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Mmonwa KL, Barker NP, McQuaid CD, Teske PR. Coastal dunefields maintain pre-Holocene genetic structure in a rocky shore red alga. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1542-1553. [PMID: 33982309 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most intertidal algae have limited dispersal potential, and areas that lack hard substratum suitable for attachment are thus expected to isolate regional populations from each other. Here, we used nuclear and mitochondrial genetic data to compare genetic structure in two co-distributed intertidal red algae with different dispersal potential along the South African coastline. Gelidium pristoides is divided into a south-eastern and a south-western evolutionary lineage separated by extensive, continuous sandy shoreline habitat adjacent to coastal dunefields. In contrast, Hypnea spicifera is genetically homogeneous throughout its range. In G. pristoides, the genetic breaks are associated with contemporary coastal dunefields. The age of the divergence event suggests that this may reflect the effect of older dispersal barriers, and that genetic structure was subsequently maintained by the formation of contemporary coastal dunefields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolobe Lucas Mmonwa
- Research and Monitoring, KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, South Africa
| | - Nigel Paul Barker
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Christopher David McQuaid
- Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Peter Rodja Teske
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
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2
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Shen Y, Iwao T, Motomura T, Nagasato C. Cytoplasmic inheritance of mitochondria and chloroplasts in the anisogamous brown alga Mutimo cylindricus (Phaeophyceae). PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:19-32. [PMID: 32862312 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Based on the morphology of gametes, sexual reproduction in brown algae is usually classified into three types: isogamy, anisogamy, and oogamy. In isogamy, chloroplasts and chloroplast DNA (chlDNA) in the sporophyte cells are inherited biparentally, while mitochondria (or mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA) is inherited maternally. In oogamy, chloroplasts and mitochondria are inherited maternally. However, the patterns of mitochondrial and chloroplast inheritance in anisogamy have not been clarified. Here, we examined derivation of mtDNA and chlDNA in the zygotes through strain-specific PCR analysis using primers based on single nucleotide polymorphism in the anisogamous brown alga Mutimo cylindricus. In 20-day-old sporophytes after fertilization, mtDNA and chlDNA derived from female gametes were detected, thus confirming the maternal inheritance of both organelles. Additionally, the behavior of mitochondria and chloroplasts in the zygotes was analyzed by examining the consecutive serial sections using transmission electron microscopy. Male mitochondria were isolated or compartmentalized by a double-membrane and then completely digested into a multivesicular structure 2 h after fertilization. Meanwhile, male chloroplasts with eyespots were observed even in 4-day-old, seven-celled sporophytes. The final fate of male chloroplasts could not be traced. Organelle DNA copy number was also examined in female and male gametes. The DNA copy number per chloroplast and mitochondria in male gametes was lower compared with female organelles. The degree of difference is bigger in mtDNA. Thus, changes in different morphology and DNA amount indicate that maternal inheritance of mitochondria and chloroplasts in this species may be based on different processes and timing after fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shen
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Toyoki Iwao
- Toba Fisheries Science Center, Toba, 517-0005, Japan
| | - Taizo Motomura
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, 051-0013, Japan
| | - Chikako Nagasato
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran, 051-0013, Japan.
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3
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Thapa HR, Lin Z, Yi D, Smith JE, Schmidt EW, Agarwal V. Genetic and Biochemical Reconstitution of Bromoform Biosynthesis in Asparagopsis Lends Insights into Seaweed Reactive Oxygen Species Enzymology. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1662-1670. [PMID: 32453942 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae, seaweeds, are exceptionally prolific producers of halogenated natural products. Biosynthesis of halogenated molecules in seaweeds is inextricably linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling as hydrogen peroxide serves as a substrate for haloperoxidase enzymes that participate in the construction these halogenated molecules. Here, using red macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis, a prolific producer of the ozone depleting molecule bromoform, we provide the discovery and biochemical characterization of a ROS-producing NAD(P)H oxidase from seaweeds. This discovery was enabled by our sequencing of Asparagopsis genomes, in which we find the gene encoding the ROS-producing enzyme to be clustered with genes encoding bromoform-producing haloperoxidases. Biochemical reconstitution of haloperoxidase activities establishes that fatty acid biosynthesis can provide viable hydrocarbon substrates for bromoform production. The ROS production haloperoxidase enzymology that we describe here advances seaweed biology and biochemistry by providing the molecular basis for decades worth of physiological observations in ROS and halogenated natural product biosyntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem R. Thapa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zhenjian Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Dongqi Yi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Smith
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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4
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Ayres-Ostrock LM, Valero M, Mauger S, Oliveira MC, Plastino EM, Guillemin ML, Destombe C. Dual influence of terrestrial and marine historical processes on the phylogeography of the Brazilian intertidal red alga Gracilaria caudata. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:1096-1114. [PMID: 31206679 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored how past terrestrial and marine climate changes have interacted to shape the phylogeographic patterns of the intertidal red seaweed Gracilaria caudata, an economically important species exploited for agar production in the Brazilian north-east. Seven sites were sampled along the north-east tropical and south-east sub-tropical Brazilian coast. The genetic diversity and structure of G. caudata was inferred using a combination of mitochondrial (COI and cox2-3), chloroplast (rbcL) and 15 nuclear microsatellite markers. A remarkable congruence between nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast data revealed clear separation between the north-east (from 03° S to 08° S) and the south-east (from 20° S to 23° S) coast of Brazil. These two clades differ in their demographic histories, with signatures of recent demographic expansions in the north-east and divergent populations in the south-east, suggesting the maintenance of several refugia during the last glacial maximum due to sea-level rise and fall. The Bahia region (around 12° S) occupies an intermediate position between both clades. Microsatellites and mtDNA markers showed additional levels of genetic structure within each sampled site located south of Bahia. The separation between the two main groups in G. caudata is likely recent, probably occurring during the Quaternary glacial cycles. The genetic breaks are concordant with (i) those separating terrestrial refugia, (ii) major river outflows and (iii) frontiers between tropical and subtropical regions. Taken together with previously published eco-physiological studies that showed differences in the physiological performance of the strains from distinct locations, these results suggest that the divergent clades in G. caudata correspond to distinct ecotypes in the process of incipient speciation and thus should be considered for the management policy of this commercially important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia M Ayres-Ostrock
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Myriam Valero
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Stéphane Mauger
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Mariana C Oliveira
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela M Plastino
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marie-Laure Guillemin
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Christophe Destombe
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
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Abstract
Mitochondria, a nearly ubiquitous feature of eukaryotes, are derived from an ancient symbiosis. Despite billions of years of cooperative coevolution - in what is arguably the most important mutualism in the history of life - the persistence of mitochondrial genomes also creates conditions for genetic conflict with the nucleus. Because mitochondrial genomes are present in numerous copies per cell, they are subject to both within- and among-organism levels of selection. Accordingly, 'selfish' genotypes that increase their own proliferation can rise to high frequencies even if they decrease organismal fitness. It has been argued that uniparental (often maternal) inheritance of cytoplasmic genomes evolved to curtail such selfish replication by minimizing within-individual variation and, hence, within-individual selection. However, uniparental inheritance creates conditions for cytonuclear conflict over sex determination and sex ratio, as well as conditions for sexual antagonism when mitochondrial variants increase transmission by enhancing maternal fitness but have the side-effect of being harmful to males (i.e., 'mother's curse'). Here, we review recent advances in understanding selfish replication and sexual antagonism in the evolution of mitochondrial genomes and the mechanisms that suppress selfish interactions, drawing parallels and contrasts with other organelles (plastids) and bacterial endosymbionts that arose more recently. Although cytonuclear conflict is widespread across eukaryotes, it can be cryptic due to nuclear suppression, highly variable, and lineage-specific, reflecting the diverse biology of eukaryotes and the varying architectures of their cytoplasmic genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Havird
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Evan S Forsythe
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Alissa M Williams
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - John H Werren
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Damian K Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel B Sloan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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6
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Pezzolesi L, Peña V, Le Gall L, Gabrielson PW, Kaleb S, Hughey JR, Rodondi G, Hernandez-Kantun JJ, Falace A, Basso D, Cerrano C, Rindi F. Mediterranean Lithophyllum stictiforme (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) is a genetically diverse species complex: implications for species circumscription, biogeography and conservation of coralligenous habitats. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:473-492. [PMID: 30657167 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lithophyllum species in the Mediterranean Sea function as algal bioconstructors, contributing to the formation of biogenic habitats such as coralligenous concretions. In such habitats, thalli of Lithophyllum, consisting of crusts or lamellae with entire or lobed margins, have been variously referred to as either one species, L. stictiforme, or two species, L. stictiforme and L. cabiochiae, in the recent literature. We investigated species diversity and phylogenetic relationships in these algae by sequencing three markers (psbA and rbcL genes, cox2,3 spacer), in conjunction with methods for algorithmic delimitation of species (ABGD and GMYC). Mediterranean subtidal Lithophyllum belong to a well-supported lineage, hereby called the L. stictiforme complex, which also includes two species described from the Atlantic, L. lobatum and L. searlesii. Our results indicate that the L. stictiforme complex consists of at least 13 species. Among the Mediterranean species, some are widely distributed and span most of the western and central Mediterranean, whereas others appear to be restricted to specific localities. These patterns are interpreted as possibly resulting from allopatric speciation events that took place during the Messinian Salinity Crisis and subsequent glacial periods. A partial rbcL sequence from the lectotype of L. stictiforme unambiguously indicates that this name applies to the most common subtidal Lithophyllum in the central Mediterranean. We agree with recent treatments that considered L. cabiochiae and L. stictiforme conspecific. The diversity of Lithophyllum in Mediterranean coralligenous habitats has been substantially underestimated, and future work on these and other Mediterranean corallines should use identifications based on DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Viviana Peña
- Grupo BioCost, Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Line Le Gall
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paul W Gabrielson
- Department of Biology and Herbarium, University of North Carolina, Coker Hall CB 3280, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3280, USA
| | - Sara Kaleb
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jeffery R Hughey
- Division of Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Hartnell College, 411 Central Avenue, Salinas, California, 93901, USA
| | - Graziella Rodondi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Jazmin J Hernandez-Kantun
- Botany Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 166 PO Box 37012, Washington District of Columbia, USA
| | - Annalisa Falace
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126, Milan, Italy
- CoNISMa, ULR Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Rindi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
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7
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Zanolla M, Altamirano M, Carmona R, De la Rosa J, Souza-Egipsy V, Sherwood A, Tsiamis K, Barbosa AM, Muñoz AR, Andreakis N. Assessing global range expansion in a cryptic species complex: insights from the red seaweed genus Asparagopsis (Florideophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:12-24. [PMID: 29054117 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genetic diversity, distribution and invasive potential of multiple cryptic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the red invasive seaweed Asparagopsis were assessed by studying introduced Mediterranean and Hawaiian populations. Invasive behavior of each Asparagopsis OTU was inferred from phylogeographic reconstructions, past historical demographic dynamics, recent range expansion assessments and future distributional predictions obtained from demographic models. Genealogical networks resolved Asparagopsis gametophytes and tetrasporophytes into four A. taxiformis and one A. armata cryptic OTUs. Falkenbergia isolates of A. taxiformis L3 were recovered for the first time in the western Mediterranean Sea and represent a new introduction for this area. Neutrality statistics supported past range expansion for A. taxiformis L1 and L2 in Hawaii. On the other hand, extreme geographic expansion and an increase in effective population size were found only for A. taxiformis L2 in the western Mediterranean Sea. Distribution models predicted shifts of the climatically suitable areas and population expansion for A. armata L1 and A. taxiformis L1 and L2. Our integrated study confirms a high invasive risk for A. taxiformis L1 and L2 in temperate and tropical areas. Despite the differences in predictions among modelling approaches, a number of regions were identified as zones with high invasion risk for A. taxiformis L2. Since range shifts are likely climate-driven phenomena, future invasive behavior cannot be excluded for the rest of the lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Zanolla
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Altamirano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Carmona
- Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Julio De la Rosa
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18171, Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia Souza-Egipsy
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alison Sherwood
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Konstantinos Tsiamis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, 19013, Attica, Greece
| | - Ana Márcia Barbosa
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), InBIO Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Évora, 7004-516, Évora, Portugal
| | - Antonio Román Muñoz
- Departamento de Botànica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Biogeography, Diversity, and Conservation Research Team, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, E-29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Nikos Andreakis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
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Dumilag RV, Gallardo WGM, Garcia CPC, You Y, Chaves AKG, Agahan L. Phenotypic and mtDNA variation in Philippine Kappaphycus cottonii (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:951-963. [PMID: 29117751 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2017.1398745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Members of the carrageenan-producing seaweeds of the genus Kappapphycus have a complicated taxonomic history particularly with regard to species identification. Many taxonomic challenges in this group have been currently addressed with the use of mtDNA sequences. The phylogenetic status and genetic diversity of one of the lesser known species, Kappaphycus cottonii, have repeatedly come into question. This study explored the genetic variation in Philippine K. cottonii using the mtDNA COI-5P gene and cox2-3 spacer sequences. The six phenotypic forms in K. cottonii did not correspond to the observed genetic variability; hinting at the greater involvement of environmental factors in determining changes to the morphology of this alga. Our results revealed that the Philippine K. cottonii has the richest number of haplotypes that have been detected, so far, for any Kappaphycus species. Our inferred phylogenetic trees suggested two lineages: a lineage, which exclusively includes K. cottonii and another lineage comprising the four known Kappaphycus species: K. alvarezii, K. inermis, K. malesianus, and K. striatus. The dichotomy supports the apparent synamorphy for each of these lineages (the strictly terete thalli, lack of protuberances, and the presence of a hyphal central core in the latter group, while the opposite of these morphologies in K. cottonii). These findings shed new light on understanding the evolutionary history of the genus. Assessing the breadth of the phenotypic and genetic variation in K. cottonii has implications for the conservation and management of the overall Kappaphycus genetic resources, especially in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard V Dumilag
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University , Sampaloc, Manila , Philippines
| | - William George M Gallardo
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University , Sampaloc, Manila , Philippines
| | - Christian Philip C Garcia
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University , Sampaloc, Manila , Philippines
| | - YeaEun You
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University , Sampaloc, Manila , Philippines
| | - Alyssa Keren G Chaves
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University , Sampaloc, Manila , Philippines
| | - Lance Agahan
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University , Sampaloc, Manila , Philippines
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9
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Pezzolesi L, Falace A, Kaleb S, Hernandez-Kantun JJ, Cerrano C, Rindi F. Genetic and morphological variation in an ecosystem engineer, Lithophyllum byssoides (Corallinales, Rhodophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:146-160. [PMID: 27809349 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lithophyllum byssoides is a common coralline alga in the intertidal zone of Mediterranean coasts, where it produces biogenic concretions housing a high algal and invertebrate biodiversity. This species is an ecosystem engineer and is considered a target for conservation efforts, but designing effective conservation strategies currently is impossible due to lack of information about its population structure. The morphological and molecular variation of L. byssoides was investigated using morphoanatomy and DNA sequences (psbA and cox2,3) obtained from populations at 15 localities on the Italian and Croatian coasts. Lithophyllum byssoides exhibited a high number of haplotypes (31 psbA haplotypes and 24 cox2,3 haplotypes) in the central Mediterranean. The psbA and cox2,3 phylogenies were congruent and showed seven lineages. For most of these clades, the distribution was limited to one or a few localities, but one of them (clade 7) was widespread across the central Mediterranean, spanning the main biogeographic boundaries recognized in this area. The central Mediterranean populations formed a lineage separate from Atlantic samples; psbA pair-wise divergences suggested that recognition of Atlantic and Mediterranean L. byssoides as different species may be appropriate. The central Mediterranean haplotype patterns of L. byssoides were interpreted as resulting from past climatic events in the hydrogeological history of the Mediterranean Sea. The high haplotype diversity and the restricted spatial distribution of the seven lineages suggest that individual populations should be managed as independent units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Annalisa Falace
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Kaleb
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jazmin J Hernandez-Kantun
- Botany Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 166 PO Box 37012, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Rindi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131, Ancona, Italy
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10
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Geoffroy A, Destombe C, Kim B, Mauger S, Raffo MP, Kim MS, Le Gall L. Patterns of genetic diversity of the cryptogenic red alga Polysiphonia morrowii (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) suggest multiple origins of the Atlantic populations. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:5635-47. [PMID: 27547343 PMCID: PMC4983580 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The red alga Polysiphonia morrowii, native to the North Pacific (Northeast Asia), has recently been reported worldwide. To determine the origin of the French and Argentine populations of this introduced species, we compared samples from these two areas with samples collected in Korea and at Hakodate, Japan, the type locality of the species. Combined analyses of chloroplastic (rbcL) and mitochondrial (cox1) DNA revealed that the French and Argentine populations are closely related and differ substantially from the Korean and Japanese populations. The genetic structure of P. morrowii populations from South Atlantic and North Atlantic, which showed high haplotype diversity compared with populations from the North Pacific, suggested the occurrence of multiple introduction events from areas outside of the so‐called native regions. Although similar, the French and Argentine populations are not genetically identical. Thus, the genetic structure of these two introduced areas may have been modified by cryptic and recurrent introduction events directly from Asia or from other introduced areas that act as introduction relays. In addition, the large number of private cytoplasmic types identified in the two introduced regions strongly suggests that local populations of P. morrowii existed before the recent detection of these invasions. Our results suggest that the most likely scenario is that the source population(s) of the French and Argentine populations was not located only in the North Pacific and/or that P. morrowii is a cryptogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Geoffroy
- UPMC Univ Paris 06UMI 3614 Biologie évolutive et écologie des algues Station Biologique de Roscoff Place Georges Teissier 29682 Roscoff France; CNRS UMI 3614 Biologie évolutive et écologie des algues Station Biologique de Roscoff 29682 Roscoff France
| | - Christophe Destombe
- UPMC Univ Paris 06UMI 3614 Biologie évolutive et écologie des algues Station Biologique de Roscoff Place Georges Teissier 29682 Roscoff France; CNRS UMI 3614 Biologie évolutive et écologie des algues Station Biologique de Roscoff 29682 Roscoff France
| | - Byeongseok Kim
- Department of Biology Jeju National University 66 Jejudaehakno Jeju-si, Jeju-do 690-756 Korea
| | - Stéphane Mauger
- UPMC Univ Paris 06UMI 3614 Biologie évolutive et écologie des algues Station Biologique de Roscoff Place Georges Teissier 29682 Roscoff France; CNRS UMI 3614 Biologie évolutive et écologie des algues Station Biologique de Roscoff 29682 Roscoff France
| | - María Paula Raffo
- Laboratorio de Algas Marinas Bentónicas Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR) Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT-CONICET) Bvd. Brown 2915 Puerto Madryn U9120ACF Chubut Argentina
| | - Myung Sook Kim
- Department of Biology Jeju National University 66 Jejudaehakno Jeju-si, Jeju-do 690-756 Korea
| | - Line Le Gall
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) Institut de Systématique, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC EPHE 57 rue Cuvier CP 39 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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11
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Dumilag RV, Orosco FL, Lluisma AO. Genetic diversity of Kappaphycus species (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in the Philippines. SYST BIODIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2016.1157643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard V. Dumilag
- Marine Genomics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University, Nicanor Reyes Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines 1015
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101
| | - Fredmoore L. Orosco
- Marine Genomics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101
| | - Arturo O. Lluisma
- Marine Genomics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101
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12
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Andreakis N, Costello P, Zanolla M, Saunders GW, Mata L. Endemic or introduced? Phylogeography of Asparagopsis (Florideophyceae) in Australia reveals multiple introductions and a new mitochondrial lineage. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2016; 52:141-147. [PMID: 26987096 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis embodies five cryptic mitochondrial lineages (lineage 1-5) introduced worldwide as a consequence of human mediated transport and climate change. We compared globally collected mitochondrial cox2-3 intergenic spacer sequences with sequences produced from multiple Australian locations and South Korea to identify Asparagopsis lineages and to reveal cryptic introductions. We report A. taxiformis lineage 4 from Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Australia, and the highly invasive Indo-Pacific Mediterranean lineage 2 from South Korea and Lord Howe Island, Australia. Phylogeographic analysis showed a clear haplotype and geographic separation between western Australian and Great Barrier Reef (GBR) isolates belonging to the recently described lineage 5. The same lineage, however, was characterized by a substantial genetic and geographic break between the majority of Australian specimens and Asparagopsis collections from South Solitary Island, Southern GBR, Lord Howe Island, Kermadec Islands, Norfolk Island, New Caledonia and French Polynesia. The disjunct geographic distribution and sequence divergence between these two groups supports the recognition of a sixth cryptic A. taxiformis mitochondrial lineage. As climatic changes accelerate the relocation of biota and offer novel niches for colonization, periodic surveys for early detection of cryptic invasive seaweeds will be critical in determining whether eradication or effective containment of the aliens are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Andreakis
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Costello
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Marianela Zanolla
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Gary W Saunders
- Centre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, E3B 5A3
| | - Leonardo Mata
- MACRO - the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
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13
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Li JJ, Hu ZM, Liu RY, Zhang J, Liu SL, Duan DL. Phylogeographic surveys and apomictic genetic connectivity in the North Atlantic red seaweed Mastocarpus stellatus. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 94:463-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Bruce MR, Saunders GW. Population genetic analyses are consistent with the introduction of Ceramium secundatum (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) to Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5088-95. [PMID: 26640684 PMCID: PMC4662316 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During ongoing DNA barcode (COI‐5P) surveys of the macroalgal flora along the northwest Atlantic coast, we discovered a population of Ceramium secundatum in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. This species is regarded as common and widespread in the northeast Atlantic, ranging from Norway to Morocco, but until now has not been reported from the western Atlantic. Several lines of evidence suggest that C. secundatum may be introduced to Narragansett Bay: (1) despite extensive collecting, specimens have only been obtained from a limited geographic range in the northwest Atlantic; (2) three other nonindigenous seaweed species are reportedly introduced in this region, which is thought to be a consequence of shipping; and (3) this species is introduced to South Africa and New Zealand. To investigate this suspected introduction, we applied population genetic analyses (using the cox2‐3 spacer) to compare the Narragansett Bay C. secundatum population to native populations in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. Collectively, analyses of biogeographical and molecular data indicate that C. secundatum is likely introduced to Narragansett Bay. The implications of this discovery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghann R Bruce
- Department of Biology Centre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research University of New Brunswick 10 Bailey Dr. Fredericton NB Canada E3B 5A3
| | - Gary W Saunders
- Department of Biology Centre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research University of New Brunswick 10 Bailey Dr. Fredericton NB Canada E3B 5A3
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15
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Deep genetic divergence between austral populations of the red alga Gigartina skottsbergii reveals a cryptic species endemic to the Antarctic continent. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Han JW, Klochkova TA, Shim J, Nagasato C, Motomura T, Kim GH. Identification of three proteins involved in fertilization and parthenogenetic development of a brown alga, Scytosiphon lomentaria. PLANTA 2014; 240:1253-67. [PMID: 25143248 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways of cell organelles may influence the expression of nuclear genes involved in fertilization and subsequent zygote development through a retrograde regulation. In Scytosiphon lomentaria, inheritance of chloroplast is biparental but mitochondria are maternally inherited. Male and female gametes underwent different parthenogenetic outcomes. Most (>99%) male gametes did not differentiate rhizoid cells or survived beyond four-cell stage, while over 95% of female gametes grew into mature asexual plants. Proteomic analysis showed that the protein contents of male and female gametes differed by approximately 1.7%, 12 sex-specific proteins out of 700 detected proteins. Three sex-specific proteins were isolated and identified using CAF-MALDI mass spectrometry and RACE-PCR. Among them, a male gamete-specific homoaconitate hydratase (HACN) and a female gamete-specific succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) were predicted to be the genes involved in mitochondrial metabolic pathways. The expression level of both mitochondrial genes was dramatically changed at the fertilization event. During parthenogenetic development the male-specific HACN and GTP-binding protein were gradually down-regulated but SSADH stayed up-regulated up to 48h. To observe the effect of chemicals on the expression of these genes, male and female gametes were treated with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), hydrogen peroxide and L-ascorbic acid. Among them GABA treatment significantly reduced SSADH gene expression in female gamete but the same treatment induced high upregulation of the gene in male gamete. GABA treatment affected the behavior of gametes and their parthenogenetic development. Both gametes showed prolonged motile stage, retarded settlement and subsequent parthenogenetic development. Our results suggest that male and female gametes regulate mitochondrial metabolic pathways differentially during fertilization, which may be the reason for their physiological and behavioral differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Won Han
- Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Kongju, 314-701, Korea
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Dijoux L, Viard F, Payri C. The more we search, the more we find: discovery of a new lineage and a new species complex in the genus Asparagopsis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103826. [PMID: 25076489 PMCID: PMC4116237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, in the marine realm in particular, the use of molecular tools has led to the discovery of hidden taxonomic diversity, revealing complexes of sister species. A good example is the red algal genus Asparagopsis. The two species (A. armata and A. taxiformis) recognized in this genus have been introduced in many places around the world. Within the nominal species A. taxiformis, previous molecular analyses have uncovered several lineages, suggesting the existence of sister species or subspecies. Although the genus has been well studied in some regions (e.g., the Mediterranean Sea and Hawaii), it remains poorly investigated in others (e.g., South Pacific). Our study mainly focused on these latter areas to clarify lineages and better determine lineage status (i.e., native vs. introduced). A total of 188 specimens were collected from 61 sites, 58 of which had never been sampled before. We sequenced the DNA from samples for three markers and obtained 112 sequences for the chloroplastic RuBisCo spacer, 118 sequences for the nuclear LSU rRNA gene, and 174 for the mitochondrial spacer cox2-3. Phylogenetic analyses using all three markers suggested the existence of two cryptic sister species with the discovery of a new clade within A. armata. This clade was found only in Western Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand, and is thus restricted to a subregional biogeographic unit. We also discovered a new, fifth lineage for A. taxiformis restricted to the South Pacific and Western Australia. Except for this newly described lineage, all other lineages showed a global distribution influenced by introduction events. These results illustrate the difficulty in accurately defining cosmopolitan species. Our findings also highlight the need for targeted (i.e., in poorly studied areas) and geographically extensive sampling efforts when studying taxa that have been introduced globally and that are likely to hide species complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Dijoux
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR227 CoRéUs-LabEx-CORAIL, Noumea, New Caledonia
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7144, Divco team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Frédérique Viard
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7144, Divco team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Claude Payri
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR227 CoRéUs-LabEx-CORAIL, Noumea, New Caledonia
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18
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Salomaki ED, Kwandrans J, Eloranta P, Vis ML. Molecular and morphological evidence for Sheathia gen. nov. (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) and three new species. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2014; 50:526-542. [PMID: 26988325 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater red algal genus Batrachospermum has been shown to be paraphyletic since the first molecular studies of the Batrachospermales. Previous research, along with this study, provides strong support for the clade Batrachospermum section Helminthoidea. This study has found that heterocortication, the presence of both cylindrical and bulbous cells on the main axis, is an underlying synapomorphy of this clade. Based on support from DNA sequences of the rbcL gene, the COI barcode region and the rDNA ITS 1 and 2, along with morphological studies, the new genus Sheathia is proposed. Seven heterocorticate species were recognized from the molecular clades. Sheathia boryana and S. exigua sp. nov. appear to be restricted to Europe, whereas S. confusa occurs in Europe and New Zealand. Sheathia involuta is widespread in the USA and reported for the first time from Europe. Sheathia americana sp. nov., has been collected in the USA and Canada, and S. heterocortica and S. grandis sp. nov. have been collected only in the USA. Sheathia confusa and S. grandis can be distinguished based on morphological characters, whereas DNA sequence data are required to conclusively distinguish the other species. Sheathia fluitans and S. carpoinvolucra also are placed within this genus based on the presence of heterocortication. These data also hint at greater diversity among non-heterocorticate Sheathia than is recognized by the single species name S. arcuata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Salomaki
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Janina Kwandrans
- Department of Freshwater Biology, Institute of Nature Conservation, PAS al. A. Mickiewicza 33, Kraków, 31-120, Poland
| | | | - Morgan L Vis
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
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19
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Song SL, Lim PE, Phang SM, Lee WW, Hong DD, Prathep A. Development of chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs) for the intraspecific study of Gracilaria tenuistipitata (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from different populations. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:77. [PMID: 24490797 PMCID: PMC3922622 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gracilaria tenuistipitata is an agarophyte with substantial economic potential because of its high growth rate and tolerance to a wide range of environment factors. This red seaweed is intensively cultured in China for the production of agar and fodder for abalone. Microsatellite markers were developed from the chloroplast genome of G. tenuistipitata var. liui to differentiate G. tenuistipitata obtained from six different localities: four from Peninsular Malaysia, one from Thailand and one from Vietnam. Eighty G. tenuistipitata specimens were analyzed using eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer-pairs that we developed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Findings Five mononucleotide primer-pairs and one trinucleotide primer-pair exhibited monomorphic alleles, whereas the other two primer-pairs separated the G. tenuistipitata specimens into two main clades. G. tenuistipitata from Thailand and Vietnam were grouped into one clade, and the populations from Batu Laut, Middle Banks and Kuah (Malaysia) were grouped into another clade. The combined dataset of these two primer-pairs separated G. tenuistipitata obtained from Kelantan, Malaysia from that obtained from other localities. Conclusions Based on the variations in repeated nucleotides of microsatellite markers, our results suggested that the populations of G. tenuistipitata were distributed into two main geographical regions: (i) populations in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and (ii) populations facing the South China Sea. The correct identification of G. tenuistipitata strains with traits of high economic potential will be advantageous for the mass cultivation of seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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20
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Tan J, Lim PE, Phang SM, Hong DD, Sunarpi H, Hurtado AQ. Assessment of four molecular markers as potential DNA barcodes for red algae Kappaphycus Doty and Eucheuma J. Agardh (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta). PLoS One 2012; 7:e52905. [PMID: 23285223 PMCID: PMC3527623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding has been a major advancement in the field of taxonomy, seeing much effort put into the barcoding of wide taxa of organisms, macro and microalgae included. The mitochondrial-encoded cox1 and plastid-encoded rbcL has been proposed as potential DNA barcodes for rhodophytes, but are yet to be tested on the commercially important carrageenophytes Kappaphycus and Eucheuma. This study gauges the effectiveness of four markers, namely the mitochondrial cox1, cox2, cox2-3 spacer and the plastid rbcL in DNA barcoding on selected Kappaphycus and Eucheuma from Southeast Asia. Marker assessments were performed using established distance and tree-based identification criteria from earlier studies. Barcoding patterns on a larger scale were simulated by empirically testing on the commonly used cox2-3 spacer. The phylogeny of these rhodophytes was also briefly described. In this study, the cox2 marker which satisfies the prerequisites of DNA barcodes was found to exhibit moderately high interspecific divergences with no intraspecific variations, thus a promising marker for the DNA barcoding of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma. However, the already extensively used cox2-3 spacer was deemed to be in overall more appropriate as a DNA barcode for these two genera. On a wider scale, cox1 and rbcL were still better DNA barcodes across the rhodophyte taxa when practicality and cost-efficiency were taken into account. The phylogeny of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma were generally similar to those earlier reported. Still, the application of DNA barcoding has demonstrated our relatively poor taxonomic comprehension of these seaweeds, thus suggesting more in-depth efforts in taxonomic restructuring as well as establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dang Diem Hong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - H. Sunarpi
- Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Mataram University, Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia
| | - Anicia Q. Hurtado
- Integrated Services for the Development of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Tabuc Suba, Iliolo City, Philippines
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21
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Wolf MA, Sciuto K, Andreoli C, Moro I. Ulva (Chlorophyta, Ulvales) Biodiversity in the North Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean, Italy): Cryptic Species and New Introductions. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2012; 48:1510-1521. [PMID: 27010000 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ulva Linnaeus (Ulvophyceae, Ulvales) is a genus of green algae widespread in different aquatic environments. Members of this genus show a very simple morphology and a certain degree of phenotypic plasticity, heavily influenced by environmental conditions, making difficult the delineation of species by morphological features alone. Most studies dealing with Ulva biodiversity in Mediterranean waters have been based only on morphological characters and a modern taxonomic revision of this genus in the Mediterranean is not available. We report here the results of an investigation on the diversity of Ulva in the North Adriatic Sea based on molecular analyses. Collections from three areas, two of which subject to intense shipping traffic, were examined, as well as historical collections of Ulva stored in the Herbarium Patavinum of the University of Padova, Italy. Molecular analyses based on partial sequences of the rbcL and tufA genes revealed the presence of six different species, often with overlapping morphologies: U. californica Wille, U. flexuosa Wulfen, U. rigida C. Agardh, U. compressa Linnaeus, U. pertusa Kjellman, and one probable new taxon. U. californica is a new record for the Mediterranean and U. pertusa is a new record for the Adriatic. Partial sequences obtained from historical collections show that most of the old specimens are referable to U. rigida. No specimens referable to the two alien species were found among the old herbarium specimens. The results indicate that the number of introduced seaweed species and their impact on Mediterranean communities have been underestimated, due to the difficulties in species identification of morphologically simple taxa as Ulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion A Wolf
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Katia Sciuto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Andreoli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Isabella Moro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
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22
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Gulbransen DJ, McGlathery KJ, Marklund M, Norris JN, Gurgel CFD. GRACILARIA VERMICULOPHYLLA (RHODOPHYTA, GRACILARIALES) IN THE VIRGINIA COASTAL BAYS, USA: COX1 ANALYSIS REVEALS HIGH GENETIC RICHNESS OF AN INTRODUCED MACROALGA. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2012; 48:1278-1283. [PMID: 27011285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss is an invasive alga that is native to Southeast Asia and has invaded many estuaries in North America and Europe. It is difficult to differentiate G. vermiculophylla from native forms using morphology and therefore molecular techniques are needed. In this study, we used three molecular markers (rbcL, cox2-cox3 spacer, cox1) to identify G. vermiculophylla at several locations in the western Atlantic. RbcL and cox2-cox3 spacer markers confirmed the presence of G. vermiculophylla on the east coast of the USA from Massachusetts to South Carolina. We used a 507 base pair region of cox1 mtDNA to (i) verify the widespread distribution of G. vermiculophylla in the Virginia (VA) coastal bays and (ii) determine the intraspecific diversity of these algae. Cox1 haplotype richness in the VA coastal bays was much higher than that previously found in other invaded locations, as well as some native locations. This difference is likely attributed to the more intensive sampling design used in this study, which was able to detect richness created by multiple, diverse introductions. On the basis of our results, we recommend that future studies take differences in sampling design into account when comparing haplotype richness and diversity between native and non-native studies in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana J Gulbransen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
| | - Karen J McGlathery
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
| | - Maria Marklund
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - James N Norris
- Botany Department, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Carlos Frederico D Gurgel
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Plant Biodiversity Centre, State Herbarium, Hackney Rd, GPO Box 1047, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Aquatic Sciences, South Australia Research & Development Institute, PO Box 120, Henley Beach, SA, 5022, Australia
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23
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Vis ML, Necchi O, Chiasson WB, Entwisle TJ. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE GENUS KUMANOA (BATRACHOSPERMALES, RHODOPHYTA)(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2012; 48:750-758. [PMID: 27011092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Species belonging to the newly established genus Kumanoa were sampled from locations worldwide. DNA sequence data from the rbcL gene, cox1 barcode region, and universal plastid amplicon (UPA) were collected. The new sequence data for the rbcL were combined with the extensive batrachospermalean rbcL data available in GenBank. Single gene rbcL results showed the genus Kumanoa to be a well-supported clade, and there was high statistical support for many of the terminal nodes. However, with this gene alone, there was very little support for any of the internal nodes. Analysis of the concatenated data set (rbcL, cox1, and UPA) provided higher statistical support across the tree. The taxa K. vittata and K. amazonensis formed a basal grade, and both were on relatively long branches. Three new species are proposed, K. holtonii, K. gudjewga, and K. novaecaledonensis; K. procarpa var. americana is raised to species level. In addition, the synonymy of K. capensis and K. breviarticulata is proposed, with K. capensis having precedence. Five new combinations are made, bringing the total number of accepted species in Kumanoa to 31. The phylogenetic analyses did not reveal any interpretable biogeographic patterns within the genus (e.g., K. spermatiophora from the tropical oceanic island Maui, Hawaii, was sister to K. faroensis from temperate midcontinental Ohio in North America). Previously hypothesized relationships among groups of species were not substantiated in the phylogenetic analyses, and no intrageneric classification is recommended based on current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Vis
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USAZoology and Botany Department, São Paulo State University, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265-15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USARoyal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia
| | - Orlando Necchi
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USAZoology and Botany Department, São Paulo State University, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265-15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USARoyal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia
| | - Wayne B Chiasson
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USAZoology and Botany Department, São Paulo State University, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265-15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USARoyal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia
| | - Timothy J Entwisle
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USAZoology and Botany Department, São Paulo State University, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265-15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USARoyal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia
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Tan J, Lim PE, Phang SM, Hong DD, Sunarpi H, Hurtado AQ. Assessment of four molecular markers as potential DNA barcodes for red algae Kappaphycus Doty and Eucheuma J. Agardh (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta). PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23285223 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-013-0197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding has been a major advancement in the field of taxonomy, seeing much effort put into the barcoding of wide taxa of organisms, macro and microalgae included. The mitochondrial-encoded cox1 and plastid-encoded rbcL has been proposed as potential DNA barcodes for rhodophytes, but are yet to be tested on the commercially important carrageenophytes Kappaphycus and Eucheuma. This study gauges the effectiveness of four markers, namely the mitochondrial cox1, cox2, cox2-3 spacer and the plastid rbcL in DNA barcoding on selected Kappaphycus and Eucheuma from Southeast Asia. Marker assessments were performed using established distance and tree-based identification criteria from earlier studies. Barcoding patterns on a larger scale were simulated by empirically testing on the commonly used cox2-3 spacer. The phylogeny of these rhodophytes was also briefly described. In this study, the cox2 marker which satisfies the prerequisites of DNA barcodes was found to exhibit moderately high interspecific divergences with no intraspecific variations, thus a promising marker for the DNA barcoding of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma. However, the already extensively used cox2-3 spacer was deemed to be in overall more appropriate as a DNA barcode for these two genera. On a wider scale, cox1 and rbcL were still better DNA barcodes across the rhodophyte taxa when practicality and cost-efficiency were taken into account. The phylogeny of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma were generally similar to those earlier reported. Still, the application of DNA barcoding has demonstrated our relatively poor taxonomic comprehension of these seaweeds, thus suggesting more in-depth efforts in taxonomic restructuring as well as establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Couceiro L, Maneiro I, Ruiz JM, Barreiro R. MULTISCALE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF AN ENDANGERED SEAWEED AHNFELTIOPSIS PUSILLA (RHODOPHYTA): IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS CONSERVATION(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2011; 47:259-268. [PMID: 27021858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.00959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although marine macroalgae have recently entered the lists of endangered species, conservation efforts are still limited by a lack of data, particularly for naturally rare species. One example is the turf-forming Ahnfeltiopsis pusilla (Mont.) P. C. Silva et DeCew. Albeit cataloged as vulnerable in the Northwest Iberian Peninsula (NWIP), where it occurs only at five enclaves separated by 1,200 km from the closest recorded presence of the species, nothing is known about its genetic diversity and population connectivity. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and sequences of the intergenic region between the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 and subunit 3 genes (cox2-3) to investigate its genetic structure at large (1,200 km), regional (<125 km), fine (<250 m), and patch (<1 m) scales. While cox2-3 variability was too low for the intraspecific study, AFLP revealed that most of the genetic diversity was due to differences between populations. Locally, genetic diversity was always low, and clones were frequent, suggesting that asexual reproduction may be common; patches of turf, however, often were composites of various genetic individuals. Genetic structure at local, regional, and large scales indicated that A. pusilla is a poor disperser, and an assignment test found no evidence of real-time dispersal between NWIP sites. Therefore, it is proposed that the five NWIP enclaves are designated independent management units (MUs). Bayesian-clustering approaches suggested that the three southernmost sites are particularly valuable for conservation since they concentrate most of the genetic heritage of A. pusilla in NWIP. Our study shows that the approaches of conservation genetics may provide useful insights for endangered seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Couceiro
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain
| | - Isabel Maneiro
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Miguel Ruiz
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain
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Kimura K, Nagasato C, Uwai S, Motomura T. Sperm Mitochondrial DNA Elimination in the Zygote of the Oogamous Brown Alga Undaria pinnatifida (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae). CYTOLOGIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.75.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kimura
- Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Chikako Nagasato
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University
| | - Shinya Uwai
- Environmental Biology, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Niigata University
| | - Taizo Motomura
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University
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Milstein D, Oliveira MC, Martins FM, Matioli SR. Group I introns and associated homing endonuclease genes reveals a clinal structure for Porphyra spiralis var. amplifolia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) along the Eastern coast of South America. BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:308. [PMID: 18992156 PMCID: PMC2585584 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group I introns are found in the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) of some species of the genus Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). Size polymorphisms in group I introns has been interpreted as the result of the degeneration of homing endonuclease genes (HEG) inserted in peripheral loops of intron paired elements. In this study, intron size polymorphisms were characterized for different Porphyra spiralis var. amplifolia (PSA) populations on the Southern Brazilian coast, and were used to infer genetic relationships and genetic structure of these PSA populations, in addition to cox2-3 and rbcL-S regions. Introns of different sizes were tested qualitatively for in vitro self-splicing. Results Five intron size polymorphisms within 17 haplotypes were obtained from 80 individuals representing eight localities along the distribution of PSA in the Eastern coast of South America. In order to infer genetic structure and genetic relationships of PSA, these polymorphisms and haplotypes were used as markers for pairwise Fst analyses, Mantel's test and median joining network. The five cox2-3 haplotypes and the unique rbcL-S haplotype were used as markers for summary statistics, neutrality tests Tajima's D and Fu's Fs and for median joining network analyses. An event of demographic expansion from a population with low effective number, followed by a pattern of isolation by distance was obtained for PSA populations with the three analyses. In vitro experiments have shown that introns of different lengths were able to self-splice from pre-RNA transcripts. Conclusion The findings indicated that degenerated HEGs are reminiscent of the presence of a full-length and functional HEG, once fixed for PSA populations. The cline of HEG degeneration determined the pattern of isolation by distance. Analyses with the other markers indicated an event of demographic expansion from a population with low effective number. The different degrees of degeneration of the HEG do not refrain intron self-splicing. To our knowledge, this was the first study to address intraspecific evolutionary history of a nuclear group I intron; to use nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA for population level analyses of Porphyra; and intron size polymorphism as a marker for population genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Milstein
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, cep 05508-900, Brazil.
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Vis ML, Cameron Hodge J, Necchi O. PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF BATRACHOSPERMUM MACROSPORUM (BATRACHOSPERMALES, RHODOPHYTA) FROM NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2008; 44:882-888. [PMID: 27041605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phylogeographic trends in Batrachospermum macrosporum Mont. were investigated using the mitochondrial intergenic spacer between the cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 and 3 genes (cox2-3). A total of 11 stream segments were sampled with seven in the coastal plain of North America and four in tropical areas of South America. Fifteen thalli were sampled from seven streams, 14 thalli from two streams, and eight thalli from two streams. There were 16 haplotypes detected using 149 individuals. Of the eight haplotypes from locations in North America, all were 334 base pairs (bp) in length, and of those from South America, five were 344 bp, and three were 348 bp. Two individual networks were produced: one for the haplotypes from North America and another for those from South America, and these could not be joined due to the large number of base pair differences. This split between haplotypes from North and South America was confirmed with sequence data of the rbcL gene. There was very little genetic variation among the haplotypes from the North American locations, leading us to hypothesize that these are fairly recent colonization events along the coastal plain. In contrast, there was high variation among haplotypes from South America, and it would appear that the Amazon serves as a center of diversity. We detected considerable variation in haplotypes among streams, but frequently, a single haplotype in an individual stream segment, which is consistent with data from previous studies of other batrachospermalean taxa, may suggest a single colonization event per stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Vis
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio Unviersity, Athens, Ohio 45701, USAZoology and Botany Department, São Paulo State University, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J Cameron Hodge
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio Unviersity, Athens, Ohio 45701, USAZoology and Botany Department, São Paulo State University, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Orlando Necchi
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio Unviersity, Athens, Ohio 45701, USAZoology and Botany Department, São Paulo State University, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Vidal R, Meneses I, Smith M. PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE GENUS SPONGITES (CORALLINALES, RHODOPHYTA) FROM CHILE(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2008; 44:173-182. [PMID: 27041054 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Both the records and the descriptions of the crustose species of coralline algae on the southeastern coast of South America are from the early 1900s. Unlike other algae species on the coast of Chile, the biogeography and distribution of crustose corallines have not been studied despite their abundance. Through recent studies, it has been determined that the genus Spongites is the most conspicuous genus along the rocky intertidal of the Chilean coasts. It is also common to the entire coast of the Southern Hemisphere; however, the relationship between species and the possible reasons for their distribution is unknown. We used nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers and SEM observations of morphological characters to examine Spongites samples from the Southern Hemisphere and to establish the phylogeographic relationships of Chilean Spongites with specimens from other southern coasts. The combination of these analyses revealed the following: (i) a monophyletic clade that represents the Chilean Spongites and (ii) a paraphyletic clade for South African, New Zealand, and Argentine samples. Consequently, we postulate two nonexclusive hypotheses regarding the relationship of Spongites species in the Southern Hemisphere: (i) a complex history of extinction, speciation, and recolonization that might have erased original Gondwanan split patterns, and (ii) an Antarctic Peninsula origin for the Chilean Spongites species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Vidal
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Casilla 40 correo 33, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Meneses
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Casilla 40 correo 33, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Smith
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Casilla 40 correo 33, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
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Levialdi Ghiron JH, Amato A, Montresor M, Kooistra WHCF. Plastid Inheritance in the Planktonic Raphid Pennate Diatom Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima (Bacillariophyceae). Protist 2008; 159:91-8. [PMID: 17681490 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plastid inheritance was followed during sexual reproduction in the raphid pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima, using rbcL haplotypes as plastid identification tools. Pseudo-nitzschia species are dioecious and show functional anisogamy with 'male' mating type+(PNd(+)) cells and 'female' PNd(-) cells. Vegetative cells possess two plastids. In P. delicatissima, meiosis results in two gametes that both contribute two plastids to the zygote. The latter initially contains four plastids, but during auxospore development two of these four seem to disappear, and the initial cell emerging from the auxospore appears to contain only two. Here we assessed if the plastids are inherited strictly unipaternally, strictly biparentally, or randomly. We traced the source of the plastids in the F(1) generation by using PNd(+) and PNd(-) parental strains with different rbcL genotypes, here denoted AA (homoplastidial, with two plastids of rbcL haplotype A) and BB (homoplastidial; two plastids of haplotype B). Results showed that 16 out of 96 strains raised each from single F(1) cells had retained two paternal (PNd(+)) plastids, 20 had two maternal (PNd(-)) plastids and the remaining 60 had one maternal and one paternal plastid. This pattern is in accordance with the hypothesis that either two of the four plastids are eliminated during auxospore formation, or that all plastids are retained in the auxospore and segregate in pairs joining at random during the first mitotic division of the initial cell. Heteroplastidic F(1)-strains retained the AB genotype throughout the vegetative phase of their life cycle. The finding that 60 out of 96 F(1) strains were heteroplastidial contrasts with an absence of such genotypes in our strains raised from single cells sampled in the Gulf of Naples.
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Andreakis N, Procaccini G, Maggs C, Kooistra WHCF. Phylogeography of the invasive seaweed Asparagopsis (Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta) reveals cryptic diversity. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:2285-99. [PMID: 17561891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rhodophyte seaweed Asparagopsis armata Harvey is distributed in the northern and southern temperate zones, and its congener Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan abounds throughout the tropics and subtropics. Here, we determine intraspecific phylogeographic patterns to compare potential causes of the disjunctions in the distributions of both species. We obtained specimens throughout their ranges and inferred phylogenies from the hypervariable domains D1-D3 of the nuclear rDNA LSU, the plastid spacer between the large and small subunits of RuBisCo and the mitochondrial cox 2-3 intergenic spacer. The cox spacer acquired base changes the fastest and the RuBisCo spacer the slowest. Median-joining networks inferred from the sequences revealed the absence of phylogeographic structure in the introduced range of A. armata, corroborating the species' reported recent introduction. A. taxiformis consisted of three nuclear, three plastid and four mitochondrial genetically distinct, lineages (1-4). Mitochondrial lineage 3 is found in the western Atlantic, the Canary Islands and the eastern Mediterranean. Mitochondrial lineages 1, 2, and 4 occur in the Indo-Pacific, but one of them (lineage 2) is also found in the central Mediterranean and southern Portugal. Phylogeographic results suggest separation of Atlantic and Indo-Pacific lineages resulted from the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama, as well as from dispersal events postdating the closure event, such as the invasion of the Mediterranean Sea by mitochondrial lineages 2 and 3. Molecular clock estimates using the Panama closure event as a calibration for the split of lineages 3 and 4 suggest that A. taxiformis diverged into two main cryptic species (1 + 2 and 3 + 4) about 3.2-5.5 million years ago (Ma), and that the separation of the mitochondrial lineages 1 and 2 occurred 1-2.3 Ma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Andreakis
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Stazione Zoologica A Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
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Provan J, Wattier RA, Maggs CA. Phylogeographic analysis of the red seaweed Palmaria palmata reveals a Pleistocene marine glacial refugium in the English Channel. Mol Ecol 2005; 14:793-803. [PMID: 15723670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phylogeography has provided a new approach to the analysis of the postglacial history of a wide range of taxa but, to date, little is known about the effect of glacial periods on the marine biota of Europe. We have utilized a combination of nuclear, plastid and mitochondrial genetic markers to study the biogeographic history of the red seaweed Palmaria palmata in the North Atlantic. Analysis of the nuclear rDNA operon (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), the plastid 16S-trnI-trnA-23S-5S, rbcL-rbcS and rpl12-rps31-rpl9 regions and the mitochondrial cox2-3 spacer has revealed the existence of a previously unidentified marine refugium in the English Channel, along with possible secondary refugia off the southwest coast of Ireland and in northeast North America and/or Iceland. Coalescent and mismatch analyses date the expansion of European populations from approximately 128,000 BP and suggest a continued period of exponential growth since then. Consequently, we postulate that the penultimate (Saale) glacial maximum was the main event in shaping the biogeographic history of European P. palmata populations which persisted throughout the last (Weichselian) glacial maximum (c. 20,000 BP) in the Hurd Deep, an enigmatic trench in the English Channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Provan
- School of Biology and Biochemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland.
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Gabrielsen TM, Brochmann C, Rueness J. The Baltic Sea as a model system for studying postglacial colonization and ecological differentiation, exemplified by the red alga Ceramium tenuicorne. Mol Ecol 2002; 11:2083-95. [PMID: 12296950 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Baltic Sea provides a unique model system for studying genetic effects of postglacial colonization and ecological differentiation, because all marine organisms must have immigrated after the opening of the Danish Straits 8000 years ago and responded to the development of the steep Skagerrak-Baltic salinity gradient. The red alga Ceramium tenuicorne shows conspicuous variation in growth and reproduction along this gradient. Herein we obtained reproductive data coupled with two types of molecular markers, one organellar (cox2-3 spacer sequences of mitochondrial DNA; mtDNA) and one mainly nuclear (random amplified polymorphic DNAs; RAPDs). Nine main populations were sampled in a nested spatial hierarchy including three salinity regions (Oslofjorden, Kattegat, and the Baltic Sea), and nine additional populations were sampled for the mtDNA analysis. Asexuality was frequent at low (Baltic) and medium (Kattegat) salinities but virtually absent at the highest salinity (Oslofjorden). Five mtDNA haplotypes were observed, of which two highly divergent ones were common. One was restricted to and fixed in Oslofjorden, and the other, which was closely related to the three rare haplotypes, was found from southernmost Norway via Kattegat into the Baltic. The RAPD data revealed, on the other hand, a continuous cline corresponding to the salinity gradient, with 27.4% divergence among salinity regions and most of the variation stored at the smallest spatial scale analysed (64.2%; within 1 m2 subpopulations). The combined data suggest colonization from a diverse Atlantic glacial gene pool followed by (1) lineage sorting of ancestral mtDNA polymorphisms and (2) strong differential selection among nuclear genotypes along the salinity gradient, including selection for nonrecombinant multiplication of those best fit to the marginal low-salinity habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Gabrielsen
- Department of Biology, Section of Marine Botany, University of Oslo, PO Box 1069 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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