1
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Nonappa. Seeing the Supracolloidal Assemblies in 3D: Unraveling High-Resolution Structures Using Electron Tomography. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:238-257. [PMID: 38737122 PMCID: PMC11083119 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging has revolutionized modern materials science, nanotechnology, and structural biology. Its ability to provide information about materials' structure, composition, and properties at atomic-level resolution has enabled groundbreaking discoveries and the development of innovative materials with precision and accuracy. Electron tomography, single particle reconstruction, and microcrystal electron diffraction techniques have paved the way for the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of biological samples, synthetic materials, and hybrid nanostructures at near atomic-level resolution. TEM tomography using a series of two-dimensional (2D) projections has been used extensively in biological science, but in recent years it has become an important method in synthetic nanomaterials and soft matter research. TEM tomography offers unprecedented morphological details of 3D objects, internal structures, packing patterns, growth mechanisms, and self-assembly pathways of self-assembled colloidal systems. It complements other analytical tools, including small-angle X-ray scattering, and provides valuable data for computational simulations for predictive design and reverse engineering of nanomaterials with the desired structure and properties. In this perspective, I will discuss the importance of TEM tomography in the structural understanding and engineering of self-assembled nanostructures with specific emphasis on colloidal capsids, composite cages, biohybrid superlattices with complex geometries, polymer assemblies, and self-assembled protein-based superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
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2
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Yang X, Xie Y, Liao X, Zheng T. Virus-Bionic Mesoporous Silica Nanoplatform for Malignant Tumor Inhibition via Effective Cellular Uptake and Precise Drug Delivery. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300439. [PMID: 37755120 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, sophisticated nanomaterials have been used as carries for the targeted delivery of therapeutics to solid tumors. However, the low efficiency of intracellular internalization of nanocarriers in current use restricts their biomedical application. In this work, we demonstrate that novel virus-bionic mesoporous-silica-based nanocarriers can be successfully prepared for programmed precise drug delivery. These unique viral mimic nanovesicles not only present virus bionic counterparts and nanostructures, but also have infectious virus-like properties toward tumor cells and tumor tissues. Encouragingly, their large surface area (322.1 m2 /g) endows them with high loading capacity for therapeutic agents, especially, they have more effective gene transfection properties than the commercially available LipoGeneTM transfection reagent. Thanks to their virus-inspired morphology, they exhibit outstanding cellular uptake efficiency with living tumor cells and the ability to invade cells in large quantities with incubation times as short as 5 min, which is much faster than traditional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (mSN) with smooth appearance. Importantly, after doxorubicin (DOX) loading and surface modification of tumor recognition motifs, RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp, vMN@DOX-RGD), the bionic drug-loaded viral mimics elicit potent tumor cell elimination both in vitro and in vivo, greatly exceeding the mSN-based group. Our work paves the way toward virus bionic nanocarrier design for malignant tumor suppression in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Yang
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Yilin Xie
- Department of Endoscopy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing Hunan Institute of Traffic Engineering, Hengyang, 421001, (China)
| | - Tingting Zheng
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
- Assets Administrative Department, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
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3
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Azizi M, Shahgolzari M, Fathi-Karkan S, Ghasemi M, Samadian H. Multifunctional plant virus nanoparticles: An emerging strategy for therapy of cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1872. [PMID: 36450366 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy requires sophisticated treatment strategies to obtain the highest success. Nanotechnology is enabling, revolutionizing, and multidisciplinary concepts to improve conventional cancer treatment modalities. Nanomaterials have a central role in this scenario, explaining why various nanomaterials are currently being developed for cancer therapy. Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) have shown promising performance in cancer therapy due to their unique features. VNPs possess morphological homogeneity, ease of functionalization, biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility, and high absorption efficiency that are beneficial for cancer therapy applications. In the current review paper, we highlight state-of-the-art properties and potentials of plant viruses, strategies for multifunctional plant VNPs formulations, potential applications and challenges in VNPs-based cancer therapy, and finally practical solutions to bring potential cancer therapy one step closer to real applications. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azizi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sonia Fathi-Karkan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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4
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Kler S, Zalk R, Upcher A, Kopatz I. Packaging of DNA origami in viral capsids: towards synthetic viruses. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11535-11542. [PMID: 35861608 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a new type of nanoparticle, consisting of a nucleic acid core (>7500 nt) folded into a 35 nm DNA origami sphere, encapsulated by a capsid composed of all three SV40 virus capsid proteins. Compared to the prototype reported previously, whose capsid consists of VP1 only, the new nanoparticle closely adopts the unique intracellular pathway of the native SV40, suggesting that the proteins of the synthetic capsid retain their native viral functionality. Some of the challenges in the design of such near-future composite drugs destined for gene delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ran Zalk
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel.
| | - Alexander Upcher
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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5
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Patterson D, Draper D, Anazia K, Hjorth C, Bird J, Fancher S, Azghani A. Encapsulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Elastase Inside the P22 Virus‐Like Particle for Controlling Enzyme‐Substrate Interactions. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2200015. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas USA
| | - Derek Draper
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas USA
| | - Kara Anazia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas USA
| | - Christy Hjorth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas USA
| | - Jessica Bird
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas USA
| | - Shandis Fancher
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas USA
| | - Ali Azghani
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas USA
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6
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Abstract
Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) is a single-particle technique where the masses of individual ions are determined from simultaneous measurement of their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and charge. Masses are determined for thousands of individual ions, and then the results are binned to give a mass spectrum. Using this approach, accurate mass distributions can be measured for heterogeneous and high-molecular-weight samples that are usually not amenable to analysis by conventional mass spectrometry. Recent applications include heavily glycosylated proteins, protein complexes, protein aggregates such as amyloid fibers, infectious viruses, gene therapies, vaccines, and vesicles such as exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47404, United States
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7
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Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Yu Y, Li J, Hu Y, Gao Y, Huang S, Wang W, Zhang X. A Virus-like-inspired Nanoparticles Facilitates Bacterial Internalization for Enhanced Eradication of Drug-resistant Pathogen. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01868c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of bacterial resistance pose an extremely serious threat to treat infections. Inspired that the spiny surface structure of virus plays an important role in mediating...
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8
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Xue YR, Wang Y, Chen G, Sun B, Li B, Wu L, Wu Y. A hybrid HPV capsid protein L1 with giant Mo-containing polyoxometalate improves the stability of virus-like particles and the anti-tumor effect of [Mo 154]. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3875-3883. [PMID: 33890954 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00138h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a bio-inorganic hybrid system, [Mo154]@VLPs, constructed from the virus-like particles (VLPs) of the HPV capsid protein L1 and a giant disc-shaped, molybdenum-containing polyoxometalate of [Mo154]. The hybrid was purified by CsCl gradient centrifugation and further validated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). An assembly with [Mo154] improved the tolerance of VLPs to pH, temperature, and storage time, thereby defining an opportunity to reduce the cost of HPV vaccines. Moreover, the ability of [Mo154] to kill cancer cells was improved by 6% after being encapsulated inside the VLPs, which is mainly attributed to the enhanced biocompatibility of [Mo154]. The irradiation of both [Mo154] and [Mo154]@VLPs with an infrared light of 808 nm further enhanced their ability to destroy cancer cells by 3- and 2-fold, respectively, confirming that [Mo154] is an effective anti-tumor photo-thermal agent. Therefore, the successful hybrid of L1-p and [Mo154] improves the stability of VLPs and simultaneously paves the way to enhance the anti-tumor ability of [Mo154] and further extends its application prospects as a future anti-tumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Rong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Bo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Yuqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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9
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Factors deciding the assembly and thermostability of the DmrB cage. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:959-967. [PMID: 33872614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dihydromethanopterin reductase (DmrB), is a naturally occurring cage protein found in various archaeal and a few bacterial species. It exists as 24mer with cubic geometry where 8 trimeric subunits are present at the corners of each cube. Each trimer is made up of three monomeric units and six FMN, where two molecules of FMN are present at the interface of each monomer. DmrB is involved in the conversion of dihydromethanopterin to tetrahydromethanopterin using FMN as a redox equivalent. In the present study, we have used spectroscopic and biochemical techniques along with complementary bio-informatic work to understand the assembly principles of the DmrB. Our results show a concentration dependant self-assembly of DmrB which is mediated by ionic interactions. The co-factor FMN stabilizes and preserves the secondary and quaternary structure of DmrB against thermal insult, indicating that the higher order assembly of DmrB is very thermostable. Our work provides an interesting piece of information regarding the role of the co-factors in the thermostability of these classes of cage proteins. The understanding of the assembly and disassembly of this thermostable cage would enable the downstream usage of this system in various nano-biotechnological applications.
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10
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Wu Y, Li J, Shin HJ. Self-assembled Viral Nanoparticles as Targeted Anticancer Vehicles. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021; 26:25-38. [PMID: 33584104 PMCID: PMC7872722 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) comprise a variety of mammalian viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages, that have been adopted as building blocks and supra-molecular templates in nanotechnology. VNPs demonstrate the dynamic, monodisperse, polyvalent, and symmetrical architectures which represent examples of such biological templates. These programmable scaffolds have been exploited for genetic and chemical manipulation for displaying of targeted moieties together with encapsulation of various payloads for diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. The drug delivery system based on VNPs offer diverse advantages over synthetic nanoparticles, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility, and high uptake capability. Here we summarize the recent progress of VNPs especially as targeted anticancer vehicles from the encapsulation and surface modification mechanisms, involved viruses and VNPs, to their application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Wu
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103 China
| | - Jishun Li
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103 China
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Korea
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11
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Bond K, Tsvetkova IB, Wang JCY, Jarrold MF, Dragnea B. Virus Assembly Pathways: Straying Away but Not Too Far. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004475. [PMID: 33241653 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-enveloped RNA viruses pervade all domains of life. In a cell, they co-assemble from viral RNA and capsid proteins. Virus-like particles can form in vitro where virtually any non-cognate polyanionic cargo can be packaged. How only viral RNA gets selected for packaging in vivo, in presence of myriad other polyanionic species, has been a puzzle. Through a combination of charge detection mass spectrometry and cryo-electron microscopy, it is determined that co-assembling brome mosaic virus (BMV) coat proteins and nucleic acid oligomers results in capsid structures and stoichiometries that differ from the icosahedral virion. These previously unknown shell structures are strained and less stable than the native one. However, they contain large native structure fragments that can be recycled to form BMV virions, should a viral genome become available. The existence of such structures suggest the possibility of a previously unknown regulatory pathway for the packaging process inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bond
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Irina B Tsvetkova
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | | | - Martin F Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Bogdan Dragnea
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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12
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Tan X, Chen H, Gu C, Zang J, Zhang T, Wang H, Zhao G. Converting histidine-induced 3D protein arrays in crystals into their 3D analogues in solution by metal coordination cross-linking. Commun Chem 2020; 3:151. [PMID: 36703383 PMCID: PMC9814774 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histidine (His) residues represent versatile motifs for designing protein-protein interactions because the protonation state of the imidazole group of His is the only moiety in protein to be significantly pH dependent under physiological conditions. Here we show that, by the designed His motifs nearby the C4 axes, ferritin nanocages arrange in crystals with a simple cubic stacking pattern. The X-ray crystal structures obtained at pH 4.0, 7.0, and 9.0 in conjunction with thermostability analyses reveal the strength of the π-π interactions between two adjacent protein nanocages can be fine-tuned by pH. By using the crystal structural information as a guide, we constructed 3D protein frameworks in solution by a combination of the relatively weak His-His interaction and Ni2+-participated metal coordination with Glu residues from two adjacent protein nanocages. These findings open up a new way of organizing protein building blocks into 3D protein crystalline frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Tan
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Hai Chen
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Chunkai Gu
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- grid.163032.50000 0004 1760 2008Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, 100083 Beijing, China
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13
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Shahgolzari M, Pazhouhandeh M, Milani M, Yari Khosroushahi A, Fiering S. Plant viral nanoparticles for packaging and in vivo delivery of bioactive cargos. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1629. [PMID: 32249552 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have unique capabilities and considerable promise for many different biological uses. One capability is delivering bioactive cargos to specific cells, tissues, or organisms. Depending on the task, there are multiple variables to consider including nanoparticle selection, targeting strategies, and incorporating cargo so it can be delivered in a biologically active form. One nanoparticle option, genetically controlled plant viral nanoparticles (PVNPs), is highly uniform within a given virus but quite variable between viruses with a broad range of useful properties. PVNPs are flexible and versatile tools for incorporating and delivering a wide range of small or large molecule cargos. Furthermore, PVNPs can be modified to create nanostructures that can solve problems in medical, environmental, and basic research. This review discusses the currently available techniques for delivering bioactive cargos with PVNPs and potential cargos that can be delivered with these strategies. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maghsoud Pazhouhandeh
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Faculty, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Milani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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14
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Herbert FC, Brohlin OR, Galbraith T, Benjamin C, Reyes CA, Luzuriaga MA, Shahrivarkevishahi A, Gassensmith JJ. Supramolecular Encapsulation of Small-Ultrared Fluorescent Proteins in Virus-Like Nanoparticles for Noninvasive In Vivo Imaging Agents. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1529-1536. [PMID: 32343135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Icosahedral virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from bacteriophages Qβ and PP7 encapsulating small-ultrared fluorescent protein (smURFP) were produced using a versatile supramolecular capsid disassemble-reassemble approach. The generated fluorescent VLPs display identical structural properties to their nonfluorescent analogs. Encapsulated smURFP shows indistinguishable photochemical properties to its unencapsulated counterpart, exhibits outstanding stability toward pH, and produces bright in vitro images following phagocytosis by macrophages. In vivo imaging allows the biodistribution to be imaged at different time points. Ex vivo imaging of intravenously administered encapsulated smURFP reveals a localization in the liver and kidneys after 2 h blood circulation and substantial elimination after 16 h of imaging, highlighting the potential application of these constructs as noninvasive in vivo imaging agents.
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15
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Demchuk AM, Patel TR. The biomedical and bioengineering potential of protein nanocompartments. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107547. [PMID: 32294494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein nanocompartments (PNCs) are self-assembling biological nanocages that can be harnessed as platforms for a wide range of nanobiotechnology applications. The most widely studied examples of PNCs include virus-like particles, bacterial microcompartments, encapsulin nanocompartments, enzyme-derived nanocages (such as lumazine synthase and the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), ferritins and ferritin homologues, small heat shock proteins, and vault ribonucleoproteins. Structural PNC shell proteins are stable, biocompatible, and tolerant of both interior and exterior chemical or genetic functionalization for use as vaccines, therapeutic delivery vehicles, medical imaging aids, bioreactors, biological control agents, emulsion stabilizers, or scaffolds for biomimetic materials synthesis. This review provides an overview of the recent biomedical and bioengineering advances achieved with PNCs with a particular focus on recombinant PNC derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey M Demchuk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology and Discovery Lab, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Center for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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16
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Berckman EA, Hartzell EJ, Mitkas AA, Sun Q, Chen W. Biological Assembly of Modular Protein Building Blocks as Sensing, Delivery, and Therapeutic Agents. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2020; 11:35-62. [PMID: 32155350 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nature has evolved a wide range of strategies to create self-assembled protein nanostructures with structurally defined architectures that serve a myriad of highly specialized biological functions. With the advent of biological tools for site-specific protein modifications and de novo protein design, a wide range of customized protein nanocarriers have been created using both natural and synthetic biological building blocks to mimic these native designs for targeted biomedical applications. In this review, different design frameworks and synthetic decoration strategies for achieving these functional protein nanostructures are summarized. Key attributes of these designer protein nanostructures, their unique functions, and their impact on biosensing and therapeutic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Berckman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA; .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Emily J Hartzell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA;
| | - Alexander A Mitkas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA;
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA;
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17
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Jing J, Xue YR, Liu YX, Xu B, Li HW, Liu L, Wu Y, Tian W. Co-assembly of HPV capsid proteins and aggregation-induced emission fluorogens for improved cell imaging. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5501-5506. [PMID: 32091054 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the cell-imaging ability, and particularly, to extend the bio-application of AIEgen, human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid protein L1 was assembled with the complex of DNA and aggregation-induced emission fluorogen 9,10-distyrylhydrazine (DSAI), where the virus-like particles (VLPs) of HPV encapsulate the complex via electrostatic interaction. The co-assembled nanoparticles, DSAI-DNA@VLPs, showed homogeneous size (∼53 nm), enhanced fluorescence (8 × 2.5-fold), considerable stability (anti-DNase digestion), improved biocompatibility and commendable protection for the DSAI-DNA complex, ensuring virtual brighter imaging in live cells, both for HeLa and normal 293T cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
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18
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Wang B, Zhang J, Wu Y. A Multiscale Model for the Self-Assembly of Coat Proteins in Bacteriophage MS2. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:3899-3909. [PMID: 31411466 PMCID: PMC7273741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of viral capsids is an essential step to the formation of infectious viruses. Elucidating the kinetic mechanisms of how a capsid or virus-like particle assembles could advance our knowledge about the viral lifecycle, as well as the general principles in self-assembly of biomaterials. However, current understanding of capsid assembly remains incomplete for many viruses due to the fact that the transient intermediates along the assembling pathways are experimentally difficult to be detected. In this paper, we constructed a new multiscale computational framework to simulate the self-assembly of virus-like particles. We applied our method to the coat proteins of bacteriophage MS2 as a specific model system. This virus-like particle of bacteriophage MS2 has a unique feature that its 90 sequence-identical dimers can be classified into two structurally various groups: one is the symmetric CC dimer, and the other is the asymmetric AB dimer. The homotypic interactions between AB dimers result in a 5-fold symmetric contact, while the heterotypic interactions between AB and CC dimers result in 6-fold symmetric contact. We found that the assembly can be described as a physical process of phase transition that is regulated by various factors such as concentration and specific stoichiometry between AB and CC dimers. Our simulations also demonstrate that heterotypic and homotypic interfaces play distinctive roles in modulating the assembling kinetics. The interaction between AB and CC dimers is much more dynamic than that between two AB dimers. We therefore suggest that the alternate growth of viral capsid through the heterotypic dimer interactions dominates the assembling pathways. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first multiscale model to simulate the assembling process of coat proteins in bacteriophage MS2. The generality of this approach opens the door to its further applications in assembly of other viral capsids, virus-like particles, and novel drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Yinghao Wu
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461
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19
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Edwardson TGW, Hilvert D. Virus-Inspired Function in Engineered Protein Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9432-9443. [PMID: 31117660 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural and functional diversity of proteins combined with their genetic programmability has made them indispensable modern materials. Well-defined, hollow protein capsules have proven to be particularly useful due to their ability to compartmentalize macromolecules and chemical processes. To this end, viral capsids are common scaffolds and have been successfully repurposed to produce a suite of practical protein-based nanotechnologies. Recently, the recapitulation of viromimetic function in protein cages of nonviral origin has emerged as a strategy to both complement physical studies of natural viruses and produce useful scaffolds for diverse applications. In this perspective, we review recent progress toward generation of virus-like behavior in nonviral protein cages through rational engineering and directed evolution. These artificial systems can aid our understanding of the emergence of viruses from existing cellular components, as well as provide alternative approaches to tackle current problems, and open up new opportunities, in medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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20
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Kopatz I, Zalk R, Levi-Kalisman Y, Zlotkin-Rivkin E, Frank GA, Kler S. Packaging of DNA origami in viral capsids. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10160-10166. [PMID: 30994643 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10113b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we show the encapsulation of 35 nm diameter, nearly-spherical, DNA origami by self-assembly of SV40-like (simian virus 40) particles. The self-assembly of this new type of nanoparticles is highly reproducible and efficient. The structure of these particles was determined by cryo-EM. The capsid forms a regular SV40 lattice of T = 7d icosahedral symmetry and the structural features of encapsulated DNA origami are fully visible. These particles are a promising biomaterial for use in various medical applications.
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21
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Role of metallic core for the stability of virus-like particles in strongly coupled electrostatics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3884. [PMID: 30846718 PMCID: PMC6405863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions play important roles in the formation and stability of viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs) through processes that often involve added, or naturally occurring, multivalent ions. Here, we investigate the electrostatic or osmotic pressure acting on the proteinaceous shell of a generic model of VLPs, comprising a charged outer shell and a metallic nanoparticle core, coated by a charged layer and bathed in an aqueous electrolyte solution. Motivated by the recent studies accentuating the role of multivalent ions for the stability of VLPs, we focus on the effects of multivalent cations and anions in an otherwise monovalent ionic solution. We perform extensive Monte-Carlo simulations based on appropriate Coulombic interactions that consistently take into account the effects of salt screening, the dielectric polarization of the metallic core, and the strong-coupling electrostatics due to multivalent ions. We specifically study the intricate roles these factors play in the electrostatic stability of the model VLPs. It is shown that while the insertion of a metallic nanoparticle by itself can produce negative, inward-directed, pressure on the outer shell, addition of only a small amount of multivalent counterions can robustly engender negative pressures, enhancing the VLP stability across a wide range of values for the system parameters.
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22
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23
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Zeng C, Rodriguez Lázaro G, Tsvetkova IB, Hagan MF, Dragnea B. Defects and Chirality in the Nanoparticle-Directed Assembly of Spherocylindrical Shells of Virus Coat Proteins. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5323-5332. [PMID: 29694012 PMCID: PMC6202266 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Virus coat proteins of small isometric plant viruses readily assemble into symmetric, icosahedral cages encapsulating noncognate cargo, provided the cargo meets a minimal set of chemical and physical requirements. While this capability has been intensely explored for certain virus-enabled nanotechnologies, additional applications require lower symmetry than that of an icosahedron. Here, we show that the coat proteins of an icosahedral virus can efficiently assemble around metal nanorods into spherocylindrical closed shells with hexagonally close-packed bodies and icosahedral caps. Comparison of chiral angles and packing defects observed by in situ atomic force microscopy with those obtained from molecular dynamics models offers insight into the mechanism of growth, and the influence of stresses associated with intrinsic curvature and assembly pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | | | - Irina B Tsvetkova
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Michael F Hagan
- Department of Physics , Brandeis University , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Bogdan Dragnea
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
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24
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Abstract
Within the materials science community, proteins with cage-like architectures are being developed as versatile nanoscale platforms for use in protein nanotechnology. Much effort has been focused on the functionalization of protein cages with biological and non-biological moieties to bring about new properties of not only individual protein cages, but collective bulk-scale assemblies of protein cages. In this review, we report on the current understanding of protein cage assembly, both of the cages themselves from individual subunits, and the assembly of the individual protein cages into higher order structures. We start by discussing the key properties of natural protein cages (for example: size, shape and structure) followed by a review of some of the mechanisms of protein cage assembly and the factors that influence it. We then explore the current approaches for functionalizing protein cages, on the interior or exterior surfaces of the capsids. Lastly, we explore the emerging area of higher order assemblies created from individual protein cages and their potential for new and exciting collective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Aumiller
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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25
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Zeng X, Li ZW, Zheng X, Zhu L, Sun ZY, Lu ZY, Huang X. Improving the productivity of monodisperse polyhedral cages by the rational design of kinetic self-assembly pathways. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:10030-10037. [PMID: 29620122 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00522b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hollow polyhedral cages hold great potential for application in nanotechnological and biomedical fields. Understanding the formation mechanism of these self-assembled structures could provide guidance for the rational design of the desired polyhedral cages. Here, by constructing kinetic network models from extensive coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we elucidated the formation mechanism of the dodecahedral cage, which is formed by the self-assembly of patchy particles. We found that the dodecahedral cage is formed through increasing the aggregate size followed by structure rearrangement. Based on this mechanistic understanding, we improved the productivity of the dodecahedral cage through the rational design of the patch arrangement of patchy particles, which promotes the structural rearrangement process. Our results demonstrate that it should be a feasible strategy to achieve the rational design of the desired nanostructures via the kinetic analysis. We anticipate that this methodology could be extended to other self-assembly systems for the fabrication of functional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangze Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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26
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Fu DY, Zhang S, Qu Z, Yu X, Wu Y, Wu L. Hybrid Assembly toward Enhanced Thermal Stability of Virus-like Particles and Antibacterial Activity of Polyoxometalates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:6137-6145. [PMID: 29381053 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to improve both the stability of virus-like particles (VLPs) and the medical activity of polyoxometalates (POMs), a new hybrid assembly system between human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid protein L1 and a europium-containing POM (EuW10) has been constructed, for the first time, via the electrostatic interactions between them. The co-assembly of EuW10 and HPV 16 L1-pentamer (L1-p) in buffer solution resulted in the encapsulation of POMs in the cavity of VLPs, which was further confirmed by cesium chloride (CsCl) gradient ultracentrifugation, SDS-PAGE, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy, whereas the post-assembly of EuW10 with the as-prepared VLPs leads to the adsorption of POMs only on the external surface of particles, and both cases improved the thermal and storage stabilities of VLPs obviously. Particularly, the encapsulation of POMs in VLPs largely improved the antibacterial activity of EuW10, and thereby, the present study will be significant for both the stability improvement of protein vaccines and the development of POM medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡State Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡State Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhiyu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡State Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡State Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡State Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡State Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University , No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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27
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Esfandiari N, Arzanani MK, Koohi-Habibi M. The study of toxicity and pathogenicity risk of Potato Virus X/Herceptin nanoparticles as agents for cancer therapy. Cancer Nanotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-018-0036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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28
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Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nonpathogenic protein cage structures derived from viral coat proteins that have found utility in the area of biomaterials and nanotechnology. VLPs have been exploited as containers for the sequestration and encapsulation of a wide range of guest molecules in their hollow interiors. The robust nature of VLPs lend them as versatile scaffolds that can be exploited to provide protection to encapsulated guest molecules, such as enzymes which are often susceptible to inactivation and degradation, and for organization and construction of new nanomaterials incorporating the chemical properties of the guest molecules. In this chapter a background and methodology for the encapsulation of enzymes on the interior of the bacteriophage P22 derived VLP is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA.
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29
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Hernandez-Garcia A, Cohen Stuart MA, de Vries R. Templated co-assembly into nanorods of polyanions and artificial virus capsid proteins. SOFT MATTER 2017; 14:132-139. [PMID: 29218341 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant triblock polypeptides C-Sn-B, where C is a 400 amino acid long hydrophilic random coil block, Sn is a multimer of the silk-like octapeptide S = (GAGAGAGQ), and B = K12 is an oligolysine, have previously been shown to encapsulate double stranded DNA into rod-shaped, virus-like particles. In order to gain insight of the co-assembly process, and in order to be able to use these proteins for templating other types of nanorods, we here explore their co-assembly with a range of polyanionic templates: poly(acrylic acids) (PAA) of a wide range of lengths, poly(styrene sulphonate) (PSS) and the stiff anionic polysaccharide xanthan. The formation of the complexes was characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), cryogenic Transmission Electronic Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Except at very high molar masses, we find that flexible anionic PAA and PSS lead to co-assembly of proteins with single polyanion chains into nanorods, with a packing factor as expected on the basis of charge stochiometry. Only for very long PAA templates (8 × 105 Da) we find evidence for heterogeneous complexes with thin and thick sections. For the very stiff xanthan chains, we find that its stiffness precludes co-assembly with the artificial viral capsid proteins into condensed and regular nanorods. Given the simple and robust formation of rod-like structures with a range of polyanionic templates, we anticipate that the artificial virus proteins will be useful for preparing high-aspect ratio nanoparticles and scaffolds of precise size and find applications in nanotechnology and materials science for which currently natural rod-like viruses are being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hernandez-Garcia
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Alemzadeh E, Izadpanah K, Ahmadi F. Generation of recombinant protein shells of Johnson grass chlorotic stripe mosaic virus in tobacco plants and their use as drug carrier. J Virol Methods 2017; 248:148-153. [PMID: 28709614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development and use of virus-like particles (VLPs) is a growing field with a powerful potential in generation of nanoparticles. In the present study we have attempted to generate and use empty shells of Johnson grass chlorotic stripe mosaic virus (JgCSMV, a member of the genus Aureusvirus, family Tombusviridae) as VLP nanoparticles for drug loading. In order to successfully produce recombinant JgCSMV-derived VLPs, we followed an approach based on cloning of the JgCSMV CP gene into pBI121 vector and introduction of the latter into Agrobacterium rhizogenes and transformation of tobacco cells for coat protein expression. Expression in tobacco tissue was demonstrated in transformed hairy roots as a model system. Recombinant VLPs were purified, analyzed by immune assay and visulalized by electron microscopy. Next, we explored the possibility of using JgCSMV-derived VLPs as a nanocontainer for loading the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), taking advantage of the reversible swelling of VLPs in vitro. The results showed that transformed hairy roots produced high levels of the recombinant protein that readily assembled to form empty shells with overall structure similar to native virus particles. In addition, we demonstrated that JgCSMV-VLPs could function as vehicles able to load the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. To our knowledge, this is the first research addressing the question of how this icosahedral virus (JgCSMV) can be used for the production of nanocontainers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alemzadeh
- Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - K Izadpanah
- Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - F Ahmadi
- Research Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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31
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Kolliopoulou A, Taning CNT, Smagghe G, Swevers L. Viral Delivery of dsRNA for Control of Insect Agricultural Pests and Vectors of Human Disease: Prospects and Challenges. Front Physiol 2017; 8:399. [PMID: 28659820 PMCID: PMC5469917 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi is applied as a new and safe method for pest control in agriculture but efficiency and specificity of delivery of dsRNA trigger remains a critical issue. Various agents have been proposed to augment dsRNA delivery, such as engineered micro-organisms and synthetic nanoparticles, but the use of viruses has received relatively little attention. Here we present a critical view of the potential of the use of recombinant viruses for efficient and specific delivery of dsRNA. First of all, it requires the availability of plasmid-based reverse genetics systems for virus production, of which an overview is presented. For RNA viruses, their application seems to be straightforward since dsRNA is produced as an intermediate molecule during viral replication, but DNA viruses also have potential through the production of RNA hairpins after transcription. However, application of recombinant virus for dsRNA delivery may not be straightforward in many cases, since viruses can encode RNAi suppressors, and virus-induced silencing effects can be determined by the properties of the encoded RNAi suppressor. An alternative is virus-like particles that retain the efficiency and specificity determinants of natural virions but have encapsidated non-replicating RNA. Finally, the use of viruses raises important safety issues which need to be addressed before application can proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kolliopoulou
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos,”Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Clauvis N. T. Taning
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos,”Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
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32
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Li C, Kneller AR, Jacobson SC, Zlotnick A. Single Particle Observation of SV40 VP1 Polyanion-Induced Assembly Shows That Substrate Size and Structure Modulate Capsid Geometry. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1327-1334. [PMID: 28323402 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simian virus 40 capsid protein (VP1) is a unique system for studying substrate-dependent assembly of a nanoparticle. Here, we investigate a simplest case of this system where 12 VP1 pentamers and a single polyanion, e.g., RNA, form a T = 1 particle. To test the roles of polyanion substrate length and structure during assembly, we characterized the assembly products with size exclusion chromatography, transmission electron microscopy, and single-particle resistive-pulse sensing. We found that 500 and 600 nt RNAs had the optimal length and structure for assembly of uniform T = 1 particles. Longer 800 nt RNA, shorter 300 nt RNA, and a linear 600 unit poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) polyelectrolyte produced heterogeneous populations of products. This result was surprising as the 600mer PSS and 500-600 nt RNA have similar mass and charge. Like ssRNA, PSS also has a short 4 nm persistence length, but unlike RNA, PSS lacks a compact tertiary structure. These data indicate that even for flexible substrates, shape as well as size affect assembly and are consistent with the hypothesis that work, derived from protein-protein and protein-substrate interactions, is used to compact the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglei Li
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and ‡Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Andrew R. Kneller
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and ‡Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Stephen C. Jacobson
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and ‡Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Adam Zlotnick
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and ‡Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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33
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Paramelle D, Peng T, Free P, Fernig DG, Lim S, Tomczak N. Specific Internalisation of Gold Nanoparticles into Engineered Porous Protein Cages via Affinity Binding. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162848. [PMID: 27622533 PMCID: PMC5021291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous protein cages are supramolecular protein self-assemblies presenting pores that allow the access of surrounding molecules and ions into their core in order to store and transport them in biological environments. Protein cages’ pores are attractive channels for the internalisation of inorganic nanoparticles and an alternative for the preparation of hybrid bioinspired nanoparticles. However, strategies based on nanoparticle transport through the pores are largely unexplored, due to the difficulty of tailoring nanoparticles that have diameters commensurate with the pores size and simultaneously displaying specific affinity to the cages’ core and low non-specific binding to the cages’ outer surface. We evaluated the specific internalisation of single small gold nanoparticles, 3.9 nm in diameter, into porous protein cages via affinity binding. The E2 protein cage derived from the Geobacillus stearothermophilus presents 12 pores, 6 nm in diameter, and an empty core of 13 nm in diameter. We engineered the E2 protein by site-directed mutagenesis with oligohistidine sequences exposing them into the cage’s core. Dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy analysis show that the structures of E2 protein cages mutated with bis- or penta-histidine sequences are well conserved. The surface of the gold nanoparticles was passivated with a self-assembled monolayer made of a mixture of short peptidols and thiolated alkane ethylene glycol ligands. Such monolayers are found to provide thin coatings preventing non-specific binding to proteins. Further functionalisation of the peptide coated gold nanoparticles with Ni2+ nitrilotriacetic moieties enabled the specific binding to oligohistidine tagged cages. The internalisation via affinity binding was evaluated by electron microscopy analysis. From the various mutations tested, only the penta-histidine mutated E2 protein cage showed repeatable and stable internalisation. The present work overcomes the limitations of currently available approaches and provides a new route to design tailored and well-controlled hybrid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Paramelle
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (DP); (NT); (SL)
| | - Tao Peng
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Free
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David G. Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sierin Lim
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (DP); (NT); (SL)
| | - Nikodem Tomczak
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (DP); (NT); (SL)
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34
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Durán-Meza AL, Moreno-Gutiérrez DS, Ruiz-Robles JF, Bañuelos-Frías A, Segovia-González XF, Longoria-Hernández AM, Gomez E, Ruiz-García J. Synthesis and characterization of extremely small gold nanoshells, and comparison of their photothermal conversion capacity with gold nanorods. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11091-11098. [PMID: 27227737 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00027d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The current methods for preparing gold nanoshells (AuNSs) produce shells with a diameter of approximately 40 nm or larger, with a relatively large polydispersity. However, AuNSs with smaller diameters and more monodispersity are better suited for biomedical applications. In this work, we present a modified method for the preparation of AuNSs, based on the use of sacrificial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). We customized the Lee-Meisel method to prepare small and monodisperse AgNPs that were used as sacrificial nanoparticles to prepare extremely small monodispersed AuNSs with an average diameter from 17 to 25 ± 4 nm. We found that these AuNSs are faceted, and that the oxidized silver likely dissolves out of the nanoparticles through some of the facets on the AuNSs. This leads to a silver oxide plug on the surface of the AuNSs, which has not been reported before. The smaller AuNSs, prepared under the best conditions, absorb in the near infrared region (NIR) that is appropriate for applications, such as photothermal therapy or medical imaging. The AuNSs showed absorption peaks in the NIR similar to those of gold nanorods (AuNRs) but with better photothermal capacity. In addition, because of their negative charge, these AuNSs are more biocompatible than the positively charged AuNRs. The synthesis of small, monodisperse, stable and biocompatible nanoparticles, like the ones presented in this work, is of prime importance in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Durán-Meza
- Biological Physics Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, S. L. P., 78000 México.
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van Rijn P, Schirhagl R. Viruses, Artificial Viruses and Virus-Based Structures for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1386-400. [PMID: 27119823 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201501000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanobiomaterials such as virus particles and artificial virus particles offer tremendous opportunities to develop new biomedical applications such as drug- or gene-delivery, imaging and sensing but also improve understanding of biological mechanisms. Recent advances within the field of virus-based systems give insights in how to mimic viral structures and virus assembly processes as well as understanding biodistribution, cell/tissue targeting, controlled and triggered disassembly or release and circulation times. All these factors are of high importance for virus-based functional systems. This review illustrates advances in mimicking and enhancing or controlling these aspects to a high degree toward delivery and imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick van Rijn
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Biomedical Engineering‐FB40 W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science‐FB41 Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AW Groningen Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Biomedical Engineering‐FB40 W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science‐FB41 Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AW Groningen Netherlands
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Marchetti M, Wuite GJL, Roos WH. Atomic force microscopy observation and characterization of single virions and virus-like particles by nano-indentation. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 18:82-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Heinze K, Sasaki E, King NP, Baker D, Hilvert D, Wuite GJL, Roos WH. Protein Nanocontainers from Nonviral Origin: Testing the Mechanics of Artificial and Natural Protein Cages by AFM. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:5945-52. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Heinze
- Natuur-
en Sterrenkunde and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - E. Sasaki
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - N. P. King
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350, United States
| | - D. Baker
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350, United States
| | - D. Hilvert
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - G. J. L. Wuite
- Natuur-
en Sterrenkunde and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - W. H. Roos
- Moleculaire
Biofysica, Zernike instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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38
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Zahedian M, Huang X, Tsvetkova IB, Rotello VM, Schaich WL, Dragnea B. Toward Virus-Like Surface Plasmon Strain Sensors. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:5896-906. [PMID: 27123824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The strong configuration dependence of collective surface plasmon resonances in an array of metal nanoparticles provides an opportunity to develop a bioinspired tool for sensing mechanical deformations in soft matter at the nanoscale. We study the feasibility of a strain sensor based on an icosahedral array of nanoparticles encapsulated by a virus capsid. When the system undergoes deformation, the optical scattering cross-section spectra as well as the induced electric field profile change. By numerical simulations, we examine how these changes depend on the symmetry and extent of the deformation and on both the propagation direction and polarization of the incident radiation. Such a sensor could prove useful in studies of the mechanisms of nanoparticle or virus translocation in the confines of a host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zahedian
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, United States
| | - Xinlei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, United States
| | - Irina B Tsvetkova
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, United States
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, United States
| | - William L Schaich
- Department of Physics, Indiana University , Bloomington, United States
| | - Bogdan Dragnea
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, United States
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39
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Lee MFX, Chan ES, Tan WS, Tam KC, Tey BT. Negative chromatography of hepatitis B virus-like particle: Comparative study of different adsorbent designs. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1445:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Koch C, Eber FJ, Azucena C, Förste A, Walheim S, Schimmel T, Bittner AM, Jeske H, Gliemann H, Eiben S, Geiger FC, Wege C. Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:613-29. [PMID: 27335751 PMCID: PMC4901926 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The rod-shaped nanoparticles of the widespread plant pathogen tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) have been a matter of intense debates and cutting-edge research for more than a hundred years. During the late 19th century, their behavior in filtration tests applied to the agent causing the 'plant mosaic disease' eventually led to the discrimination of viruses from bacteria. Thereafter, they promoted the development of biophysical cornerstone techniques such as electron microscopy and ultracentrifugation. Since the 1950s, the robust, helically arranged nucleoprotein complexes consisting of a single RNA and more than 2100 identical coat protein subunits have enabled molecular studies which have pioneered the understanding of viral replication and self-assembly, and elucidated major aspects of virus-host interplay, which can lead to agronomically relevant diseases. However, during the last decades, TMV has acquired a new reputation as a well-defined high-yield nanotemplate with multivalent protein surfaces, allowing for an ordered high-density presentation of multiple active molecules or synthetic compounds. Amino acid side chains exposed on the viral coat may be tailored genetically or biochemically to meet the demands for selective conjugation reactions, or to directly engineer novel functionality on TMV-derived nanosticks. The natural TMV size (length: 300 nm) in combination with functional ligands such as peptides, enzymes, dyes, drugs or inorganic materials is advantageous for applications ranging from biomedical imaging and therapy approaches over surface enlargement of battery electrodes to the immobilization of enzymes. TMV building blocks are also amenable to external control of in vitro assembly and re-organization into technically expedient new shapes or arrays, which bears a unique potential for the development of 'smart' functional 3D structures. Among those, materials designed for enzyme-based biodetection layouts, which are routinely applied, e.g., for monitoring blood sugar concentrations, might profit particularly from the presence of TMV rods: Their surfaces were recently shown to stabilize enzymatic activities upon repeated consecutive uses and over several weeks. This review gives the reader a ride through strikingly diverse achievements obtained with TMV-based particles, compares them to the progress with related viruses, and focuses on latest results revealing special advantages for enzyme-based biosensing formats, which might be of high interest for diagnostics employing 'systems-on-a-chip'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Koch
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Fabian J Eber
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Carlos Azucena
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Chemistry of Oxidic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, D-76344, Germany
| | - Alexander Förste
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), INT: Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany, and IAP/CFN: Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, Karlsruhe, D-76131 Germany
| | - Stefan Walheim
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), INT: Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany, and IAP/CFN: Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, Karlsruhe, D-76131 Germany
| | - Thomas Schimmel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), INT: Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany, and IAP/CFN: Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, Karlsruhe, D-76131 Germany
| | - Alexander M Bittner
- CIC Nanogune, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain, and Ikerbasque, Maria Díaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Holger Jeske
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Chemistry of Oxidic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, D-76344, Germany
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Fania C Geiger
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
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Gurunatha KL, Fournier AC, Urvoas A, Valerio-Lepiniec M, Marchi V, Minard P, Dujardin E. Nanoparticles Self-Assembly Driven by High Affinity Repeat Protein Pairing. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3176-3185. [PMID: 26863288 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the most specific yet versatile biological self-assembling agents with a rich chemistry. Nevertheless, the design of new proteins with recognition capacities is still in its infancy and has seldom been exploited for the self-assembly of functional inorganic nanoparticles. Here, we report on the protein-directed assembly of gold nanoparticles using purpose-designed artificial repeat proteins having a rigid but modular 3D architecture. αRep protein pairs are selected for their high mutual affinity from a library of 10(9) variants. Their conjugation onto gold nanoparticles drives the massive colloidal assembly of free-standing, one-particle thick films. When the average number of proteins per nanoparticle is lowered, the extent of self-assembly is limited to oligomeric particle clusters. Finally, we demonstrate that the aggregates are reversibly disassembled by an excess of one free protein. Our approach could be optimized for applications in biosensing, cell targeting, or functional nanomaterials engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kargal L Gurunatha
- Groupe NanoSciences-CEMES, CNRS UPR 8011 , 29 rue J. Marvig, B.P. 94347, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Agathe C Fournier
- Groupe NanoSciences-CEMES, CNRS UPR 8011 , 29 rue J. Marvig, B.P. 94347, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Agathe Urvoas
- I2BC, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, CEA UMR 9198 , Bât. 430, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - Valérie Marchi
- University Rennes 1, Institut of Chemical Sciences, UMR 6226 CNRS , Campus Beaulieu, F- 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Minard
- I2BC, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, CEA UMR 9198 , Bât. 430, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Erik Dujardin
- Groupe NanoSciences-CEMES, CNRS UPR 8011 , 29 rue J. Marvig, B.P. 94347, F-31055 Toulouse, France
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42
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Koch C, Wabbel K, Eber FJ, Krolla-Sidenstein P, Azucena C, Gliemann H, Eiben S, Geiger F, Wege C. Modified TMV Particles as Beneficial Scaffolds to Present Sensor Enzymes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1137. [PMID: 26734040 PMCID: PMC4689848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a robust nanotubular nucleoprotein scaffold increasingly employed for the high density presentation of functional molecules such as peptides, fluorescent dyes, and antibodies. We report on its use as advantageous carrier for sensor enzymes. A TMV mutant with a cysteine residue exposed on every coat protein (CP) subunit (TMVCys) enabled the coupling of bifunctional maleimide-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-biotin linkers (TMVCys/Bio). Its surface was equipped with two streptavidin [SA]-conjugated enzymes: glucose oxidase ([SA]-GOx) and horseradish peroxidase ([SA]-HRP). At least 50% of the CPs were decorated with a linker molecule, and all thereof with active enzymes. Upon use as adapter scaffolds in conventional "high-binding" microtiter plates, TMV sticks allowed the immobilization of up to 45-fold higher catalytic activities than control samples with the same input of enzymes. Moreover, they increased storage stability and reusability in relation to enzymes applied directly to microtiter plate wells. The functionalized TMV adsorbed to solid supports showed a homogeneous distribution of the conjugated enzymes and structural integrity of the nanorods upon transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. The high surface-increase and steric accessibility of the viral scaffolds in combination with the biochemical environment provided by the plant viral coat may explain the beneficial effects. TMV can, thus, serve as a favorable multivalent nanoscale platform for the ordered presentation of bioactive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Koch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Katrin Wabbel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Eber
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Krolla-Sidenstein
- Chemistry of Oxydic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carlos Azucena
- Chemistry of Oxydic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Chemistry of Oxydic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Fania Geiger
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max-Planck-Institute for Intelligent SystemsStuttgart, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
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43
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Kusters R, Lin HK, Zandi R, Tsvetkova I, Dragnea B, van der Schoot P. Role of charge regulation and size polydispersity in nanoparticle encapsulation by viral coat proteins. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:1869-80. [PMID: 25562399 DOI: 10.1021/jp5108125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can be encapsulated by virus coat proteins if their surfaces are functionalized to acquire a sufficiently large negative charge. A minimal surface charge is required to overcome (i) repulsive interactions between the positively charged RNA-binding domains on the proteins and (ii) the loss of mixing and translational entropy of RNA and capsid coat proteins. Here, we present a model describing the encapsulation of spherical particles bearing weakly acidic surface groups and investigate how charge regulation and size polydispersity impact upon the encapsulation efficiency of gold nanoparticles by model coat proteins. We show that the surface charge density of these particles cannot be assumed fixed, but that it adjusts itself to minimize electrostatic repulsion between the charges on them and maximize the attractive interaction with the RNA binding domains on the proteins. Charge regulation in combination with the natural variation of particle radii has a large effect on the encapsulation efficiency: it makes it much more gradual despite its inherently cooperative nature. Our calculations rationalize recent experimental observations on the coassembly of gold nanoparticles by brome mosaic virus coat proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Kusters
- Faculteit Technische Natuurkunde, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven , Postbus 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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44
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Huang SL, Lin YJ, Li ZH, Jin GX. Self-Assembly of Molecular Borromean Rings from Bimetallic Coordination Rectangles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11218-22. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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45
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Huang SL, Lin YJ, Li ZH, Jin GX. Self-Assembly of Molecular Borromean Rings from Bimetallic Coordination Rectangles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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46
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Glycosphingolipid-functionalized nanoparticles recapitulate CD169-dependent HIV-1 uptake and trafficking in dendritic cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4136. [PMID: 24947940 PMCID: PMC4109413 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganglioside GM3, a host-derived glycosphingolipid incorporated in the membrane of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) viral particles, mediates interactions between HIV-1 and Siglec1/CD169, a protein expressed on dendritic cells (DCs). Such interactions, which seem to be independent of viral envelope glycoprotein gp120, are poorly understood. Here we develop a model system consisting of self-assembled artificial virus nanoparticles (AVNs) that are free of viral glycoproteins or other host-derived glycolipids and glycoproteins. These plasmonic AVNs contain a membrane of defined composition wrapped around a solid metal core. GM3-containing AVNs are captured by CD169-expressing HeLa cells or mature DCs, and are sequestered within non-lysosomal tetraspanin-positive compartments. This distribution is reminiscent of CD169-dependent HIV-1 sequestration in mature DCs. Our results highlight GM3-CD169 binding as a gp120-independent signal for sequestration and preservation of HIV-1 infectivity. They also indicate that plasmonic AVNs offer improved features over liposome-based systems and represent a versatile tool for probing specific virus-cell interactions.
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Chemotherapy pro-drug activation by biocatalytic virus-like nanoparticles containing cytochrome P450. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 60:24-31. [PMID: 24835096 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This work shows, for the first time, the encapsulation of a highly relevant protein in the biomedical field into virus-like particles (VLPs). A bacterial CYP variant was effectively encapsulated in VLPs constituted of coat protein from cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV). The catalytic VLPs are able to transform the chemotherapeutic pro-drug, tamoxifen, and the emerging pro-drug resveratrol. The chemical nature of the products was identified, confirming similar active products than those obtained with human CYP. The enzymatic VLPs remain stable after the catalytic reaction. The potential use of these biocatalytic nanoparticles as targeted CYP carriers for the activation of chemotherapy drugs is discussed.
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48
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Long AW, Ferguson AL. Nonlinear Machine Learning of Patchy Colloid Self-Assembly Pathways and Mechanisms. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:4228-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp500350b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Long
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Andrew L. Ferguson
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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49
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Cheung-Lau JC, Liu D, Pulsipher KW, Liu W, Dmochowski IJ. Engineering a well-ordered, functional protein-gold nanoparticle assembly. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 130:59-68. [PMID: 24176920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of interactions between proteins and nanoparticles is important to advancing applications of nanoparticles in biology, medicine, and materials science. Here, we report the encapsulation of a 5-nm diameter gold nanoparticle (AuNP) by thermophilic ferritin (tF), achieved in nearly quantitative yield under mild conditions that preserved the secondary structure, ferroxidase activity, and thermal stability of the native, 4-helix bundle protein subunits. Chromatography-based assays determined that stable protein assembly around AuNPs occurred on long time scales (~48h) and was reversible. Apparent association constants were determined at 25°C for equilibrated tF-BSPP-capped AuNP samples (KA=(2.1±0.4)×10(78)M(-11)) and compared favorably to salt-assembled tF samples (KA=(2.2±0.5)×10(68)M(-11)) at the same protein concentration (0.3mg/mL). Finally, addition of gold ions and mild reducing agent to the tF-AuNP assembly produced 8-nm diameter AuNPs with surface plasmon resonance band unchanged at 520nm, indicative of templating by the protein shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina C Cheung-Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
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50
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Malyutin AG, Dragnea B. Budding pathway in the templated assembly of viruslike particles. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:10730-6. [PMID: 23947533 DOI: 10.1021/jp405603m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A new pathway for the assembly of viral capsid protein around inorganic nanoparticle cores was observed by time-course light scattering and cryo-electron tomography. Gold nanoparticles with an average diameter of 11.3 nm have been used as a template for the assembly of Brome mosaic virus (BMV) capsid protein at different concentrations. At least at low protein concentrations the kinetic features of the scattering and extinction measurements are consistent with the initial rapid formation of large nanoparticle-protein clusters, which subsequently separate into individual viruslike particles (VLPs). The occurrence of multiparticle clusters at short times after mixing nanoparticles and proteins was confirmed by cryo-EM. Cryo-electron tomography of the multiparticle clusters yielded an average surface-to-surface interparticle distance of ∼7.5 nm, equivalent to ∼1.5 times the thickness of a protein shell. We propose a scenario in which VLP generation may take place through monomer exchange between aggregated particles with defect-ridden or incomplete shells, leading to the formation of stable icosahedral shells, which eventually bud off the aggregate. Together with results from previous works, the findings highlight the astonishing versatility of plant virus capsid protein assembly. This previously unknown mechanism for VLP formation has features that may have relevance for the crowded environment characterizing virus factories in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Malyutin
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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