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Marrero AD, Cárdenas C, Castilla L, Ortega-Vidal J, Quesada AR, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MÁ. Antiangiogenic Potential of an Olive Oil Extract: Insights from a Proteomic Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38809962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a staple of the Mediterranean diet, is rich in phenolic compounds recognized for their potent bioactive effects, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its effects on vascular health remain relatively unexplored. In this study, we examined the impact of a "picual" EVOO extract from Jaén, Spain, on endothelial cells. Proteomic analysis revealed the modulation of angiogenesis-related processes. In subsequent in vitro experiments, the EVOO extract inhibited endothelial cell migration, adhesion, invasion, ECM degradation, and tube formation while inducing apoptosis. These results provide robust evidence of the extract's antiangiogenic potential. Our findings highlight the potential of EVOO extracts in mitigating angiogenesis-related pathologies, such as cancer, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dácil Marrero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Casimiro Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- Servicios Centrales de Apoyo a la Investigación (SCAI), Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Castilla
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Ortega-Vidal
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentaria ceiA3, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén E- 23071, Spain
| | - Ana R Quesada
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Karlina I, Schroeder BA, Kirgizov K, Romantsova O, Istranov AL, Nedorubov A, Timashev P, Ulasov I. Latest developments in the pathobiology of Ewing sarcoma. J Bone Oncol 2022; 35:100440. [PMID: 35855933 PMCID: PMC9287185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Karlina
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Brett A. Schroeder
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kirill Kirgizov
- Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Olga Romantsova
- Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Andrey L. Istranov
- Department of Oncology, radiation therapy and plastic surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey Nedorubov
- Center for Preclinical Research, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Corresponding author at: Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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3
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EPAC2 acts as a negative regulator in Matrigel-driven tubulogenesis of human microvascular endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19453. [PMID: 34593918 PMCID: PMC8484440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is physiologically essential for embryogenesis and development and reinitiated in adult animals during tissue growth and repair. Forming new vessels from the walls of existing vessels occurs as a multistep process coordinated by sprouting, branching, and a new lumenized network formation. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that form new tubular structures, especially molecules regulating the proper network density of newly formed capillaries. This study conducted microarray analyses in human primary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) plated on Matrigel. The RAPGEF4 gene that encodes exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP 2 (EPAC2) proteins was increased in Matrigel-driven tubulogenesis. Tube formation was suppressed by the overexpression of EPAC2 and enhanced by EPAC2 knockdown in endothelial cells. Endothelial cell morphology was changed to round cell morphology by EPAC2 overexpression, while EPAC2 knockdown showed an elongated cell shape with filopodia-like protrusions. Furthermore, increased EPAC2 inhibited endothelial cell migration, and ablation of EPAC2 inversely enhanced cell mobility. These results suggest that EPAC2 affects the morphology and migration of microvascular endothelial cells and is involved in the termination and proper network formation of vascular tubes.
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4
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Yochelis A. The nonlinear initiation of side-branching by activator-inhibitor-substrate (Turing) morphogenesis. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2021; 31:051102. [PMID: 34240921 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the underlying mechanism of side-branching is paramount in controlling and/or therapeutically treating mammalian organs, such as lungs, kidneys, and glands. Motivated by an activator-inhibitor-substrate approach that is conjectured to dominate the initiation of side-branching in a pulmonary vascular pattern, I demonstrate a distinct transverse front instability in which new fingers grow out of an oscillatory breakup dynamics at the front line without any typical length scale. These two features are attributed to unstable peak solutions in 1D that subcritically emanate from Turing bifurcation and that exhibit repulsive interactions. The results are based on a bifurcation analysis and numerical simulations and provide a potential strategy toward also developing a framework of side-branching for other biological systems, such as plant roots and cellular protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Yochelis
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel and Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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5
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Hiepen C, Mendez PL, Knaus P. It Takes Two to Tango: Endothelial TGFβ/BMP Signaling Crosstalk with Mechanobiology. Cells 2020; 9:E1965. [PMID: 32858894 PMCID: PMC7564048 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily of cytokines. While some ligand members are potent inducers of angiogenesis, others promote vascular homeostasis. However, the precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions is still a growing research field. In bone, the tissue in which BMPs were first discovered, crosstalk of TGFβ/BMP signaling with mechanobiology is well understood. Likewise, the endothelium represents a tissue that is constantly exposed to multiple mechanical triggers, such as wall shear stress, elicited by blood flow or strain, and tension from the surrounding cells and to the extracellular matrix. To integrate mechanical stimuli, the cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in the transduction of these forces in endothelial cells. Importantly, mechanical forces integrate on several levels of the TGFβ/BMP pathway, such as receptors and SMADs, but also global cell-architecture and nuclear chromatin re-organization. Here, we summarize the current literature on crosstalk mechanisms between biochemical cues elicited by TGFβ/BMP growth factors and mechanical cues, as shear stress or matrix stiffness that collectively orchestrate endothelial function. We focus on the different subcellular compartments in which the forces are sensed and integrated into the TGFβ/BMP growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petra Knaus
- Knaus-Lab/Signal Transduction, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (C.H.); (P.-L.M.)
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6
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Sun Z, Cai S, Zabkiewicz C, Liu C, Ye L. Bone morphogenetic proteins mediate crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment at primary tumours and metastases (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1335-1351. [PMID: 32236571 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are pluripotent molecules, co‑ordinating cellular functions from early embryonic and postnatal development to tissue repair, regeneration and homeostasis. They are also involved in tumourigenesis, disease progression and the metastasis of various solid tumours. Emerging evidence has indicated that BMPs are able to promote disease progression and metastasis by orchestrating communication between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment. The interactions occur between BMPs and epidermal growth factor receptor, hepatocyte growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and extracellular matrix components. Overall, these interactions co‑ordinate the cellular functions of tumour cells and other types of cell in the tumour to promote the growth of the primary tumour, local invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis, and the establishment and survival of cancer cells in the metastatic niche. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide an informative summary of the involvement of BMPs in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Sun
- VIP‑II Division of Medical Department, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Cai
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Zabkiewicz
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Chang Liu
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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7
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Hippo/YAP Signaling Pathway: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Bone Paediatric Cancers? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030645. [PMID: 32164350 PMCID: PMC7139637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are the most prevalent bone pediatric tumors. Despite intensive basic and medical research studies to discover new therapeutics and to improve current treatments, almost 40% of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma patients succumb to the disease. Patients with poor prognosis are related to either the presence of metastases at diagnosis or resistance to chemotherapy. Over the past ten years, considerable interest for the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway has taken place within the cancer research community. This signaling pathway operates at different steps of tumor progression: Primary tumor growth, angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and metastatic dissemination. This review discusses the current knowledge about the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway in cancer and specifically in paediatric bone sarcoma progression.
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8
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Torres A, Bidarra S, Vasconcelos D, Barbosa J, Silva E, Nascimento D, Barrias C. Microvascular engineering: Dynamic changes in microgel-entrapped vascular cells correlates with higher vasculogenic/angiogenic potential. Biomaterials 2020; 228:119554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Pearson HB, Mason DE, Kegelman CD, Zhao L, Dawahare JH, Kacena MA, Boerckel JD. Effects of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 on Neovascularization During Large Bone Defect Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1623-1634. [PMID: 30973074 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient blood vessel supply is a primary limiting factor for regenerative approaches to large bone defect repair. Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) delivery induces robust bone formation and has been observed to enhance neovascularization, but whether the angiogenic effects of BMP-2 are due to direct endothelial cell stimulation or due to indirect paracrine signaling remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of BMP-2 delivery on vascularized bone regeneration and tested whether BMP-2 induces neovascularization directly or indirectly. We found that delivery of BMP-2 (5 μg) enhanced both bone formation and neovascularization in critically sized (8 mm) rat femoral bone defects; however, BMP-2 did not directly stimulate angiogenesis in vitro. In contrast, conditioned medium from both mesenchymal progenitor cells and osteoblasts induced endothelial cell migration in vitro, suggesting a paracrine mechanism of BMP-2 action. Consistent with this inference, codelivery of BMP-2 with endothelial colony forming cells to a heterotopic site, distant from the skeletal stem cell-rich bone marrow niche, induced ossification but had no effect on neovascularization. Taken together, these data suggest that paracrine activation of osteoprogenitor cells is an important contributor to neovascularization during BMP-2-mediated bone regeneration. Impact Statement In this study, we show that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) robustly induces neovascularization during tissue-engineered large bone defect regeneration, and we found that BMP-2 induced angiogenesis, in part, through paracrine signaling from osteoprogenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope B Pearson
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Devon E Mason
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher D Kegelman
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James H Dawahare
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joel D Boerckel
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Azad T, Ghahremani M, Yang X. The Role of YAP and TAZ in Angiogenesis and Vascular Mimicry. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050407. [PMID: 31052445 PMCID: PMC6562567 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, is a physiological process that begins in utero and continues throughout life in both good health and disease. Understanding the underlying mechanism in angiogenesis could uncover a new therapeutic approach in pathological angiogenesis. Since its discovery, the Hippo signaling pathway has emerged as a key player in controlling organ size and tissue homeostasis. Recently, new studies have discovered that Hippo and two of its main effectors, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralog transcription activator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ), play critical roles during angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which YAP/TAZ regulate endothelial cell shape, behavior, and function in angiogenesis. We further discuss how YAP/TAZ function as part of developmental and pathological angiogenesis. Finally, we review the role of YAP/TAZ in tumor vascular mimicry and propose directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Azad
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Mina Ghahremani
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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11
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Fahmy-Garcia S, Farrell E, Witte-Bouma J, Robbesom-van den Berge I, Suarez M, Mumcuoglu D, Walles H, Kluijtmans SGJM, van der Eerden BCJ, van Osch GJVM, van Leeuwen JPTM, van Driel M. Follistatin Effects in Migration, Vascularization, and Osteogenesis in vitro and Bone Repair in vivo. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:38. [PMID: 30881954 PMCID: PMC6405513 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biomaterials and signaling molecules to induce bone formation is a promising approach in the field of bone tissue engineering. Follistatin (FST) is a glycoprotein able to bind irreversibly to activin A, a protein that has been reported to inhibit bone formation. We investigated the effect of FST in critical processes for bone repair, such as cell recruitment, osteogenesis and vascularization, and ultimately its use for bone tissue engineering. In vitro, FST promoted mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and endothelial cell (EC) migration as well as essential steps in the formation and expansion of the vasculature such as EC tube-formation and sprouting. FST did not enhance osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, but increased committed osteoblast mineralization. In vivo, FST was loaded in an in situ gelling formulation made by alginate and recombinant collagen-based peptide microspheres and implanted in a rat calvarial defect model. Two FST variants (FST288 and FST315) with major differences in their affinity to cell-surface proteoglycans, which may influence their effect upon in vivo bone repair, were tested. In vitro, most of the loaded FST315 was released over 4 weeks, contrary to FST288, which was mostly retained in the biomaterial. However, none of the FST variants improved in vivo bone healing compared to control. These results demonstrate that FST enhances crucial processes needed for bone repair. Further studies need to investigate the optimal FST carrier for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk Fahmy-Garcia
- Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janneke Witte-Bouma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Melva Suarez
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Julius-Maximillians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Didem Mumcuoglu
- Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V., Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Heike Walles
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Julius-Maximillians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Marjolein van Driel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) modulates lung function, pulmonary iron levels and cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:340-351. [PMID: 30542109 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with abnormal inflammatory responses and airway wall remodeling, leading to reduced lung function. An association between the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-6) locus and forced vital capacity has been found in a genome-wide association study. However, the role of BMP-6 in the pathogenesis of COPD remains unknown. The pulmonary expression of BMP-6 was analyzed in patients with COPD and in cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice. We evaluated lung function and histology in BMP-6 KO mice at baseline. We exposed BMP-6 KO mice to CS for 4 weeks and measured pulmonary inflammation and iron levels. Pulmonary mRNA levels of BMP-6 were decreased in smokers with and without COPD and in CS-exposed mice. Importantly, BMP-6 expression was lowest in severe COPD. Accordingly, protein levels of BMP-6 were decreased in patients with COPD. Lung function measurements demonstrated a decreased compliance and total lung capacity in BMP-6 KO mice, whereas lung histology was normal. Furthermore, BMP-6 KO mice displayed elevated iron levels and an aggravated CS-induced inflammatory response. These results suggest that BMP-6 is important for normal lung function and that downregulation of BMP-6-as observed in patients with COPD-contributes to pulmonary inflammation after CS exposure.
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13
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is a complex, multistep process involving dynamic changes in endothelial cell (EC) shapes and behaviors, especially in specialized cell types such as tip cells (with active filopodial extensions), stalk cells (with less motility) and phalanx cells (with stable junction connections). The Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP)/ transcription activator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) signaling plays a critical role in development, regeneration and organ size by regulating cell-cell contact and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Recently, with the finding that YAP is expressed in the front edge of the developing retinal vessels, Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling has emerged as a new pathway for blood vessel development. Intriguingly, the LATS1/2-mediated angiomotin (AMOT) family and YAP/TAZ activities contribute to EC shapes and behaviors by spatiotemporally modulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and EC junction stability. Herein, we summarize the recent understanding of the role of Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling in the processes of EC sprouting and junction maturation in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University; Initiative for Biological Function & Systems, BK21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University; Initiative for Biological Function & Systems, BK21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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14
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Transcriptional regulation of endothelial cell behavior during sprouting angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:726. [PMID: 28959057 PMCID: PMC5620061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediating the expansion of vascular beds in many physiological and pathological settings, angiogenesis requires dynamic changes in endothelial cell behavior. However, the molecular mechanisms governing endothelial cell activity during different phases of vascular growth, remodeling, maturation, and quiescence remain elusive. Here, we characterize dynamic gene expression changes during postnatal development and identify critical angiogenic factors in mouse retinal endothelial cells. Using actively translating transcriptome analysis and in silico computational analyses, we determine candidate regulators controlling endothelial cell behavior at different developmental stages. We further show that one of the identified candidates, the transcription factor MafB, controls endothelial sprouting in vitro and in vivo, and perform an integrative analysis of RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data to define putative direct MafB targets, which are activated or repressed by the transcriptional regulator. Together, our results identify novel cell-autonomous regulatory mechanisms controlling sprouting angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a complex process that requires coordinated changes in endothelial cell behavior. Here the authors use Ribo-tag and RNA-Seq to determine temporal profiles of transcriptional activity during postnatal retinal angiogenesis, identifying transcriptional regulators of the process.
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15
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Greig FH, Kennedy S, Gibson G, Ramos JW, Nixon GF. PEA-15 (Phosphoprotein Enriched in Astrocytes 15) Is a Protective Mediator in the Vasculature and Is Regulated During Neointimal Hyperplasia. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006936. [PMID: 28893763 PMCID: PMC5634313 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neointimal hyperplasia following angioplasty occurs via vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. The mechanisms involved are not fully understood but include mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2). We recently identified the intracellular mediator PEA-15 (phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15) in vascular smooth muscle cells as a regulator of ERK1/2-dependent proliferation in vitro. PEA-15 acts as a cytoplasmic anchor for ERK1/2, preventing nuclear localization and thereby reducing ERK1/2-dependent gene expression. The aim of the current study was to examine the role of PEA-15 in neointimal hyperplasia in vivo. METHOD AND RESULTS Mice deficient in PEA-15 or wild-type mice were subjected to wire injury of the carotid artery. In uninjured arteries from PEA-15-deficient mice, ERK1/2 had increased nuclear translocation and increased basal ERK1/2-dependent transcription. Following wire injury, arteries from PEA-15-deficient mice developed neointimal hyperplasia at an increased rate compared with wild-type mice. This occurred in parallel with an increase in a proliferative marker and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. In wild-type mice, PEA-15 expression was decreased in vascular smooth muscle cells at an early stage before any increase in intima:media ratio. This regulation of PEA-15 expression following injury was also observed in an ex vivo human model of hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate, for the first time, a novel protective role for PEA-15 against inappropriate vascular proliferation. PEA-15 expression may also be repressed during vascular injury, suggesting that maintenance of PEA-15 expression is a novel therapeutic target in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona H Greig
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Kennedy
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - George Gibson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Hospital, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Joe W Ramos
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Centre University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Graeme F Nixon
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Okubo Y, Masuyama R, Iwanaga A, Koike Y, Kuwatsuka Y, Ogi T, Yamamoto Y, Endo Y, Tamura H, Utani A. Calcification in dermal fibroblasts from a patient with GGCX syndrome accompanied by upregulation of osteogenic molecules. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177375. [PMID: 28494010 PMCID: PMC5426700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) gene mutation causes GGCX syndrome (OMIM: 137167), which is characterized by pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE)-like symptoms and coagulation impairment. Here, we present a 55-year-old male with a novel homozygous deletion mutation, c.2,221delT, p.S741LfsX100, in the GGCX gene. Histopathological examination revealed calcium deposits in elastic fibers and vessel walls, and collagen accumulation in the mid-dermis. Studies of dermal fibroblasts from the patient (GGCX dermal fibroblasts) demonstrated that the mutated GGCX protein was larger, but its expression level and intracellular distribution were indistinguishable from those of the wild-type GGCX protein. Immunostaining and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed an increase in undercarboxylated matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein (ucMGP), a representative substrate of GGCX and a potent calcification inhibitor, indicating that mutated GGCX was enzymatically inactive. Under osteogenic conditions, calcium deposition was exclusively observed in GGCX dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, GGCX dermal fibroblast cultures contained 23- and 7.7-fold more alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive cells than normal dermal fibroblast cultures (n = 3), without and with osteogenic induction, respectively. Expression and activity of ALP were higher in GGCX dermal fibroblasts than in normal dermal fibroblasts upon osteogenic induction. mRNA levels of other osteogenic markers were also higher in GGCX dermal fibroblasts than in normal dermal fibroblasts, which including bone morphogenetic protein 6, runt-related transcription factor 2, and periostin (POSTN) without osteogenic induction; and osterix, collagen type I alpha 2, and POSTN with osteogenic induction. Together, these data indicate that GGCX dermal fibroblasts trans-differentiate into the osteogenic lineage. This study proposes another mechanism underlying aberrant calcification in patients with GGCX syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Okubo
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin (ReCYD), Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Masuyama
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Iwanaga
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuta Koike
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kuwatsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology Research, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Endo
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Utani
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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王 玉, 刘 贵, 刘 辉, 张 传. BMP-2在肝细胞癌中表达及与肿瘤血管生成的关系. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:1150-1158. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i13.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
目的 研究骨形成蛋白2(bone morphogenetic protein 2, BMP-2)在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC)组织的表达情况及与肿瘤血管生成的关系.
方法 应用免疫组织化学方法检测BMP-2在40例HCC组织及40例癌旁组织的表达, 分析其与临床病理特征之间的关系, CD34染色标记肿瘤微血管密度(microvascular density, MVD).
结果 免疫组织化学显示, HCC组织中的BMP-2和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)表达与癌旁组织中比较, 阳性率显著增加(75% vs 40%; 80.0% vs 42.5%, P<0.05), 并且BMP-2与VEGF蛋白表达与HCC包膜完整、结节、门静脉癌栓、TNM分期、细胞分化有关, 而与患者的年龄、性别、血清AFP、肝硬化无关. 根据Spearman相关性分析, BMP-2与VEGF蛋白表达呈正相关(r = 7.316, P = 0.0068), 提示BMP-2参与到肿瘤血管生成过程. HCC组织血管生成活跃(55% vs 15%, P <0.05), 血管生成与BMP-2表达有关.
结论 HCC中BMP-2高表达在肿瘤血管生成中有重要的作用.
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Josipovic I, Fork C, Preussner J, Prior KK, Iloska D, Vasconez AE, Labocha S, Angioni C, Thomas D, Ferreirós N, Looso M, Pullamsetti SS, Geisslinger G, Steinhilber D, Brandes RP, Leisegang MS. PAFAH1B1 and the lncRNA NONHSAT073641 maintain an angiogenic phenotype in human endothelial cells. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 218:13-27. [PMID: 27124368 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Platelet-activating factor acetyl hydrolase 1B1 (PAFAH1B1, also known as Lis1) is a protein essentially involved in neurogenesis and mostly studied in the nervous system. As we observed a significant expression of PAFAH1B1 in the vascular system, we hypothesized that PAFAH1B1 is important during angiogenesis of endothelial cells as well as in human vascular diseases. METHOD The functional relevance of the protein in endothelial cell angiogenic function, its downstream targets and the influence of NONHSAT073641, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with 92% similarity to PAFAH1B1, were studied by knockdown and overexpression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). RESULTS Knockdown of PAFAH1B1 led to impaired tube formation of HUVEC and decreased sprouting in the spheroid assay. Accordingly, the overexpression of PAFAH1B1 increased tube number, sprout length and sprout number. LncRNA NONHSAT073641 behaved similarly. Microarray analysis after PAFAH1B1 knockdown and its overexpression indicated that the protein maintains Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that PAFAH1B1 is required for active histone marks and proper binding of RNA Polymerase II to the transcriptional start site of MGP. MGP itself was required for endothelial angiogenic capacity and knockdown of both, PAFAH1B1 and MGP, reduced migration. In vascular samples of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), PAFAH1B1 and MGP were upregulated. The function of PAFAH1B1 required the presence of the intact protein as overexpression of NONHSAT073641, which was highly upregulated during CTEPH, did not affect PAFAH1B1 target genes. CONCLUSION PAFAH1B1 and NONHSAT073641 are important for endothelial angiogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Josipovic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Fork
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Preussner
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - K-K Prior
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Iloska
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - A E Vasconez
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Labocha
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Angioni
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Thomas
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Ferreirós
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Looso
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S S Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - G Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M S Leisegang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a fundamental role in angiogenesis and endothelial cell biology, and has been the subject of intense study as a result. VEGF acts via a diverse and complex range of signaling pathways, with new targets constantly being discovered. This review attempts to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding VEGF cell signaling in endothelial and cardiovascular biology, with a particular emphasis on its role in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Evans
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK,
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20
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Yao J, Guihard PJ, Blazquez-Medela AM, Guo Y, Liu T, Boström KI, Yao Y. Matrix Gla protein regulates differentiation of endothelial cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. Angiogenesis 2016; 19:1-7. [PMID: 26364300 PMCID: PMC4703505 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-015-9484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins and expressed in vascular endothelial cells. Lack of MGP causes vascular abnormalities in multiple organs in mice. The objective of this study is to define the role of MGP in early endothelial differentiation. We find that expression of endothelial markers is highly induced in Mgp null organs, which, in wild type, contain high MGP expression. Furthermore, Mgp null embryonic stem cells express higher levels of endothelial markers than wild-type controls and an abnormal temporal pattern of expression. We also find that the Mgp-deficient endothelial cells adopt characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. We conclude that loss of MGP causes dysregulation of early endothelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Pierre J Guihard
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
| | - Ana M Blazquez-Medela
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
| | - Yina Guo
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dong Fang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
- The Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1570, USA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA.
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21
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Ye L, Jiang WG. Bone morphogenetic proteins in tumour associated angiogenesis and implication in cancer therapies. Cancer Lett 2015; 380:586-597. [PMID: 26639195 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) belongs to transforming growth factor-β superfamily. To date, more than 20 BMPs have been identified in humans. BMPs play a critical role in embryonic and postnatal development, and also in maintaining homeostasis in different organs and tissues by regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and motility. They play important roles in the development and progression of certain malignancies, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc. Recently, more evidence shows that BMPs are also involved in tumour associated angiogenesis. For example BMP can either directly regulate the functions of vascular endothelial cells or indirectly influence the angiogenesis via regulation of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Such crosstalk can also be reflected in the interaction with other angiogenic factors, like hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). All these factors are involved in the orchestration of the angiogenic process during tumour development and progression. Review of the relevant studies will provide a comprehensive prospective on current understanding and shed light on the corresponding therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Metastasis & Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Metastasis & Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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22
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Boonstra MC, Prakash J, Van De Velde CJH, Mesker WE, Kuppen PJK, Vahrmeijer AL, Sier CFM. Stromal Targets for Fluorescent-Guided Oncologic Surgery. Front Oncol 2015; 5:254. [PMID: 26636036 PMCID: PMC4653299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-operative imaging techniques are essential for tumor detection and diagnosis, but offer limited help during surgery. Recently, the applicability of imaging during oncologic surgery has been recognized, using near-infrared fluorescent dyes conjugated to targeting antibodies, peptides, or other vehicles. Image-guided oncologic surgery (IGOS) assists the surgeFon to distinguish tumor from normal tissue during operation, and can aid in recognizing vital structures. IGOS relies on an optimized combination of a dedicated fluorescent camera system and specific probes for targeting. IGOS probes for clinical use are not widely available yet, but numerous pre-clinical studies have been published and clinical trials are being established or prepared. Most of the investigated probes are based on antibodies or peptides against proteins on the membranes of malignant cells, whereas others are directed against stromal cells. Targeting stroma cells for IGOS has several advantages. Besides the high stromal content in more aggressive tumor types, the stroma is often primarily located at the periphery/invasive front of the tumor, which makes stromal targets particularly suited for imaging purposes. Moreover, because stroma up-regulation is a physiological reaction, most proteins to be targeted on these cells are “universal” and not derived from a specific genetic variation, as is the case with many upregulated proteins on malignant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Boonstra
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente , Enschede , Netherlands
| | | | - Wilma E Mesker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis F M Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands ; Antibodies for Research Applications BV , Gouda , Netherlands
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Ordinary and Activated Bone Grafts: Applied Classification and the Main Features. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:365050. [PMID: 26649300 PMCID: PMC4662978 DOI: 10.1155/2015/365050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone grafts are medical devices that are in high demand in clinical practice for substitution of bone defects and recovery of atrophic bone regions. Based on the analysis of the modern groups of bone grafts, the particularities of their composition, the mechanisms of their biological effects, and their therapeutic indications, applicable classification was proposed that separates the bone substitutes into “ordinary” and “activated.” The main differential criterion is the presence of biologically active components in the material that are standardized by qualitative and quantitative parameters: growth factors, cells, or gene constructions encoding growth factors. The pronounced osteoinductive and (or) osteogenic properties of activated osteoplastic materials allow drawing upon their efficacy in the substitution of large bone defects.
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The prognostic significance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β expression in the vascular endothelial cells of colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:436-45. [PMID: 23821017 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently, little is known regarding the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β (PPAR β) in the vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of colorectal cancers (CRCs). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of PPAR β expression in the VECs of CRCs in terms of the prognosis and clinicopathological features of CRC patients. DESIGN The expression and localization of PPAR β in the primary cancers and the matched normal mucosal samples of 141 Swedish CRC patients were analyzed in terms of its correlation with clinicopathological features and the expression of angiogenesis-related genes. This study also included 92 Chinese CRC patients. RESULTS PPAR β was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and was significantly downregulated in the VECs of CRC compared to that of the normal mucosa. The low expression levels of PPAR β in the VECs of CRC were statistically correlated with enhanced differentiation, early staging and favorable overall survival and were associated with the increased expression of VEGF and D2-40. The patients exhibiting elevated expression of PPAR β in CRC cells but reduced expression in VECs exhibited more favorable survival compared with the other patients, whereas the patients with reduced expression of PPAR β in CRC cells but increased expression in VECs exhibited less favorable prognosis. CONCLUSIONS PPAR β might play a tumor suppressor role in CRC cells in contrast to a tumor promoter role in the VECs of CRCs.
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Talavera-Adame D, Gupta A, Kurtovic S, Chaiboonma KL, Arumugaswami V, Dafoe DC. Bone morphogenetic protein-2/-4 upregulation promoted by endothelial cells in coculture enhances mouse embryoid body differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:3252-60. [PMID: 23924071 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) provide inductive signals for cell differentiation in vivo. However, it is unknown if these cells promote such differentiation in vitro and the signals involved. We investigated whether ECs are able to enhance the differentiation of the three germ layers and the underlying mechanisms. We established a coculture system of mouse embryoid bodies (EBs) and ECs. Then, we analyzed the expression of markers representative of the three germ layers, such as PDX-1, proinsulin, insulin1 (endoderm), nestin, neurofilament light (ectoderm), CD31, cardiotin, and cardiac troponin I (mesoderm) in EBs cultured alone (controls) or with ECs. A significant increase of these markers was observed in EBs cocultured with ECs compared to controls. The cocultured EBs also exhibited more robust vascular networks similar to those EBs treated with bone morphogenetic protein-2 or -4 (BMP-2 or -4). Therefore, the role of these peptides in the differentiation was investigated. We found a significant upregulation of BMP-2/-4 and BMP receptor 1A in EBs treated with EC conditioned medium (EC-CM) at early or middle stages of EB development. Recombinant human BMP-2 and BMP-4 exerted similar effects than EC-CM in the expression of BMPs or in the upregulation of the three germ layer specific markers. BMP-2/-4 antagonists, such as noggin and chordin-like-1, respectively inhibited the EC-CM inductive effects. These results demonstrate that ECs enhance the differentiation in vitro of cells that derived from the three germ layers and that BMP-2/-4 play a central role in this process.
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26
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Miyahara K, Nouso K, Morimoto Y, Takeuchi Y, Hagihara H, Kuwaki K, Onishi H, Ikeda F, Miyake Y, Nakamura S, Shiraha H, Takaki A, Honda M, Kaneko S, Sato T, Sato S, Obi S, Iwadou S, Kobayashi Y, Takaguchi K, Kariyama K, Takuma Y, Takabatake H, Yamamoto K. Pro-angiogenic cytokines for prediction of outcomes in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2072-8. [PMID: 24045661 PMCID: PMC3798958 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously reported that expressions of the pro-angiogenic cytokines angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), follistatin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, hepatocyte growth factor, leptin, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor were associated with the response to sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study is to examine the same relationship in a larger cohort. Methods: In the current retrospective cohort study, we measured serum levels of the eightcytokines in 120 consecutive HCC patients who were treated with sorafenib. We evaluated the effects of increased expression of serum cytokines on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Elevated expression of Ang-2 correlated both with significantly shorter PFS (hazard ratio (HR), 1.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21–2.81), and OS (HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.21–3.17). Patients with more than three cytokines expressed above the median similarly had significantly shorter PFS (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.30–3.06) and OS (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.19–3.22). Differences in OS were evident in cases with the evidence of macroscopic vascular invasion or extrahepatic metastasis. Conclusion: High expression of Ang-2 or more than cytokines in serum is associated with poor PFS and OS in HCC patients treated with sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Miyahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-city, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Eguchi R, Kubo S, Ohta T, Kunimasa K, Okada M, Tamaki H, Kaji K, Wakabayashi I, Fujimori Y, Ogawa H. FK506 induces endothelial dysfunction through attenuation of Akt and ERK1/2 independently of calcineurin inhibition and the caspase pathway. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1731-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Baker M, Reynolds LE, Robinson SD, Lees DM, Parsons M, Elia G, Hodivala-Dilke K. Stromal Claudin14-heterozygosity, but not deletion, increases tumour blood leakage without affecting tumour growth. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62516. [PMID: 23675413 PMCID: PMC3652830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of endothelial cell-cell junctions is vital for the control of blood vessel leakage and is known to be important in the growth and maturation of new blood vessels during angiogenesis. Here we have investigated the role of a tight junction molecule, Claudin 14, in tumour blood vessel leakage, angiogenesis and tumour growth. Using syngeneic tumour models our results showed that genetic ablation of Claudin 14 was not sufficient to affect tumour blood vessel morphology or function. However, and surprisingly, Claudin 14-heterozygous mice displayed several blood vessel-related phenotypes including: disruption of ZO-1-positive cell-cell junctions in tumour blood vessels; abnormal distribution of basement membrane laminin around tumour blood vessels; increased intratumoural leakage and decreased intratumoural hypoxia. Additionally, although total numbers of tumour blood vessels were increased in Claudin 14-heterozygous mice, and in VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis ex vivo, the number of lumenated vessels was not changed between genotypes and this correlated with no difference in syngeneic tumour growth between wild-type, Claudin 14-heterozygous and Claudin 14-null mice. Lastly, Claudin 14-heterozygosity, but not complete deficiency, also enhanced endothelial cell proliferation significantly. These data establish a new role for Claudin 14 in the regulation of tumour blood vessel integrity and angiogenesis that is evident only after the partial loss of this molecule in Claudin 14-heterozyous mice but not in Claudin 14-null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Baker
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E. Reynolds
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D. Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Delphine M. Lees
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Elia
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Sepporta MV, Tumminello FM, Flandina C, Crescimanno M, Giammanco M, La Guardia M, di Majo D, Leto G. Follistatin as potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Target Oncol 2013; 8:215-23. [PMID: 23456439 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-013-0268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Follistatin is a single-chain glycosylated protein whose primary function consists in binding and neutralizing some members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily such as activin and bone morphogenic proteins. Emerging evidence indicates that this molecule may also play a role in the malignant progression of several human tumors including prostate cancer. In particular, recent findings suggest that, in this tumor, follistatin may also contribute to the formation of bone metastasis through multiple mechanisms, some of which are not related to its specific activin or bone morphogenic proteins' inhibitory activity. This review provides insight into the most recent advances in understanding the role of follistatin in the prostate cancer progression and discusses the clinical and therapeutic implications related to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Sepporta
- Operative Unit of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Palermo, via Augusto Elia, 3, 90127, Palermo, Italy
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High Nr-CAM expression is associated with favorable phenotype and late PSA recurrence in prostate cancer treated by prostatectomy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2013; 16:159-64. [DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2012.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sharma B, Albig AR. Matrix Gla protein reinforces angiogenic resolution. Microvasc Res 2013; 85:24-33. [PMID: 23110920 PMCID: PMC3629274 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) is an ECM molecule commonly associated with dysfunctions of large blood vessels such as arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. However, the exact role of MGP in the microvasculature is not clear. Utilizing a mouse MGP knockout model we found that MGP suppresses angiogenic sprouting from mouse aorta restricts microvascular density in cardiac and skeletal muscle, and is an endogenous inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis. Similarly, morpholino based knockdown of MGP in zebrafish embryos caused a progressive loss of luminal structures in intersegmental vessels, a phenotype reminiscent of Dll4/Notch inhibition. Accordingly, MGP suppressed Notch-dependent Hes-1 promoter activity and expression of Jagged1 mRNA relative to Dll4 mRNA. However, inhibition of BMP but not Notch or VEGF signaling reversed the excessive angiogenic sprouting phenotype of MGP knockout aortic rings suggesting that MGP may normally suppress angiogenic sprouting by blocking BMP signaling. Collectively, these results suggest that MGP is a multi-functional inhibitor of normal and abnormal angiogenesis that may function by coordinating with both Notch and BMP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Sharma
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA
| | - Allan R. Albig
- Department of Biology, Boise State University, Boise ID. 83725
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Guo S, Zhou Y, Xing C, Lok J, Som AT, Ning M, Ji X, Lo EH. The vasculome of the mouse brain. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52665. [PMID: 23285140 PMCID: PMC3527566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood vessel is no longer viewed as passive plumbing for the brain. Increasingly, experimental and clinical findings suggest that cerebral endothelium may possess endocrine and paracrine properties – actively releasing signals into and receiving signals from the neuronal parenchyma. Hence, metabolically perturbed microvessels may contribute to central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease. Furthermore, cerebral endothelium can serve as sensors and integrators of CNS dysfunction, releasing measurable biomarkers into the circulating bloodstream. Here, we define and analyze the concept of a brain vasculome, i.e. a database of gene expression patterns in cerebral endothelium that can be linked to other databases and systems of CNS mediators and markers. Endothelial cells were purified from mouse brain, heart and kidney glomeruli. Total RNA were extracted and profiled on Affymetrix mouse 430 2.0 micro-arrays. Gene expression analysis confirmed that these brain, heart and glomerular preparations were not contaminated by brain cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or neurons), cardiomyocytes or kidney tubular cells respectively. Comparison of the vasculome between brain, heart and kidney glomeruli showed that endothelial gene expression patterns were highly organ-dependent. Analysis of the brain vasculome demonstrated that many functionally active networks were present, including cell adhesion, transporter activity, plasma membrane, leukocyte transmigration, Wnt signaling pathways and angiogenesis. Analysis of representative genome-wide-association-studies showed that genes linked with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and stroke were detected in the brain vasculome. Finally, comparison of our mouse brain vasculome with representative plasma protein databases demonstrated significant overlap, suggesting that the vasculome may be an important source of circulating signals in blood. Perturbations in cerebral endothelial function may profoundly affect CNS homeostasis. Mapping and dissecting the vasculome of the brain in health and disease may provide a novel database for investigating disease mechanisms, assessing therapeutic targets and exploring new biomarkers for the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Guo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SG); (EHL)
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Changhong Xing
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Angel T. Som
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - MingMing Ning
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xunming Ji
- Cerebrovascular Research Center, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SG); (EHL)
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Peier M, Walpen T, Christofori G, Battegay E, Humar R. Sprouty2 expression controls endothelial monolayer integrity and quiescence. Angiogenesis 2012; 16:455-68. [PMID: 23232625 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-012-9330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular integrity is fundamental to the formation of mature blood vessels and depends on a functional, quiescent endothelial monolayer. However, how endothelial cells enter and maintain quiescence in the presence of angiogenic factors is still poorly understood. Here we identify the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) antagonist Sprouty2 (Spry2) as a key player in mediating endothelial quiescence and barrier integrity in mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs): Spry2 knockout MAECs show spindle-like shapes and are incapable of forming a functional, impermeable endothelial monolayer in the presence of FGF2. Whereas dense wild type cells exhibit contact inhibition and stop to proliferate, Spry2 knockout MAECs remain responsive to FGF2 and continue to proliferate even at high cell densities. Importantly, the anti-proliferative effect of Spry2 is absent in sparsely plated cells. This cell density-dependent Spry2 function correlates with highly increased Spry2 expression in confluent wild type MAECs. Spry2 protein expression is barely detectable in single cells but steadily increases in cells growing to high cell densities, with hypoxia being one contributing factor. At confluence, Spry2 expression correlates with intact cell-cell contacts, whereas disruption of cell-cell contacts by EGTA, TNFα and thrombin decreases Spry2 protein expression. In confluent cells, high Spry2 levels correlate with decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) phosphorylation. In contrast, dense Spry2 knockout MAECs exhibit enhanced signaling by Erk1/2. Moreover, inhibiting Erk1/2 activity in Spry2 knockout cells restores wild type cobblestone monolayer morphology. This study thus reveals a novel Spry2 function, which mediates endothelial contact inhibition and barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Peier
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 30, GLO30 J14, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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34
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Liang HD, Yu F, Tong ZH, Zhang HQ, Liang W. Cistanches Herba aqueous extract affecting serum BGP and TRAP and bone marrow Smad1 mRNA, Smad5 mRNA, TGF-β1 mRNA and TIEG1 mRNA expression levels in osteoporosis disease. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:757-63. [PMID: 23232713 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied molecular mechanism of Cistanches Herba aqueous extract (CHAE) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, as an experimental model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Female rats were either sham-operated or bilaterally OVX; and at 60 days postoperatively. The OVX group (n = 8) received an ovariectomy and treatment with normal saline for 90 days commencing from 20th post ovariectomy day. The ovariectomized +CHAE (OVX + CHAE) group (n = 8) received an ovariectomy and were treated with Cistanches Herba aqueous extract of 100 mg/kg body weight daily for 90 days commencing from 22nd post ovariectomy day. The ovariectomy +CHAE (OVX + CHAE) group (n = 8) received an ovariectomy, and were treated with the of 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 90 days commencing from 20th post ovariectomy day. Serum BGP and TRAP, E2, FSH and LH level, bone marrow Smad1, Smad5, TGF-β1 and TIEG1 mRNA expression levels were examined. Results showed that serum BGP and TRAP, FSH and LH levels were significantly increased, whereas E2, Smad1, Smad5, TGF-β1 and TIEG1 mRNA and proteins expression levels were significantly decreased in OVX rats compared to sham rats. 90 days of CHAE treatment could significantly decrease serum BGP and TRAP, FSH and LH levels, and increase E2, Smad1, Smad5, TGF-β1 and TIEG1 mRNA and proteins expression levels in OVX rats. It can be concluded that CHAE play its protective effect against OVX-induced bone degeneration partly by regulating some bone metabolism related genes, e.g. Smad1, Smad5, TGF-β1 and TIEG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Dong Liang
- Hands and Feet Microsurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, 116033, China.
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35
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Sakurai T. The role of NrCAM in neural development and disorders--beyond a simple glue in the brain. Mol Cell Neurosci 2011; 49:351-63. [PMID: 22182708 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NrCAM is a neuronal cell adhesion molecule of the L1 family of immunoglobulin super family. It plays a wide variety of roles in neural development, including cell proliferation and differentiation, axon growth and guidance, synapse formation, and the formation of the myelinated nerve structure. NrCAM functions in cell adhesion and modulates signaling pathways in neural development through multiple molecular interactions with guidance and other factors. Alterations in NrCAM structure/expression are associated with psychiatric disorders such as autism and drug addiction and with tumor progression. The mechanisms of NrCAM participation in development and how these might be perturbed in disorders are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sakurai
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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36
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Chan JY, Ong CW, Salto-Tellez M. Overexpression of neurone glial-related cell adhesion molecule is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in advanced colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1855-61. [PMID: 21718388 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A downstream target of the Wnt pathway, neurone glial-related cell adhesion molecule (Nr-CAM) has recently been implicated in human cancer development. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathobiology and clinical relevance remains unknown. In this study, we examined the clinical significance of Nr-CAM protein expression in a retrospective series of 428 CRCs using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarrays. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) of mortality according to various clinicopathological features and molecular markers. All CRC samples were immunoreactive for Nr-CAM protein expression, compared to 10 ⁄ 245 (4%) matched normal tissue (P < 0.0001). Of 428 CRC samples, 97 (23%) showed Nr-CAM overexpression, which was significantly associated with nodal (P = 0.012) and distant (P = 0.039) metastasis, but not with extent of local invasion or tumor size. Additionally, Nr-CAM overexpression was associated with vascular invasion (P = 0.0029), p53 expression (P = 0.036), and peritoneal metastasis at diagnosis (P = 0.013). In a multivariate model adjusted for other clinicopathological predictors of survival, Nr-CAM overexpression correlated with a significant increase in disease-specific (HR 1.66; 95% confidence interval 1.11-2.47; P = 0.014) and overall mortality (HR 1.57; 95% confidence interval 1.07-2.30; P = 0.023) in advanced but not early stage disease. Notably, 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy conferred significant survival benefit to patients with tumors negative for Nr-CAM overexpression but not to those with Nr-CAM overexpressed tumors. In conclusion, Nr-CAM protein expression is upregulated in CRC tissues. Nr-CAM overexpression is an independent marker of poor prognosis among advanced CRC patients, and is a possible predictive marker for non-beneficence to 5-fluorouracil- based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Chan
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Follistatin improves skeletal muscle healing after injury and disease through an interaction with muscle regeneration, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:915-30. [PMID: 21689628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recovery from skeletal muscle injury is often incomplete because of the formation of fibrosis and inadequate myofiber regeneration; therefore, injured muscle could benefit significantly from therapies that both stimulate muscle regeneration and inhibit fibrosis. To this end, we focused on blocking myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and a negative regulator of muscle regeneration, with the myostatin antagonist follistatin. In vivo, follistatin-overexpressing transgenic mice underwent significantly greater myofiber regeneration and had less fibrosis formation compared with wild-type mice after skeletal muscle injury. Follistatin's mode of action is likely due to its ability to block myostatin and enhance neovacularization. Furthermore, muscle progenitor cells isolated from follistatin-overexpressing mice were significantly superior to muscle progenitors isolated from wild-type mice at regenerating dystrophin-positive myofibers when transplanted into the skeletal muscle of dystrophic mdx/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. In vitro, follistatin stimulated myoblasts to express MyoD, Myf5, and myogenin, which are myogenic transcription factors that promote myogenic differentiation. Moreover, follistatin's ability to enhance muscle differentiation is at least partially due to its ability to block myostatin, activin A, and transforming growth factor-β1, all of which are negative regulators of muscle cell differentiation. The findings of this study suggest that follistatin is a promising agent for improving skeletal muscle healing after injury and muscle diseases, such as the muscular dystrophies.
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Longo UG, Lamberti A, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Tissue engineered biological augmentation for tendon healing: a systematic review. Br Med Bull 2011; 98:31-59. [PMID: 20851817 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldq030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tendon injuries give rise to significant morbidity. In the last few decades, several techniques have been increasingly used to optimize tendon healing. SOURCES OF DATA We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL and Embase databases using various combinations of the commercial names of each scaffold and the keywords 'tendon', 'rotator cuff', 'supraspinatus tendon', 'Achilles tendon', 'growth factors', 'cytokines', 'gene therapy', 'tissue engineering', 'mesenchymal' and 'stem cells' over the years 1966-2009. All articles relevant to the subject were retrieved, and their bibliographies were hand searched for further references in the context to tissue-engineered biological augmentation for tendon healing. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Several new techniques are available for tissue-engineered biological augmentation for tendon healing, growth factors, gene therapy and mesenchimal stem cells. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Data are lacking to allow definitive conclusions on the use of these techniques for routine management of tendon ailments. GROWING POINTS The emerging field of tissue engineering holds the promise to use new techniques for tendon augmentation and repair. Preliminary studies support the idea that these techniques can provide an alternative for tendon augmentation with great therapeutic potential. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH The optimization strategies discussed in this article are currently at an early stage of development. Although these emerging technologies may develop into substantial clinical treatment options, their full impact needs to be critically evaluated in a scientific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Biomedico University, Trigoria, Rome, Italy
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Gadgil C, Rink A, Beattie C, Hu WS. A mathematical model for suppression subtractive hybridization. Comp Funct Genomics 2010; 3:405-22. [PMID: 18629052 PMCID: PMC2447336 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2002] [Accepted: 08/01/2002] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) is frequently used to unearth differentially expressed genes on a whole-genome scale. Its versatility is based on combining
cDNA library subtraction and normalization, which allows the isolation of sequences
of varying degrees of abundance and differential expression. SSH is a complex process
with many adjustable parameters that affect the outcome of gene isolation.We present
a mathematical model of SSH based on DNA hybridization kinetics for assessing the
effect of various parameters to facilitate its optimization. We derive an equation
for the probability that a particular differentially expressed species is successfully
isolated and use this to quantify the effect of the following parameters related to
the cDNA sample: (a) mRNA abundance; (b) partial sequence complementarity to
other species; and (3) degree of differential expression. We also evaluate the effect
of parameters related to the process, including: (a) reaction times; and (b) extent
of driver excess used in the two hybridization reactions. The optimum set of process
parameters for successful isolation of differentially expressed species depends
on transcript abundance. We show that the reaction conditions have a significant
effect on the occurrence of false-positives and formulate strategies to isolate specific
subsets of differentially expressed genes. We also quantify the effect of non-specific
hybridization on the false-positive results and present strategies for spiking cDNA
sequences to address this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Gadgil
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Avenue SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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40
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Akins RE, Rockwood D, Robinson KG, Sandusky D, Rabolt J, Pizarro C. Three-dimensional culture alters primary cardiac cell phenotype. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:629-41. [PMID: 20001738 PMCID: PMC2813151 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The directed formation of complex three-dimensional (3D) tissue architecture is a fundamental goal in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The growth of cells in 3D structures is expected to influence cellular phenotype and function, especially relative cell distribution, expression profiles, and responsiveness to exogenous signals; however, relatively few studies have been carried out to examine the effects of 3D reaggregation on cells from critical target organs, like the heart. Accordingly, we cultured primary cardiac ventricular cells in a 3D model system using a serum-free medium to test the hypothesis that expression profiles, multicellular organizational pathways, tissue maturation markers, and responsiveness to hormone stimulation were significantly altered in stable cell populations grown in 3D versus 2D culture. We found that distinct multi-cellular structures formed in 3D in conjunction with changes in mRNA expression profile, up-regulation of endothelial cell migratory pathways, decreases in the expression of fetal genes (Nppa and Ankrd1), and increased sensitivity to tri-iodothyronine stimulation when compared to parallel 2D cultures comprising the same cell populations. These results indicate that the culture of primary cardiac cells in 3D aggregates leads to physiologically relevant alterations in component cell phenotype consistent with cardiac ventricular tissue formation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Akins
- Nemours Biomedical Research Center, AI duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, USA.
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42
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Gao J, Knutsen A, Arbman G, Carstensen J, Frånlund B, Sun XF. Clinical and biological significance of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Dig Liver Dis 2009; 41:116-22. [PMID: 19038587 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2008.07.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are essential for tumour development and progression. However, in colorectal cancer (CRC), the relationship between angiogenesis and clinical outcome is controversial, and the prognostic significance of lymphangiogenesis is not well examined because of the lack of specific a marker for lymphatic vessels. AIMS To evaluate blood microvessel density (MVD) following the proposed standard method for MVD assessment given by the first international consensus and lymphatic vessel density (LVD), and investigate their clinicopathologic and biologic significance in CRC. METHODS MVD and LVD in primary tumours (n=210), along with their corresponding adjacent normal mucosa (n=105) and distant normal mucosa (n=27) specimens, were immunohistochemically examined by using CD31 and D2-40 antibodies. RESULTS Both MVD and LVD were higher in tumour compared with the corresponding normal mucosa. In tumours, MVD was positively related to particular interesting new cysteine-histidine-rich protein (PINCH) expression (P=0.006), but not with clinicopathologic variables. LVD, in both intratumoural and peritumoural areas of tumours, was reversely related to Dukes' stage. There was no association between MVD or LVD and patients' survival (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis occurred in CRC development, but were not related to CRC patient prognosis. PINCH may play a potential role in tumour angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gao
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
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43
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The application of SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry to mammalian cell culture. Biotechnol Adv 2008; 27:177-84. [PMID: 19049820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionisation Time-of-Fight Mass Spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) is a technique by which protein profiles can be rapidly produced from a wide variety of biological samples. By employing chromatographic surfaces combined with the specificity and reproducibility of mass spectrometry it has allowed for profiles from complex biological samples to be analysed. Profiling and biomarker identification have been employed widely throughout the biological sciences. To date, however, the benefits of SELDI-TOF MS have not been realised in the area of mammalian cell culture. The advantages in identifying markers for cell stresses, apoptosis and other culture parameters mean that these tools could help greatly to enhance monitoring and control of bioreaction process and improve the production of therapeutics. Better characterisation of culture systems through proteome analysis will allow for improved productivity and better yields.
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44
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Chu CY, Cha ST, Lin WC, Lu PH, Tan CT, Chang CC, Lin BR, Jee SH, Kuo ML. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α/CXCL12)-enhanced angiogenesis of human basal cell carcinoma cells involves ERK1/2–NF-κB/interleukin-6 pathway. Carcinogenesis 2008; 30:205-13. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Eguchi R, Naitou H, Kunimasa K, Ayuzawa R, Fujimori Y, Ohashi N, Kaji K, Ohta T. Proteomic analysis of hypoxia-induced tube breakdown of an in vitro capillary model composed of HUVECs: Potential role of p38-regulated reduction of HSP27. Proteomics 2008; 8:2897-906. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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46
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Sosnoski DM, Gay CV. Evaluation of bone-derived and marrow-derived vascular endothelial cells by microarray analysis. J Cell Biochem 2008; 102:463-72. [PMID: 17372935 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the differential expression levels of proteins that may exist between bone-derived and marrow-derived vascular endothelial cells (BVEC and MVEC). The vascular cells were isolated from trabecular bone regions and central marrow cavity regions of mouse long bones. Cells were cultured for 1 week to expand the population then separated from non-vascular cells using biotinylated isolectin B4, streptavidin-coated metallic microbeads, and a magnetic column. After an additional week of culture time, RNA was isolated from both cell types and compared using microarray analysis. RT-PCR was used to confirm and relatively quantitate the RNA messages. The bone-derived cells expressed more aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1), Secreted Modular Calcium-2 (SMOC-2), CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP-beta), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), and annexin 8 (ANX8) than the marrow-derived cells. Spalpha and matrix GLA-protein (MGP) were produced in greater abundance by the marrow-derived cells. This study reveals that there are profound and unique differences between the vasculature of the metaphysis as compared to that of the central marrow cavity. The unique array of proteins expressed by the bone-derived endothelial cells may support growth of tumors from cancer cells that frequently metastasize and lodge in the trabecular bone regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Sosnoski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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Holmes DI, Zachary IC. Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates Stanniocalcin-1 expression via Neuropilin-1-dependent regulation of KDR and synergism with fibroblast growth Factor-2. Cell Signal 2008; 20:569-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sprouty proteins, masterminds of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Angiogenesis 2008; 11:53-62. [PMID: 18219583 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-008-9089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis relies on endothelial cells properly processing signals from growth factors provided in both an autocrine and a paracrine manner. These mitogens bind to their cognate receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) on the cell surface, thereby activating a myriad of complex intracellular signaling pathways whose outputs include cell growth, migration, and morphogenesis. Understanding how these cascades are precisely controlled will provide insight into physiological and pathological angiogenesis. The Sprouty (Spry) family of proteins is a highly conserved group of negative feedback loop modulators of growth factor-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation originally described in Drosophila. There are four mammalian orthologs (Spry1-4) whose modulation of RTK-induced signaling pathways is growth factor- and cell context-dependent. Endothelial cells are a group of highly differentiated cell types necessary for defining the mammalian vasculature. These cells respond to a plethora of growth factors and express all four Spry isoforms, thus highlighting the complexity that is required to form and maintain vessels in mammals. This review describes Spry functions in the context of endothelial biology and angiogenesis, and provides an update on Spry-interacting proteins and Spry mechanisms of action.
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Yao Y, Nowak S, Yochelis A, Garfinkel A, Boström KI. Matrix GLA protein, an inhibitory morphogen in pulmonary vascular development. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:30131-42. [PMID: 17670744 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704297200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of matrix GLA protein (MGP), an inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2/4, is known to cause arterial calcification and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. Yet the vascular role of MGP remains poorly understood. To further investigate MGP, we created a new MGP transgenic mouse model with high expression of the transgene in the lungs. The excess MGP led to a disruption of the pulmonary pattern of BMP-4, and resulted in significant morphological defects in the pulmonary artery tree. Specifically, the vascular branching pattern lacked characteristic side branching, whereas control lungs had extensive side branching accounting for as much as 40% of the vascular endothelium. The vascular changes could be explained by a dramatic reduction of phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8 in the alveolar epithelium, and in epithelial expression of the activin-like kinase receptor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor, both critical in vascular formation. Abnormalities were also found in the terminal airways and in lung cell differentiation; high levels of surfactant protein-B were distributed in an abnormal pattern suggesting lost coordination between vasculature and airways. Ex vivo, lung cells from MGP transgenic mice showed higher proliferation, in particular surfactant protein B-expressing cells, and conditioned medium from these cells poorly supported in vitro angiogenesis compared with normal lung cells. The vascular branching defect can be mechanistically explained by a computational model based on activator/inhibitor reaction-diffusion dynamics, where BMP-4 and MGP are considered as an activating and inhibitory morphogen, respectively, suggesting that morphogen interactions are important for vascular branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1679
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Górka B, Skubis-Zegadło J, Mikula M, Bardadin K, Paliczka E, Czarnocka B. NrCAM, a neuronal system cell-adhesion molecule, is induced in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:531-8. [PMID: 17667921 PMCID: PMC2360353 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NrCAM (neuron-glia-related cell-adhesion molecule) is primarily, although not solely, expressed in the nervous system. In the present study, NrCAM expression was analysed in a series (46) of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and paired normal tissues (NT). Quantitative reverse transcriptase (QRT)-PCR revealed that NrCAM expression was upregulated in all PTCs compared to normal thyroid, whatever the stage or size of the primary tumour. NrCAM transcript levels were 1.3- to 30.7-fold higher in PTCs than in NT. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed that the expression of NrCAM was considerably higher in tumours (score 2+/3+) than in adjacent normal paratumoural thyroid tissue. The NrCAM protein was detected in all but three (93.3%) PTC samples, and it was mainly cytoplasmic; in some cases there was additional membranous localisation – basolateral and partly apical. In the normal thyroid and tissues surrounding tumours, focal NrCAM immunolabelling was seen only in follicles containing tall cells, where staining was restricted to the apical pole of thyrocytes. Western blot analysis corroborated the QRT–PCR and IHC results, showing higher NrCAM protein levels in PTCs than in paired NT. The level of overexpression of the NrCAM mRNA in tumourous tissue appeared to be independent of the primary tumour stage (pT) or the size of the PTC. These data provide the first evidence that NrCAM is overexpressed in human PTCs at the mRNA and protein levels, whatever the tumour stage. Thus, the induction and upregulation of NrCAM expression could be implicated in the pathogenesis and behaviour of papillary thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Górka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Skubis-Zegadło
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mikula
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education and Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Bardadin
- Department of Pathology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Ceglowska 80, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Paliczka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - B Czarnocka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- E-mail:
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