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Gao P, Zhong W, Li T, Liu W, Zhou L. Room temperature, ultrafast and one-step synthesis of highly fluorescent sulfur quantum dots probe and their logic gate operation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 666:221-231. [PMID: 38598995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The direct and rapid conversion of abundant and cheap elemental sulfur into fluorescent sulfur quantum dots (SQDs) at room temperature is a critical and urgent challenge. Conventional synthesis methods require high temperatures, high pressures, or specific atmospheric conditions, making them complex and impractical for real applications. Herein, we propose a simple method for synthesizing SQDs simply by adding H2O2 to an elemental sulfur-ethylenediamine (S-EDA) solution at room temperature. Remarkably, within a mere 10 min, SQDs with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 23.6 % can be obtained without the need for additional steps. A comprehensive analysis of the mechanism has demonstrated that H2O2 is capable of converting Sx2- ions generated in the S-EDA solution into zero-valent sulfur atoms through oxidation. The obtained SQDs can be utilized as a fluorescent probe for detection of tetracycline (TC) and Ca2+ ions with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.137 μM and 0.386 μM respectively. Moreover, we have developed a sensitive logic gate sensor based on SQDs, harnessing the activated cascade effect to create an intelligent probe for monitoring trace levels of TC and Ca2+ ions. This paper not only presents a viable approach for ultrafast and scalable synthesis of SQDs at room temperature, but also contributes to the efficient utilization of elemental sulfur resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Weiheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tengbao Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomedical Polymer Materials, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomedical Polymer Materials, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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2
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Li Z. Facile Synthesis of B/P Co-Doping Multicolor Emissive Carbon Dots Derived from Phenylenediamine Isomers and Their Application in Anticounterfeiting. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:813. [PMID: 38786770 PMCID: PMC11123944 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) possess a considerable number of beneficial features for latent applications in biotargeted drugs, electronic transistors, and encrypted information. The synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots has become a trend in contemporary research, especially in the field of controllable multicolor fluorescent carbon dots. In this study, an elementary one-step hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize the multicolor fluorescent carbon dots by co-doping unique phenylenediamine isomers (o-PD, m-PD, and p-PD) with B and P elements, which under 365 nm UV light exhibited signs of lavender-color, grass-color, and tangerine-color fluorescence, respectively. Further investigations reveal the distinctness in the polymerization, surface-specific functional groups, and graphite N content of the multicolor CDs, which may be the chief factor regarding the different optical behaviors of the multicolor CDs. This new work offers a route for the exploration of multicolor CDs using B/P co-doping and suggests great potential in the field of optical materials, important information encryption, and commercial anticounterfeiting labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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3
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Park SW, Im SH, Hong WT, Yang HK, Jung YK. Lignin-derived carbon quantum dot/PVA films for totally blocking UV and high-energy blue light. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131919. [PMID: 38679248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to UV and high-energy blue light (HEBL) can cause fatal eye and skin injuries. As a result, it is crucial to protect our bodies from UV and HEBL radiation. To achieve complete blocking of UV and HEBL, we developed a lignin-derived carbon quantum dot (L-CQD)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film. L-CQD was synthesized from lignin, a waste woody biomass, and then blended with a PVA matrix to create a flexible L-CQD/PVA film. Thanks to simultaneous UV and HEBL absorption characteristics and bright color of L-CQD, the PVA film with 0.375 wt% L-CQD demonstrated outstanding blocking efficiency: 100 % in UV-C, UV-B, and UV-A, and at least 99.9 % in HEBL. It also exhibited a 44 % increase in lightness and a 12 % enhancement in transparency compared to lignin/PVA film. The film's ability to block UV and HEBL was further demonstrated by reducing >40 % UV-induced ROS formation in both cancerous and normal cell lines (Hs 294T, HeLa, CCD-986sk, and L929), as well as by blocking blue laser diode (LD) and LED. Since the L-CQD/PVA film is simple to produce, environmentally friendly, flexible, and thermally stable, it is suitable for use as a protective coating against sunlight and harmful emissions from IT devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Won Park
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hui Im
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Tae Hong
- Marine-Bionics convergence technology center, Pukyoung National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Electrical, Electronics and Software Engineering, Pukyoung National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyoung Yang
- Marine-Bionics convergence technology center, Pukyoung National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Electrical, Electronics and Software Engineering, Pukyoung National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Jung
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; School of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Li Q, Yin Y, Wang W, Liu B, Tong W, Zhang X, Liu J, Yang S. A Dual-Signal Sensing for the Visual and Luminescent Detection of p-Phenylenediamine Based on Cerium-Nitrogen-Co-Doped Carbon Dots. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03696-8. [PMID: 38642300 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a visual and luminescent dual-mode (colorimetric and fluorometric) method for the detection of P-phenylenediamine (PPD) in hair dye was successfully established based on cerium-nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (Ce, N-CDs) that displayed remarkable luminescence and peroxidase activity. Ce, N-CDs catalyzed H2O2 to produce superoxide anion, which then oxidized the colorless 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into blue oxidized TMB (oxTMB), capable of quenching the fluorescence through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between Ce, N-CDs and oxTMB. The reducing properties of PPD could reduce oxTMB back to TMB, leading to a decrease in the absorption intensity of oxTMB and a fluorescence recovery of Ce, N-CDs. As a result, the quantitative detection of PPD could be achieved by measuring the absorption values of oxTMB and the fluorescence signal of Ce, N-CDs. The detection limits for PPD were calculated as 0.36 µM and 0.10 µM for colorimetry and fluorimetry, respectively. Furthermore, smartphone application (ColorPicker) capable of measuring the RGB value of the color was utilized in the detection system, facilitating on-site quantitative detection. This approach effectively shortens the detection time and simplifies the operation, offering a powerful and convenient tool for real-time monitoring of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinquan Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengyuan Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Dimitriev O, Kysil D, Zaderko A, Isaieva O, Vasin A, Piryatinski Y, Fahlman M, Nazarov A. Photoluminescence quantum yield of carbon dots: emission due to multiple centers versus excitonic emission. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2185-2197. [PMID: 38633041 PMCID: PMC11019485 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are recognized as promising fluorescent nanomaterials with bright emission and large variations of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, there is still no unique approach for explanation of mechanisms and recipes for synthetic procedures/chemical composition of CDs responsible for the enhancement of PLQY. Here, we compare photophysical behavior and PLQY of two types of CDs synthesized by different routes, leading to the different extent of oxidation and composition. The first type of CDs represents a conjugated carbon system oxidized by F, N and O heteroatoms, whereas the second type represents a non-conjugated carbon system oxidized by oxygen. Photophysical data, photoemission spectroscopy and microscopy data yield the suggestion that in the first case, a structure with a distinct carbon core and highly oxidized electron-accepting shell is formed. This leads to the excitonic type non-tunable emission with single-exponent decay and high PLQY with a strong dependence on the solvent polarity, being as high as 93% in dioxane and as low as 30% in aqueous medium, but which is vulnerable to photobleaching. In the second case, the oxidized CDs do not indicate a clear core-shell structure and show poor solvatochromism, negligible photobleaching, low PLQY varying in the range of 0.7-2.3% depending on the solvent used, and tunable emission with multi-exponent decay, which can be described by the model of multiple emission centers acting through a clustering-triggered emission mechanism. The obtained results lead to a strategy that allows one to design carbon nanomaterials with principally different PLQYs that differ by orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Dimitriev
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine Pr. Nauky 41 Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
| | - Dmytro Kysil
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine Pr. Nauky 41 Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
| | - Alexander Zaderko
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University Kyiv 01033 Ukraine
| | - Oksana Isaieva
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine Pr. Nauky 41 Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
- National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy" Skovorody, 2 Kyiv 04070 Ukraine
| | - Andrii Vasin
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine Pr. Nauky 41 Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
- National Technical University "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" 37, Peremohy Ave. Kyiv 03056 Ukraine
| | - Yuri Piryatinski
- Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine Pr. Nauki 46 Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
| | - Alexei Nazarov
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine Pr. Nauky 41 Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
- National Technical University "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" 37, Peremohy Ave. Kyiv 03056 Ukraine
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6
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Liao S, Xiang J, Wu S. One-pot Synthesis of High-performance Green-emitting Carbon Dots for Cd 2+ Sensing and Anti-counterfeiting Applications. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03669-x. [PMID: 38507127 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a facile one-pot solvothermal synthesis of high-performance green fluorescent carbon dots (G-CDs) using o-phenylenediamine and ethylenediamine as precursors. The G-CDs show excellent optical, temporal, and chemical stability. Notably, they exhibit the highest quantum yield of 24.2% in ethanol and a strong green emission peaking at 546 nm under 440-490 nm excitation. In addition, G-CDs have outstanding salt resistance and multi-solvent compatibility. Due to its bright photoluminescence, G-CDs can be used as a secure ink for anti-counterfeiting. More remarkably, Cd2+ ions can efficiently quench the fluorescence of G-CDs with a detection limit of 0.152 µmol/L, enabling accurate quantification of Cd2+ in water systems. The simple synthesis of high-performance G-CDs expands their applicability in sensing and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Liao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamei Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaogui Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Dos Santos de Almeida W, Gomes Abegão LM, Vinicius Silva Alves A, de Oliveira Souza Silva J, Oliveira de Souza S, d'Errico F, Midori Sussuchi E. Carbon Dots based Tissue Equivalent Dosimeter as an Ionizing Radiation Sensor. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303771. [PMID: 38118132 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the potential of carbon dots as a fluorescent probe in the determination of heavy ions and as an electrochemical biosensor. It also discusses how carbon dots can be introduced into the Fricke solution to potentially serve as an ionizing radiation sensor. The study presents a novel tissue equivalent dosimeter carbon dots-based as an ionizing radiation sensor. The methodology for the synthesis of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Dots N-CDs and the characterization of the material are described. The results show that the N-CDs have a high sensitivity to ionizing radiation and can be used as a dosimeter for radiation detection. The study also discusses the limitations and challenges of using carbon dots as a dosimeter for ionizing radiation. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the potential applications of carbon dots in different fields and highlights the importance of further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandson Dos Santos de Almeida
- Grupo de Pesquisa em sensores eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SenM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnolodia- LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marcelo Deda Chagas, 304, Rosa Elze - São Cristóvão/SE, CEP 49107230
| | - Luis Miguel Gomes Abegão
- Grupo de Fotônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, 1533, Campus, Samambaia, Goiânia/GO, CEP 74690900
| | - Anderson Vinicius Silva Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marcelo Deda Chagas, 304, Rosa Elze - São Cristóvão/SE, CEP 49107230
| | - Jonatas de Oliveira Souza Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em sensores eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SenM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnolodia- LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marcelo Deda Chagas, 304, Rosa Elze - São Cristóvão/SE, CEP 49107230
| | - Susana Oliveira de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marcelo Deda Chagas, 304, Rosa Elze - São Cristóvão/SE, CEP 49107230
| | | | - Eliana Midori Sussuchi
- Grupo de Pesquisa em sensores eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SenM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnolodia- LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marcelo Deda Chagas, 304, Rosa Elze - São Cristóvão/SE, CEP 49107230
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8
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Liang F, Liu Y, Sun J, Liu C, Deng C, Seidi F, Sun R, Xiao H. Facile preparation, optical mechanism elaboration, and bio-imaging application of fluorescent cellulose nanocrystals with tunable emission wavelength. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128648. [PMID: 38061518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Interfacing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with fluorescent materials provides more possibilities for constructing of sensory/imaging platforms in biomedical applications. In this work, by harnessing the efficient extraction accompanied modification of CNCs and adjustable optical properties of carbon dots (CDs), we report the constructions and emission wavelength tuning of fluorescent CNCs (F-CNCs) composed of CNC nano-scaffolds and CDs. The as-prepared CNCs are densely decorated with citric acid (CA), which plays the role of carbon source for the in-situ synthesis of CDs on CNCs. For the F-CNCs carrying blue, green, and red emissive CDs, ethylenediamine (EDA), urea, and thiourea are the N or N/S sources. Fingerprints of chemical groups, morphological characters, and redox activities are resolved to elaborate the optical mechanisms of CDs with varying emission colors. The emission wavelength is adjusted by either changing the particle size or introducing new emission centers. Both are primarily achieved via precursor engineering. The F-CNCs reveal quantum yields (QYs) >22 % and negligible fluorescence quenching (< 6 %) upon continuous excitation as long as 24 h. Benefited from their cell membrane penetration capability, the F-CNCs with different emission wavelengths were challenged for multiplexed cytoplasm imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Liang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, China
| | - Yuqian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, China.
| | - Jianglei Sun
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, China
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Canada
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Bhowmick S, Mukherjee J, Ghosal M, Nayak C, Satpati B, Pramanik G, Karmakar P. Green to deep-red emissive carbon dot formation by C +ion implantation on nitrogen beam created self-masked nano-template. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:125301. [PMID: 38086069 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad14b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We report the formation of green to red emissive arrays of carbon dot on silicon-nitride nano-templates by successive implantation of nitrogen and carbon broad ion beams. The patterned nano-templates are formed by 14 keV N2+ion-bombardment at grazing incident (70°) on Si. Subsequently, 5 keV C+ions are implanted at the selective sites of the pyramidal nano-template by taking advantage of the self-masking effect. The nano-pyramidal pattern and the implanted carbon dots at the specific sites are confirmed by atomic force microscopy and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy measurements. The developed carbon dots (CDs) are mostly amorphous and consists of SiC and graphitic nitrogen (CN). G-band and D-band carbons are identified by Raman spectroscopy, while the presence of SiC and CN are detected by XPS measurements. A change of band-gap is observed for C-implanted templates by the UV-vis spectroscopy. Excitation wavelength-dependent photoemission from the dots is found in the green to red region. Maximum intense PL is observed in the green-orange region for excitation wavelength of 425 nm and a redshift of PL with decreasing intensity is observed with the increase of excitation wavelength. The observed photoluminescence is described in terms of the combined effects of quantum confinement, graphitic nitrogen and defect induced additional states formation in the carbon dots. The potential applications of CDs are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Bhowmick
- Ion Beam Development and Application Section, RIBF Group, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, HBNI, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Joy Mukherjee
- Ion Beam Development and Application Section, RIBF Group, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, HBNI, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Manorama Ghosal
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Chumki Nayak
- J. C. Bose Institute, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Biswarup Satpati
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Goutam Pramanik
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, LB-8, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700106, India
| | - Prasanta Karmakar
- Ion Beam Development and Application Section, RIBF Group, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, HBNI, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
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10
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Sasikumar K, Rajamanikandan R, Ju H. Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Codoped Strong Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots for the Highly Specific Quantification of Quercetin in Food Samples. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7686. [PMID: 38138829 PMCID: PMC10744681 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) doped with heteroatoms have garnered significant interest due to their chemically modifiable luminescence properties. Herein, nitrogen- and sulfur-codoped carbon dots (NS-CDs) were successfully prepared using p-phenylenediamine and thioacetamide via a facile process. The as-developed NS-CDs had high photostability against photobleaching, good water dispersibility, and excitation-independent spectral emission properties due to the abundant amino and sulfur functional groups on their surface. The wine-red-colored NS-CDs exhibited strong green emission with a large Stokes shift of up to 125 nm upon the excitation wavelength of 375 nm, with a high quantum yield (QY) of 28%. The novel NS-CDs revealed excellent sensitivity for quercetin (QT) detection via the fluorescence quenching effect, with a low detection limit of 17.3 nM within the linear range of 0-29.7 μM. The fluorescence was quenched only when QT was brought near the NS-CDs. This QT-induced quenching occurred through the strong inner filter effect (IFE) and the complex bound state formed between the ground-state QT and excited-state NS-CDs. The quenching-based detection strategies also demonstrated good specificity for QT over various interferents (phenols, biomolecules, amino acids, metal ions, and flavonoids). Moreover, this approach could be effectively applied to the quantitative detection of QT (with good sensing recovery) in real food samples such as red wine and onion samples. The present work, consequently, suggests that NS-CDs may open the door to the sensitive and specific detection of QT in food samples in a cost-effective and straightforward manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heongkyu Ju
- Department of Physics, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (R.R.)
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11
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Singh P, Arpita, Kumar S, Kumar P, Kataria N, Bhankar V, Kumar K, Kumar R, Hsieh CT, Khoo KS. Assessment of biomass-derived carbon dots as highly sensitive and selective templates for the sensing of hazardous ions. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16241-16267. [PMID: 37439261 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01966g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Access to safe drinking water and a hygienic living environment are the basic necessities that encourage healthy living. However, the presence of various pollutants (especially toxic heavy metal ions) at high concentrations in water renders water unfit for drinking and domestic use. The presence of high concentrations of heavy-metal ions (e.g., Pb2+, Hg2+, Cr6+, Cd2+, or Cu2+) greater than their permissible limits adversely affects human health, and increases the risk of cancer of the kidneys, liver, skin, and central nervous system. Therefore, their detection in water is crucial. Due to the various benefits of "green"-synthesized carbon-dots (C-dots) over other materials, these materials are potential candidates for sensing of toxic heavy-metal ions in water sources. C-dots are very small carbon-based nanomaterials that show chemical stability, magnificent biocompatibility, excitation wavelength-dependent photoluminescence (PL), water solubility, simple preparation strategies, photoinduced electron transfer, and the opportunity for functionalization. A new family of C-dots called "carbon quantum dots" (CQDs) are fluorescent zero-dimensional carbon nanoparticles of size < 10 nm. The green synthesis of C-dots has numerous advantages over conventional chemical routes, such as utilization of inexpensive and non-poisonous materials, straightforward operations, rapid reactions, and renewable precursors. Natural sources, such as biomass and biomass wastes, are broadly accepted as green precursors for fabricating C-dots because these sources are economical, ecological, and readily/extensively accessible. Two main methods are available for C-dots production: top-down and bottom-up. Herein, this review article discusses the recent advancements in the green fabrication of C-dots: photostability; surface structure and functionalization; potential applications for the sensing of hazardous anions and toxic heavy-metal ions; binding of toxic ions with C-dots; probable mechanistic routes of PL-based sensing of toxic heavy-metal ions. The green production of C-dots and their promising applications in the sensing of hazardous ions discussed herein provides deep insights into the safety of human health and the environment. Nonetheless, this review article provides a resource for the conversion of low-value biomass and biomass waste into valuable materials (i.e., C-dots) for promising sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Permender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonipat-131039, Haryana, India.
| | - Arpita
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Parmod Kumar
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Navish Kataria
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Vinita Bhankar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonipat-131039, Haryana, India.
| | - Ravi Kumar
- J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad-121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Chien-Te Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam-603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Arpita, Kumar P, Kataria N, Narwal N, Kumar S, Kumar R, Khoo KS, Show PL. Plastic Waste-Derived Carbon Dots: Insights of Recycling Valuable Materials Towards Environmental Sustainability. CURRENT POLLUTION REPORTS 2023; 9:1-21. [PMID: 37362608 PMCID: PMC10214366 DOI: 10.1007/s40726-023-00268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) or carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as rising stars in the carbon family due to their diverse applications in various fields. CDs are spherical particles with a well-distributed size of less than 10 nm. Functional CDs are promising nanomaterials with low toxicity, low cost, and enormous applications in the field of bioimaging, optoelectronics, photocatalysis, and sensing. Plastic is non-biodegradable and hazardous to the environment, however extremely durable and used in abundance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of plastic waste, particularly masks, goggles, face shields, and shoe cover, has increased tremendously. It needs to be recycled in a productive way as plastic wastes take hundreds or thousands of years to degrade naturally. The conversion of plastic waste into magnificent CDs has been reported as one of the key alternatives for environmental sustainability and socio-economic benefits. In this review, synthetic routes for the conversion of plastic wastes into CDs utilizing hydrothermal, solvothermal, pyrolysis, flash joule heating, and characterization of these CDs using different techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscope, have been discussed. Furthermore, potential applications of these plastic-derived CDs in sensing, catalysis, agronomics, and LED lights are summarized herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita
- Faculty of Sciences, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Haryana 121006 Faridabad, India
| | - Parmod Kumar
- Faculty of Sciences, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Haryana 121006 Faridabad, India
| | - Navish Kataria
- Faculty of Sciences, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Haryana 121006 Faridabad, India
| | - Nishita Narwal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078 India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Faculty of Sciences, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Haryana 121006 Faridabad, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Faculty of Sciences, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Haryana 121006 Faridabad, India
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, 602105, Chennai, India
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Regulating Optoelectronics of Carbon Dots with Redox-active Dopamine. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
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14
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Sarkar S, Raghavan A, Deshpande S, Nayak VL, Misra S, Sistla R, Ghosh S. Valorization of Yellow Oleander to Nitrogen Doped Carbon Dots: Theragnostic and Genotoxicity Assessment. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suprabhat Sarkar
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Akshaya Raghavan
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Shruti Deshpande
- Applied Biology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - V. Lakshma Nayak
- Applied Biology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Applied Biology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Applied Biology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sutapa Ghosh
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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15
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Li J, Ma X, Ma M. Preparation and performance study of dye-based carbon quantum dots. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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16
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Saita S, Kawasaki H. Carbon nanodots with a controlled N structure by a solvothermal method for generation of reactive oxygen species under visible light. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:127-135. [PMID: 36581317 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots can function as photosensitizers that have the ability to generate reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen, hydroxy (OH) radicals, and superoxide ions. However, most of these can only be generated upon ultraviolet light excitation. Additionally, the mechanism of reactive oxygen species generation by carbon nanodots remains unclear. The development of carbon nanodots that can photosensitize under visible light irradiation is desirable for applications such as photodynamic therapy and pollutant decomposition under visible light. Here, we report novel carbon nanodot-based photosensitizers that generate reactive oxygen species under visible light; they were synthesized using a solvothermal method with two solvents (formamide and water) and amidol as the carbon source. Carbon nanodots from the solvothermal synthesis in formamide showed blue fluorescence, while those obtained in water showed green fluorescence. The photo-excited blue-fluorescent carbon nanodots produced OH radicals, superoxide ions, and singlet oxygen, and therefore could function as both type I and type II photosensitizers. In addition, photo-excited green-fluorescent carbon nanodots generated only singlet oxygen, therefore functioning as type II photosensitizers. It is proposed that the two photosensitizers have different origins of reactive oxygen species generation: the enrichment of graphitic N for blue-fluorescent carbon nanodots and molecular fluorophores for green-fluorescent carbon nanodots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Saita
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Nitrogen-doped Carbon dots for sequential ‘ON-OFF-ON’ fluorescence probe for the sensitive detection of Fe3+ and L-alanine/L-histidine. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Mate N, Pranav, Nabeela K, Kaur N, Mobin SM. Insight into the Modulation of Carbon-Dot Optical Sensing Attributes through a Reduction Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43759-43769. [PMID: 36506169 PMCID: PMC9730317 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized/reduced carbon dots (CDs) with tunable optical features have emerged as a new class of CDs having a common "molecular origin" but different fluorescence (FL) behaviors. In the present work, using "banana peel" as a sole carbon source followed by doping with fluorine (F), boron (B), and nitrogen (N) over CDs, banana peel-derived carbon dots (BP-CDs) were synthesized using a well-known hydrothermal synthesis method. Moreover, as-synthesized BP-CDs were further reduced to "rBP-CDs" by NaBH4. At post reduction, the FL performance (i.e., quantum yield) of rBP-CDs were found to be enhanced compared with the BP-CDs, along with variations in excitation and emission wavelengths. Interestingly, the optical sensing attributes of BP-CDs and rBP-CDs were varied, that is, BP-CDs selectively sense "Co2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 180 nM", whereas rBP-CDs detected Co2+ (with an LOD value of 242 nM) as well as Hg2+ (with an LOD value of 190 nM). To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the very first report on the modulation of CDs' sensing behavior after reduction. The modulation in the sensing behavior with the common carbon precursor and reduction paves a new possibility for exploring CDs for different commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmiti Mate
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore453552, India
| | - Pranav
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore453552, India
| | - Kallayi Nabeela
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore453552, India
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department
of Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore453552, India
| | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore453552, India
- Department
of Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore453552, India
- Centre
for Advanced Electronics (CAE), Indian Institute
of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore453552, India
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19
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Han J, Wu J, Guan S, Xu R, Zhang J, Wang J, Guan T, Liu Z, Li K. Interference effect of nitrogen-doped CQDs on tailoring nanostructure of CoMoP for improving high-effective water splitting. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Wang J, Qu Y, Wang X, Pan W, Sun X. A simple carbon dots based method to discriminate doxycycline, chlortetracycline from tetracyclines. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Strickland S, Jorns M, Heyd L, Pappas D. Novel synthesis of fibronectin derived photoluminescent carbon dots for bioimaging applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30487-30494. [PMID: 36337972 PMCID: PMC9597609 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) derived from human plasma has been used for the first time as the carbon precursor in the top-down, microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon dots (CDs). FN is a large glycoprotein primarily known for its roles in cell adhesion and cell growth. Due to these properties FN can be over expressed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of some cancers allowing FN to be used as an indicator for the detection of cancerous cells over non-cancerous cells. These FN derived CDs display violet photoluminescence with UV excitation and appear to possess similar functional groups on their surface to their carbon precursor (-COOH and -NH2). This is believed to be due to the self-passivation of the CDs' nitrogen-containing surface functional groups during the heating process. These CDs were then used to stain MCF-7 and MDA-231 breast cancer cells and were observed to interact primarily with the cell membrane rather than intercalating into the cell like the many other types of CDs. This led to the hypothesis that the CDs are selectively binding to the FN overexpressed within the cancer cells' ECM via amide linkages. This is in agreement with the EDX and FTIR spectra of the FN CDs which indicate the presence of -COOH and nitrogen containing surface groups like -NH3. The inherent selectivity of the CDs combined with their ability to photoluminesce enables their use as a fluorophore for bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Strickland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
| | - Mychele Jorns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
| | - Lindsey Heyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
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22
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Sen Ding S, Xiao Li M, Xiang Y, Tang J, Zhang Q, Huang M, Hui Zhao X, Wang J, Mei Li C. Synergistic effect-mediated fluorescence switching of nitrogen-doped carbon dots for visual detection of alkaline phosphatase. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Sahu Y, Hashmi A, Patel R, Singh AK, Susan MABH, Carabineiro SAC. Potential Development of N-Doped Carbon Dots and Metal-Oxide Carbon Dot Composites for Chemical and Biosensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3434. [PMID: 36234561 PMCID: PMC9565249 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Among carbon-based nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have received a surge of interest in recent years due to their attractive features such as tunable photoluminescence, cost effectiveness, nontoxic renewable resources, quick and direct reactions, chemical and superior water solubility, good cell-membrane permeability, and simple operation. CDs and their composites have a large potential for sensing contaminants present in physical systems such as water resources as well as biological systems. Tuning the properties of CDs is a very important subject. This review discusses in detail heteroatom doping (N-doped CDs, N-CDs) and the formation of metal-based CD nanocomposites using a combination of matrices, such as metals and metal oxides. The properties of N-CDs and metal-based CDs nanocomposites, their syntheses, and applications in both chemical sensing and biosensing are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg 491001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ayesha Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg 491001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rajmani Patel
- Hemchand Yadav University, Durg 491001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ajaya K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg 491001, Chhattisgarh, India
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | | | - Sónia A. C. Carabineiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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24
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Facile synthesis of red-emissive carbon dots with theoretical understanding for cellular imaging. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Chandrasekaran P, Sivaraman G, Rasala S, Sethuraman MG, Kotla NG, Rochev Y. Quercetin conjugated fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots for targeted cancer therapy application. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5645-5653. [PMID: 35861218 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the development of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NDCDs) as a drug carrier using quercetin (QC) as a model drug for anti-cancer drug delivery application. NDCDs were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method using Luffa acutangula as a carbon source. The characterization of QC-NDCDs was done by UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NDCDs have a small particle size with hydroxyl and nitrogen-containing groups (pyridinic and amide groups), enhancing the fluorescence properties, and were obtained in a good quantum yield (14%). Furthermore, the in vitro alamarBlue® assay revealed that the NDCDs-QC conjugate was nontoxic to colon cancer cells. This NDCDs-QC conjugate is able to kill cancer cells in the NDCDs-QC form compared to free QC as confirmed by in vitro MTT assay results. Thus, the developed NDCDs conjugate can be used as a promising drug delivery and bio-imaging vehicle in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Chandrasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624302, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Gandhi Sivaraman
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624302, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Swetha Rasala
- CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, H92 W2TY, Ireland.
| | - Mathur Gopalakrishnan Sethuraman
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624302, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Niranjan G Kotla
- CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, H92 W2TY, Ireland.
| | - Yury Rochev
- CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, H92 W2TY, Ireland.
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26
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Shi S, Zhang P, Chu X, Liu Y, Feng W, Zhou N, Shen J. Combination of Carbon Dots for the Design of Superhydrophobic Fluorescent Materials with Bioinspired Micro-Nano Multiscale Hierarchical Structure. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Wang J, Du Y, Du J. Green-emission nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots from alkaline N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone for determination of β-galactosidase and its inhibitors. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:282. [PMID: 35840722 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new fluorescence method was established for sensitive detection of β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity in spiked human serum and screening of inhibitor. Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were prepared by solvothermal polymerization of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone in an alkaline condition. The colloidal N-CQDs exhibit good water solubility, stability, and emit bright green fluorescence with a maximum emission peak at 528 nm upon excitation at 420 nm. β-gal specifically catalyzes the decomposition of its substrate P-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside into 4-nitrophenol, whose absorption spectrum overlaps well with the excitation spectrum of the N-CQDs. As a result, the fluorescence of the N-CQDs is remarkably quenched by 4-nitrophenol via an inner filter effect. The sensing platform presents a linear response range for β-gal activity from 0.05 to 3.0 U·L-1 with a low limit of detection of 0.023 U·L-1. An acceptable precision is obtained with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.1% for 1.0 U·L-1 β-gal (n = 11). The method was applied to determine β-gal in spiked human serums with recoveries in the range 96.3-104.7%. The method was employed to evaluate inhibitor screening with D-galactal and chloroquine diphosphate as models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yi Du
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jianxiu Du
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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28
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Facile Synthesis of Multi-Emission Nitrogen/Boron Co-Doped Carbon Dots from Lignin for Anti-Counterfeiting Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142779. [PMID: 35890555 PMCID: PMC9316793 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation of lignin with natural aromatic structure into value-added carbon dots (CDs) achieves a win-win situation for low-cost production of novel nanomaterials and reasonable disposal of biomass waste. However, it remains challenging to produce multi-emission CDs from biomass for advanced applications. Herein, a green and facile approach to preparing multi-emission CDs from alkali lignin via N and B co-doping is developed. The obtained N and B co-doped CDs (NB-CDs) show multi-emission fluorescence centers at 346, 428 and 514 nm under different excitations. As the doping amount of N and B increases, the fluorescence emission band gradually shifts to 428 and 514 nm, while that at 346 nm decreases. The fluorescence mechanism is explored through the research of the structure, composition and optical performance of NB-CDs in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It demonstrates that the effect of doping with B-containing functional groups on the fluorescence emission behavior is multivariate, which may be the crucial contribution to the unique multi-emission fluorescence of CDs. The multi-emission NB-CDs with prominent stability are applied for multilevel anti-counterfeiting printing. It provides a promising direction for the sustainable and advanced application of biomass-derived CDs, and the theoretical results highlight a new insight into the deep understanding of the multi-emission fluorescence mechanism.
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Yin C, Wu M, Liu T, Fu L, Sun Q, Chen L, Niu N. Turn-on fluorescent inner filter effect-based B,S,N co-doped carbon quantum dots and vanadium oxide nanoribbons for α-glucosidase activity detection. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Carbon Quantum Dots Based Chemosensor Array for Monitoring Multiple Metal Ions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123843. [PMID: 35744965 PMCID: PMC9227453 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous identification of multiple metal ions in water has attracted enormous research interest in the past few decades. We herein describe a novel method for multiple metal ion detection using a carbon quantum dots (CQDs)-based chemosensor array and the CQDs are functionalized with different amino acids (glutamine, histidine, arginine, lysine and proline), which act as sensing elements in the sensor array. Eleven metal ions are successfully identified by the designed chemosensor array, with 100% classification accuracy. Importantly, the proposed method allowed the quantitative prediction of the concentration of individual metal ions in the mixture with the aid of a support vector machine (SVM). The sensor array also enables the qualitative detection of unknown metal ions under the interference of tap water and local river water. Thus, the strategy provides a novel high-throughput approach for the identification of various analytes in complex systems.
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Reale M, Chandra S, Buscarino G, Emanuele A, Cannas M, Ikkala O, Sciortino A, Messina F. Photoinduced charge separation in functional carbon-silver nanohybrids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12974-12983. [PMID: 35582872 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00668e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent times, nanoscience is devoting growing interest to the easy assembly of well-established nanomaterials into hybrid nanostructures displaying new emerging features. Here, we study the photophysicochemical response of binary nanohybrids obtained by the spontaneous coupling of luminescent carbon dots to silver nanoparticles with controlled surface charge. Evidence of the successful coupling is obtained by steady-state and time resolved optical measurements and further confirmed by direct imaging. We demonstrate strong interactions within nanohybrids, which can be modelled in terms of a sub-picosecond electron transfer from photoexcited carbon dots to silver nanoparticles. Accordingly, newly designed nanohybrids display significant photocatalytic performance demonstrated by the photodegradation of methylene blue under ultraviolet-visible light. Our results provide an exhaustive picture of the optical response of these self-assembled carbon-silver nanohybrids and show their promise as a new class of eco-friendly materials for light-driven catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reale
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - S Chandra
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P. O. Box 15100, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - G Buscarino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy. .,ATeN Center - Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - A Emanuele
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - M Cannas
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - O Ikkala
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P. O. Box 15100, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - A Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy. .,ATeN Center - Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - F Messina
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy. .,ATeN Center - Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Naksen P, Boonruang S, Yuenyong N, Lee HL, Ramachandran P, Anutrasakda W, Amatatongchai M, Pencharee S, Jarujamrus P. Sensitive detection of trace level Cd (II) triggered by chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) “turn on”: Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) as fluorometric paper-based sensor. Talanta 2022; 242:123305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fluorescent Mechanism in Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials: A Review. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:887-906. [PMID: 35303239 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have acquired growing interest from different areas over decades. Their fascinating property of tunable fluorescence by changing the excitation wavelength has attracted researchers worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms behind fluorescence is of great importance, as they help with the synthesis and applications, significantly when narrowed down to applications with color-tunable mechanisms. But, due to a lack of practical and theoretical information, the fluorescence mechanisms of CDs remain unknown, preventing the production of CDs with desired optical qualities. This review focuses on the PL mechanisms of carbon dots. The quantum confinement effect determined the carbon core, the surface and edge states determined by various surface defects and the connected functional/chemical groups on the surface/edges, the molecular state solely determined the fluorophores in the interior or surface of the CDs, and the Crosslink Enhanced Emission Effect are the currently confirmed PL mechanisms.
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Sonsin AF, Silva ECO, Marques ALX, Silva LVAT, Nascimento SMS, Souza ST, Borbely AU, Barbosa CDAES, Fonseca EJS. Tuning the photoluminescence by engineering surface states/size of S, N co-doped carbon dots for cellular imaging applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:235708. [PMID: 35189601 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac56f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we have synthesized carbon dots (CDs) co-doped with nitrogen and sulfur by facile hydrothermal method, using citric acid and cysteine as carbon source. The effect of solid-state thermic treatment (STT) at 303-453 K on the size, surface, fluorescence and cellular cytotoxicity of the CDs were systematically investigated. Through a simple STT, it was possible to tune surface states and the average size of the CDs, causing a permanent red shift. Initially, CDs showed a decrease in cell viability with increasing concentration. However, after STT, its viability remained constant with an increase in concentration. Here, we show the possibility to label the cells cytoplasm according to the CDs fluorescence emission before (blue emission) and after STT (red emission). The CDs studied in this paper show selective luminescence properties, which are fundamental for any cell imaging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur F Sonsin
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Elaine C O Silva
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Aldilane L X Marques
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota S/n, 57072-970, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Lais V A T Silva
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Sendy M S Nascimento
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Samuel T Souza
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre U Borbely
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota S/n, 57072-970, Maceio, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo J S Fonseca
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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N, P Co-Doped Carbon Dots as Multifunctional Fluorescence Nano-Sensor for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Cr(VI) and Ascorbic Acid. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-022-00213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Domingo-Tafalla B, Martínez-Ferrero E, Franco F, Palomares-Gil E. Applications of Carbon Dots for the Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO 2. Molecules 2022; 27:1081. [PMID: 35164346 PMCID: PMC8840083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The photocatalytic and electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 has the potential to provide valuable products, such as chemicals or fuels of interest, at low cost while maintaining a circular carbon cycle. In this context, carbon dots possess optical and electrochemical properties that make them suitable candidates to participate in the reaction, either as a single component or forming part of more elaborate catalytic systems. In this review, we describe several strategies where the carbon dots participate, both with amorphous and graphitic structures, in the photocatalysis or electrochemical catalysis of CO2 to provide different carbon-containing products of interest. The role of the carbon dots is analyzed as a function of their redox and light absorption characteristics and their complementarity with other known catalytic systems. Moreover, detailed information about synthetic procedures is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriu Domingo-Tafalla
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.D.-T.); (E.M.-F.)
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Martínez-Ferrero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.D.-T.); (E.M.-F.)
| | - Federico Franco
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.D.-T.); (E.M.-F.)
| | - Emilio Palomares-Gil
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.D.-T.); (E.M.-F.)
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, E08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Highly Luminescent Nitrogen Doped Graphene Quantum Dots Sensitized TiO2 Nanorod Arrays for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Nkeumaleu AT, Benetti D, Haddadou I, Di Mare M, Ouellet-Plamondon CM, Rosei F. Brewery spent grain derived carbon dots for metal sensing. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11621-11627. [PMID: 35481069 PMCID: PMC9009306 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00048b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents a proof-of-concept to recycle microbrewery waste as a carbon source for synthesizing carbon dots (CDs). A simple method has been developed to synthesize water-soluble CDs based on microwave irradiation of brewery spent grain. The structures and optical properties of the CDs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of reaction time, temperature and pH on the properties of carbon dots were studied. These CDs were found to be spherical with an average diameter of 5.3 nm, N-doped, containing many functional groups (hydroxyl, ethers, esters, carboxyl and amino groups), and to exhibit good photoluminescence with a fluorescent quantum yield of 14%. Finally, the interaction between carbon dots and metal ions was investigated towards developing CDs as a sensing technology for water treatment, food quality and safety detection. This article presents a proof-of-concept to recycle microbrewery waste as a carbon source for synthesizing carbon dots (CDs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Thibaut Nkeumaleu
- École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montréal, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Daniele Benetti
- INRS, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Imane Haddadou
- École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montréal, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Michael Di Mare
- École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montréal, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | | | - Federico Rosei
- INRS, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1P7, Canada
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39
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Chen BB, Huang CZ. Preparation of carbon dots and their sensing applications. SENSING AND BIOSENSING WITH OPTICALLY ACTIVE NANOMATERIALS 2022:9-40. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90244-1.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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40
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Guo Y, Zheng MY, Zhang W, Hu DD. Fluorescent sensing platform based on green luminescence carbon dots and AuNPs for clenbuterol detection in pork liver. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8683-8690. [PMID: 35424808 PMCID: PMC8984920 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08724j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, water-soluble green fluorescent carbon dots (G-CDs) were prepared using p-phenylenediamine and glutathione (GSH) as the precursors. The G-CDs exhibit excellent optical properties, and the maximum emission wavelength is located at 522 nm (under 410 nm excitation), which greatly overlaps with the absorption spectrum of AuNPs. Consequently, an effective “off–on” fluorescent sensing platform involved in G-CDs and AuNPs for detection of clenbuterol (CLB) was constructed. The fluorescence of G-CDs was strongly quenched by AuNPs due to the inner filter effect (IFE). As CLB was introduced, the quenched fluorescence intensity was recovered due to the specific interaction between the AuNPs and CLB. The recovered fluorescence intensity is linear to CLB concentration in the range of 13–270 ng mL−1 with a low detection limit of 3.75 ng mL−1. The prepared sensor has been successfully applied for CLB detection in pork liver and could be utilized in food analysis. Carbon dots (G-CDs) with bright green fluorescence are synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of p-phenylenediamine and glutathione. Employing the G-CDs and AuNPs as sensing platform, a simple fluorescence sensor to detect clenbuterol was established.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, P. R. China
| | - Min Yan Zheng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, P. R. China
| | - Dao Dao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
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Kim Y, Park Y, Han S, Park W, Kim M, Kim K, Joo J, Hahn SK, Kwon W. Radiative and Non-Radiative Decay Pathways in Carbon Nanodots toward Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:70. [PMID: 35010020 PMCID: PMC8746803 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The origin and classification of energy states, as well as the electronic transitions and energy transfers associated with them, have been recognized as critical factors for understanding the optical properties of carbon nanodots (CNDs). Herein, we report the synthesis of CNDs in an optimized process that allows low-temperature carbonization using ethanolamine as the major precursor and citric acid as an additive. The results obtained herein suggest that the energy states in our CNDs can be classified into four different types based on their chemical origin: carbogenic core states, surface defective states, molecular emissive states, and non-radiative trap states. Each energy state is associated with the occurrence of different types of emissions in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) range and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The potential pathways of radiative/non-radiative transitions in CNDs have been systematically studied using visible-to-NIR emission spectroscopy and fluorescence decay measurements. Furthermore, the bright photoluminescence and ROS generation of these CNDs render them suitable for in vitro imaging and photodynamic therapy applications. We believe that these new insights into the energy states of CNDs will result in significant improvements in other applications, such as photocatalysis and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (Y.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yoonsang Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (Y.K.); (Y.P.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Seulgi Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; (S.H.); (W.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Wonchan Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; (S.H.); (W.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Mungu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; (S.H.); (W.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea;
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea;
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; (S.H.); (W.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Woosung Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (Y.K.); (Y.P.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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Zhu L, Shen D, Wang Q, Luo KH. Green Synthesis of Tunable Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Lignin and Their Application in Anti-Counterfeit Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56465-56475. [PMID: 34784479 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin converted to carbon quantum dots (CQDs) attracts tremendous attention for large-scale production of carbon nanomaterials and value-added disposal of biomass wastes (such as the black liquor from pulping industry and the residue from hydrolysis of biomass). The green synthesis of lignin-derived CQDs is reported via a facile two-step method with the adjustment of acid additives containing N or S. The resulting series of CQDs exhibit bright fluorescence in gradient colors from blue to yellowish green, among which the N, S co-doped CQDs with the addition of 2,4-diaminobenzene sulfonic acid show an optimal fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of 30.5%. The red-shift photoluminescence emission behaviors of these CQDs can be attributed to the increased graphitization degree and reduced optical energy band gaps (2.47 → 2.17 eV) with regard to the incorporation of various heteroatoms. The improved fluorescence QYs are consistent with the variation trend of the increased N/C content in the CQDs. The yellowish green-emissive CQDs with bright fluorescence, strong water solubility, and excellent chemical stability perform well in anti-counterfeiting printing. The promising and sustainable approach for the synthesis of tunable fluorescent CQDs exhibits the value-added utilization of lignin for the fluorescence ink production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Dekui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310087, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Kai Hong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
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Siddique AB, Hossain SM, Pramanick AK, Ray M. Excitation dependence and independence of photoluminescence in carbon dots and graphene quantum dots: insights into the mechanism of emission. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16662-16671. [PMID: 34590646 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04301c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excitation-dependent, multicolor emission from different varieties of 0D carbon systems has attracted immense research attention. It is generally accepted that some variants of 0D carbon exhibit excitation dependent emission, while other variants do not. A third variant exhibits both excitation dependent as well as excitation independent emission. In this work we investigate the structure, composition, steady-state emission-excitation and photoluminescence decay dynamics of three distinctly different variants of 0D carbon - amorphous carbon dots (aCDs), graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and nitrogen-doped GQDs (NGQDs). We find that despite significant differences in the structure and composition there is a striking similarity in the excitation energy dependence of the emission characteristics of these three different dots. All of them exhibit excitation energy independent emission below some threshold wavelength (λth), and above this threshold the emission becomes excitation dependent. We also demonstrate that a similar trend is apparent for nearly all variants of 0D carbon reported in the literature. The threshold wavelength correlates well with the excitation wavelength for the most intense emission and the photoluminescence excitation peaks, suggesting a common origin of light emission in these carbon dots. The findings provide important clues for developing a unified general picture for understanding the light emission mechanism in 0D carbon nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Bakar Siddique
- Aditya College of Engineering and Technology, Surampalem - 533437, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Syed Minhaz Hossain
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, P.O.: Botanic Garden, Howrah, 711103, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Mallar Ray
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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Li H, Han S, Lyu B, Hong T, Zhi S, Xu L, Xue F, Sai L, Yang J, Wang X, He B. Tunable light emission from carbon dots by controlling surface defects. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Simple and Sensitive Multi-components Detection Using Synthetic Nitrogen-doped Carbon Dots Based on Soluble Starch. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1379-1392. [PMID: 34156612 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although carbon dots (CDs) as fluorescent sensors have been widely exploited, multi-component detection using CDs without tedious surface modification is always a challenging task. Here, two kinds of nitrogen-doped CDs (NCD-m and NCD-o) based on soluble starch (SS) as carbon source were prepared through one-pot hydrothermal process using m-phenylenediamine and o-phenylenediamine as nitrogenous dopant respectively. Through fluorescence "on-off" mechanism of CDs, NCD-m and NCD-o could be used as a fluorescence sensor for detection of Fe 3+ and Ag + with LOD of 0.25 and 0.51 μM, respectively. Additionally, NCD-m could be used for indirect detection of ascorbic acid (AA) with LOD of 5.02 μM. Moreover, fluorescence intensity of NCD-m also exhibited the sensitivity to pH change from 2 to 13. More importantly, Both NCD-m and NCD-o had potential application for analysis of complicated real samples such as tap water, Vitamin C tablets and orange juice. Ultimately, the small size of NCD-m could contribute to reinforcing intracellular endocytosis, which allowed them to be used for bacteria imaging. Obviously, these easily obtainable nitrogen-doped CDs were able to be used for multi-components detection. Strategy for synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) and a schematic for fabrication of as-prepared NCDs for detection of Fe 3+, Ag + and ascorbic acid (AA).
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Boonruang S, Naksen P, Anutrasakda W, Chansaenpak K, Promarak V, Saenmuangchin R, Phechkrajang C, Jarujamrus P. Use of nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon nanodots (N-CNDs) as a fluorometric paper-based sensor: a new approach for sensitive determination of lead(ii) at a trace level in highly ionic matrices. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3551-3560. [PMID: 34292282 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00765c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon nanodots (N-CNDs) and their use as a fluorometric paper-based sensor for the determination of Pb2+ at a low concentration. Both solution-based and paper-based systems were developed. The results show that the linearity ranges for Pb2+ determination were 0.010-10 mg L-1 (LOD = 0.008 mg L-1) and 0.005-0.075 mg L-1 (LOD = 0.004 mg L-1) for the solution-based and the paper-based sensors, respectively. Furthermore, the developed sensors show relatively high selectivity toward Pb2+ over ten other metal cations of different charges including As3+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Ba2+, and Ag+. The mechanism of Pb2+ determination was also investigated. It was found that the sensors exploited the quenching of the fluorescence intensity of N-CNDs by Pb2+via the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. When applied to real water and herbal medicine samples, the performance of the sensor exhibited no significant difference as compared to the results of the validation method (ICP-OES). Overall, the developed sensors, especially the paper-based one, are promising for the practical analysis of Pb2+ in pharmaceutical and environmental samples with a low Pb2+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwaluck Boonruang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Phayathai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Guo Z, Liu X, Yu H, Hou F, Gao S, Zhong L, Xu H, Yu Y, Meng J, Wang R. Continuous response fluorescence sensor for three small molecules based on nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots from prunus lannesiana and their logic gate operation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 257:119774. [PMID: 33872952 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an environmentally friendly and water-soluble nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) with quantum yield (QY) of 8.59% were prepared by one-step hydrothermal synthesis without any chemical reagent using the leaves of prunus lannesiana as precursors. The properties and quality of N-CQDs were investigated by Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence of the prepared N-CQDs can be quenched by Fe3+ through the synergistic effect of the formation of non-fluorescent complex and internal filtration effect (IFE) between Fe3+ and N-CQDs. And the quenched fluorescence can be "turned on" after adding ascorbic acid (AA) because Fe3+ can be released from the surface of N-CQDs through the redox reaction between AA and Fe3+. While the restored fluorescence can be "turned off" again by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) due to the re-oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+. So, the three inputs "logic gate" is achieved and the "on-off-on-off" continuous response fluorescence sensor is formed, which can be applied for the continuous detection of Fe3+, AA and H2O2 with the linear range of 40-260 μM, 10-200 μM and 40-140 μM, respectively. Finally, the sensor was successfully applied to determine Fe3+, AA and H2O2 in real samples with the satisfactory recoveries (95.35%-104.10%) and repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 1.68%). The continuous response fluorescence sensor prepared by simple green synthesis route has the characteristics of fast response, acceptable sensitivity and good selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xuerui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Haiyu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Faju Hou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Shanmin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Linlin Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Qiuzhen College, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Junli Meng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Ruru Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
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Ding YJ, Jin X, Wang ZX, Wang W. Green Emission Carbon Nanodots as Fluorescence Turn-on Probe for Detecting Picolinic Acid. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821080037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang R, Jiao L, Zhou X, Guo Z, Bian H, Dai H. Highly fluorescent graphene quantum dots from biorefinery waste for tri-channel sensitive detection of Fe 3+ ions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125096. [PMID: 33517054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Renewable lignocellulosic biomass can be effectively transformed to value-added products, enabling fast growth of related downstream processing. However, valorization of the by-produced cellulose-poor fraction, which is also in large volumes, is only occasionally reported regarding existing technologies. Here, a simple, general, and effective strategy for fabricating graphene quantum dots (GQDs) from the Miscanthus (MC) biorefinery waste consisting of sugars and depolymerized lignin, is developed. This process involves the fast and selective removal of most lignin and hemicellulose based on mild acid hydrotrope fractionation, with followed hydrothermal carbonization. The as-fabricated MC-derived GQDs (M-GQDs) exhibit several advantages such as few-layer graphene-like single crystalline structure, sulfur and nitrogen co-doping, bright fluorescence, excitation-dependent photoluminescence, and long fluorescence lifetime (11.95 ns). Furthermore, M-GQDs present prominent fluorescence reduction in the presence of Fe3+ with good linearity (≤0.995) and very low detection limit (≥1.41 nM). Later, it is found that the observed high sensitivity for Fe3+ is based on a dynamic quenching mechanism, which is caused by the Fe3+-induced increase in both the energy dissipation and photogenerated electron consumption. This work is anticipated to open new opportunities for promoting the integral valorization of biomass and sensitive fluorometric detection of Fe3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liang Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuelian Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ziyu Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huiyang Bian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hongqi Dai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Chung S, Revia RA, Zhang M. Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Applications in Bioimaging, Biosensing, and Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e1904362. [PMID: 31833101 PMCID: PMC7289657 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are carbon-based, nanoscale particles that exhibit excellent chemical, physical, and biological properties that allow them to excel in a wide range of applications in nanomedicine. The unique electronic structure of GQDs confers functional attributes onto these nanomaterials such as strong and tunable photoluminescence for use in fluorescence bioimaging and biosensing, a high loading capacity of aromatic compounds for small-molecule drug delivery, and the ability to absorb incident radiation for use in the cancer-killing techniques of photothermal and photodynamic therapy. Recent advances in the development of GQDs as novel, multifunctional biomaterials are presented with a focus on their physicochemical, electronic, magnetic, and biological properties, along with a discussion of technical progress in the synthesis of GQDs. Progress toward the application of GQDs in bioimaging, biosensing, and therapy is reviewed, along with a discussion of the current limitations and future directions of this exciting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhwan Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Richard A Revia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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