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Vasconez Martinez MG, Reihs EI, Stuetz HM, Hafner A, Brandauer K, Selinger F, Schuller P, Bastus N, Puntes V, Frank J, Tomischko W, Frauenlob M, Ertl P, Resch C, Bauer G, Povoden G, Rothbauer M. Using Rapid Prototyping to Develop a Cell-Based Platform with Electrical Impedance Sensor Membranes for In Vitro RPMI2650 Nasal Nanotoxicology Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:107. [PMID: 38392026 PMCID: PMC10886737 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Due to advances in additive manufacturing and prototyping, affordable and rapid microfluidic sensor-integrated assays can be fabricated using additive manufacturing, xurography and electrode shadow masking to create versatile platform technologies aimed toward qualitative assessment of acute cytotoxic or cytolytic events using stand-alone biochip platforms in the context of environmental risk assessment. In the current study, we established a nasal mucosa biosensing platform using RPMI2650 mucosa cells inside a membrane-integrated impedance-sensing biochip using exclusively rapid prototyping technologies. In a final proof-of-concept, we applied this biosensing platform to create human cell models of nasal mucosa for monitoring the acute cytotoxic effect of zinc oxide reference nanoparticles. Our data generated with the biochip platform successfully monitored the acute toxicity and cytolytic activity of 6 mM zinc oxide nanoparticles, which was non-invasively monitored as a negative impedance slope on nasal epithelial models, demonstrating the feasibility of rapid prototyping technologies such as additive manufacturing and xurography for cell-based platform development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Gabriel Vasconez Martinez
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Eva I. Reihs
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helene M. Stuetz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Astrid Hafner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Konstanze Brandauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Florian Selinger
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Patrick Schuller
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Neus Bastus
- Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, UAB Campus, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Victor Puntes
- Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, UAB Campus, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Johannes Frank
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.F.); (W.T.)
| | - Wolfgang Tomischko
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.F.); (W.T.)
| | - Martin Frauenlob
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.F.); (W.T.)
| | - Christian Resch
- Science, Research, and Development Division, Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Bauer
- Science, Research, and Development Division, Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CBRN-Defence-Centre, Austrian Armed Forces, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Guenter Povoden
- CBRN-Defence-Centre, Austrian Armed Forces, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department for Legal Philosophy, Law of Religion and Culture, University Vienna, Freyung 6, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), IFA Building 1, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Sitkov N, Ryabko A, Moshnikov V, Aleshin A, Kaplun D, Zimina T. Hybrid Impedimetric Biosensors for Express Protein Markers Detection. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:181. [PMID: 38398911 PMCID: PMC10890403 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Impedimetric biosensors represent a powerful and promising tool for studying and monitoring biological processes associated with proteins and can contribute to the development of new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The basic principles, analytical methods, and applications of hybrid impedimetric biosensors for express protein detection in biological fluids are described. The advantages of this type of biosensors, such as simplicity and speed of operation, sensitivity and selectivity of analysis, cost-effectiveness, and an ability to be integrated into hybrid microfluidic systems, are demonstrated. Current challenges and development prospects in this area are analyzed. They include (a) the selection of materials for electrodes and formation of nanostructures on their surface; (b) the development of efficient methods for biorecognition elements' deposition on the electrodes' surface, providing the specificity and sensitivity of biosensing; (c) the reducing of nonspecific binding and interference, which could affect specificity; (d) adapting biosensors to real samples and conditions of operation; (e) expanding the range of detected proteins; and, finally, (f) the development of biosensor integration into large microanalytical system technologies. This review could be useful for researchers working in the field of impedimetric biosensors for protein detection, as well as for those interested in the application of this type of biosensor in biomedical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sitkov
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
- Engineering Centre for Microtechnology and Diagnostics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Ryabko
- Laboratory of Nonequilibrium Processes in Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vyacheslav Moshnikov
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
| | - Andrey Aleshin
- Laboratory of Nonequilibrium Processes in Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Kaplun
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China;
- Department of Automation and Control Processes, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Zimina
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
- Engineering Centre for Microtechnology and Diagnostics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Sagot M, Bou E, Bourrier D, Cerf A, Aubert H, Vieu C. Bio-Impedance Spectroscopy of Retained Cells Using a Micro-Perforated Sensing Membrane Filtrating Whole Blood Samples under High Flowrate. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:996. [PMID: 38131756 PMCID: PMC10741909 DOI: 10.3390/bios13120996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Blood filtration using micro-fabricated devices is an interdisciplinary topic of research and innovation driven by clinical applications in cytapheresis, cardiovascular disease monitoring, or liquid biopsy. In this paper, we demonstrate that a micro-perforated membrane can be equipped with sensing microelectrodes for detecting, in situ and in real-time, the capture of cellular material during ex vivo filtration of whole blood under high flow rates. This work describes the fabrication process of the sift and detection microdevice. We demonstrate that reliable electrical signals can be measured in whole blood samples flowing inside a fluidic system at typical flow rates, as large as 11.5 mL/min, hence allowing for large-volume sample processing. The in situ monitoring of the electrical impedance of the microelectrodes is shown to characterize the accumulation of living circulating cells retained by the filtrating membrane, opening interesting applications for monitoring blood filtration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Sagot
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, INPT, 31400 Toulouse, France
- SmartCatch, 1 Place Pierre Potier, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Elise Bou
- SmartCatch, 1 Place Pierre Potier, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - David Bourrier
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, INPT, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Aline Cerf
- SmartCatch, 1 Place Pierre Potier, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Aubert
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, INPT, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Vieu
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, INPT, 31400 Toulouse, France
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Microfluidic-based blood immunoassays. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 228:115313. [PMID: 36868029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics enables the integration of whole protocols performed in a laboratory, including sample loading, reaction, extraction, and measurement steps on a single system, which offers significant advantages thanks to small-scale operation combined with precise fluid control. These include providing efficient transportation mechanisms and immobilization, reduced sample and reagent volumes, fast analysis and response times, lower power requirements, lower cost and disposability, improved portability and sensitivity, and greater integration and automation capability. Immunoassay is a specific bioanalytical method based on the interaction of antigens and antibodies, which is utilized to detect bacteria, viruses, proteins, and small molecules in several areas such as biopharmaceutical analysis, environmental analysis, food safety, and clinical diagnostics. Because of the advantages of both techniques, the combination of immunoassays and microfluidic technology is considered one of the most potential biosensor systems for blood samples. This review presents the current progress and important developments in microfluidic-based blood immunoassays. After providing several basic information about blood analysis, immunoassays, and microfluidics, the review points out in-depth information about microfluidic platforms, detection techniques, and commercial microfluidic blood immunoassay platforms. In conclusion, some thoughts and future perspectives are provided.
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Bead Number Effect in a Magnetic-Beads-Based Digital Microfluidic Immunoassay. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050340. [PMID: 35624641 PMCID: PMC9138409 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In a biomedical diagnosis with a limited sample volume and low concentration, droplet-based microfluidics, also called digital microfluidics, becomes a very attractive approach. Previously, our group developed a magnetic-beads-based digital microfluidic immunoassay with a bead number of around 100, requiring less than 1 μL of sample volume to achieve a pg/mL level limit of detection (LOD). However, the bead number in each measurement was not the same, causing an unstable coefficient of variation (CV) in the calibration curve. Here, we investigated whether a fixed number of beads in this bead-based digital microfluidic immunoassay could provide more stable results. First, the bead screening chips were developed to extract exactly 100, 49, and 25 magnetic beads with diameters of less than 6 μm. Then, four calibration curves were established. One calibration curve was constructed by using varying bead numbers (50–160) in the process. The other three calibration curves used a fixed number of beads, (100, 49, and 25). The results indicated that the CVs for a fixed number of beads were evidently smaller than the CVs for varying bead numbers, especially in the range of 1 pg/mL to 100 pg/mL, where the CVs for 100 beads were less than 10%. Furthermore, the calculated LOD, based on the composite calibration curves, could be reduced by three orders, from 3.0 pg/mL (for the unfixed bead number) to 0.0287 pg/mL (for 100 beads). However, when the bead numbers were too high (more than 500) or too low (25 or fewer), the bead manipulation for aggregation became more difficult in the magnetic-beads-based digital microfluidic immunoassay chip.
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Konoplev G, Agafonova D, Bakhchova L, Mukhin N, Kurachkina M, Schmidt MP, Verlov N, Sidorov A, Oseev A, Stepanova O, Kozyrev A, Dmitriev A, Hirsch S. Label-Free Physical Techniques and Methodologies for Proteins Detection in Microfluidic Biosensor Structures. Biomedicines 2022; 10:207. [PMID: 35203416 PMCID: PMC8868674 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins in biological fluids (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid) are important biomarkers of various pathological conditions. Protein biomarkers detection and quantification have been proven to be an indispensable diagnostic tool in clinical practice. There is a growing tendency towards using portable diagnostic biosensor devices for point-of-care (POC) analysis based on microfluidic technology as an alternative to conventional laboratory protein assays. In contrast to universally accepted analytical methods involving protein labeling, label-free approaches often allow the development of biosensors with minimal requirements for sample preparation by omitting expensive labelling reagents. The aim of the present work is to review the variety of physical label-free techniques of protein detection and characterization which are suitable for application in micro-fluidic structures and analyze the technological and material aspects of label-free biosensors that implement these methods. The most widely used optical and impedance spectroscopy techniques: absorption, fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance, Raman scattering, and interferometry, as well as new trends in photonics are reviewed. The challenges of materials selection, surfaces tailoring in microfluidic structures, and enhancement of the sensitivity and miniaturization of biosensor systems are discussed. The review provides an overview for current advances and future trends in microfluidics integrated technologies for label-free protein biomarkers detection and discusses existing challenges and a way towards novel solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii Konoplev
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Darina Agafonova
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Liubov Bakhchova
- Institute for Automation Technology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Nikolay Mukhin
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
- Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; (M.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Marharyta Kurachkina
- Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; (M.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Marc-Peter Schmidt
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Nikolay Verlov
- Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov, National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, 188300 Gatchina, Russia;
| | - Alexander Sidorov
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
- Fuculty of Photonics, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Oseev
- FEMTO-ST Institute, CNRS UMR-6174, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Oksana Stepanova
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrey Kozyrev
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Dmitriev
- Department of Ecological Physiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine” (FSBSI “IEM”), 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Soeren Hirsch
- Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; (M.K.); (S.H.)
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Sathish S, Shen AQ. Toward the Development of Rapid, Specific, and Sensitive Microfluidic Sensors: A Comprehensive Device Blueprint. JACS AU 2021; 1:1815-1833. [PMID: 34841402 PMCID: PMC8611667 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nano/microfluidics have led to the miniaturization of surface-based chemical and biochemical sensors, with applications ranging from environmental monitoring to disease diagnostics. These systems rely on the detection of analytes flowing in a liquid sample, by exploiting their innate nature to react with specific receptors immobilized on the microchannel walls. The efficiency of these systems is defined by the cumulative effect of analyte detection speed, sensitivity, and specificity. In this perspective, we provide a fresh outlook on the use of important parameters obtained from well-characterized analytical models, by connecting the mass transport and reaction limits with the experimentally attainable limits of analyte detection efficiency. Specifically, we breakdown when and how the operational (e.g., flow rates, channel geometries, mode of detection, etc.) and molecular (e.g., receptor affinity and functionality) variables can be tailored to enhance the analyte detection time, analytical specificity, and sensitivity of the system (i.e., limit of detection). Finally, we present a simple yet cohesive blueprint for the development of high-efficiency surface-based microfluidic sensors for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of chemical and biochemical analytes, pertinent to a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sathish
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate
University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate
University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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