1
|
Woo WS, Shim SH, Kang G, Kim KH, Son HJ, Sohn MY, Lee S, Kim J, Seo JS, Kwon MG, Kim DH, Park CI. Assessment of Salinomycin's Potential to Treat Microcotyle sebastis in Korean Rockfish ( Sebastes schlegelii). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3233. [PMID: 37893959 PMCID: PMC10603687 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture, a crucial sector of the global food industry, faces a myriad of issues due to parasitic invasions. One such parasite, Microcotyle sebastis, which afflicts Korean rockfish in South Korea, has a significant economic impact. The impending danger of resistance to traditional anthelmintics necessitates the exploration of new antiparasitic candidates. Although the efficacy of salinomycin against aquatic parasites such as ciliates and sporozoans is known, its influence on monogeneans has yet to be studied. Therefore, this study investigated the efficacy and safety of salinomycin for the treatment of M. sebastis infections, presenting the first exploration of salinomycin's therapeutic potential against monogeneans. In vitro examinations revealed a minimum effective concentration of salinomycin of 5 mg/kg, which led to necrosis of the haptor upon dislodging from the gill filaments. The one-time oral administration of the drug at concentrations of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg showed a significant dose-dependent reduction in parasite counts, with no apparent behavioral side effects in Korean rockfish. Biochemical analyses monitored the liver, heart, and kidney enzymes, specifically aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB). At both 20 °C and 13 °C, no significant differences were observed in the levels of AST and ALT. However, at 20 °C, alterations in BUN levels were evident on Day 14, a deviation not observed at 13 °C. The CK-MB analysis revealed elevated enzyme levels at both temperatures when compared to the control group, reflecting the similar changes observed in terrestrial animals administered salinomycin. The biochemical data suggest that the oral administration of salinomycin is potentially more favorable at 13 °C than at 20 °C. Although our findings warrant further comprehensive studies, including on the long-term and potential effects on nontarget species and water quality, they also suggest that salinomycin could be considered as an alternative or adjunctive treatment if resistance to the currently used praziquantel against M. sebastis is confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Sik Woo
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2 Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoungsik Kang
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2 Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2 Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Son
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2 Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Sohn
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2 Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyeong Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Seo
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2 Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Woo WS, Kang G, Kim KH, Son HJ, Sohn MY, Lee JH, Seo JS, Kwon MG, Park CI. Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of Levamisole Hydrochloride against Microcotyle sebastis in Korean Rockfish ( Sebastes schlegelii): An In Vitro and In Vivo Approach. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1791. [PMID: 37889686 PMCID: PMC10252069 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections pose significant challenges in aquaculture, and the increasing resistance to conventional anthelmintics necessitates the exploration of alternative treatments. Levamisole hydrochloride (HCl) has demonstrated efficacy against monogenean infections in various fish species; however, research focused on Microcotyle sebastis infections in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of levamisole HCl against M. sebastis infections in Korean rockfish with the goal of optimizing anthelmintic usage in aquaculture. In this study, we first assessed the susceptibility of M. sebastis to levamisole HCl in vitro. Subsequently, in vivo evaluations were conducted to assess the drug's efficacy, safety, and to identify optimal administration methods. In vitro experiments revealed concentration-dependent sensitivity of M. sebastis to levamisole HCl, with a minimum effective concentration (MEC) of 100 mg/L. In vivo experiments employed oral administration, intraperitoneal injection, and immersion treatments based on the MEC. Oral administration proved to be a safe method, yielding efficacy rates of 27.3% and 41.6% for 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses, respectively, in contrast to the immersion and injection methods, which induced symptoms of abnormal swimming, vomiting, and death. Biochemical analyses conducted to assess the safety of levamisole HCl revealed a transient, statistically significant elevation in the levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) on day three post-administration at 20 °C. Following this, no substantial differences were observed. However, at 13 °C, the enzyme levels remained relatively consistent, emphasizing the role of water temperature conditions in influencing the action of levamisole HCl. Our research findings substantiate the efficacy of levamisole HCl against M. sebastis in Korean rockfish, underscoring its potential for safe oral administration. These results provide valuable insights for developing parasite control strategies involving levamisole HCl in Korean rockfish populations while minimizing adverse impacts on fish health and the environment. However, this study bears limitations due to its controlled setting and narrow focus. Future research should expand on these findings by testing levamisole HCl in diverse environments, exploring different administration protocols, and examining wider temperature ranges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Sik Woo
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2, Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoungsik Kang
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2, Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2, Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Son
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2, Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Sohn
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2, Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, 216, Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Seo
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, 216, Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, 216, Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2, Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics of potential inhibitors targeting sodium-bile acid co-transporter of carcinogenic liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010909. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Clonorchis sinensis requires bile acid transporters as this fluke inhabits bile juice-filled biliary ducts, which provide an extreme environment. Clonorchis sinensis sodium-bile acid co-transporter (CsSBAT) is indispensable for the fluke’s survival in the final host, as it circulates taurocholate and prevents bile toxicity in the fluke; hence, it is recognized as a useful drug target.
Methodology and principal findings
In the present study, using structure-based virtual screening approach, we presented inhibitor candidates targeting a bile acid-binding pocket of CsSBAT. CsSBAT models were built using tertiary structure modeling based on a bile acid transporter template (PDB ID: 3zuy and 4n7x) and were applied into AutoDock Vina for competitive docking simulation. First, potential compounds were identified from PubChem (holding more than 100,000 compounds) by applying three criteria: i) interacting more favorably with CsSBAT than with a human homolog, ii) intimate interaction to the inward- and outward-facing conformational states, iii) binding with CsSBAT preferably to natural bile acids. Second, two compounds were identified following the Lipinski’s rule of five. Third, other two compounds of molecular weight higher than 500 Da (Mr > 500 Da) were presumed to efficiently block the transporter via a feasible rational screening strategy. Of these candidates, compound 9806452 exhibited the least hepatotoxicity that may enhance drug-likeness properties.
Conclusions
It is proposed that compound 9806452 act as a potential inhibitor toward CsSBAT and further studies are warranted for drug development process against clonorchiasis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Norbury LJ, Shirakashi S, Power C, Nowak BF, Bott NJ. Praziquantel use in aquaculture - Current status and emerging issues. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2022; 18:87-102. [PMID: 35220160 PMCID: PMC8881684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are major constraints in fish mariculture. The anthelmintic praziquantel (PZQ) can effectively treat a range of flatworm parasites in a variety of fish species and has potential for broader application than its current use in the global aquaculture industry. In this review we report on PZQ's current use in the aquaculture industry and discuss its efficacy against various flatworm parasites of fish. Routes of PZQ administration are evaluated, along with issues related to palatability, pharmacokinetics and toxicity in fish, while PZQ's effects on non-target species, environmental impacts, and the development of drug-resistance are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Norbury
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sho Shirakashi
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Kindai University, Wakayama, 649-2211, Japan
| | - Cecilia Power
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara F Nowak
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, 7250, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nathan J Bott
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Avgustinovich D, Lvova M, Vishnivetskaya G, Tsyganov M, Orlovskaya I, Toporkova L, Goiman E, Dushkin A, Lyakhov N, Mordvinov V. Effects of Three-time Administration of a Supramolecular Complex of Praziquantel with Disodium Glycyrrhizinate on Trematode Opisthorchis felineus in Hamsters. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:623-630. [PMID: 33420597 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Praziquantel (PZQ) is the most commonly used anthelmintic drug for treating trematodiases. It was shown here that PZQ in complex with disodium glycyrrhizinate (PZQ-Na2GA, in the 1:10 ratio) has higher bioavailability than PZQ alone. Our aim was to determine the effects of three-time administration of PZQ-Na2GA in an experimental opisthorchiasis felinea model. METHODS The PZQ-Na2GA complex (1:10) at a 400 mg/kg dose (meaning 36.4 mg/kg PZQ) was administered to Opisthorchis felineus-infected hamsters three times under a "9:00 am-6:00 pm-9:00 am" regimen (PZQ-Na2GA × 3). Effects of treatment were assessed as a reduction of helminth load in the hamsters and as changes in physiological, hematological, and blood biochemical parameters. The helminths extracted from the liver of the hamsters that received PZQ-Na2GA thrice were assayed for sensitivity to PZQ in vitro. RESULTS PZQ-Na2GA × 3 reduced the number of O. felineus helminths in the liver by 87%, which is 30% better than a previously reported effect of one-time administration of the complex. Meanwhile, relative weights of the liver and thymus diminished, and some hematological parameters improved. The helminths extracted from the hamsters 1 month after the PZQ-Na2GA × 3 treatment showed elevated sensitivity to PZQ, as determined in vitro. CONCLUSION Compared with previously published data on the effectiveness of various drugs in experimental opisthorchiasis felinea, PZQ-Na2GA × 3 exerts the most potent anthelmintic effect. In addition, PZQ-Na2GA × 3 improves physiological status of O. felineus-infected hamsters and sensitizes the surviving parasites to subsequent PZQ treatment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Saijuntha W, Sithithaworn P, Petney TN, Andrews RH. Foodborne zoonotic parasites of the family Opisthorchiidae. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:404-411. [PMID: 33158552 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several foodborne zoonotic trematodes of the family Opisthorchiidae have been reported to infect people, specifically two genera, Clonorchis and Opisthorchis. Three species Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis felineus and Opisthorchis viverrini are the most extensivley studied of the Opisthorchiidae. At least 680 million people worldwide are at risk of infection of these liver flukes through the consumption of raw or partially cooked freshwater cyprinid fish. An estimated 45 million people in Europe and Asia are currently infected with these liver flukes. Of these, the 35 million are infected with C. sinensis mainly in China, 10 million with O. viverrini in Southeast Asia, and 1.2 million with O. felineus in Eastern Europe and Russia. These liver flukes have been proven to be causative agents of bile duct cancer or cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). A multidisciplinary program should be implemented involving comprehensive research on molecular genetics, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, as well as educational and control programs should progressively be introduced and applied in endemic regions of O. viverrini, O. felineus and C. sinensis throughout their ranges, hence, opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis free communities can be realised globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Trevor N Petney
- Departments of Zoology and Paleontology and Evolution, State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstrasse 13, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ross H Andrews
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li S, Chen X, Zhou J, Xie Z, Shang M, He L, Liang P, Chen T, Mao Q, Liang C, Li X, Huang Y, Yu X. Amino acids serve as an important energy source for adult flukes of Clonorchis sinensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008287. [PMID: 32352979 PMCID: PMC7217481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonorchiasis, caused by chronic infection with Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), is an important food-borne parasitic disease that seriously afflicts more than 35 million people globally, resulting in a socioeconomic burden in endemic regions. C. sinensis adults long-term inhabit the microaerobic and limited-glucose environment of the bile ducts. Energy metabolism plays a key role in facilitating the adaptation of adult flukes to crowded habitat and hostile environment. To understand energy source for adult flukes, we compared the component and content of free amino acids between C. sinensis-infected and uninfected bile. The results showed that the concentrations of free amino acids, including aspartic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, histidine, asparagine, threonine, lysine, hydroxylysine, and urea, were significantly higher in C. sinensis-infected bile than those in uninfected bile. Furthermore, exogenous amino acids could be utilized by adult flukes via the gluconeogenesis pathway regardless of the absence or presence of exogenous glucose, and the rate-limiting enzymes, such as C. sinensis glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and pyruvate carboxylase, exhibited high expression levels by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Interestingly, no matter whether exogenous glucose was present, inhibition of gluconeogenesis reduced the glucose and glycogen levels as well as the viability and survival time of adult flukes. These results suggest that gluconeogenesis might play a vital role in energy metabolism of C. sinensis and exogenous amino acids probably serve as an important energy source that benefits the continued survival of adult flukes in the host. Our study will be a cornerstone for illuminating the biological characteristics of C. sinensis and the host-parasite interactions. Clonorchiasis, closely related to cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, has led to a negative socioeconomic impact in global areas especially some Asian endemic regions. Owing to the emergence of drug resistance and hypersensitivity reactions after the massive and repeated use of praziquantel as well as the lack of effective vaccines, searching for new strategies that prevent and treat clonorchiasis has become an urgent matter. Clonorchis sinensis, the causative agent of clonorchiasis, long-term inhabits the microaerobic and limited-glucose environment of the bile ducts. Adequate nutrients are essential for adult flukes to resist the adverse condition and survive in the crowed habitat. Studies on energy metabolism of adult flukes are beneficial for further exploring host-parasite interactions and developing novel anti-parasitic drugs. Our results suggest that gluconeogenesis probably plays a vital role in energy metabolism of Clonorchis sinensis and exogenous amino acids might be an essential energy source for adult flukes to successfully survive in the host. Our foundational study opens a new avenue for explaining energy metabolism of Clonorchis sinensis and provides a valuable strategy that the gluconeogenesis pathway will be a potential and novel target for the prevention and treatment of clonorchiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Zhou
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Children’s Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhizhi Xie
- Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Shang
- Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingjin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Mao
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi Liang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YH); (XY)
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YH); (XY)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dai F, Song JH, Hong YP, Bai X, Sohn WM, Hong SJ. Dopaminergic antagonists inhibit bile chemotaxis of adult Clonorchis sinensis and its egg production. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008220. [PMID: 32226018 PMCID: PMC7145267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human clonorchiasis, caused by Clonorchis sinensis, is endemic in East Asian countries. C. sinensis metacercariae excyst in the duodenum of mammalian hosts, migrate to the intrahepatic bile duct, and mature into adults in the milieu of bile. We have previously shown that newly excysted juvenile C. sinensis move chemotactically toward bile and bile acids. Here, the chemotactic behavior of adult C. sinensis (CsAd) toward bile and bile acids was investigated. CsAds moved toward 0.05-5% bile and were most attracted to 0.5% bile but moved away from 10% bile. Upon exposure to 1-10% bile, CsAds eventually stopped moving and then died quickly. Among bile acids, CsAds showed strong chemotaxis toward cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid. On the contrary, CsAds repelled from lithocholic acid (LCA). Moreover, at higher than 10 mM LCA, CsAds became sluggish and eventually died. Dopamine D1 receptor antagonists (LE-300 and SKF-83566), D2/3 receptor antagonists (raclopride and its derivative CS-49612), and a dopamine re-uptake inhibitor inhibited CA-induced chemotaxis of CsAds almost completely. Clinically used antipsychotic drugs, namely chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and clozapine, are dopaminergic antagonists and are secreted into bile. They completely inhibited chemotaxis of CsAds toward CA. At the maximum doses used to treat patients, the three tested medicines only expelled 2-12% of CsAds from the experimentally infected rabbits, but reduced egg production by 64-79%. Thus, antipsychotic medicines with dopaminergic antagonism could be considered as new anthelmintic candidates for human C. sinensis infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuhong Dai
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Parasitology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jin-Ho Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Pyo Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuelian Bai
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, PR China
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vale N, Gouveia MJ, Gärtner F. Current and Novel Therapies Against Helminthic Infections: The Potential of Antioxidants Combined with Drugs. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E350. [PMID: 32106428 PMCID: PMC7175190 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Schistosoma haematobium and Opisthorchisviverrini are classified as Group 1 biological carcinogen and it has been postulated that parasites produce oxysterol and estrogen-like metabolites that might be considered as initiators of infection-associated carcinogenesis. Chemotherapy for these helminthic infections relies on a single drug, praziquantel, (PZQ) that mainly targets the parasite. Additionally, PZQ has some major drawbacks as inefficacy against juvenile form and alone it is not capable to counteract pathologies associated to infections or prevent carcinogenesis. There is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic approaches that not only target the parasite but also improve the pathologies associated to infection, and ultimately, counteract or/and prevent the carcinogenesis processes. Repurposing the drug in combination of compounds with different modes of action is a promising strategy to find novel therapeutics approaches against these helminthic infections and its pathologies. Here, we emphasized that using antioxidants either alone or combined with anthelmintic drugs could ameliorate tissue damage, infection-associated complications, moreover, could prevent the development of cancer associated to infections. Hence, antioxidants represent a potential adjuvant approach during treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. Despite the success of some strategies, there is a long way to go to implement novel therapies for schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vale
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria João Gouveia
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Center for the Study in Animal Science (CECA/ICETA), University of Porto, Rua de D. Manuel II, Apt 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tran AKT, Doan HT, Do AN, Nguyen VT, Hoang SX, Le HTT, Hoang HT, Le NH, Le QBT, Le TA. Prevalence, Species Distribution, and Related Factors of Fish-Borne Trematode Infection in Ninh Binh Province, Vietnam. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8581379. [PMID: 31467915 PMCID: PMC6699318 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8581379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background. Clonorchis sinensis/Opisthorchis viverrini and minute intestinal flukes (MIF) such as Haplorchis pumilio and H. taichui are fish-borne trematodes (FBT) that may coexist in regions where local people have a habit of eating raw fish like Vietnam. Responses to FBT should be verified according to the data on the distribution of these flukes. This study aims to explore the prevalence of different species of FBT and related factors among local people in a northern province of Vietnam. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kim Son and Yen Khanh districts, Ninh Binh province, between March 2016 and March 2017. Four hundred people aged 15 years or older were interviewed and gave stool samples. The FBT eggs in faecal samples were enumerated by modified formalin-ether technique and identified by sequencing of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region. Result. Among the 400 persons, 19.5% were infected with FBT. On univariate analysis, eating raw fish was the main risk factor (odds ratios (OR)) of 6.769 (95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.655-17.259) followed by being of male gender (3.994 (CI95% 2.117-7.536)) and drinking alcohol (2.680 (CI95% 1.440-4.986)), respectively. There was no risk of increased infection among those living at home without hygienic latrines, those living close to rivers or having ponds, or those raising cats or dogs. By multivariate analysis, FBT infection was only related to the consumption of raw fish and gender. Seventy stool samples with a sufficient amount of faecal matter were subjected to DNA extraction, 42.85% of them yielded DNA production, and all were of Clonorchis sinensis. Conclusion. Results of the study showed the high prevalence of infection of fish-borne trematode, mostly C. sinensis among humans in Ninh Binh province. The prevention of FBT should be strengthened with programs detailed according to the distribution of FBT in different endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Kieu Thi Tran
- Paediatric Department, Vinh Medical University, 161 Nguyen Phong Sac, Vinh, Nghe An, Vietnam
| | | | - Anh Ngoc Do
- Department of Parasitology, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Van Thi Nguyen
- Department of Parasitology, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Su Xuan Hoang
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogens, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thu Thi Le
- Department of Microbiology and Biology, Ha Noi University of Pharmacy, 13 Le Thanh Tong, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Thi Hoang
- Fundamental Medicine Department, Nam Dinh University of Nursing, 257 Han Thuyen Street, Nam Dinh City, Vietnam
| | - Nam Hoang Le
- Ninh Binh Centre for Disease Control, Le Thai To Road, Nam Thanh Ward, Ninh Binh City, Ninh Binh province, Vietnam
| | | | - Tran-Anh Le
- Department of Parasitology, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li L, Liu X, Zhou B, Zhang S, Wang G, Ma G, Chen R, Zou Y, Cao W, Li T. Multiple food-borne trematodiases with profound systemic involvement: a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:526. [PMID: 31200659 PMCID: PMC6570942 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-borne trematodiases are an important group of neglected global diseases. Affected patients in regions with low prevalence usually experience delayed diagnosis, especially when presenting with atypical clinical symptoms. Here, we presented a rare case of a Chinese patient infected with three food-borne trematodiases. CASE PRESENTATION A 42-year-old man presented with diarrhea, lower extremity edema, and symptoms of cardiac dysfunction. He had a history of intermittent consumption of raw freshwater fishes for 6-7 years. Upon evaluation, he had eosinophilia, anemia, intrahepatic bile duct dilatation and a growing space-occupying lesion in the left atrium. The patient underwent a cardiac surgery which revealed an endocardial hematoma due to mechanical injuries. Imaging investigations also revealed intracranial and pulmonary lesions. A total of three trematodiases were diagnosed based upon microscopic stool examination, from which eggs of Clonorchis sinensis, Heterophyidae and Echinostomatidae were identified. Deposition of Clonorchis sinensis eggs was also observed from ileocecal squash slides. The patient was successfully treated with three cycles of praziquantel. CONCLUSIONS Food-borne trematodiases may present with systemic involvement. Patients with dietary history of high risk or atypical ingestions should be evaluated for parasitic infection, even in non-endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinchao Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Baotong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guotao Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ruxuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Beijing Institute of Tropical Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Taisheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Harrington D, Lamberton PHL, McGregor A. Human liver flukes. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2:680-689. [PMID: 28786389 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(17)30111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fluke infections occur in people worldwide. In some low-income regions, a combination of ecological, agricultural, and culinary factors leads to a very high prevalence of infection but, in higher-income regions, infections are uncommon. Infection is associated with substantial morbidity and several liver fluke species are recognised as biological carcinogens. Here, we review the epidemiology, clinical significance, and diagnostic and treatment strategies of human infection with these pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Harrington
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Poppy H L Lamberton
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, and Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alastair McGregor
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Improved genomic resources and new bioinformatic workflow for the carcinogenic parasite Clonorchis sinensis: Biotechnological implications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:894-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
14
|
Lam NS, Long X, Su XZ, Lu F. Artemisinin and its derivatives in treating helminthic infections beyond schistosomiasis. Pharmacol Res 2018; 133:77-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
15
|
Saijuntha W, Duenngai K, Tangkawattana S, Petney TN, Andrews RH, Sithithaworn P. Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Detection of Opisthorchis viverrini Sensu Lato in Human and Intermediate Hosts for Use in Control and Elimination Programs. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 101:177-214. [PMID: 29907254 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchiasis is a neglected tropical disease, caused by infection with the fish-borne trematode Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato that afflicts more than 10million people in Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia. The disease is characterized by a chronic infection that induces hepatobiliary inflammation, especially periductal fibrosis, which can be detected by ultrasonography. This chronic inflammation eventually leads to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a usually fatal bile duct cancer that develops in approximately 1% of O. viverrini-infected individuals. In Thailand alone, CCA kills up to 20,000 people every year and is therefore of substantial public health importance. Its socioeconomic impacts on impoverished families and communities are considerable. To reduce O. viverrini-associated morbidity and CCA, the primary intervention measures focus on opisthorchiasis control and elimination. Accurate diagnoses of O. viverrini infection, in both mammalian, snail and fish intermediate hosts, are important for achieving these goals. Despite extensive efforts over several decades to find sensitive and specific diagnostics for opisthorchiasis, a simple and robust diagnostic method is still required. Here we review earlier and current developments in the search for new diagnostics for opisthorchiasis, with practical applications in the research laboratory, the clinic and the field. Of the methods currently available, the urine antigen assay shows considerable potential for the diagnosis and screening of opisthorchiasis. Nevertheless, these new assays require validation, determination of their cost-effectiveness when applied for mass screening in an endemic setting in support of policy decisions for national public health programs aimed at the control and elimination of opisthorchiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Duenngai
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phetchabun Rajabhat University, Phetchabun, Thailand
| | - Sirikachorn Tangkawattana
- Department of Vetrinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Trevor N Petney
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP) and Institute of Cholangiocarcinoma, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Institute of Zoology 1: Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ross H Andrews
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP) and Institute of Cholangiocarcinoma, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP) and Institute of Cholangiocarcinoma, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tatonova YV, Chelomina GN, Nguyen HM. Inter-individual and intragenomic variations in the ITS region of Clonorchis sinensis (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae) from Russia and Vietnam. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 55:350-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
17
|
Kim YJ, Yoo WG, Lee MR, Kang JM, Na BK, Cho SH, Park MY, Ju JW. Molecular and Structural Characterization of the Tegumental 20.6-kDa Protein in Clonorchis sinensis as a Potential Druggable Target. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E557. [PMID: 28273846 PMCID: PMC5372573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tegument, representing the membrane-bound outer surface of platyhelminth parasites, plays an important role for the regulation of the host immune response and parasite survival. A comprehensive understanding of tegumental proteins can provide drug candidates for use against helminth-associated diseases, such as clonorchiasis caused by the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis. However, little is known regarding the physicochemical properties of C. sinensis teguments. In this study, a novel 20.6-kDa tegumental protein of the C. sinensis adult worm (CsTegu20.6) was identified and characterized by molecular and in silico methods. The complete coding sequence of 525 bp was derived from cDNA clones and encodes a protein of 175 amino acids. Homology search using BLASTX showed CsTegu20.6 identity ranging from 29% to 39% with previously-known tegumental proteins in C. sinensis. Domain analysis indicated the presence of a calcium-binding EF-hand domain containing a basic helix-loop-helix structure and a dynein light chain domain exhibiting a ferredoxin fold. We used a modified method to obtain the accurate tertiary structure of the CsTegu20.6 protein because of the unavailability of appropriate templates. The CsTegu20.6 protein sequence was split into two domains based on the disordered region, and then, the structure of each domain was modeled using I-TASSER. A final full-length structure was obtained by combining two structures and refining the whole structure. A refined CsTegu20.6 structure was used to identify a potential CsTegu20.6 inhibitor based on protein structure-compound interaction analysis. The recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. In C. sinensis, CsTegu20.6 mRNAs were abundant in adult and metacercariae, but not in the egg. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CsTegu20.6 localized to the surface of the tegument in the adult fluke. Collectively, our results contribute to a better understanding of the structural and functional characteristics of CsTegu20.6 and homologs of flukes. One compound is proposed as a putative inhibitor of CsTegu20.6 to facilitate further studies for anthelmintics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jung Kim
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Chungbuk 28159, Korea.
| | - Won Gi Yoo
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Chungbuk 28159, Korea.
| | - Myoung-Ro Lee
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Chungbuk 28159, Korea.
| | - Jung-Mi Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
| | - Shin-Hyeong Cho
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Chungbuk 28159, Korea.
| | - Mi-Yeoun Park
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Chungbuk 28159, Korea.
| | - Jung-Won Ju
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Chungbuk 28159, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dai F, Yoo WG, Lee JY, Lu Y, Pak JH, Sohn WM, Hong SJ. Molecular and structural characteristics of multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 in Chinese liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:953-962. [PMID: 28058535 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 (MRP7, ABCC10) is a C subfamily member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. MRP7 is a lipophilic anion transporter that pumps endogenous and xenobiotic substrates from the cytoplasm to the extracellular milieu. Here, we cloned and characterized CsMRP7 as a novel ABC transporter from the Chinese liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis. Full-length cDNA of CsMRP7 was 5174 nt, encoded 1636 amino acids (aa), and harbored a 147-bp 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) and 116-bp 3'-UTR. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that CsMRP7 was closer to the ABCC subfamily than the ABCB subfamily. Tertiary structures of the N-terminal region (1-322 aa) and core region (323-1621 aa) of CsMRP7 were generated by homology modeling using glucagon receptor (PDB ID: 5ee7_A) and P-glycoprotein (PDB ID: 4f4c_A) as templates, respectively. CsMRP7 nucleotide-binding domain 2 (NBD2) was conserved more than NBD1, which was the sites of ATP binding and hydrolysis. Like typical long MRPs, CsMRP7 has an additional membrane-spanning domain 0 (MSD0) and cytoplasmic loop, along with a common structural fold consisting of MSD1-NBD1-MSD2-NBD2 as a single polypeptide assembly. MSD0, MSD1, and MSD2 consisted of TM1-7, TM8-13, and TM14-19, respectively. The CsMRP7 transcript was more abundant in the metacercariae than in the adult worms. Truncated NBD1 (39 kDa) and NBD2 (44 kDa) were produced in bacteria and mouse immune sera were raised. CsMRP7 was localized in the apical side of the intestinal epithelium, sperm in the testes and seminal receptacle, receptacle membrane, and mesenchymal tissue around intestine in the adult worm. These results provide molecular information and insights into structural and functional characteristics of CsMRP7 and homologs of flukes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuhong Dai
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Won Gi Yoo
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Yanyan Lu
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Jhang Ho Pak
- Department of Convergence Medicine University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tang ZL, Huang Y, Yu XB. Current status and perspectives of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, omics, prevention and control. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:71. [PMID: 27384714 PMCID: PMC4933995 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonorchiasis, caused by Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), is an important food-borne parasitic disease and one of the most common zoonoses. Currently, it is estimated that more than 200 million people are at risk of C. sinensis infection, and over 15 million are infected worldwide. C. sinensis infection is closely related to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), fibrosis and other human hepatobiliary diseases; thus, clonorchiasis is a serious public health problem in endemic areas. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, disease burden and treatment of clonorchiasis as well as summarizes the techniques for detecting C. sinensis infection in humans and intermediate hosts and vaccine development against clonorchiasis. Newer data regarding the pathogenesis of clonorchiasis and the genome, transcriptome and secretome of C. sinensis are collected, thus providing perspectives for future studies. These advances in research will aid the development of innovative strategies for the prevention and control of clonorchiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Li Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Bing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Integrated parasite management: path to sustainable control of fishborne trematodes in aquaculture. Trends Parasitol 2015; 31:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
21
|
Chelomina GN, Tatonova YV, Hung NM, Ngo HD. Genetic diversity of the Chinese liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis from Russia and Vietnam. Int J Parasitol 2014; 44:795-810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Lier T, Do DT, Johansen MV, Nguyen TH, Dalsgaard A, Asfeldt AM. High reinfection rate after preventive chemotherapy for fishborne zoonotic trematodes in Vietnam. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2958. [PMID: 24945411 PMCID: PMC4063704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization aims for complete morbidity control of fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) in endemic areas by 2020. The main intervention tool for achieving this goal is regular use of preventive chemotherapy by offering praziquantel to those at risk in endemic areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of preventive chemotherapy to control FZT in an endemic area in Northern Vietnam. Methodology and principle findings We followed a cohort of 396 people who fulfilled the criteria for receiving preventive chemotherapy. Stool samples were examined by Kato-Katz technique for the presence of trematode eggs before, and two, 16, 29 and 60 weeks after preventive chemotherapy. The prevalence of trematode eggs in stool was 40.2% before, 2.3% two weeks after and increased to a cumulative prevalence of 29.8% sixty weeks after preventive chemotherapy. Conclusions The effectiveness of preventive chemotherapy as a main component in control of FZT is not well documented in most endemic areas. We found a high reinfection rate within the first year after preventive chemotherapy. Since these trematodes are zoonoses, preventive chemotherapy may not have sufficient impact alone on the transmission to have a lasting effect on the prevalence. Animal reservoirs and farm management practices must be targeted to achieve sustainable control of fishborne zoonotic trematode infections, hence control programs should consider a One Health approach. Fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) are small parasitic flatworms (flukes) living either in the intrahepatic bile ducts or in the intestines of humans and many species of animals and birds. Transmission occurs by eating infected raw freshwater fish. FZT are especially common in Southeast and East Asia. WHO suggests using preventive chemotherapy in the control of these parasites by providing an effective drug, praziquantel, once a year to either all inhabitants in the endemic areas or selectively to those who are at special risk because they eat raw fish. Preventive chemotherapy has been used for some years in Northern Vietnam, but the effectiveness has not been thoroughly examined. We followed a group of 396 people who had eaten raw fish and examined the stool for the presence of trematode eggs before preventive chemotherapy and two, 16, 29 and 60 weeks after. The proportions of egg positive persons were 40.2% before, 2.3% two weeks after and increased to 29.8% sixty weeks after preventive chemotherapy. We found a high rate of reinfection. Contribution from animals to the transmission implies that preventive chemotherapy of humans alone will most likely be insufficient to control the FZT infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tore Lier
- Department for Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Dung Trung Do
- Department for Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology (NIMPE), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Maria Vang Johansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thi Hop Nguyen
- Department for Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology (NIMPE), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Asfeldt
- Department for Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yao Q, Chen K, Yao L, Lyu PH, Yang TA, Luo F, Chen SQ, He LY, Liu ZY. Scientometric trends and knowledge maps of global health systems research. Health Res Policy Syst 2014; 12:26. [PMID: 24903126 PMCID: PMC4065315 DOI: 10.1186/1478-4505-12-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last few decades, health systems research (HSR) has garnered much attention with a rapid increase in the related literature. This study aims to review and evaluate the global progress in HSR and assess the current quantitative trends. METHODS Based on data from the Web of Science database, scientometric methods and knowledge visualization techniques were applied to evaluate global scientific production and develop trends of HSR from 1900 to 2012. RESULTS HSR has increased rapidly over the past 20 years. Currently, there are 28,787 research articles published in 3,674 journals that are listed in 140 Web of Science subject categories. The research in this field has mainly focused on public, environmental and occupational health (6,178, 21.46%), health care sciences and services (5,840, 20.29%), and general and internal medicine (3,783, 13.14%). The top 10 journals had published 2,969 (10.31%) articles and received 5,229 local citations and 40,271 global citations. The top 20 authors together contributed 628 papers, which accounted for a 2.18% share in the cumulative worldwide publications. The most productive author was McKee, from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, with 48 articles. In addition, USA and American institutions ranked the first in health system research productivity, with high citation times, followed by the UK and Canada. CONCLUSIONS HSR is an interdisciplinary area. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries showed they are the leading nations in HSR. Meanwhile, American and Canadian institutions and the World Health Organization play a dominant role in the production, collaboration, and citation of high quality articles. Moreover, health policy and analysis research, health systems and sub-systems research, healthcare and services research, health, epidemiology and economics of communicable and non-communicable diseases, primary care research, health economics and health costs, and pharmacy of hospital have been identified as the mainstream topics in HSR fields. These findings will provide evidence of the current status and trends in HSR all over the world, as well as clues to the impact of this popular topic; thus, helping scientific researchers and policy makers understand the panorama of HSR and predict the dynamic directions of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yao
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Lan Yao
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Peng-hui Lyu
- Center for Studies of Information Resources, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Tian-an Yang
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz München 180539, Germany
| | - Fei Luo
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shan-quan Chen
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Lu-yang He
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhi-yong Liu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Molecular characterization of voltage-gated calcium channel β-subunits of Clonorchis sinensis. Parasitol Res 2013; 113:121-9. [PMID: 24221884 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel β-subunit is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase family and modulates kinetic properties of the Ca(2+) channels, such as their voltage-dependent activation and inactivation rates. Two cDNA clones were identified to encode each β-subunit isotype of the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel of Clonorchis sinensis, CsCavβ1 and CsCavβ2, which consist of 606 and 887 amino acids, respectively. CsCavβ1 was found to be similar to the β-subunit containing two conserved serine residues that constitute the consensus protein kinase C phosphorylation site in the β-interaction domain (BID). CsCavβ2 had cysteine and alanine residues instead of the two serine residues conserved in BID and was homologous to variant β-subunit of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum. CsCavβ1 and CsCavβ2 were almost equally expressed in the adults and metacercariae, but were more expressed in adult C. sinensis than in metacercariae. Collectively, our findings suggest that substitution of the two serine residues in BID of CsCavβ2 may render C. sinensis sensitive to praziquantel.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yao Q, Lyu PH, Ma FC, Yao L, Zhang SJ. Global informetric perspective studies on translational medical research. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2013; 13:77. [PMID: 23885955 PMCID: PMC3733606 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6947-13-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Translational medical research literature has increased rapidly in the last few decades and played a more and more important role during the development of medicine science. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the global performance of translational medical research during the past few decades. Methods Bibliometric, social network analysis, and visualization technologies were used for analyzing translational medical research performance from the aspects of subject categories, journals, countries, institutes, keywords, and MeSH terms. Meanwhile, the co-author, co-words and cluster analysis methods were also used to trace popular topics in translational medical research related work. Results Research output suggested a solid development in translational medical research, in terms of increasing scientific production and research collaboration. We identified the core journals, mainstream subject categories, leading countries, and institutions in translational medical research. There was an uneven distribution of publications at authorial, institutional, and national levels. The most commonly used keywords that appeared in the articles were “translational research”, “translational medicine”, “biomarkers”, “stroke”, “inflammation”, “cancer”, and “breast cancer”. Conclusions The subject categories of “Research & Experimental Medicine”, “Medical Laboratory Technology”, and “General & Internal Medicine” play a key role in translational medical research both in production and in its networks. Translational medical research and CTS, etc. are core journals of translational research. G7 countries are the leading nations for translational medical research. Some developing countries, such as P.R China, also play an important role in the communication of translational research. The USA and its institutions play a dominant role in the production, collaboration, citations and high quality articles. The research trends in translational medical research involve drug design and development, pathogenesis and treatment of disease, disease model research, evidence-based research, and stem and progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yao
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gonçalves JP, Oliveira-Menezes A, Maldonado Junior A, Carvalho TM, de Souza W. Evaluation of Praziquantel effects on Echinostoma paraensei ultrastructure. Vet Parasitol 2013; 194:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
27
|
Chai JY. Praziquantel treatment in trematode and cestode infections: an update. Infect Chemother 2013; 45:32-43. [PMID: 24265948 PMCID: PMC3780935 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2013.45.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Status and emerging issues in the use of praziquantel for treatment of human trematode and cestode infections are briefly reviewed. Since praziquantel was first introduced as a broadspectrum anthelmintic in 1975, innumerable articles describing its successful use in the treatment of the majority of human-infecting trematodes and cestodes have been published. The target trematode and cestode diseases include schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis, heterophyidiasis, echinostomiasis, fasciolopsiasis, neodiplostomiasis, gymnophalloidiasis, taeniases, diphyllobothriasis, hymenolepiasis, and cysticercosis. However, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica infections are refractory to praziquantel, for which triclabendazole, an alternative drug, is necessary. In addition, larval cestode infections, particularly hydatid disease and sparganosis, are not successfully treated by praziquantel. The precise mechanism of action of praziquantel is still poorly understood. There are also emerging problems with praziquantel treatment, which include the appearance of drug resistance in the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni and possibly Schistosoma japonicum, along with allergic or hypersensitivity reactions against praziquantel treatment. To cope with and overcome these problems, combined use of drugs, i.e., praziquantel and other newly introduced compounds such as triclabendazole, artemisinins, and tribendimidine, is being tried.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Qian MB, Yap P, Yang YC, Liang H, Jiang ZH, Li W, Tan YG, Zhou H, Utzinger J, Zhou XN, Keiser J. Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine against Clonorchis sinensis. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 56:e76-82. [PMID: 23223597 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchiasis is of considerable public health importance, particularly in the People's Republic of China (PR China), where most of the 15 million individuals infected with Clonorchis sinensis are currently concentrated. Praziquantel is the drug of choice, but tribendimidine might be an alternative. METHODS We performed a randomized open-label trial in Guangxi, PR China, to assess the efficacy and safety of 400 mg tribendimidine once, 400 mg tribendimidine daily for 3 days, and 75 mg/kg praziquantel in 1 day divided in 3 doses against parasitological-confirmed C. sinensis infections. Cure and egg reduction rates were determined 3 weeks posttreatment using available case analysis. Clinical symptoms were documented at baseline, and adverse events were recorded and graded 3 and 24 hours after each dose. RESULTS A total of 74 patients were included in the final analysis. Single-dose tribendimidine achieved a cure rate of 44%, whereas cure rates of 58% and 56% were obtained for tribendimidine administered for 3 days and praziquantel, respectively. High egg reduction rates (97.6%-98.8%) were observed for all treatment regimens. Single-dose tribendimidine was the best-tolerated treatment scheme. Patients treated with praziquantel experienced significantly more adverse events than did tribendimidine recipients (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Tribendimidine has an efficacy comparable to praziquantel in the treatment of C. sinensis infection and resulted in fewer adverse events compared to praziquantel. Larger clinical trials are warranted among C. sinensis-infected patients to determine the potential of tribendimidine against clonorchiasis and other helminthiases. Clinical Trials Registration.Controlled-Trials.com, ISRCTN80829842.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Men-Bao Qian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Toledo R, Esteban JG, Fried B. Current status of food-borne trematode infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:1705-18. [PMID: 22228314 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Food-borne trematodiases constitute an important group of the most neglected tropical diseases, not only in terms of research funding, but also in the public media. The Trematoda class contains a great number of species that infect humans and are recognized as the causative agents of disease. The biological cycle, geographical distribution, and epidemiology of most of these trematode species have been well characterized. Traditionally, these infections were limited, for the most part, in populations living in low-income countries, particularly in Southeast Asia, and were associated with poverty. However, the geographical limits and the population at risk are currently expanding and changing in relation to factors such as growing international markets, improved transportation systems, and demographic changes. The diagnosis of these diseases is based on parasitological techniques and only a limited number of drugs are currently available for treatment, most of which are unspecific. Therefore, in-depth studies are urgently needed in order to clarify the current epidemiology of these helminth infections and to identify new and specific targets for both effective diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we describe the biology, medical and epidemiological features, and current treatment and diagnostic tools of the main groups of flukes and the corresponding diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Toledo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yoo WG, Kim DW, Ju JW, Cho PY, Kim TI, Cho SH, Choi SH, Park HS, Kim TS, Hong SJ. Developmental transcriptomic features of the carcinogenic liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1208. [PMID: 21738807 PMCID: PMC3125140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis is the causative agent of the life-threatening disease endemic to China, Korea, and Vietnam. It is estimated that about 15 million people are infected with this fluke. C. sinensis provokes inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, and periductal fibrosis in bile ducts, and may cause cholangiocarcinoma in chronically infected individuals. Accumulation of a large amount of biological information about the adult stage of this liver fluke in recent years has advanced our understanding of the pathological interplay between this parasite and its hosts. However, no developmental gene expression profiles of C. sinensis have been published. In this study, we generated gene expression profiles of three developmental stages of C. sinensis by analyzing expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Complementary DNA libraries were constructed from the adult, metacercaria, and egg developmental stages of C. sinensis. A total of 52,745 ESTs were generated and assembled into 12,830 C. sinensis assembled EST sequences, and then these assemblies were further categorized into groups according to biological functions and developmental stages. Most of the genes that were differentially expressed in the different stages were consistent with the biological and physical features of the particular developmental stage; high energy metabolism, motility and reproduction genes were differentially expressed in adults, minimal metabolism and final host adaptation genes were differentially expressed in metacercariae, and embryonic genes were differentially expressed in eggs. The higher expression of glucose transporters, proteases, and antioxidant enzymes in the adults accounts for active uptake of nutrients and defense against host immune attacks. The types of ion channels present in C. sinensis are consistent with its parasitic nature and phylogenetic placement in the tree of life. We anticipate that the transcriptomic information on essential regulators of development, bile chemotaxis, and physico-metabolic pathways in C. sinensis that presented in this study will guide further studies to identify novel drug targets and diagnostic antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Gi Yoo
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Genome Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology and University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won Ju
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyo Yun Cho
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Im Kim
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyeong Cho
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Haeng Choi
- Genome Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology and University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seog Park
- Genome Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology and University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (H-SP); (T-SK); (S-JH)
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Parasitology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (H-SP); (T-SK); (S-JH)
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (H-SP); (T-SK); (S-JH)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Keiser J, Utzinger J. The drugs we have and the drugs we need against major helminth infections. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2010; 73:197-230. [PMID: 20627144 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(10)73008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic worms (helminths) have accompanied humans for thousands of years and, still today, they are pervasive where poverty persists, including large parts of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific Region. The global strategy for the control of helminth infections is morbidity control and elimination as a public health problem. Regular administration of anthelminthic drugs to at-risk populations (e.g. school-aged children) serves as the backbone of interventions in areas where helminth infections are highly endemic. In this review, we focus on soil-transmitted helminthiasis (ascariasis, hookworm disease, strongyloidiasis and trichuriasis) and food-borne trematodiasis (clonorchiasis, fascioliasis, intestinal fluke infections, opisthorchiasis and paragonimiasis) and discuss the few drugs that are currently available for their treatment and control. Emphasis is placed on efficacy with new light shed on multiple dosing and combination therapy. We summarise recent advances made with anthelminthic drugs that might become the future armentarium for the control of major helminthiasis (e.g. artemisinins, cyclooctadepsipeptides, mefloquine, monepantel, nitazoxandide, synthetic peroxides and tribendimidine). Issuing from our review are current research gaps and the need for concerted efforts to discover, develop and deploy the next generation of anthelminthic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Effectiveness of mefloquine against Clonorchis sinensis in rats and Paragonimus westermani in dogs. Parasitol Res 2010; 107:1391-7. [PMID: 20680332 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to explore the effect of mefloquine against Clonorchis sinensis and Paragonimus westermani. For anti-C. sinensis study, a total of 71 rats were divided into four batches for oral infection of each rat with 50 C. sinensis metacercariae. Five to 7 weeks post-infection, groups of rats were treated orally with mefloquine at single doses or multiple daily doses while infected, but untreated rats served as control. All treated rats were euthanized 2 weeks post-treatment for assessment of efficacy. For anti-P. westermani study, two batches of eight and ten dogs were each infected intraperitoneally with 100 P. westermani metacercariae. Eighty-five to 96 days post-infection, groups of two or three dogs were treated orally with mefloquine and groups of two dogs were treated with praziquantel at a single dose or multiple doses. In each batch of test, three untreated but infected dogs served as control. All treated dogs were euthanized 26-30 days post-treatment for evaluation of efficacy. In rats infected with C. sinensis and treated orally with mefloquine at a single dose of 75 and 150 mg/kg, no effect against C. sinensis was observed. When the dose of mefloquine was increased to 250 mg/kg, one third (five out of 15) rats died 3-5 days post-treatment. Although the mean worm burden was lower than that of the control, the difference between the treated and control groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05) with worm burden reduction of 22.4%. Whereas, the group of infected rats received mefloquine at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg for 3 days, one out of five rats died after the last administration. The mean worm burden was significantly lower than that of the control with worm burden reduction of 67.6% (P<0.01). In the first test of mefloquine against P. westermani, three infected dogs received two oral doses of the drug, 50 mg/kg, given at a 4-h interval, the mean worm burden were similar to that of the control. While other two dogs were treated with praziquantel at the same dose schedule, the worm burden reduction of 78% was observed. In the second test, three and two dogs were treated with mefloquine 50 mg/kg daily for 5 days or 100 mg/kg daily for 2 days; the mean worm burdens of the two groups were lower than that of the control with worm burden reduction of 65.6% and 51.9%, respectively. However, only the difference of mean worm burdens between mefloquine 50 mg/kg given daily for 5 days and the control was statistically significant (P<0.05). Other two dogs treated with praziquantel at a single dose of 100 mg/kg were cured. The results indicate that under the appropriate dose schedule mefloquine exhibits less effect against C. sinensis in rats and P. westermani in dogs.
Collapse
|
33
|
Cai XQ, Xu MJ, Wang YH, Qiu DY, Liu GX, Lin A, Tang JD, Zhang RL, Zhu XQ. Sensitive and rapid detection of Clonorchis sinensis infection in fish by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Parasitol Res 2010; 106:1379-83. [PMID: 20232082 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The fish-borne clonorchiasis caused by the oriental liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis is endemic in a number of countries with over 35 million people being infected globally. Rapid and accurate detection of C. sinensis in its intermediate host fish is important for the control and prevention of clonorchiasis in areas where the disease is endemic. In the present study, we established a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) approach for the sensitive and rapid detection of C. sinensis metacercariae in fish. The specificity and sensitivity of primers designed from the C. sinensis cathepsins B3 gene were evaluated, and specific amplification products were obtained with C. sinensis, while no amplification products were detected with DNA of related trematodes, demonstrating the specificity of the assay. The LAMP assay was proved to be 100 times more sensitive than a conventional polymerase chain reaction for detection of C. sinensis. The established LAMP assay provides a useful tool for the rapid and sensitive detection of C. sinensis in fish, which has important implications for the effective control of human clonorchiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Q Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Choi MH, Park SK, Li Z, Ji Z, Yu G, Feng Z, Xu L, Cho SY, Rim HJ, Lee SH, Hong ST. Effect of control strategies on prevalence, incidence and re-infection of clonorchiasis in endemic areas of China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e601. [PMID: 20169061 PMCID: PMC2821909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A pilot clonorchiasis control project was implemented to evaluate the efficacies of various chemotherapy strategies on prevalence, incidence and re-infection in Heilongjiang Province, China. Methods and Findings Seven intervention groups (14,139 residents, about 2000 in each group) in heavily or moderately endemic areas were subjected to repeated praziquantel administration from 2001 to 2004. In the selective chemotherapy groups, residents were examined for fecal eggs, and those who tested positive were treated with three doses of 25 mg/kg praziquantel at 5-hour-intervals in one day. However, all residents were treated in the mass chemotherapy groups. In heavily endemic areas, two mass treatments of all residents in 2001 and 2003 reduced the prevalence from 69.5% to 18.8%, while four annual mass treatments reduced the prevalence from 48.0% in 2001 to 8.4% in 2004. Selective annual treatments for egg-positive subjects reduced the egg-positive rates from 54.9% in 2001 to 15.0% in 2004 or from 73.2% in 2001 to 12.3% in 2004. Selective treatments every 6 months significantly reduced the prevalence from 59.5% in 2001 to 7.5% in 2004. All of the repeated treatments reduced EPG (eggs per gram of feces) significantly. The annual mass treatment and selective treatment every 6 months produced lower prevalence and re-infection rates and higher egg reduction rate than annual selective treatments did. In the moderate endemic areas, egg positive rates were 24.8% and 29.7% in 2001 but were 1.9% and 1.3% after 2 or 3 selective treatments. The prevalence, incidence, re-infection rates in a moderately endemic area were significantly lower than those of heavy endemic areas. Conclusions Repeated mass treatment or selective treatment with praziquantel every 6 to 12 months is highly effective for clonorchiasis control in heavily endemic areas. In contrast, one or two selective treatments with health education is effective in moderately endemic areas. Clonorchiasis is a liver fluke disease prevalent in East Asia, which is transmitted to humans mainly by eating raw freshwater fish. It induces various complications in the liver or bile duct including cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, and cirrhosis. Clonorchis sinensis has been known to cause cholangiocarcinoma, and is still a major health problem in endemic areas. People in endemic areas are repeatedly infected with C. sinensis, as they continue to consume raw freshwater fish in spite of control activities and availability of a highly effective drug, praziquantel. Reservoir hosts such as cats, dogs, and pigs supply eggs continuously to the environment and act as a source of infection. The present study analyzed the data produced by the Korea-China collaborative project for helminthiasis control in China during 2001–2004 to find out effective chemotherapeutic control strategies with praziquantel in endemic areas and to evaluate their effects on the transmission of C. sinensis infection by repeated mass or selective treatment. The four-year control trial found that repeated treatment is essential to the effective reduction of prevalence and infection intensity in heavily endemic areas. Mass chemotherapy is more effective than selective treatment, and more repeated treatments produce better outcomes in clonorchiasis control. Health education to change the habit of consuming raw or undercooked fish is an important and practical measure to prevent and reduce human infections in endemic areas. Together with chemotherapy, health education could be highly effective and produce sustainable effects in clonorchiasis control. Treatment of reservoirs, if applicable, will contribute to reduce the source of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Choi
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Health Policy Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zhimin Li
- Heilongjiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhuo Ji
- Heilongjiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gui Yu
- Zhaoyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zheng Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Longqi Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Seung-Yull Cho
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Han-Jong Rim
- Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Hyung Lee
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Hong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Robinson MW, Dalton JP. Zoonotic helminth infections with particular emphasis on fasciolosis and other trematodiases. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2009; 364:2763-76. [PMID: 19687044 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic infections are among the most common on earth and are responsible for >60 per cent of all human infectious diseases. Some of the most important and well-known human zoonoses are caused by worm or helminth parasites, including species of nematodes (trichinellosis), cestodes (cysticercosis, echinococcosis) and trematodes (schistosomiasis). However, along with social, epidemiological and environmental changes, together with improvements in our ability to diagnose helminth infections, several neglected parasite species are now fast-becoming recognized as important zoonotic diseases of humans, e.g. anasakiasis, several fish-borne trematodiasis and fasciolosis. In the present review, we discuss the current disease status of these primary helminth zoonotic infections with particular emphasis on their diagnosis and control. Advances in molecular biology, proteomics and the release of helminth genome-sequencing project data are revolutionizing parasitology research. The use of these powerful experimental approaches, and their potential benefits to helminth biology are also discussed in relation to the future control of helminth infections of animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Robinson
- Institute for the Biotechnology of Infectious Diseases (IBID), University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Efficacy of artesunate and artemether against Clonorchis sinensis in rabbits. Parasitol Res 2009; 106:153-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
An estimated 750 million people are at risk of infections with food-borne trematodes, which comprise liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola gigantica, Fasciola hepatica, Opisthorchis felineus, and Opisthorchis viverrini), lung flukes (Paragonimus spp.), and intestinal flukes (e.g., Echinostoma spp., Fasciolopsis buski, and the heterophyids). Food-borne trematodiases pose a significant public health and economic problem, yet these diseases are often neglected. In this review, we summarize the taxonomy, morphology, and life cycle of food-borne trematodes. Estimates of the at-risk population and number of infections, geographic distribution, history, and ecological features of the major food-borne trematodes are reviewed. We summarize clinical manifestations, patterns of infection, and current means of diagnosis, treatment, and other control options. The changing epidemiological pattern and the rapid growth of aquaculture and food distribution networks are highlighted, as these developments might be associated with an elevated risk of transmission of food-borne trematodiases. Current research needs are emphasized.
Collapse
|
38
|
Combination chemotherapy against Clonorchis sinensis: experiments with artemether, artesunate, OZ78, praziquantel, and tribendimidine in a rat model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:3770-6. [PMID: 19581454 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00452-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caused by the Chinese liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis, clonorchiasis is of growing public health importance. Treatment and control of the disease rely on a single drug, praziquantel, and little information regarding combination chemotherapy is available. Here, we evaluated the in vivo efficacy of praziquantel combined with artemether, artesunate, OZ78, and tribendimidine, as well as an artesunate-tribendimidine combination against C. sinensis, in a rat model. Data from previous experiments were included, and negative binomial regression analyses were carried out to determine dose-response relationships and to study the effect of drug combination. All drugs given in monotherapy were efficacious in killing the worms; doses of 16 and 70 mg/kg of body weight of artesunate, for example, reduced worm burden by 50% and 95%, respectively. Artemether and OZ78 (12.5 to 50 mg/kg) showed dose-dependent killing of worms but no significant drug interactions when given with 150 mg/kg praziquantel, suggesting independent additive effects. In contrast, artesunate and tribendimidine (12.5 to 50 mg/kg) showed synergistic interactions with 150 mg/kg praziquantel. When low doses of 3.1 and 6.25 mg/kg OZ78 and artemether, respectively, were combined with praziquantel (150 mg/kg) an increased worm survival, above the level observed with praziquantel monotherapy, was noted. A similar antagonism was seen when praziquantel (75 mg/kg) was combined with several of the companion drugs at various doses. In conclusion, in vivo efficacy of praziquantel, the artemisinins, OZ78, and tribendimidine against C. sinensis is confirmed, and combination chemotherapy with praziquantel produces synergistic and antagonistic effects depending on the doses administered. Further preclinical investigations are warranted.
Collapse
|
39
|
Melling N, Hohenberger W, Yedibela S. Opisthorchiasis mimicking primary biliary cirrhosis as an indication for liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2009; 50:1057-9. [PMID: 19329217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Opisthorchiasis, a helminthic infection occurring endemically in certain areas of Europe and Asia is caused by parasites of the class trematoda. Failure to treat or a significant delay in the institution of an adequate therapy can lead to considerable complications in the further course of the disease. CASE A 56-year-old patient diagnosed with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) with Child-Pugh stage B was referred to our surgical department from a peripheral hospital for liver transplantation. She had spent 50 years of her life in Kazakhstan. RESULTS As the treatment of choice, orthotopic liver transplantation was carried out. The routine postoperative pathological analysis of the explanted liver showed the histological picture of opisthorchiasis. Further work-up in an effort to confirm the histological diagnosis was repeatedly negative. CONCLUSIONS Opisthorchiasis should always be a diagnostic consideration in an unclear case of chronic liver disease especially in patients living in endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Melling
- Department of Surgery, Albertinen-Krankenhaus, Süntelstrasse 11a, 22457 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Helminthiases, including schistosomiasis and food-borne trematodiasis, affect millions of people. Just a few drugs are used for the treatment and control of these diseases. We review recent in-vitro and in-vivo observations with the artemisinins and synthetic trioxolanes against major trematode infections, update clinical findings, and discuss the potential impact that artemisinin-based combination therapy might have on trematode infections in settings where malaria and helminthiases are co-endemic. RECENT FINDINGS The artemisinins and synthetic trioxolanes possess a broad spectrum of activity against trematodes. High worm-burden reductions were obtained with these drugs in rodents with acute or chronic infections of Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni, Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica and Opisthorchis viverrini. Clinical trials carried out in Africa, utilizing artemether or artesunate singly or as artemisinin-based combination therapies, following recommended malaria treatment schedules, found an effect against schistosomiasis. SUMMARY Artemisinin-based combination therapies are increasingly deployed against malaria, and hence there is a need to assess the potential auxiliary effects against schistosomiasis in settings where both diseases are endemic. Also, the effect of artemisinin-based combination therapies on food-borne trematodiasis should be assessed. In-vitro and in-vivo findings with the synthetic trioxolanes provide data to launch preclinical investigations.
Collapse
|
41
|
Keiser J, Xiao SH, Dong Y, Utzinger J, Vennerstrom JL. Clonorchicidal properties of the synthetic trioxolane OZ78. J Parasitol 2008; 93:1208-13. [PMID: 18163359 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1143r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Because the synthetic trioxolane OZ78 is active against the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, we were motivated to investigate the in vivo and in vitro activity against another liver fluke, namely Clonorchis sinensis. Rats infected with C. sinensis for 2 and 5 wk were treated orally with single doses of OZ78 (75, 150, or 300 mg/kg). Worm burden reductions were assessed against untreated control rats. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe adult C. sinensis after recovery from rats 1-3 days posttreatment with a single 300 mg/kg oral dose of OZ78 and after in vitro exposure to concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 microg/ml of OZ78. A single 300 mg/kg oral dose of OZ78 resulted in worm burden reductions of 78.5% and 98.5% against juvenile and adult C. sinensis, respectively. SEM observations revealed tegumental surface alterations, including blebbing and sloughing. OZ78 emerges as a new compound with a broad spectrum of activity against major foodborne trematode infections.
Collapse
|
42
|
Keiser J, Utzinger J. Food-borne trematodiasis: current chemotherapy and advances with artemisinins and synthetic trioxolanes. Trends Parasitol 2007; 23:555-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2007.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
43
|
Keiser J, Utzinger J. Advances in the discovery and development of trematocidal drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:S9-S23. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.s1.s9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
44
|
Caffrey CR. Chemotherapy of schistosomiasis: present and future. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2007; 11:433-9. [PMID: 17652008 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical regions and is associated with a variety of clinical syndromes that may lead to severe morbidity. Over the past 25 years, therapy and control of schistosomiasis has come to rely heavily on one drug, praziquantel (PZQ). This reliance is of concern should widespread treatment failure arise, particularly as measures are being undertaken to increase PZQ's availability. This review summarizes the use, possible modes of action and limitations of PZQ, and recent attempts to derive synthetic analogs. Alternative artemisinin-based chemotherapies that have shown applicability in certain disease settings are also similarly examined. Looking forward, the review highlights some of the more experimental anti-schistosomals being evaluated (e.g. the trioxolanes), including those where knowledge of the parasite target (e.g. cysteine proteases and hemozoin formation) is more defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conor R Caffrey
- Sandler Center for Basic Research in Parasitic Diseases, Byers Hall N508, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ronketti F, Ramana AV, Chao-Ming X, Pica-Mattoccia L, Cioli D, Todd MH. Praziquantel derivatives I: Modification of the aromatic ring. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4154-7. [PMID: 17555960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Several analogues of the potent anthelmintic praziquantel were prepared with variation in the aromatic ring. The biological activity of these analogues was evaluated and compared against known analogues. Amination of the ring was tolerated while other variations were not. These results have important implications for drug development for schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Ronketti
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, E1 4NS, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Keiser J, Shu-Hua X, Chollet J, Tanner M, Utzinger J. Evaluation of the in vivo activity of tribendimidine against Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 51:1096-8. [PMID: 17194822 PMCID: PMC1803157 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01366-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the in vivo activity of tribendimidine against selected trematodes. A single 150-mg/kg dose of tribendimidine achieved a 99.1% reduction of Clonorchis sinensis in rats. A 400-mg/kg dose of tribendimidine reduced Opisthorchis viverrini in hamsters by 95.7%. High doses of tribendimidine showed no activity against Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Parvathi A, Sanath Kumar H, Kenchanna Prakasha B, Lu J, Xu X, Hu W, Feng Z, Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I. Clonorchis sinensis: development and evaluation of a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Exp Parasitol 2006; 115:291-5. [PMID: 17067580 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2006.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2006] [Revised: 09/10/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis is a fish-borne trematode endemic to East Asia, which infects over 35 million people globally. In the study described here, we developed a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the specific and reliable detection of C. sinensis. The primers designed from the nucleotide sequence data derived in this study were evaluated for their specificity and sensitivity for the detection of C. sinensis. The specific amplification products were obtained only with C. sinensis and no amplifications occurred with the DNA of closely related trematodes including Opisthorchis viverrini demonstrating the specificity of the assay. The novel PCR method described here will be useful for the quarantine of fishery products and evaluation of transmission status of clonorchiasis in the endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammini Parvathi
- Department of Fishery Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Keiser J, Shu-Hua X, Utzinger J. Effect of tribendimidine on adult Echinostoma caproni harbored in mice, including scanning electron microscopic observations. J Parasitol 2006; 92:858-62. [PMID: 16995405 DOI: 10.1645/ge-793r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-borne trematodiasis is an emerging public health problem with more than 10% of the world's population at risk of infection, yet there are only 2 drugs available for treatment and morbidity control. We assessed the effect of a promising broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug, i.e., tribendimidine, with an experimental focus on adult Echinostoma caproni. Female NMRI mice were infected with 30 E. caproni for 2 wk and then administered single oral doses of tribendimidine ranging between 25 and 500 mg/kg. Three days post-treatment, mice were necropsied, and adult worms were recovered from their intestines. Worm burden reductions were assessed against untreated control mice. In addition, scanning electron microscopic observations were done on adult E. caproni recovered from mice given a single dose of 150 mg/kg tribendimidine intragastrically 2, 4, and 8 hr post-treatment. Worm burden reductions of 100% were achieved at doses of 125 mg/kg and above. Severe damage of the tegument, including extensive peeling, formation of blebs, and structural loss of the definition of collar and tegumentary spines already occurred within 2 hr after drug administration. Our findings call for further investigations using tribendimidine in other trematode-animal models, because this compound shows promising trematocidal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Keiser J, Utzinger J. Chemotherapy for major food-borne trematodes: a review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005; 5:1711-26. [PMID: 15264986 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.5.8.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Food-borne trematode infections, caused by liver flukes (Clonorchis, Fasciola, Opisthorchis), lung flukes (Paragonimus) and intestinal flukes (Echinostoma, Fasciolopsis, heterophyids), are significant public health problems, most notably in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Globally, it is estimated that > 40 million people are infected among the 750 million people who live in endemic areas. The epidemiology of food-borne trematodiasis has changed over the past few decades, and now presents a dual picture. On the one hand, increasing numbers of infections are reported from non-endemic areas, and endemic areas are expanding due to larger areas utilised for aquaculture, domestic migration, declining socioeconomic conditions, lack of improved sanitation, and increasing availability of aquatic foods through wider distribution networks often without proper food inspections. On the other hand, social and economic advances in many Asian countries, going hand-in-hand with urbanisation, use of chemical fertilisers and, above all, the administration of safe, efficacious and inexpensive drugs, have significantly reduced the prevalence of food-borne trematode infections. In this review, the taxonomy, life cycle, and geographical distribution of the major food-borne trematodes, including issues of diagnosis and clinical disease manifestations, is summarised. The discovery, chemistry, pharmacological properties, safety, therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects of the current drugs of choice, namely praziquantel and triclabendazole, is then discussed. Recent advances on other drugs and contemporary investigations on novel compounds that might become important players in chemotherapy are highlighted. Finally, the need for research and development of new trematocidal drugs that - employed in concert with health education, improved sanitation and enhanced food safety - are key factors for sustainable control of food-borne trematodiasis, is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical Institute, PO Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang KX, Zhang RB, Cui YB, Tian Y, Cai R, Li CP. Clinical and epidemiological data of patients with clonorchiasis. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:446-8. [PMID: 14760777 PMCID: PMC4724931 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i3.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the clinical and epidemiological features of patients with clonorchiasis so as to provide scientific evidences for the diagnosis and prevention of clonorchiasis.
METHODS: Stools from 282 subjects suspected of having clonorchiasis were examined for helminth eggs with modified Kato’s thick smear and sedimentation methods, and their sera were tested for HAV-DNA, HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA, HDV-RNA and HEV-RNA with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical symptoms of patients with clonorchiasis only were analyzed, and their blood samples were tested for circulating antigen (CAg) with Dot-ELISA, esoinophilic granulocyte count, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Meanwhile, they were asked to provide data of occupation, eating habit, hygienic habit and knowledge of clonorchiasis. In addition, the ecosystem of the environment in epidemic areas was surveyed.
RESULTS: Among the 282 patients, 61 (21.43%) were infected with clonorchis sinensis only, 97 (34.64%) were co-infected with clonorchis sinensis and other pathogens, 92 (32.86%) were infected with hepatitis virus only and 31 (11.07%) neither with clonorchis sinensis nor hepatitis virus. Among the 61 patients with clonorchiasis only, there were 14 (22.95%) subjects with discomfort over hepatic region or epigasfrium, 12 (19.67%) with general malaise or discomfort and inertia in total body, 6 (9.84%) with anorexia, indigestion and nausea, 4 (6.56%) with fever, dizziness and headache (6.56%), and 25 (40.98%) without any symptoms; sixty one (100%) with CAg (+), 98.33% (59/60) with eosinophilic granulocytes increased and 65.00% (39/60) with ALT increased. B-mode ultrasonography revealed 61 cases with dilated and thickened walls of intrahepatic bile duct, and blurred patchy echo acoustic image in liver. Twenty-six cases had stones in the bile duct, 39 cases had slightly enlarged liver with diffuse coarse spots in liver parenchyma. Twenty cases had enlarged gallbladder with thickened coarse wall and image of floating plagues, 9 cases had slightly enlarged spleen. By analysis of epidemiological data, we found that the ecologic environment was favorable for the epidemiology of clonorchiasis. Most patients with clonorchiasis were lack of knowledge about the disease. Their living environment, hygienic habits, eating habits and their occupations were the related factors that caused the prevalence of the disease.
CONCLUSION: The clinical symptoms of clonorchiasis are non-specific, and the main evidences for diagnosis of clonorchiasis should be provided by etiologic examination, B-mode ultrasonography and clinical history. The infection of clonorchis sinensis is related to occupations, bad eating habits and lack of knowledge about prevention of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xia Wang
- Department of Etiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|