1
|
Sabetkam S, Kalarestaghi H, Mazloumi Z, Dizaji Asl K, Norouzi N, Rafat A. The dysfunction of natural killer cells is essential for the development of type 1 diabetes. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154556. [PMID: 37216747 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells by immune cells. In general, environmental and genetic factors can lead to immunological self-tolerance in TID. It is clear that the innate immune system, especially natural killer (NK) cells, is involved in the pathogenesis of T1D. Aberrant NK cell frequencies associated with dysregulation of inhibitory and activating receptors contribute to the initiation and progression of T1D. As T1D is incurable and the metabolic disturbances caused by T1D severely impact patients, a better understanding of NK cell behavior in T1D may facilitate disease treatment strategies. The current review focuses on the role of NK cell receptors in T1D and also highlights ongoing efforts to manipulate key checkpoints in NK cell-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Sabetkam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kyrenia, Mersin 10, Kyrenia, Turkey; Department of Histopathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medical sciences, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Kalarestaghi
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cell, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mazloumi
- Department of Medical Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Dizaji Asl
- Department of Histopathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medical sciences, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahid Norouzi
- Nursing Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Rafat
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gianchecchi E, Delfino DV, Fierabracci A. NK cells in autoimmune diseases: Linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:142-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
3
|
Akar HH, Patiroglu T, Sevinc E, Aslan D, Okdemir D, Kurtoglu S. Contribution of KIR genes, HLA class I ligands, and KIR/HLA class I ligand combinations on the genetic predisposition to celiac disease and coexisting celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2015; 107:547-53. [PMID: 26334461 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2015.3817/2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGOUND AND AIM There are some common genetic features between celiac disease (CD) and diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM). However, the genetic risk factors have not been fully clarified for CD and the co-occurrence of CD and DM. KIR (killer immunoglobulin-like receptor) genes regulate the cytolitic activity of NK-cells and T lymphocytes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the contribution of KIR genes, KIR ligands, and combinations of KIR/ KIR ligands on the genetic predisposition to CD and co-occurrence of CD and DM. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty six patients with CD (n = 46), 20 patients with CD+DM (n = 20), and 60 healthy controls (n = 60) were included in this study. KIR genes and KIR ligands were investigated with PCR-SSOP and PCR-SSP in all subjects, respectively. RESULTS This study showed that while the telomeric KIR genes (2DS5 and 3DS1), and combinations of 3DS1+HLA-BBw4-Thrand 3DS1+HLA-BBw4-Iso- (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively) were observed more frequently in patients with CD than in controls, the 2DS5, 3DS1 KIR genes, C1 ligand, and combinations of 3DS1+HLA-BBw4-Thr- and 3DS1+HLA-BBw4-Iso- (p = 0.002, p = 0.004, p = 0.036, p < 0.001, and p = 0.007, respectively) were observed more frequently in patients with CD+DM than in controls. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that some KIR genes, KIR ligands, and KIR/KIR ligand interactions may be responsible for a predisposition to CD and the coexistence of CD and DM. For development of coexisting CD and DM, the 2DS5 and 3DS1 genes, C1 ligand, and combinations of 3DS1+HLA-BBw4-Thr- and 3DS1+HLA-BBw4-Iso- were found to be risk factors.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin L, Ma C, Wei B, Aziz N, Rajalingam R, Yusung S, Erlich HA, Trachtenberg EA, Targan SR, McGovern DPB, Heath JR, Braun J. Human NK cells licensed by killer Ig receptor genes have an altered cytokine program that modifies CD4+ T cell function. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:940-9. [PMID: 24935928 PMCID: PMC4096688 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are innate immune cells known for their cytolytic activities toward tumors and infections. They are capable of expressing diverse killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs), and KIRs are implicated in susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease. However, the cellular mechanism of this genetic contribution is unknown. In this study, we show that the "licensing" of NK cells, determined by the presence of KIR2DL3 and homozygous HLA-C1 in host genome, results in their cytokine reprogramming, which permits them to promote CD4(+) T cell activation and Th17 differentiation ex vivo. Microfluidic analysis of thousands of NK single cells and bulk secretions established that licensed NK cells are more polarized to proinflammatory cytokine production than unlicensed NK cells, including production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, CCL-5, and MIP-1β. Cytokines produced by licensed NK augmented CD4(+) T cell proliferation and IL-17A/IL-22 production. Ab blocking indicated a primary role for IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the augmented T cell-proliferative response. In conclusion, NK licensing mediated by KIR2DL2/3 and HLA-C1 elicits a novel NK cytokine program that activates and induces proinflammatory CD4(+) T cells, thereby providing a potential biologic mechanism for KIR-associated susceptibility to CD and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Chao Ma
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Najib Aziz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Susy Yusung
- Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Henry A Erlich
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609
| | | | - Stephan R Targan
- Translational Genomics Group, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- Translational Genomics Group, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048; Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - James R Heath
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; NanoSystems Biology Cancer Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pasha I, Saeed F, Sultan MT, Batool R, Aziz M, Ahmed W. Wheat Allergy and Intolerence; Recent Updates and Perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 56:13-24. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.659818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
6
|
Wiśniewski A, Wagner M, Nowak I, Bilińska M, Pokryszko-Dragan A, Jasek M, Kuśnierczyk P. 6.7-kbp deletion in LILRA3 (ILT6) gene is associated with later onset of the multiple sclerosis in a Polish population. Hum Immunol 2012; 74:353-7. [PMID: 23238213 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently published studies have implicated the deletion polymorphism in LILRA3 gene, as being associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). A total of 309 patients diagnosed with MS and 379 unrelated healthy volunteers were typed for 6.7-kbp deletion in LILRA3 gene. Simultaneously, presence or absence of HLA-DRB1(∗)1501 allele was established to assess the possibility of interaction between LILRA3 deletion and HLA-DRB1(∗)1501 status. In contrast to previous reports, we did not find any association of LILRA3 deletion with MS susceptibility. Also, the HLA-DRB1(∗)1501 stratification analysis showed no LILRA3 association with the disease. However, we observed that patients negative for the deletion may begin to suffer from MS significantly earlier than patients who are positive (p = 0.014). Similarly to the most European populations we found significantly higher frequency of HLA-DRB1(∗)1501 allele in cases than we found in controls (27.0% vs. 12.5%; p < 0.0001, OR = 2.6, 95%CI = 1.96-3.42).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wiśniewski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fernandez-Jimenez N, Castellanos-Rubio A, Plaza-Izurieta L, Gutierrez G, Castaño L, Vitoria JC, Bilbao JR. Analysis of beta-defensin and Toll-like receptor gene copy number variation in celiac disease. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:833-6. [PMID: 20483368 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder of the gut in which innate and adaptive responses are involved. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 participate in host defense through antigen recognition, and show altered expression in CD gut mucosa. beta-defensins are inducible antimicrobial peptides, and DEFB gene copy number polymorphisms have been associated with autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. We performed copy number analysis of TLR2, TLR4, and the beta-defensin cluster (DEFB4, DEFB103 and DEFB104) by gene-specific, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 376 CD patients and 376 controls. TLR genes did not show copy number variation, and all samples presented with two copies. beta-defensin clusters varied between 2 and 9 copies per genome, and when grouped into bins, high copy numbers (>4) were underrepresented among patients (p = 0.023; odds ratio = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.50-0.96), suggesting that increased copy numbers could protect from CD, possibly by impeding bacterial infiltration more efficiently and preserving gut epithelial integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Fernandez-Jimenez
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital de Cruces, Barakaldo-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Montgomery BCS, Mewes J, Davidson C, Burshtyn DN, Stafford JL. Cell surface expression of channel catfish leukocyte immune-type receptors (IpLITRs) and recruitment of both Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-1 and SHP-2. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 33:570-582. [PMID: 19013191 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Channel catfish leukocyte immune-type receptors (IpLITRs) are immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) members believed to play a role in the control and coordination of cellular immune responses in teleost. Putative stimulatory and inhibitory IpLITRs are co-expressed by different types of catfish immune cells (e.g. NK cells, T cells, B cells, and macrophages) but their signaling potential has not been determined. Following cationic polymer-mediated transfections into human cell lines we examined the surface expression, tyrosine phosphorylation, and phosphatase recruitment potential of two types of putative inhibitory IpLITRs using 'chimeric' expression constructs and an epitope-tagged 'native' IpLITR. We also cloned and expressed the teleost Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases (SHP)-1 and SHP-2 and examined their expression in adult tissues and developing zebrafish embryos. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments support the inhibitory signaling potential of distinct IpLITR-types that bound both SHP-1 and SHP-2 following the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues within their cytoplasmic tail (CYT) regions. Phosphatase recruitment by IpLITRs represents an important first step in understanding their influence on immune cell effector functions and suggests that certain inhibitory signaling pathways are conserved among vertebrates.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mahfouz RA, Sabbagh AS, Shamseddine W, Bazarbachi A, Ibrahim G, Arayssi T, Hajj NE, Rayes R, Zaatari GS, Khazen G, Khalaf RA. Distribution of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin–like Receptor (KIR) Genotypes in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2009; 13:91-5. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2008.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rami A.R. Mahfouz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amira S. Sabbagh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Natural Sciences Division, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Wael Shamseddine
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Thourayya Arayssi
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nady El Hajj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roni Rayes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghazi S. Zaatari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Khazen
- Department of Bioinformatics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roy A. Khalaf
- Natural Sciences Division, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pavlova Y, Kolesar L, Striz I, Jabor A, Slavcev A. Distribution of KIR genes in the Czech population. Int J Immunogenet 2008; 35:57-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
11
|
Nakayama M, Underhill DM, Petersen TW, Li B, Kitamura T, Takai T, Aderem A. Paired Ig-like receptors bind to bacteria and shape TLR-mediated cytokine production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:4250-9. [PMID: 17371981 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.7.4250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system uses a wide variety of pattern recognition receptors including TLRs, scavenger receptors, and lectins to identify potential pathogens. A carefully regulated balance between activation and inhibition must be kept to avoid detrimental and inappropriate inflammatory responses. In this study, we identify murine-paired Ig-like receptor (PIR)-B, and its human orthologs Ig-like transcript 2 and Ig-like transcript 5 as novel receptors for Staphylococcus aureus. PIR-B contains four ITIM motifs and is thought to be an inhibitory receptor. Expression of these receptors enables NIH3T3 cells to bind S. aureus. In mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, masking of PIR-B by anti-PIR mAb or genetic deletion of PIR-B shows significantly impaired recognition of S. aureus and enhanced TLR-mediated inflammatory responses to the bacteria. These data suggest a novel mechanism for innate immune regulation by paired Ig-like receptor family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Nakayama
- Institute for Systems Biology, 1441 North 34th Street, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rayes R, Bazarbachi A, Khazen G, Sabbagh A, Zaatari G, Mahfouz R. Natural Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) Genotypes in two Arab Populations: Will KIR become a genetic landmark between nations? Mol Biol Rep 2007; 35:225-9. [PMID: 17385087 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-007-9074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genotypic profiles of the Natural killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) have been reported to vary among different ethnic groups and this study represents a comparative report on its distribution between two Arabic populations in the Middle East: Lebanese and Palestinians. Our compared population samples included 120 unrelated healthy Lebanese (as per Mahfouz et al.) and a Palestinian population of 105 individuals (as per Norman et al.). All had their DNA typed using Sequence Specific Primer (SSP) technique for the presence of the different KIR loci. Similar to most published data, we observed that the two framework genes 2DL4 and 3DL2 are present in 100% of individuals from both communities, while 2DL2, 2DL3, 2DS1, 2DS2, 2DS3, 2DS5, 3DL1, and 3DS1 were very similar in frequency. However, significant differences were noted in the frequencies of 2DL1 and 2DS4. This report is comparing KIR genotyping distribution in two Arab populations that sheds additional light on the importance of this gene in delineating a possible geographic genetic demarcation among different ethnicities or even different communities among the same or close ethnic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roni Rayes
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), P.O. BOX 11-0236, Riad El Solh 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Santin I, Castellanos-Rubio A, Perez de Nanclares G, Vitoria JC, Castaño L, Bilbao JR. Association of KIR2DL5B gene with celiac disease supports the susceptibility locus on 19q13.4. Genes Immun 2007; 8:171-6. [PMID: 17215859 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide scans have detected linkage to celiac disease (CD) in several genomic locations, including 19q13.4. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes map to the region and encode receptors of natural killer (NK) cells and certain T cells that modulate cytolitic activity through interactions with HLA class I ligands, participating in the innate immune response. We performed KIR genotyping in a group of 70 CD patients of Basque origin and compared gene content, genotype and haplotype frequencies to ethnically matched blood-donors. The frequency of gene combination KIR2DL5B(+)/KIR2DL5A(-) was significantly higher in the disease group, and this result was confirmed in a second group of 343 CD patients and 160 controls of Spanish origin, suggesting an implication of this 'unexpressed' gene with increased susceptibility to CD (combined OR of 3.63 (95% CI: 1.76-7.51; P=0.0004)), possibly due to the lack of an efficient inhibitory signal. Our results support the role of the KIR gene cluster in celiac disease and replicate the CD-susceptibility locus at 19q13.4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Santin
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Hospital de Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sanjeevi CB. Genes Influencing Innate and Acquired Immunity in Type 1 Diabetes and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1079:67-80. [PMID: 17130534 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1375.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
DQ8 and DQ2 are associated with susceptibility to and DQ6 with protection from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A set of polymorphic genes, called MHC class I chain-related genes (MIC-A) in HLA class I region interact with NK cells. In Italians, MICA allele 5 increases T1DM risk by 6.1. Together with HLA-DQ8 and DQ2 the risk increases severalfold. HLA class I genes, also identified as susceptibility genes for T1DM, interact with polymorphic killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) on NK cells. HLA-DQ8 and DQ2 and MICA-5 in Swedish and other populations also show positive association with disease. Studies on KIR in Latvian patients with T1DM also suggest a role for KIR in the etiology of T1DM. The results from MICA and KIR studies suggest that polymorphism of these genes of the innate immune system identify possible defects in the first line of antiviral defense in the etiology of T1DM. Screening for these genes could be important in the prediction strategies for T1DM.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Autoimmune Diseases/genetics
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Genetic Markers/immunology
- HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Immunity, Maternally-Acquired/genetics
- Immunity, Maternally-Acquired/immunology
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, KIR
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carani B Sanjeevi
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital Campus, CMM L5:01, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mahfouz R, Rayes R, Mahfoud Z, Bazarbachi A, Zaatari G. Distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors genotypes in the Lebanese population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 68:66-71. [PMID: 16774542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study represents the first report on the distribution of 16 Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) genes in 120 unrelated healthy Lebanese individuals. We observed that 2DL2 frequency (61%) comes second highest after South Asians (64%) and 2DL5 frequency (58.3%) is the second highest reported so far after the South Asians (74%). Interestingly, a large number of AA1 genotype individuals with no loci for activating KIR and three completely new BB profiles not previously reported were found in our population with a group A : group B haplotypes ratio of 1.3:1. The frequency of the KIR loci suggests that the Lebanese population shares common general features with the Caucasoid populations studied before, but still has its own unique decreased or increased frequencies of several loci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Mahfouz
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh 1107, 2020 Beirut, Lebanon.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jones DC, Edgar RS, Ahmad T, Cummings JRF, Jewell DP, Trowsdale J, Young NT. Killer Ig-like receptor (KIR) genotype and HLA ligand combinations in ulcerative colitis susceptibility. Genes Immun 2006; 7:576-82. [PMID: 16929347 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are expressed on natural killer cells and some T-cell subsets and produce either activation or inhibitory signals upon binding with the appropriate human leucocyte antigen (HLA) ligand on target cells. Recent genetic association studies have implicated KIR genotype in the development of several inflammatory conditions. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disorder of the colonic mucosa that results from an inappropriate activation of the immune system driven by host bacterial flora. We developed a polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (SSP)-based assay to genotype 194 UC patients and 216 control individuals for 14 KIR genes, the HLA-Cw ligand epitopes of the KIR2D receptors and a polymorphism of the lectin-like-activating receptor NKG2D. Initial analysis found the phenotype frequency of KIR2DL2 and -2DS2 to be significantly increased in the UC cohort (P=0.030 and 0.038, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed a protective effect conferred by KIR2DL3 in the presence of its ligand HLA-Cw group 1 (P=0.019). These results suggest that KIR genotype and HLA ligand interaction may contribute to the genetic susceptibility of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C Jones
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Luszczek W, Majorczyk E, Nowak I, Pawlik A, Jasek M, Wiśniewski A, Kuśnierczyk P. Inhibitory and activatory KIR gene frequencies in the Polish population. Int J Immunogenet 2006; 33:167-70. [PMID: 16712646 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2006.00587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) present on natural killer cells and minor subpopulations of T cells recognize class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules on the surface of target cells. Human individuals differ by the presence or absence of some KIR genes on their chromosomes (haplotypic polymorphism). As KIRs (especially two-immunoglobulin-domain-like containing, or KIR2D, molecules) are important for the outcome of tissue (particularly for haematopoietic stem cell) transplantation and possibly for pregnancy, the knowledge of KIR gene distribution in a given human population is of practical value. Therefore, we tested 175 healthy individuals from Poland for the presence or absence of these KIR genes which show haplotypic polymorphism and are expressed. Results were compared with those published for other human populations, showing close relations with other Caucasoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Luszczek
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Carrington M, Martin MP. The impact of variation at the KIR gene cluster on human disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2006; 298:225-57. [PMID: 16329188 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-27743-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte behavior is controlled by a balance of inhibitory and stimulatory signals generated on ligand binding to a complex set of receptors located on the cell surface. The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes encode one such, family of receptors expressed by natural killer (NK) cells, key components of the innate immune system that participate in early responses against infected or transformed cells through production of cytokines and direct cytotoxicity. KIRs are also expressed on a subset of T cells, where they contribute to the intensity of acquired immune responses. Recognition of self HLA class I ligands by inhibitory KIR allows NK cells to identify normal cells, preventing an NK cell-mediated response against healthy autologous cells. Activation of NK cells through stimulatory receptors is directed toward cells with altered expression of class I, a situation characteristic of some virally infected cells and tumor cells. The "missing self" model for NK cell activation was proposed to explain killing of cells that express little or no class I, while cells expressing normal levels of class I are spared. Studies performed over the last several years have revealed extensive diversity at the KIR gene locus, which stems from both its polygenic (variable numbers of genes depending on KIR haplotype) and multiallelic polymorphism. Given the role of KIR in both arms of the immune response, their specificity for HLA class I allotypes, and their extensive genomic diversity, it is reasonable to imagine that KIR gene variation affects resistance and susceptibility to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Consequently, the evolution of KIR locus diversity within and across populations may be a function of disease morbidity and mortality. Here we review a growing body of evidence purporting the influence of KIR polymorphism in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Carrington
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. 560 Rm. 21-89, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Santin I, de Nanclares GP, Calvo B, Gaafar A, Castaño L, Bilbao JR. Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Genes in the Basque Population: Association Study of KIR Gene Contents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Hum Immunol 2006; 67:118-24. [PMID: 16698433 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) form a group of regulatory molecules that specifically recognize HLA class I molecules, modulating cytolytic activity of natural killer cells. The number of KIR genes can vary between individuals, significant allelic variations have been described, and KIR genes are organized in a complex and heterogeneous family. In the present study we have performed KIR genotype analysis in the Basque general population. Additionally, we have tested the possible association between KIR gene content (in combination with its HLA ligand) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). KIR genotyping was performed using a commercial sequence-specific primer amplification genotyping kit and amino acid position 80 of HLA-C was genotyped by specific amplification and direct sequencing. Haplotypes and genotypes were deduced based on previous studies, and frequencies were compared between disease and control groups. All KIR genes tested were present in Basques and several of these genes (KIR2DS5, KIR3DS1, and KIR2DL2) displayed significant differences from corresponding genes in other Caucasoid populations. In general, Basques present an increase in activating KIR gene frequency and, consequently, the proportion of B haplotypes is higher. Three novel haplotypes were identified in the Basque population. Overall, our results confirm the particular genetic characteristics of the Basque population. No association between KIR gene content and susceptibility to T1DM was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izortze Santin
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Hospital de Cruces, Barakaldo-Bizkaia, and Department of Pediatrics, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
When comparing the immune genome to the genome in general, a higher prevalence for association with disease is the only genetic feature significant in immune genes as a group. However, some genetic features, such as marked levels of polymorphism and gene duplication, are present in subsets of immune genes, namely the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and Natural Killer (NK) cell receptor gene complexes. In this review, we discuss features of MHC and NK receptor gene clusters, their epistatic interactions, and the impact of both on association to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Kelley
- Department of Pathology, Immunology Division, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brown D, Trowsdale J, Allen R. The LILR family: modulators of innate and adaptive immune pathways in health and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 64:215-25. [PMID: 15304001 DOI: 10.1111/j.0001-2815.2004.00290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors [LILRs, also known as Ig-like transcripts (ILTs)] are a family of inhibitory and stimulatory receptors encoded within the leukocyte receptor complex and are expressed by immune cell types of both myeloid and lymphoid lineage. Several members of the LILR family recognize major histocompatibility complex class I. The immunomodulatory role of LILR receptors indicates that they may exert an influence on signaling pathways of both innate and adaptive immune systems. LILR activity can also influence the antigen-presenting properties of macrophages and dendritic cells and may thus play a role in T-cell tolerance. The wide-ranging effects of LILR signaling on immune cell activity imply that these receptors are likely to play an important role in a range of clinical situations including pregnancy, transplantation, and arthritis (including the human leukocyte antigen B27-associated spondyloarthropathies). In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the nature and function of LILRs, focusing on their regulation of immune cell activity and their potential role in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Brown
- Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wiśniewski A, Łuszczek W, Mańczak M, Jasek M, Kubicka W, Cislo M, Kuśnierczyk P. Distribution of LILRA3 (ILT6/LIR4) deletion in psoriatic patients and healthy controls. Hum Immunol 2003; 64:458-61. [PMID: 12651072 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(03)00025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The leukocyte immunoglobulinlike receptor (LILRA3; ILT6) gene is localized on human chromosome 19 in the region 19q13.4, in the leukocyte receptor complex that encodes leukocyte receptors LILR (ILT/LIR), killer cell immunoglobulinlike receptors (KIR), LAIR, Fc IgA receptor, and others. The biologic role of the LILRA3 molecule and the nature of its ligand are not known. Comparison of LILRA3 gene sequence with those of other LILRs suggests LILRA3 is a soluble molecule. If LILRA3 binds human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules like other LILRs whose ligands are known, then it might block recognition of HLA by these receptors, influencing immune response and susceptibility to HLA class I associated disease. A deletion of LILRA3 gene was found in a minority of British population. We typed 108 healthy individuals from the Low Silesia region and 103 patients diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris (a disease associated with HLA class I antigen, HLA-Cw6) for LILRA3 to examine whether LILRA3 deletion was distributed differently in patients affected with the disease. No differences in frequencies of the LILRA3 deletion were found between controls and patients or between HLA-Cw6(+) and HLA-Cw6(-) controls or patients, suggesting that LILRA3 has no role in psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wiśniewski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|