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Abdisa KB, Szerdahelyi E, Molnár MA, Friedrich L, Lakner Z, Koris A, Toth A, Nath A. Metabolic Syndrome and Biotherapeutic Activity of Dairy (Cow and Buffalo) Milk Proteins and Peptides: Fast Food-Induced Obesity Perspective-A Narrative Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:478. [PMID: 38672494 PMCID: PMC11048494 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined by the outcome of interconnected metabolic factors that directly increase the prevalence of obesity and other metabolic diseases. Currently, obesity is considered one of the most relevant topics of discussion because an epidemic heave of the incidence of obesity in both developing and underdeveloped countries has been reached. According to the World Obesity Atlas 2023 report, 38% of the world population are presently either obese or overweight. One of the causes of obesity is an imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure, where nutritional imbalance due to consumption of high-calorie fast foods play a pivotal role. The dynamic interactions among different risk factors of obesity are highly complex; however, the underpinnings of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia for obesity incidence are recognized. Fast foods, primarily composed of soluble carbohydrates, non-nutritive artificial sweeteners, saturated fats, and complexes of macronutrients (protein-carbohydrate, starch-lipid, starch-lipid-protein) provide high metabolic calories. Several experimental studies have pointed out that dairy proteins and peptides may modulate the activities of risk factors of obesity. To justify the results precisely, peptides from dairy milk proteins were synthesized under in vitro conditions and their contributions to biomarkers of obesity were assessed. Comprehensive information about the impact of proteins and peptides from dairy milks on fast food-induced obesity is presented in this narrative review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenbon Beyene Abdisa
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
| | - Emőke Szerdahelyi
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Somlói út 14-16, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Máté András Molnár
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
| | - László Friedrich
- Department of Refrigeration and Livestock Product Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 43-45, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Lakner
- Department of Agricultural Business and Economics, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Koris
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
| | - Attila Toth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zsigmond út 22, HU-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arijit Nath
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
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Sivaraman SA, Sabareesh V. An Update on Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibiting Peptides. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:267-285. [PMID: 38173201 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037287976231212104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder. According to the International Diabetes Federation, about 537 million people are living with diabetes. The two types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), among which the population affected by T2DM is relatively higher. A major reason for T2DM is that insulin stimulation is hampered due to the inactivation of incretin hormones. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is a serine protease that is directly involved in the inactivation of incretin hormones, e.g., glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Therefore, the inhibition of DPP-IV can be a promising method for managing T2DM, in addition to other enzyme inhibition strategies, such as inhibition of α-amylase and α -glucosidase. Currently, about 12 different gliptin drugs are available in the market that inhibit DPP-IV in a dose-dependent manner. Instead of gliptins, 'peptides' can also be employed as an alternative and promising way to inhibit DPP-IV. Peptide inhibitors of DPP-IV have been identified from various plants and animals. Chemically synthesized peptides have also been experimented for inhibiting DPP-IV. Most peptides have been analysed by biochemical assays, whereas some in vitro assays have also been reported. Molecular docking analysis has been applied to comprehend the mechanism of inhibition. In this review, certain aspects of natural as well as synthetic peptides are described that have been proven to inhibit DPP-IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachithanantham Annapoorani Sivaraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
| | - Varatharajan Sabareesh
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
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Istyastono EP, Yuniarti N, Prasasty VD, Mungkasi S, Waskitha SSW, Yanuar MRS, Riswanto FDO. Caffeic Acid in Spent Coffee Grounds as a Dual Inhibitor for MMP-9 and DPP-4 Enzymes. Molecules 2023; 28:7182. [PMID: 37894660 PMCID: PMC10609219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot ulcers remain serious worldwide health problems. Caffeic acid is one of the natural products that has been experimentally proven to have diverse pharmacological properties. This study aimed to assess the inhibitory activity of caffeic acid and ethanolic extract of spent coffee grounds targeting DPP-4 and MMP-9 enzymes and evaluate the molecular interactions through 50-ns molecular dynamics simulations. This study also introduced our new version of PyPLIF HIPPOS, PyPLIF HIPPOS 0.2.0, which allowed us to identify protein-ligand interaction fingerprints and interaction hotspots resulting from molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings revealed that caffeic acid inhibited the DPP-4 and MMP-9 activity with an IC50 of 158.19 ± 11.30 µM and 88.99 ± 3.35 µM while ethanolic extract of spent coffee grounds exhibited an IC50 of 227.87 ± 23.80 µg/100 µL and 81.24 ± 6.46 µg/100 µL, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that caffeic acid interacted in the plausible allosteric sites of DPP-4 and in the active site of MMP-9. PyPLIF HIPPOS 0.2.0 identified amino acid residues interacting more than 10% throughout the simulation, which were Lys463 and Trp62 in the plausible allosteric site of DPP-4 and His226 in the active site of MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enade P. Istyastono
- Research Group of Computer-Aided Drug Design and Discovery of Bioactive Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta 55282, Indonesia; (S.S.W.W.); (M.R.S.Y.); (F.D.O.R.)
| | - Nunung Yuniarti
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
| | - Vivitri D. Prasasty
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Sudi Mungkasi
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta 55282, Indonesia;
| | - Stephanus S. W. Waskitha
- Research Group of Computer-Aided Drug Design and Discovery of Bioactive Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta 55282, Indonesia; (S.S.W.W.); (M.R.S.Y.); (F.D.O.R.)
| | - Michael R. S. Yanuar
- Research Group of Computer-Aided Drug Design and Discovery of Bioactive Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta 55282, Indonesia; (S.S.W.W.); (M.R.S.Y.); (F.D.O.R.)
| | - Florentinus D. O. Riswanto
- Research Group of Computer-Aided Drug Design and Discovery of Bioactive Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta 55282, Indonesia; (S.S.W.W.); (M.R.S.Y.); (F.D.O.R.)
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Lüddecke T, Dersch L, Schulte L, Hurka S, Paas A, Oberpaul M, Eichberg J, Hardes K, Klimpel S, Vilcinskas A. Functional Profiling of the A-Family of Venom Peptides from the Wolf Spider Lycosa shansia. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050303. [PMID: 37235338 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The venoms of spiders from the RTA (retro-lateral tibia apophysis) clade contain diverse short linear peptides (SLPs) that offer a rich source of therapeutic candidates. Many of these peptides have insecticidal, antimicrobial and/or cytolytic activities, but their biological functions are unclear. Here, we explore the bioactivity of all known members of the A-family of SLPs previously identified in the venom of the Chinese wolf spider (Lycosa shansia). Our broad approach included an in silico analysis of physicochemical properties and bioactivity profiling for cytotoxic, antiviral, insecticidal and antibacterial activities. We found that most members of the A-family can form α-helices and resemble the antibacterial peptides found in frog poison. The peptides we tested showed no cytotoxic, antiviral or insecticidal activities but were able to reduce the growth of bacteria, including clinically relevant strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Listeria monocytogenes. The absence of insecticidal activity may suggest that these peptides have no role in prey capture, but their antibacterial activity may help to defend the venom gland against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lüddecke
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ludwig Dersch
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lennart Schulte
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Hurka
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne Paas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus Oberpaul
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- BMBF Junior Research Group in Infection Research "ASCRIBE", Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Johanna Eichberg
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- BMBF Junior Research Group in Infection Research "ASCRIBE", Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kornelia Hardes
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- BMBF Junior Research Group in Infection Research "ASCRIBE", Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Klimpel
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Liang Z, Li H, Lu X, Lin G, Li Y, Zhang R. 3D-QSAR, in vitro assay and MD simulations studies on the design, bioactivities and different inhibitory modes of the novel DPP-IV inhibitory peptides. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Bioactive and Sensory Di- and Tripeptides Generated during Dry-Curing of Pork Meat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021574. [PMID: 36675084 PMCID: PMC9866438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry-cured pork products, such as dry-cured ham, undergo an extensive proteolysis during manufacturing process which determines the organoleptic properties of the final product. As a result of endogenous pork muscle endo- and exopeptidases, many medium- and short-chain peptides are released from muscle proteins. Many of them have been isolated, identified, and characterized, and some peptides have been reported to exert relevant bioactivity with potential benefit for human health. However, little attention has been given to di- and tripeptides, which are far less known, although they have received increasing attention in recent years due to their high potential relevance in terms of bioactivity and role in taste development. This review gathers the current knowledge about di- and tripeptides, regarding their bioactivity and sensory properties and focusing on their generation during long-term processing such as dry-cured pork meats.
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The Novel Peptide Chm-273s Has Therapeutic Potential for Metabolic Disorders: Evidence from In Vitro Studies and High-Sucrose Diet and High-Fat Diet Rodent Models. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102088. [PMID: 36297523 PMCID: PMC9611607 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a novel peptide potentially applicable for the treatment of metabolic conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We identified CHM-273S from the list of peptides from milk hydrolysate obtained by HPLC/MS-MS. In vitro analysis of primary murine fibroblasts indicated the potential of CHM-273S to upregulate IRS2 mRNA expression. CHM-273S showed a prominent anorexigenic effect in mice with the induction of a key mechanism of leptin signaling via STAT3 in the hypothalamus as a possible effector. In the animal model of metabolic disease, CHM-273S alleviated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, and induced phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 and Thr308 in the hepatocytes of high-sucrose diet-fed rats. In a murine model of T2D, CHM-273S mitigated high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and improved low-grade inflammation by diminishing serum TNFα. Mice treated with chronic CHM-273S had a significant reduction in body weight, with a lower visceral fat pad weight and narrow adipocytes. The effects of the peptide administration were comparable to those of metformin. We show the potential of CHM-273S to alleviate diet-induced metabolic alterations in rodents, substantiating its further development as a therapeutic for obesity, T2D, and other metabolic conditions.
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Liu C, Lu L, Yang C, Niu C, Wang J, Zheng F, Li Q. Effects of thermal treatment on alliin and its related sulfides during black garlic processing. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Bioactivities of In Vitro Transepithelial Transported Peptides from Cooked Chicken Breast. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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McLaughlin CM, Harnedy-Rothwell PA, Lafferty RA, Sharkey S, Parthsarathy V, Allsopp PJ, McSorley EM, FitzGerald RJ, O'Harte FPM. Macroalgal protein hydrolysates from Palmaria palmata influence the 'incretin effect' in vitro via DPP-4 inhibition and upregulation of insulin, GLP-1 and GIP secretion. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4439-4452. [PMID: 34081167 PMCID: PMC8572210 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated metabolic benefits of protein hydrolysates from the macroalgae Palmaria palmata, previously shown to inhibit dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in vitro. METHODS Previously, Alcalase/Flavourzyme-produced P. palmata protein hydrolysate (PPPH) improved glycaemia and insulin production in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Here the PPPH, was compared to alternative Alcalase, bromelain and Promod-derived hydrolysates and an unhydrolysed control. All PPPH's underwent simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) to establish oral bioavailability. PPPH's and their SGID counterparts were tested in pancreatic, clonal BRIN-BD11 cells to assess their insulinotropic effect and associated intracellular mechanisms. PPPH actions on the incretin effect were assessed via measurement of DPP-4 activity, coupled with GLP-1 and GIP release from GLUTag and STC-1 cells, respectively. Acute in vivo effects of Alcalase/Flavourzyme PPPH administration on glucose tolerance and satiety were assessed in overnight-fasted mice. RESULTS PPPH's (0.02-2.5 mg/ml) elicited varying insulinotropic effects (p < 0.05-0.001). SGID of the unhydrolysed protein control, bromelain and Promod PPPH's retained, or improved, bioactivity regarding insulin secretion, DPP-4 inhibition and GIP release. Insulinotropic effects were retained for all SGID-hydrolysates at higher PPPH concentrations. DPP-4 inhibitory effects were confirmed for all PPPH's and SGID counterparts (p < 0.05-0.001). PPPH's were shown to directly influence the incretin effect via upregulated GLP-1 and GIP (p < 0.01-0.001) secretion in vitro, largely retained after SGID. Alcalase/Flavourzyme PPPH produced the greatest elevation in cAMP (p < 0.001, 1.7-fold), which was fully retained post-SGID. This hydrolysate elicited elevations in intracellular calcium (p < 0.01) and membrane potential (p < 0.001). In acute in vivo settings, Alcalase/Flavourzyme PPPH improved glucose tolerance (p < 0.01-0.001) and satiety (p < 0.05-0.001). CONCLUSION Bioavailable PPPH peptides may be useful for the management of T2DM and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M McLaughlin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Derry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - P A Harnedy-Rothwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - R A Lafferty
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Derry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - S Sharkey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Derry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - V Parthsarathy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Derry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - P J Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Derry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - E M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Derry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - R J FitzGerald
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - F P M O'Harte
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Derry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland.
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Ramírez Fuentes L, Richard C, Chen L. Sequential alcalase and flavourzyme treatment for preparation of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitory peptides from oat protein. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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12
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Characteristics of Food Protein-Derived Antidiabetic Bioactive Peptides: A Literature Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179508. [PMID: 34502417 PMCID: PMC8431147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a glucose metabolic disorder, is considered one of the biggest challenges associated with a complex complication of health crises in the modern lifestyle. Inhibition or reduction of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), alpha-glucosidase, and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) enzyme activities or expressions are notably considered as the promising therapeutic strategies for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Various food protein-derived antidiabetic bioactive peptides have been isolated and verified. This review provides an overview of the DPP-IV, PTP-1B, and α-glucosidase inhibitors, and updates on the methods for the discovery of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides released from food-protein hydrolysate. The finding of novel bioactive peptides involves studies about the strategy of separation fractionation, the identification of peptide sequences, and the evaluation of peptide characteristics in vitro, in silico, in situ, and in vivo. The potential of bioactive peptides suggests useful applications in the prevention and management of diabetes. Furthermore, evidence of clinical studies is necessary for the validation of these peptides’ efficiencies before commercial applications.
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Thakur S, Chhimwal J, Joshi R, Kumari M, Padwad Y, Kumar R. Evaluating Peptides of Picrorhiza kurroa and Their Inhibitory Potential against ACE, DPP-IV, and Oxidative Stress. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3798-3813. [PMID: 34254800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. is a high-altitude plant having great medicinal value. However, its medicinal value at the peptide level is still unknown, which limits its utility in the development of peptide-based therapeutics. Here, we identify 65 peptides fromP. kurroa hydrolysate. Sequence analysis suggests that one novel bioactive peptide, ASGLCPEEAVPRR (BP1), has antioxidant potential and shows angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities. The molecular docking study showed that BP1 has a lower binding energy and strong affinity toward active pockets of ACE and DPP-IV, which explains its higher ACE [IC50 = 59.90 ± 9.52 μg/mL (43.40 μM)] and DPP-IV [IC50 = 3.04 ± 0.26 μg/mL (2.2 μM)] inhibitory activities. BP1 protects HEK293 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde accumulation and activating the intrinsic antioxidant defense system. Additionally, phase-contrast microscopy studies revealed that pre-treatment of BP1 to HEK293 cells before exposure to H2O2 retains the normal morphology and blocks apoptosis. Furthermore, it also suppresses ROS-induced mitochondrial apoptosis via restoring the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and inhibiting caspase 3/7 activity. Therefore, BP1 has antioxidant potential and ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory activities that could be used for peptide-based formulation(s) in pharmaceuticals to treat diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases associated with ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Chhimwal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manglesh Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Babu SN, Govindarajan S, Vijayalakshmi MA, Noor A. Role of zonulin and GLP-1/DPP-IV in alleviation of diabetes mellitus by peptide/polypeptide fraction of Aloe vera in streptozotocin- induced diabetic wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 272:113949. [PMID: 33610707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Aloe has a long history of usage in medicine. Aloe barbadensis Miller, commonly known as Aloe vera, is said to possess anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, immunomodulation, wound healing properties. AIM OF THE STUDY In diabetes mellitus, loss in intestinal permeability is observed with high levels of zonulin and low levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) leading to hyperglycemia. The aim of the study was to understand the role of peptide/polypeptide fraction (PPF) of Aloe vera in the alleviation of diabetes through maintaining the intestinal permeability by regulating the zonulin and GLP-1 levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PPF of Aloe vera was obtained through trichloroacetic acid precipitation. The anti-diabetic potential of the PPF was tested through DPP-IV inhibition, glucose diffusion assay, and by using Rin-m5F cells. The anti-diabetic potential of the PPF was tested at a dose of 0.450 mg/kg bw in vivo using streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. The effect of PPF on fasting plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, Zonulin, GLP-1, DPP-IV, levels were studied in diabetic rats. The histopathological studies of the pancreas, small intestine, and liver were carried out for organ-specific effects. RESULTS PPF has the ability to reduce fasting plasma glucose levels with concomitant increase in insulin levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. It was also observed that increase in GLP-1 levels with a decrease in DPP-IV and zonulin levels thereby mitigating the loss of intestinal permeability. These findings correlate with the small intestine's histopathological observation where the excessive proliferation of epithelium in the small intestine of diabetic rats was reduced after PPF treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the PPF of Aloe vera alleviates diabetes through islet cell rejuvenation via GLP-1/DPP-IV pathway and thereby suggesting the usage of PPF as an alternate medicine for diabetes mellitus with the possibility to reduce the intestinal permeability and zonulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spoorthy N Babu
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - S Govindarajan
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - M A Vijayalakshmi
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Ayesha Noor
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
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15
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Tulipano G. Role of Bioactive Peptide Sequences in the Potential Impact of Dairy Protein Intake on Metabolic Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8881. [PMID: 33238654 PMCID: PMC7700308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For years, there has been an increasing move towards elucidating the complexities of how food can interplay with the signalling networks underlying energy homeostasis and glycaemic control. Dairy foods can be regarded as the greatest source of proteins and peptides with various health benefits and are a well-recognized source of bioactive compounds. A number of dairy protein-derived peptide sequences with the ability to modulate functions related to the control of food intake, body weight gain and glucose homeostasis have been isolated and characterized. Their being active in vivo may be questionable mainly due to expected low bioavailability after ingestion, and hence their real contribution to the metabolic impact of dairy protein intake needs to be discussed. Some reports suggest that the differential effects of dairy proteins-in particular whey proteins-on mechanisms underlying energy balance and glucose-homeostasis may be attributed to their unique amino acid composition and hence the release of free amino acid mixtures enriched in essential amino acids (i.e., branched-chain-amino acids) upon digestion. Actually, the research reports reviewed in this article suggest that, among a number of dairy protein-derived peptides isolated and characterized as bioactive compounds in vitro, some peptides can be active in vivo post-oral administration through a local action in the gut, or, alternatively, a systemic action on specific molecular targets after entering the systemic circulation. Moreover, these studies highlight the importance of the enteroendocrine system in the cross talk between food proteins and the neuroendocrine network regulating energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tulipano
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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16
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Nong NTP, Chen YK, Shih WL, Hsu JL. Characterization of Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitory Peptides from Soft-Shelled Turtle Yolk Hydrolysate Using Orthogonal Bioassay-Guided Fractionations Coupled with In Vitro and In Silico Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100308. [PMID: 33066488 PMCID: PMC7602288 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Five novel peptides (LPLF, WLQL, LPSW, VPGLAL, and LVGLPL) bearing dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities were identified from the gastrointestinal enzymatic hydrolysate of soft-shelled turtle yolk (SSTY) proteins. Peptides were isolated separately using reversed-phase (RP) chromatography in parallel with off-line strong cation exchange (SCX) chromatography followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis to determine sequences. Among these peptides, LPSW showed the highest DPP-IV inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 269.7 ± 15.91 µM. The results of the pre-incubation experiment and the kinetic study of these peptides indicated that WLQL is a true inhibitor and its inhibition toward DPP-IV is of an uncompetitive model, while LPLF, LPSW, and VPGLAL are real-substrates and competitive inhibitors against DPP-IV. The DPP-IV inhibitory peptides derived from SSTY hydrolysate in study are promising in the management of hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Thi Phuong Nong
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
- Department of Basic Science, Thainguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Quyetthang Ward, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
| | - Yu-Kuo Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ling Shih
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - Jue-Liang Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
- International Master’s Degree Program in Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-8-7703202 (ext. 5197); Fax: +886-8-7740550
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Charoenkwan P, Kanthawong S, Nantasenamat C, Hasan MM, Shoombuatong W. iDPPIV-SCM: A Sequence-Based Predictor for Identifying and Analyzing Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) Inhibitory Peptides Using a Scoring Card Method. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4125-4136. [PMID: 32897718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, E.C.3.4.14.5) is well recognized as a new avenue for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Until now, peptide-like DDP-IV inhibitors have been shown to normalize the blood glucose concentration in T2D subjects. To the best of our knowledge, there is yet no computational model for predicting and analyzing DPP-IV inhibitory peptides using sequence information. In this study, we present for the first time a simple and easily interpretable sequence-based predictor using the scoring card method (SCM) for modeling the bioactivity of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides (iDPPIV-SCM). Particularly, the iDPPIV-SCM was developed by employing the SCM method together with the propensity scores of amino acids. Rigorous independent test results demonstrated that the proposed iDPPIV-SCM was found to be superior to those of well-known machine learning (ML) classifiers (e.g., k-nearest neighbor, logistic regression, and decision tree) with demonstrated improvements of 2-11, 4-22, and 7-10% for accuracy, MCC, and AUC, respectively, while also achieving comparable results to that of the support vector machine. Furthermore, the analysis of estimated propensity scores of amino acids as derived from the iDPPIV-SCM was performed so as to provide a more in-depth understanding on the molecular basis for enhancing the DPP-IV inhibitory potency. Taken together, these results revealed that iDPPIV-SCM was superior to those of other well-known ML classifiers owing to its simplicity, interpretability, and validity. For the convenience of biologists, the predictive model is deployed as a publicly accessible web server at http://camt.pythonanywhere.com/iDPPIV-SCM. It is anticipated that iDPPIV-SCM can serve as an important tool for the rapid screening of promising DPP-IV inhibitory peptides prior to their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phasit Charoenkwan
- Modern Management and Information Technology, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sakawrat Kanthawong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Watshara Shoombuatong
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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18
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Araki M, Kanegawa N, Iwata H, Sagae Y, Ito K, Masuda K, Okuno Y. Hydrophobic interactions at subsite S1' of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV contribute significantly to the inhibitory effect of tripeptides. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04227. [PMID: 32613113 PMCID: PMC7322046 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional inhibitory peptides of human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4) have been highly anticipated as the active ingredient of functional food for type II diabetes; however, the molecular mechanism of hDPP4 inhibition remains unclear. In this study, we focused on dipeptides and tripeptides, which display structure-function correlations that are relatively easy to analyze, and examined their interactions with hDPP4 on an atomic level using a combination of docking studies and an hDPP4 inhibition assay. First, we performed comprehensive binding mode analysis of the dipeptide library and demonstrated that the formation of a tight interaction with the S1 subsite composing part of the substrate pocket is essential for dipeptides to compete with the substrate and strongly inhibit hDPP4. Next, we synthesized tripeptides by adding various amino acids to the C-terminus of Ile-Pro and Val-Pro, which have especially high inhibitory activity among compounds in the dipeptide library, and measured the hDPP4 inhibitory activity of the tripeptides. When hydrophobic amino acids (Ile, Met, Val, Trp) were added, the inhibitory activity increased several-fold. This phenomenon could be explained as follows: the C-terminal amino acid of the tripeptide formed hydrophobic interactions with Tyr547 and Trp629, which compose the S1′ subsite located relatively outside the substrate pocket, thereby stabilizing the hDPP4-peptide binding. The structural information on the interaction between hDPP4 and peptide inhibitors attained in this study is anticipated to be useful in the development of a more potent hDPP4 competitive inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsugu Araki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Norimasa Kanegawa
- Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited, Suntory World Research Center, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwata
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukari Sagae
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Masuda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited, Suntory World Research Center, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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19
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Seki E, Yamamoto A, Fujiwara Y, Yamane T, Satsu H, Ohkubo I. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitory Activity of Katsuobushi-Derived Peptides in Caco-2 Cell Assay and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in ICR Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6355-6367. [PMID: 32396370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic products of bonito stock residue inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). Here, we isolated, purified, and identified the components of its N5 fraction obtained after using neutral protease from Aspergillus oryzae. A 10% ethanol eluent (N5-2 fraction) from column chromatography was sequenced, yielding 18 peptides. Of these, Glu-Val-Phe, Ala-Val-Phe, and Gly-Val-Phe were identified as novel (IC50 values for DPP-IV inhibition were 525.56, 5466.49, and 2870.87 μM, respectively), whereas Trp-Val is the primary peptide (IC50 value of 36.99 μM, 1359 unit (mL/100 g N5-2 fraction) = (yield (mg)/100 g N5-2 fraction)/IC50 (μg/mL). Furthermore, the N5-2 fraction significantly decreased DPP-IV activity in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells (p < 0.05). From the oral glucose tolerance test using ICR mice, the N5-2 fraction significantly attenuated the rise in serum glucose levels compared with the control (p < 0.05) through cell-surface DPP-IV inhibition. We discuss the novelty, significance, and relevance of the findings in this study, as well as its broad applications for prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Seki
- Katsuobushi & Dashi Laboratories, Yamaki Co., Ltd., 1698-6 Kominato, Iyoshi, Ehime 799-3194, Japan
| | - Akihisa Yamamoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Maebashi Institute of Technology, 460-1 Kamisadori, Maebashi-City, Gunma 371-0816, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Fujiwara
- Katsuobushi & Dashi Laboratories, Yamaki Co., Ltd., 1698-6 Kominato, Iyoshi, Ehime 799-3194, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamane
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hideo Satsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Maebashi Institute of Technology, 460-1 Kamisadori, Maebashi-City, Gunma 371-0816, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohkubo
- Mikasa City Hospital, 489-1 Miyamoto-cho, Mikasa-shi, Hokkaido 068-2194, Japan
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21
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Yoshii K, Ogasawara M, Wada J, Yamamoto Y, Inouye K. Exploration of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors in a low-molecular mass extract of the earthworm Eisenia fetida and identification of the inhibitors as amino acids like methionine, leucine, histidine, and isoleucine. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 137:109534. [PMID: 32423671 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have reported previously that the water extract of the earthworm Eisenia fetida has inhibitory effect on human dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) in vitro. Here we studied to identify DPP IV inhibitors in a low-molecular mass extract (designated U3EE) under 3 kDa prepared from the water extract. U3EE showed 50 % inhibition (IC50) at the concentration of 5.3 ± 0.3 mg/mL. An inhibitory active fraction obtained by solid-phase extraction of U3EE was separated into three parts by reversed-phase HPLC. These parts were shown by GC/MS to be composed of ten (Ala, Gly, Thr, Ser, Asn, Asp, Lys, His, Orn, and cystine), two (Leu and Ile), and one (Met) amino acids, respectively. Among them, Met, Leu, and His showed strong inhibition with IC50 values of 3.4 ± 0.3, 6.1 ± 0.3 and 14.7 ± 1.2 mM, respectively; Ala, Lys, Orn, and Ile showed rather weaker inhibition than those, while the others showed no inhibition. Met, Leu, and Ile were competitive inhibitors and His was a mixed-type one. DPP IV inhibition by U3EE might be due to additive and/or synergistic effects of the inhibitory amino acids, suggesting that it could be useful as pharmaceutical and supplement for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Yoshii
- Research and Development Division, Waki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Room 307, Advanced Chemical Technology Center in Kyoto (ACT Kyoto), 105 Jibu-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8374, Japan
| | - Masako Ogasawara
- Research and Development Division, Waki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Room 307, Advanced Chemical Technology Center in Kyoto (ACT Kyoto), 105 Jibu-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8374, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Kyoto Municipal Institute of Industrial Technology and Culture, 91 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Kyoto Municipal Institute of Industrial Technology and Culture, 91 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Kuniyo Inouye
- Research and Development Division, Waki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Room 307, Advanced Chemical Technology Center in Kyoto (ACT Kyoto), 105 Jibu-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8374, Japan.
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22
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Zheng L, Xu Q, Lin L, Zeng XA, Sun B, Zhao M. In Vitro Metabolic Stability of a Casein-Derived Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) Inhibitory Peptide VPYPQ and Its Controlled Release from Casein by Enzymatic Hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10604-10613. [PMID: 31466448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibition and metabolic stability of a casein-derived peptide Val-Pro-Tyr-Pro-Gln (VPYPQ) and its fragments as well as their release from casein following hydrolysis. Results showed that VPYPQ was the most potent DPP-IV inhibitory peptide among them with an IC50 value of 41.45 μM. This might be due to its two internal Pro residues at positions 2 and 4. Moreover, VPYPQ was resistant to hydrolysis by gastrointestinal enzymes and was relatively more stable to hydrolysis by DPP-IV and peptidases in plasma compared with its fragments. Additionally, oral administration of VPYPQ at a dose of 90 μmol/kg body weight could reduce the postprandial blood glucose levels in mice. More importantly, VPYPQ could be released efficiently from casein following hydrolysis by a combination of papain and in vitro digestion, reaching up to 3211.15 μg/g. Therefore, VPYPQ was a promising casein-derived DPP-IV inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Qiongyao Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology & Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology & Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
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Giblin L, Yalçın AS, Biçim G, Krämer AC, Chen Z, Callanan MJ, Arranz E, Davies MJ. Whey proteins: targets of oxidation, or mediators of redox protection. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1136-1152. [PMID: 31510814 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1632445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bovine whey proteins are highly valued dairy ingredients. This is primarily due to their amino acid content, digestibility, bioactivities and their processing characteristics. One of the reported bioactivities of whey proteins is antioxidant activity. Numerous dietary intervention trials with humans and animals indicate that consumption of whey products can modulate redox biomarkers to reduce oxidative stress. This bioactivity has in part been assigned to whey peptides using a range of biochemical or cellular assays in vitro. Superimposing whey peptide sequences from gastrointestinal samples, with whey peptides proven to be antioxidant in vitro, allows us to propose peptides from whey likely to exhibit antioxidant activity in the diet. However, whey proteins themselves are targets of oxidation during processing particularly when exposed to high thermal loads and/or extensive processing (e.g. infant formula manufacture). Oxidative damage of whey proteins can be selective with regard to the residues that are modified and are associated with the degree of protein unfolding, with α-Lactalbumin more susceptible than β-Lactoglobulin. Such oxidative damage may have adverse effects on human health. This review summarises how whey proteins can modulate cellular redox pathways and conversely how whey proteins can be oxidised during processing. Given the extensive processing steps that whey proteins are often subjected to, we conclude that oxidation during processing is likely to compromise the positive health attributes associated with whey proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - A Süha Yalçın
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Biçim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Anna C Krämer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhifei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J Callanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elena Arranz
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Identification of bioactive short peptides in cow milk by high-performance liquid chromatography on C18 and porous graphitic carbon coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3395-3404. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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O’Halloran J, O’Sullivan M, Casey E. Production of Whey-Derived DPP-IV Inhibitory Peptides Using an Enzymatic Membrane Reactor. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-019-02253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Yan J, Zhao J, Yang R, Zhao W. Bioactive peptides with antidiabetic properties: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Jianguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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Liu R, Cheng J, Wu H. Discovery of Food-Derived Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitory Peptides: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030463. [PMID: 30678216 PMCID: PMC6387223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder which leads to high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes and results from the body’s ineffective use of insulin. Over ten dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory drugs have been developed and marketed around the world in the past decade. However, owing to the reported adverse effects of the synthetic DPP-IV inhibitors, attempts have been made to find DPP-IV inhibitors from natural sources. Food-derived components, such as protein hydrolysates (peptides), have been suggested as potential DPP-IV inhibitors which can help manage blood glucose levels. This review focuses on the methods of discovery of food-derived DPP-IV inhibitory peptides, including fractionation and purification approaches, in silico analysis methods, in vivo studies, and the bioavailability of these food-derived peptides. Moreover, food-derived DPP-IV inhibitory peptides discovered during this decade are listed and distributed in a 3D scatter plot graph based on their IC50, molecular weight, and grand average of hydropathicity values, which can help us to understand the relationship between the features of the peptides and their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Jianming Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Corrochano AR, Sariçay Y, Arranz E, Kelly PM, Buckin V, Giblin L. Comparison of antioxidant activities of bovine whey proteins before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:54-67. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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29
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Nongonierma AB, Dellafiora L, Paolella S, Galaverna G, Cozzini P, FitzGerald RJ. In Silico Approaches Applied to the Study of Peptide Analogs of Ile-Pro-Ile in Relation to Their Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitory Properties. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:329. [PMID: 29963014 PMCID: PMC6010526 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) may be exploited to maintain the incretin effect during the postprandial phase. As a result, glycemic regulation and energy homeostasis may be improved. Food protein-derived peptides have been identified as natural agents capable of inhibiting DPP-IV. Ile-Pro-Ile is the most potent DPP-IV inhibitory peptide identified to date. A minimum analog peptide set approach was used to study peptide analogs of Ile-Pro-Ile. The DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the 25 peptides evaluated ranged from 3.9 ± 1.0 µM (Ile-Pro-Ile) to 247.0 ± 32.7 µM (Phe-Pro-Phe). The presence of Pro at position 2 of tripeptides was required to achieve high DPP-IV inhibition. Most peptides behaved as competitive inhibitors of DPP-IV with the exception of peptides with a N-terminal Trp, which were mixed-type inhibitors. While possessing the structure of preferred DPP-IV substrates, most peptides studied were particularly stable during 30 min incubation with DPP-IV. Molecular docking revealed that Ile-Pro-Ile and its peptide analogs interacted in a very similar manner with the active site of DPP-IV. In addition, no correlation was found between the Hydropathic INTeraction score and the DPP-IV IC50 values of the peptides studied. This outcome suggests that free energy may not be directly responsible for enzyme inhibition by the peptides. Finally, novel DPP-IV inhibitory peptides were identified using the strategy employed herein. These results may be relevant for the development of food protein-derived peptides with serum glucose lowering and food intake regulatory properties in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B. Nongonierma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Sara Paolella
- Department of Biological Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Pietro Cozzini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Richard J. FitzGerald
- Department of Biological Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Corrochano AR, Buckin V, Kelly PM, Giblin L. Invited review: Whey proteins as antioxidants and promoters of cellular antioxidant pathways. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4747-4761. [PMID: 29605324 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to cell injury and aggravates several chronic diseases. Dietary antioxidants help the body to fight against free radicals and, therefore, avoid or reduce oxidative stress. Recently, proteins from milk whey liquid have been described as antioxidants. This review summarizes the evidence that whey products exhibit radical scavenging activity and reducing power. It examines the processing and treatment attempts to increase the antioxidant bioactivity and identifies 1 enzyme, subtilisin, which consistently produces the most potent whey fractions. The review compares whey from different milk sources and puts whey proteins in the context of other known food antioxidants. However, for efficacy, the antioxidant activity of whey proteins must not only survive processing, but also upper gut transit and arrival in the bloodstream, if whey products are to promote antioxidant levels in target organs. Studies reveal that direct cell exposure to whey samples increases intracellular antioxidants such as glutathione. However, the physiological relevance of these in vitro assays is questionable, and evidence is conflicting from dietary intervention trials, with both rats and humans, that whey products can boost cellular antioxidant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto R Corrochano
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996; School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, D04 V1W8
| | - Vitaly Buckin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, D04 V1W8
| | - Phil M Kelly
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996
| | - Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996.
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Yang J, Sun-Waterhouse D, Cui C, Dong K, Zhao M. γ
-Glu-Met synthesised using a bacterial glutaminase as a potential inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Chun Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Keming Dong
- Guangdong Weiwei Biotechnology Co., LTD.; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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32
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Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. Features of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides from dietary proteins. J Food Biochem 2017; 43:e12451. [PMID: 31353485 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is involved in incretin hormone processing and therefore plays a key role in glycemic regulation. This review summarizes the latest developments in food protein-derived DPP-IV inhibitory peptides. The in silico approaches currently used to develop targeted strategies for the enzymatic release of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from food proteins are outlined. The features within the primary sequences of potent DPP-IV inhibitory di-, tri-, and larger peptides, having half maximal inhibitory activity (IC50 ) < 100 µM, were evaluated and the outcomes are presented herein. It is proposed that detailed analysis of those food derived peptides identified in humans following ingestion may constitute a practical strategy for the targeted identification of novel bioavailable DPP-IV inhibitory peptides. Human intervention studies are required as the specific role of food protein-derived DPP-IV inhibitory peptides in the regulation of glycaemia in humans remains to be fully elucidated. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review provides recent information on dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides arising from food protein hydrolysates. Small animal studies have demonstrated that food protein hydrolysates with in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory properties also display antidiabetic activity. DPP-IV inhibitory peptides may be used as food ingredients to improve glycemic regulation in Type 2 diabetics. Therefore, the development of potent DPP-IV inhibitory hydrolysates containing bioavailable peptides in humans is of significant interest. This may help in the formulation of foods containing physiologically relevant doses of bioactive hydrolysates/peptides. Acquisition of detailed knowledge of DPP-IV inhibitory peptide features via the utilization of in silico tools may help to optimize the release of potent DPP-IV inhibitory peptides during enzymatic hydrolysis of food proteins. This review provides information on features within the primary sequences of potent DPP-IV inhibitory peptides and current in silico strategies which may be used to inform on the targeted enzymatic hydrolysis of food proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Nongonierma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Richard J FitzGerald
- Department of Biological Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Nongonierma AB, Paolella S, Mudgil P, Maqsood S, FitzGerald RJ. Identification of novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides in camel milk protein hydrolysates. Food Chem 2017; 244:340-348. [PMID: 29120791 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nine novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides (FLQY, FQLGASPY, ILDKEGIDY, ILELA, LLQLEAIR, LPVP, LQALHQGQIV, MPVQA and SPVVPF) were identified in camel milk proteins hydrolysed with trypsin. This was achieved using a sequential approach combining liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), qualitative/quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) and confirmatory studies with synthetic peptides. The most potent camel milk protein-derived DPP-IV inhibitory peptides, LPVP and MPVQA, had DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 87.0 ± 3.2 and 93.3 ± 8.0 µM, respectively. DPP-IV inhibitory peptide sequences identified within camel and bovine milk protein hydrolysates generated under the same hydrolysis conditions differ. This was linked to differences in enzyme selectivity for peptide bond cleavage of camel and bovine milk proteins as well as dissimilarities in their amino acid sequences. Camel milk proteins contain novel DPP-IV inhibitory peptides which may play a role in the regulation of glycaemia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Nongonierma
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sara Paolella
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Priti Mudgil
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Richard J FitzGerald
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Nongonierma AB, Lalmahomed M, Paolella S, FitzGerald RJ. Milk protein isolate (MPI) as a source of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides. Food Chem 2017; 231:202-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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35
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Nongonierma AB, Paolella S, Mudgil P, Maqsood S, FitzGerald RJ. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory properties of camel milk protein hydrolysates generated with trypsin. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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36
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Le Maux S, Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. Peptide composition and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory properties of β-lactoglobulin hydrolysates having similar extents of hydrolysis while generated using different enzyme-to-substrate ratios. Food Res Int 2017; 99:84-90. [PMID: 28784550 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactoglobulin hydrolysates (βlgHs) were generated using elastase at enzyme-to-substrate ratios (E:S) of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% in order to reach target degree of hydrolysis (DH) values of 9 and 13%. The impact of different E:S during manufacture on hydrolysates having similar DHs was assessed. Samples with similar DHs generated with different E:S showed comparable molecular mass distribution profiles and in vitro dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities (p>0.05). Liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that 62 and 84% of the peptides identified were common within hydrolysates having a similar DH of 9 or 13%, respectively. Differences in the peptides identified within hydrolysates having similar DHs may be due to E:S dependent modifications in specificity and enzyme kinetics. Overall, this study showed that reduction in E:S while targeting the development of a similar DH for βlgHs may be employed to reduce the cost of hydrolysate production without having an adverse impact on the bioactivity and physicochemical properties studied herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Le Maux
- Department of Biological Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alice B Nongonierma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Richard J FitzGerald
- Department of Biological Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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37
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Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from Chlorella vulgaris: in silico gastrointestinal hydrolysis and molecular mechanism. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Nongonierma AB, Mazzocchi C, Paolella S, FitzGerald RJ. Release of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides from milk protein isolate (MPI) during enzymatic hydrolysis. Food Res Int 2017; 94:79-89. [PMID: 28290371 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The release of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides from bovine milk protein isolate (MPI) during trypsin hydrolysis was studied using a design of experiments (DOE) approach. A 3 factor×3 level DOE including temperature (40, 50 and 60°C), enzyme to substrate ratio (E:S; 0.50, 1.25 and 2.00% (w/w)) and hydrolysis time (60, 150 and 240min) was used during the generation of 15 hydrolysates (H1-H15). The degree of hydrolysis (DH) varied between 6.98±0.31 (H8) to 12.75±0.62% (H10). The DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranged from 0.68±0.06 (H11)/0.68±0.10 (H4) to 1.59±0.11mgmL-1 (H8). Temperature had no effect (p>0.05) on the DPP-IV IC50 value, while an increase in E:S or time significantly decreased DPP-IV IC50 value (p<0.05). The DPP-IV IC50 value of 0.69mgmL-1, predicted by response surface methodology (RSM), to be obtained with an hydrolysate generated at 50.5°C, 2% ES and 231min (H16) was similar to the experimentally obtained value (DPP-IV IC50=0.66±0.10mgmL-1, p>0.05, n=3). Following simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) of H16 (H16_CorPP), the DPP-IV IC50 value increased (p<0.05) to 0.90±0.07mgmL-1. There was no significant difference between the DPP-IV IC50 value of the SGID of MPI (MPI_CorPP, 0.89±0.11mgmL-1) and that of H16_CorPP. Potent known DPP-IV inhibitory peptide sequences were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) within H16, some of which were also present within H16_CorPP. MPI hydrolysates may be of interest for serum glucose regulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Nongonierma
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Caterina Mazzocchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sara Paolella
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Richard J FitzGerald
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Nongonierma AB, Hennemann M, Paolella S, FitzGerald RJ. Generation of wheat gluten hydrolysates with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory properties. Food Funct 2017; 8:2249-2257. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wheat gluten hydrolysates contain known/potential DPP-IV inhibitory peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Nongonierma
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI)
| | - M. Hennemann
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
| | - S. Paolella
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI)
| | - R. J. FitzGerald
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI)
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40
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Connolly A, O'Keeffe MB, Nongonierma AB, Piggott CO, FitzGerald RJ. Isolation of peptides from a novel brewers spent grain protein isolate with potential to modulate glycaemic response. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Connolly
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Limerick; Castletroy Limerick Ireland
| | - Martina B. O'Keeffe
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Limerick; Castletroy Limerick Ireland
| | - Alice B. Nongonierma
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Limerick; Castletroy Limerick Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland; Department of Life Sciences; University of Limerick; Castletroy Limerick Ireland
| | - Charles O. Piggott
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Limerick; Castletroy Limerick Ireland
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41
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Lin YS, Han CH, Lin SY, Hou WC. Synthesized Peptides from Yam Dioscorin Hydrolysis in Silico Exhibit Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitory Activities and Oral Glucose Tolerance Improvements in Normal Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6451-6458. [PMID: 27499387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RRDY, RL, and DPF were the top 3 of 21 peptides for inhibitions against dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) from the pepsin hydrolysis of yam dioscorin in silico and were further investigated in a proof-of-concept study in normal ICR mice for regulating glucose metabolism by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The sample or sitagliptin (positive control) was orally administered by a feeding gauge; 30 min later, the glucose loads (2.5 g/kg) were performed. RRDY, yam dioscorin, or sitagliptin preload, but not DPF, lowered the area under the curve (AUC0-120) of blood glucose and DPP-IV activity and elevated the AUC0-120 of blood insulin, which showed significant differences compared to control (P < 0.05 or 0.001). These results suggested that RRDY and yam dioscorin might be beneficial in glycemic control in normal mice and need further investigations in diabetic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuan-Hsiao Han
- Department of Health and Creative Vegetarian Science, Fo Guang University , Yilan County 262, Taiwan
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42
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Food-derived dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors as a potential approach for glycemic regulation – Current knowledge and future research considerations. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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43
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Nongonierma AB, Le Maux S, Hamayon J, FitzGerald RJ. Strategies for the release of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides in an enzymatic hydrolyzate of α-lactalbumin. Food Funct 2016; 7:3437-43. [PMID: 27410260 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00239k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bovine α-lactalbumin (α-La) contains numerous dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptide sequences within its primary structure. In silico analysis indicated that the targeted hydrolysis of α-La with elastase should release DPP-IV inhibitory peptides. An α-La isolate was hydrolysed with elastase under different conditions using an experimental design approach incorporating 3 factors (temperature, pH and enzyme to substrate ratio (E : S) ratio) at 2 levels. The hydrolyzate generated at pH 8.5, 50 °C, E : S 2.0% (w/w) (H9) displayed the highest mean DPP-IV inhibition value at 3.1 mg mL(-1) of 75.8 ± 3.7% and had a half maximal DPP-IV inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.20 ± 0.12 mg mL(-1). Five α-La-derived DPP-IV inhibitory peptides (GY, GL, GI, NY and WL) predicted to be released in silico were identified by liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) within H9 and its simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) sample. This preliminary study demonstrated the benefit of using a targeted approach combined with an experimental design in the generation of dietary protein hydrolyzates with DPP-IV inhibitory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Nongonierma
- Proteins and Peptides Research Group, Life Sciences Department, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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44
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Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. Structure activity relationship modelling of milk protein-derived peptides with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity. Peptides 2016; 79:1-7. [PMID: 26988873 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative structure activity type models were developed in an attempt to predict the key features of peptide sequences having dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity. The models were then employed to help predict the potential of peptides, which are currently reported in the literature to be present in the intestinal tract of humans following milk/dairy product ingestion, to act as inhibitors of DPP-IV. Two models (z- and v-scale) for short (2-5 amino acid residues) bovine milk peptides, behaving as competitive inhibitors of DPP-IV, were developed. The z- and the v-scale models (p<0.05, R(2) of 0.829 and 0.815, respectively) were then applied to 56 milk protein-derived peptides previously reported in the literature to be found in the intestinal tract of humans which possessed a structural feature of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides (P at the N2 position). Ten of these peptides were synthetized and tested for their in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory properties. There was no agreement between the predicted and experimentally determined DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for the competitive peptide inhibitors. However, the ranking for DPP-IV inhibitory potency of the competitive peptide inhibitors was conserved. Furthermore, potent in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory activity was observed with two peptides, LPVPQ (IC50=43.8±8.8μM) and IPM (IC50=69.5±8.7μM). Peptides present within the gastrointestinal tract of human may have promise for the development of natural DPP-IV inhibitors for the management of serum glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Nongonierma
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Richard J FitzGerald
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. Milk proteins as a source of tryptophan-containing bioactive peptides. Food Funct 2016; 6:2115-27. [PMID: 26027501 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan (W) is an essential amino acid which is primarily required for protein synthesis. It also acts as a precursor of key biomolecules for human health (serotonin, melatonin, tryptamine, niacin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), phosphorylated NAD (NADP), quinolinic acid, kynureric acid, etc.). Among dietary proteins, milk proteins are particularly rich in W. W residues within milk proteins may be released by proteolytic/peptidolytic enzymes either as a free amino acid or as part of peptide sequences. Different W-containing peptides originating from milk proteins have been shown in vitro to display a wide range of bioactivities such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition along with antioxidant, antidiabetic and satiating related properties. Free W has been shown in certain instances to have an effect on cognition and the aforementioned bioactive properties. However, a higher bioactive potency has generally been observed with specific W-containing peptides compared to free W. Since W is thermolabile, the impact of processing on the stability of W-containing peptides needs to be considered. Milk protein-derived W-containing peptides may have significant potential as natural health promoting agents in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Nongonierma
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.
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46
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Dave LA, Hayes M, Moughan PJ, Rutherfurd SM. Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitory and Antioxidant Peptides Derived from Human Gastrointestinal Endogenous Proteins. Int J Pept Res Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-016-9515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Le Maux S, Nongonierma AB, Murray B, Kelly PM, FitzGerald RJ. Identification of short peptide sequences in the nanofiltration permeate of a bioactive whey protein hydrolysate. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jin Y, Yan J, Yu Y, Qi Y. Screening and identification of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from deer skin hydrolysates by an integrated approach of LC–MS/MS and in silico analysis. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Oseguera-Toledo ME, Gonzalez de Mejia E, Amaya-Llano SL. Hard-to-cook bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) proteins hydrolyzed by alcalase and bromelain produced bioactive peptide fractions that inhibit targets of type-2 diabetes and oxidative stress. Food Res Int 2015; 76:839-851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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50
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Hayes M, Tiwari BK. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Peptides in Foods: An Overview of Sources, Downstream Processing Steps and Associated Bioactivities. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22485-508. [PMID: 26393573 PMCID: PMC4613320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides and carbohydrates are sourced from a myriad of plant, animal and insects and have huge potential for use as food ingredients and pharmaceuticals. However, downstream processing bottlenecks hinder the potential use of these natural bioactive compounds and add cost to production processes. This review discusses the health benefits and bioactivities associated with peptides and carbohydrates of natural origin and downstream processing methodologies and novel processes which may be used to overcome these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hayes
- The Food BioSciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- The Food BioSciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
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