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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Wang D, Ruan Z, Wang R, Ma L, Tang S, Wang X, Ma A. Decoding the mechanism of earthworm extract against wounds: an integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology study. Mol Divers 2024; 28:631-647. [PMID: 36705857 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are used to cure wounds in Chinese villages for thousands of years. Recently, scientists realized their extracts could promote wound healing and they have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, and anti-microbial properties, but its mechanism of promoting wound healing remains unclear. In the presented study, electronic literature databases and LC-MS/MS were used to determine earthworms' ingredients and differential metabolites. Swiss Target Prediction database was used for ingredients' target prediction and wound disease-relevant genes were found from GeneCards, OMIM, and DrugBank databases. Network pharmacology was conducted to demonstrate filtering hub targets, biological functions, and the signaling pathways of earthworms extract against wounds. Molecular docking and metabolism analysis were used to look for core target genes and key bioactive molecules from earthworms. Finally, the investigation shows 5 most important signal pathways, 5 core genes, and 6 bioactive ingredients-related cell-cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and cell migration processes could be affected by earthworms' extract. On 3rd day, the extract could regulate HIF1A and EGFR targets to make the differences of quantities of 4-pyridoxate, tetradecanoic acid, and L-kynurenine. While on 7th day, the regulation refers 6 earthworms' bioactive ingredients, 4 core genes (CTNNB1, EGFR, SRC, and CASP3), and 4 differential metabolites (4-hydoxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid, urocanate, deoxyinosine, creatine, and sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine). on 14th day, 2 core genes (EGFR, SRC) are influenced in the biological processes. Briefly, we found that 6 ingredients from earthworms have most bioactive and 5 core genes play an important role in promoting wound-healing processes. These discovers indicates earthworms could against wound via AGE-RAGE, PI3K-Akt, HIF1A, MAPK, and Axon guidance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Medical Research and Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research on TCM Physical Constitution and Disease Prevention and Treatment, Xianyang, China.
| | - Zhen Ruan
- Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Ruihui Wang
- Medical Research and Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Li Ma
- Medical Research and Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Saiqing Tang
- Second Clinical Medical School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Medical Research and Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Axue Ma
- Second Clinical Medical School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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Corrias G, Lai E, Ziranu P, Mariani S, Donisi C, Liscia N, Saba G, Pretta A, Persano M, Fanni D, Spanu D, Balconi F, Loi F, Deidda S, Restivo A, Pusceddu V, Puzzoni M, Solinas C, Massa E, Madeddu C, Gerosa C, Zorcolo L, Faa G, Saba L, Scartozzi M. Prediction of Response to Anti-Angiogenic Treatment for Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patients: From Biological Factors to Functional Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1364. [PMID: 38611042 PMCID: PMC11011199 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading tumor worldwide. In CRC, the angiogenic pathway plays a crucial role in cancer development and the process of metastasis. Thus, anti-angiogenic drugs represent a milestone for metastatic CRC (mCRC) treatment and lead to significant improvement of clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, not all patients respond to treatment and some develop resistance. Therefore, the identification of predictive factors able to predict response to angiogenesis pathway blockade is required in order to identify the best candidates to receive these agents. Unfortunately, no predictive biomarkers have been prospectively validated to date. Over the years, research has focused on biologic factors such as genetic polymorphisms, circulating biomarkers, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and microRNA. Moreover, research efforts have evaluated the potential correlation of molecular biomarkers with imaging techniques used for tumor assessment as well as the application of imaging tools in clinical practice. In addition to functional imaging, radiomics, a relatively newer technique, shows real promise in the setting of correlating molecular medicine to radiological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Corrias
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Lai
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Pina Ziranu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Clelia Donisi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Nicole Liscia
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Saba
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrea Pretta
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Mara Persano
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (D.F.); (C.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Dario Spanu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Francesca Balconi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Francesco Loi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Simona Deidda
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, A.O.U. Cagliari, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.D.); (A.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Angelo Restivo
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, A.O.U. Cagliari, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.D.); (A.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Valeria Pusceddu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Marco Puzzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Elena Massa
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Clelia Madeddu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Clara Gerosa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (D.F.); (C.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Luigi Zorcolo
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, A.O.U. Cagliari, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.D.); (A.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Gavino Faa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (D.F.); (C.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.L.); (P.Z.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (G.S.); (A.P.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (F.B.); (F.L.); (V.P.); (M.P.); (C.S.); (E.M.); (C.M.); (M.S.)
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Lin F, Xiao T, Wang B, Wang L, Liu G, Wang R, Xie C, Tang Z. Mechanisms and markers of malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23314. [PMID: 38163180 PMCID: PMC10755325 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic premalignant disease associated with betel quid chewing. Epidemiological studies indicate that there are approximately 5 million individuals suffering from OSF worldwide, with a concerning malignancy transformation rate of up to 4.2 %. When OSF progresses to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the 5-year survival rate for OSCC drops to below 60 %. Therefore, early screening and diagnosis are essential for both preventing and effectively treating OSF and its potential malignant transformation. Numerous studies have shown that the malignant transformation of OSF is associated with various factors, including epigenetic reprogramming, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, cell cycle changes, immune regulation disturbances, and oxidative damage. This review article focuses on the unraveling the potential mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of OSF, as well as the abnormal expression of biomarkers throughout this transformative process, with the aim of aiding early screening for carcinogenic changes in OSF. Furthermore, we discuss the significance of utilizing blood and saliva components from patients with OSF, along with optical diagnostic techniques, in the early screening of OSF malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zhongshan city, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Baisheng Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Gui Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Rifu Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Changqing Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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Wu H, Chen Y, Lin H, Xu Y, Guo Z, Li Z. The clinical significance of SNAIL, TWIST, and E-Cadherin expression in gastric mesentery tumor deposits of advanced gastric cancer. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2024; 67:21-28. [PMID: 38358184 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_659_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationships among the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors (SNAIL, TWIST, and E-Cadherin) and clinicopathological parameters and gastric mesangial tumor deposits (TDs) in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients and their value in gastric cancer prognosis judgment. Materials and Methods The data of 190 patients who underwent radical resection of ACG were analyzed retrospectively, including 75 cases of TDs (+) and 115 cases of TDs (-). The expression of EMT-related transforming factors Snail, Twist, and E-cadherin in the primary tumor, paracancerous normal tissues, and TDs was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results SNAIL and TWIST were overexpressed in primary tumors and TDs, whereas E-Cadherin was down-expressed in primary tumors. SNAIL was correlated significantly with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastases, and TDs (P < 0.05); TWIST was correlated strongly with tumor location, lymph node metastases, and TDs (P < 0.05); E-Cadherin was correlated closely with tumor differentiation and lymph node metastases (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that SNAIL expression was correlated with DFS (P < 0.05), and TWIST expression was correlated with OS (P < 0.05). Tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and TWIST expression were prognostic-independent risk factors of AGC patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion The occurrence and development of gastric cancer and the formation of TDs may be related to EMT, analyzing the expression of EMT-related transforming proteins may be helpful to judge the prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Teaching Hospital of Putian First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Putian; The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University and Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huimei Lin
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanchang Xu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Unit 1, Teaching Hospital of Putian First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Putian; The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zipei Guo
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Unit 1, Teaching Hospital of Putian First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Putian; The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Liu Y, Ma J, Lu S, He P, Dong W. USP25 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by interacting with TRIM21 via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2229-2242. [PMID: 37439386 PMCID: PMC10508383 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. The ubiquitin-specific peptidase 25 (USP25) protein has been reported to participate in the development of several cancers. However, few studies have reported its association with HCC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of USP25 in the progression of HCC. METHODS We analyzed USP25 protein expression in HCC based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database cohorts. Then, we constructed USP25-overexpressing and USP25-knockdown HepG2, MHCC97H, and L-O2 cells. We detected the biological function of USP25 by performing a series of assays, such as Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, transwell, and wound healing assays. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses were performed to detect the interaction between USP25 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The relationship between USP25 and tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) was assessed through mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) analysis. Finally, we constructed a mouse liver cancer model with the USP25 gene deletion to verify in vivo role of USP25. RESULTS USP25 was highly expressed in HCC tissue and HCC cell lines. Importantly, high expression of USP25 in tissues was closely related to a poor prognosis. USP25 knockdown markedly reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 and MHCC97H cells, whereas USP25 overexpression led to the opposite effects. In addition, we demonstrated that USP25 interacts with TRIM21 to regulate the expression of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT; E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Snail) and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (β-catenin, Adenomatous polyposis coli, Axin2 and Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta) and those of their downstream proteins (C-myc and Cyclin D1). Finally, we verified that knocking out USP25 inhibited tumor growth and distant metastasis in vivo . CONCLUSIONS In summary, our data showed that USP25 was overexpressed in HCC. USP25 promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of HCC cells by interacting with TRIM21 to activate the β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
- Central Laboratory of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Geriatric, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Shimin Lu
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Pengzhan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
- Central Laboratory of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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Yoshimura T, Li C, Wang Y, Matsukawa A. The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 is a promoter of breast cancer metastasis. Cell Mol Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41423-023-01013-0. [PMID: 37208442 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, and metastasis is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. Human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) was isolated from the culture supernatants of not only mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes but also malignant glioma cells based on its in vitro chemotactic activity toward human monocytes. MCP-1 was subsequently found to be identical to a previously described tumor cell-derived chemotactic factor thought to be responsible for the accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and it became a candidate target of clinical intervention; however, the role of TAMs in cancer development was still controversial at the time of the discovery of MCP-1. The in vivo role of MCP-1 in cancer progression was first evaluated by examining human cancer tissues, including breast cancers. Positive correlations between the level of MCP-1 production in tumors and the degree of TAM infiltration and cancer progression were established. The contribution of MCP-1 to the growth of primary tumors and metastasis to the lung, bone, and brain was examined in mouse breast cancer models. The results of these studies strongly suggested that MCP-1 is a promoter of breast cancer metastasis to the lung and brain but not bone. Potential mechanisms of MCP-1 production in the breast cancer microenvironment have also been reported. In the present manuscript, we review studies in which the role of MCP-1 in breast cancer development and progression and the mechanisms of its production were examined and attempt to draw a consensus and discuss the potential use of MCP-1 as a biomarker for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Chunning Li
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuze Wang
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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8
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Li Z, Qiao X, Liu XM, Shi SH, Qiao X, Xu JY. Blocking xCT and PI3K/Akt pathway synergized with DNA damage of Riluzole-Pt(IV) prodrugs for cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115233. [PMID: 36863224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment requires the participation of multiple targets/pathways, and single approach is hard to effectively curb the proliferation and metastasis of carcinoma cells. In this work, we conjugated FDA-approved riluzole and platinum(II) drugs into a series of unreported riluzole-Pt(IV) compounds, which were designed to simultaneously target DNA, the solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11, xCT), and the human ether a go-go related gene 1 (hERG1), to exert synergistic anticancer effect. Among them, c,c,t-[PtCl2(NH3)2(OH)(glutarylriluzole)] (compound 2) displayed excellent antiproliferative activity with IC50 value of 300-times lower than that of cisplatin in HCT-116, and optimal selectivity index between carcinoma and human normal liver cells (LO2). Mechanism studies indicated that compound 2 released riluzole and active Pt(II) species after entering cells to exhibit a prodrug behavior against cancer, which obviously increased DNA-damage and cell apoptosis, as well as suppressed metastasis in HCT-116. Compound 2 persisted in the xCT-target of riluzole and blocked the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH) to trigger oxidative stress, which could boost the killing to cancer cells and reduce Pt-drug resistance. Meanwhile, compound 2 significantly inhibited invasion and metastasis of HCT-116 cells by targeting hERG1 to interrupt the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases/proteinserine-threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt), and reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). Based on our results, the riluzole-Pt(IV) prodrugs studied in this work could be regarded as a new class of very promising candidates for cancer treatment compared to traditional platinum drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shu-Hao Shi
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Xu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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9
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Ghatak S, Satapathy SR, Sjölander A. DNA Methylation and Gene Expression of the Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptors as a Prognostic and Metastatic Factor for Colorectal Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043409. [PMID: 36834820 PMCID: PMC9963074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the western world, is the third most common cancer for both men and women. As a heterogeneous disease, colon cancer (CC) is caused by both genetic and epigenetic changes. The prognosis for CRC is affected by a variety of features, including late diagnosis, lymph node and distant metastasis. The cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT), as leukotriene D4 and C4 (LTD4 and LTC4), are synthesized from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, and play an important role in several types of diseases such as inflammation and cancer. Their effects are mediated via the two main G-protein-coupled receptors, CysLT1R and CysLT2R. Multiple studies from our group observed a significant increase in CysLT1R expression in the poor prognosis group, whereas CysLT2R expression was higher in the good prognosis group of CRC patients. Here, we systematically explored and established the role of the CysLTRs, cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1(CYSLTR1) and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (CYSLTR2) gene expression and methylation in the progression and metastasis of CRC using three unique in silico cohorts and one clinical CRC cohort. Primary tumor tissues showed significant CYSLTR1 upregulation compared with matched normal tissues, whereas it was the opposite for the CYSLTR2. Univariate Cox proportional-hazards (CoxPH) analysis yielded a high expression of CYSLTR1 and accurately predicted high-risk patients in terms of overall survival (OS; hazard ratio (HR) = 1.87, p = 0.03) and disease-free survival [DFS] Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.54, p = 0.05). Hypomethylation of the CYSLTR1 gene and hypermethylation of the CYSLTR2 gene were found in CRC patients. The M values of the CpG probes for CYSLTR1 are significantly lower in primary tumor and metastasis samples than in matched normal samples, but those for CYSLTR2 are significantly higher. The differentially upregulated genes between tumor and metastatic samples were uniformly expressed in the high-CYSLTR1 group. Two epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, E-cadherin (CDH1) and vimentin (VIM) were significantly downregulated and upregulated in the high-CYSLTR1 group, respectively, but the result was opposite to that of CYSLTR2 expression in CRC. CDH1 expression was high in patients with less methylated CYSLTR1 but low in those with more methylated CYSLTR2. The EMT-associated observations were also validated in CC SW620 cell-derived colonospheres, which showed decreased E-cadherin expression in the LTD4 stimulated cells, but not in the CysLT1R knockdown SW620 cells. The methylation profiles of the CpG probes for CysLTRs significantly predicted lymph node (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.76, p < 0.0001) and distant (AUC = 0.83, p < 0.0001) metastasis. Intriguingly, the CpG probes cg26848126 (HR = 1.51, p = 0.03) for CYSLTR1, and cg16299590 (HR = 2.14, p = 0.03) for CYSLTR2 significantly predicted poor prognosis in terms of OS, whereas the CpG probe cg16886259 for CYSLTR2 significantly predicts a poor prognosis group in terms of DFS (HR = 2.88, p = 0.03). The CYSLTR1 and CYSLTR2 gene expression and methylation results were successfully validated in a CC patient cohort. In this study, we have demonstrated that CysLTRs' methylation and gene expression profile are associated with the progression, prognosis, and metastasis of CRC, which might be used for the assessment of high-risk CRC patients after validating the result in a larger CRC cohort.
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10
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Scarini JF, de Lima-Souza RA, Lavareze L, Ribeiro de Assis MCF, Damas II, Altemani A, Egal ESA, dos Santos JN, Bello IO, Mariano FV. Heterogeneity and versatility of the extracellular matrix during the transition from pleomorphic adenoma to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: cumulative findings from basic research and new insights. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:942604. [PMID: 37138857 PMCID: PMC10149834 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.942604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland tumor, accounting for 50%-60% of these neoplasms. If untreated, 6.2% of PA may undergo malignant transformation to carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA). CXPA is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor, whose prevalence represents approximately 3%-6% of all salivary gland tumors. Although the pathogenesis of the PA-CXPA transition remains unclear, CXPA development requires the participation of cellular components and the tumor microenvironment for its progression. The extracellular matrix (ECM) comprises a heterogeneous and versatile network of macromolecules synthesized and secreted by embryonic cells. In the PA-CXPA sequence, ECM is formed by a variety of components including collagen, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and other glycoproteins, mainly secreted by epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. Like in other tumors including breast cancer, ECM changes play an important role in the PA-CXPA sequence. This review summarizes what is currently known about the role of ECM during CXPA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Figueira Scarini
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Luccas Lavareze
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Falcão Ribeiro de Assis
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Iara Damas
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Albina Altemani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Erika Said Abu Egal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Biorepository and Molecular Pathology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (UU), Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jean Nunes dos Santos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ibrahim Olajide Bello
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Correspondence: Fernanda Viviane Mariano
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11
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He B, Guo L, Hu Y, Huang H, Wan L, Xu K, Wang F, Wen Z. Desmocollin-2 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma via the ERK/c-MYC signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8805-8817. [DOI: 10.18632/aging.204370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Youwen Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Lijun Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Kedong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Zhili Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
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12
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Ma K, Chen H, Wang K, Han X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Hu Z, Wang J. Pterostilbene inhibits the metastasis of TNBC via suppression of β-catenin-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition and stemness. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Alsisi A, Eftimie R, Trucu D. Nonlocal multiscale modelling of tumour-oncolytic viruses interactions within a heterogeneous fibrous/non-fibrous extracellular matrix. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:6157-6185. [PMID: 35603396 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigate computationally tumour-oncolytic virus (OV) interactions that take place within a heterogeneous extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is viewed as a mixture of two constitutive phases, namely a fibre phase and a non-fibre phase. The multiscale mathematical model presented here focuses on the nonlocal cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions, and how these interactions might be impacted by the infection of cancer cells with the OV. At macroscale we track the kinetics of cancer cells, virus particles and the ECM. At microscale we track (i) the degradation of ECM by matrix degrading enzymes (MDEs) produced by cancer cells, which further influences the movement of tumour boundary; (ii) the re-arrangement of the microfibres that influences the re-arrangement of macrofibres (i.e., fibres at macroscale). With the help of this new multiscale model, we investigate two questions: (i) whether the infected cancer cell fluxes are the result of local or non-local advection in response to ECM density; and (ii) what is the effect of ECM fibres on the the spatial spread of oncolytic viruses and the outcome of oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhamed Alsisi
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Raluca Eftimie
- Laboratoire Mathematiques de Besançon, UMR-CNRS 6623, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, Besançon, France
| | - Dumitru Trucu
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
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14
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Zhao G, Pan AY, Feng Y, Rasko JE, Bailey CG, Lovicu FJ. Sprouty and Spred temporally regulate ERK1/2-signaling to suppress TGFβ-induced lens EMT. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Zanetti M, Chen SN, Conti M, Taylor MRG, Sbaizero O, Mestroni L, Lazzarino M. Microfabricated cantilevers for parallelized cell-cell adhesion measurements. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2022; 51:147-156. [PMID: 34304293 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell adhesion measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers outstanding time and force resolution and allows the investigation of many important phenomena with unmatched precision. However, this technique suffers from serious practical limitations that hinder its effective application to a broader set of situations. Here we propose a different strategy based on the fabrication of large cantilevers and on the culture of the cells directly on them. Cantilevers are fabricated by standard micromachining, with an active area of 300 × 300 µm. A wedged structure is created so that the cantilever surface lies parallel to the substrate when mounted on an AFM system, so that the adhesion measurement probes the whole surface area at the same time. Thanks to the large area, cells can be seeded and grown on the cantilevers the day before the experiment, and let recover to optimal condition for the experiment. We used Human Embryonic Kidney cells, HEK 293A, to demonstrate the measurement of adhesion forces of up to 100 cells in parallel, and obtain a straightforward measurement of the average single cell adhesion energy. Our approach can improve significantly the cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion statistics, reduce the experiment time and allow the investigation of the adhesion properties of cells that do not grow well in solution or on low adherent substrates, or that develop their characteristic features only after several hours or days of culture on a solid and adherent substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zanetti
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 34149, Trieste, Italy
- University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Suet Nee Chen
- Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045-2507, USA
| | - Martina Conti
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 34149, Trieste, Italy
- University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045-2507, USA
| | | | - Luisa Mestroni
- Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045-2507, USA
| | - Marco Lazzarino
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
- Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045-2507, USA.
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16
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Liu J, Li Z, Zhang T, Wang C, Chen W, Zhang D, Wang J. Long Noncoding RNA LINC00941 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Interacting with hnRNPK in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:2983-2995. [PMID: 35037538 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2027473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent carcinoma of the head, neck and mouth. Recently studies involving the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that play key regulatory roles in altering gene expression has been reported in the context of promoting tumorigenesis. However, the functions of lncRNAs in the context of oral squamous cell carcinoma have not been extensively described. In this study, we report a never identified before lncRNA, LINC00941, which was highly expressed in OSCC tissues and cells. Expression of LINC00941 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of OSCC cells In Vitro by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. In silico analyses revealed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) to be a strong positive regulator of LINC00941 activity. Experimental verification of this association revealed a direct interaction of LINC00941 and hnRNPK to induce cell growth and invasion by activating EMT in OSCC cells. Therefore, our study reports that LINC00941 promotes progression of OSCC by its interaction with hnRNPK, and it may present a promising strategy for diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, LiaoCheng, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Wijesinghe TP, Dharmasivam M, Dai CC, Richardson DR. Innovative therapies for neuroblastoma: The surprisingly potent role of iron chelation in up-regulating metastasis and tumor suppressors and down-regulating the key oncogene, N-myc. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105889. [PMID: 34536548 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an indispensable requirement for essential biological processes in cancer cells. Due to the greater proliferation of neoplastic cells, their demand for iron is considerably higher relative to normal cells, making them highly susceptible to iron depletion. Understanding this sensitive relationship led to research exploring the effect of iron chelation therapy for cancer treatment. The classical iron-binding ligand, desferrioxamine (DFO), has demonstrated effective anti-proliferative activity against many cancer-types, particularly neuroblastoma tumors, and has the surprising activity of down-regulating the potent oncogene, N-myc, which is a major oncogenic driver in neuroblastoma. Even more significant is the ability of DFO to simultaneously up-regulate the potent metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), which plays a plethora of roles in suppressing a variety of oncogenic signaling pathways. However, DFO suffers the disadvantage of demonstrating poor membrane permeability and short plasma half-life, requiring administration by prolonged subcutaneous or intravenous infusions. Considering this, the specifically designed di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone (DpT) series of metal-binding ligands was developed in our laboratory. The lead agent from the first generation DpT series, di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), showed exceptional anti-cancer properties compared to DFO. However, it exhibited cardiotoxicity in mouse models at higher dosages. Therefore, a second generation of agents was developed with the lead compound being di-2-pyridylketone-4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) that progressed to Phase I clinical trials. Importantly, DpC showed better anti-proliferative activity than Dp44mT and no cardiotoxicity, demonstrating effective anti-cancer activity against neuroblastoma tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharushi P Wijesinghe
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Mahendiran Dharmasivam
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Charles C Dai
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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18
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Zhao H, Hu H, Chen B, Xu W, Zhao J, Huang C, Xing Y, Lv H, Nie C, Wang J, He Y, Wang SQ, Chen XB. Overview on the Role of E-Cadherin in Gastric Cancer: Dysregulation and Clinical Implications. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:689139. [PMID: 34422902 PMCID: PMC8371966 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.689139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer death all over the world. E-cadherin encoded by human CDH1 gene plays important roles in tumorigenesis as well as in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. Full-length E-cadhrin tethered on the cell membrane mainly mediates adherens junctions between cells and is involved in maintaining the normal structure of epithelial tissues. After proteolysis, the extracellular fragment of the full-length E-cadhein is released into the extracellular environment and the blood, which is called soluble E-cadherin (sE-cadherin). sE-cadherin promots invasion and metastasis as a paracrine/autocrine signaling molecule in the progression of various types of cancer including gastric cancer. This review mainly summarizes the dysregulation of E-cadherin and the regulatory roles in the progression, invasion, metastasis, and drug-resistance, as well as its clinical applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichen Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huihui Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yishu Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huifang Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Nie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianzheng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunduan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sai-Qi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang J, Yang L, Li J. [Advances in Molecular Biomarker for Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 23:983-988. [PMID: 33203199 PMCID: PMC7679220 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.101.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a pathological subtype of lung neuroendocrine cancer, which accounts for 2.4%-3.1% in surgical specimens of lung cancer. It is characterized by high invasiveness and poor prognosis, and highly correlated with smoking. There are few relevant studies due to the low incidence and small sample size. Therefore, it is relatively difficult to diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice. In this review, we described molecular subtype, diagnostic and prognostic-related markers about large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung based on the recent progress in genomic sequencing and molecular markers, to find the direction for the next research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyao Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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20
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Cavaliere M, Bisogno A, Scarpa A, D'Urso A, Marra P, Colacurcio V, De Luca P, Ralli M, Cassandro E, Cassandro C. Biomarkers of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a review. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 54:151787. [PMID: 34242969 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal carcinoma is the second common malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract after lung cancer; in most cases is a squamous cell carcinoma, whose risk factors include tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Despite therapeutic progress, the five-year overall survival rate for this malignancy has remained nearly 50% and many patients already present metastasis at the time of diagnosis. To date, there are no tools that predict the evolution of laryngeal carcinoma: in this light, during the last years, many studies were planned with the aim to investigate the role played by different biomarkers expressed by larynx cancer, which can help make an early diagnosis, predict disease evolution and direct therapeutic choice. This review aims to summarize these markers and correlating them with disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cavaliere
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonella Bisogno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Scarpa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessia D'Urso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pasquale Marra
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vito Colacurcio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro De Luca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ettore Cassandro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Claudia Cassandro
- Surgical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10124 Turin, Italy
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21
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Alsisi A, Eftimie R, Trucu D. Non-local multiscale approach for the impact of go or grow hypothesis on tumour-viruses interactions. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:5252-5284. [PMID: 34517487 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose and study computationally a novel non-local multiscale moving boundary mathematical model for tumour and oncolytic virus (OV) interactions when we consider the go or grow hypothesis for cancer dynamics. This spatio-temporal model focuses on two cancer cell phenotypes that can be infected with the OV or remain uninfected, and which can either move in response to the extracellular-matrix (ECM) density or proliferate. The interactions between cancer cells, those among cancer cells and ECM, and those among cells and OV occur at the macroscale. At the micro-scale, we focus on the interactions between cells and matrix degrading enzymes (MDEs) that impact the movement of tumour boundary. With the help of this multiscale model we explore the impact on tumour invasion patterns of two different assumptions that we consider in regard to cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In particular we investigate model dynamics when we assume that cancer cell fluxes are the result of local advection in response to the density of extracellular matrix (ECM), or of non-local advection in response to cell-ECM adhesion. We also investigate the role of the transition rates between mainly-moving and mainly-growing cancer cell sub-populations, as well as the role of virus infection rate and virus replication rate on the overall tumour dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhamed Alsisi
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Raluca Eftimie
- Laboratoire Mathematiques de Besançon, UMR-CNRS 6623, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, Besançon, France
| | - Dumitru Trucu
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
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22
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Bao G, Xu R, Wang X, Ji J, Wang L, Li W, Zhang Q, Huang B, Chen A, Zhang D, Kong B, Yang Q, Yuan C, Wang X, Wang J, Li X. Identification of lncRNA Signature Associated With Pan-Cancer Prognosis. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 25:2317-2328. [PMID: 32991297 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.3027680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as potential prognostic markers in various human cancers as they participate in many malignant behaviors. However, the value of lncRNAs as prognostic markers among diverse human cancers is still under investigation, and a systematic signature based on these transcripts that related to pan-cancer prognosis has yet to be reported. In this study, we proposed a framework to incorporate statistical power, biological rationale, and machine learning models for pan-cancer prognosis analysis. The framework identified a 5-lncRNA signature (ENSG00000206567, PCAT29, ENSG00000257989, LOC388282, and LINC00339) from TCGA training studies (n = 1,878). The identified lncRNAs are significantly associated (all P ≤ 1.48E-11) with overall survival (OS) of the TCGA cohort (n = 4,231). The signature stratified the cohort into low- and high-risk groups with significantly distinct survival outcomes (median OS of 9.84 years versus 4.37 years, log-rank P = 1.48E-38) and achieved a time-dependent ROC/AUC of 0.66 at 5 years. After routine clinical factors involved, the signature demonstrated better performance for long-term prognostic estimation (AUC of 0.72). Moreover, the signature was further evaluated on two independent external cohorts (TARGET, n = 1,122; CPTAC, n = 391; National Cancer Institute) which yielded similar prognostic values (AUC of 0.60 and 0.75; log-rank P = 8.6E-09 and P = 2.7E-06). An indexing system was developed to map the 5-lncRNA signature to prognoses of pan-cancer patients. In silico functional analysis indicated that the lncRNAs are associated with common biological processes driving human cancers. The five lncRNAs, especially ENSG00000206567, ENSG00000257989 and LOC388282 that never reported before, may serve as viable molecular targets common among diverse cancers.
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23
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Wu W, Wang C, Wang F, Wang Y, Jin Y, Luo J, Wang M, Zhang C, Wang S, Zhang F, Li M. Silencing the COPB2 gene decreases the proliferation, migration and invasion of human triple-negative breast cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:792. [PMID: 34093748 PMCID: PMC8170640 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly invasive, has a high rate of recurrence and is associated with a poor clinical outcome when compared with non-TNBC due to a lack of effective and targeted treatments. The coatomer protein complex subunit β2 (COPB2) is upregulated in various types of malignant cancer. The present study demonstrated that COPB2 expression levels were significantly upregulated in breast carcinoma HS-578T cells (clonal cells originating from TNBC) when compared with non-TNBC MCF-7 cells. HS-578T cells also exhibited higher rates of proliferation, invasion and transendothelial migration when compared with MCF-7 cells. Moreover, it was identified that genetically silencing the COPB2 gene using a lentivirus-short hairpin RNA inhibited the proliferative, colony formation, migratory and invasive properties of the TNBC HS-578T cells. Mediation of the COPB2 silencing effect may be associated with regulating the phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase AKT in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results suggested the importance of COPB2 in promoting the proliferation of TNBC cells and identified COPB2 as a potential novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Jin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Chenli Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drug Development, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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24
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Vivek V, Nandy K, Bhatt S, Shah RA. Pseudovascular Adenoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Buccal Mucosa-a Rare Aggressive Variant. Indian J Surg Oncol 2021; 12:311-314. [PMID: 34295075 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-021-01335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudo-vascular adenoid squamous cell carcinoma (PASCC) is an uncommon histological variant. It is characterized by an acantholysis of the tumor cells and the formation of anastomosing spaces and channels. It gives a false appearance of glandular differentiation mimicking angiosarcoma. PASCC has been reported in the head and neck, as well as in other organs like the breast, lungs, urinary bladder, vulva, and the uterine cervix. We report a case of PASCC of the oral cavity in a recently operated case of squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vivek
- Department of Surgical Oncology Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India.,Thrissur, India
| | - Kunal Nandy
- Department of Surgical Oncology Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Supreet Bhatt
- Department of Surgical Oncology Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Rujuta Ankit Shah
- Department of Onco-pathology Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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25
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Akhlaghipour I, Bina AR, Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. Methylation as a critical epigenetic process during tumor progressions among Iranian population: an overview. Genes Environ 2021; 43:14. [PMID: 33883026 PMCID: PMC8059047 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main health challenges and leading causes of deaths in the world. Various environmental and genetic risk factors are associated with tumorigenesis. Epigenetic deregulations are also important risk factors during tumor progression which are reversible transcriptional alterations without any genomic changes. Various mechanisms are involved in epigenetic regulations such as DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, and noncoding RNAs. Cancer incidence and mortality have a growing trend during last decades among Iranian population which are significantly related to the late diagnosis. Therefore, it is required to prepare efficient molecular diagnostic panels for the early detection of cancer in this population. Promoter hyper methylation is frequently observed as an inhibitory molecular mechanism in various genes associated with DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis during tumor progression. Since aberrant promoter methylations have critical roles in early stages of neoplastic transformations, in present review we have summarized all of the aberrant methylations which have been reported during tumor progression among Iranian cancer patients. Aberrant promoter methylations are targetable and prepare novel therapeutic options for the personalized medicine in cancer patients. This review paves the way to introduce a non-invasive methylation specific panel of diagnostic markers for the early detection of cancer among Iranians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Bina
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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26
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Dey S, Das M. Differences in mechanical properties lead to anomalous phase separation in a model cell co-culture. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1842-1849. [PMID: 33403381 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00836b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the morphogenesis of tissues and tumors, cells often interact with neighbors with different mechanical properties, but the understanding of its role is lacking. We use active Brownian dynamics simulations to study a model co-culture consisting of two types of cells with the same size and self-propulsion speed, but different mechanical stiffness and cell-cell adhesion. As time evolves, the system phase separates out into clusters with distinct morphologies and transport properties for the two cell types. The density structure factors and the growth of cell clusters deviate from behavior characteristic of the phase separation in binary fluids. Our results capture emergent structure and motility previously observed in co-culture experiments and provide mechanistic insights into intercellular phase separation during development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supravat Dey
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.
| | - Moumita Das
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.
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27
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Unraveling the Molecular Tumor-Promoting Regulation of Cofilin-1 in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040725. [PMID: 33578795 PMCID: PMC7916621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Unraveling the mechanistic regulations that influence tumor behavior is an important step towards treatment. However, in vitro studies capture only small parts of the complex signaling cascades leading to tumor development. Mechanistic modeling, instead, allows a more holistic view of complex signaling pathways and their crosstalk. These models are able to suggest mechanistic regulations that can be validated by targeted and thus more cost-effective experiments. This article presents a logical model of pancreatic cancer cells with high cofilin-1 expression. The model includes migratory, proliferative, and apoptotic pathways as well as their crosstalk. Based on this model, mechanistic regulations affecting tumor promotion could be unraveled. Moreover, it was applied to screen for new therapeutic targets. The development of resistance mechanisms is a common limitation of cancer therapies. Therefore, new approaches are needed to identify optimal treatments. One is suggested in this article, indicating the surface protein CD44 as a promising target. Abstract Cofilin-1 (CFL1) overexpression in pancreatic cancer correlates with high invasiveness and shorter survival. Besides a well-documented role in actin remodeling, additional cellular functions of CFL1 remain poorly understood. Here, we unraveled molecular tumor-promoting functions of CFL1 in pancreatic cancer. For this purpose, we first show that a knockdown of CFL1 results in reduced growth and proliferation rates in vitro and in vivo, while apoptosis is not induced. By mechanistic modeling we were able to predict the underlying regulation. Model simulations indicate that an imbalance in actin remodeling induces overexpression and activation of CFL1 by acting on transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and aurora kinase A (AURKA). Moreover, we could predict that CFL1 impacts proliferation and apoptosis via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). These initial model-based regulations could be substantiated by studying protein levels in pancreatic cancer cell lines and human datasets. Finally, we identified the surface protein CD44 as a promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer patients with high CFL1 expression.
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Luo J, Liu L, Shen J, Zhou N, Feng Y, Zhang N, Sun Q, Zhu Y. miR‑576‑5p promotes epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer by targeting the Wnt5a‑mediated Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:94. [PMID: 33300054 PMCID: PMC7723166 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of malignancy and the third most commonly diagnosed form of cancer worldwide, ranking as the fourth leading cause of cancer‑associated mortality. MicroRNA (miR)‑576‑5p has been reported to be highly expressed in patients with CRC; however, its biological role remains unclear. The present study aimed therefore to investigate the biological role and underlying mechanism of miR‑576‑5p in CRC cell line SW480. The viability of SW480 cells following transfection with miR‑576‑5p mimic or inhibitor was analyzed using MTT assay. Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to determine the cell migratory and invasive abilities, respectively. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the predicted binding site between miR‑576‑5p and Wnt5a. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to analyze the expression levels of miR‑576‑5p, E‑cadherin, N‑cadherin, vimentin, Snail1, Wnt5a, β‑catenin, c‑myc, cyclin D1 and p/t‑c‑Jun. Using bioinformatics analysis, high expression of miR‑576‑5p was found not only in tumor tissues, compared with the normal tissue, but also in CRC cells, compared with NCM460 cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of miR‑576‑5p expression significantly decreased the cell viability and the migratory and invasive abilities of SW480 cells, and suppressed the epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, miR‑576‑5p could interact with Wnt5a and regulate the expression level of Wnt5a in order to influence the activity of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. The results from rescue experiments further demonstrated that the effect of miR‑576‑5p overexpression on cell metastasis and EMT was reversed by Wnt5a overexpression or treatment with XAV‑939, which is an inhibitor of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, the findings from the present study suggested that inhibition of miR‑576‑5p may suppress SW480 cell metastasis and EMT by targeting Wnt5a and regulating the Wnt5a‑mediated Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, providing a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Luo
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Luying Liu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Jinwen Shen
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Yanru Feng
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Quanquan Sun
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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29
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Daunys S, Petrikaitė V. The roles of carbonic anhydrases IX and XII in cancer cell adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis. Biol Cell 2020; 112:383-397. [PMID: 32894882 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The main function of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) in cancer cells is the pH regulation through a conversion of H2 O and CO2 to H+ and HCO3 - . However, the data of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that transmembrane isoforms of CA IX and CA XII are involved in various steps of cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. According to literature, inhibition of these CAs can affect the expression of multiple proteins. Some scientific groups have reported the possible interactions between CA IX and E-cadherin-catenin system, CA IX and integrins, CA IX, CA XII and ion transporters, which all are highly involved in cell-to-cell adhesion, the formation of membrane protrusions and focal adhesions. Nevertheless, CA IX and CA XII have a high impact on tumour growth and metastases formation. The data discussed in this review are quite recent. It highly support the role of CA IX and CA XII in various cancer metastasis processes through their interactions to other invasion proteins. Nevertheless, all findings show the great potential of these CAs in the context of research and application in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonas Daunys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania.,Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT-50162, Lithuania
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30
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Park KC, Paluncic J, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Pharmacological targeting and the diverse functions of the metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, in cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:154-175. [PMID: 31132412 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) is a potent metastasis suppressor that is regulated by hypoxia, metal ions including iron, the free radical nitric oxide (NO.), and various stress stimuli. This intriguing molecule exhibits diverse functions in cancer, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and angiogenesis by modulation of a plethora of oncogenes via cellular signaling. Thus, pharmacological targeting of NDRG1 signaling in cancer is a promising therapeutic strategy. Of note, novel anti-tumor agents of the di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone series, which exert the "double punch" mechanism by binding metal ions to form redox-active complexes, have been demonstrated to markedly up-regulate NDRG1 expression in cancer cells. This review describes the mechanisms underlying NDRG1 modulation by the thiosemicarbazones and the diverse effects NDRG1 exerts in cancer. As a major induction mechanism, iron depletion appears critical, with NO. also inducing NDRG1 through its ability to bind iron and generate dinitrosyl-dithiol iron complexes, which are then effluxed from cells. Apart from its potent anti-metastatic role, several studies have reported a pro-oncogenic role of NDRG1 in a number of cancer-types. Hence, it has been suggested that NDRG1 plays pleiotropic roles depending on the cancer-type. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying NDRG1 pleiotropy remain elusive, but are linked to differential regulation of WNT signaling and potentially differential interaction with the tumor suppressor, PTEN. This review discusses NDRG1 induction mechanisms by metal ions and NO. and both the anti- and possible pro-oncogenic functions of NDRG1 in multiple cancer-types and compares the opposite effects this protein exerts on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Jasmina Paluncic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
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31
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Shuttleworth R, Trucu D. Cell-Scale Degradation of Peritumoural Extracellular Matrix Fibre Network and Its Role Within Tissue-Scale Cancer Invasion. Bull Math Biol 2020; 82:65. [PMID: 32458057 PMCID: PMC7250813 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Local cancer invasion of tissue is a complex, multiscale process which plays an essential role in tumour progression. During the complex interaction between cancer cell population and the extracellular matrix (ECM), of key importance is the role played by both bulk two-scale dynamics of ECM fibres within collective movement of the tumour cells and the multiscale leading edge dynamics driven by proteolytic activity of the matrix-degrading enzymes (MDEs) that are secreted by the cancer cells. As these two multiscale subsystems share and contribute to the same tumour macro-dynamics, in this work we develop further the model introduced in Shuttleworth and Trucu (Bull Math Biol 81:2176–2219, 2019. 10.1007/s11538-019-00598-w) by exploring a new aspect of their interaction that occurs at the cell scale. Specifically, here we will focus on understanding the cell-scale cross talk between the micro-scale parts of these two multiscale subsystems which get to interact directly in the peritumoural region, with immediate consequences both for MDE micro-dynamics occurring at the leading edge of the tumour and for the cell-scale rearrangement of the naturally oriented ECM fibres in the peritumoural region, ultimately influencing the way tumour progresses in the surrounding tissue. To that end, we will propose a new modelling that captures the ECM fibres degradation not only at macro-scale in the bulk of the tumour but also explicitly in the micro-scale neighbourhood of the tumour interface as a consequence of the interactions with molecular fluxes of MDEs that exercise their spatial dynamics at the invasive edge of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Shuttleworth
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN Scotland, UK
| | - Dumitru Trucu
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN Scotland, UK
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32
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Sanjari M, Kordestani Z, Safavi M, Mashrouteh M, FekriSoofiAbadi M, Ghaseminejad Tafreshi A. Enhanced expression of Cyclin D1 and C-myc, a prognostic factor and possible mechanism for recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5100. [PMID: 32198408 PMCID: PMC7083882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct association has been shown between Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expressions and the proliferation of human thyroid tumor cells. Our previous study showed that increased β catenin led to a reduction in disease-free probability in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. This study was designed to investigate Cyclin D1 and C-myc genes as targets for β catenin function in PTC and to determine the association between genes expression and staging, recurrence, metastasis, and disease-free survival of PTC. This study was conducted via a thorough investigation of available data from medical records as well as paraffin blocks of 77 out of 400 patients over a 10-year period. Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expression levels were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate disease-free survival. Higher levels of Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expressions were observed in patients with recurrence by 8.5 (P = 0.004) and 19.5 (p = 0.0001) folds, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between Cyclin D1 expression and the cumulative dose of radioactive iodine received by patients (r = −0.2, p value = 0.03). The ten-year survival rate in the patients included in this study was 98.25% while disease-free survival was 48.1%. Higher Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expression levels were observed in patients with recurrence/distant metastasis. Inversely, lower expression of Cyclin D1 and C-myc genes were associated with better survival of patients (SD, 0.142-0.052) (Mantel-Cox test, P = 0.002). The enhancement of Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expression may be a potential mechanism for recurrence and aggressiveness of PTC.
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Romijn LB, Almet AA, Tan CW, Osborne JM. Modelling the effect of subcellular mutations on the migration of cells in the colorectal crypt. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:95. [PMID: 32126976 PMCID: PMC7053074 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-3391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many cancers arise from mutations in cells within epithelial tissues. Mutations manifesting at the subcellular level influence the structure and function of the tissue resulting in cancer. Previous work has proposed how cell level properties can lead to mutant cell invasion, but has not incorporated detailed subcellular modelling Results We present a framework that allows the straightforward integration and simulation of SBML representations of subcellular dynamics within multiscale models of epithelial tissues. This allows us to investigate the effect of mutations in subcellular pathways on the migration of cells within the colorectal crypt. Using multiple models we find that mutations in APC, a key component in the Wnt signalling pathway, can bias neutral drift and can also cause downward invasion of mutant cells in the crypt. Conclusions Our framework allows us to investigate how subcellular mutations, i.e. knockouts and knockdowns, affect cell-level properties and the resultant migration of cells within epithelial tissues. In the context of the colorectal crypt, we see that mutations in APC can lead directly to mutant cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte B Romijn
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Axel A Almet
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Chin Wee Tan
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James M Osborne
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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34
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Leite KRM. Plasmocytoid urothelial carcinoma - clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular aspects. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-020-0056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPlasmacytoid (PUC) variant is a rare and aggressive form of urothelial cancer representing 1 to 3% of the bladder cancer. The main differential diagnosis is the bladder involvement by lymphoma-plasmocytoma or metastasis from lobular breast cancer or diffuse gastric cancer. Immunexpression of cytokeratin 7 and GATA3 is the rule, but CD138 may be positive in high percentage of cases. CDH1 somatic mutation or, more rarely, methylation of the gene promoter is the main genetic characteristic of PUC, but germinative mutation is always negative. The recognition of this special histology is very important for the correct management of the patients because of the high rate of positive surgical margins and atypical disease progression. PUC is responsive to cisplatin-based chemotherapy but recurrence is the rule. Peritoneal dissemination is frequent and cancer specific mortality is as high as 56% in a range of 19 to 23 months.
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Zhou S, Yang J, Wang M, Zheng D, Liu Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in human lens epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:173-180. [PMID: 31746423 PMCID: PMC6896292 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) serve an important role in cataract formation. The endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ER stress) has been demonstrated to regulate EMT in a number of tissues. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the role of ER stress on EMT in HLECs. HLECs were treated with tunicamycin (TM) or thapsigargin (TG) to disturb ER homeostasis, and 4‑phenylbutyric acid (PBA) or sodium tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA) to restore ER homeostasis. Cell morphology was evaluated after 24 h. The long axis and aspect ratio of the cells were analyzed using ImageJ software. The results demonstrated that HLECs adopted an elongated morphology following treatment with TG, and the cellular aspect ratio increased. However, this morphological change was not observed following combination treatment with TG and PBA. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to measure the protein expression levels. A wound‑healing assay was performed to evaluate cell migration. Treatment with TM or TG increased the expression of the ER stress markers glucose‑regulated protein 78, phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, activating transcription factor (ATF)6, ATF4 and inositol‑requiring protein 1α and the EMT markers fibronectin, vimentin, α‑smooth muscle actin and neural cadherin. Furthermore, treatment with TM or TG decreased the expression of the epithelial cell marker epithelial cadherin and enhanced cell migration, which effects were inhibited following treatment with PBA or TUDCA. These results indicates that enhanced ER stress induced EMT and subsequently increased cell migration in HLECs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Danying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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The Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: Molecular and Cell Biology Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225615. [PMID: 31717614 PMCID: PMC6888544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of endometriosis is a multifactorial process resulting in a heterogeneous disease. Considering that endometriosis etiology and pathogenesis are still far from being fully elucidated, the current review aims to offer a comprehensive summary of the available evidence. We performed a narrative review synthesizing the findings of the English literature retrieved from computerized databases from inception to June 2019, using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) unique ID term “Endometriosis” (ID:D004715) with “Etiology” (ID:Q000209), “Immunology” (ID:Q000276), “Genetics” (ID:D005823) and “Epigenesis, Genetic” (ID:D044127). Endometriosis may origin from Müllerian or non-Müllerian stem cells including those from the endometrial basal layer, Müllerian remnants, bone marrow, or the peritoneum. The innate ability of endometrial stem cells to regenerate cyclically seems to play a key role, as well as the dysregulated hormonal pathways. The presence of such cells in the peritoneal cavity and what leads to the development of endometriosis is a complex process with a large number of interconnected factors, potentially both inherited and acquired. Genetic predisposition is complex and related to the combined action of several genes with limited influence. The epigenetic mechanisms control many of the processes involved in the immunologic, immunohistochemical, histological, and biological aberrations that characterize the eutopic and ectopic endometrium in affected patients. However, what triggers such alterations is not clear and may be both genetically and epigenetically inherited, or it may be acquired by the particular combination of several elements such as the persistent peritoneal menstrual reflux as well as exogenous factors. The heterogeneity of endometriosis and the different contexts in which it develops suggest that a single etiopathogenetic model is not sufficient to explain its complex pathobiology.
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Fan X, Jin S, Li Y, Khadaroo PA, Dai Y, He L, Zhou D, Lin H. Genetic And Epigenetic Regulation Of E-Cadherin Signaling In Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8947-8963. [PMID: 31802937 PMCID: PMC6801489 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s225606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is well known as a growth and invasion suppressor and belongs to the large cadherin family. Loss of E-cadherin is widely known as the hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) with the involvement of transcription factors such as Snail, Slug, Twist and Zeb1/2. Tumor cells undergoing EMT could migrate to distant sites and become metastases. Recently, numerous studies have revealed how the expression of E-cadherin is regulated by different kinds of genetic and epigenetic alteration, which are implicated in several crucial transcription factors and pathways. E-cadherin signaling plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression considering the highly mutated frequency of CTNNB1 (27%). Combining the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and previous studies, we have summarized the roles of gene mutations, chromosome instability, DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA in E-cadherin in HCC. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the relationship between these modifications and HCC. Perspectives on E-cadherin-related research in HCC are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxi Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yirun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Parikshit Asutosh Khadaroo
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yili Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng He
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Daizhan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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38
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Shuttleworth R, Trucu D. Multiscale dynamics of a heterotypic cancer cell population within a fibrous extracellular matrix. J Theor Biol 2019; 486:110040. [PMID: 31604075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Local cancer cell invasion is a complex process involving many cellular and tissue interactions and is an important prerequisite for metastatic spread, the main cause of cancer related deaths. As a tumour increases in malignancy, the cancer cells adopt the ability to mutate into secondary cell subpopulations giving rise to a heterogeneous tumour. This new cell subpopulation often carries higher invasive abilities and permits a quicker spread of the tumour. Building upon the recent multiscale modelling framework for cancer invasion within a fibrous ECM introduced in Shuttleworth and Trucu, (2019), in this paper we consider the process of local invasion by a heterotypic tumour consisting of two cancer cell populations mixed with a two-phase ECM. To that end, we address the double feedback link between the tissue-scale cancer dynamics and the cell-scale molecular processes through the development of a two-part modelling framework that crucially incorporates the multiscale dynamic redistribution of oriented fibres occurring within a two-phase extra-cellular matrix and combines this with the multiscale leading edge dynamics exploring key matrix-degrading enzymes molecular processes along the tumour interface that drive the movement of the cancer boundary. The modelling framework will be accompanied by computational results that explore the effects of the underlying fibre network on the overall pattern of cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dumitru Trucu
- University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 4HN, United Kingdom.
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Zhou Q, Chen S, Lu M, Luo Y, Wang G, Xiao Y, Ju L, Wang X. EFEMP2 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human bladder cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2139-2155. [PMID: 31592144 PMCID: PMC6775297 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 2 (EFEMP2), an extracellular matrix protein, is highly associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. However, influenced by the tumor microenvironment, EFEMP2 played different roles in different tumors. The current study focused on exploring the role of EFEMP2 in bladder cancer (BCa). The results suggested that the expression of EFEMP2 was significantly higher in normal tissues and cells compared with BCa samples and cells. And we found a negative correlation between EFEMP2 expression and high tumor stage, high tumor grade, patients with low EFEMP2 expression had a much poorer survival than those patients with high EFEMP2 expression. The multivariate analysis revealed that low EFEMP2 expression was a high-risk predictor of BCa survival. Furthermore, cell proliferation, migration and metastasis can be obviously affected by the changes of EFEMP2 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Our results also turned out that knockdown of EFEMP2 could significantly reduce the epithelial marker (E-cadherin), increase mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail and Slug) as well as the key factors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1). The reversed results were found in the EFEMP2 overexpression cells. Importantly, the related expression changes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway factors induced by EFEMP2 upregulation or downregulation can be rescued using LiCl or XAV939. Collectively, our observations revealed that EFEMP2 is a blocker of tumor progression and metastasis in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxin Lu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongwen Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Urological Clinical Research Center of Laparoscopy in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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40
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Zhang J, Li K, Zhang Y, Lu R, Wu S, Tang J, Xia Y, Sun J. Deletion of sorting nexin 27 suppresses proliferation in highly aggressive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:555. [PMID: 31182056 PMCID: PMC6558813 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorting Nexin 27 (SNX27) belongs to a family of sortin nexins and possesses a unique binding domain at the C-terminus which mediates protein-protein interaction in intracellular trafficking, membrane remodeling, organelle motility, and tight junctions. However, its role in cancer development, especially in vivo, remains largely unknown. METHODS We have generated a stable SNX27 knockdown clone in a highly aggressive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 using an inducible lentiviral shRNA system. Cell migration and proliferation of SNX27 knockdown (KD) cells were compared with wild-type (WT) cells by MTT and wound healing assay, respectively. The differences in colony formation between SNX27-KD and WT cells were detected by soft agar culture and matrigel 3D culture. Furthermore, tumor growth was examined in a xenograft nude mouse model using SNX27-KD and WT MDA-MB-231 cells. The critical EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) regulators were examined in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The wound healing assay showed that SNX27 knockdown significantly decreased cell motility and proliferation. Colony formation in soft agar showed that the SNX27 knockdown cells formed significantly fewer and smaller colonies than the parental MDA-MB-231 cells. Western blots and immunostaining showed that knockdown of SNX27 led to increased expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins, which facilitate adhesion formation and reverse EMT. EMT is a cellular program that allows polarized, immotile epithelial cells to convert to motile mesenchymal cells, promoting carcinoma invasion. The expression levels of Vimentin, the transcription factor of EMT, and tight junction protein Claudin-5, were significantly diminished in the SNX27 knockdown cells. The expression of PCNA, the cell proliferation marker, was increased in SNX27-KD cells transfected with E-cadherin siRNA. In a xenograft nude mouse model, we found that knockdown of SNX27 significantly inhibited tumor growth. The tumors from mice with SNX27-KD cells showed less proliferation compared to tumors from mice injected with wildtype cells. The increase in E-cadherin and β-catenin and decrease in Vimentin and Claudin-5 were observed in tumors of mice injected with SNX27-KD cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data have demonstrated that SNX27 plays a crucial role in tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kendy Li
- Liberal Arts & Human Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Yongguo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jingrong Tang
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Apigenin inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human colon cancer cells through NF-κB/Snail signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190452. [PMID: 30967496 PMCID: PMC6522743 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in tumor metastasis of colon cancer. We first evaluated the effects of EMT-related transcription factors on the prognosis of colon cancer through analysis the data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). And then we screened a series of Chinese medicine monomers to find effect EMT inhibitors. First, Snail is a more important EMT transcription factors for colon cancer prognosis, compared with Twist and Slug. Then, we found that apigenin effectively inhibits the activity of Snail. Apigenin could inhibit the EMT, migration, and invasion of human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through the NF-κB/Snail pathway. Snail is a key regulator of EMT in colon cancer and Snail inhibitor apigenin may be a therapeutic application for patients with colon cancer.
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42
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Qian S, Tan X, Liu X, Liu P, Wu Y. Exosomal Tenascin-c induces proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by WNT signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3197-3205. [PMID: 31118672 PMCID: PMC6499136 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s192218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal malignancies. PDAC has an unfavorable prognosis and a 5-year survival rate of less than 6%. Early diagnosis is difficult and the disease progresses rapidly. Local invasion and distant metastases are the underlying reasons for PDAC patient death. Materials and Methods: By exosome proteomic analysis of homologous cell lines, we identified several proteins that distinguished highly- from less-invasive pancreatic cancer cells in situ. The third most prominent protein, Tenascin-c (TNC), was chosen to assess effects on the malignant characteristics of pancreatic cancer cells. Results: Silencing of TNC by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in the cell lines PC-1.0 and Aspc-1 changed cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. TNC expression was found to be positively related to proliferation and apoptosis, with each of these two processes reinforcing the other and regulated by the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. TNC was found to promote PDAC cell line epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions: This study demonstrated exosomal TNC to be closely associated with malignant features of pancreatic cancer cells including local invasion and distant metastasis. Hence, TNC is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of PDAC invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songying Qian
- First Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- First Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlu Liu
- First Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- First Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhao Wu
- First Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Multiscale Modelling of Fibres Dynamics and Cell Adhesion within Moving Boundary Cancer Invasion. Bull Math Biol 2019; 81:2176-2219. [PMID: 30980344 PMCID: PMC6612324 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-019-00598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recognised as one of the hallmarks of cancer, local cancer cell invasion is a complex multiscale process that combines the secretion of matrix-degrading enzymes with a series of altered key cell processes (such as abnormal cell proliferation and changes in cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion leading to enhanced migration) to degrade important components of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) and this way spread further in the human tissue. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the invasion process, we pay special attention to the interacting dynamics between the cancer cell population and various constituents of the surrounding tumour microenvironment. To that end, we consider the key role that ECM plays within the human body tissue, and in particular we focus on the special contribution of its fibrous proteins components, such as collagen and fibronectin, which play an important part in cell proliferation and migration. In this work, we consider the two-scale dynamic cross-talk between cancer cells and a two-component ECM (consisting of both a fibre and a non-fibre phase). To that end, we incorporate the interlinked two-scale dynamics of cell–ECM interactions within the tumour support that contributes simultaneously both to cell adhesion and to the dynamic rearrangement and restructuring of the ECM fibres. Furthermore, this is embedded within a multiscale moving boundary approach for the invading cancer cell population, in the presence of cell adhesion at the tissue scale and cell-scale fibre redistribution activity and leading edge matrix-degrading enzyme molecular proteolytic processes. The overall modelling framework will be accompanied by computational results that will explore the impact on cancer invasion patterns of different levels of cell adhesion in conjunction with the continuous ECM fibres rearrangement.
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BenAyed-Guerfali D, Dabbèche-Bouricha E, Ayadi W, Trifa F, Charfi S, Khabir A, Sellami-Boudawara T, Mokdad-Gargouri R. Association of FOXA1 and EMT markers (Twist1 and E-cadherin) in breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3247-3255. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dai G, Sun B, Gong T, Pan Z, Meng Q, Ju W. Ginsenoside Rb2 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells by suppressing TGF-β/Smad signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 56:126-135. [PMID: 30668333 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treating colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a clinical challenge. Studies have shown that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in tumor progression and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling has been shown to play a crucial role in EMT. Here, we investigate the inhibition effect of Ginsenoside Rb2, main bioactive component of ginseng, in human colorectal cancer cells via TGF-β1. PURPOSE The current study aims to study the inhibitory effect of Ginsenoside Rb2 on HCT116 and SW620 cells and its anti-tumor mechanism. METHODS Histomorphological analysis and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate expression of TGF-β1 in human cancerous colon samples and the adjacent normal samples. The docking simulation assay were performed to explore the potential mode of binding of Ginsenoside Rb2 to the TGF-β1 protein. CCK8, adhesion and invasion assay were used to assess the effects of Ginsenoside Rb2 in HCT116 and SW620 cells. RT-PCR, Western blot and Immunohistochemical staining were employed to detect the TGF-β1-related signaling pathways in the colon cancer cells and/or xenograft mice. RESULTS The expression of TGF-β1 in human cancerous colon samples was significantly increased compared with the adjacent normal samples. Ginsenoside Rb2 inhibit the growth, adhesion, EMT and metastasis of human colorectal cancer cells. The docking simulation assay confirmed that Ginsenoside Rb2 bound to the hydrophobic pocket of TGF-β1, which partially overlaps with the binding sites on TGF-β1, and thus disrupted TGF-β1 dimerization. Western Blot analysis further confirmed that Ginsenoside Rb2 could inhibit the expression of TGF-β1 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Ginsenoside Rb2 could inhibit the expression of Smad4 and phosphorylated Smad2/3. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Rb2 could inhibit EMT of colorectal cancer cells through the TGF-β1/Smad signaling, and might be a potential candidate for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bingting Sun
- TCM Research Institution, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinghai Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenzheng Ju
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Kampo S, Ahmmed B, Zhou T, Owusu L, Anabah TW, Doudou NR, Kuugbee ED, Cui Y, Lu Z, Yan Q, Wen QP. Scorpion Venom Analgesic Peptide, BmK AGAP Inhibits Stemness, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Down-Regulating PTX3 in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:21. [PMID: 30740360 PMCID: PMC6355678 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A scorpion peptide reported to exhibit both analgesic and antitumor activity in animal models may present as an alternative therapeutic agent for breast cancer. We aimed to investigate the effect of Buthus martensii Karsch antitumor-analgesic peptide (BmK AGAP) on breast cancer cell stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with different concentrations of rBmK AGAP and observed that rBmK AGAP inhibited cancer cell stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion. Analysis by qPCR, ELISA, western blot, immunofluorescence staining, sphere formation, colony assay, transwell migration, and invasion assays demonstrated rBmK AGAP treatment decreased the expressions of Oct4, Sox2, N-cadherin, Snail, and increased the expression of E-cadherin. rBmK AGAP inhibited breast cancer cell stemness, EMT, migration, and invasion by down-regulating PTX3 through NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling Pathway in vitro and in vivo. Xenograft tumor model confirmed inhibition of tumor growth, stem-like features, and EMT by rBmK AGAP. Thus, rBmK AGAP is a potential therapeutic agent against breast cancer and related pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvanus Kampo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, School of Medicine and Health Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Bulbul Ahmmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lawrence Owusu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Thomas Winsum Anabah
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, School of Medicine and Health Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | | | - Eugene Dogkotenge Kuugbee
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Health Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhili Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qing-Ping Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Re M, Gioacchini FM, Scarpa A, Cassandro C, Tulli M, Cassandro E. The prognostic significance of E-cadherin expression in laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 38:504-510. [PMID: 30499566 PMCID: PMC6325659 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically review publications that investigated the prognostic role of E-cadherin immunostaining in patients affected by laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. An appropriate string was run on PubMed to retrieve articles dealing with this topic. A double cross-check was performed on citations and full-text articles by two authors independently to analyse all manuscripts and perform a comprehensive quality assessment. Among 89 abstracts identified, 13 articles were included. These studies reported on 1,121 patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Overall, there were 10 studies that showed a significant correlation between E-cadherin immunohistochemical expression and at least one of the clinical and histopathological parameters considered by the authors. In particular E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with N stage (five studies), grading (four studies) and disease-free survival/disease-specific survival (six studies). In conclusion, the findings of our review appear similar to the results published by other authors on the putative role of E-cadherin in progression of malignancy. In fact, for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma it seems that lower levels of E-cadherin correlate with increased tumoural aggressiveness and worse prognosis. Nevertheless, further high-quality prospective studies should be carried out to clarify if E-cadherin expression may be considered as an independent prognostic factor for patients affected by laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Re
- ENT Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - F M Gioacchini
- ENT Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Scarpa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - C Cassandro
- Surgical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Italy
| | - M Tulli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Cassandro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy
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张 佳, 胡 国, 刘 磊, 陈 伙, 李 丹, 梁 卫. [Silencing of SLP-2 inhibits the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:812-817. [PMID: 33168500 PMCID: PMC6765530 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.07.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of SLP-2 silencing on the migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cells and explore the mechanism. METHODS Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown the expression of SLP-2 in Hela cells and Siha cells. At 48 h after the transfection, the cells were examined for SLP-2 expression with Western blotting, and wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to evaluate the changes in the cell migration; Matrigel Transwell assay was used to evaluate the changes in the invasion ability of the cells. The expressions of E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and Twist in Hela and Siha cells following the transfection were detected with Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the control cells, siRNA transfection significantly lowered the expression of SLP-2 and suppressed the migration and invasion ability of Hela cells and Siha cells (P < 0.01). Silencing SLP-2 induced obvious up-regulation of epithelial cell phenotype proteins E-cadherin and β-catenin, down- regulated the expression of interstitial cell phenotype protein vimentin, and lowered the expression of Twist in the cells. CONCLUSIONS Silencing SLP-2 via siRNA transfection can inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human cervical cancer cells and lower their migration and invasion abilities possibly in relation with downregulated expression of Twist.
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Affiliation(s)
- 佳露 张
- 南方医科大学南方医院肿瘤内科，广东 广州 510515Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 国林 胡
- 清远市人民医院肿瘤内科，广东 清远 511500Department of Oncology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - 磊 刘
- 南方医科大学南方医院肿瘤内科，广东 广州 510515Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 伙娣 陈
- 南方医科大学南方医院肿瘤内科，广东 广州 510515Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 丹娟 李
- 南方医科大学南方医院肿瘤内科，广东 广州 510515Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 卫江 梁
- 南方医科大学南方医院肿瘤内科，广东 广州 510515Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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β-Catenin gene promoter hypermethylation by reactive oxygen species correlates with the migratory and invasive potentials of colon cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:569-580. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Shi X, Yang J, Wei G. Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh2 exerts anti-cancer activity through the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway in human cervical cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4811-4816. [PMID: 29363731 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh2 (GRh2) is a bioactive compound derived from ginseng that is believed to maintain health in traditional Chinese medicine. Emerging evidence has suggested that GRh2 exhibits anti‑cancer activity. The present study hypothesized that GRh2 has an anti‑cancer function in human cervical cancer cells. An MTS assay demonstrated that GRh2 attenuated proliferation of HeLa cells in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. In addition, GRh2 inhibited migration and invasion, as determined by wound healing and transwell invasion assays, respectively. Furthermore, GRh2 treatment reduced expression of mesenchymal markers N‑cadherin and vimentin as well as epithelial mesenchymal transition transcriptional factor zinc finger E‑box‑binding homeobox 1 and snail1, and increased the protein expression levels of epithelial marker E‑cadherin. In addition, the results revealed that GRh2 prevented activation of the protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β signaling pathway in HeLa cells. In conclusion, the results suggested that GRh2 inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation by targeting the Akt pathway, and prevents cervical cancer cell migration and invasion by suppressing the Akt/GSK3β regulated EMT process, and therefore, GRh2 may have the potential to be a novel anti‑cancer agent for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ji Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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