1
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Altammar KA, Ling JG, Al-Bajalan HM, Chin IS, Mackeen MM, Mahadi NM, Murad AMA, Bakar FDA. Characterization of AnCUT3, a plastic-degrading paucimannose cutinase from Aspergillus niger expressed in Pichia pastoris. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2353-2367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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2
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Perera N, Brun J, Alonzi DS, Tyrrell BE, Miller JL, Zitzmann N. Antiviral effects of deoxynojirimycin (DNJ)-based iminosugars in dengue virus-infected primary dendritic cells. Antiviral Res 2022; 199:105269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Brun J, Vasiljevic S, Gangadharan B, Hensen M, V. Chandran A, Hill ML, Kiappes J, Dwek RA, Alonzi DS, Struwe WB, Zitzmann N. Assessing Antigen Structural Integrity through Glycosylation Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Viral Spike. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:586-593. [PMID: 34056088 PMCID: PMC8029450 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the causative pathogen of the COVID-19 pandemic which as of March 29, 2021, has claimed 2 776 175 lives worldwide. Vaccine development efforts focus on the viral trimeric spike glycoprotein as the main target of the humoral immune response. Viral spikes carry glycans that facilitate immune evasion by shielding specific protein epitopes from antibody neutralization, and antigen efficacy is influenced by spike glycoprotein production in vivo. Therefore, immunogen integrity is important for glycoprotein-based vaccine candidates. Here, we show how site-specific glycosylation differs between virus-derived spikes, wild-type, non-stabilized spikes expressed from a plasmid with a CMV promoter and tPA signal sequence, and commonly used recombinant, engineered spike glycoproteins. Furthermore, we show that their distinctive cellular secretion pathways result in different protein glycosylation and secretion patterns, including shedding of spike monomeric subunits for the non-stabilized wild-type spike tested, which may have implications for the resulting immune response and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Brun
- Oxford
Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Snežana Vasiljevic
- Oxford
Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Bevin Gangadharan
- Oxford
Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Hensen
- Oxford
Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Anu V. Chandran
- Oxford
Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L. Hill
- Oxford
Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - J.L. Kiappes
- Oxford
Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond A. Dwek
- Oxford
Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic S. Alonzi
- Oxford
Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Weston B. Struwe
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Oxford
Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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4
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Evans DeWald L, Starr C, Butters T, Treston A, Warfield KL. Iminosugars: A host-targeted approach to combat Flaviviridae infections. Antiviral Res 2020; 184:104881. [PMID: 32768411 PMCID: PMC7405907 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is the most common form of protein glycosylation and is required for the proper folding, trafficking, and/or receptor binding of some host and viral proteins. As viruses lack their own glycosylation machinery, they are dependent on the host's machinery for these processes. Certain iminosugars are known to interfere with the N-linked glycosylation pathway by targeting and inhibiting α-glucosidases I and II in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Perturbing ER α-glucosidase function can prevent these enzymes from removing terminal glucose residues on N-linked glycans, interrupting the interaction between viral glycoproteins and host chaperone proteins that is necessary for proper folding of the viral protein. Iminosugars have demonstrated broad-spectrum antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo against multiple viruses. This review discusses the broad activity of iminosugars against Flaviviridae. Iminosugars have shown favorable activity against multiple members of the Flaviviridae family in vitro and in murine models of disease, although the activity and mechanism of inhibition can be virus-specfic. While iminosugars are not currently approved for the treatment of viral infections, their potential use as future host-targeted antiviral (HTAV) therapies continues to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloe Starr
- Emergent BioSolutions, Gaithersburg, MD, 20879, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly L. Warfield
- Emergent BioSolutions, Gaithersburg, MD, 20879, USA,Corresponding author. 400 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20879, USA
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5
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Warfield KL, Alonzi DS, Hill JC, Caputo AT, Roversi P, Kiappes JL, Sheets N, Duchars M, Dwek RA, Biggins J, Barnard D, Shresta S, Treston AM, Zitzmann N. Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum α-Glucosidase I with a Single-Dose Iminosugar Treatment Protects against Lethal Influenza and Dengue Virus Infections. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4205-4214. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic S. Alonzi
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, England, U.K
| | - Johan C. Hill
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, England, U.K
| | - Alessandro T. Caputo
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, England, U.K
| | - Pietro Roversi
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, England, U.K
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, England, U.K
| | - J. L. Kiappes
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, England, U.K
| | - Nicholas Sheets
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Matthew Duchars
- Emergent BioSolutions, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20879, United States
| | - Raymond A. Dwek
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, England, U.K
| | - Julia Biggins
- Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Dale Barnard
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Sujan Shresta
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | | | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, England, U.K
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6
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Inhibitory effect of phloroglucinol on α-glucosidase: Kinetics and molecular dynamics simulation integration study. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:771-779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Wang T, Singh Y, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Investigation of Glycosyl Nitrates as Building Blocks for Chemical Glycosylation. European J Org Chem 2018; 2018:6699-6705. [PMID: 31341403 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyl nitrates are important synthetic intermediates in the synthesis of 2-amino sugars, 1,2-orthoesters or, more recently, 2-OH glucose. However, glycosyl nitrates have never been glycosidated. Presented herein is our first attempt to use glycosyl nitrates as glycosyl donors for O-glycosylation. Lanthanide triflates showed good affinity to activate the nitrate leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghua Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
| | - Yashapal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
| | - Keith J Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
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8
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Bythell BJ, Rabus JM, Wagoner AR, Abutokaikah MT, Maître P. Sequence Ion Structures and Dissociation Chemistry of Deprotonated Sucrose Anions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:2380-2393. [PMID: 30284205 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the tandem mass spectrometry of regiospecifically labeled, deprotonated sucrose analytes. We utilize density functional theory calculations to model the pertinent gas-phase fragmentation chemistry of the prevalent glycosidic bond cleavages (B1-Y1 and C1-Z1 reactions) and compare these predictions to infrared spectroscopy experiments on the resulting B1 and C1 product anions. For the C1 anions, barriers to interconversion of the pyranose [α-glucose-H]-, C1 anions to entropically favorable ring-open aldehyde-terminated forms were modest (41 kJ mol-1) consistent with the observation of a band assigned to a carbonyl stretch at ~ 1680-1720 cm-1. For the B1 anions, our transition structure calculations predict the presence of both deprotonated 1,6-anhydroglucose and carbon 2-ketone ((4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)dihydro-2H-pyran-3(4H)-one) anion structures, with the latter predominating. This hypothesis is supported by our spectroscopic data which show diagnostic bands at 1600, 1674, and 1699 cm-1 (deprotonated carbon 2-ketone structures), and at ~ 1541 cm-1 (both types of structure) and RRKM rate calculations. The deprotonated carbon 2-ketone structures are also the lowest energy product B1 anions. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Bythell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.
| | - Jordan M Rabus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Ashley R Wagoner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Maha T Abutokaikah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Philippe Maître
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (UMR8000), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
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9
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Mechanisms of Antiviral Activity of Iminosugars Against Dengue Virus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1062:277-301. [PMID: 29845540 PMCID: PMC7121742 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The antiviral mechanism of action of iminosugars against many enveloped viruses, including dengue virus (DENV), HIV, influenza and hepatitis C virus, is believed to be mediated by inducing misfolding of viral N-linked glycoproteins through inhibition of host endoplasmic reticulum-resident α-glucosidase enzymes. This leads to reduced secretion and/or infectivity of virions and hence lower viral titres, both in vitro and in vivo. Free oligosaccharide analysis from iminosugar-treated cells shows that antiviral activity correlates with production of mono- and tri-glucosylated sugars, indicative of inhibition of ER α-glucosidases. We demonstrate that glucose-mimicking iminosugars inhibit isolated glycoprotein and glycolipid processing enzymes and that this inhibition also occurs in primary cells treated with these drugs. Galactose-mimicking iminosugars that have been tested do not inhibit glycoprotein processing but do inhibit glycolipid processing, and are not antiviral against DENV. By comparison, the antiviral activity of glucose-mimetic iminosugars that inhibit endoplasmic reticulum-resident α-glucosidases, but not glycolipid processing, demonstrates that inhibition of α-glucosidases is responsible for iminosugar antiviral activity against DENV. This monograph will review the investigations of many researchers into the mechanisms of action of iminosugars and the contribution of our current understanding of these mechanisms for optimising clinical delivery of iminosugars. The effects of iminosugars on enzymes other than glucosidases, the induction of ER stress and viral receptors will be also put into context. Data suggest that inhibition of α-glucosidases results in inhibited release of virus and is the primary antiviral mechanism of action of iminosugars against DENV.
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10
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Panza M, Pistorio SG, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Automated Chemical Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Novel Approach to Traditional Challenges. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8105-8150. [PMID: 29953217 PMCID: PMC6522228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate chemistry have certainly made common oligosaccharides much more accessible. However, many current methods still rely heavily upon specialized knowledge of carbohydrate chemistry. The application of automated technologies to chemical and life science applications such as genomics and proteomics represents a vibrant field. These automated technologies also present opportunities for their application to organic synthesis, including that of the synthesis of oligosaccharides. However, application of automated methods to the synthesis of carbohydrates is an underdeveloped area as compared to other classes of biomolecules. The overarching goal of this review article is to present the advances that have been made at the interface of carbohydrate chemistry and automated technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Panza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Salvatore G. Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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11
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Glawar AFG, Martínez RF, Ayers BJ, Hollas MA, Ngo N, Nakagawa S, Kato A, Butters TD, Fleet GWJ, Jenkinson SF. Structural essentials for β-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibition by amides of prolines, pipecolic and azetidine carboxylic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:10371-10385. [PMID: 27735004 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01549b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the computer modelling aided design and synthesis of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibitors along with their applicability to human disease treatment through biological evaluation in both an enzymatic and cellular setting. We investigated the importance of individual stereocenters, variations in structure-activity relationships along with factors influencing cell penetration. To achieve these goals we modified nitrogen heterocycles in terms of ring size, side chains present and ring nitrogen derivatization. By reducing the inhibitor interactions with the active site down to the essentials we were able to determine that besides the established 2S,3R trans-relationship, the presence and stereochemistry of the CH2OH side chain is of crucial importance for activity. In terms of cellular penetration, N-butyl side chains favour cellar uptake, while hydroxy- and carboxy-group bearing sidechains on the ring nitrogen retarded cellular penetration. Furthermore we show an early proof of principle study that β-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibitors can be applicable to use in a potential anti-invasive anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F G Glawar
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK. and Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - R F Martínez
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - B J Ayers
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - M A Hollas
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - N Ngo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - S Nakagawa
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - A Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - T D Butters
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - G W J Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK. and Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - S F Jenkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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12
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Kiappes JL, Hill ML, Alonzi DS, Miller JL, Iwaki R, Sayce AC, Caputo AT, Kato A, Zitzmann N. ToP-DNJ, a Selective Inhibitor of Endoplasmic Reticulum α-Glucosidase II Exhibiting Antiflaviviral Activity. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:60-65. [PMID: 29161006 PMCID: PMC5824344 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Iminosugars
have therapeutic potential against a range of diseases,
due to their efficacy as glycosidase inhibitors. A major challenge
in the development of iminosugar drugs lies in making a compound that
is selective for the glycosidase associated with a given disease.
We report the synthesis of ToP-DNJ, an antiviral iminosugar–tocopherol
conjugate. Tocopherol was incorporated into the design of the iminosugar
in order to direct the drug to the liver and immune cells, specific
tissues of interest for antiviral therapy. ToP-DNJ inhibits ER α-glucosidase
II at low micromolar concentrations and selectively accumulates in
the liver in vivo. In cellular assays, the drug showed
efficacy exclusively in immune cells of the myeloid lineage. Taken
together, these data demonstrate that inclusion of a native metabolite
into an iminosugar provides selectivity with respect to target enzyme,
target cell, and target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Kiappes
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Michelle L. Hill
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Dominic S. Alonzi
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Joanna L. Miller
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Ren Iwaki
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Andrew C. Sayce
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Alessandro T. Caputo
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
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13
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Rabus JM, Simmons DR, Maître P, Bythell BJ. Deprotonated carbohydrate anion fragmentation chemistry: structural evidence from tandem mass spectrometry, infra-red spectroscopy, and theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27897-27909. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02620c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the gas-phase structures and fragmentation chemistry of deprotonated carbohydrate anions using combined tandem mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, regioselective labelling, and theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M. Rabus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Missouri-St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - Daniel R. Simmons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Missouri-St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - Philippe Maître
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (UMR8000)
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Orsay
| | - Benjamin J. Bythell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Missouri-St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
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14
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Abstract
Carbohydrate oligomers remain challenging targets for chemists due to the requirement for elaborate protecting and leaving group manipulations, functionalization, tedious purification, and sophisticated characterization. Achieving high stereocontrol in glycosylation reactions is arguably the major hurdle that chemists experience. This review article overviews methods for intramolecular glycosylation reactions wherein the facial stereoselectivity is achieved by tethering of the glycosyl donor and acceptor counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao G Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., 434 Benton Hall (MC27), St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., 434 Benton Hall (MC27), St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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15
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Jia XG, Demchenko AV. Intramolecular glycosylation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2028-2048. [PMID: 29062425 PMCID: PMC5629421 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate oligomers remain challenging targets for chemists due to the requirement for elaborate protecting and leaving group manipulations, functionalization, tedious purification, and sophisticated characterization. Achieving high stereocontrol in glycosylation reactions is arguably the major hurdle that chemists experience. This review article overviews methods for intramolecular glycosylation reactions wherein the facial stereoselectivity is achieved by tethering of the glycosyl donor and acceptor counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao G Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., 434 Benton Hall (MC27), St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., 434 Benton Hall (MC27), St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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16
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Tyrrell BE, Sayce AC, Warfield KL, Miller JL, Zitzmann N. Iminosugars: Promising therapeutics for influenza infection. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 43:521-545. [PMID: 27931136 PMCID: PMC5470110 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1242868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus causes three to five million severe respiratory infections per year in seasonal epidemics, and sporadic pandemics, three of which occurred in the twentieth century and are a continuing global threat. Currently licensed antivirals exclusively target the viral neuraminidase or M2 ion channel, and emerging drug resistance necessitates the development of novel therapeutics. It is believed that a host-targeted strategy may combat the development of antiviral drug resistance. To this end, a class of molecules known as iminosugars, hydroxylated carbohydrate mimics with the endocyclic oxygen atom replaced by a nitrogen atom, are being investigated for their broad-spectrum antiviral potential. The influenza virus glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, are susceptible to inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases by certain iminosugars, leading to reduced virion production or infectivity, demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies. In some experiments, viral strain-specific effects are observed. Iminosugars may also inhibit other host and virus targets with antiviral consequences. While investigations of anti-influenza iminosugar activities have been conducted since the 1980s, recent successes of nojirimycin derivatives have re-invigorated investigation of the therapeutic potential of iminosugars as orally available, low cytotoxicity, effective anti-influenza drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Ellen Tyrrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford Medical Sciences DivisionOxfordUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Andrew Cameron Sayce
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford Medical Sciences DivisionOxfordUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Kelly Lyn Warfield
- Antiviral Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions IncGaithersburgMDUnited States
| | - Joanna Louise Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford Medical Sciences DivisionOxfordUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford Medical Sciences DivisionOxfordUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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17
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Iminosugar antivirals: the therapeutic sweet spot. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:571-582. [PMID: 28408497 PMCID: PMC5390498 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many viruses require the host endoplasmic reticulum protein-folding machinery in order to correctly fold one or more of their glycoproteins. Iminosugars with glucose stereochemistry target the glucosidases which are key for entry into the glycoprotein folding cycle. Viral glycoproteins are thus prevented from interacting with the protein-folding machinery leading to misfolding and an antiviral effect against a wide range of different viral families. As iminosugars target host enzymes, they should be refractory to mutations in the virus. Iminosugars therefore have great potential for development as broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics. We outline the mechanism giving rise to the antiviral activity of iminosugars, the current progress in the development of iminosugar antivirals and future prospects for this field.
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SVIP regulates Z variant alpha-1 antitrypsin retro-translocation by inhibiting ubiquitin ligase gp78. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172983. [PMID: 28301499 PMCID: PMC5354272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an inherited disorder characterized by early-onset emphysema and liver disease. The most common disease-causing mutation is a single amino acid substitution (Glu/Lys) at amino acid 342 of the mature protein, resulting in disruption of the 290–342 salt bridge (an electrophoretic abnormality defining the mutation [Z allele, or ZAAT]), protein misfolding, polymerization, and accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes and monocytes. The Z allele causes a toxic gain of function, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase gp78 promotes degradation and increased solubility of endogenous ZAAT. We hypothesized that the accumulation of ZAAT is influenced by modulation of gp78 E3 ligase and SVIP (small VCP-interacting protein) interaction with p97/VCP in ZAAT-expressing hepatocytes. We showed that the SVIP inhibitory effect on ERAD due to overexpression causes the accumulation of ZAAT in a human Z hepatocyte–like cell line (AT01). Overexpression of gp78, as well as SVIP suppression, induces gp78-VCP/p97 interaction in AT01 cells. This interaction leads to retro-translocation of ZAAT and reduction of the SVIP inhibitory role in ERAD. In this context, overexpression of gp78 or SVIP suppression may eliminate the toxic gain of function associated with polymerization of ZAAT, thus providing a potential new therapeutic approach to the treatment of AATD.
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19
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Warfield KL, Warren TK, Qiu X, Wells J, Mire CE, Geisbert JB, Stuthman KS, Garza NL, Van Tongeren SA, Shurtleff AC, Agans KN, Wong G, Callahan MV, Geisbert TW, Klose B, Ramstedt U, Treston AM. Assessment of the potential for host-targeted iminosugars UV-4 and UV-5 activity against filovirus infections in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res 2016; 138:22-31. [PMID: 27908828 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Iminosugars are host-directed antivirals with broad-spectrum activity. The iminosugar, N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ or Miglustat®), is used in humans for treatment of Gaucher's disease and has mild antiviral properties. More potent analogs of NB-DNJ have been generated and have demonstrated activity against a variety of viruses including flaviviruses, influenza, herpesviruses and filoviruses. In the current study, a panel of analogs based on NB-DNJ was analyzed for activity against Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg viruses (MARV). The antiviral activity of NB-DNJ (UV-1), UV-2, UV-3, UV-4 and UV-5 against both EBOV and MARV was demonstrated in Vero cells. Subsequent studies to examine the activity of UV-4 and UV-5 using rodent models of EBOV and MARV were performed. In vivo efficacy studies provided inconsistent data following treatment with iminosugars using filovirus mouse models. A tolerability study in nonhuman primates demonstrated that UV-4 could be administered at much higher dose levels than rodents. Since UV-4 was active in vitro, had been demonstrated to be active against influenza and dengue in vivo, and was being tested in a Phase 1 clinical trial, a small proof-of-concept nonhuman primate trial was performed to determine whether this antiviral candidate could provide clinical benefit to EBOV-infected individuals. Administration of UV-4B did not provide a clinical or survival benefit to macaques infected with EBOV-Makona; however, dosing of animals was not optimal in this study. Efficacy may be improved by thrice daily dosing (e.g. by nasogastric tube feeding) to match the efficacious dosing regimens demonstrated against dengue and influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Travis K Warren
- United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada.
| | - Jay Wells
- United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Chad E Mire
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
| | - Joan B Geisbert
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
| | - Kelly S Stuthman
- United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Nicole L Garza
- United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Sean A Van Tongeren
- United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Amy C Shurtleff
- United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Krystle N Agans
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
| | - Gary Wong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Michael V Callahan
- Unither Virology LLC, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
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20
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Miller JL, Spiro SG, Dowall SD, Taylor I, Rule A, Alonzi DS, Sayce AC, Wright E, Bentley EM, Thom R, Hall G, Dwek RA, Hewson R, Zitzmann N. Minimal In Vivo Efficacy of Iminosugars in a Lethal Ebola Virus Guinea Pig Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167018. [PMID: 27880800 PMCID: PMC5120828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral properties of iminosugars have been reported previously in vitro and in small animal models against Ebola virus (EBOV); however, their effects have not been tested in larger animal models such as guinea pigs. We tested the iminosugars N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) and N-(9-methoxynonyl)-1deoxynojirimycin (MON-DNJ) for safety in uninfected animals, and for antiviral efficacy in animals infected with a lethal dose of guinea pig adapted EBOV. 1850 mg/kg/day NB-DNJ and 120 mg/kg/day MON-DNJ administered intravenously, three times daily, caused no adverse effects and were well tolerated. A pilot study treating infected animals three times within an 8 hour period was promising with 1 of 4 infected NB-DNJ treated animals surviving and the remaining three showing improved clinical signs. MON-DNJ showed no protective effects when EBOV-infected guinea pigs were treated. On histopathological examination, animals treated with NB-DNJ had reduced lesion severity in liver and spleen. However, a second study, in which NB-DNJ was administered at equally-spaced 8 hour intervals, could not confirm drug-associated benefits. Neither was any antiviral effect of iminosugars detected in an EBOV glycoprotein pseudotyped virus assay. Overall, this study provides evidence that NB-DNJ and MON-DNJ do not protect guinea pigs from a lethal EBOV-infection at the dose levels and regimens tested. However, the one surviving animal and signs of improvements in three animals of the NB-DNJ treated cohort could indicate that NB-DNJ at these levels may have a marginal beneficial effect. Future work could be focused on the development of more potent iminosugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L. Miller
- Antiviral Research Unit, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (NZ); (JLM)
| | - Simon G. Spiro
- Antiviral Research Unit, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Irene Taylor
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Rule
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic S. Alonzi
- Antiviral Research Unit, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C. Sayce
- Antiviral Research Unit, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Wright
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma M. Bentley
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Thom
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Hall
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond A. Dwek
- Antiviral Research Unit, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Antiviral Research Unit, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (NZ); (JLM)
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21
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Yoshida Y, Furukawa JI, Naito S, Higashino K, Numata Y, Shinohara Y. Quantitative analysis of total serum glycome in human and mouse. Proteomics 2016; 16:2747-2758. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Yoshida
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery; Shionogi & Co., Ltd; Sapporo Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics; Graduate School of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Orthopaedic Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Shoichi Naito
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery; Shionogi & Co., Ltd; Sapporo Japan
| | - Kenichi Higashino
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery; Shionogi & Co., Ltd; Sapporo Japan
| | - Yoshito Numata
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery; Shionogi & Co., Ltd; Sapporo Japan
| | - Yasuro Shinohara
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics; Graduate School of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
- Department of Pharmacy; Kinjo Gakuin University; Nagoya Japan
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22
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Sayce AC, Alonzi DS, Killingbeck SS, Tyrrell BE, Hill ML, Caputo AT, Iwaki R, Kinami K, Ide D, Kiappes JL, Beatty PR, Kato A, Harris E, Dwek RA, Miller JL, Zitzmann N. Iminosugars Inhibit Dengue Virus Production via Inhibition of ER Alpha-Glucosidases--Not Glycolipid Processing Enzymes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004524. [PMID: 26974655 PMCID: PMC4790851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been thought that iminosugar antiviral activity is a function of inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident α-glucosidases, and on this basis, many iminosugars have been investigated as therapeutic agents for treatment of infection by a diverse spectrum of viruses, including dengue virus (DENV). However, iminosugars are glycomimetics possessing a nitrogen atom in place of the endocyclic oxygen atom, and the ubiquity of glycans in host metabolism suggests that multiple pathways can be targeted via iminosugar treatment. Successful treatment of patients with glycolipid processing defects using iminosugars highlights the clinical exploitation of iminosugar inhibition of enzymes other than ER α-glucosidases. Evidence correlating antiviral activity with successful inhibition of ER glucosidases together with the exclusion of alternative mechanisms of action of iminosugars in the context of DENV infection is limited. Celgosivir, a bicyclic iminosugar evaluated in phase Ib clinical trials as a therapeutic for the treatment of DENV infection, was confirmed to be antiviral in a lethal mouse model of antibody-enhanced DENV infection. In this study we provide the first evidence of the antiviral activity of celgosivir in primary human macrophages in vitro, in which it inhibits DENV secretion with an EC50 of 5 μM. We further demonstrate that monocyclic glucose-mimicking iminosugars inhibit isolated glycoprotein and glycolipid processing enzymes and that this inhibition also occurs in primary cells treated with these drugs. By comparison to bicyclic glucose-mimicking iminosugars which inhibit glycoprotein processing but do not inhibit glycolipid processing and galactose-mimicking iminosugars which do not inhibit glycoprotein processing but do inhibit glycolipid processing, we demonstrate that inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident α-glucosidases, not glycolipid processing, is responsible for iminosugar antiviral activity against DENV. Our data suggest that inhibition of ER α-glucosidases prevents release of virus and is the primary antiviral mechanism of action of iminosugars against DENV. Current treatment of dengue virus infection is supportive; however, iminosugars have been widely investigated as an antiviral strategy. The means by which these molecules are thought to exert their antiviral effects is through inhibition of host-resident glycoprotein processing enzymes, the endoplasmic reticulum-resident α-glucosidases, but many iminosugars are also capable of inhibiting host glycolipid processing and are utilized clinically for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders such as Gaucher’s and Niemann-Pick type C diseases. The work presented here is the first to conclusively differentiate the antiviral properties of these two major mechanisms of action of iminosugars, and our data support the long-standing hypothesis that inhibition of glycoprotein processing is the essential antiviral property of iminosugars in the case of dengue virus infection. These results indicate that further development of iminosugars as dengue antivirals should focus on optimization of glycoprotein inhibition efficacy with reduction or elimination of glycolipid modulating properties to minimize off-target effects. These results are supported by the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the bicyclic iminosugar, celgosivir, which we demonstrate to lack capacity for inhibition of glycosphingolipid processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Sayce
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic S. Alonzi
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah S. Killingbeck
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Beatrice E. Tyrrell
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L. Hill
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro T. Caputo
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ren Iwaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kinami
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ide
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - J. L. Kiappes
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P. Robert Beatty
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Raymond A. Dwek
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna L. Miller
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JLM); (NZ)
| | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JLM); (NZ)
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23
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Warfield KL, Plummer EM, Sayce AC, Alonzi DS, Tang W, Tyrrell BE, Hill ML, Caputo AT, Killingbeck SS, Beatty PR, Harris E, Iwaki R, Kinami K, Ide D, Kiappes JL, Kato A, Buck MD, King K, Eddy W, Khaliq M, Sampath A, Treston AM, Dwek RA, Enterlein SG, Miller JL, Zitzmann N, Ramstedt U, Shresta S. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum glucosidases is required for in vitro and in vivo dengue antiviral activity by the iminosugar UV-4. Antiviral Res 2016; 129:93-98. [PMID: 26946111 PMCID: PMC5064435 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral activity of UV-4 was previously demonstrated against dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) in multiple mouse models. Herein, step-wise minimal effective dose and therapeutic window of efficacy studies of UV-4B (UV-4 hydrochloride salt) were conducted in an antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) mouse model of severe DENV2 infection in AG129 mice lacking types I and II interferon receptors. Significant survival benefit was demonstrated with 10–20 mg/kg of UV-4B administered thrice daily (TID) for seven days with initiation of treatment up to 48 h after infection. UV-4B also reduced infectious virus production in in vitro antiviral activity assays against all four DENV serotypes, including clinical isolates. A set of purified enzyme, in vitro, and in vivo studies demonstrated that inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) α-glucosidases and not the glycosphingolipid pathway appears to be responsible for the antiviral activity of UV-4B against DENV. Along with a comprehensive safety package, these and previously published data provided support for an Investigational New Drug (IND) filing and Phases 1 and 2 clinical trials for UV-4B with an indication of acute dengue disease. The iminosugar UV-4B has in vitro activity against all 4 dengue virus serotypes. Inhibition of ER α-glucosidases is responsible for UV-4B activity against dengue. In vivo efficacy studies inform clinical trial design for UV-4B treatment of dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M Plummer
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Andrew C Sayce
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Dominic S Alonzi
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - William Tang
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Beatrice E Tyrrell
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Michelle L Hill
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Alessandro T Caputo
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah S Killingbeck
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - P Robert Beatty
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Ren Iwaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Kinami
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ide
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - J L Kiappes
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Michael D Buck
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Kevin King
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - William Eddy
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Raymond A Dwek
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Joanna L Miller
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Sujan Shresta
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Niang B, Jin L, Chen X, Guo X, Zhang H, Wu Q, Padhiar AA, Xiao M, Fang D, Zhang J. GalNAc-T4 putatively modulates the estrogen regulatory network through FOXA1 glycosylation in human breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 411:393-402. [PMID: 26541755 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
GALNT4 belongs to a family of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, which catalyze the transfer of GalNAc to Serine or Threonine residues in the initial step of mucin-type O-linked protein glycosylation. This glycosylation type is the most complex post-translational modification of proteins, playing important roles during cellular differentiation and in pathological disorders. Most of the breast cancer subtypes are estrogen receptor positive, and hence, the estrogen pathway represents a key regulatory network. We investigated the expression of GalNAc-T4 in a panel of mammary epithelial cell lines and found its expression is associated with the estrogen status of the cells. FOXA1, a key transcription factor, functions to promote estrogen responsive gene expression by acting as a cofactor to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), but all the aspects of this regulatory mechanism are not fully explored. This study found that knockdown of GALNT4 expression in human breast cancer cells attenuated the protein expression of ERα, FOXA1, and Cyclin D1. Further, our immunoprecipitation assays depicted the possibility of FOXA1 to undergo O-GalNAc modifications with a decrease of GalNAc residues in the GALNT4 knockdown cells and also impairment in the FOXA1-ERα association. Rescuing GALNT4 expression could restore the interaction as well as the glycosylation of FOXA1. Together, these findings suggest a key role for GalNAc-T4 in the estrogen pathway through FOXA1 glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachir Niang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lvshun Road Western Section, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Liyuan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lvshun Road Western Section, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lvshun Road Western Section, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaohan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lvshun Road Western Section, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hongshuo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lvshun Road Western Section, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Arshad Ahmed Padhiar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lvshun Road Western Section, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lvshun Road Western Section, Dalian, 116044, China.
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
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25
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Warfield KL, Plummer E, Alonzi DS, Wolfe GW, Sampath A, Nguyen T, Butters TD, Enterlein SG, Stavale EJ, Shresta S, Ramstedt U. A Novel Iminosugar UV-12 with Activity against the Diverse Viruses Influenza and Dengue (Novel Iminosugar Antiviral for Influenza and Dengue). Viruses 2015; 7:2404-27. [PMID: 25984714 PMCID: PMC4452912 DOI: 10.3390/v7052404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Iminosugars are capable of targeting the life cycles of multiple viruses by blocking host endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidase enzymes that are required for competent replication of a variety of enveloped, glycosylated viruses. Iminosugars as a class are approved for use in humans with diseases such as diabetes and Gaucher’s disease, providing evidence for safety of this class of compounds. The in vitro antiviral activity of iminosugars has been described in several publications with a subset of these demonstrating in vivo activity against flaviviruses, herpesviruses, retroviruses and filoviruses. Although there is compelling non-clinical in vivo evidence of antiviral efficacy, the efficacy of iminosugars as antivirals has yet to be demonstrated in humans. In the current study, we report a novel iminosugar, UV-12, which has efficacy against dengue and influenza in mouse models. UV-12 exhibits drug-like properties including oral bioavailability and good safety profile in mice and guinea pigs. UV-12 is an example of an iminosugar with activity against multiple virus families that should be investigated in further safety and efficacy studies and demonstrates potential value of this drug class as antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Plummer
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Tam Nguyen
- Tam Nguyen LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA.
| | | | | | - Eric J Stavale
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Sujan Shresta
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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26
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Ersek A, Xu K, Antonopoulos A, Butters TD, Santo AE, Vattakuzhi Y, Williams LM, Goudevenou K, Danks L, Freidin A, Spanoudakis E, Parry S, Papaioannou M, Hatjiharissi E, Chaidos A, Alonzi DS, Twigg G, Hu M, Dwek RA, Haslam SM, Roberts I, Dell A, Rahemtulla A, Horwood NJ, Karadimitris A. Glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibition limits osteoclast activation and myeloma bone disease. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2279-92. [PMID: 25915583 DOI: 10.1172/jci59987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are essential constituents of cell membranes and lipid rafts and can modulate signal transduction events. The contribution of GSLs in osteoclast (OC) activation and osteolytic bone diseases in malignancies such as the plasma cell dyscrasia multiple myeloma (MM) is not known. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pathological activation of OCs in MM requires de novo GSL synthesis and is further enhanced by myeloma cell-derived GSLs. Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitors, including the clinically approved agent N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), prevented OC development and activation by disrupting RANKL-induced localization of TRAF6 and c-SRC into lipid rafts and preventing nuclear accumulation of transcriptional activator NFATc1. GM3 was the prevailing GSL produced by patient-derived myeloma cells and MM cell lines, and exogenous addition of GM3 synergistically enhanced the ability of the pro-osteoclastogenic factors RANKL and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) to induce osteoclastogenesis in precursors. In WT mice, administration of GM3 increased OC numbers and activity, an effect that was reversed by treatment with NB-DNJ. In a murine MM model, treatment with NB-DNJ markedly improved osteolytic bone disease symptoms. Together, these data demonstrate that both tumor-derived and de novo synthesized GSLs influence osteoclastogenesis and suggest that NB-DNJ may reduce pathological OC activation and bone destruction associated with MM.
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27
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Li X, Lü ZR, Shen D, Zhan Y, Yang JM, Park YD, Zhou HM, Sheng Q, Lee J. The inhibitory role of Co2+ on α-glucosidase: Inhibition kinetics and molecular dynamics simulation integration study. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Amiri M, Naim HY. Long term differential consequences of miglustat therapy on intestinal disaccharidases. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:929-37. [PMID: 24863482 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Miglustat is an oral medication for treatment of lysosomal storage diseases such as Gaucher disease type I and Niemann Pick disease type C. In many cases application of Miglustat is associated with symptoms similar to those observed in intestinal carbohydrate malabsorption. Previously, we have demonstrated that intestinal disaccharidases are inhibited immediately by Miglustat in the intestinal lumen. Nevertheless, the multiple functions of Miglustat hypothesize long term effects of Miglustat on intracellular mechanisms, including glycosylation, maturation and trafficking of the intestinal disaccharidases. Our data show that a major long term effect of Miglustat is its interference with N-glycosylation of the proteins in the ER leading to a delay in the trafficking of sucrase-isomaltase. Also association with lipid rafts and plausibly apical targeting of this protein is partly affected in the presence of Miglustat. More drastic is the effect of Miglustat on lactase-phlorizin hydrolase which is partially blocked intracellularly. The de novo synthesized SI and LPH in the presence of Miglustat show reduced functional efficiencies according to altered posttranslational processing of these proteins. However, at physiological concentrations of Miglustat (≤50 μM) a major part of the activity of these disaccharidases is found to be still preserved, which puts the charge of the observed carbohydrate maldigestion mostly on the direct inhibition of disaccharidases in the intestinal lumen by Miglustat as the immediate side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Amiri
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559, Hannover, Germany
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29
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Aguilar AL, Escribano J, Wentworth P, Butters TD. Synthetic 1-Deoxynojirimycin N-Substituted Peptides Offer Prolonged Disruption to N-Linked Glycan Processing. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2809-13. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ashiru O, Howe JD, Butters TD. Nitazoxanide, an antiviral thiazolide, depletes ATP-sensitive intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Virology 2014; 462-463:135-48. [PMID: 24971706 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitazoxanide (NTZ) inhibits influenza, Japanese encephalitis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus replication but effects on the replication of other members of the Flaviviridae family has yet to be defined. The pestivirus bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a surrogate model for HCV infection and NTZ induced PKR and eIF2α phosphorylation in both uninfected and BVDV-infected cells. This led to the observation that NTZ depletes ATP-sensitive intracellular Ca(2+) stores. In addition to PKR and eIF2α phosphorylation, consequences of NTZ-mediated Ca(2+) mobilisation included induction of chronic sub-lethal ER stress as well as perturbation of viral protein N-linked glycosylation and trafficking. To adapt to NTZ-mediated ER stress, NTZ treated cells upregulated translation of Ca(2+)-binding proteins, including the ER chaperone Bip and the cytosolic pro-survival and anti-viral protein TCTP. Depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores is the primary consequence of NTZ treatment and is likely to underpin all antiviral mechanisms attributed to the thiazolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omodele Ashiru
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Jonathon D Howe
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Terry D Butters
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QU, UK.
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31
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McDonald G, Deepak S, Miguel L, Hall CJ, Isenberg DA, Magee AI, Butters T, Jury EC. Normalizing glycosphingolipids restores function in CD4+ T cells from lupus patients. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:712-24. [PMID: 24463447 DOI: 10.1172/jci69571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with the autoimmune rheumatic disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have multiple defects in lymphocyte signaling and function that contribute to disease pathogenesis. Such defects could be attributed to alterations in metabolic processes, including abnormal control of lipid biosynthesis pathways. Here, we reveal that CD4+ T cells from SLE patients displayed an altered profile of lipid raft-associated glycosphingolipids (GSLs) compared with that of healthy controls. In particular, lactosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), and monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) levels were markedly increased. Elevated GSLs in SLE patients were associated with increased expression of liver X receptor β (LXRβ), a nuclear receptor that controls cellular lipid metabolism and trafficking and influences acquired immune responses. Stimulation of CD4+ T cells isolated from healthy donors with synthetic and endogenous LXR agonists promoted GSL expression, which was blocked by an LXR antagonist. Increased GSL expression in CD4+ T cells was associated with intracellular accumulation and accelerated trafficking of GSL, reminiscent of cells from patients with glycolipid storage diseases. Inhibition of GSL biosynthesis in vitro with a clinically approved inhibitor (N-butyldeoxynojirimycin) normalized GSL metabolism, corrected CD4+ T cell signaling and functional defects, and decreased anti-dsDNA antibody production by autologous B cells in SLE patients. Our data demonstrate that lipid metabolism defects contribute to SLE pathogenesis and suggest that targeting GSL biosynthesis restores T cell function in SLE.
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32
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Désiré J, Mondon M, Fontelle N, Nakagawa S, Hirokami Y, Adachi I, Iwaki R, Fleet GWJ, Alonzi DS, Twigg G, Butters TD, Bertrand J, Cendret V, Becq F, Norez C, Marrot J, Kato A, Blériot Y. N- and C-alkylation of seven-membered iminosugars generates potent glucocerebrosidase inhibitors and F508del-CFTR correctors. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8977-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00325j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of a library of novel seven-membered iminosugars is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Désiré
- UMR-CNRS7285
- IC2MP
- Equipe “Synthèse Organique”
- Groupe “Glycochimie”
- Université de Poitiers
| | - M. Mondon
- UMR-CNRS7285
- IC2MP
- Equipe “Synthèse Organique”
- Groupe “Glycochimie”
- Université de Poitiers
| | - N. Fontelle
- UMR-CNRS7285
- IC2MP
- Equipe “Synthèse Organique”
- Groupe “Glycochimie”
- Université de Poitiers
| | - S. Nakagawa
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Y. Hirokami
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - I. Adachi
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - R. Iwaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - G. W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford University
- Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - D. S. Alonzi
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - G. Twigg
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - T. D. Butters
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - J. Bertrand
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires
- Université de Poitiers
- FRE 3511 CNRS
- 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - V. Cendret
- UMR-CNRS7285
- IC2MP
- Equipe “Synthèse Organique”
- Groupe “Glycochimie”
- Université de Poitiers
| | - F. Becq
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires
- Université de Poitiers
- FRE 3511 CNRS
- 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - C. Norez
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires
- Université de Poitiers
- FRE 3511 CNRS
- 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - J. Marrot
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
- UMR CNRS 8180
- 78035 Versailles cedex, France
| | - A. Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Y. Blériot
- UMR-CNRS7285
- IC2MP
- Equipe “Synthèse Organique”
- Groupe “Glycochimie”
- Université de Poitiers
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33
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Compain P, Decroocq C, Joosten A, de Sousa J, Rodríguez-Lucena D, Butters TD, Bertrand J, Clément R, Boinot C, Becq F, Norez C. Rescue of functional CFTR channels in cystic fibrosis: a dramatic multivalent effect using iminosugar cluster-based correctors. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2050-8. [PMID: 24038832 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the gene for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. N-butyl 1-deoxynojirimycin (N-Bu DNJ), a clinical candidate for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, is able to act as a CFTR corrector by overcoming the processing defect of the mutant protein. To explore the potential of multivalency on CFTR correction activity, a library of twelve DNJ click clusters with valencies ranging from 3 to 14 were synthesized. Significantly, the trivalent analogues were found to be up to 225-fold more potent than N-Bu DNJ and up to 1000-fold more potent than the corresponding monovalent models. These results provide the first description of a multivalent effect for correcting protein folding defects in cells and should have application for the treatment of a number of protein folding disorders. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that CFTR correction activity enhancement was not due to a multivalent effect in ER-glucosidase inhibition or to a different mode of action of the multivalent iminosugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Compain
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg (France); Institut Universitaire de France, 103 Bd Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris (France).
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34
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Alonzi DS, Kukushkin NV, Allman SA, Hakki Z, Williams SJ, Pierce L, Dwek RA, Butters TD. Glycoprotein misfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum: identification of released oligosaccharides reveals a second ER-associated degradation pathway for Golgi-retrieved proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2799-814. [PMID: 23503623 PMCID: PMC11113499 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) is a key cellular process whereby misfolded proteins are removed from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for subsequent degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome system. In the present work, analysis of the released, free oligosaccharides (FOS) derived from all glycoproteins undergoing ERAD, has allowed a global estimation of the mechanisms of this pathway rather than following model proteins through degradative routes. Examining the FOS produced in endomannosidase-compromised cells following α-glucosidase inhibition has revealed a mechanism for clearing Golgi-retrieved glycoproteins that have failed to enter the ER quality control cycle. The Glc3Man7GlcNAc2 FOS species has been shown to be produced in the ER lumen by a mechanism involving a peptide: N-glycanase-like activity, and its production was sensitive to disruption of Golgi-ER trafficking. The detection of this oligosaccharide was unaffected by the overexpression of EDEM1 or cytosolic mannosidase, both of which increased the production of previously characterised cytosolically localised FOS. The lumenal FOS identified are therefore distinct in their production and regulation compared to FOS produced by the conventional route of misfolded glycoproteins directly removed from the ER. The production of such lumenal FOS is indicative of a novel degradative route for cellular glycoproteins that may exist under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic S. Alonzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
| | - Nikolay V. Kukushkin
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
| | - Sarah A. Allman
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
| | - Zalihe Hakki
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Spencer J. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Lorna Pierce
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
| | - Raymond A. Dwek
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
| | - Terry D. Butters
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
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35
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Harvey DJ, Scarff CA, Edgeworth M, Crispin M, Scanlan CN, Sobott F, Allman S, Baruah K, Pritchard L, Scrivens JH. Travelling wave ion mobility and negative ion fragmentation for the structural determination ofN-linked glycans. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2368-78. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew Edgeworth
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Warwick; Coventry; UK
| | - Max Crispin
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute; University of Oxford; Oxford; UK
| | - Christopher N. Scanlan
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute; University of Oxford; Oxford; UK
| | - Frank Sobott
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteomics; University of Antwerp; Antwerp; Belgium
| | - Sarah Allman
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute; University of Oxford; Oxford; UK
| | - Kavitha Baruah
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute; University of Oxford; Oxford; UK
| | - Laura Pritchard
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute; University of Oxford; Oxford; UK
| | - James H. Scrivens
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Warwick; Coventry; UK
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36
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Katoh T, Takase J, Tani Y, Amamoto R, Aoshima N, Tiemeyer M, Yamamoto K, Ashida H. Deficiency of α-glucosidase I alters glycoprotein glycosylation and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1142-51. [PMID: 23836288 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) α-glucosidase I is an enzyme that trims the distal α1,2-linked glucose (Glc) residue from the Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide following its addition to nascent glycoproteins in the initial step of processing. This reaction is critical to the subsequent processing of N-glycans and thus defects in α-glucosidase I gene in human cause congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) type IIb. We identified the Caenorhabditis elegans α-glucosidase I gene (F13H10.4, designated agl-1) that encodes a polypeptide with 36% identity to human α-glucosidase I. The agl-1 cDNA restored the expression of complex-type N-glycans on the cell surface of α-glucosidase I-defective Chinese hamster ovary Lec23 cells. RNAi knockdown of agl-1 [agl-1(RNAi)] produced worms that were visibly similar to wild-type, but lifespan was reduced to about half of the control. Analyses of N-glycosylation in agl-1(RNAi) animals by western blotting and mass spectrometry showed reduction of paucimannose and complex-type glycans and dramatic increase of glucosylated oligomannose glycans. In addition, a significant amount of unusual terminally fucosylated N-glycans were found in agl-1(RNAi) animals. ER stress response was also provoked, leading to the accumulation of large amounts of triglucosylated free oligosaccharides (FOSs) (Glc3Man4-5GlcNAc1-2) in agl-1(RNAi) animals. Acceleration of ER-associated degradation in response to the accumulation of unfolded glycoproteins and insufficient interaction with calnexin/calreticulin in the ER lumen likely accounts for the increase of FOSs. Taken together, these studies in C. elegans demonstrate that decreased ER α-glucosidase I affects the entire N-glycan profile and induces chronic ER stress, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of CDG-IIb in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Katoh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
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37
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Jenkinson SF, Best D, Saville AW, Mui J, Martínez RF, Nakagawa S, Kunimatsu T, Alonzi DS, Butters TD, Norez C, Becq F, Blériot Y, Wilson FX, Weymouth-Wilson AC, Kato A, Fleet GWJ. C-branched iminosugars: α-glucosidase inhibition by enantiomers of isoDMDP, isoDGDP, and isoDAB-L-isoDMDP compared to miglitol and miglustat. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7380-97. [PMID: 23688199 DOI: 10.1021/jo4005487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Ho crossed aldol condensation provides access to a series of carbon branched iminosugars as exemplified by the synthesis of enantiomeric pairs of isoDMDP, isoDGDP, and isoDAB, allowing comparison of their biological activities with three linear isomeric natural products DMDP, DGDP, and DAB and their enantiomers. L-IsoDMDP [(2S,3S,4R)-2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol], prepared in 11 steps in an overall yield of 45% from d-lyxonolactone, is a potent specific competitive inhibitor of gut disaccharidases [K(i) 0.081 μM for rat intestinal maltase] and is more effective in the suppression of hyperglycaemia in a maltose loading test than miglitol, a drug presently used in the treatment of late onset diabetes. The partial rescue of the defective F508del-CFTR function in CF-KM4 cells by L-isoDMDP is compared with miglustat and isoLAB in an approach to the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Jenkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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38
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Chang J, Warren TK, Zhao X, Gill T, Guo F, Wang L, Comunale MA, Du Y, Alonzi DS, Yu W, Ye H, Liu F, Guo JT, Mehta A, Cuconati A, Butters TD, Bavari S, Xu X, Block TM. Small molecule inhibitors of ER α-glucosidases are active against multiple hemorrhagic fever viruses. Antiviral Res 2013; 98:432-40. [PMID: 23578725 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Host cellular endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II are essential for the maturation of viral glycosylated envelope proteins that use the calnexin mediated folding pathway. Inhibition of these glycan processing enzymes leads to the misfolding and degradation of these viral glycoproteins and subsequent reduction in virion secretion. We previously reported that, CM-10-18, an imino sugar α-glucosidase inhibitor, efficiently protected the lethality of dengue virus infection of mice. In the current study, through an extensive structure-activity relationship study, we have identified three CM-10-18 derivatives that demonstrated superior in vitro antiviral activity against representative viruses from four viral families causing hemorrhagic fever. Moreover, the three novel imino sugars significantly reduced the mortality of two of the most pathogenic hemorrhagic fever viruses, Marburg virus and Ebola virus, in mice. Our study thus proves the concept that imino sugars are promising drug candidates for the management of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by variety of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Chang
- Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA 18902, United States.
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39
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Novel imino sugar α-glucosidase inhibitors as antiviral compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4831-8. [PMID: 23582447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) based imino sugars display antiviral activity in the tissue culture surrogate model of Hepatitis C (HCV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), mediated by inhibition of ER α-glucosidases. Here, the antiviral activities of neoglycoconjugates derived from deoxynojirimycin, and a novel compound derived from deoxygalactonojirimycin, by click chemistry with functionalised adamantanes are presented. Their antiviral potency, in terms of both viral infectivity and virion secretion, with respect to their effect on α-glucosidase inhibition, are reported. The distinct correlation between the ability of long alkyl chain derivatives to inhibit ER α-glucosidases and their anti-viral effect is demonstrated. Increasing alkyl linker length between DNJ and triazole groups increases α-glucosidase inhibition and reduces the production of viral progeny RNA and the maturation of the envelope polypeptide. Disruption to viral glycoprotein processing, with increased glucosylation on BVDV E2 species, is representative of α-glucosidase inhibition, whilst derivatives with longer alkyl linkers also show a further decrease in infectivity of secreted virions, an effect proposed to be distinct from α-glucosidase inhibition.
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40
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Quach T, Tsegay S, Thompson AJ, Kukushkin NV, Alonzi DS, Butters TD, Davies GJ, Williams SJ. Fleetamine (3-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-swainsonine): the synthesis of a hypothetical inhibitor of endo-α-mannosidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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De Pourcq K, Tiels P, Van Hecke A, Geysens S, Vervecken W, Callewaert N. Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica to produce glycoproteins homogeneously modified with the universal Man3GlcNAc2 N-glycan core. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39976. [PMID: 22768188 PMCID: PMC3386995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is a dimorphic yeast that efficiently secretes various heterologous proteins and is classified as “generally recognized as safe.” Therefore, it is an attractive protein production host. However, yeasts modify glycoproteins with non-human high mannose-type N-glycans. These structures reduce the protein half-life in vivo and can be immunogenic in man. Here, we describe how we genetically engineered N-glycan biosynthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica so that it produces Man3GlcNAc2 structures on its glycoproteins. We obtained unprecedented levels of homogeneity of this glycanstructure. This is the ideal starting point for building human-like sugars. Disruption of the ALG3 gene resulted in modification of proteins mainly with Man5GlcNAc2 and GlcMan5GlcNAc2 glycans, and to a lesser extent with Glc2Man5GlcNAc2 glycans. To avoid underoccupancy of glycosylation sites, we concomitantly overexpressed ALG6. We also explored several approaches to remove the terminal glucose residues, which hamper further humanization of N-glycosylation; overexpression of the heterodimeric Apergillus niger glucosidase II proved to be the most effective approach. Finally, we overexpressed an α-1,2-mannosidase to obtain Man3GlcNAc2 structures, which are substrates for the synthesis of complex-type glycans. The final Yarrowia lipolytica strain produces proteins glycosylated with the trimannosyl core N-glycan (Man3GlcNAc2), which is the common core of all complex-type N-glycans. All these glycans can be constructed on the obtained trimannosyl N-glycan using either in vivo or in vitro modification with the appropriate glycosyltransferases. The results demonstrate the high potential of Yarrowia lipolytica to be developed as an efficient expression system for the production of glycoproteins with humanized glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen De Pourcq
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Tiels
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- L-Probe, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Van Hecke
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Geysens
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Oxyrane Belgium, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Vervecken
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Oxyrane Belgium, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- L-Probe, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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42
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Glawar AFG, Best D, Ayers BJ, Miyauchi S, Nakagawa S, Aguilar-Moncayo M, García Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C, Crabtree EV, Butters TD, Wilson FX, Kato A, Fleet GWJ. Scalable syntheses of both enantiomers of DNJNAc and DGJNAc from glucuronolactone: the effect of N-alkylation on hexosaminidase inhibition. Chemistry 2012; 18:9341-59. [PMID: 22736508 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The efficient scalable syntheses of 2-acetamido-1,2-dideoxy-D-galacto-nojirimycin (DGJNAc) and 2-acetamido-1,2-dideoxy-D-gluco-nojirimycin (DNJNAc) from D-glucuronolactone, as well as of their enantiomers from L-glucuronolactone, are reported. The evaluation of both enantiomers of DNJNAc and DGJNAc, along with their N-alkyl derivatives, as glycosidase inhibitors showed that DGJNAc and its N-alkyl derivatives were all inhibitors of α-GalNAcase but that none of the epimeric DNJNAc derivatives inhibited this enzyme. In contrast, both DGJNAc and DNJNAc, as well as their alkyl derivatives, were potent inhibitors of β-GlcNAcases and β-GalNAcases. Neither of the L-enantiomers showed any significant inhibition of any of the enzymes tested. Correlation of the in vitro inhibition with the cellular data, by using a free oligosaccharide analysis of the lysosomal enzyme inhibition, revealed the following structure-property relationship: hydrophobic side-chains preferentially promoted the intracellular access of iminosugars to those inhibitors with more-hydrophilic side-chain characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F G Glawar
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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Kukushkin NV, Easthope IS, Alonzi DS, Butters TD. Restricted processing of glycans by endomannosidase in mammalian cells. Glycobiology 2012; 22:1282-8. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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44
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Huang H, Mackeen MM, Cook M, Oriero E, Locke E, Thézénas ML, Kessler BM, Nwakanma D, Casals-Pascual C. Proteomic identification of host and parasite biomarkers in saliva from patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Malar J 2012; 11:178. [PMID: 22640863 PMCID: PMC3407698 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria cases attributed to Plasmodium falciparum account for approximately 600,000 deaths yearly, mainly in African children. The gold standard method to diagnose malaria requires the visualization of the parasite in blood. The role of non-invasive diagnostic methods to diagnose malaria remains unclear. Methods A protocol was optimized to deplete highly abundant proteins from saliva to improve the dynamic range of the proteins identified and assess their suitability as candidate biomarkers of malaria infection. A starch-based amylase depletion strategy was used in combination with four different lectins to deplete glycoproteins (Concanavalin A and Aleuria aurantia for N-linked glycoproteins; jacalin and peanut agglutinin for O-linked glycoproteins). A proteomic analysis of depleted saliva samples was performed in 17 children with fever and a positive–malaria slide and compared with that of 17 malaria-negative children with fever. Results The proteomic signature of malaria-positive patients revealed a strong up-regulation of erythrocyte-derived and inflammatory proteins. Three P. falciparum proteins, PFL0480w, PF08_0054 and PFI0875w, were identified in malaria patients and not in controls. Aleuria aurantia and jacalin showed the best results for parasite protein identification. Conclusions This study shows that saliva is a suitable clinical specimen for biomarker discovery. Parasite proteins and several potential biomarkers were identified in patients with malaria but not in patients with other causes of fever. The diagnostic performance of these markers should be addressed prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Huang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2007-2008. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:183-311. [PMID: 21850673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Synthesis and α-Glucosidase II inhibitory activity of valienamine pseudodisaccharides relevant to N-glycan biosynthesis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5219-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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47
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Demonstration that endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of glycoproteins can occur downstream of processing by endomannosidase. Biochem J 2011; 438:133-42. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20110186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During quality control in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), nascent glycoproteins are deglucosylated by ER glucosidases I and II. In the post-ER compartments, glycoprotein endo-α-mannosidase provides an alternative route for deglucosylation. Previous evidence suggests that endomannosidase non-selectively deglucosylates glycoproteins that escape quality control in the ER, facilitating secretion of aberrantly folded as well as normal glycoproteins. In the present study, we employed FOS (free oligosaccharides) released from degrading glycoproteins as biomarkers of ERAD (ER-associated degradation), allowing us to gain a global rather than single protein-centred view of ERAD. Glucosidase inhibition was used to discriminate between glucosidase- and endomannosidase-mediated ERAD pathways. Endomannosidase expression was manipulated in CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary)-K1 cells, naturally lacking a functional version of the enzyme, and HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293T cells. Endomannosidase was shown to decrease the levels of total FOS, suggesting decreased rates of ERAD. However, following pharmacological inhibition of ER glucosidases I and II, endomannosidase expression resulted in a partial switch between glucosylated FOS, released from ER-confined glycoproteins, to deglucosylated FOS, released from endomannosidase-processed glycoproteins transported from the Golgi/ERGIC (ER/Golgi intermediate compartment) to the ER. Using this approach, we have identified a previously unknown pathway of glycoprotein flow, undetectable by the commonly employed methods, in which secretory cargo is targeted back to the ER after being processed by endomannosidase.
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Harvey DJ. Derivatization of carbohydrates for analysis by chromatography; electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1196-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Robust assays for the isolation and characterization of urinary FOS (free oligosaccharides) have been developed to screen patients for altered protein and/or lipid glycosylation. A FOS analysis can therefore identify potential biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma, since variations in glycosylation as a result of tumorigenecity should be detectable in the FOS of patients. HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) accounts for 80-90% of all liver cancers. It occurs more often in men than women and occurs mostly in people 50-60 years old. The disease is more common in parts of Africa and Asia than in North or South America and Europe. Using a combination of solid-phase extraction techniques and affinity chromatography, followed by separation of urinary FOS by NP (normal phase)-HPLC and HIAX (hydrophilic interaction and anion-exchange)-HPLC, more than 200 different species have been identified in patient samples. The high incidence of small sialylated oligosaccharides in HCC patients suggests that pro-inflammatory markers may be detected as early indicators of disease progression. In addition, the methods developed here to isolate and analyse excreted glycoprotein- and glycosphingolipid-bound oligosaccharides have been used to characterize changes in metabolic processes that underlie a number of human genetic disorders. The ability to predict disease status in microlitre amounts of readily available non-invasive urine samples indicates that rapid methods for screening can be developed.
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50
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Rasmussen TS, Allman S, Twigg G, Butters TD, Jensen HH. Synthesis of N-alkylated noeurostegines and evaluation of their potential as treatment for Gaucher's disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1519-22. [PMID: 21292481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The potent and selective inhibitor of β-glucosidases, noeurostegine, was evaluated as an inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase (GCase) to give an IC(50) value of 0.4 μM, being 250- and 150-fold better than N-butyl and N-nonyl noeurostegine, respectively. The parent noeurostegine and its N-butyl and N-nonyl alkylated congeners were also tested as pharmacological chaperones against a N370S GCase mutant. Of these, only noeurostegine, was found to increase enzyme activity, which in potency was comparable to that previously reported for isofagomine.
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