinical setup. This review comprehensively covers different strategies such as structural modifications, nano-carriers as efficient drug delivery systems, synergistic studies with other bioactivities to improve the chemico-biological aspects (e.g., stability, bioavailability, permeability, etc.) of EGCG for its enhanced pharmacokinetics and pharmacological properties, eventually enhancing its therapeutic potentials. We think this review article will serve as a strong platform with comprehensive literature on the development of novel techniques to improve the bioavailability of EGCG so that it can be translated to the clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Sahadevan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Satyam Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anupama Binoy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
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Aggarwal V, Tuli HS, Tania M, Srivastava S, Ritzer EE, Pandey A, Aggarwal D, Barwal TS, Jain A, Kaur G, Sak K, Varol M, Bishayee A. Molecular mechanisms of action of epigallocatechin gallate in cancer: Recent trends and advancement. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 80:256-275. [PMID: 32461153 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), also known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is an ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid. EGCG, abundantly found in tea, is a polyphenolic flavonoid that has the potential to affect human health and disease. EGCG interacts with various recognized cellular targets and inhibits cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In addition, scientific evidence has illustrated the promising role of EGCG in inhibiting tumor cell metastasis and angiogenesis. It has also been found that EGCG may reverse drug resistance of cancer cells and could be a promising candidate for synergism studies. The prospective importance of EGCG in cancer treatment is owed to its natural origin, safety, and low cost which presents it as an attractive target for further development of novel cancer therapeutics. A major challenge with EGCG is its low bioavailability which is being targeted for improvement by encapsulating EGCG in nano-sized vehicles for further delivery. However, there are major limitations of the studies on EGCG, including study design, experimental bias, and inconsistent results and reproducibility among different study cohorts. Additionally, it is important to identify specific EGCG pharmacological targets in the tumor-specific signaling pathways for development of novel combined therapeutic treatments with EGCG. The present review highlights the ongoing development to identify cellular and molecular targets of EGCG in cancer. Furthermore, the role of nanotechnology-mediated EGCG combinations and delivery systems will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, Punjab, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Mousumi Tania
- Division of Molecular Cancer, Red Green Research Center, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Saumya Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211 004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Erin E Ritzer
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton 34211, FL, USA
| | - Anjana Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211 004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, Haryana, India
| | - Tushar Singh Barwal
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, Punjab, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, Punjab, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Mumbai 400 056, Maharastra, India
| | | | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Muğla TR48000, Turkey
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton 34211, FL, USA.
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20
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Zhang W, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wu Z, Weng P. Tea polyphenols-loaded nanocarriers: preparation technology and biological function. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:387-398. [PMID: 35229222 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TP) have various biological functions including anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and bioengineered repair properties. However, TP exhibit poor stability and bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. Nanoencapsulation techniques can be used to protect TP and to uphold their original characteristics during processing, storage and digestion, improve their physiochemical properties and enhance their health promoting effects. Nano-embedded TP show higher antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer properties than TP, allowing TP to play a better role in bioengineering restoration after embedding. In this review, recent advances in nanoencapsulation of TP with biopolymeric nanocarriers (polysaccharides and proteins), lipid-based nanocarriers and innovative developments in preparation strategies were mainly discussed. Additionally, the strengthening biological functions of stability and bioavailability, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer activities and bioengineering repair properties activities after the nano-embedding of TP have been considered. Finally, further studies could be conducted for exploring the application of nanoencapsulated systems in food for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanni Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
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Santos RA, Andrade EDS, Monteiro M, Fialho E, Silva JL, Daleprane JB, Ferraz da Costa DC. Green Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Extract Induces p53-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Inhibits Migration of Breast Cancer Cells. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123154. [PMID: 34945706 PMCID: PMC8701076 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea (GT) has been shown to play an important role in cancer chemoprevention. However, the related molecular mechanisms need to be further explored, especially regarding the use of GT extract (GTE) from the food matrix. For this study, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin (EGC) were identified in GTE, representing 42 and 40% of the total polyphenols, respectively. MDA-MB-231 (p53-p.R280K mutant) and MCF-7 (wild-type p53) breast tumor cells and MCF-10A non-tumoral cells were exposed to GTE for 24–48 h and cell viability was assessed in the presence of p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α. GTE selectively targeted breast tumor cells without cytotoxic effect on non-tumoral cells and p53 inhibition led to an increase in viable cells, especially in MCF-7, suggesting the involvement of p53 in GTE-induced cytotoxicity. GTE was also effective in reducing MCF-7 and MDA-MD-231 cell migration by 30 and 50%, respectively. An increment in p53 and p21 expression stimulated by GTE was observed in MCF-7, and the opposite phenomenon was found in MDA-MB-231 cells, with a redistribution of mutant-p53 from the nucleus and no differences in p21 levels. All these findings provide insights into the action of GTE and support its anticarcinogenic potential on breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronimara A. Santos
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions between Nutrition and Genetics, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil; (R.A.S.); (E.D.S.A.); (J.B.D.)
| | - Emmanuele D. S. Andrade
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions between Nutrition and Genetics, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil; (R.A.S.); (E.D.S.A.); (J.B.D.)
| | - Mariana Monteiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Eliane Fialho
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Jerson L. Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Julio B. Daleprane
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions between Nutrition and Genetics, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil; (R.A.S.); (E.D.S.A.); (J.B.D.)
| | - Danielly C. Ferraz da Costa
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions between Nutrition and Genetics, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil; (R.A.S.); (E.D.S.A.); (J.B.D.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Samynathan R, Thiruvengadam M, Nile SH, Shariati MA, Rebezov M, Mishra RK, Venkidasamy B, Periyasamy S, Chung IM, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM. Recent insights on tea metabolites, their biosynthesis and chemo-preventing effects: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-20. [PMID: 34606382 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1984871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tea manufactured from the cultivated shoots of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze is the most commonly consumed nonalcoholic drink around the world. Tea is an agro-based, environmentally sustainable, labor-intensive, job-generating, and export-oriented industry in many countries. Tea includes phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, vitamins, enzymes, crude fibers, protein, lipids, and carbohydrates, among other biochemical constituents. This review described the nature of tea metabolites, their biosynthesis and accumulation with response to various factors. The therapeutic application of various metabolites of tea against microbial diseases, cancer, neurological, and other metabolic disorders was also discussed in detail. The seasonal variation, cultivation practices and genetic variability influence tea metabolite synthesis. Tea biochemical constituents, especially polyphenols and its integral part catechin metabolites, are broadly focused on potential applicability for their action against various diseases. In addition to this, tea also contains bioactive flavonoids that possess health-beneficial effects. The catechin fractions, epigallocatechin 3-gallate and epicatechin 3-gallate, are the main components of tea that has strong antioxidant and medicinal properties. The synergistic function of natural tea metabolites with synthetic drugs provides effective protection against various diseases. Furthermore, the application of nanotechnologies enhanced bioavailability, enhancing the therapeutic potential of natural metabolites against numerous diseases and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Technology of Food Products, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China.,V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Raghvendra Kumar Mishra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sureshkumar Periyasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University Campus (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain.,Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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23
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Curcumin-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated with Sodium Alginate and Hydroxyapatite and Their Cytotoxic Effects Against the HT-29 and MCF-7 Cancer Cell Lines. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.114572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Curcumin, a bioactive component of Curcuma langa, has been investigated for its anti-proliferative effects against various cancer cell lines. Although results are very promising, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin are its main limitations for clinical application. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a drug delivery system, consisting of hydroxyapatite (HAp) polymer and sodium alginate (NaAlg), covering the magnetic core of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), and loaded with curcumin in order to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Methods: In this study, IONPs were prepared by the co-precipitation method and coated with HAp and NaAlg. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). Encapsulation efficiency and curcumin loading rate were examined. Drug release rate was also measured in vitro at pH = 7.5 and 5.5. The toxicity of curcumin-loaded NPs and free curcumin was evaluated against HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells. Results: The assessment of physicochemical characteristics showed the synthesis of spherical particles with nanometer sizes (5 - 7 nm) and a high encapsulation efficiency (84.16 ± 3.51 %) and drug loading capacity (21.03 ± 0.87%). Maximum drug release was obtained at pH = 5.5. Iron oxide nanoparticles showed no significant cytotoxic effects. Curcumin-loaded coated IONPs showed a higher toxicity against HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells compared to free curcumin. Conclusions: This in vitro study showed that the encapsulation of curcumin, as a potent herbal drug, into IONPs enhanced its bioavailability, suggesting the NPs as an efficient vehicle for targeted drug delivery in cancer treatment.
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Jiang Y, Jiang Z, Ma L, Huang Q. Advances in Nanodelivery of Green Tea Catechins to Enhance the Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:3301. [PMID: 34072700 PMCID: PMC8198522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. A variety of phenolic compounds display preventative and therapeutic effects against cancers. Green teas are rich in phenolics. Catechins are the most dominant phenolic component in green teas. Studies have shown that catechins have anticancer activity in various cancer models. The anticancer activity of catechins, however, may be compromised due to their low oral bioavailability. Nanodelivery emerges as a promising way to improve the oral bioavailability and anticancer activity of catechins. Research in this area has been actively conducted in recent decades. This review provides the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of catechins, the factors that limit the oral bioavailability of catechins, and the latest advances of delivering catechins using nanodelivery systems through different routes to enhance their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Jiang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen 518132, China;
| | - Ziyi Jiang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen 518132, China;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Sonawane SK, Chinnathambi S. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate modulates Tau Post-translational modifications and cytoskeletal network. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1083-1099. [PMID: 34084282 PMCID: PMC8169072 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia denoted by progressive neuronal death due to the accumulation of proteinaceous aggregates of Tau. Post-translational modifications like hyperphosphorylation, truncation, glycation, etc. play a pivotal role in Tau pathogenesis. Glycation of Tau aids in paired helical filament formation and abates its microtubule-binding function. The chemical modulators of Tau PTMs, such as kinase inhibitors and antibody-based therapeutics, have been developed, but natural compounds, as modulators of Tau PTMs are not much explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied biophysical and biochemical techniques like fluorescence kinetics, oligomerization analysis and transmission electron microscopy to investigate the impact of EGCG on Tau glycation in vitro. The effect of glycation on cytoskeleton instability and its EGCG-mediated rescue were studied by immunofluorescence microscopy in neuroblastoma cells. RESULTS EGCG inhibited methyl glyoxal (MG)-induced Tau glycation in vitro. EGCG potently inhibited MG-induced advanced glycation endproducts formation in neuroblastoma cells as well modulated the localization of AT100 phosphorylated Tau in the cells. In addition to preventing the glycation, EGCG enhanced actin-rich neuritic extensions and rescued actin and tubulin cytoskeleton severely disrupted by MG. EGCG maintained the integrity of the Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC) stabilized microtubules by Microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member 1 (EB1). CONCLUSIONS We report EGCG, a green tea polyphenol, as a modulator of in vitro methylglyoxal-induced Tau glycation and its impact on reducing advanced glycation end products in neuroblastoma cells. We unravel unprecedented function of EGCG in remodeling neuronal cytoskeletal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kishor Sonawane
- Neurobiology Group, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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26
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Santana MS, Lopes R, Peron IH, Cruz CR, Gaspar AM, Costa PI. Natural Bioactive Compounds as Adjuvant Therapy for Hepatitis C Infection. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999201009152726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Hepatitis C virus infection is a significant global health burden, which
causes acute or chronic hepatitis. Acute hepatitis C is generally asymptomatic and progresses to
cure, while persistent infection can progress to chronic liver disease and extrahepatic manifestations.
Standard treatment is expensive, poorly tolerated, and has variable sustained virologic responses
amongst the different viral genotypes. New therapies involve direct acting antivirals; however,
it is also very expensive and may not be accessible for all patients worldwide. In order to provide
a complementary approach to the already existing therapies, natural bioactive compounds are
investigated as to their several biologic activities, such as direct antiviral properties against hepatitis
C, and effects on mitigating chronic progression of the disease, which include hepatoprotective,
antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activities; additionally, these compounds present
advantages, as chemical diversity, low cost of production and milder or inexistent side effects.
Objective:
To present a broad perspective on hepatitis C infection, the chronic disease, and natural
compounds with promising anti-HCV activity. Methods: This review consists of a systematic review
study about the natural bioactive compounds as a potential therapy for hepatitis C infection.
Results:
The quest for natural products has yielded compounds with biologic activity, including viral
replication inhibition in vitro, demonstrating antiviral activity against hepatitis C.
Conclusion:
One of the greatest advantages of using natural molecules from plant extracts is the
low cost of production, not requiring chemical synthesis, which can lead to less expensive therapies
available to low and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moema S. Santana
- Food and Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Rute Lopes
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela H. Peron
- Food and Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Cruz
- Food and Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Ana M.M. Gaspar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo I. Costa
- Food and Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
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Das A, Haque I, Ray P, Ghosh A, Dutta D, Quadir M, De A, Gunewardena S, Chatterjee I, Banerjee S, Weir S, Banerjee SK. CCN5 activation by free or encapsulated EGCG is required to render triple-negative breast cancer cell viability and tumor progression. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00753. [PMID: 33745223 PMCID: PMC7981588 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been considered an anticancer agent despite conflicting and discrepant bioavailability views. EGCG impairs the viability and self-renewal capacity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and makes them sensitive to estrogen via activating ER-α. Surprisingly, the mechanism of EGCG's action on TNBC cells remains unclear. CCN5/WISP-2 is a gatekeeper gene that regulates viability, ER-α, and stemness in TNBC and other types of cancers. This study aimed to investigate whether EGCG (free or encapsulated in nanoparticles) interacts with the CCN5 protein by emphasizing its bioavailability and enhancing its anticancer effect. We demonstrate that EGCG activates CCN5 to inhibit in vitro cell viability through apoptosis, the sphere-forming ability via reversing TNBC cells' stemness, and suppressing tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, we found EGCG-loaded nanoparticles to be functionally more active and superior in their tumor-suppressing ability than free-EGCG. Together, these studies identify EGCG (free or encapsulated) as a novel activator of CCN5 in TNBC cells and hold promise as a future therapeutic option for TNBC with upregulated CCN5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Das
- Cancer Research UnitVA Medical CenterKansas CityMOUSA
- Present address:
National Institute of Biomedical GenomicsKalyaniWest BengalIndia
| | - Inamul Haque
- Cancer Research UnitVA Medical CenterKansas CityMOUSA
| | - Priyanka Ray
- Department of Chemical Biochemical Environmental Engineering (CBEEUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research UnitVA Medical CenterKansas CityMOUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Debasmita Dutta
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric MaterialsNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNDUSA
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric MaterialsNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNDUSA
| | - Archana De
- Cancer Research UnitVA Medical CenterKansas CityMOUSA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Cancer Research UnitVA Medical CenterKansas CityMOUSA
- Present address:
Department of Life SciencesCentral University of Tamil NaduThiruvarurIndia
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research UnitVA Medical CenterKansas CityMOUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Scott Weir
- Department of PharmacologyToxicology and TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Sushanta K. Banerjee
- Cancer Research UnitVA Medical CenterKansas CityMOUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
- Lead contact, SKB, Cancer Research UnitKansas CityMOUSA
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Plant-Derived Anticancer Compounds as New Perspectives in Drug Discovery and Alternative Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041109. [PMID: 33669817 PMCID: PMC7922180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in the field of chemically synthetized pharmaceutical agents, nature remains the main supplier of bioactive molecules. The research of natural products is a valuable approach for the discovery and development of novel biologically active compounds possessing unique structures and mechanisms of action. Although their use belongs to the traditional treatment regimes, plant-derived compounds still cover a large portion of the current-day pharmaceutical agents. Their medical importance is well recognized in the field of oncology, especially as an alternative to the limitations of conventional chemotherapy (severe side effects and inefficacy due to the occurrence of multi-drug resistance). This review offers a comprehensive perspective of the first blockbuster chemotherapeutic agents of natural origin’s (e.g. taxol, vincristine, doxorubicin) mechanism of action using 3D representation. In addition is portrayed the step-by-step evolution from preclinical to clinical evaluation of the most recently studied natural compounds with potent antitumor activity (e.g. resveratrol, curcumin, betulinic acid, etc.) in terms of anticancer mechanisms of action and the possible indications as chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents and sensitizers. Finally, this review describes several efficient platforms for the encapsulation and targeted delivery of natural compounds in cancer treatment
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29
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Turuvekere Vittala Murthy N, Agrahari V, Chauhan H. Polyphenols against infectious diseases: Controlled release nano-formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 161:66-79. [PMID: 33588032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens has become a global threat and a cause of significant morbidity and mortality around the world. Natural products have been used as a promising approach to counter the infectious diseases associated with these pathogens. The application of natural products and their derivatives especially polyphenolic compounds as antibacterial agents is an active area of research, and prior studies have successfully treated a variety of bacterial infections using these polyphenolic compounds. However, delivery of polyphenolic compounds has been challenging due to their physicochemical properties and often poor aqueous solubility. In this regard, nanotechnology-based novel drug delivery systems offer many advantages, including improving bioavailability and the controlled release of polyphenolic compounds. This review summarizes the pharmacological mechanism and use of nano-formulations in developing controlled release delivery systems of naturally occurring polyphenols in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vibhuti Agrahari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma University, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professionals, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, United States.
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30
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Yaneva Z, Ivanova D. Catechins within the Biopolymer Matrix-Design Concepts and Bioactivity Prospects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1180. [PMID: 33256098 PMCID: PMC7761086 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies and clinical investigations proposed that catechins extracts alone may not provide a sufficient level of bioactivities and promising therapeutic effects to achieve health benefits due to a number of constraints related to poor oral absorption, limited bioavailability, sensitivity to oxidation, etc. Modern scientific studies have reported numerous techniques for the design of micro- and nano-bio-delivery systems as novel and promising strategies to overcome these obstacles and to enhance catechins' therapeutic activity. The objective assessment of their benefits, however, requires a critical comparative estimation of the advantages and disadvantages of the designed catechins-biocarrier systems, their biological activities and safety administration aspects. In this respect, the present review objectively outlines, compares and assesses the recent advances related to newly developed design concepts of catechins' encapsulation into various biopolymer carriers and their release behaviour, with a special emphasis on the specific physiological biofunctionalities of the innovative bioflavonoid/biopolymer delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvezdelina Yaneva
- Chemistry Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
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31
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Capossela S, Mathew V, Boos M, Bertolo A, Krupkova O, Stoyanov JV. Novel Fast and Reliable Method for Nano-Erythrosome Production Using Shear Force. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:4547-4560. [PMID: 33149552 PMCID: PMC7604965 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s258368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The production of nano-erythrosomes (NEs) by extrusion, which is considered the “gold standard”, has several disadvantages such as difficult equipment assembly, long procedure time, variable pressure, and problems with sterility. An alternative approach, using ultrasound probe, has been shown to overheat the sample and have suboptimal results compared to the extrusion method. In our study, we propose, develop, and test a new method for the fabrication of NEs based on shear force and then compare it to the “gold standard” extrusion approach. Methods The new method consists of mechanical shear force disruption of the hemoglobin-depleted erythrocyte ghost membranes, with the aid of a rotor stator based tissue homogenizer. Using the same batches of erythrocyte ghost membranes, we compared NEs produced by shear force to NEs produced by the well-established extrusion approach. NEs were characterized for yield, size, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, and stability by flow cytometry (FC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential analysis. Results The shear force based process was easier to set up, significantly faster, had better sterility control, and decreased variability between batches. The shear force method generated NEs with the desired size distribution (particles diameter ~125 nm), which were morphologically and functionally equivalent to the NEs produced by extrusion. NEs produced by shear force were stable in terms of counts, size, and fluorescence intensity for 3 weeks at +4°C. Moreover, they showed colloidal stability and minimal influence to centrifugal stress, turbulence shock, and hemolytic potential. Conclusion The newly proposed shear force method allows faster, easier, and highly reproducible NEs production when compared to the conventional extrusion approach. The new setup allows simultaneous production of sterile batches of NEs, which have homogenous size distribution, good stability, and improved shelf life storage. The ability of the shear force method to process also high concentration samples indicates a future potential development of large-scale NEs production and industrial application, which has been a challenge for the extrusion method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Capossela
- SCI Biobanking and Translational Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Vikas Mathew
- SCI Biobanking and Translational Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Boos
- Institute for Biomechanics, D-HEST, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Bertolo
- SCI Biobanking and Translational Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Olga Krupkova
- Institute for Biomechanics, D-HEST, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Spinal Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jivko V Stoyanov
- SCI Biobanking and Translational Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Protective Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) on Endometrial, Breast, and Ovarian Cancers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111481. [PMID: 33113766 PMCID: PMC7694163 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea and its major bioactive component, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), possess diverse biological properties, particularly antiproliferation, antimetastasis, and apoptosis induction. Many studies have widely investigated the anticancer and synergistic effects of EGCG due to the side effects of conventional cytotoxic agents. This review summarizes recent knowledge of underlying mechanisms of EGCG on protective roles for endometrial, breast, and ovarian cancers based on both in vitro and in vivo animal studies. EGCG has the ability to regulate many pathways, including the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and protection against epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EGCG has also been found to interact with DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which affect epigenetic modifications. Finally, the action of EGCG may exert a suppressive effect on gynecological cancers and have beneficial effects on auxiliary therapies for known drugs. Thus, future clinical intervention studies with EGCG will be necessary to more and clear evidence for the benefit to these cancers.
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33
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Salama L, Pastor ER, Stone T, Mousa SA. Emerging Nanopharmaceuticals and Nanonutraceuticals in Cancer Management. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E347. [PMID: 32932737 PMCID: PMC7554840 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is the science of nanoscale, which is the scale of nanometers or one billionth of a meter. Nanotechnology encompasses a broad range of technologies, materials, and manufacturing processes that are used to design and/or enhance many products, including medicinal products. This technology has achieved considerable progress in the oncology field in recent years. Most chemotherapeutic agents are not specific to the cancer cells they are intended to treat, and they can harm healthy cells, leading to numerous adverse effects. Due to this non-specific targeting, it is not feasible to administer high doses that may harm healthy cells. Moreover, low doses can cause cancer cells to acquire resistance, thus making them hard to kill. A solution that could potentially enhance drug targeting and delivery lies in understanding the complexity of nanotechnology. Engineering pharmaceutical and natural products into nano-products can enhance the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Novel nano-formulations such as liposomes, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, quantum dots, nano-suspensions, and gold nanoparticles have been shown to enhance the delivery of drugs. Improved delivery of chemotherapeutic agents targets cancer cells rather than healthy cells, thereby preventing undesirable side effects and decreasing chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Nanotechnology has also revolutionized cancer diagnosis by using nanotechnology-based imaging contrast agents that can specifically target and therefore enhance tumor detection. In addition to the delivery of drugs, nanotechnology can be used to deliver nutraceuticals like phytochemicals that have multiple properties, such as antioxidant activity, that protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of cancer. There have been multiple advancements and implications for the use of nanotechnology to enhance the delivery of both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shaker A. Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; (L.S.); (E.R.P.); (T.S.)
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Dobrzynska M, Napierala M, Florek E. Flavonoid Nanoparticles: A Promising Approach for Cancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091268. [PMID: 32887473 PMCID: PMC7564267 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a ubiquitous group of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds, have recently gained importance as anticancer agents. Unfortunately, due to low solubility, absorption, and rapid metabolism of dietary flavonoids, their anticancer potential is not sufficient. Nanocarriers can improve the bioavailability of flavonoids. In this review we aimed to evaluate studies on the anticancer activity of flavonoid nanoparticles. A review of English language articles published until 30 June 2020 was conducted, using PubMed (including MEDLINE), CINAHL Plus, Cochrane, and Web of Science data. Most studies determining the anticancer properties of flavonoid nanoparticles are preclinical. The potential anticancer activity focuses mainly on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, A549 lung cancer cells, HepG2 liver cancer cells, and melanoma cells. The flavonoid nanoparticles can also support the anti-tumour effect of drugs used in cancer therapy by enhancing the anti-tumour effect or reducing the systemic toxicity of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Dobrzynska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-354 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marta Napierala
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (E.F.); Tel.: +48-61-847-2081 (E.F.)
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (E.F.); Tel.: +48-61-847-2081 (E.F.)
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Tabrez S, Jabir NR, Adhami VM, Khan MI, Moulay M, Kamal MA, Mukhtar H. Nanoencapsulated dietary polyphenols for cancer prevention and treatment: successes and challenges. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1147-1162. [PMID: 32292109 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many dietary polyphenols have been investigated for their therapeutic potential either as single agents or in combinations. Despite the significant anticancer potential of these polyphenols in in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal models, their clinical applications have been limited because of challenges such as ineffective systemic delivery, stability and low bioavailability. Nanoencapsulation of these polyphenols could prolong circulation, improve localization, enhance efficacy and reduce the chances of multidrug resistance. This review summarized the use of various polyphenols especially epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, curcumin and resveratrol as nanoformulations for cancer prevention and treatment. Despite some success, more research is warranted to design a nanoencapsulated combination of polyphenols, effective in in vitro, in vivo and human systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasimudeen R Jabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research & Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613403, India
| | | | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Moulay
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
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36
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Chen BH, Hsieh CH, Tsai SY, Wang CY, Wang CC. Anticancer effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate nanoemulsion on lung cancer cells through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5163. [PMID: 32198390 PMCID: PMC7083948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea-derived polyphenol, exhibits antitumor activities. An EGCG nanoemulsion (nano-EGCG) was prepared to improve the stability and reduce the side effects of EGCG for treatment of human lung cancer cells, and the antitumor effects were studied. The possible molecular mechanism underlying its antitumor effects on cultured human lung cancer cells was also elucidated. The antitumor effects of EGCG and nano-EGCG were determined using methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, migration, and invasion assays. In addition, changes in the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway were investigated using Western blot analyses. AMPK inhibitors were used to determine the roles of the AMPK signaling pathway involved in the molecular mechanism of the nano-EGCG. Our results showed that both EGCG and nano-EGCG inhibited the growth of H1299 lung cancer cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 36.03 and 4.71 μM, respectively. Additionally, nano-EGCG effectively suppressed lung cancer cell colony formation, migration, and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Nano-EGCG may inhibit lung cancer cell invasion through matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2- and MMP-9-independent mechanisms. Furthermore, the expression of several key regulatory proteins in the AMPK signaling pathway was modulated by nano-EGCG. Nano-EGCG may inhibit lung cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion through the activation of AMPK signaling pathways. This novel mechanism of nano-EGCG suggests its application in lung cancer prevention and treatment. Our results provide an experimental foundation for further research on its potential activities and effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Huei Chen
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yun Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 24205, Taiwan.
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Luo H, Vong CT, Chen H, Gao Y, Lyu P, Qiu L, Zhao M, Liu Q, Cheng Z, Zou J, Yao P, Gao C, Wei J, Ung COL, Wang S, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine. Chin Med 2019; 14:48. [PMID: 31719837 PMCID: PMC6836491 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural products originated from Chinese herbal medicine exhibit anti-cancer activities, including anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic effects, as well as regulate autophagy, reverse multidrug resistance, balance immunity, and enhance chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2011) on the key compounds with anti-cancer effects derived from Chinese herbal medicine (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, berberine, artemisinin, ginsenoside Rg3, ursolic acid, silibinin, emodin, triptolide, cucurbitacin B, tanshinone I, oridonin, shikonin, gambogic acid, artesunate, wogonin, β-elemene, and cepharanthine) in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we focused on their recently discovered and/or investigated pharmacological effects, novel mechanism of action, relevant clinical studies, and their innovative applications in combined therapy and immunomodulation. In addition, the present review has extended to describe other promising compounds including dihydroartemisinin, ginsenoside Rh2, compound K, cucurbitacins D, E, I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in view of their potentials in cancer therapy. Up to now, the evidence about the immunomodulatory effects and clinical trials of natural anti-cancer compounds from Chinese herbal medicine is very limited, and further research is needed to monitor their immunoregulatory effects and explore their mechanisms of action as modulators of immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peng Lyu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zehua Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Lushchak O, Strilbytska O, Koliada A, Zayachkivska A, Burdyliuk N, Yurkevych I, Storey KB, Vaiserman A. Nanodelivery of phytobioactive compounds for treating aging-associated disorders. GeroScience 2019; 42:117-139. [PMID: 31686375 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging population presents a major challenge for many countries in the world and has made the development of efficient means for healthspan extension a priority task for researchers and clinicians worldwide. Anti-aging properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and cardioprotective activities have been reported for various phytobioactive compounds (PBCs) including resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, catechin, etc. However, the therapeutic potential of orally administered PBCs is limited by their poor stability, bioavailability, and solubility in the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, innovative nanotechnology-based approaches have been developed to improve the bioactivity of PBCs and enhance their potential in preventing and/or treating age-associated disorders, primarily those caused by aging-related chronic inflammation. PBC-loaded nanoparticles designed for oral administration provide many benefits over conventional formulations, including enhanced stability and solubility, prolonged half-life, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, enhanced tissue targeting, and minimized side effects. The present review summarizes recent advances in this rapidly developing research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Olha Strilbytska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Koliada
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, 67 Vyshgorodska str., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Alina Zayachkivska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Nadia Burdyliuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Ihor Yurkevych
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenka str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Alexander Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, 67 Vyshgorodska str., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine.
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Bioactive Compounds: Multi-Targeting Silver Bullets for Preventing and Treating Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101563. [PMID: 31618928 PMCID: PMC6826729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Each cell in our body is designed with a self-destructive trigger, and if damaged, can happily sacrifice itself for the sake of the body. This process of self-destruction to safeguard the adjacent normal cells is known as programmed cell death or apoptosis. Cancer cells outsmart normal cells and evade apoptosis and it is one of the major hallmarks of cancer. The cardinal quest for anti-cancer drug discovery (bioactive or synthetic compounds) is to be able to re-induce the so called “programmed cell death” in cancer cells. The importance of bioactive compounds as the linchpin of cancer therapeutics is well known as many effective chemotherapeutic drugs such as vincristine, vinblastine, doxorubicin, etoposide and paclitaxel have natural product origins. The present review discusses various bioactive compounds with known anticancer potential, underlying mechanisms by which they induce cell death and their preclinical/clinical development. Most bioactive compounds can concurrently target multiple signaling pathways that are important for cancer cell survival while sparing normal cells hence they can potentially be the silver bullets for targeting cancer growth and metastatic progression.
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Safer AM, Leporatti S, Jose J, Soliman MS. Conjugation Of EGCG And Chitosan NPs As A Novel Nano-Drug Delivery System. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8033-8046. [PMID: 31632016 PMCID: PMC6781949 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s217898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) have been used as a good vehicle for nano-drug delivery due to their good physicochemical properties. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), one of the major active ingredients of green tea, is a natural antioxidant that helps in reducing and preventing cell damage and fighting cancer, plus providing other benefits. The aim of this study is to optimise the preparation parameters in terms of the physical characteristics and stability in CS/EGCG NPs conjugation. RESULTS The conjugation of CS/EGCGNPs was obtained by means of Poloxamer 188. The average CS/EGCG NPs complex was of size 117.8±38.71nm with a surface charge of +67.8±4.38mV and isoelectric point at pH 7.61. CONCLUSION In conclusion, NPs produced were stable at 4°C with nanometric size, good polydispersity, good loading and efficiency, envisaging to be a possible candidate for nano-therapeutic delivery system against hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Majeed Safer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Jacquilion Jose
- Nanoscopy Science Center, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mahmoud S Soliman
- Nanotechnology Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Petroleum, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Aiello P, Consalvi S, Poce G, Raguzzini A, Toti E, Palmery M, Biava M, Bernardi M, Kamal MA, Perry G, Peluso I. Dietary flavonoids: Nano delivery and nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:150-165. [PMID: 31454670 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Application of nanotechnologies to cancer therapy might increase solubility and/or bioavailability of bioactive compounds of natural or synthetic origin and offers other potential benefits in cancer therapy, including selective targeting. In the present review we aim to evaluate in vivo studies on the anticancer activity of nanoparticles (NPs) obtained from food-derived flavonoids. From a systematic search a total of 60 studies were identified. Most of the studies involved the flavanol epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate and the flavonol quercetin, in both delivery and co-delivery (with anti-cancer drugs) systems. Moreover, some studies investigated the effects of other flavonoids, such as anthocyanins aglycones anthocyanidins, flavanones, flavones and isoflavonoids. NPs inhibited tumor growth in both xenograft and chemical-induced animal models of cancerogenesis. Encapsulation improved bioavailability and/or reduced toxicity of both flavonoids and/or co-delivered drugs, such as doxorubicin, docetaxel, paclitaxel, honokiol and vincristine. Moreover, flavonoids have been successfully applied in molecular targeted nanosystems. Selectivity for cancer cells involves pH- and/or reactive oxygen species-mediated mechanisms. Furthermore, flavonoids are good candidates as drug delivery for anticancer drugs in green synthesis systems. In conclusion, although human studies are needed, NPs obtained from food-derived flavonoids have promising anticancer effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Aiello
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Sara Consalvi
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Poce
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Raguzzini
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Toti
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Palmery
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Biava
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bernardi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy.
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Yang QQ, Wei XL, Fang YP, Gan RY, Wang M, Ge YY, Zhang D, Cheng LZ, Corke H. Nanochemoprevention with therapeutic benefits: An updated review focused on epigallocatechin gallate delivery. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1243-1264. [PMID: 30799648 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1565490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a natural phenolic compound found in many plants, especially in green tea, which is a popular and restorative beverage with many claimed health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity activities. Despite its great curative potential, the poor bioavailability of EGCG restricts its clinical applcation. However, nanoformulations of EGCG are emerging as new alternatives to traditional formulations. This review focuses on the nanochemopreventive applications of various EGCG nanoparticles such as lipid-based, polymer-based, carbohydrate-based, protein-based, and metal-based nanoparticles. EGCG hybridized with these nanocarriers is capable of achieving advanced functions such as targeted release, active targeting, and enhanced penetration, ultimately increasing the bioavailability of EGCG. In addition, this review also summarizes the challenges for the use of EGCG in therapeutic applications, and suggests future directions for progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Qiong Yang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Lin Wei
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Peng Fang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ying Ge
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Zeng Cheng
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Madhurakkat Perikamana SK, Lee SM, Lee J, Ahmad T, Lee MS, Yang HS, Shin H. Oxidative Epigallocatechin Gallate Coating on Polymeric Substrates for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800392. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajeesh Kumar Madhurakkat Perikamana
- Department of BioengineeringHanyang University 222 Wangsimni‐ro Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team 222 Wangsimni‐ro Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of BioengineeringHanyang University 222 Wangsimni‐ro Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team 222 Wangsimni‐ro Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Lee
- Department of BioengineeringHanyang University 222 Wangsimni‐ro Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team 222 Wangsimni‐ro Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of BioengineeringHanyang University 222 Wangsimni‐ro Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team 222 Wangsimni‐ro Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Suk Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative MedicineDankook University Cheonan 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seok Yang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative MedicineDankook University Cheonan 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of BioengineeringHanyang University 222 Wangsimni‐ro Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team 222 Wangsimni‐ro Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
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Pires F, Geraldo VP, Antunes A, Marletta A, Oliveira ON, Raposo M. On the role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in protecting phospholipid molecules against UV irradiation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 173:312-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Chakrabarty S, Nag D, Ganguli A, Das A, Ghosh Dastidar D, Chakrabarti G. Theaflavin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate synergistically induce apoptosis through inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling upon depolymerizing microtubules in HeLa cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5987-6003. [PMID: 30390323 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Theaflavin (TF) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) both have been reported previously as microtubule depolymerizing agents that also have anticancer effects on various cancer cell lines and in animal models. Here, we have applied TF and EGCG in combination on HeLa cells to investigate if they can potentiate each other to improve their anticancer effect in lower doses and the underlying mechanism. We found that TF and EGCG acted synergistically, in lower doses, to inhibit the growth of HeLa cells. We found the combination of 50 µg/mL TF and 20 µg/mL EGCG to be the most effective combination with a combination index of 0.28. The same combination caused larger accumulation of cells in the G 2 /M phase of the cell cycle, potent mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and synergistic augmentation of apoptosis. We have shown that synergistic activity might be due to stronger microtubule depolymerization by simultaneous binding of TF and EGCG at different sites on tubulin: TF binds at vinblastine binding site on tubulin, and EGCG binds near colchicines binding site on tubulin. A detailed mechanistic analysis revealed that stronger microtubule depolymerization caused effective downregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling and potently induced mitochondrial apoptotic signals, which ultimately resulted in the apoptotic death of HeLa cells in a synergistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Chakrabarty
- Department of Biotechnology, and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Microbiology, M.U.C. Women's College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Debasish Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Ganguli
- Department of Biotechnology, and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amlan Das
- Department of Biotechnology, NIT Sikkim, Sikkim, India
| | - Debabrata Ghosh Dastidar
- Department of Biotechnology, and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Division of Pharmaceutics, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Gopal Chakrabarti
- Department of Biotechnology, and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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The environmental pollutant, polychlorinated biphenyls, and cardiovascular disease: a potential target for antioxidant nanotherapeutics. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:740-759. [PMID: 28975503 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite production having stopped in the 1970s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) represent persistent organic pollutants that continue to pose a serious human health risk. Exposure to PCBs has been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, as well as hepatic disorders, endocrine dysfunction, neurological deficits, and many others. This is further complicated by the PCB's strong hydrophobicity, resulting in their ability to accumulate up the food chain and to be stored in fat deposits. This means that completely avoiding exposure is not possible, thus requiring the need to develop intervention strategies that can mitigate disease risks associated with exposure to PCBs. Currently, there is excitement in the use of nutritional compounds as a way of inhibiting the inflammation associated with PCBs, yet the suboptimal delivery and pharmacology of these compounds may not be sufficient in more acute exposures. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of PCB toxicity and some of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nanocarrier systems that may be useful as an enhanced treatment modality for reducing PCB toxicity.
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Zhang G, Zhang J. Enhanced oral bioavailability of EGCG using pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles: characterization and in vivo investigation on nephrotic syndrome rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2509-2518. [PMID: 30147298 PMCID: PMC6097509 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s172919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by progressive loss of renal functions. At present, there are only limited therapeutic strategies to slow down the progress of CKD and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat CKD patients. Numerous research evidence supports the potential role of EGCG in the renal protection of CKD. However, the clinical use is still limited due to the poor oral bioavailability. The aim of this study was to develop pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles of EGCG to improve this deficiency. Materials and methods EGCG-loaded nanoparticles (EGCG NPs) were prepared by an improved emulsion evaporation method. The formulation prepared was in spherical with uniform sizes, high encapsulation efficiencies and drug loading. The therapeutic efficacy of EGCG NPs on chronic kidney disease was investigated on model of rat Nephrotic syndrome by measuring urinary protein excretion and kidney pathology score. Results The mean particle size was found to be 91.3±0.8 nm and the encapsulation efficiency% and drug loading% of the formulation were 80.8%±1.6% and 6.3%±1.4%, respectively. The powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry of EGCG NPs showed that EGCG existed in amorphous form in NPs. The release of EGCG from NPs exhibited the lower burst release at pH 1.2 (<10%) and with the increase of pH value, the release of EGCG also gradually increased. During the observation period (24 hours), the total release amount was almost 68%. EGCG NPs could significantly modify the pharmacokinetic profile and increase the bioavailability of EGCG by more than 2.4-fold in comparison with the EGCG powder group. At the end of the fourth and sixth week, proteinuria excretion of nephrotic syndrome rats treated with EGCG NPs was significantly lower than those treated with EGCG powder, and kidney pathology scores in EGCG NPs treated rats were also significantly lower than EGCG powder treated rats. Conclusion The results of pharmacodynamics showed that compared with EGCG powder treatment group, EGCG NPs treatment group had better efficacy and reduce kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jianfang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Iqbal J, Abbasi BA, Batool R, Mahmood T, Ali B, Khalil AT, Kanwal S, Shah SA, Ahmad R. Potential phytocompounds for developing breast cancer therapeutics: Nature’s healing touch. Eur J Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Luo KW, Lung WY, Chun-Xie, Luo XL, Huang WR. EGCG inhibited bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cell proliferation and migration via PI3K/AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12261-12272. [PMID: 29552308 PMCID: PMC5844744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the bioactive polyphenol in green tea, has been demonstrated to have various biological activities. We previously found that EGCG inhibited SW780 tumor growth by down-regulation of NF-κB and MMP-9. This study demonstrated that EGCG inhibited bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cell proliferation and migration via PI3K/AKT pathway, without modulation of NF-κB. Our results showed that treatment of EGCG resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis, without obvious toxicity to normal bladder SV-HUC-1 cells. EGCG also inhibited 5637 and T24 cell migration and invasion at 25-100 μM. Western blot confirmed that EGCG induced apoptosis in T24 and 5637cells by activation of caspases-3 and PARP. Besides, EGCG up-regulated PTEN and decreased the expression of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT in both T24 and 5637 cells. In addition, animal study demonstrated that EGCG (100 mg/kg, i.p. injected daily for 4 weeks) decreased the tumor weight in mice bearing T24 tumors by 51.2%, as compared with the untreated control. EGCG also decreased the expression of phosphorylated PI3K and AKT in tumor, indicating the important role of PI3K/AKT in EGCG inhibited tumor growth. When AKT was inhibited, EGCG showed no obvious effect in cell migration in T24 and 5637 cells. In conclusion, our study elucidated that EGCG was effective in inhibition of T24 and 5637 cell proliferation and migration, and presented evidence that EGCG inhibited cell proliferation and tumor growth by modulation of PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wang Luo
- Key Laboratory, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Programming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wing-Yin Lung
- Key Laboratory of Medical Programming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun-Xie
- Key Laboratory, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Le Luo
- Key Laboratory, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Ren Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Programming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Abstract
The efficient production, folding, and secretion of proteins is critical for cancer cell survival. However, cancer cells thrive under stress conditions that damage proteins, so many cancer cells overexpress molecular chaperones that facilitate protein folding and target misfolded proteins for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome or autophagy pathway. Stress response pathway induction is also important for cancer cell survival. Indeed, validated targets for anti-cancer treatments include molecular chaperones, components of the unfolded protein response, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and autophagy. We will focus on links between breast cancer and these processes, as well as the development of drug resistance, relapse, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A320 Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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