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Herzyk DJ, Bugelski PJ, Hart TK, Wier PJ. Preclinical Safety of Recombinant Human Interleukin-18. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 31:554-61. [PMID: 14692624 DOI: 10.1080/01926230390226681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human interleukin-18 (rHuIL-18) is currently in clinical trials for treatment of cancer. This report presents results of preclinical toxicity studies with rHuIL-18 in cynomolgus monkeys and recombinant murine IL-18 (rMuIL-18) in mice. The rHuIL-18 was administered intravenously in 1 or 2 different 5-day cycles at doses 0.3 to 75 mg/kg/day in monkeys. Decreases in red cell mass, neutrophil, and platelet counts, increases in monocyte and large unstained cell counts, and lymphoid hyperplasia in spleen and lymph nodes were mild, reversible, and likely related to the pharmacologic activity of IL-18. The only toxic effect was protein cast nephropathy, secondary to coprecipitation of administered IL-18 and Tamm-Horsfall protein in the distal nephron, that only occurred at 75 mg/kg/day. Other adverse effects of rHuIL-18 were related to strong immunogenicity in monkeys and were manifest only during a second dosing cycle. The rMuIL-18, at similar dosing levels and cycles in mice, resulted in reduced red cell mass, increased white blood cell counts, spleen and lymph node hyperplasia, and mild, reversible changes in intestine, liver, and lungs. Protein cast nephropathy occurred in mice at doses ≥30 mg/kg/day. In conclusion, preclinical safety studies showed that rIL-18 was well tolerated at pharmacologically active doses in both monkeys and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta J Herzyk
- Department of Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA.
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2
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Nanbakhsh A, Visentin G, Olive D, Janji B, Mussard E, Dessen P, Meurice G, Zhang Y, Louache F, Bourhis JH, Chouaib S. miR-181a modulates acute myeloid leukemia susceptibility to natural killer cells. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e996475. [PMID: 26587335 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.996475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although daunorubicin (DNR) is the most widely used anthracycline to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), resistance to this drug remains a critical problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between AML resistance to daunorubicin and susceptibility to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cell lysis, and the putative expression of miRs. For this purpose, we used the parental AML cell lines U-937 and KG-1 and their equivalent resistant U937(R) and KG-1(R) cell lines. We demonstrate for the first time that the acquisition of resistance to DNR by the parental cell lines resulted in the acquisition of cross-resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. miR microarray analysis revealed that this cross-resistance was associated with miR-181a downregulation and the subsequent regulation of MAP3K10 and MAP2K1 tyrosine kinases and the BCL-2 (BCL-2 and MCL-1) family. Overexpression of miR-181a in AML blasts resulted in the attenuation of their resistance to DNR and to NK-cell-mediated killing. These data point to a determinant role of miR-181a in the sensitization of leukemic resistant cells to DNR and NK cells and suggest that miR-181a may provide a promising option for the treatment of immuno- and chemo-resistant blasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille; INSERM; Institut Paoli-Calmettes ; Marseille, France
| | - Bassam Janji
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology. CRP-Santé ,; Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | | | - Philippe Dessen
- Functional Genomic Unit; Gustave Roussy Campus ; Villejuif, France
| | | | - Yanyan Zhang
- INSERM; Gustave Roussy Campus ; Villejuif, France
| | | | - Jean-Henri Bourhis
- INSERM; Gustave Roussy Campus ; Villejuif, France ; Department of Hematology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, Gustave Roussy Campus ; Villejuif, France
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3
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c-Myc regulates expression of NKG2D ligands ULBP1/2/3 in AML and modulates their susceptibility to NK-mediated lysis. Blood 2014; 123:3585-95. [PMID: 24677544 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-536219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside) is one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite its efficiency against AML cells, the emergence of drug resistance due to prolonged chemotherapy in most patients is still a major obstacle. Several studies have shown that drug resistance mechanisms alter the sensitivity of leukemia cells to immune system effector cells. To investigate this phenomenon, parental acute myeloid cell lines, HL-60 and KG-1, were continuously exposed to increasing doses of cytarabine in order to establish equivalent resistant cell lines, HL-60(R) and KG-1(R). Our data indicate that cytarabine-resistant cells are more susceptible to natural killer (NK)-mediated cell lysis as compared with parental cytarabine-sensitive cells. The increased susceptibility correlates with the induction of UL-16 binding proteins (ULBP) 1/2/3 and NK group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands on target cells by a mechanism involving c-Myc induction. More importantly, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that ULBP1/3 are direct targets of c-Myc. Using drug-resistant primary AML blasts as target cells, inhibition of c-Myc resulted in decreased expression of NKG2D ligands and the subsequent impairment of NK cell lysis. This study provides for the first time, the c-Myc dependent regulation of NKG2D ligands in AML.
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4
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Sun W, Yang J. Functional mechanisms for human tumor suppressors. J Cancer 2010; 1:136-40. [PMID: 20922055 PMCID: PMC2948218 DOI: 10.7150/jca.1.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressors refer to a large group of molecules that are capable of controlling cell division, promoting apoptosis, and suppressing metastasis. The loss of function for a tumor suppressor may lead to cancer due to uncontrolled cell division. Because of their importance, extensive studies have been undertaken to understand the different functional mechanisms of tumor suppressors. Here, we briefly review the four major mechanisms, inhibition of cell division, induction of apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and inhibition of metastasis. It is noteworthy that some tumor suppressors, such as p53, may adopt more than one mechanism for their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Sun
- Drug Design and Discovery Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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5
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Herzyk DJ, Soos JM, Maier CC, Gore ER, Narayanan PK, Nadwodny KL, Liu S, Jonak ZL, Bugelski PJ. Immunopharmacology of recombinant human interleukin-18 in non-human primates. Cytokine 2002; 20:38-48. [PMID: 12441145 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.2002.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human interleukin (IL)-18 (rHuIL-18) has a potential as a therapeutic agent in cancer and is currently in drug development. Since human IL-18 displays 96% and 100% amino acid sequence homology with cynomolgus monkey and chimpanzee IL-18, respectively, the biological responses to rHuIL-18 were evaluated in these species. A single intravenous dose of rHuIL-18 at 1 or 10mg/kg in cymonolgus monkeys caused a transient reduction in lymphocyte counts, induction of IL-1alpha and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA in whole blood cells and a marked increase in plasma neopterin. rHuIL-18 administered to cynomolgus monkeys at doses of 0.3 or 3mg/kg for two 5-day cycles (Days 1-5 and 15-19) resulted in increased monocyte counts, induction of NK cells and concomitant increases in plasma IL-12 and neopterin. Administration of repeat doses of rHuIL-18 at 10mg/kg to chimpanzees was associated with increased monocyte counts, upregulation of FcgammaRI surface expression on monocytes, and increased IL-8, IL-12 and neopterin in plasma. These studies demonstrate, for the first time, the immunostimulatory activity of rHuIL-18 in vivo. The described pharmacological profile of rHuIL-18 in both cynomolgus monkeys and chimpanzees is indicative of the immunotherapeutic potential of rHuIL-18 in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta J Herzyk
- Department of Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, PO Box 1539, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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6
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Wigginton JM, Gruys E, Geiselhart L, Subleski J, Komschlies KL, Park JW, Wiltrout TA, Nagashima K, Back TC, Wiltrout RH. IFN-gamma and Fas/FasL are required for the antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of IL-12/pulse IL-2 therapy. J Clin Invest 2001; 108:51-62. [PMID: 11435457 PMCID: PMC209333 DOI: 10.1172/jci10128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2000] [Accepted: 05/14/2001] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of IL-12 and intermittent doses of IL-2 induce complete regression of metastatic murine renal carcinoma. Here, we show that overt tumor regression induced by IL-12/pulse IL-2 is preceded by recruitment of CD8(+) T cells, vascular injury, disrupted tumor neovascularization, and apoptosis of both endothelial and tumor cells. The IL-12/IL-2 combination synergistically enhances cell surface FasL expression on CD8(+) T lymphocytes in vitro and induces Fas and FasL expression within tumors via an IFN-gamma-dependent mechanism in vivo. This therapy also inhibits tumor neovascularization and induces tumor regression by mechanisms that depend critically on endogenous IFN-gamma production and an intact Fas/FasL pathway. The ability of IL-12/pulse IL-2 to induce rapid destruction of tumor-associated endothelial cells and regression of established metastatic tumors is ablated in mice with a dysregulated Fas/FasL pathway. The common, critical role for endogenous IFN-gamma and the Fas/FasL pathway in early antiangiogenic effects and in antitumor responses suggests that early, cytokine-driven innate immune mechanisms and CD8(+) T cell-mediated responses are interdependent. Definition of critical early molecular events engaged by IL-12/IL-2 may provide new perspective into optimal therapeutic engagement of a productive host-antitumor immune response.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/secondary
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Interleukin-12/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-12/pharmacology
- Interleukin-12/therapeutic use
- Kidney Neoplasms/blood supply
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/surgery
- Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Nephrectomy
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- fas Receptor/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wigginton
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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7
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Wigginton JM, Gruys E, Geiselhart L, Subleski J, Komschlies KL, Park JW, Wiltrout TA, Nagashima K, Back TC, Wiltrout RH. IFN-γ and Fas/FasL are required for the antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of IL-12/pulse IL-2 therapy. J Clin Invest 2001. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200110128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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8
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Wigginton JM, Park JW, Gruys ME, Young HA, Jorcyk CL, Back TC, Brunda MJ, Strieter RM, Ward J, Green JE, Wiltrout RH. Complete regression of established spontaneous mammary carcinoma and the therapeutic prevention of genetically programmed neoplastic transition by IL-12/pulse IL-2: induction of local T cell infiltration, Fas/Fas ligand gene expression, and mammary epithelial apoptosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:1156-68. [PMID: 11145697 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.2.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using a novel transgenic mouse model of spontaneous mammary carcinoma, we show here that the IL-12/pulse IL-2 combination can induce rapid and complete regression of well-established autochthonous tumor in a setting where the host immune system has been conditioned by the full dynamic process of neoplastic progression and tumorigenesis. Further, this regimen inhibits neovascularization of established mammary tumors, and does so in conjunction with potent local induction of genes encoding the IFN-gamma- and TNF-alpha-inducible antiangiogenic chemokines IFN-inducible protein 10 and monokine induced by IFN-gamma. In contrast to untreated juvenile C3(1)TAg mice in which histologically normal mammary epithelium predictably undergoes progressive hyperplasia, atypical changes, and ultimately transition to overt carcinoma, the current studies also demonstrate a unique preventative therapeutic role for IL-12/pulse IL-2. In juvenile mice, early administration of IL-12/pulse IL-2 markedly limits the expected genetically programmed neoplastic transition within the mammary epithelium and does so in conjunction with enhancement of constitutive Fas and pronounced induction of local Fas ligand gene expression, T cell infiltration, and induction of apoptosis within the mammary epithelium. These events occur in the absence of a durable Ag-specific memory response. Thus, this novel model system demonstrates that the potent therapeutic activity of the IL-12/pulse IL-2 combination rapidly engages potent apoptotic and antiangiogenic mechanisms that remain active during the delivery of IL-12/pulse IL-2. The results also demonstrate that these mechanisms are active against established tumor as well as developing preneoplastic lesions.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/biosynthesis
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Chemokines/biosynthesis
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Epithelial Cells/ultrastructure
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Interleukin-12/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-2/administration & dosage
- Ligands
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Remission Induction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Up-Regulation/immunology
- fas Receptor/biosynthesis
- fas Receptor/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wigginton
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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Abstract
Chemotherapy of malignant tumors including acute leukemias is largely based on empirical data and clinical experience. In the recent years it has become clear that anticancer drugs induce apoptosis in target cells. Drug-induced activation of apoptosis pathways appears to include parallel or sequential activation of death receptor systems and, most importantly, changes in mitochondrial function with concomitant release of apoptogenic factors leading to activation of downstream caspases. The identification of the critical elements of drug-induced apoptosis and activation of effector caspases will certainly provide new insights into the molecular determinants of chemosensitivity or chemoresistance of malignant tumors and leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Debatin
- University Children's Hospital, Prittwitzstrasse 43, D-89075, Ulm, Germany.
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10
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Inaba H, Komada Y, Li QS, Zhang XL, Tanaka S, Azuma E, Yamamoto H, Sakurai M. mRNA expression of variant Fas molecules in acute leukemia cells. Am J Hematol 1999; 62:150-8. [PMID: 10539881 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(199911)62:3<150::aid-ajh4>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fas (Apo-1/CD95) is a cell membrane receptor involved in apoptotic cell death. Soluble variant forms (sFas) lacking the transmembrane domain due to alternative splicing have been identified. Up-regulation of sFas expression is reportedly implicated in prereceptorial blockage of Fas-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. We examined mRNA expression of Fas and sFas in fresh leukemia cells. All leukemia cells expressed both mRNAs of full-length Fas (FasFull) and sFas with deletion of exon6 (FasDel6). The ratio of FasFull/FasDel6 mRNA expression was not always correlated with Fas-mediated growth inhibition. Interestingly, in a 6-year-old boy with acute myelogenous leukemia, blast cells obtained at onset and at the time of bone marrow relapses expressed distinct amounts of FasDel6 mRNA. Furthermore, the level of FasDel6 expression appeared to be correlated with Fas-resistance in leukemia blasts. In addition, sFas protein levels were elevated in patients' sera at onset with subsequent return to normal levels after complete remission. These results indicated that sFas could be synthesized and released by leukemia blasts and suggested that up-regulation of Fas variant transcript might render leukemia blasts resistant to Fas-mediated growth inhibition in certain cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Inaba
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Tsu, Japan
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11
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Komada Y, Inaba H, Li QS, Azuma E, Zhou YW, Yamamoto H, Sakurai M. Epitopes and functional responses defined by a panel of anti-Fas (CD95) monoclonal antibodies. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1999; 18:391-8. [PMID: 10600025 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1999.18.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fas (CD95) is a cell surface glycoprotein that mediates apoptotic cell death when cross-linked with agonistic anti-Fas monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) or the endogenous Fas ligand. In this study, we investigated the in vitro biological properties of a panel of anti-human Fas MAbs. We found that five anti-Fas MAbs of IgG1 subclass (B.E28, B.G30, B.L25, DX2, and B.G34) induced marked apoptotic cell death in Fas-expressing leukemia cells, although this killing was delayed when compared to the cytolytic effect mediated by the prototypic anti-Fas MAb of IgM subclass (clone CH-11). On the other hand, four clones (ZB4, B.G27, B.D29, and B.K14) efficiently blocked apoptotic cell death induced by the CH-11 MAb or Fas ligand. The ability of these MAbs to inhibit cell death appeared to correlate with their relative affinity for the Fas molecule. Furthermore, different clones recognized the same epitope and elicited different effects (induction or inhibition of cell killing); conversely, different clones elicited the same effect but recognized different epitopes. These results suggest that the different biological effects of anti-Fas MAbs would not be mediated in an epitope-restricted manner. The relative binding affinity might correlate to some extent with the biological properties of the MAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Komada
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
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12
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Debatin KM. Activation of apoptosis pathways by anticancer drugs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1999; 457:237-44. [PMID: 10500798 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4811-9_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K M Debatin
- University Children's Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Chemotherapy of malignant tumors, including acute leukemias, is largely based on empirical data and clinical experience. In recent years, it has become clear that anticancer drugs induce apoptosis in target cells. Activation of the CD95 system initiated by induction of CD95 ligand/receptor interaction has been shown to contribute to drug-induced apoptosis in certain systems. However, some groups also have shown that drug-induced apoptosis occurs independently of CD95 triggering. Drug-induced activation of apoptotic pathways appears to include parallel or sequential activation of death receptor systems and, most importantly, changes in mitochondrial function with concomitant release of apoptogenic factors. Activation of downstream caspases, such as caspase 3 or caspase 9, seems to be the most critical mediator of a drug-induced cell death. The identification of the crucial elements of drug-induced apoptosis and activation of effector caspases will certainly provide new insights into the molecular determinants of chemosensitivity or chemoresistance of malignant tumors and leukemias. Copyright 1999 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
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14
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Zaks TZ, Chappell DB, Rosenberg SA, Restifo NP. Fas-Mediated Suicide of Tumor-Reactive T Cells Following Activation by Specific Tumor: Selective Rescue by Caspase Inhibition. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.6.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes that specifically recognize tumor cells can be isolated and expanded ex vivo. While the lytic properties of these cells have been well described, their fate upon encounter with cognate tumor is not known. We performed reverse 51Cr release assays in which the lymphocyte effectors rather than the tumor cell targets were radioactively labeled. We found that melanoma tumor cells caused the apoptotic death of tumor-specific T cells only upon specific MHC class I-restricted recognition. This death was entirely blockable by the addition of an Ab directed against the Fas death receptor (APO-1, CD95). Contrary to the prevailing view that tumor cells cause the death of anti-tumor T cells by expressing Fas ligand (FasL), our data suggested that FasL was instead expressed by T lymphocytes upon activation. While the tumor cells did not express FasL by any measure (including RT-PCR), functional FasL (as well as FasL mRNA) was consistently found on activated anti-tumor T cells. We could successfully block the activation-induced cell death with z-VAD-fmk, a tripeptide inhibitor of IL-1β-converting enzyme homologues, or with anti-Fas mAbs. Most importantly, these interventions did not inhibit T cell recognition as measured by IFN-γ release, nor did they adversely affect the specific lysis of tumor cell targets. These results imply that Fas-mediated activation-induced cell death could be a limiting factor in the in vivo efficacy of adoptive transfer of class I-restricted CD8+ T cells and provide a means of potentially enhancing their growth in vitro as well as their function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Z. Zaks
- *Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Dale B. Chappell
- †Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Institutes of Health Research Scholars Program, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Steven A. Rosenberg
- *Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Debatin
- University Children's Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Krammer
- Tumorimmunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Krammer PH, Galle PR, Möller P, Debatin KM. CD95(APO-1/Fas)-mediated apoptosis in normal and malignant liver, colon, and hematopoietic cells. Adv Cancer Res 1998; 75:251-73. [PMID: 9709812 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P H Krammer
- Tumorimmunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Zhou YW, Komada Y, Inaba H, Deguchi T, Sugiyama K, Azuma E, Sakurai M. Functional significance of adhesion molecules in Fas-dependent apoptotic cell death induced by interleukin-2-activated T cells. Immunol Invest 1998; 27:309-22. [PMID: 9730091 DOI: 10.3109/08820139809070904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the functional significance of the adhesion molecules CD2 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1: CD11a/CD18) in Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) death pathway. Interleukin-2-activated T cells expressed a large amount of FasL protein and could efficiently kill a Fas-sensitive leukemic cell line, MML-1. The major part (over 80%) of MML-1 cell death was Fas-dependent. Antibodies to CD2 and CD11a/CD18 completely inhibited MML-1 target cell lysis, whereas effector to target cell binding was partially reduced or not affected at all. These results suggest that effector/target interaction via CD2/CD58 and LFA-1/CD54 systems would be essential for triggering target cell death. More interestingly, there is the discordance in the ability of anti-CD2, and particularly anti-LFA-1 antibodies, to block Fas-dependent cell death versus effector to target conjugate formation. This suggests some non-adhesive role for CD2 and LFA-1 in induction of Fas-dependent cell death. Although these antibodies were capable of inhibiting T cell proliferative response, there was no significant reduction of FasL or granzyme B expression. Thus, the signaling pathway for growth inhibition via CD2 and LFA-1 could not be linked to signaling for FasL and granzyme B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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