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Eljounaidi K, Radzikowska BA, Whitehead CB, Taylor DJ, Conde S, Davis W, Dowle AA, Langer S, James S, Unsworth WP, Ezer D, Larson TR, Lichman BR. Variation of terpene alkaloids in Daphniphyllum macropodum across plants and tissues. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:299-313. [PMID: 38757546 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Daphniphyllum macropodum produces alkaloids that are structurally complex with polycyclic, stereochemically rich carbon skeletons. Understanding how these compounds are formed by the plant may enable exploration of their biological function and bioactivities. We employed multiple metabolomics techniques, including a workflow to annotate compounds in the absence of standards, to compare alkaloid content across plants and tissues. Different alkaloid structural types were found to have distinct distributions between genotypes, between tissues and within tissues. Alkaloid structural types also showed different isotope labelling enrichments that matched their biosynthetic relationships. The work suggests that mevalonate derived 30-carbon alkaloids are formed in the phloem region before their conversion to 22-carbon alkaloids which accumulate in the epidermis. This sets the stage for further investigation into the biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Eljounaidi
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Barbara A Radzikowska
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Caragh B Whitehead
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Danielle J Taylor
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Susana Conde
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - William Davis
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Adam A Dowle
- Biosciences Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Swen Langer
- Biosciences Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sally James
- Biosciences Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Daphne Ezer
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tony R Larson
- Biosciences Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Benjamin R Lichman
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Zhou T, Xing Q, Bu J, Han W, Shen Z. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid and alkaloid biosynthesis in the new and old leaves of Murraya tetramera Huang. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:499. [PMID: 38840069 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murraya tetramera Huang is a traditional Chinese woody medicine. Its leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, and other active compounds, which have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, as well as hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects, and anti-tumor effects. There are significant differences in the content of flavonoids and alkaloids in leaves during different growth cycles, but the synthesis mechanism is still unclear. RESULTS In April 2021, new leaves (one month old) and old leaves (one and a half years old) of M. tetramera were used as experimental materials to systematically analyze the changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) with transcriptomics and metabolomics technology. This was done to identify the signaling pathways of flavonoid and alkaloid synthesis. The results showed that the contents of total alkaloids and flavonoids in old leaves were significantly higher than those in new leaves. Thirteen flavonoid compounds, three isoflavone compounds, and nineteen alkaloid compounds were identified, and 125 and 48 DEGs related to flavonoid and alkaloid synthesis were found, respectively. By constructing the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) network of DEGs and DAMs, it was shown that the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in M. tetramera mainly focuses on the "flavonoid biosynthetic pathway" and the "flavonoid and flavonol biosynthetic pathway". Among them, p-Coumaryl alcohol, Sinapyl alcohol, Phloretin, and Isoquercitrin were significantly accumulated in old leaves, the up-regulated expression of CCR (cinnamoyl-CoA reductase) might promote the accumulation of p-Coumaryl alcohol, upregulation of F5H (ferulate-5-hydroxylase) might promote Sinapyl alcohol accumulation. Alkaloids, including indole alkaloids, pyridine alkaloids, imidazole alkaloids, and quinoline alkaloids, were significantly accumulated in old leaves, and a total of 29 genes were associated with these substances. CONCLUSIONS These data are helpful to better understand the biosynthesis of flavonoids and alkaloids in M. tetramera and provide a scientific basis for the development of medicinal components in M. tetramera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No.498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qinqin Xing
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No.498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiahao Bu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No.498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wenjun Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No.498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Zhiguo Shen
- Henan Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan Province, China.
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Liu W, Liu RZ, Yang H, Gao W, Li P. Biosynthetic pathway analysis combined with feature-based molecular networking to comprehensively characterize the chemical constituents in seeds of Sterculia lychnophora. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024. [PMID: 38706424 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The seeds of Sterculia lychnophora Hance, commonly known as Pangdahai (PDH) in Chinese, have found extensive use in both culinary and traditional medicinal practices. However, a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition of PDH has been lacking. OBJECTIVES This study proposes a strategy that integrates biosynthetic pathway analysis with feature-based molecular networking (FBMN), aiming for a thorough and global characterization of the chemical compositions of PDH. METHODOLOGY The FBMN map reveals potential compounds with structural similarity, and the MS/MS fragments could be annotated based on library matches, which could predict the plausible biosynthetic pathways in PDH, accomplishing the annotation of compounds clustered in FBMN by integrating biosynthetic pathways. RESULTS Consequently, 126 compounds were plausibly or unambiguously identified, including 37 phenolic acids and glycosides, 20 flavonoids and glycosides, 12 procyanidins, 21 alkaloids, 22 lipids, and 14 others. Leveraging the information, 40 compounds, including 1 unique isoquinoline alkaloid and 2 rare linear furocoumarins, were isolated and confirmed. CONCLUSIONS This study not only demonstrates a highly effective approach for identifying compounds within complex herbal mixtures but also establishes a robust foundation for the further development of PDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Run-Zhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Dias SL, Chuang L, Liu S, Seligmann B, Brendel FL, Chavez BG, Hoffie RE, Hoffie I, Kumlehn J, Bültemeier A, Wolf J, Herde M, Witte CP, D'Auria JC, Franke J. Biosynthesis of the allelopathic alkaloid gramine in barley by a cryptic oxidative rearrangement. Science 2024; 383:1448-1454. [PMID: 38547266 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk6112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The defensive alkaloid gramine not only protects barley and other grasses from insects but also negatively affects their palatability to ruminants. The key gene for gramine formation has remained elusive, hampering breeding initiatives. In this work, we report that a gene encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP76M57, which we name AMI synthase (AMIS), enables the production of gramine in Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We reconstituted gramine production in the gramine-free barley (Hordeum vulgare) variety Golden Promise and eliminated it from cultivar Tafeno by Cas-mediated gene editing. In vitro experiments unraveled that an unexpected cryptic oxidative rearrangement underlies this noncanonical conversion of an amino acid to a chain-shortened biogenic amine. The discovery of the genetic basis of gramine formation now permits tailor-made optimization of gramine-linked traits in barley by plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Leite Dias
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ling Chuang
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Shenyu Liu
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Benedikt Seligmann
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabian L Brendel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Benjamin G Chavez
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Robert E Hoffie
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Iris Hoffie
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Arne Bültemeier
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johanna Wolf
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marco Herde
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Witte
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - John C D'Auria
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jakob Franke
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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Hurtado-Díaz I, Ramírez-Cisneros MÁ, Alvarez L, Sánchez-Carranza JN, Columba-Palomares MC, Silva-Guzmán JA, Cruz-Sosa F, Bernabé-Antonio A. Metabolites Profile of Extracts and Fractions of Erythroxylum mexicanum Kunth by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and its Antibacterial, Cytotoxic and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301474. [PMID: 38215210 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The present study shows the untargeted metabolite profiling and in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxic, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities of the methanolic leaves extract (MLE) and methanolic stem extract (MSE) of Erythroxylum mexicanum, as well as the fractions from MSE. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), a total of 70 metabolites were identified; mainly alkaloids in the MLE, while the MSE showed a high abundance of diterpenoids. The MSE fractions exhibited differential activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Notably, the hexane fraction (HSF) against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 (MIC=62.5 μg/mL) exhibited a bactericidal effect. The MSE fractions exhibited cytotoxicity against all cancer cell lines tested, with selectivity towards them compared to a noncancerous cell line. Particularly, the HSF and chloroform fraction (CSF) showed the highest cytotoxicity against prostate cancer (PC-3) cells, with IC50 values of 19.9 and 18.1 μg/mL and selectivity indexes of 3.8 and 4.2, respectively. Both the HSF and ethyl acetate (EASF) fractions of the MSE inhibited NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with NO production percentages of 50.0 % and 51.7 %, respectively, at a concentration of 30 μg/mL. These results indicated that E. mexicanum can be a source of antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Hurtado-Díaz
- Department of Wood, Pulp and Paper, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Guadalajara-Nogales, Col. Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M Ángeles Ramírez-Cisneros
- Chemical Research Center-IICBA, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Chemical Research Center-IICBA, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jessica Nayelli Sánchez-Carranza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - María Crystal Columba-Palomares
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - José Antonio Silva-Guzmán
- Department of Wood, Pulp and Paper, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Guadalajara-Nogales, Col. Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Francisco Cruz-Sosa
- Department of Biotechnology, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa Campus, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1a. Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Mexico City, 09310, Mexico
| | - Antonio Bernabé-Antonio
- Department of Wood, Pulp and Paper, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Guadalajara-Nogales, Col. Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
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6
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Dong H, Ge H. Carbonic anhydrase-like enzymes in the formation of Lycopodium alkaloid. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:193-194. [PMID: 38553187 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Dong
- State key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huiming Ge
- State key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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7
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Leite ELL, Sheila de Queiroz Souza A, Riceli Vasconcelos Ribeiro P, de Cássia Alves Pereira R, Florêncio Martins N, Kueirislene Amâncio Ferreira M, Silva Alencar de Menezes JE, Silva Dos Santos H, Deusdênia Loiola Pessoa O, Marques Canuto K. Molecular Docking and GC/MS-Based Approach for Identification of Anxiolytic Alkaloids from Griffinia (Amaryllidaceae) Species in a Zebrafish Model. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202302122. [PMID: 38354224 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202302122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Griffinia gardneriana Ravenna, Griffinia liboniana Morren and Griffinia nocturna Ravenna (Amarillydaceae) are bulbous plants found in tropical regions of Brazil. Our work aimed to determine the alkaloid profiles of Griffinia spp. and evaluate their anxiolytic potential through in vivo and in silico assays. The plants grown in greenhouses were dried and their ground bulbs were subjected to liquid-liquid partitions, resulting in alkaloid fractions that were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Anxiolytic activity was evaluated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) through intraperitoneal injection at doses of 40, 100 and 200 mg/kg in light-dark box test. GC-MS analyses revealed 23 alkaloids belonging to different skeleton types: lycorine, homolychorine, galanthamine, crinine, haemanthamine, montanine and narcisclasine. The chemical profiles were relatively similar, presenting 8 alkaloids common to the three species. The major component for G. gardneriana and G. liboniana was lycorine, while G. nocturna consisted mainly of anhydrolycorine. All three alkaloid fractions demonstrated anxiolytic effect. Furthermore, pre-treatment with diazepam and pizotifen drugs was able to reverse the anxiolytic action, indicating involving the GABAergic and serotonergic receptors. Molecular docking showed that the compounds vittatine, lycorine and 11,12-dehydro-2-methoxyassoanine had high affinity with both receptors, suggesting them to be responsible for the anxiolytic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elder Luis Lima Leite
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Kueirislene Amâncio Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Kirley Marques Canuto
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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8
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Santos TCD, Obando JMC, Leite PEC, Pereira MR, Leitão MDF, Abujadi C, Pimenta LDFL, Martins RCC, Cavalcanti DN. Approaches of marine compounds and relevant immune mediators in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Opportunities and challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116153. [PMID: 38277916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social skills, language, communication, and behavioral skills, significantly impacting the individual's quality of life. Recently, numerous works have centered on the connections between the immune and central nervous systems and the influence of neuroinflammation on autism symptomatology. Marine natural products are considered as important alternative sources of different types of compounds, including polysaccharides, polyphenols, sterols, carotenoids, terpenoids and, alkaloids. These compounds present anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and immunomodulatory activities, exhibiting a potential for the treatment of many diseases. Although many studies address the marine compounds in the modulation of inflammatory mediators, there is a gap regarding their use in the regulation of the immune system in ASD. Thus, this review aims to provide a better understanding regarding cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and immune responses in ASD, as well as the potential of bioactive marine compounds in the immune regulation in ASD. We expect that this review would contribute to the development of therapeutic alternatives for controlling immune mediators and inflammation in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalisia Cunha Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Produtos Naturais de Algas Marinha (ALGAMAR), Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Autismo (NEPA), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Johana Marcela Concha Obando
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais de Algas Marinha (ALGAMAR), Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Autismo (NEPA), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emílio Corrêa Leite
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Autismo (NEPA), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Instituto LisMAPS, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rodrigues Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Instituto LisMAPS, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mônica de Freitas Leitão
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Autismo (NEPA), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Camp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Abujadi
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Autismo (NEPA), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inclusão (PGCTIn), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Carlos Campos Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diana Negrão Cavalcanti
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais de Algas Marinha (ALGAMAR), Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Autismo (NEPA), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inclusão (PGCTIn), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Yao L, Wu X, Jiang X, Shan M, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yang A, Li Y, Yang C. Subcellular compartmentalization in the biosynthesis and engineering of plant natural products. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108258. [PMID: 37722606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) are specialized metabolites with diverse bioactivities. They are extensively used in the pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and food industries. PNPs are synthesized in plant cells by enzymes that are distributed in different subcellular compartments with unique microenvironments, such as ions, co-factors and substrates. Plant metabolic engineering is an emerging and promising approach for the sustainable production of PNPs, for which the knowledge of the subcellular compartmentalization of their biosynthesis is instrumental. In this review we describe the state of the art on the role of subcellular compartments in the biosynthesis of major types of PNPs, including terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and glucosinolates, and highlight the efforts to target biosynthetic pathways to subcellular compartments in plants. In addition, we will discuss the challenges and strategies in the field of plant synthetic biology and subcellular engineering. We expect that newly developed methods and tools, together with the knowledge gained from the microbial chassis, will greatly advance plant metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xiuming Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xun Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Muhammad Shan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Zhuoxiang Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Changqing Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
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Nett RS, Dho Y, Tsai C, Passow D, Martinez Grundman J, Low YY, Sattely ES. Plant carbonic anhydrase-like enzymes in neuroactive alkaloid biosynthesis. Nature 2023; 624:182-191. [PMID: 37938780 PMCID: PMC10700139 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize numerous alkaloids that mimic animal neurotransmitters1. The diversity of alkaloid structures is achieved through the generation and tailoring of unique carbon scaffolds2,3, yet many neuroactive alkaloids belong to a scaffold class for which no biosynthetic route or enzyme catalyst is known. By studying highly coordinated, tissue-specific gene expression in plants that produce neuroactive Lycopodium alkaloids4, we identified an unexpected enzyme class for alkaloid biosynthesis: neofunctionalized α-carbonic anhydrases (CAHs). We show that three CAH-like (CAL) proteins are required in the biosynthetic route to a key precursor of the Lycopodium alkaloids by catalysing a stereospecific Mannich-like condensation and subsequent bicyclic scaffold generation. Also, we describe a series of scaffold tailoring steps that generate the optimized acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity of huperzine A5. Our findings suggest a broader involvement of CAH-like enzymes in specialized metabolism and demonstrate how successive scaffold tailoring can drive potency against a neurological protein target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Nett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Yaereen Dho
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chun Tsai
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Passow
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Yun-Yee Low
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elizabeth S Sattely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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11
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Kang Y, Li Y, Zhang T, Wang P, Liu W, Zhang Z, Yu W, Wang J, Wang J, Zhou Y. Integrated metabolome, full-length sequencing, and transcriptome analyses unveil the molecular mechanisms of color formation of the canary yellow and red bracts of Bougainvillea × buttiana 'Chitra'. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1441-1461. [PMID: 37648415 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Bougainvillea is a typical tropical flower of great ornamental value due to its colorful bracts. The molecular mechanism behind color formation is not well-understood. Therefore, this research conducted metabolome analysis, transcriptome analysis, and multi-flux full-length sequencing in two color bracts of Bougainvillea × buttiana 'Chitra' to investigate the significantly different metabolites (SDMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Overall, 261 SDMs, including 62 flavonoids and 26 alkaloids, were detected, and flavonols and betalains were significantly differentially accumulated among the two bracts. Furthermore, the complete-length transcriptome of Bougainvillea × buttiana was also developed, which contained 512 493 non-redundant isoforms. Among them, 341 210 (66.58%) displayed multiple annotations in the KOG, GO, NR, KEGG, Pfam, Swissprot, and NT databases. RNA-seq findings revealed that 3610 DEGs were identified between two bracts. Co-expression analysis demonstrated that the DEGs and SDMs involved in flavonol metabolism (such as CHS, CHI, F3H, FLS, CYP75B1, kaempferol, and quercetin) and betacyanin metabolism (DODA, betanidin, and betacyanins) were the main contributors for the canary yellow and red bract formation, respectively. Further investigation revealed that several putative transcription factors (TFs) might interact with the promoters of the genes mentioned above. The expression profiles of the putative TFs displayed that they may positively and negatively regulate the structural genes' expression profiles. The data revealed a potential regulatory network between important genes, putative TFs, and metabolites in the flavonol and betacyanin biosynthesis of Bougainvillea × buttiana 'Chitra' bracts. These findings will serve as a rich genetic resource for future studies that could create new color bracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Kang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang, 441057, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhaogao L, Yaxuan W, Mengwei X, Haiyu L, Lin L, Delin X. Molecular mechanism overview of metabolite biosynthesis in medicinal plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108125. [PMID: 37883919 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are essential and rich resources for plant-based medicines and new drugs. Increasing attentions are paid to the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants due to their unique biological activity, pharmacological action, and high utilization value. However, the development of medicinal plants is constrained by limited natural resources and an unclear understanding of the mechanisms underlying active medicinal ingredients, thereby rendering the utilization and exploration of secondary metabolites more challenging. Besides, with the advancement of research on biosynthesis and molecular metabolism of natural products from medicinal plants, the methods for studying the biological activity and pharmacological effects of these products are constantly evolving. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the biosynthetic pathways and related regulatory genes of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, which has greatly advanced both basic research and the development of clinical applications for medicinal plants. In this review, we discuss the past two decades of international research on the development of medicinal plant resources, mainly focusing on the biosynthetic pathway of secondary metabolites, intracellular signal transduction processes, multi-omics applications, and the application of gene editing technology in related research progress. We also discuss future development trends to promote the deep mining and development of natural products from medicinal plants, providing a useful reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhaogao
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.
| | - Wang Yaxuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xu Mengwei
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China; Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.
| | - Liu Haiyu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China; Guizhou Provincial Demonstration Center of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xu Delin
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China; Guizhou Provincial Demonstration Center of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 Xuefuxi Road Xinpu District of Zunyi City, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.
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13
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Vollheyde K, Dudley QM, Yang T, Oz MT, Mancinotti D, Fedi MO, Heavens D, Linsmith G, Chhetry M, Smedley MA, Harwood WA, Swarbreck D, Geu‐Flores F, Patron NJ. An improved Nicotiana benthamiana bioproduction chassis provides novel insights into nicotine biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:302-317. [PMID: 37488711 PMCID: PMC10952274 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The model plant Nicotiana benthamiana is an increasingly attractive organism for the production of high-value, biologically active molecules. However, N. benthamiana accumulates high levels of pyridine alkaloids, in particular nicotine, which complicates the downstream purification processes. Here, we report a new assembly of the N. benthamiana genome as well as the generation of low-nicotine lines by CRISPR/Cas9-based inactivation of berberine bridge enzyme-like proteins (BBLs). Triple as well as quintuple mutants accumulated three to four times less nicotine than the respective control lines. The availability of lines without functional BBLs allowed us to probe their catalytic role in nicotine biosynthesis, which has remained obscure. Notably, chiral analysis revealed that the enantiomeric purity of nicotine was fully lost in the quintuple mutants. In addition, precursor feeding experiments showed that these mutants cannot facilitate the specific loss of C6 hydrogen that characterizes natural nicotine biosynthesis. Our work delivers an improved N. benthamiana chassis for bioproduction and uncovers the crucial role of BBLs in the stereoselectivity of nicotine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Vollheyde
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1871 FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Ting Yang
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1871 FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mehmet T. Oz
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UZUK
| | - Davide Mancinotti
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1871 FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Darren Heavens
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UZUK
| | - Gareth Linsmith
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UZUK
| | - Monika Chhetry
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UHUK
| | - Mark A. Smedley
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UHUK
| | | | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UZUK
| | - Fernando Geu‐Flores
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1871 FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
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14
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Xiao Z, Zhou J, Song X, Wang X, Hu L, Wang Y, Sun P, Wang W, He X, Lin S, Deng Z, Pan L, Jiang M. O-methyltransferase-like enzyme catalyzed diazo installation in polyketide biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5372. [PMID: 37666836 PMCID: PMC10477347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazo compounds are rare natural products possessing various biological activities. Kinamycin and lomaiviticin, two diazo natural products featured by the diazobenzofluorene core, exhibit exceptional potency as chemotherapeutic agents. Despite the extensive studies on their biosynthetic gene clusters and the assembly of their polyketide scaffolds, the formation of the characteristic diazo group remains elusive. L-Glutamylhydrazine was recently shown to be the hydrazine donor in kinamycin biosynthesis, however, the mechanism for the installation of the hydrazine group onto the kinamycin scaffold is still unclear. Here we describe an O-methyltransferase-like protein, AlpH, which is responsible for the hydrazine incorporation in kinamycin biosynthesis. AlpH catalyses a unique SAM-independent coupling of L-glutamylhydrazine and polyketide intermediate via a rare Mannich reaction in polyketide biosynthesis. Our discovery expands the catalytic diversity of O-methyltransferase-like enzymes and lays a strong foundation for the discovery and development of novel diazo natural products through genome mining and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Hu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wenning Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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15
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Bui VH, Rodríguez-López CE, Dang TTT. Integration of discovery and engineering in plant alkaloid research: Recent developments in elucidation, reconstruction, and repurposing biosynthetic pathways. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:102379. [PMID: 37182414 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize tens of thousands of bioactive nitrogen-containing compounds called alkaloids, including some clinically important drugs in modern medicine. The discovery of new alkaloid structures and their metabolism in plants have provided ways to access these rich sources of bioactivities including new-to-nature compounds relevant to therapeutic and industrial applications. This review discusses recent advances in alkaloid biosynthesis discovery, including complete pathway elucidations. Additionally, the latest developments in the production of new and established plant alkaloids based on either biosynthesis or semisynthesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hung Bui
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Carlos Eduardo Rodríguez-López
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico.
| | - Thu-Thuy T Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
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16
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Wang D, Li X, Miao Y, Zhang Q. Profiling Chemobiological Connection between Natural Product and Target Space Based on Systematic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11265. [PMID: 37511025 PMCID: PMC10378764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products provide valuable starting points for new drugs with unique chemical structures. Here, we retrieve and join the LOTUS natural product database and ChEMBL interaction database to explore the relations and rhythm between chemical features of natural products and biotarget spaces. Our analysis revealed relations between the biogenic pathways of natural products and species taxonomy. Nitrogen-containing natural products were more likely to achieve high activity and have a higher potential to become candidate compounds. An apparent trend existed in the target space of natural products originating from different biological sources. Highly active alkaloids were more related to targets of neurodegenerative or neural diseases. Oligopeptides and polyketides were mainly associated with protein phosphorylation and HDAC receptors. Fatty acids readily intervened in various physiological processes involving prostanoids and leukotrienes. We also used FusionDTA, a deep learning model, to predict the affinity between all LOTUS natural products and 622 therapeutic drug targets, exploring the potential target space for natural products. Our data exploration provided a global perspective on the gaps in the chemobiological space of natural compounds through systematic analysis and prediction of their target space, which can be used for new drug design or natural drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disheng Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xue Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yicheng Miao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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17
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Vitale GA, January GG, Oppong-Danquah E, Della Sala G, Palma Esposito F, Tasdemir D, de Pascale D. A metabologenomics approach to unlock the metabolome of the novel Antarctic deep-sea isolate Lacinutrix shetlandiensis sp. nov. WUR7. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad221. [PMID: 37448956 PMCID: PMC10337856 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The South Shetland Trough, Antarctica, is an underexplored region for microbiological and biotechnological exploitation. Herein, we describe the isolation and characterization of the novel bacterium Lacinutrix shetlandiensis sp. nov. WUR7 from a deep-sea environment. We explored its chemical diversity via a metabologenomics approach, wherein the OSMAC strategy was strategically employed to upregulate cryptic genes for secondary metabolite production. Based on hybrid de novo whole genome sequencing and digital DNA-DNA hybridization, isolate WUR7 was identified as a novel species from the Gram-negative genus Lacinutrix. Its genome was mined for the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters with limited results. However, extensive investigation of its metabolism uncovered an unusual tryptophan decarboxylase with high sequence homology and conserved structure of the active site as compared to ZP_02040762, a highly specific tryptophan decarboxylase from Ruminococcus gnavus. Therefore, WUR7's metabolism was directed toward indole-based alkaloid biosynthesis by feeding it with L-tryptophan. As expected, its metabolome profile changed dramatically, by triggering the extracellular accumulation of a massive array of metabolites unexpressed in the absence of tryptophan. Untargeted LC-MS/MS coupled with molecular networking, followed along with chemoinformatic dereplication, allowed for the annotation of 10 indole alkaloids, belonging to β-carboline, bisindole, and monoindole classes, alongside several unknown alkaloids. These findings guided us to the isolation of a new natural bisindole alkaloid 8,9-dihydrocoscinamide B (1), as the first alkaloid from the genus Lacinutrix, whose structure was elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESIMS experiments. This comprehensive strategy allowed us to unlock the previously unexploited metabolome of L. shetlandiensis sp. nov. WUR7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ernest Oppong-Danquah
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany
| | | | - Fortunato Palma Esposito
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Giardini Molosiglio, Via F.A. Acton 55, 80133, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany
- Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, Kiel 24118, Germany
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18
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Liu S, Li L, Ren D. Anti-Cancer Potential of Phytochemicals: The Regulation of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Molecules 2023; 28:5069. [PMID: 37446730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A biological process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) allows epithelial cells to change into mesenchymal cells and acquire some cancer stem cell properties. EMT contributes significantly to the metastasis, invasion, and development of treatment resistance in cancer cells. Current research has demonstrated that phytochemicals are emerging as a potential source of safe and efficient anti-cancer medications. Phytochemicals could disrupt signaling pathways related to malignant cell metastasis and drug resistance by suppressing or reversing the EMT process. In this review, we briefly describe the pathophysiological properties and the molecular mechanisms of EMT in the progression of cancers, then summarize phytochemicals with diverse structures that could block the EMT process in different types of cancer. Hopefully, these will provide some guidance for future research on phytochemicals targeting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dongmei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
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19
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Camargo FDG, Santamaria-Torres M, Cala MP, Guevara-Suarez M, Restrepo SR, Sánchez-Camargo A, Fernández-Niño M, Corujo M, Gallo Molina AC, Cifuentes J, Serna JA, Cruz JC, Muñoz-Camargo C, Gonzalez Barrios AF. Genome-Scale Metabolic Reconstruction, Non-Targeted LC-QTOF-MS Based Metabolomics Data, and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Cannabis sativa Leaf Extracts. Metabolites 2023; 13:788. [PMID: 37512495 PMCID: PMC10385671 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, Colombia has suffered complex social problems related to illicit crops, including forced displacement, violence, and environmental damage, among other consequences for vulnerable populations. Considerable effort has been made in the regulation of illicit crops, predominantly Cannabis sativa, leading to advances such as the legalization of medical cannabis and its derivatives, the improvement of crops, and leaving an open window to the development of scientific knowledge to explore alternative uses. It is estimated that C. sativa can produce approximately 750 specialized secondary metabolites. Some of the most relevant due to their anticancer properties, besides cannabinoids, are monoterpenes, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, essential oils, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. However, despite the increase in scientific research on the subject, it is necessary to study the primary and secondary metabolism of the plant and to identify key pathways that explore its great metabolic potential. For this purpose, a genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of C. sativa is described and contextualized using LC-QTOF-MS metabolic data obtained from the leaf extract from plants grown in the region of Pesca-Boyaca, Colombia under greenhouse conditions at the Clever Leaves facility. A compartmentalized model with 2101 reactions and 1314 metabolites highlights pathways associated with fatty acid biosynthesis, steroids, and amino acids, along with the metabolism of purine, pyrimidine, glucose, starch, and sucrose. Key metabolites were identified through metabolomic data, such as neurine, cannabisativine, cannflavin A, palmitoleic acid, cannabinoids, geranylhydroquinone, and steroids. They were analyzed and integrated into the reconstruction, and their potential applications are discussed. Cytotoxicity assays revealed high anticancer activity against gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), melanoma cells (A375), and lung carcinoma cells (A549), combined with negligible impact against healthy human skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidias D González Camargo
- Group of Product and Process Design, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
- Applied Genomics Research Group Vice-Presidency for Research and Creation, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Mary Santamaria-Torres
- Metabolomics Core Facility-MetCore Vice-Presidency for Research and Creation, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Mónica P Cala
- Metabolomics Core Facility-MetCore Vice-Presidency for Research and Creation, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Marcela Guevara-Suarez
- Applied Genomics Research Group Vice-Presidency for Research and Creation, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Silvia Restrepo Restrepo
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology (LAMFU), Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Andrea Sánchez-Camargo
- Group of Product and Process Design, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Miguel Fernández-Niño
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, 06110 Halle, Germany
| | - María Corujo
- Ecomedics S.A.S., Commercially Known as Clever Leaves, Calle 95 # 11A-94, Bogota 110221, Colombia
| | - Ada Carolina Gallo Molina
- Chemical and Biochemical Processes Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Javier Cifuentes
- Research Group on Nanobiomaterials, Cell Engineering and Bioprinting (GINIB), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Julian A Serna
- Research Group on Nanobiomaterials, Cell Engineering and Bioprinting (GINIB), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan C Cruz
- Research Group on Nanobiomaterials, Cell Engineering and Bioprinting (GINIB), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Research Group on Nanobiomaterials, Cell Engineering and Bioprinting (GINIB), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Andrés F Gonzalez Barrios
- Group of Product and Process Design, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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20
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Piwko AT, Miller BG, Smith JM. Revisiting the manzamine biosynthetic hypothesis. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:964-971. [PMID: 36648485 PMCID: PMC10773000 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00082b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2023The marine environment represents a rich yet challenging source of novel therapeutics. These challenges are best exemplified by the manzamine class of alkaloids, featuring potent bioactivities, difficult procurement, and a biosynthetic pathway that has eluded characterization for over three decades. This review highlights postulated biogenic pathways toward the manzamines, evaluated in terms of current biosynthetic knowledge and metabolic precedent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Piwko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA.
| | - Brian G Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA.
| | - Joel M Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA.
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21
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Casanova LM, Macrae A, de Souza JE, Neves Junior A, Vermelho AB. The Potential of Allelochemicals from Microalgae for Biopesticides. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091896. [PMID: 37176954 PMCID: PMC10181251 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in agricultural productivity are required to meet the demand of a growing world population. Phytopathogens, weeds, and insects are challenges to agricultural production. The toxicity and widespread application of persistent synthetic pesticides poses a major threat to human and ecosystem health. Therefore, sustainable strategies to control pests are essential for agricultural systems to enhance productivity within a green paradigm. Allelochemicals are a less persistent, safer, and friendly alternative to efficient pest management, as they tend to be less toxic to non-target organisms and more easily degradable. Microalgae produce a great variety of allelopathic substances whose biocontrol potential against weeds, insects, and phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria has received much attention. This review provides up-to-date information and a critical perspective on allelochemicals from microalgae and their potential as biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Marques Casanova
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrew Macrae
- Sustainable Biotechnology and Microbial Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Elis de Souza
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Athayde Neves Junior
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alane Beatriz Vermelho
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
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22
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Parusnath M, Naidoo Y, Singh M, Rihan H, Dewir YH. Phytochemical Composition of Combretum molle (R. Br. ex G. Don.) Engl. & Diels Leaf and Stem Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1702. [PMID: 37111925 PMCID: PMC10144686 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The demand for medicinal plants is on a rise due to their affordability, accessibility and relatively non-toxic nature. Combretum molle (Combretaceae) is used in African traditional medicine to treat a number of diseases. This study aimed to screen the phytochemical composition of the hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of C. molle leaves and stems using qualitative phytochemical screening. Additionally, the study aimed to identify the functional phytochemical groups, determine the elemental composition and provide a fluorescence characterization of the powdered leaves and stems by performing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalyses and fluorescence microscopy. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, polyphenols, terpenoids, tannins, coumarins, saponins, phytosterols, gums, mucilage, carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins within all leaf and stem extracts. Lipids and fixed oils were additionally present within the methanol extracts. FTIR demonstrated significant peaks in absorption frequency in the leaf at wavelengths of 3283.18, 2917.81, 1617.72, 1318.83, 1233.97, 1032.32 and 521.38 cm-1, and in the stem at 3318.91, 1619.25, 1317.13, 1032.68, 780.86 and 516.39 cm-1. These corresponded to the functional groups of chemical compounds including alcohols, phenols, primary amines, alkyl halides, alkanes and alkyl aryl ethers, corroborating the presence of the detected phytochemicals within the plant. EDX microanalyses showed the elemental composition of the powdered leaves (68.44% C, 26.72% O, 1.87% Ca, 0.96% Cl, 0.93% Mg, 0.71% K, 0.13% Na, 0.12 % Mn and 0.10% Rb) and stems (54.92% C, 42.86% O, 1.7% Ca, 0.43% Mg and 0.09% Mn). Fluorescence microscopy provided a characteristic evaluation of the plant in its powdered form and revealed distinct colour changes in the material when treated with various reagents and viewed under ultraviolet light. In conclusion, the phytochemical constituents of the leaves and stems of C. molle confirm the suitability of this species for use in traditional medicine. The findings from this study suggest the need to validate the use of C. molle in the development of modern medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myuri Parusnath
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Yougasphree Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Hail Rihan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus PL4 8AA, UK
- Phytome Life Sciences, Launceston PL15 7AB, UK
| | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Haas J, Beck E, Troczka BJ, Hayward A, Hertlein G, Zaworra M, Lueke B, Buer B, Maiwald F, Beck ME, Nebelsiek B, Glaubitz J, Bass C, Nauen R. A conserved hymenopteran-specific family of cytochrome P450s protects bee pollinators from toxic nectar alkaloids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg0885. [PMID: 37043574 PMCID: PMC10096648 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg0885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Many plants produce chemical defense compounds as protection against antagonistic herbivores. However, how beneficial insects such as pollinators deal with the presence of these potentially toxic chemicals in nectar and pollen is poorly understood. Here, we characterize a conserved mechanism of plant secondary metabolite detoxification in the Hymenoptera, an order that contains numerous highly beneficial insects. Using phylogenetic and functional approaches, we show that the CYP336 family of cytochrome P450 enzymes detoxifies alkaloids, a group of potent natural insecticides, in honeybees and other hymenopteran species that diverged over 281 million years. We linked this function to an aspartic acid residue within the main access channel of CYP336 enzymes that is highly conserved within this P450 family. Together, these results provide detailed insights into the evolution of P450s as a key component of detoxification systems in hymenopteran species and reveal the molecular basis of adaptations arising from interactions between plants and beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Haas
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Elena Beck
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej J. Troczka
- College for Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Angela Hayward
- College for Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Gillian Hertlein
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Marion Zaworra
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Bettina Lueke
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Benjamin Buer
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Frank Maiwald
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Michael E. Beck
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Birgit Nebelsiek
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Glaubitz
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Chris Bass
- College for Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
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24
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Wang Y, Bai J, Wen L, Wang W, Zhang L, Liu Z, Liu H. Phytotoxicity of microplastics to the floating plant Spirodela polyrhiza (L.): Plant functional traits and metabolomics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121199. [PMID: 36738884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are gradually becoming sinks for terrestrial microplastics (MPs), posing a potential ecological risk. Although the effects of MPs on plankton and aquatic animals in freshwater ecosystems have been given increasing attention, the toxicity of MPs to the metabolism of aquatic plants remains unclear. Here, the model aquatic plant Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. (S. polyrhiza) was exposed to polyvinyl chloride (PVC; 0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L) MPs, and changes in the plant functional traits and physiological metabolism were monitored. The results showed that the high dose of PVC MPs decreased the adventitious root elongation ratio by 41.68% and leaf multiplication ratio by 61.03% of S. polyrhiza, and resulted in the decrease in anthocyanin and nitrogen contents to 63.45% and 84.21% of the control group, respectively. Moreover, the widely targeted metabolomics analysis results showed 37 differential metabolites in the low-dose treatment and 119 differential metabolites in the high-dose treatment. PVC MPs interfered with organic matter accumulation by affecting carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, and S. polyrhiza resists PVC MP stress by regulating the synthesis and metabolism of secondary metabolites. PVC MPs had concentration-related toxicological effects on plant functional traits, inhibited plant growth and reproduction, affected plant nutrient metabolism, and exhibited profound effects on the nitrogen fate of aquatic plant habitats. Overall, we systematically summarized the metabolic response mechanisms of aquatic plants to PVC MP stress, providing a new perspective for studying the effects of MPs on plant trait function and ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Lixiang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Haizhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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25
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Kulhar N, Rajakumara E. Binding order and apparent binding affinity in the bisubstrate activity of strictosidine synthase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15634-15646. [PMID: 36943789 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2193643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The Rauvolfia serpentina strictosidine synthase (RsSTR) enzyme with a bisubstrate activity is central to monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) biosynthesis pathways, as it stereoselectively condenses the terpenoid and indole metabolites, secologanin and tryptamine, respectively, into strictosidine. Here, cooperativity was aimed to be deciphered by proxy with help of a non-substrate tryptamine analog (decoy compound) to allow a bisubstrate binding without reaction, facilitating an isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)-based analysis of the effect of the presence of one substrate on the binding of the other. Tryptamine and tryptamine analog bound to RsSTR with similar binding affinities (Kd). On the contrary, ITC revealed an exothermic titration of secologanin to RsSTR but could not fully quantify it because of weak binding. Interestingly, secologanin bound to RsSTR with an apparent binding affinity (Kd,app) of 212.1 μM in the presence of the decoy compound, as opposed to a lack of binding to RsSTR alone, strongly suggesting a "tryptamine-first" mode of binding. Conversely, binding of tryptamine analog in the presence of secologanin was enhanced >3-fold. Further, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) analyses revealed the conformational flexibility needed for such cooperativity. Our binding studies complemented with the computational analyses suggested cooperativity in the ordered bisubstrate binding to RsSTR. Therefore, understanding thermodynamics and cooperativity in the binding of substrates or ligands would help to unravel the mechanism of enzyme catalysis and ligand-receptor interactions, and would guide the redesign of enzymes for enhanced properties and the design of inhibitors against enzymes and receptors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kulhar
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Eerappa Rajakumara
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Sangareddy, Telangana, India
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26
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Parks HM, Cinelli MA, Bedewitz MA, Grabar JM, Hurney SM, Walker KD, Jones AD, Barry CS. Redirecting tropane alkaloid metabolism reveals pyrrolidine alkaloid diversity in Atropa belladonna. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1810-1825. [PMID: 36451537 PMCID: PMC10107824 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specialized metabolism is complex, with frequent examples of highly branched biosynthetic pathways, and shared chemical intermediates. As such, many plant-specialized metabolic networks are poorly characterized. The N-methyl Δ1 -pyrrolinium cation is a simple pyrrolidine alkaloid and precursor of pharmacologically important tropane alkaloids. Silencing of pyrrolidine ketide synthase (AbPyKS) in the roots of Atropa belladonna (Deadly Nightshade) reduces tropane alkaloid abundance and causes high N-methyl Δ1 -pyrrolinium cation accumulation. The consequences of this metabolic shift on alkaloid metabolism are unknown. In this study, we utilized discovery metabolomics coupled with AbPyKS silencing to reveal major changes in the root alkaloid metabolome of A. belladonna. We discovered and annotated almost 40 pyrrolidine alkaloids that increase when AbPyKS activity is reduced. Suppression of phenyllactate biosynthesis, combined with metabolic engineering in planta, and chemical synthesis indicates several of these pyrrolidines share a core structure formed through the nonenzymatic Mannich-like decarboxylative condensation of the N-methyl Δ1 -pyrrolinium cation with 2-O-malonylphenyllactate. Decoration of this core scaffold through hydroxylation and glycosylation leads to mono- and dipyrrolidine alkaloid diversity. This study reveals the previously unknown complexity of the A. belladonna root metabolome and creates a foundation for future investigation into the biosynthesis, function, and potential utility of these novel alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Parks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Maris A. Cinelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | | | - Josh M. Grabar
- Department of HorticultureMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Steven M. Hurney
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Kevin D. Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - A. Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Cornelius S. Barry
- Department of HorticultureMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
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27
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Lemos Cruz P, Carqueijeiro I, Koudounas K, Bomzan DP, Stander EA, Abdallah C, Kulagina N, Oudin A, Lanoue A, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Nagegowda DA, Papon N, Besseau S, Clastre M, Courdavault V. Identification of a second 16-hydroxytabersonine-O-methyltransferase suggests an evolutionary relationship between alkaloid and flavonoid metabolisms in Catharanthus roseus. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:607-624. [PMID: 35947213 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus biosynthesizes many important drugs for human health, including the anticancer monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) vinblastine and vincristine. Over the past decades, the continuous increase in pharmaceutical demand has prompted several research groups to characterize MIA biosynthetic pathways for considering future metabolic engineering processes of supply. In line with previous work suggesting that diversification can potentially occur at various steps along the vindoline branch, we were here interested in investigating the involvement of distinct isoforms of tabersonine-16-O-methyltransferase (16OMT) which plays a pivotal role in the MIA biosynthetic pathway. By combining homology searches based on the previously characterized 16OMT1, phylogenetic analyses, functional assays in yeast, and biochemical and in planta characterizations, we identified a second isoform of 16OMT, referred to as 16OMT2. 16OMT2 appears to be a multifunctional enzyme working on both MIA and flavonoid substrates, suggesting that a constrained evolution of the enzyme for accommodating the MIA substrate has probably occurred to favor the apparition of 16OMT2 from an ancestral specific flavonoid-O-methyltransferase. Since 16OMT1 and 16OMT2 displays a high sequence identity and similar kinetic parameters for 16-hydroxytabersonine, we postulate that 16OMT1 may result from a later 16OMT2 gene duplication accompanied by a continuous neofunctionalization leading to an almost complete loss of flavonoid O-methyltransferase activity. Overall, these results participate in increasing our knowledge on the evolutionary processes that have likely led to enzyme co-optation for MIA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Lemos Cruz
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Ines Carqueijeiro
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | | | - Dikki Pedenla Bomzan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Emily Amor Stander
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Cécile Abdallah
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Natalja Kulagina
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | | | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, IRF, SFR, ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France.
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28
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Pal P, Alley JR, Townsend CA. Examining Heterodimerization by Aryl C-N Coupling in Dynemicin Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:304-314. [PMID: 36696117 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Distinct among the enediyne antitumor antibiotics, the dynemicin subgroup is comprised of two discrete halves, an enediyne and an anthraquinone, but each is ultimately derived from the same linear β-hydroxyhexaene precursor. The linkage of these two halves by an aryl C-N bond is examined here using a variety of experimental approaches. We demonstrate that this heterodimerization is specific for anthracenyl iodide as the corresponding bromo- and amino-substituted anthracenes do not support dynemicin biosynthesis. Furthermore, biochemical experiments and chemical model reactions support an SRN1 mechanism for the aryl C-N coupling in which electron transfer occurs to the iodoanthracene, followed by loss of an anthracenyl iodide and partition of the resulting aryl radical between C-N coupling and reduction by hydrogen abstraction. An enzyme pull-down experiment aiming to capture the protein(s) involved in the coupling reaction is described in which two proteins, Orf14 and Orf16, encoded by the dynemicin biosynthetic gene cluster, are specifically isolated. Deletion of orf14 from the genome abolished dynemicin production accompanied by a 3-fold increased accumulation of the iodoanthracene coupling partner, indicating the plausible involvement of this protein in the heterodimerization process. On the other hand, the deletion of orf16 only reduced dynemicin production to 55%, implying a noncatalytic, auxiliary role of the protein. Structural comparisons using AlphaFold imply key similarities between Orf14 and X-ray crystal structures of several proteins from enediyne BGCs believed to bind hydrophobic polyene or enediyne motifs suggest Orf14 templates aryl C-N bond formation during the central heterodimerization in dynemicin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jamie R Alley
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Craig A Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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29
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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats tools for plant metabolic engineering: achievements and perspectives. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 79:102856. [PMID: 36473330 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The plant kingdom represents the biggest source of feedstock, food, and added-value compounds. Engineering plant metabolic pathways to increase the phytochemical production or improve the nutraceutical value of crops is challenging because of the intricate interaction networks that link multiple genes, enzymatic steps, and metabolites, even when pathways are fully elucidated. The development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR-associated (CRISPR-Cas) technologies has helped to overcome limitations in metabolic engineering, providing efficient and versatile tools for multigene editing. CRISPR approaches in plants were shown to have a remarkable efficiency in genome editing of different species to improve agronomic and metabolic traits. Here, we give an overview of the different achievements and perspectives of CRISPR technology in plant metabolic engineering.
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30
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Zhang NN, Jiang ZM, Li SZ, Yang X, Liu EH. Evolving interplay between natural products and gut microbiota. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175557. [PMID: 36716810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests gut microbiota status affects human health, and microbiota imbalance will induce multiple disorders. Natural products are gaining increasing attention for their therapeutical effects and less side effects. The emerging studies support that the activities of many natural products are dependent on gut microbiota, meanwhile gut microbiota is modulated by natural products. In this review, we summarized the interplay between the gut microbiota and host disease, and the emerging molecular mechanisms of the interaction between natural products and gut microbiota. Focusing on gut microbiota metabolite of various natural products, and the effects of natural products on gut microbiota, we summarized the biotransformation pathways of natural products, and discussed the effect of natural products on the composition modulation of gut microbiota, protection of gut mucosal barrier and modulation of the gut microbiota metabolites. Dissecting the interplay between gut microbiota and natural products will help elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng-Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shang-Zhen Li
- Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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31
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Sun Y, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. Plant secondary metabolic responses to global climate change: A meta-analysis in medicinal and aromatic plants. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:477-504. [PMID: 36271675 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in plant-environment interactions and contribute greatly to human health. Global climate changes are expected to dramatically affect plant secondary metabolism, yet a systematic understanding of such influences is still lacking. Here, we employed medicinal and aromatic plants (MAAPs) as model plant taxa and performed a meta-analysis from 360 publications using 1828 paired observations to assess the responses of different SMs levels and the accompanying plant traits to elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2 ), elevated temperature (eT), elevated nitrogen deposition (eN) and decreased precipitation (dP). The overall results showed that phenolic and terpenoid levels generally respond positively to eCO2 but negatively to eN, while the total alkaloid concentration was increased remarkably by eN. By contrast, dP promotes the levels of all SMs, while eT exclusively exerts a positive influence on the levels of phenolic compounds. Further analysis highlighted the dependence of SM responses on different moderators such as plant functional types, climate change levels or exposure durations, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation. Moreover, plant phenolic and terpenoid responses to climate changes could be attributed to the variations of C/N ratio and total soluble sugar levels, while the trade-off supposition contributed to SM responses to climate changes other than eCO2 . Taken together, our results predicted the distinctive SM responses to diverse climate changes in MAAPs and allowed us to define potential moderators responsible for these variations. Further, linking SM responses to C-N metabolism and growth-defence balance provided biological understandings in terms of plant secondary metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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32
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Liu L, Bao GY, Zhang SS, Qin Y, Chen XP, Wang MD, Zhu JP, Yin H, Lin GQ, Feng CG, Zhang F, Guo YL. Analysis of the Amine Submetabolome Using Novel Isotope-Coded Pyrylium Salt Derivatization and LC-MS: Herbs and Cancer Tissues as Cases. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17606-17615. [PMID: 36473140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The amine submetabolome, including amino acids (AAs) and biogenic amines (BAs), is a class of small molecular compounds exhibiting important physiological activities. Here, a new pyrylium salt named 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl isochromenylium tetrafluoroborate ([d0]-DMMIC) with stable isotope-labeled reagents ([d3]-/[d6]-DMMIC) was designed and synthesized for amino compounds. [d0]-/[d3]-/[d6]-DMMIC-derivatized had a charged tag and formed a set of molecular ions with an increase of 3.02 m/z and the characteristic fragment ions of m/z 204.1:207.1:210.1. When DMMIC coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), a systematic methodology evaluation for quantitation proved to have good linearity (R2 between 0.9904 and 0.9998), precision (interday: 2.2-21.9%; intraday: 1.0-19.7%), and accuracy (recovery: 71.8-108.8%) through the test AAs. Finally, the methods based on DMMIC and LC-MS demonstrated the advantaged application by the nontargeted screening of BAs in a common medicinal herb Senecio scandens and an analysis of metabolic differences among the amine submetabolomes between the carcinoma and paracarcinoma tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A total of 20 BA candidates were discovered in S. scandens as well as the finding of 13 amine metabolites might be the highest-potential differential metabolites in ESCC. The results showed the ability of DMMIC coupled with LC-MS to analyze the amine submetabolome in herbs and clinical tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Geng-Yu Bao
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Sheng Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Ping Chen
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Dan Wang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhu
- Guangxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Guo Feng
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Guangxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning 530021, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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33
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Wang YJ, Huang JP, Tian T, Yan Y, Chen Y, Yang J, Chen J, Gu YC, Huang SX. Discovery and Engineering of the Cocaine Biosynthetic Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22000-22007. [PMID: 36376019 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine, the archetypal tropane alkaloid from the plant genus Erythroxylum, has recently been used clinically as a topical anesthesia of the mucous membranes. Despite this, the key biosynthetic step of the requisite tropane skeleton (methylecgonone) from the identified intermediate 4-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-3-oxobutanoic acid (MPOA) has remained, until this point, unknown. Herein, we identify two missing enzymes (EnCYP81AN15 and EnMT4) necessary for the biosynthesis of the tropane skeleton in cocaine by transient expression of the candidate genes in Nicotiana benthamiana. Cytochrome P450 EnCYP81AN15 was observed to selectively mediate the oxidative cyclization of S-MPOA to yield the unstable intermediate ecgonone, which was then methylated to form optically active methylecgonone by methyltransferase EnMT4 in Erythroxylum novogranatense. The establishment of this pathway corrects the long-standing (but incorrect) biosynthetic hypothesis of MPOA methylation first and oxidative cyclization second. Notably, the de novo reconstruction of cocaine was realized in N. benthamiana with the two newly identified genes, as well as four already known ones. This study not only reports a near-complete biosynthetic pathway of cocaine and provides new insights into the metabolic networks of tropane alkaloids (cocaine and hyoscyamine) in plants but also enables the heterologous synthesis of tropane alkaloids in other (micro)organisms, entailing significant implications for pharmaceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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34
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Structural Effects on the Antioxidant Properties of Amino Acid Betaxanthins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112259. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaxanthins are natural products with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we describe the semisynthesis of twenty-one betaxanthins derived from proteinogenic amino acids, including the elusive betaxanthin of l-cysteine and two betaxanthins derived from l-lysine, and rationalize their antioxidant properties in mechanistic terms. The antioxidant capacity and redox potential of these betaxanthins were compared to those of model betaxanthins derived from dopamine, l-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), and pyrrolidine and structure–property relationships were established by using matched molecular pair analysis and a model developed using a genetic algorithm. Either a phenol or indole moiety enhance the antioxidant capacity of betaxanthins, which is overall much higher than that of their amino acid precursors and standard antioxidants, except for the cysteine-betaxanthin. The one-electron oxidation of amino acid betaxanthins produces radicals stabilized in multiple centers, as demonstrated by quantum chemical calculations.
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35
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Phytotherapeutic applications of alkaloids in treating breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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36
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Functional characterization of secologanin synthase-like homologous genes suggests their involvement in the biosynthesis of diverse metabolites in the secoiridoid biosynthetic pathway of Camptotheca acuminata Decne. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2594-2602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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37
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Godbole RC, Pable AA, Singh S, Barvkar VT. Interplay of transcription factors orchestrating the biosynthesis of plant alkaloids. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:250. [PMID: 36051988 PMCID: PMC9424429 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce a range of secondary metabolites primarily as defence molecules. A plant has to invest considerable energy to synthesise alkaloids, and sometimes they are even toxic to themselves. Hence, the biosynthesis of alkaloids is a spatiotemporally regulated process under quantitative feedback regulation which is accomplished by the signal reception, transcriptional/translational regulation, transport, storage and accumulation. The transcription factors (TFs) initiate the biosynthesis of alkaloids after appropriate cues. The present study recapitulates last decade understanding of the role of TFs in alkaloid biosynthesis. The present review discusses TF families, viz. AP2/ERF, bHLH, WRKY, MYB involved in the biosynthesis of various types of alkaloids. It also highlights the role of the jasmonic acid cascade and post-translational modifications of TF proteins. A thorough understanding of TFs will help us to decide a strategy to facilitate successful pathway manipulation and in vitro production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha C. Godbole
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Anupama A. Pable
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Sudhir Singh
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - Vitthal T. Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 India
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38
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Guo L, Yao H, Chen W, Wang X, Ye P, Xu Z, Zhang S, Wu H. Natural products of medicinal plants: biosynthesis and bioengineering in post-genomic era. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac223. [PMID: 36479585 PMCID: PMC9720450 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Globally, medicinal plant natural products (PNPs) are a major source of substances used in traditional and modern medicine. As we human race face the tremendous public health challenge posed by emerging infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance and surging drug prices etc., harnessing the healing power of medicinal plants gifted from mother nature is more urgent than ever in helping us survive future challenge in a sustainable way. PNP research efforts in the pre-genomic era focus on discovering bioactive molecules with pharmaceutical activities, and identifying individual genes responsible for biosynthesis. Critically, systemic biological, multi- and inter-disciplinary approaches integrating and interrogating all accessible data from genomics, metabolomics, structural biology, and chemical informatics are necessary to accelerate the full characterization of biosynthetic and regulatory circuitry for producing PNPs in medicinal plants. In this review, we attempt to provide a brief update on the current research of PNPs in medicinal plants by focusing on how different state-of-the-art biotechnologies facilitate their discovery, the molecular basis of their biosynthesis, as well as synthetic biology. Finally, we humbly provide a foresight of the research trend for understanding the biology of medicinal plants in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Corresponding authors. E-mails: ;
| | | | | | - Xumei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Peng Ye
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory For Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sisheng Zhang
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory For Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Corresponding authors. E-mails: ;
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39
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Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 (Nrf2) in the Recovery of Long COVID-19 Using Natural Antioxidants: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081551. [PMID: 36009268 PMCID: PMC9405009 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with approximately 517 million confirmed cases, with the average number of cases revealing that patients recover immediately without hospitalization. However, several other cases found that patients still experience various symptoms after 3–12 weeks, which is known as a long COVID syndrome. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can activate nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) and unbind the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), causing inhibition of Nrf2, which has an important role in antioxidant response and redox homeostasis. Disrupting the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway enhances Nrf2 activity, and has been identified as a vital approach for the prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, natural antioxidants from various sources have been identified as a promising strategy to prevent oxidative stress, which plays a role in reducing the long COVID-19 symptoms. Oxygen-rich natural antioxidant compounds provide an effective Nrf2 activation effect that interact with the conserved amino acid residues in the Keap1-binding pocket, such as Ser602, Ser363, Ser508, and Ser555. In this review, the benefits of various natural antioxidant compounds that can modulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which is critical in reducing and curing long COVID-19, are highlighted and discussed.
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40
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Smit SJ, Lichman BR. Plant biosynthetic gene clusters in the context of metabolic evolution. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1465-1482. [PMID: 35441651 PMCID: PMC9298681 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00005a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2022Plants produce a wide range of structurally and biosynthetically diverse natural products to interact with their environment. These specialised metabolites typically evolve in limited taxonomic groups presumably in response to specific selective pressures. With the increasing availability of sequencing data, it has become apparent that in many cases the genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes for specialised metabolic pathways are not randomly distributed on the genome. Instead they are physically linked in structures such as arrays, pairs and clusters. The exact function of these clusters is debated. In this review we take a broad view of gene arrangement in plant specialised metabolism, examining types of structures and variation. We discuss the evolution of biosynthetic gene clusters in the wider context of metabolism, populations and epigenetics. Finally, we synthesise our observations to propose a new hypothesis for biosynthetic gene cluster formation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Smit
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Benjamin R Lichman
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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41
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Dearing MD, Weinstein SB. Metabolic Enabling and Detoxification by Mammalian Gut Microbes. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:579-596. [PMID: 35671535 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-111121-085333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The longstanding interactions between mammals and their symbionts enable thousands of mammal species to consume herbivorous diets. The microbial communities in mammals degrade both plant fiber and toxins. Microbial toxin degradation has been repeatedly documented in domestic ruminants, but similar work in wild mammals is more limited due to constraints on sampling and manipulating the microbial communities in these species. In this review, we briefly describe the toxins commonly encountered in mammalian diets, major classes of biotransformation enzymes in microbes and mammals, and the gut chambers that house symbiotic microbes. We next examine evidence for microbial detoxification in domestic ruminants before providing case studies on microbial toxin degradation in both foregut- and hindgut-fermenting wild mammals. We end by discussing species that may be promising for future investigations, and the advantages and limitations of approaches currently available for studying degradation of toxins by mammalian gut microbes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Denise Dearing
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA;
| | - Sara B Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA;
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42
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Mora-Vásquez S, Wells-Abascal GG, Espinosa-Leal C, Cardineau GA, García-Lara S. Application of metabolic engineering to enhance the content of alkaloids in medicinal plants. Metab Eng Commun 2022; 14:e00194. [PMID: 35242556 PMCID: PMC8881666 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of bioactive compounds, many of which have been exploited for cosmetic, nutritional, and medicinal purposes. Through the characterization of metabolic pathways, as well as the mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of secondary metabolites, researchers have been able to increase the production of bioactive compounds in different plant species for research and commercial applications. The intent of the current review is to describe the metabolic engineering methods that have been used to transform in vitro or field-grown medicinal plants over the last decade and to identify the most effective approaches to increase the production of alkaloids. The articles summarized were categorized into six groups: endogenous enzyme overexpression, foreign enzyme overexpression, transcription factor overexpression, gene silencing, genome editing, and co-overexpression. We conclude that, because of the complex and multi-step nature of biosynthetic pathways, the approach that has been most commonly used to increase the biosynthesis of alkaloids, and the most effective in terms of fold increase, is the co-overexpression of two or more rate-limiting enzymes followed by the manipulation of regulatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Mora-Vásquez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Claudia Espinosa-Leal
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Guy A. Cardineau
- Arizona State University, Beus Center for Law and Society, Mail Code 9520, 111 E. Taylor Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-4467, USA
| | - Silverio García-Lara
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Zakaria MM, Stegemann T, Sievert C, Kruse LH, Kaltenegger E, Girreser U, Çiçek SS, Nimtz M, Ober D. Insights into polyamine metabolism: homospermidine is double-oxidized in two discrete steps by a single copper-containing amine oxidase in pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2364-2382. [PMID: 35212762 PMCID: PMC9134089 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are important metabolites in plant development and abiotic and biotic stress responses. Copper-containing amine oxidases (CuAOs) are involved in the regulation of polyamine levels in the cell. CuAOs oxidize primary amines to their respective aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide. In plants, aldehydes are intermediates in various biosynthetic pathways of alkaloids. CuAOs are thought to oxidize polyamines at only one of the primary amino groups, a process frequently resulting in monocyclic structures. These oxidases have been postulated to be involved in pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) biosynthesis. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of homospermidine oxidase (HSO), a CuAO of Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope), involved in PA biosynthesis. Virus-induced gene silencing of HSO in H. indicum leads to significantly reduced PA levels. By in vitro enzyme assays after transient in planta expression, we show that this enzyme prefers Hspd over other amines. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry analyses of the reaction products demonstrate that HSO oxidizes both primary amino groups of homospermidine (Hspd) to form a bicyclic structure, 1-formylpyrrolizidine. Using tracer feeding, we have further revealed that 1-formylpyrrolizidine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of PAs. Our study therefore establishes that HSO, a canonical CuAO, catalyzes the second step of PA biosynthesis and provides evidence for an undescribed and unusual mechanism involving two discrete steps of oxidation that might also be involved in the biosynthesis of complex structures in other alkaloidal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ulrich Girreser
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Serhat S Çiçek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Cellular Proteome Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Directed Accumulation of Nitrogen Metabolites through Processing Endows Wuyi Rock Tea with Singular Qualities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103264. [PMID: 35630739 PMCID: PMC9147623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The execution of specific processing protocols endows Wuyi rock tea with distinctive qualities produced through signature metabolic processes. In this work, tea leaves were collected before and after each of three processing stages for both targeted and untargeted metabolomic analysis. Metabolic profiles of processing stages through each processing stage of rotation, pan-firing and roasting were studied. Overall, 614 metabolites were significantly altered, predominantly through nitrogen- enriching (N) pathways. Roasting led to the enrichment of 342 N metabolites, including 34 lipids, 17 organic acids, 32 alkaloids and 25 amino acids, as well as secondary derivatives beneficial for tea quality. This distinctive shift towards enrichment of N metabolites strongly supports concluding that this directed accumulation of N metabolites is how each of the three processing stages endows Wuyi rock tea with singular quality.
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45
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Wohlgemuth R. Selective Biocatalytic Defunctionalization of Raw Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200402. [PMID: 35388636 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biobased raw materials, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, or lipids contain valuable functional groups with oxygen and nitrogen atoms. An abundance of many functional groups of the same type, such as primary or secondary hydroxy groups in carbohydrates, however, limits the synthetic usefulness if similar reactivities cannot be differentiated. Therefore, selective defunctionalization of highly functionalized biobased starting materials to differentially functionalized compounds can provide a sustainable access to chiral synthons, even in case of products with fewer functional groups. Selective defunctionalization reactions, without affecting other functional groups of the same type, are of fundamental interest for biocatalytic reactions. Controlled biocatalytic defunctionalizations of biobased raw materials are attractive for obtaining valuable platform chemicals and building blocks. The biocatalytic removal of functional groups, an important feature of natural metabolic pathways, can also be utilized in a systemic strategy for sustainable metabolite synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology Łódź, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
- Swiss Coordination Committee Biotechnology (SKB), 8002, Zurich, Switzerland
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46
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Kinner A, Nerke P, Siedentop R, Steinmetz T, Classen T, Rosenthal K, Nett M, Pietruszka J, Lütz S. Recent Advances in Biocatalysis for Drug Synthesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050964. [PMID: 35625702 PMCID: PMC9138302 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysis is constantly providing novel options for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In addition to drug development and manufacturing, biocatalysis also plays a role in drug discovery and can support many active ingredient syntheses at an early stage to build up entire scaffolds in a targeted and preparative manner. Recent progress in recruiting new enzymes by genome mining and screening or adapting their substrate, as well as product scope, by protein engineering has made biocatalysts a competitive tool applied in academic and industrial spheres. This is especially true for the advances in the field of nonribosomal peptide synthesis and enzyme cascades that are expanding the capabilities for the discovery and synthesis of new bioactive compounds via biotransformation. Here we highlight some of the most recent developments to add to the portfolio of biocatalysis with special relevance for the synthesis and late-stage functionalization of APIs, in order to bypass pure chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kinner
- Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (A.K.); (P.N.); (R.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Philipp Nerke
- Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (A.K.); (P.N.); (R.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Regine Siedentop
- Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (A.K.); (P.N.); (R.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Till Steinmetz
- Laboratory for Technical Biology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (T.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Thomas Classen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Biotechnology (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (T.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Katrin Rosenthal
- Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (A.K.); (P.N.); (R.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Markus Nett
- Laboratory for Technical Biology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (T.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Biotechnology (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (T.C.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Located at Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Lütz
- Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (A.K.); (P.N.); (R.S.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-231-755-4764
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Potential Therapeutic Applications of Plant-Derived Alkaloids against Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7299778. [PMID: 35310033 PMCID: PMC8926539 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7299778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids are a type of natural compound possessing different pharmacological activities. Natural products, including alkaloids, which originate from plants, have emerged as potential protective agents against neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) and chronic inflammations. A wide array of prescription drugs are used against these conditions, however, not free of limitations of potency, side effects, and intolerability. In the context of personalized medicine, further research on alkaloids to unravel novel therapeutic approaches in reducing complications is critical. In this review, a systematic survey was executed to collect the literature on alkaloids and their health complications, from which we found that majority of alkaloids exhibit anti-inflammatory action via nuclear factor-κB and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and neuroprotective interaction through acetylcholinesterase (AChE), COX, and β-site amyloid precursor protein activity. In silico ADMET and ProTox-II-related descriptors were calculated to predict the pharmacological properties of 280 alkaloids isolated from traditional medicinal plants towards drug development. Out of which, eight alkaloids such as tetrahydropalmatine, berberine, tetrandrine, aloperine, sinomenine, oxymatrine, harmine, and galantamine are found to be optimal within the categorical range when compared to nicotine. These alkaloids could be exploited as starting materials for novel drug synthesis or, to a lesser extent, manage inflammation and neurodegenerative-related complications.
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Marín-Miret J, González-Serrano F, Rosas T, Baixeras J, Latorre A, Pérez-Cobas AE, Moya A. Temporal variations shape the gut microbiome ecology of the moth Brithys crini. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3939-3953. [PMID: 35243736 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Marín-Miret
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco González-Serrano
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Tania Rosas
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Baixeras
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Latorre
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain.,Genomics and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center Network of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Elena Pérez-Cobas
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain.,Genomics and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center Network of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
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50
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Osorio CE, Till BJ. A Bitter-Sweet Story: Unraveling the Genes Involved in Quinolizidine Alkaloid Synthesis in Lupinus albus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:795091. [PMID: 35154186 PMCID: PMC8826574 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.795091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids are part of a structurally diverse group of over 21,000 cyclic nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites that are found in over 20% of plant species. Lupinus albus are naturally containing quinolizidine alkaloid (QA) legumes, with wild accessions containing up to 11% of QA in seeds. Notwithstanding their clear advantages as a natural protecting system, lupin-breeding programs have selected against QA content without proper understanding of quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthetic pathway. This review summarizes the current status in this field, with focus on the utilization of natural mutations such as the one contained in pauper locus, and more recently the development of molecular markers, which along with the advent of sequencing technology, have facilitated the identification of candidate genes located in the pauper region. New insights for future research are provided, including the utilization of differentially expressed genes located on the pauper locus, as candidates for genome editing. Identification of the main genes involved in the biosynthesis of QA will enable precision breeding of low-alkaloid, high nutrition white lupin. This is important as plant based high quality protein for food and feed is an essential for sustainable agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E. Osorio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bradley J. Till
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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