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Arellano L, Martínez R, Pardo A, Diez I, Velasco B, Moreda-Piñeiro A, Bermejo-Barrera P, Barbosa S, Taboada P. Assessing the Effect of Surface Coating on the Stability, Degradation, Toxicity and Cell Endocytosis/Exocytosis of Upconverting Nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 668:575-586. [PMID: 38691966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped up-converting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have emerged as promising biomedical tools in recent years. Most research efforts were devoted to the synthesis of inorganic cores with the optimal physicochemical properties. However, the careful design of UCNPs with the adequate surface coating to optimize their biological performance still remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose the functionalization of UCNPs with four distinct types of surface coatings, which were compared in terms of the provided colloidal stability and resistance to degradation in different biological-relevant media, including commonly avoided analysis in acidic lysosomal-mimicking fluids. Moreover, the influence of the type of particle surface coating on cell cytotoxicity and endocytosis/exocytosis was also evaluated. The obtained results demonstrated that the functionalization of UCNPs with poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) grafted with dodecylamine (PMA-g-dodecyl) constitutes an outstanding strategy for their subsequent biomedical application, whereas poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coating, although suitable for colloidal stability purposes, hinders extensive cell internalization. Conversely, surface coating with small ligand were found not to be suitable, leading to large degradation degrees of UCNPs. The analysis of particle' behavior in different biological media and in vitro conditions here performed pretends to help researchers to improve the design and implementation of UCNPs as theranostic nanotools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Arellano
- Colloids and Polymers Physics Group, Particle Physics Department, Materials Institute (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Martínez
- Colloids and Polymers Physics Group, Particle Physics Department, Materials Institute (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Alberto Pardo
- Colloids and Polymers Physics Group, Particle Physics Department, Materials Institute (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Iago Diez
- Colloids and Polymers Physics Group, Particle Physics Department, Materials Institute (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Brenda Velasco
- Colloids and Polymers Physics Group, Particle Physics Department, Materials Institute (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Moreda-Piñeiro
- Trace Element, Spectroscopy and Speciation Group (GETEE), Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Institute (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pilar Bermejo-Barrera
- Trace Element, Spectroscopy and Speciation Group (GETEE), Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Institute (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Barbosa
- Colloids and Polymers Physics Group, Particle Physics Department, Materials Institute (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Taboada
- Colloids and Polymers Physics Group, Particle Physics Department, Materials Institute (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Machová Urdzíková L, Mareková D, Vasylyshyn T, Matouš P, Patsula V, Oleksa V, Shapoval O, Vosmanská M, Liebl D, Benda A, Herynek V, Horák D, Jendelová P. Toxicity of Large and Small Surface-Engineered Upconverting Nanoparticles for In Vitro and In Vivo Bioapplications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5294. [PMID: 38791332 PMCID: PMC11121289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, spherical or hexagonal NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles (UCNPs) with sizes of 25 nm (S-UCNPs) and 120 nm (L-UCNPs) were synthesized by high-temperature coprecipitation and subsequently modified with three kinds of polymers. These included poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-2-aminoethylacrylamide) [P(DMA-AEA)] terminated with an alendronate anchoring group, and poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) (PMVEMA). The internalization of nanoparticles by rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) and C6 cancer cells (rat glial tumor cell line) was visualized by electron microscopy and the cytotoxicity of the UCNPs and their leaches was measured by the real-time proliferation assay. The comet assay was used to determine the oxidative damage of the UCNPs. An in vivo study on mice determined the elimination route and potential accumulation of UCNPs in the body. The results showed that the L- and S-UCNPs were internalized into cells in the lumen of endosomes. The proliferation assay revealed that the L-UCNPs were less toxic than S-UCNPs. The viability of rMSCs incubated with particles decreased in the order S-UCNP@Ale-(PDMA-AEA) > S-UCNP@Ale-PEG > S-UCNPs > S-UCNP@PMVEMA. Similar results were obtained in C6 cells. The oxidative damage measured by the comet assay showed that neat L-UCNPs caused more oxidative damage to rMSCs than all coated UCNPs while no difference was observed in C6 cells. An in vivo study indicated that L-UCNPs were eliminated from the body via the hepatobiliary route; L-UCNP@Ale-PEG particles were almost eliminated from the liver 96 h after intravenous application. Pilot fluorescence imaging confirmed the limited in vivo detection capabilities of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Machová Urdzíková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.U.); (D.M.)
| | - Dana Mareková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.U.); (D.M.)
| | - Taras Vasylyshyn
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (V.P.); (V.O.); (O.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Petr Matouš
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (V.H.)
| | - Vitalii Patsula
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (V.P.); (V.O.); (O.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Viktoriia Oleksa
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (V.P.); (V.O.); (O.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Oleksandr Shapoval
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (V.P.); (V.O.); (O.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Magda Vosmanská
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - David Liebl
- Imaging Methods Core Facility, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec-Jesenice u Prahy, Czech Republic; (D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Aleš Benda
- Imaging Methods Core Facility, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec-Jesenice u Prahy, Czech Republic; (D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Vít Herynek
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (V.H.)
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (V.P.); (V.O.); (O.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Pavla Jendelová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.U.); (D.M.)
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Schroter A, Hirsch T. Control of Luminescence and Interfacial Properties as Perspective for Upconversion Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306042. [PMID: 37986189 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) light is highly suitable for studying biological systems due to its minimal scattering and lack of background fluorescence excitation, resulting in high signal-to-noise ratios. By combining NIR light with lanthanide-based upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), upconversion is used to generate UV or visible light within tissue. This remarkable property has gained significant research interest over the past two decades. Synthesis methods are developed to produce particles of various sizes, shapes, and complex core-shell architectures and new strategies are explored to optimize particle properties for specific bioapplications. The diverse photophysics of lanthanide ions offers extensive possibilities to tailor spectral characteristics by incorporating different ions and manipulating their arrangement within the nanocrystal. However, several challenges remain before UCNPs can be widely applied. Understanding the behavior of particle surfaces when exposed to complex biological environments is crucial. In applications where deep tissue penetration is required, such as photodynamic therapy and optogenetics, UCNPs show great potential as nanolamps. These nanoparticles can combine diagnostics and therapeutics in a minimally invasive, efficient manner, making them ideal upconversion probes. This article provides an overview of recent UCNP design trends, highlights past research achievements, and outlines potential future directions to bring upconversion research to the next level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schroter
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hirsch
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Zhu H, Ding X, Wang C, Cao M, Yu B, Cong H, Shen Y. Preparation of rare earth-doped nano-fluorescent materials in the second near-infrared region and their application in biological imaging. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1947-1972. [PMID: 38299679 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01987j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging (FLI) has gained widespread interest in the biomedical field because of its advantages of high sensitivity and high penetration depth. In particular, rare earth-doped nanoprobes (RENPs) have shown completely different physical and chemical properties from macroscopic substances owing to their unique size and structure. This paper reviews the synthesis methods and types of RENPs for NIR-II imaging, focusing on new methods to enhance the luminous intensity of RENPs and multi-band imaging and multi-mode imaging of RENPs in biological applications. This review also presents an overview of the challenges and future development prospects based on RENPs in NIR-II regional bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xin Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Chang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Mengyu Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
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5
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Patsula V, Mareková D, Jendelová P, Nahorniak M, Shapoval O, Matouš P, Oleksa V, Konefał R, Vosmanská M, Machová-Urdziková L, Horák D. Polymer-coated hexagonal upconverting nanoparticles: chemical stability and cytotoxicity. Front Chem 2023; 11:1207984. [PMID: 37426333 PMCID: PMC10327433 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1207984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Large (120 nm) hexagonal NaYF4:Yb, Er nanoparticles (UCNPs) were synthesized by high-temperature coprecipitation method and coated with poly(ethylene glycol)-alendronate (PEG-Ale), poly (N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-2-aminoethylacrylamide)-alendronate (PDMA-Ale) or poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) (PMVEMA). The colloidal stability of polymer-coated UCNPs in water, PBS and DMEM medium was investigated by dynamic light scattering; UCNP@PMVEMA particles showed the best stability in PBS. Dissolution of the particles in water, PBS, DMEM and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) determined by potentiometric measurements showed that all particles were relatively chemically stable in DMEM. The UCNP@Ale-PEG and UCNP@Ale-PDMA particles were the least soluble in water and ALF, while the UCNP@PMVEMA particles were the most chemically stable in PBS. Green fluorescence of FITC-Ale-modified UCNPs was observed inside the cells, demonstrating successful internalization of particles into cells. The highest uptake was observed for neat UCNPs, followed by UCNP@Ale-PDMA and UCNP@PMVEMA. Viability of C6 cells and rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) growing in the presence of UCNPs was monitored by Alamar Blue assay. Culturing with UCNPs for 24 h did not affect cell viability. Prolonged incubation with particles for 72 h reduced cell viability to 40%-85% depending on the type of coating and nanoparticle concentration. The greatest decrease in cell viability was observed in cells cultured with neat UCNPs and UCNP@PMVEMA particles. Thanks to high upconversion luminescence, high cellular uptake and low toxicity, PDMA-coated hexagonal UCNPs may find future applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Patsula
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dana Mareková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Neurosciences, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavla Jendelová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Neurosciences, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Mykhailo Nahorniak
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Oleksandr Shapoval
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Matouš
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Viktoriia Oleksa
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Magda Vosmanská
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Cressoni C, Vurro F, Milan E, Muccilli M, Mazzer F, Gerosa M, Boschi F, Spinelli AE, Badocco D, Pastore P, Delgado NF, Collado MH, Marzola P, Speghini A. From Nanothermometry to Bioimaging: Lanthanide-Activated KY 3F 10 Nanostructures as Biocompatible Multifunctional Tools for Nanomedicine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12171-12188. [PMID: 36826830 PMCID: PMC9999348 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-activated fluoride-based nanostructures are extremely interesting multifunctional tools for many modern applications in nanomedicine, e.g., bioimaging, sensing, drug delivery, and photodynamic therapy. Importantly, environmental-friendly preparations using a green chemistry approach, as hydrothermal synthesis route, are nowadays highly desirable to obtain colloidal nanoparticles, directly dispersible in hydrophilic media, as physiological solution. The nanomaterials under investigation are new KY3F10-based citrate-capped core@shell nanostructures activated with several lanthanide ions, namely, Er3+, Yb3+, Nd3+, and Gd3+, prepared as colloidal water dispersions. A new facile microwave-assisted synthesis has been exploited for their preparation, with significant reduction of the reaction times and a fine control of the nanoparticle size. These core@shell multifunctional architectures have been investigated for use as biocompatible and efficient contrast agents for optical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) techniques. These multifunctional nanostructures are also efficient noninvasive optical nanothermometers. In fact, the lanthanide emission intensities have shown a relevant relative variation as a function of the temperature, in the visible and near-infrared optical ranges, efficiently exploiting ratiometric intensity methods for optical thermometry. Importantly, in contrast with other fluoride hosts, chemical dissolution of KY3F10 citrate-capped nanocrystals in aqueous environment is very limited, of paramount importance for applications in biological fluids. Furthermore, due to the strong paramagnetic properties of lanthanides (e.g., Gd3+), and X-ray absorption of both yttrium and lanthanides, the nanostructures under investigation are extremely useful for MRI and CT imaging. Biocompatibility studies of the nanomaterials have revealed very low cytotoxicity in dfferent human cell lines. All these features point to a successful use of these fluoride-based core@shell nanoarchitectures for simultaneous diagnostics and temperature sensing, ensuring an excellent biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cressoni
- Nanomaterials
Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Vurro
- Division
of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
- University
Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Emil Milan
- Nanomaterials
Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matilde Muccilli
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Mazzer
- Nanomaterials
Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Gerosa
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonello Enrico Spinelli
- Experimental
Imaging Centre, San Raffaele Scientific
Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Denis Badocco
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Natalia Fernández Delgado
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgic Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario Río
San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Herrera Collado
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgic Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario Río
San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pasquina Marzola
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Adolfo Speghini
- Nanomaterials
Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Chemical and Colloidal Stability of Polymer-Coated NaYF 4:Yb,Er Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media and Viability of Cells: The Effect of a Protective Coating. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032724. [PMID: 36769046 PMCID: PMC9917078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are of particular interest in nanomedicine for in vivo deep-tissue optical cancer bioimaging due to their efficient cellular uptake dependent on polymer coating. In this study, particles, ca. 25 nm in diameter, were prepared by a high-temperature coprecipitation of lanthanide chlorides. To ensure optimal dispersion of UCNPs in aqueous milieu, they were coated with three different polymers containing reactive groups, i.e., poly(ethylene glycol)-alendronate (PEG-Ale), poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-2-aminoethylacrylamide)-alendronate (PDMA-Ale), and poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) (PMVEMA). All the particles were characterized by TEM, DLS, FTIR, and spectrofluorometer to determine the morphology, hydrodynamic size and ξ-potential, composition, and upconversion luminescence. The degradability/dissolution of UCNPs in water, PBS, DMEM, or artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) was evaluated using an ion-selective electrochemical method and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The dissolution that was more pronounced in PBS at elevated temperatures was decelerated by polymer coatings. The dissolution in DMEM was relatively small, but much more pronounced in ALF. PMVEMA with multiple anchoring groups provided better protection against particle dissolution in PBS than PEG-Ale and PDMA-Ale polymers containing only one reactive group. However, the cytotoxicity of the particles depended not only on their ability to rapidly degrade, but also on the type of coating. According to MTT, neat UCNPs and UCNP@PMVEMA were toxic for both rat cells (C6) and rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), which was in contrast to the UCNP@Ale-PDMA particles that were biocompatible. On the other hand, both the cytotoxicity and uptake of the UCNP@Ale-PEG particles by C6 and rMSCs were low, according to MTT assay and ICP-MS, respectively. This was confirmed by a confocal microscopy, where the neat UCNPs were preferentially internalized by both cell types, followed by the UCNP@PMVEMA, UCNP@Ale-PDMA, and UCNP@Ale-PEG particles. This study provides guidance for the selection of a suitable nanoparticle coating with respect to future biomedical applications where specific behaviors (extracellular deposition vs. cell internalization) are expected.
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8
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Nampi PP, Vakurov A, Saha S, Jose G, Millner PA. Surface modified hexagonal upconversion nanoparticles for the development of competitive assay for biodetection. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212763. [PMID: 35929306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) of sodium yttrium fluoride with ytterbium and erbium ions as sensitizer and activator (β-NaYF4/Yb3+/Er3+) have been synthesised by a solvothermal method. The synthesised particles were found to be highly uniform in size (~50 nm) and of hexagonal crystal phase producing strong up-conversion luminescence dominated in the green wavelength region. During the synthesis, photoluminescence properties of the reaction mixture were monitored at regular intervals to ensure the required particle size distribution and luminescence efficiency. The hydrophobic particles thus obtained were modified by coating with silica, yielding particles that were stable in aqueous media. The silica coated UCNPs were further modified with maleimide-polyethylene glycol-silane (mal-PEG-silane) to provide thiol reactive surface groups. The silanized, maleimide-bearing UCNPs were effective for conjugating to reductively-cleaved half antibodies against ofloxacin, a veterinary antibiotic, to produce photoluminescent nanobiosensors for its detection and quantification. The speed and minimum detection concentration (~10 nM) that we report for a competitive assay of ofloxacin in this study is promising for developing sensors for this and other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja Parameswaran Nampi
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexander Vakurov
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Sikha Saha
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Gin Jose
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Millner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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9
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Bastos V, Oskoei P, Andresen E, Saleh MI, Rühle B, Resch-Genger U, Oliveira H. Stability, dissolution, and cytotoxicity of NaYF 4-upconversion nanoparticles with different coatings. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3770. [PMID: 35260656 PMCID: PMC8904531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique photophysical properties. Their utilization in biomedical applications depends on the understanding of their transformations under physiological conditions and their potential toxicity. In this study, NaYF4:Yb,Er UCNPs, widely used for luminescence and photophysical studies, were modified with a set of four different coordinatively bound surface ligands, i.e., citrate, alendronate (AA), ethylendiamine tetra(methylene phosphonate) (EDTMP), and poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAO), as well as silica coatings with two different thicknesses. Subsequently, the aging-induced release of fluoride ions in water and cell culture media and their cytotoxic profile to human keratinocytes were assessed in parallel to the cytotoxic evaluation of the ligands, sodium fluoride and the lanthanide ions. The cytotoxicity studies of UCNPs with different surface modifications demonstrated the good biocompatibility of EDTMP-UCNPs and PMAO-UCNPs, which is in line with the low amount of fluoride ions released from these samples. An efficient prevention of UCNP dissolution and release of cytotoxic ions, as well as low cytotoxicity was also observed for UCNPs with a sufficiently thick silica shell. Overall, our results provide new insights into the understanding of the contribution of surface chemistry to the stability, dissolution behavior, and cytotoxicity of UCNPs. Altogether, the results obtained are highly important for future applications of UCNPs in the life sciences and bioimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Bastos
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Párástu Oskoei
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elina Andresen
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maysoon I Saleh
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Bastian Rühle
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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10
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Lisjak D, Vozlič M, Kostiv U, Horák D, Majaron B, Kralj S, Zajc I, Žiberna L, Ponikvar-Svet M. NaYF 4-based upconverting nanoparticles with optimized phosphonate coatings for chemical stability and viability of human endothelial cells. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2021; 10. [PMID: 34883469 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac41ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing interest in upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) in biodiagnostics and therapy fuels the development of biocompatible UCNPs platforms. UCNPs are typically nanocrystallites of rare-earth fluorides codoped with Yb3+and Er3+or Tm3+. The most studied UCNPs are based on NaYF4but are not chemically stable in water. They dissolve significantly in the presence of phosphates. To prevent any adverse effects on the UCNPs induced by cellular phosphates, the surfaces of UCNPs must be made chemically inert and stable by suitable coatings. We studied the effect of various phosphonate coatings on chemical stability andin vitrocytotoxicity of the Yb3+,Er3+-codoped NaYF4UCNPs in human endothelial cells obtained from cellular line Ea.hy926. Cell viability of endothelial cells was determined using the resazurin-based assay after the short-term (15 min), and long-term (24 h and 48 h) incubations with UCNPs dispersed in cell-culture medium. The coatings were obtained from tertaphosphonic acid (EDTMP), sodium alendronate and poly(ethylene glycol)-neridronate. Regardless of the coating conditions, 1 - 2 nm-thick amorphous surface layers were observed on the UCNPs with transmission electron microscopy. The upconversion fluorescence was measured in the dispersions of all UCNPs. Surafce quenching in aqueous suspensions of the UCNPs was reduced by the coatings. The dissolution degree of the UCNPs was determined from the concentration of dissolved fluoride measured with ion-selective electrode after the ageing of UCNPs in water, physiological buffer (i.e., phosphate-buffered saline-PBS) and cell-culture medium. The phosphonate coatings prepared at 80 °C significantly suppressed the dissolution of UCNPs in PBS while only minor dissolution of bare and coated UCNPs was measured in water and cell-culture medium. The viability of human endothelial cells was significantly reduced when incubated with UCNPs, but it increased with the improved chemical stability of UCNPs by the phosphonate coatings with negligible cytotoxicity when coated with EDTMP at 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Lisjak
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department for Materials Synthesis, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maša Vozlič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department for Materials Synthesis, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uliana Kostiv
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Majaron
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Complex Matter, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana, Faculty for Mathematics and Physics, Jadranska 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Slavko Kralj
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department for Materials Synthesis, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Zajc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lovro Žiberna
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Ponikvar-Svet
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Inroganic Chemistry and Technology, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Vozlič M, Černič T, Gyergyek S, Majaron B, Ponikvar-Svet M, Kostiv U, Horák D, Lisjak D. Formation of phosphonate coatings for improved chemical stability of upconverting nanoparticles under physiological conditions. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6588-6597. [PMID: 33899872 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00304f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are being extensively investigated for applications in bioimaging because of their ability to emit ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light. NaYF4 is one of the most suitable host matrices for producing high-intensity upconversion fluorescence; however, UCNPs based on NaYF4 are not chemically stable in aqueous media. To prevent dissolution, their surfaces should be modified. We studied the formation of protective phosphonate coatings made of ethylenediamine(tetramethylenephosphonic acid), alendronic acid, and poly(ethylene glycol)-neridronate on cubic NaYF4 nanoparticles and hexagonal Yb3+,Er3+-doped upconverting NaYF4 nanoparticles (β-UCNPs). The effects of synthesis temperature and ultrasonic agitation on the quality of the coatings were studied. The formation of the coatings was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, zeta-potential measurements, and infrared spectroscopy. The quality of the phosphonate coatings was examined with respect to preventing the dissolution of the NPs in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The dissolution tests were carried out under physiological conditions (37 °C and pH 7.4) for 3 days and were followed by measurements of the dissolved fluoride with an ion-selective electrode. We found that the protection of the phosphonate coatings can be significantly increased by synthesizing them at 80 °C. At the same time, the coatings obtained at this temperature suppressed the surface quenching of the upconversion fluorescence in β-UCNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Vozlič
- JoŽef Stefan Institute, Department for Materials Synthesis, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tina Černič
- JoŽef Stefan Institute, Department for Materials Synthesis, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and JoŽef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sašo Gyergyek
- JoŽef Stefan Institute, Department for Materials Synthesis, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Majaron
- JoŽef Stefan Institute, Department of Complex Matter, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Ponikvar-Svet
- JoŽef Stefan Institute, Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uliana Kostiv
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Darja Lisjak
- JoŽef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Torresan MF, Wolosiuk A. Critical Aspects on the Chemical Stability of NaYF4-Based Upconverting Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1191-1210. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Torresan
- Gerencia Química Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) − INN - CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Wolosiuk
- Gerencia Química Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) − INN - CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Argentina
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13
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Kembuan C, Oliveira H, Graf C. Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:35-48. [PMID: 33489665 PMCID: PMC7801781 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), consisting of NaYF4 doped with 18% Yb and 2% Er, were coated with microporous silica shells with thickness values of 7 ± 2 and 21 ± 3 nm. Subsequently, the negatively charged particles were functionalized with N-(6-aminohexyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AHAPS), which provide a positive charge to the nanoparticle surface. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) measurements revealed that, over the course of 24h, particles with thicker shells release fewer lanthanide ions than particles with thinner shells. However, even a 21 ± 3 nm thick silica layer does not entirely block the disintegration process of the UCNPs. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and cell cytometry measurements performed on macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) indicate that cells treated with amino-functionalized particles with a thicker silica shell have a higher viability than those incubated with UCNPs with a thinner silica shell, even if more particles with a thicker shell are taken up. This effect is less significant for negatively charged particles. Cell cycle analyses with amino-functionalized particles also confirm that thicker silica shells reduce cytotoxicity. Thus, growing silica shells to a sufficient thickness is a simple approach to minimize the cytotoxicity of UCNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Kembuan
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Christina Graf
- Hochschule Darmstadt - University of Applied Sciences, Fachbereich Chemie- und Biotechnologie, Stephanstr. 7, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany
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14
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Saleh MI, Rühle B, Wang S, Radnik J, You Y, Resch-Genger U. Assessing the protective effects of different surface coatings on NaYF 4:Yb 3+, Er 3+ upconverting nanoparticles in buffer and DMEM. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19318. [PMID: 33168848 PMCID: PMC7652843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the dissolution behavior of β NaYF4:Yb(20%), Er(2%) UCNP of two different sizes in biologically relevant media i.e., water (neutral pH), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) at different temperatures and particle concentrations. Special emphasis was dedicated to assess the influence of different surface functionalizations, particularly the potential of mesoporous and microporous silica shells of different thicknesses for UCNP stabilization and protection. Dissolution was quantified electrochemically using a fluoride ion selective electrode (ISE) and by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). In addition, dissolution was monitored fluorometrically. These experiments revealed that a thick microporous silica shell drastically decreased dissolution. Our results also underline the critical influence of the chemical composition of the aqueous environment on UCNP dissolution. In DMEM, we observed the formation of a layer of adsorbed molecules on the UCNP surface that protected the UCNP from dissolution and enhanced their fluorescence. Examination of this layer by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and mass spectrometry (MS) suggested that mainly phenylalanine, lysine, and glucose are adsorbed from DMEM. These findings should be considered in the future for cellular toxicity studies with UCNP and other nanoparticles and the design of new biocompatible surface coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysoon I Saleh
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Institut Für Chemie Und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Rühle
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shu Wang
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Institut Für Chemie Und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Radnik
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 6.1, Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi You
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 6.3, structural analysis, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Collot M, Schild J, Fam KT, Bouchaala R, Klymchenko AS. Stealth and Bright Monomolecular Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles Based on Folded Amphiphilic Polymer. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13924-13937. [PMID: 33022173 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs), owing to their superior brightness, are an attractive alternative to organic dyes. However, their cellular applications remain limited because of their large size, poor homogeneity, and nonspecific interactions in biological media. Herein, we propose a concept of monomolecular fluorescent organic nanoparticles of high brightness and very small size (10-14 nm) built of a single amphiphilic polymer bearing specially designed fluorescent dyes. We found that high PEGylation of poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene (PMAO) favors a single-chain polymer folding into monomolecular stealth NPs with highly reduced nonspecific interactions with proteins and live cells. To ensure high stability of our NPs, the fluorophores (BODIPYs) are covalently linked to the polymer through an optimized linker. Among tested linkers of different lengths and polarity, a short medium-polar linker favoring location of the dyes at NPs interface ensures good fluorescence quantum yield and small particle size. The fluorescence brightness of these NPs has been dramatically enhanced by increasing the bulkiness of the BODIPY dyes that prevents their H-aggregation, reaching 2500000 M-1 cm-1 (extinction coefficient × quantum yield). Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the single-particle brightness of these NPs is ∼5-fold higher than that of QDot-585 using the same excitation wavelength (532 nm). Finally, when microinjected inside cells, these small and stealth NPs (10 nm diameter) distribute more evenly than 20 nm QDots inside the cytosol, showing similar spreading as a fluorescent protein. Thus, the developed monomolecular NPs, owing to their small size and stealth properties, are artificial analogues of fluorescent proteins, surpassing the latter >50-fold in terms of brightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Jérémy Schild
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Kyong T Fam
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Redouane Bouchaala
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
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16
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Andresen E, Würth C, Prinz C, Michaelis M, Resch-Genger U. Time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy for monitoring the stability and dissolution behaviour of upconverting nanocrystals with different surface coatings. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12589-12601. [PMID: 32500913 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the potential of time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy for the straightforward assessment and in situ monitoring of the stability of upconversion nanocrystals (UCNPs). Therefore, we prepared hexagonal NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ UCNPs with various coatings with a focus on phosphonate ligands of different valency, using different ligand exchange procedures, and studied their dissolution behaviour in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) dispersions at 20 °C and 37 °C with various analytical methods. The amount of the released UCNPs constituting fluoride ions was quantified by potentiometry using a fluoride ion-sensitive electrode and particle disintegration was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy studies of the differently aged UCNPs. In parallel, the luminescence features of the UCNPs were measured with special emphasis on the lifetime of the sensitizer emission to demonstrate its suitability as screening parameter for UCNP stability and changes in particle composition. The excellent correlation between the changes in luminescence lifetime and fluoride concentration highlights the potential of our luminescence lifetime method for UCNP stability screening and thereby indirect monitoring of the release of potentially hazardous fluoride ions during uptake and dissolution in biological systems. Additionally, the developed in situ optical method was used to distinguish the dissolution dynamics of differently sized and differently coated UCNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Andresen
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. and Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Würth
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Carsten Prinz
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division Structure Analysis, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Michaelis
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Kostiv U, Engstová H, Krajnik B, Šlouf M, Proks V, Podhorodecki A, Ježek P, Horák D. Monodisperse Core-Shell NaYF 4:Yb 3+/Er 3+@NaYF 4:Nd 3+-PEG-GGGRGDSGGGY-NH 2 Nanoparticles Excitable at 808 and 980 nm: Design, Surface Engineering, and Application in Life Sciences. Front Chem 2020; 8:497. [PMID: 32596210 PMCID: PMC7303004 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have a unique capability of upconverting near-infrared (NIR) excitation into ultraviolet, visible, and NIR emission. Conventional UCNPs composed of NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+(Tm3+) are excited by NIR light at 980 nm, where undesirable absorption by water can cause overheating or damage of living tissues and reduce nanoparticle luminescence. Incorporation of Nd3+ ions into the UCNP lattice shifts the excitation wavelength to 808 nm, where absorption of water is minimal. Herein, core-shell NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+ nanoparticles, which are doubly doped by sensitizers (Yb3+ and Nd3+) and an activator (Er3+) in the host NaYF4 matrix, were synthesized by high-temperature coprecipitation of lanthanide chlorides in the presence of oleic acid as a stabilizer. Uniform core (24 nm) and core-shell particles with tunable shell thickness (~0.5–4 nm) were thoroughly characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive analysis, selected area electron diffraction, and photoluminescence emission spectra at 808 and 980 nm excitation. To ensure dispersibility of the particles in biologically relevant media, they were coated by in-house synthesized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-neridronate terminated with an alkyne (Alk). The stability of the NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-Alk nanoparticles in water or 0.01 M PBS and the presence of PEG on the surface were determined by dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Finally, the adhesive azidopentanoyl-modified GGGRGDSGGGY-NH2 (RGDS) peptide was immobilized on the NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-Alk particles via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The toxicity of the unmodified core-shell NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+, NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-Alk, and NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-RGDS nanoparticles on both Hep-G2 and HeLa cells was determined, confirming no adverse effect on their survival and proliferation. The interaction of the nanoparticles with Hep-G2 cells was monitored by confocal microscopy at both 808 and 980 nm excitation. The NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-RGDS nanoparticles were localized on the cell membranes due to specific binding of the RGDS peptide to integrins, in contrast to the NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-Alk particles, which were not engulfed by the cells. The NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+-PEG-RGDS nanoparticles thus appear to be promising as a new non-invasive probe for specific bioimaging of cells and tissues. This development makes the nanoparticles useful for diagnostic and/or, after immobilization of a bioactive compound, even theranostic applications in the treatment of various fatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uliana Kostiv
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Engstová
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Bartosz Krajnik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Proks
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Artur Podhorodecki
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Petr Ježek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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18
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Joshi T, Mamat C, Stephan H. Contemporary Synthesis of Ultrasmall (sub-10 nm) Upconverting Nanomaterials. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:703-712. [PMID: 32547900 PMCID: PMC7290284 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique photophysical properties, upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), i. e. particles capable of converting near-infrared (NIR) photons into tunable emissions in the range of ultraviolet (UV) to NIR, have great potential for use in various biomedical fields such as bioimaging, photodynamic therapy and bioanalytical applications. As far as biomedical applications are concerned, these materials have a number of advantageous properties such as brilliant luminescence and exceptional photostability. Very small "stealth" particles (sub-10 nm), which can circulate in the body largely undetected by the immune system, are particularly important for in vivo use. The fabrication of such particles, which simultaneously have a defined (ultrasmall) size and the required optical properties, is a great challenge and an area that is in its infancy. This minireview provides a concise overview of recent developments on appropriate synthetic methodologies to produce such UCNPs. Particular attention was given to the influence of both surfactants and dopants used to precisely adjust size, crystalline phase and optical properties of UCNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmaya Joshi
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 400D 01328DresdenGermany
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 400D 01328DresdenGermany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 400D 01328DresdenGermany
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19
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Loo JFC, Chien YH, Yin F, Kong SK, Ho HP, Yong KT. Upconversion and downconversion nanoparticles for biophotonics and nanomedicine. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Zhou M, Ge X, Ke DM, Tang H, Zhang JZ, Calvaresi M, Gao B, Sun L, Su Q, Wang H. The Bioavailability, Biodistribution, and Toxic Effects of Silica-Coated Upconversion Nanoparticles in vivo. Front Chem 2019; 7:218. [PMID: 31024902 PMCID: PMC6468325 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles can convert long wavelength excitation radiation to short wavelength emission. They have great potential in biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, biodetection, drug delivery, and theranostics. However, there is little information available on their bioavailability and biological effects after oral administration. In this study, we systematically investigated the bioavailability, biodistribution, and toxicity of silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles administrated by gavage. Our results demonstrate that these nanoparticles can permeate intestinal barrier and enter blood circulation by microstructure observation of Peyer's patch in the intestine. Comparing the bioavailability and the biodistribution of silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles with oral and intravenous administration routes, we found that the bioavailability and biodistribution are particularly dependent on the administration routes. After consecutive gavage for 14 days, the body weight, pathology, Zn and Cu level, serum biochemical analysis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines were studied to further evaluate the potential toxicity of the silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles. The results suggest that these nanoparticles do not show overt toxicity in mice even at a high dose of 100 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhou
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ge
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, and School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Ming Ke
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician,” Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bin Gao
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lining Sun
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, and School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Su
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Restraining fluoride loss from NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ upconverting nanoparticles in aqueous environments using crosslinked poly(acrylic acid)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) multilayers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 538:320-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Estebanez N, González-Béjar M, Pérez-Prieto J. Polysulfonate Cappings on Upconversion Nanoparticles Prevent Their Disintegration in Water and Provide Superior Stability in a Highly Acidic Medium. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3012-3019. [PMID: 31459525 PMCID: PMC6648593 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The stability of organic cappings on hexagonal NaYF4:Ln3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is crucial for their luminescence efficiency in aqueous solutions. The capping removal quickens as the acidity of the medium increases. We demonstrate here that polysulfonates, namely poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate) (PAMPS) and poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS), remain anchored to the surface of NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+/Tm3 UCNPs even at a pH as low as 2 due to strong acidity of the sulfonate anchoring groups (pK a of ca. -3). Bare UCNPs progressively disintegrate into their compositional F-, Na+, Y3+, and Ln3+ ions. Their disintegration is particularly worrying in highly diluted dispersions of nanoparticles because both the lanthanide ions and/or the bare UCNPs can cause undesirable interference in a chemical or biological environment. Remarkably, the UC@PSS nanohybrid is particularly chemically stable, exhibiting an amazingly low release of Y3+ and Ln3+ ions for up to 96 h in highly diluted water dispersions (10 μg/mL). Additional advantages of the use of PSS as capping layer are its biocompatibility and its high dispersibility in water, together with easy further functionalization of the UCNP@PSS nanohybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Estebanez
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - María González-Béjar
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Pérez-Prieto
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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23
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Mandl GA, Cooper DR, Hirsch T, Seuntjens J, Capobianco JA. Perspective: lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2019; 7:012004. [PMID: 30572318 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aafa3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this perspective, we aim to present an overview of some important physical and chemical aspects of lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticle research to be considered, from synthesis considerations to bioapplications. To this end, we have reviewed several practical considerations and prepared several straightforward recommendations toward improved cohesion in the field, based on observed trends over the last decade of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Mandl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4b 1R6, Canada
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24
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Dukhno O, Przybilla F, Muhr V, Buchner M, Hirsch T, Mély Y. Time-dependent luminescence loss for individual upconversion nanoparticles upon dilution in aqueous solution. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15904-15910. [PMID: 30106079 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-particle luminescence microscopy is a powerful method to extract information on biological systems that is not accessible by ensemble-level methods. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are a particularly promising luminophore for single-particle microscopy as they provide stable, non-blinking luminescence and allow the avoidance of biological autofluorescence by their anti-Stokes emission. Recently, ensemble measurements of diluted aqueous dispersions of UCNPs have shown the instability of luminescence over time due to particle dissolution-related effects. This can be especially detrimental for single-particle experiments. However, this effect has never been estimated at the individual particle level. Here, the luminescence response of individual UCNPs under aqueous conditions is investigated by quantitative wide-field microscopy. The particles exhibit a rapid luminescence loss, accompanied by large changes in spectral response, leading to a considerable heterogeneity in their luminescence and band intensity ratio. Moreover, the dissolution-caused intensity loss is not correlated with the initial particle intensity or band ratio, which makes it virtually unpredictable. These effects and the subsequent development of their heterogeneity can be largely slowed down by adding millimolar concentrations of sodium fluoride in buffer. As a consequence, the presented data indicate that microscopy experiments employing UCNPs in an aqueous environment should be performed under conditions that carefully prevent these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii Dukhno
- Laboratory of Biomaging and Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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25
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Palo E, Lahtinen S, Päkkilä H, Salomäki M, Soukka T, Lastusaari M. Effective Shielding of NaYF 4:Yb 3+,Er 3+ Upconverting Nanoparticles in Aqueous Environments Using Layer-by-Layer Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7759-7766. [PMID: 29901401 PMCID: PMC6150739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions are the basis for most biomedical assays, but they quench the upconversion luminescence significantly. Surface modifications of upconverting nanoparticles are vital for shielding the obtained luminescence. Modifications also provide new possibilities for further use by introducing attaching sites for biomolecule conjugation. We demonstrate the use of a layer-by-layer surface modification method combining varying lengths of negatively charged polyelectrolytes with positive neodymium ions in coating the upconverting NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles. We confirmed the formation of the bilayers and investigated the surface properties with Fourier transform infrared and reflectance spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and ζ-potential measurements. The effect of the coating on the upconversion luminescence properties was characterized, and the bilayers with the highest improvement in emission intensity were identified. In addition, studies for the nanoparticle and surface stability were carried out in aqueous environments. It was observed that the bilayers were able to shield the materials' luminescence from quenching also in the presence of phosphate buffer that is currently considered the most disruptive environment for the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Palo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Doctoral
Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Lahtinen
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Henna Päkkilä
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Salomäki
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku
University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MatSurf), FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Soukka
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Lastusaari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku
University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MatSurf), FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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26
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Yang G, Cao Y, Yan B, Lv Q, Yu J, Zhao F, Chen Z, Yang H, Chen M, Jin Z. Application of a double-colour upconversion nanofluorescent probe for targeted imaging of mantle cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16758-16774. [PMID: 29682183 PMCID: PMC5908284 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles are a new type of fluorescent marker in biomedical imaging that can convert a longer wavelength (such as near-infrared fluorescence) into a shorter wavelength (such as visible light). Mantle cell lymphoma, which is derived from B-cell lymphoma, is a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the immune phenotype is a mature B-cell phenotype (CD20+, CD5+). To develop the use of nanomaterials as specific markers for the medical imaging of mantle cell lymphoma, we modified the surface of UCNPs by oxidation so that the CD20 or CD5 antibody could covalently attach to the upconversion nanoparticles to form antibody-UCNP conjugates. These antibody-UCNP conjugates were used as fluorescent probes to detect the CD20 or CD5 antigen. Due to the excessive expression of these antigens on the surface of MCL cells and successful strong connection between the antibody and UCNPs, the latter could specifically combine with mantle cell lymphoma cells. Upon near-infrared excitation at 980 nm, cells labelled with UCNPs emitted bright upconversion fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Pathology Department, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Pathology Department, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yan
- Pathology Department, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Pathology Department, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Fusheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Heran Yang
- Pathology Department, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Mengxi Chen
- Pathology Department, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Zaishun Jin
- Pathology Department, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
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27
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Guan M, Zhou Z, Mei L, Zheng H, Ren W, Wang L, Du Y, Jin D, Zhou J. Direct cation exchange of surface ligand capped upconversion nanocrystals to produce strong luminescence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9587-9590. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04924f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We develop a facile and rapid cation exchange method for upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) without removing surface ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guan
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Lefu Mei
- School of Materials Science and Technology
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials
- China University of Geosciences
- Beijing 100083
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Technology
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials
- China University of Geosciences
- Beijing 100083
| | - Wei Ren
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Li Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM)
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM)
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Yi Du
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM)
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM)
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology
- Sydney
- Australia
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28
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Luo Y, Du S, Zhang W, Liao Z, Zuo F, Yang S. Core@shell Fe3O4@Mn2+-doped NaYF4:Yb/Tm nanoparticles for triple-modality T1/T2-weighted MRI and NIR-to-NIR upconversion luminescence imaging agents. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07460c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Core@shell structures of Fe3O4@Mn2+-doped NaYF4:Yb/Tm nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and then used for in vivo NIR to NIR (980 nm to 800 nm) imaging, and as dual-mode T1/T2-weighted MRI because of the co-existence of Fe3O4 and Mn2+ in the NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering
- Southwest Minzu University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Sinan Du
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering
- Southwest Minzu University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering
- Southwest Minzu University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Zhengfang Liao
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering
- Southwest Minzu University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Fang Zuo
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering
- Southwest Minzu University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Shengtao Yang
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering
- Southwest Minzu University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
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