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Xu F, Huang H, Shen Q, Bao Y, Zhang D, Liu L, Xu Y. Phenotypic and mutational spectrum of 17 Chinese patients with Menkes Disease. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07676-5. [PMID: 38969962 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menkes Disease (MD) is a fatal X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7A gene. Severe cases typically die before the age of three. Mild MD and occipital horn syndrome are variants of MD characterized by a less severe phenotype and longer survival. OBJECTIVE This case series aims to validate previous findings, expand the clinical phenotype, identify novel ATP7A mutations of MD patients. METHODS Observational data with follow-up were collected from 17 genetically diagnosed Chinese MD patients. RESULTS All 17 patients exhibited neurological symptoms, including delayed motor milestones (100%) and seizures (58.8%). Unspecific pregnancy or delivery complications occurred in 9 patients (52.9%). The most prevalent connective tissue problems were abnormal hair (76.5%), followed by skeletal and dental abnormalities (52.9%), skin problems (41.2%) and hernia (35.3%). Sensorineural hearing loss (17.6%) was previously unreported. Coronary artery aneurysm and patent foramen ovale (5.9%) were infrequent. One 16-year-old boy carries pathological exon 3-4 deletion, presents novel mild phenotype including short stature and cerebellar ataxia. Out of 13 patients with follow-up (median: 24 months), 7 patients (53.8%) died with median survival of 40 months (range: 21-48 months), 3 patients (23.1%) show severe motor development delay and 2 (15.4%) have refractory epilepsy, only the mild MD patient shows improved cerebellar ataxia. Sixteen ATP7A mutations were identified including 6 small indels (37.5%), 5 nonsense mutations (31.2%), 2 missense mutations (12.5%), 2 exon deletions (12.5%), and 1 splice site mutation (6.25%). Fourteen mutations were novel. CONCLUSIONS Our study further broadens the phenotypic and genotypic spectrums of Menkes disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyan Shen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanming Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Oppenheim HA, Montenegro MA. Emergence of kinky hair in Menkes disease. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2024; 82:1-2. [PMID: 38740034 PMCID: PMC11090648 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. Oppenheim
- University of California San Diego, Department of Neuroscience, San Diego California, United States.
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3
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Fang C, Peng Z, Sang Y, Ren Z, Ding H, Yuan H, Hu K. Copper in Cancer: from transition metal to potential target. Hum Cell 2024; 37:85-100. [PMID: 37751026 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the continuous in-depth exploration of the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis, numerous potential new targets for cancer treatment have been identified, some of which have been further developed in clinical practice and have produced positive outcomes. Notably, researchers' initial motivation for studying copper metabolism in cancer stems from the fact that copper is a necessary trace element for organisms and is closely connected to body growth and metabolism. Moreover, over the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular processes and correlations between copper and cancer. Certain achievements have been made in the development and use of relevant clinical medications. The concept of "cuproptosis," a novel concept that differs from previous forms of cell death, was first proposed by a group of scientists last year, offering fresh perspectives on the targeting capabilities of copper in the treatment of cancer. In this review, we introduced the fundamental physiological functions of copper, the key components of copper metabolism, and a summary of the current research contributions on the connection between copper and cancer. In addition, the development of new copper-based nanomaterials and their associated mechanisms of action are discussed. Finally, we described how the susceptibility of cancer cells to this metallic nutrition could be leveraged to further improve the existing cancer treatment paradigm in the new setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NO. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NO. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Sang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zihao Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NO. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiming Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NO. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NO. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongwang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NO. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Babić Leko M, Langer Horvat L, Španić Popovački E, Zubčić K, Hof PR, Šimić G. Metals in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1161. [PMID: 37189779 PMCID: PMC10136077 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of metals in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still debated. Although previous research has linked changes in essential metal homeostasis and exposure to environmental heavy metals to the pathogenesis of AD, more research is needed to determine the relationship between metals and AD. In this review, we included human studies that (1) compared the metal concentrations between AD patients and healthy controls, (2) correlated concentrations of AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers with metal concentrations, and (3) used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the potential metal contributions to AD risk. Although many studies have examined various metals in dementia patients, understanding the dynamics of metals in these patients remains difficult due to considerable inconsistencies among the results of individual studies. The most consistent findings were for Zn and Cu, with most studies observing a decrease in Zn levels and an increase in Cu levels in AD patients. However, several studies found no such relation. Because few studies have compared metal levels with biomarker levels in the CSF of AD patients, more research of this type is required. Given that MR is revolutionizing epidemiologic research, additional MR studies that include participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds to assess the causal relationship between metals and AD risk are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lea Langer Horvat
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ena Španić Popovački
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Zubčić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Halsey G, Sinha D, Dhital S, Wang X, Vyavahare N. Role of elastic fiber degradation in disease pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166706. [PMID: 37001705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Elastin is a crucial extracellular matrix protein that provides structural integrity to tissues. Crosslinked elastin and associated microfibrils, named elastic fiber, contribute to biomechanics by providing the elasticity required for proper function. During aging and disease, elastic fiber can be progressively degraded and since there is little elastin synthesis in adults, degraded elastic fiber is not regenerated. There is substantial evidence linking loss or damage of elastic fibers to the clinical manifestation and pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Disruption of elastic fiber networks by hereditary mutations, aging, or pathogenic stimuli results in systemic ailments associated with the production of elastin degradation products, inflammatory responses, and abnormal physiology. Due to its longevity, unique mechanical properties, and widespread distribution in the body, elastic fiber plays a central role in homeostasis of various physiological systems. While pathogenesis related to elastic fiber degradation has been more thoroughly studied in elastic fiber rich tissues such as the vasculature and the lungs, even tissues containing relatively small quantities of elastic fibers such as the eyes or joints may be severely impacted by elastin degradation. Elastic fiber degradation is a common observation in certain hereditary, age, and specific risk factor exposure induced diseases representing a converging point of pathological clinical phenotypes which may also help explain the appearance of co-morbidities. In this review, we will first cover the role of elastic fiber degradation in the manifestation of hereditary diseases then individually explore the structural role and degradation effects of elastic fibers in various tissues and organ systems. Overall, stabilizing elastic fiber structures and repairing lost elastin may be effective strategies to reverse the effects of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Halsey
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States of America
| | - Dipasha Sinha
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States of America
| | - Saphala Dhital
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States of America
| | - Naren Vyavahare
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States of America.
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6
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A water-soluble benzimidazole derivative for rapidly detecting Cu2+ in aqueous solution. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Ciosek Ż, Kot K, Rotter I. Iron, Zinc, Copper, Cadmium, Mercury, and Bone Tissue. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2197. [PMID: 36767564 PMCID: PMC9915283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the current understanding on the effects of five metals on bone tissue, namely iron, zinc, copper, cadmium, and mercury. Iron, zinc, and copper contribute significantly to human and animal metabolism when present in sufficient amounts, but their excess or shortage increases the risk of developing bone disorders. In contrast, cadmium and mercury serve no physiological purpose and their long-term accumulation damages the osteoarticular system. We discuss the methods of action and interactions between the discussed elements as well as the concentrations of each element in distinct bone structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Ciosek
- Chair and Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Kot
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Chair and Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
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8
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Fujisawa C, Kodama H, Sato Y, Mimaki M, Yagi M, Awano H, Matsuo M, Shintaku H, Yoshida S, Takayanagi M, Kubota M, Takahashi A, Akasaka Y. Early clinical signs and treatment of Menkes disease. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 31:100849. [PMID: 35242581 PMCID: PMC8861833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Menkes disease (MD) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in ATP7A. Patients with MD exhibit severe neurological and connective tissue disorders due to copper deficiency and typically die before 3 years of age. Early treatment with copper injections during the neonatal period, before the occurrence of neurological symptoms, can alleviate neurological disturbances to some degree. We investigated whether early symptoms can help in the early diagnosis of MD. Abnormal hair growth, prolonged jaundice, and feeding difficulties were observed during the neonatal period in 20 of 69, 16 of 67, and 3 of 18 patients, respectively. Only three patients visited a physician during the neonatal period; MD diagnosis was not made at that point. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.7 months. Seven patients, who were diagnosed in the prenatal stage or soon after birth, as they had a family history of MD, received early treatment. No diagnosis was made based on early symptoms, highlighting the difficulty in diagnosing MD based on symptoms observed during the neonatal period. Patients who received early treatment lived longer than their elderly relatives with MD. Three patients could walk and did not have seizures. Therefore, effective newborn screening for MD should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Fujisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
- Department of Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Kodama
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
| | - Masakazu Mimaki
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
| | - Mariko Yagi
- Department of Childhood Development and Education, Faculty of Human Science, Konan Women's University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 658-0001, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Awano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Muneaki Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga-shi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Haruo Shintaku
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka-City, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara-shi, Nara 630-8581, Japan
| | - Masaki Takayanagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba-shi, Chiba 266-0007, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kubota
- Department of General Pediatrics and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akihito Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Akasaka
- Unit of Regenerative Diseases Research, Division of Research Promotion and Development, Advanced Medical Research Center, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
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9
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Heinz A. Elastic fibers during aging and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101255. [PMID: 33434682 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Elastic fibers are essential constituents of the extracellular matrix of higher vertebrates and endow several tissues and organs including lungs, skin and blood vessels with elasticity and resilience. During the human lifespan, elastic fibers are exposed to a variety of enzymatic, chemical and biophysical influences, and accumulate damage due to their low turnover. Aging of elastin and elastic fibers involves enzymatic degradation, oxidative damage, glycation, calcification, aspartic acid racemization, binding of lipids and lipid peroxidation products, carbamylation and mechanical fatigue. These processes can trigger an impairment or loss of elastic fiber function and are associated with severe pathologies. There are different inherited or acquired pathological conditions, which influence the structure and function of elastic fibers and microfibrils predominantly in the cardiorespiratory system and skin. Inherited elastic-fiber pathologies have a direct or indirect impact on elastic-fiber formation due to mutations in the fibrillin genes (fibrillinopathies), in the elastin gene (elastinopathies) or in genes encoding proteins that are associated with microfibrils or elastic fibers. Acquired elastic-fiber pathologies appear age-related or as a result of multiple factors impairing tissue homeostasis. This review gives an overview on the fate of elastic fibers over the human lifespan in health and disease.
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Lie CJL, Koh MJA, Ho VPY. Gray hair and fair skin in an infant with epilepsy. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:280-282. [PMID: 33630363 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Jean Aan Koh
- Dermatology Service, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Guthrie LM, Soma S, Yuan S, Silva A, Zulkifli M, Snavely TC, Greene HF, Nunez E, Lynch B, De Ville C, Shanbhag V, Lopez FR, Acharya A, Petris MJ, Kim BE, Gohil VM, Sacchettini JC. Elesclomol alleviates Menkes pathology and mortality by escorting Cu to cuproenzymes in mice. Science 2020; 368:620-625. [PMID: 32381719 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz8899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the copper (Cu) transporter ATP7A cause Menkes disease. Menkes is an infantile, fatal, hereditary copper-deficiency disorder that is characterized by progressive neurological injury culminating in death, typically by 3 years of age. Severe copper deficiency leads to multiple pathologies, including impaired energy generation caused by cytochrome c oxidase dysfunction in the mitochondria. Here we report that the small molecule elesclomol escorted copper to the mitochondria and increased cytochrome c oxidase levels in the brain. Through this mechanism, elesclomol prevented detrimental neurodegenerative changes and improved the survival of the mottled-brindled mouse-a murine model of severe Menkes disease. Thus, elesclomol holds promise for the treatment of Menkes and associated disorders of hereditary copper deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam M Guthrie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shivatheja Soma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sai Yuan
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Andres Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mohammad Zulkifli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Thomas C Snavely
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hannah Faith Greene
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Elyssa Nunez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Brogan Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Courtney De Ville
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Vinit Shanbhag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Franklin R Lopez
- Texas Veterinary Medicine Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Arjun Acharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Michael J Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Byung-Eun Kim
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - James C Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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12
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Dang W, Ma B, Li B, Huan Z, Ma N, Zhu H, Chang J, Xiao Y, Wu C. 3D printing of metal-organic framework nanosheets-structured scaffolds with tumor therapy and bone construction. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025005. [PMID: 31756727 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab5ae3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
After surgical resection for a bone tumor, the uncleared bone tumor cells can multiply and cause recurrence of the bone tumor. It is worthwhile to design a scaffold that kills the remaining bone tumor cells and repairs bone defects that were given rise to by surgical resection. Additionally, it is extremely important to consider the function of angiogenesis in the process of bone regeneration because the newly formed blood vessels can offer the nutrients for bone regeneration. In this work, a novel metal-organic framework Cu-TCPP nanosheets interface-structured β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (Cu-TCPP-TCP) scaffold was successfully prepared through integrating a 3D-printing technique with an in-situ growth method in a solvothermal system. Owing to the excellent photothermal effect of Cu-TCPP nanosheets, Cu-TCPP-TCP scaffolds that were illuminated by near-infrared (NIR) light demonstrated photothermal performance, which was well regulated through varying the contents of Cu-TCPP nanosheets, and the ambient humidity and power density of NIR light. When cultured with osteosarcoma cells, Cu-TCPP-TCP scaffolds killed a significant quantity of osteosarcoma cells through released heat energy after exposure to NIR light with power density 1.0 W cm-2 and duration 10 min. Similarly, Cu-TCPP-TCP scaffolds ablated subcutaneous bone tumor tissues on the backs of naked mice and suppressed their growth because of the heat energy transformed from NIR light. I n-vitro studies found that Cu-TCPP-TCP scaffolds ably supported the attachments of both human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and significantly stimulated expressions of osteogenesis differentiation-related genes in HBMSCs and angiogenesis differentiation-related genes in HUVECs. After implanting Cu-TCPP-TCP scaffolds into the bone defects of rabbits, they effectively promoted bone regeneration. Thus, the integration of the bone-forming bioactivity of TCP scaffolds with the photothermal properties of Cu-TCPP nanosheets and angiogenesis activity of Cu ions makes Cu-TCPP-TCP scaffolds multifunctional, representing a new horizon to develop biomaterials for simultaneously curing bone tumors and repairing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Dang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China. Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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13
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da Silva WMB, de Oliveira Pinheiro S, Alves DR, de Menezes JESA, Magalhães FEA, Silva FCO, Silva J, Marinho ES, de Morais SM. Synthesis of Quercetin-Metal Complexes, In Vitro and In Silico Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Evaluation, and In Vivo Toxicological and Anxiolitic Activities. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:893-903. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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14
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Schmelzer CEH, Hedtke T, Heinz A. Unique molecular networks: Formation and role of elastin cross-links. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:842-854. [PMID: 31834666 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Elastic fibers are essential assemblies of vertebrates and confer elasticity and resilience to various organs including blood vessels, lungs, skin, and ligaments. Mature fibers, which comprise a dense and insoluble elastin core and a microfibrillar mantle, are extremely resistant toward intrinsic and extrinsic influences and maintain elastic function over the human lifespan in healthy conditions. The oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine to peptidyl allysine in elastin's precursor tropoelastin is a crucial posttranslational step in their formation. The modification is catalyzed by members of the family of lysyl oxidases and the starting point for subsequent manifold condensation reactions that eventually lead to the highly cross-linked elastomer. This review summarizes the current understanding of the formation of cross-links within and between the monomer molecules, the molecular sites, and cross-link types involved and the pathological consequences of abnormalities in the cross-linking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E H Schmelzer
- Department of Biological and Macromolecular Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tobias Hedtke
- Department of Biological and Macromolecular Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Heinz
- Department of Pharmacy, LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Tavera-Montañez C, Hainer SJ, Cangussu D, Gordon SJV, Xiao Y, Reyes-Gutierrez P, Imbalzano AN, Navea JG, Fazzio TG, Padilla-Benavides T. The classic metal-sensing transcription factor MTF1 promotes myogenesis in response to copper. FASEB J 2019; 33:14556-14574. [PMID: 31690123 PMCID: PMC6894080 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901606r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1) is a conserved metal-binding transcription factor in eukaryotes that binds to conserved DNA sequence motifs, termed metal response elements. MTF1 responds to both metal excess and deprivation, protects cells from oxidative and hypoxic stresses, and is required for embryonic development in vertebrates. To examine the role for MTF1 in cell differentiation, we use multiple experimental strategies [including gene knockdown (KD) mediated by small hairpin RNA and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), immunofluorescence, chromatin immunopreciptation sequencing, subcellular fractionation, and atomic absorbance spectroscopy] and report a previously unappreciated role for MTF1 and copper (Cu) in cell differentiation. Upon initiation of myogenesis from primary myoblasts, both MTF1 expression and nuclear localization increased. Mtf1 KD impaired differentiation, whereas addition of nontoxic concentrations of Cu+-enhanced MTF1 expression and promoted myogenesis. Furthermore, we observed that Cu+ binds stoichiometrically to a C terminus tetra-cysteine of MTF1. MTF1 bound to chromatin at the promoter regions of myogenic genes, and Cu addition stimulated this binding. Of note, MTF1 formed a complex with myogenic differentiation (MYOD)1, the master transcriptional regulator of the myogenic lineage, at myogenic promoters. These findings uncover unexpected mechanisms by which Cu and MTF1 regulate gene expression during myoblast differentiation.-Tavera-Montañez, C., Hainer, S. J., Cangussu, D., Gordon, S. J. V., Xiao, Y., Reyes-Gutierrez, P., Imbalzano, A. N., Navea, J. G., Fazzio, T. G., Padilla-Benavides, T. The classic metal-sensing transcription factor MTF1 promotes myogenesis in response to copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tavera-Montañez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah J. Hainer
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Daniella Cangussu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shellaina J. V. Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA
| | - Pablo Reyes-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony N. Imbalzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juan G. Navea
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA
| | - Thomas G. Fazzio
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Ramek M, Marković M, Mutapčić I, Pejić J, Kelterer A, Sabolović J. Conformational Analyses of Physiological Binary and Ternary Copper(II) Complexes with l-Asparagine and l-Histidine; Study of Tridentate Binding of Copper(II) in Aqueous Solution. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:852-868. [PMID: 31309033 PMCID: PMC6607419 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the structural properties and energy landscapes of the physiologically important bis(l-asparaginato)copper(II) [Cu(l-Asn)2] and (l-histidinato)(l-asparaginato)copper(II) [Cu(l-His)(l-Asn)]. The conformational analyses in the gas phase and implicitly modeled water medium, and magnetic parameters of electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were attained using density functional theory calculations. The apical CuII coordination and hydrogen bonding were analyzed. Predicted lower-energy structures enabled the confirmation and, for apical bonding, also the refinement of structural proposals from literature. Available experimental results were indecisive regarding the amido-group binding in the CuII equatorial plane in solutions, but the examination of the relative stability of Cu(l-Asn)2 conformers in 30 binding modes confirms the glycine-like mode as the most stable one. Previously reported experimental results for Cu(l-His)(l-Asn) were interpreted for l-His to have a tridentate histamine-like mode. However, the aqueous conformers with l-His in the glycinato mode are also predicted to have low energies, which does not contradict the tridentate l-His binding. The predicted magnetic parameters of conformers with an apical oxygen atom (intramolecular or from a water molecule) can reproduce the experimental data. An extent of conformational flexibility and abundance of l-His-containing ternary copper(II) amino acid complexes under physiological conditions may be related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ramek
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9A-8010GrazAustria
| | - Marijana Marković
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9A-8010GrazAustria
| | - Ilina Mutapčić
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9A-8010GrazAustria
| | - Jelena Pejić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational HealthKsaverska cesta 2HR-10000ZagrebCroatia Homepage: https://www.imi.hr/en/djelatnik/sabolovic-jasmina-2/
| | - Anne‐Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9A-8010GrazAustria
| | - Jasmina Sabolović
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational HealthKsaverska cesta 2HR-10000ZagrebCroatia Homepage: https://www.imi.hr/en/djelatnik/sabolovic-jasmina-2/
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17
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Abstract
Many metals have biological functions and play important roles in human health. Copper (Cu) is an essential metal that supports normal cellular physiology. Significant research efforts have focused on identifying the molecules and pathways involved in dietary Cu uptake in the digestive tract. The lack of an adequate in vitro model for assessing Cu transport processes in the gut has led to contradictory data and gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in dietary Cu acquisition. The recent development of organoid technology has provided a tractable model system for assessing the detailed mechanistic processes involved in Cu utilization and transport in the context of nutrition. Enteroid (intestinal epithelial organoid)-based studies have identified new links between intestinal Cu metabolism and dietary fat processing. Evidence for a metabolic coupling between the dietary uptake of Cu and uptake of fat (which were previously thought to be independent) is a new and exciting finding that highlights the utility of these three-dimensional primary culture systems. This review has three goals: (a) to critically discuss the roles of key Cu transport enzymes in dietary Cu uptake; (b) to assess the use, utility, and limitations of organoid technology in research into nutritional Cu transport and Cu-based diseases; and (c) to highlight emerging connections between nutritional Cu homeostasis and fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pierson
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; ,
| | - Haojun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; ,
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; ,
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18
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Luo JJ, Bumanlag F, Dun N. Comparative study on clinical, laboratory and electrodiagnostic findings of peripheral neuropathy in patients with hypocupremia and hypercupremia, and literature review. J Neurol Sci 2019; 400:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Kim MY, Kim JH, Cho MH, Choi YH, Kim SH, Im YJ, Park K, Kang HG, Chae JH, Cheong HI. Urological Problems in Patients with Menkes Disease. J Korean Med Sci 2019; 34:e4. [PMID: 30618512 PMCID: PMC6318444 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menkes disease (MD) is a rare X-linked hereditary multisystemic disorder that is caused by dysfunction of copper metabolism. Patients with MD typically present with progressive neurodegeneration, some connective tissue abnormalities, and characteristic "kinky" hair. In addition, various types of urological complications are frequent in MD because of underlying connective tissue abnormalities. In this study, we studied the clinical features and outcomes of MD, focusing on urological complications. METHODS A total of 14 unrelated Korean pediatric patients (13 boys and 1 girl) with MD were recruited, and their phenotypes and genotypes were analyzed by retrospective review of their medical records. RESULTS All the patients had early-onset neurological deficit, including developmental delay, seizures, and hypotonia. The girl patient showed normal serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels as well as milder symptoms. Mutational analysis of the ATP7A gene revealed 11 different mutations in 12 patients. Bladder diverticula was the most frequent urological complication: 8 (57.1%) in the 14 patients or 8 (72.7%) in the 11 patients who underwent urological evaluation. Urological imaging studies were performed essentially for the evaluation of accompanying urinary tract infections. Four patients had stage II chronic kidney disease at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION Urologic problems occurred frequently in MD, with bladder diverticula being the most common. Therefore, urological imaging studies and appropriate management of urological complications, which may prevent or reduce the development of urinary tract infections and renal parenchymal damage, are required in all patients with MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hun Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Young Jae Im
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwanjin Park
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Gyung Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Il Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Yang H, Ralle M, Wolfgang MJ, Dhawan N, Burkhead JL, Rodriguez S, Kaplan JH, Wong GW, Haughey N, Lutsenko S. Copper-dependent amino oxidase 3 governs selection of metabolic fuels in adipocytes. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006519. [PMID: 30199530 PMCID: PMC6130853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) has emerged as an important modifier of body lipid metabolism. However, how Cu contributes to the physiology of fat cells remains largely unknown. We found that adipocytes require Cu to establish a balance between main metabolic fuels. Differentiating adipocytes increase their Cu uptake along with the ATP7A-dependent transport of Cu into the secretory pathway to activate a highly up-regulated amino-oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3)/semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO); in vivo, the activity of SSAO depends on the organism's Cu status. Activated SSAO oppositely regulates uptake of glucose and long-chain fatty acids and remodels the cellular proteome to coordinate changes in fuel availability and related downstream processes, such as glycolysis, de novo lipogenesis, and sphingomyelin/ceramide synthesis. The loss of SSAO-dependent regulation due to Cu deficiency, limited Cu transport to the secretory pathway, or SSAO inactivation shifts metabolism towards lipid-dependent pathways and results in adipocyte hypertrophy and fat accumulation. The results establish a role for Cu homeostasis in adipocyte metabolism and identify SSAO as a regulator of energy utilization processes in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Wolfgang
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Neha Dhawan
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jason L. Burkhead
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Susana Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jack H. Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norman Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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21
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Vest KE, Paskavitz AL, Lee JB, Padilla-Benavides T. Dynamic changes in copper homeostasis and post-transcriptional regulation of Atp7a during myogenic differentiation. Metallomics 2018; 10:309-322. [PMID: 29333545 PMCID: PMC5824686 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00324b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential metal required for activity of a number of redox active enzymes that participate in critical cellular pathways such as metabolism and cell signaling. Because it is also a toxic metal, Cu must be tightly controlled by a series of transporters and chaperone proteins that regulate Cu homeostasis. The critical nature of Cu is highlighted by the fact that mutations in Cu homeostasis genes cause pathologic conditions such as Menkes and Wilson diseases. While Cu homeostasis in highly affected tissues like the liver and brain is well understood, no study has probed the role of Cu in development of skeletal muscle, another tissue that often shows pathology in these conditions. Here, we found an increase in whole cell Cu content during differentiation of cultured immortalized or primary myoblasts derived from mouse satellite cells. We demonstrate that Cu is required for both proliferation and differentiation of primary myoblasts. We also show that a key Cu homeostasis gene, Atp7a, undergoes dynamic changes in expression during myogenic differentiation. Alternative polyadenylation and stability of Atp7a mRNA fluctuates with differentiation stage of the myoblasts, indicating post-transcriptional regulation of Atp7a that depends on the differentiation state. This is the first report of a requirement for Cu during myogenic differentiation and provides the basis for understanding the network of Cu transport associated with myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Vest
- Department of Biology , Emory University , 1510 Clifton Road , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA
| | - Amanda L. Paskavitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 394 Plantation St. , Worcester , MA 01605 , USA .
| | - Joseph B. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 394 Plantation St. , Worcester , MA 01605 , USA .
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 394 Plantation St. , Worcester , MA 01605 , USA .
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22
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Gong G, Jiang L, Lin Q, Liu W, He MF, Zhang J, Feng F, Qu W, Xie N. In vivo toxic effects of 4-methoxy-5-hydroxy-canthin-6-one in zebrafish embryos via copper dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 204:79-87. [PMID: 29208543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of copper homeostasis can lead to a host of disorders, which might be toxic sometimes. 4-Methoxy-5-hydroxy-canthin-6-one (CAN) is one of the major constituents from Picrasma quassioides and responsible for its therapeutic effects. In this work, we evaluated the toxic effect of CAN (7.5μM) on zebrafish embryos. CAN treatment decreased survival, delayed hatching time and induced malformations (loss of pigmentation, pericardial edema, as well as hematologic and neurologic abnormalities). Besides, exogenous copper supplementation rescued the pigmentation and cardiovascular defects in CAN-treated embryos. Further spectroscopic studies revealed a copper-chelating activity of CAN. Then its regulation on the expressions of copper homeostasis related genes also be analyzed. In addition, CAN lowered the total activity of SOD, elevated the ROS production and altered the oxidative related genes transcriptions, which led to oxidative stress. In conclusion, we demonstrated that CAN (7.5μM) might exert its toxic effects in zebrafish embryos by causing copper dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress. It will give insight into the risk assessment and prevention of CAN-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyi Gong
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Qinghua Lin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming-Fang He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Ning Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicines and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
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23
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Wacks NP, Schoppel K, Sell PJ, Guggina T. Opening Pandora's Box: A Chest Radiograph in a 5-Month-Old With Bronchiolitis. Hosp Pediatr 2016; 6:642-645. [PMID: 27609945 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2015-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter J Sell
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Protection Program, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts Division of Critical Care Pediatrics
| | - Thomas Guggina
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanshaw Pediatric Hospital Medicine Division,
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24
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Abstract
Disorders of copper homeostasis are currently recognized across the life span. Their recognition and links to human disease have spanned several decades, beginning with the recognition of a degenerative disorder in the offspring of sheep grazing in copper-deficient pastures, through to the description of infants suffering from a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by epileptic seizures, developmental regression, failure to thrive, and an unusual hair quality (giving the condition its distinctive label of “kinky hair disease”). In this review, we trace the historical background and describe the biochemistry and physiology of copper metabolism and transport, inheritance patterns, molecular genetics, and genotype–phenotype correlations based on current understanding of the disorder. It is clear from the clinical presentations and variants that disorders of copper homeostasis include phenotypes ranging from mild occipital horn syndrome to intermediate and severe forms of classical Menkes disease. The symptoms involve multiple organ systems such as brain, lung, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, connective tissue, and skin. A multisystem disorder needs a multidisciplinary approach to care, as treatment interventions permit longer survival for some individuals. Animal models have been developed to help screen treatment options and provide a better understanding of these disorders in the laboratory. Finally, we propose a multidisciplinary approach to promote continued research (both basic and clinical) to improve survival, quality of life, and care for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asuri N Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics; Section of Pediatric Neurology; Division of Clinical Neurological Sciences; Child Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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25
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Unzeta M, Esteban G, Bolea I, Fogel WA, Ramsay RR, Youdim MBH, Tipton KF, Marco-Contelles J. Multi-Target Directed Donepezil-Like Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:205. [PMID: 27252617 PMCID: PMC4879129 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS ASS234 is a MTDL compound containing a moiety from Donepezil and the propargyl group from the PF 9601N, a potent and selective MAO B inhibitor. This compound is the most advanced anti-Alzheimer agent for preclinical studies identified in our laboratory.Derived from ASS234 both multipotent donepezil-indolyl (MTDL-1) and donepezil-pyridyl hybrids (MTDL-2) were designed and evaluated as inhibitors of AChE/BuChE and both MAO isoforms. MTDL-2 showed more high affinity toward the four enzymes than MTDL-1.MTDL-3 and MTDL-4, were designed containing the N-benzylpiperidinium moiety from Donepezil, a metal- chelating 8-hydroxyquinoline group and linked to a N-propargyl core and they were pharmacologically evaluated.The presence of the cyano group in MTDL-3, enhanced binding to AChE, BuChE and MAO A. It showed antioxidant behavior and it was able to strongly complex Cu(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III).MTDL-4 showed higher affinity toward AChE, BuChE.MTDL-3 exhibited good brain penetration capacity (ADMET) and less toxicity than Donepezil. Memory deficits in scopolamine-lesioned animals were restored by MTDL-3.MTDL-3 particularly emerged as a ligand showing remarkable potential benefits for its use in AD therapy. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of adult onset dementia, is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss, decline in language skills, and other cognitive impairments. Although its etiology is not completely known, several factors including deficits of acetylcholine, β-amyloid deposits, τ-protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are considered to play significant roles in the pathophysiology of this disease. For a long time, AD patients have been treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil (Aricept®) but with limited therapeutic success. This might be due to the complex multifactorial nature of AD, a fact that has prompted the design of new Multi-Target-Directed Ligands (MTDL) based on the "one molecule, multiple targets" paradigm. Thus, in this context, different series of novel multifunctional molecules with antioxidant, anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory, and metal-chelating properties able to interact with multiple enzymes of therapeutic interest in AD pathology including acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidases A and B have been designed and assessed biologically. This review describes the multiple targets, the design rationale and an in-house MTDL library, bearing the N-benzylpiperidine motif present in donepezil, linked to different heterocyclic ring systems (indole, pyridine, or 8-hydroxyquinoline) with special emphasis on compound ASS234, an N-propargylindole derivative. The description of the in vitro biological properties of the compounds and discussion of the corresponding structure-activity-relationships allows us to highlight new issues for the identification of more efficient MTDL for use in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Unzeta
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Esteban
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland
| | - Irene Bolea
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Wieslawa A. Fogel
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | - Rona R. Ramsay
- Biomolecular Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St AndrewsSt. Andrews, UK
| | - Moussa B. H. Youdim
- Department of Pharmacology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Eve Topf and National Parkinson Foundation Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases ResearchHaifa, Israel
| | - Keith F. Tipton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research CouncilMadrid, Spain
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26
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Dermience M, Lognay G, Mathieu F, Goyens P. Effects of thirty elements on bone metabolism. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 32:86-106. [PMID: 26302917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The human skeleton, made of 206 bones, plays vital roles including supporting the body, protecting organs, enabling movement, and storing minerals. Bones are made of organic structures, intimately connected with an inorganic matrix produced by bone cells. Many elements are ubiquitous in our environment, and many impact bone metabolism. Most elements have antagonistic actions depending on concentration. Indeed, some elements are essential, others are deleterious, and many can be both. Several pathways mediate effects of element deficiencies or excesses on bone metabolism. This paper aims to identify all elements that impact bone health and explore the mechanisms by which they act. To date, this is the first time that the effects of thirty minerals on bone metabolism have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dermience
- University of Liège - Gembloux Agro Bio Tech, Unit Analyzes, Quality, Risks, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Passage des Déportés, 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Georges Lognay
- University of Liège - Gembloux Agro Bio Tech, Unit Analyzes, Quality, Risks, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Passage des Déportés, 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Françoise Mathieu
- Kashin-Beck Disease Fund asbl-vzw, Rue de l'Aunee, 6, B-6953 Forrieres, Belgium.
| | - Philippe Goyens
- Kashin-Beck Disease Fund asbl-vzw, Rue de l'Aunee, 6, B-6953 Forrieres, Belgium; Department and Laboratory of Pediatric, Free Universities of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
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27
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Helsel ME, Franz KJ. Pharmacological activity of metal binding agents that alter copper bioavailability. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8760-70. [PMID: 25797044 PMCID: PMC4425619 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Iron, copper and zinc are required nutrients for many organisms but also potent toxins if misappropriated. An overload of any of these metals can be cytotoxic and ultimately lead to organ failure, whereas deficiencies can result in anemia, weakened immune system function, and other medical conditions. Cellular metal imbalances have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and infection. It is therefore critical for living organisms to maintain careful control of both the total levels and subcellular distributions of these metals to maintain healthy function. This perspective explores several strategies envisioned to alter the bioavailability of metal ions by using synthetic metal-binding agents targeted for diseases where misappropriated metal ions are suspected of exacerbating cellular damage. Specifically, we discuss chemical properties that influence the pharmacological outcome of a subset of metal-binding agents known as ionophores, and review several examples that have shown multiple pharmacological activities in metal-related diseases, with a specific focus on copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian E Helsel
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, 22708, Durham, NC, USA.
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Lee T, Yagi M, Kusunoki N, Nagasaka M, Koda T, Matsuo K, Yokota T, Miwa A, Shibata A, Morioka I, Kodama H, Takeshima Y, Iijima K. Standard values for the urine HVA/VMA ratio in neonates as a screen for Menkes disease. Brain Dev 2015; 37:114-9. [PMID: 24556394 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menkes disease is a lethal disorder associated with copper metabolism. Although early treatment with copper-histidine injections can improve outcomes, early diagnosis is difficult because the clinical features of Menkes disease are subtle or do not manifest in affected neonates. Previous report stated that the low activity of dopamine β-hydroxylase, a copper-dependent enzyme, leads to increases in the urine homovanillic acid/vanillylmandelic acid (HVA/VMA) ratios in patients with Menkes disease, and indicated that a urine HVA/VMA ratio cut-off value of >4 is useful in screening for Menkes disease. METHODS We examined the standard values of the urine HVA/VMA ratio in unaffected neonates and assessed its use as a screening parameter for Menkes disease among neonates. In total, 112 neonates, aged between 1 and 6 days, were enrolled in the study and were classified into 2 groups based on their urine HVA/VMA ratios: high (>4) and low (⩽ 4). RESULTS Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that mechanical ventilation was an independent risk factor for a high urine HVA/VMA ratio (odds ratio: 21.94; 95% confidence interval: 2.82-247.03; p=0.004). The mean urine HVA/VMA ratio was 2.47 ± 0.67 among 92 neonates who did not receive mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION This study established standard values for the urine HVA/VMA ratio in newborn babies that could be useful in screening for Menkes disease among neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mariko Yagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Nikoniko House Medical and Welfare Center, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Noriko Kusunoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miwako Nagasaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Koda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihiro Miwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akio Shibata
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kodama
- Department of Health and Dietetics, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeshima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Menkes disease presenting with epilepsia partialis continua. Case Rep Neurol Med 2014; 2014:525784. [PMID: 25506448 PMCID: PMC4258917 DOI: 10.1155/2014/525784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. We aim to describe a female patient with Menkes disease who presented with epilepsia partialis continua. Case Presentation. Seventeen-months-old Saudi infant was presented with repetitive seizures and was diagnosed to have epilepsia partialis continua. Discussion. Menkes disease (OMIM: 309400) is considered a rare, X-linked recessive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from a mutation in the gene coding for the copper transporting ATPase (ATP7A). Affected individuals usually present with kinky hair, skeletal changes, prolonged jaundice, hypothermia, developmental regression, decreased tone, spasticity, weakness, and therapy resistant seizures. Conclusion. Raising awareness of abnormal presentation of this rare disease may help in the control of seizures through subcutaneous copper supplementation.
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Gu YH, Kodama H, Ogawa E, Sato Y, Motoyama K, Yagi M, Yoshida S, Ohkubo T. Changes in body weight and height in survivors of Menkes disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 28:470-3. [PMID: 25150085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the changes in the body weight and height of Menkes disease (MNK) patients treated with long-term copper-histidine. METHODS A survey involving a retrospective review of medical records or summaries of MNK patients was conducted. Patients were 44 males born after 1994, and their feeding method and genetic analysis of the ATP7A gene were reviewed. We compared the data of body weight and height from birth until 6 years between classical MNK patients and the general population obtained from national data and between patients who received early treatment and patients who received late treatment. RESULTS Although five patients who received early treatment reached some developmental milestones, the body weight and height did not differ from patients who received late treatment in the mode of oral nutrition, and were lower in comparison to the national data (<3 percentile). CONCLUSION We reported changes in the body weight and height of MNK patients who received early and late treatment. Although early treatment with copper-histidine had favorable effects on neurological development, it did not result in improvements in body weight and height. We suggest that the establishment of sufficient nutritional support is necessary along with early parenteral copper treatment to improve whole body condition in MNK patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Gu
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Kodama
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eishin Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kahoko Motoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Yagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nikoniko House Medical and Welfare Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential redox active metal that is potentially toxic in excess. Multicellular organisms acquire Cu from the diet and must regulate uptake, storage, distribution and export of Cu at both the cellular and organismal levels. Systemic Cu deficiency can be fatal, as seen in Menkes disease patients. Conversely Cu toxicity occurs in patients with Wilson disease. Cu dyshomeostasis has also been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Over the last decade, the fly Drosophila melanogaster has become an important model organism for the elucidation of eukaryotic Cu regulatory mechanisms. Gene discovery approaches with Drosophila have identified novel genes with conserved protein functions relevant to Cu homeostasis in humans. This review focuses on our current understanding of Cu uptake, distribution and export in Drosophila and the implications for mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Southon
- Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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32
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Nomura S, Nozaki S, Hamazaki T, Takeda T, Ninomiya E, Kudo S, Hayashinaka E, Wada Y, Hiroki T, Fujisawa C, Kodama H, Shintaku H, Watanabe Y. PET imaging analysis with 64Cu in disulfiram treatment for aberrant copper biodistribution in Menkes disease mouse model. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:845-51. [PMID: 24627433 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.131797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Menkes disease (MD), an X-linked recessive disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutations in the copper-transporting ATP7A gene, results in growth failure and severe neurodegeneration in early childhood. Subcutaneous copper-histidine injection is the standard treatment for MD, but it has limited clinical efficacy. Furthermore, long-term copper injection causes excess copper accumulation in the kidneys, resulting in renal dysfunction. To attempt to resolve this issue, we used PET imaging with (64)Cu to investigate the effects of disulfiram on copper biodistribution in living mice serving as an animal model for MD (MD model mice). METHODS Macular mice were used as MD model mice, and C3H/He mice were used as wild-type mice. Mice were pretreated with 2 types of chelators (disulfiram, a lipophilic chelator, and d-penicillamine, a hydrophilic chelator) 30 min before (64)CuCl2 injection. After (64)CuCl2 injection, emission scans covering the whole body were performed for 4 h. After the PET scans, the brain and kidneys were analyzed for radioactivity with γ counting and autoradiography. RESULTS After copper injection alone, marked accumulation of radioactivity ((64)Cu) in the liver was demonstrated in wild-type mice, whereas in MD model mice, copper was preferentially accumulated in the kidneys (25.56 ± 3.01 percentage injected dose per gram [%ID/g]) and was detected to a lesser extent in the liver (13.83 ± 0.26 %ID/g) and brain (0.96 ± 0.08 %ID/g). Copper injection with disulfiram reduced excess copper accumulation in the kidneys (14.54 ± 2.68 %ID/g) and increased copper transport into the liver (29.42 ± 0.98 %ID/g) and brain (5.12 ± 0.95 %ID/g) of MD model mice. Copper injection with d-penicillamine enhanced urinary copper excretion and reduced copper accumulation in most organs in both mouse groups. Autoradiography demonstrated that disulfiram pretreatment induced copper transport into the brain parenchyma and reduced copper accumulation in the renal medulla. CONCLUSION PET studies with (64)Cu revealed that disulfiram had significant effects on the copper biodistribution of MD. Disulfiram increased copper transport into the brain and reduced copper uptake in the kidneys of MD model mice. The application of (64)Cu PET for the treatment of MD and other copper-related disorders may be useful in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Nomura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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Hwang JEC, de Bruyne M, Warr CG, Burke R. Copper overload and deficiency both adversely affect the central nervous system of Drosophila. Metallomics 2014; 6:2223-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic neuronal copper efflux causes a functional copper deficiency leading to developmental lethality in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Coral G. Warr
- School of Biological Sciences
- Monash University
- Australia
| | - Richard Burke
- School of Biological Sciences
- Monash University
- Australia
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Ayton S, Lei P, Bush AI. Metallostasis in Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 62:76-89. [PMID: 23142767 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
2012 has been another year in which multiple large-scale clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have failed to meet their clinical endpoints. With the social and financial burden of this disease increasing every year, the onus is now on the field of AD researchers to investigate alternative ideas to deliver outcomes for patients. Although several major clinical trials targeting Aβ have failed, three smaller clinical trials targeting metal interactions with Aβ have all shown benefit for patients. Here we review the genetic, pathological, biochemical, and pharmacological evidence that underlies the metal hypothesis of AD. The AD-affected brain suffers from metallostasis, or fatigue of metal trafficking, resulting in redistribution of metals into inappropriate compartments. The metal hypothesis is built upon a triad of transition elements: iron, copper, and zinc. The hypothesis has matured from early investigations showing amyloidogenic and oxidative stress consequences of these metals; recently, disease-related proteins, APP, tau, and presenilin, have been shown to have major roles in metal regulation, which provides insight into the pathway of neurodegeneration in AD and illuminates potential new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Ayton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peng Lei
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Gaier ED, Eipper BA, Mains RE. Copper signaling in the mammalian nervous system: synaptic effects. J Neurosci Res 2012; 91:2-19. [PMID: 23115049 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal present at high levels in the CNS. Its role as a cofactor in mitochondrial ATP production and in essential cuproenzymes is well defined. Menkes and Wilson's diseases are severe neurodegenerative conditions that demonstrate the importance of Cu transport into the secretory pathway. In the brain, intracellular levels of Cu, which is almost entirely protein bound, exceed extracellular levels by more than 100-fold. Cu stored in the secretory pathway is released in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and can transiently reach concentrations over 100 μM at synapses. The ability of low micromolar levels of Cu to bind to and modulate the function of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels contributes to its effects on synaptic transmission. Cu also binds to amyloid precursor protein and prion protein; both proteins are found at synapses and brain Cu homeostasis is disrupted in mice lacking either protein. Especially intriguing is the ability of Cu to affect AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a monitor of cellular energy status. Despite this, few investigators have examined the direct effects of Cu on synaptic transmission and plasticity. Although the variability of results demonstrates complex influences of Cu that are highly method sensitive, these studies nevertheless strongly support important roles for endogenous Cu and new roles for Cu-binding proteins in synaptic function/plasticity and behavior. Further study of the many roles of Cu in nervous system function will reveal targets for intervention in other diseases in which Cu homeostasis is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Gaier
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3401, USA
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Skjørringe T, Møller LB, Moos T. Impairment of interrelated iron- and copper homeostatic mechanisms in brain contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:169. [PMID: 23055972 PMCID: PMC3456798 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron and copper are important co-factors for a number of enzymes in the brain, including enzymes involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and myelin formation. Both shortage and an excess of iron or copper will affect the brain. The transport of iron and copper into the brain from the circulation is strictly regulated, and concordantly protective barriers, i.e., the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCB) have evolved to separate the brain environment from the circulation. The uptake mechanisms of the two metals interact. Both iron deficiency and overload lead to altered copper homeostasis in the brain. Similarly, changes in dietary copper affect the brain iron homeostasis. Moreover, the uptake routes of iron and copper overlap each other which affect the interplay between the concentrations of the two metals in the brain. The divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) is involved in the uptake of both iron and copper. Furthermore, copper is an essential co-factor in numerous proteins that are vital for iron homeostasis and affects the binding of iron-response proteins to iron-response elements in the mRNA of the transferrin receptor, DMT1, and ferroportin, all highly involved in iron transport. Iron and copper are mainly taken up at the BBB, but the BCB also plays a vital role in the homeostasis of the two metals, in terms of sequestering, uptake, and efflux of iron and copper from the brain. Inside the brain, iron and copper are taken up by neurons and glia cells that express various transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Skjørringe
- Section of Neurobiology, Biomedicine Group, Institute of Medicine and Health Technology, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark ; Center for Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Kennedy Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kodama H, Fujisawa C, Bhadhprasit W. Inherited copper transport disorders: biochemical mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. Curr Drug Metab 2012; 13:237-50. [PMID: 21838703 PMCID: PMC3290776 DOI: 10.2174/138920012799320455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element required by all living organisms. Excess amounts of copper, however, results in cellular damage. Disruptions to normal copper homeostasis are hallmarks of three genetic disorders: Menkes disease, occipital horn syndrome, and Wilson's disease. Menkes disease and occipital horn syndrome are characterized by copper deficiency. Typical features of Menkes disease result from low copper-dependent enzyme activity. Standard treatment involves parenteral administration of copper-histidine. If treatment is initiated before 2 months of age, neurodegeneration can be prevented, while delayed treatment is utterly ineffective. Thus, neonatal mass screening should be implemented. Meanwhile, connective tissue disorders cannot be improved by copper-histidine treatment. Combination therapy with copper-histidine injections and oral administration of disulfiram is being investigated. Occipital horn syndrome characterized by connective tissue abnormalities is the mildest form of Menkes disease. Treatment has not been conducted for this syndrome. Wilson's disease is characterized by copper toxicity that typically affects the hepatic and nervous systems severely. Various other symptoms are observed as well, yet its early diagnosis is sometimes difficult. Chelating agents and zinc are effective treatments, but are inefficient in most patients with fulminant hepatic failure. In addition, some patients with neurological Wilson's disease worsen or show poor response to chelating agents. Since early treatment is critical, a screening system for Wilson's disease should be implemented in infants. Patients with Wilson's disease may be at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding the link between Wilson's disease and hepatocellular carcinoma will be beneficial for disease treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Kodama
- Department of health Dietetics, Teikyo Heisei University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo.
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Lenartowicz M, Krzeptowski W, Koteja P, Chrząścik K, Møller LB. Prenatal treatment of mosaic mice (Atp7a mo-ms) mouse model for Menkes disease, with copper combined by dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDTC). PLoS One 2012; 7:e40400. [PMID: 22815746 PMCID: PMC3399861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Menkes disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder in infants caused by mutations in the gene ATP7A which encodes a copper (Cu) transporter. Defects in ATP7A lead to accumulated copper in the small intestine and kidneys and to copper deficiencies in the brain and the liver. The copper level in the kidney in postnatal copper-treated Menkes patients may reach toxic levels. The mouse model, mosaic Atp7a mo-ms recapitulates the Menkes phenotype and die about 15.75±1.5 days of age. In the present study we found that prenatal treatment of mosaic murine fetuses throughout gestation days 7, 11, 15 and 18 with a combination of CuCl2 (50 mg/kg) and dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDTC) (280 mg/kg) leads to an increase in survival to about 76±25.3 days, whereas treatment with CuCl2 alone (50 mg/kg) only leads to survival for about 21 days ±5 days. These copper-DMDTC treated mutants showed an improved locomotor activity performance and a gain in body mass. In contrast to treatment with CuCl2 alone, a significant increase in the amount of copper was observed in the brain after prenatal copper-DMDTC treatment as well as a decrease in the amount of accumulated copper in the kidney, both leading towards a normalization of the copper level. Although copper-DMDTC prenatal treatment only leads to a small increase in the sub-normal copper concentration in the liver and to an increase of copper in the already overloaded small intestine, the combined results suggest that prenatal copper-DMDTC treatment also should be considered for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Lenartowicz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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Tisato F, Marzano C, Porchia M, Pellei M, Santini C. Copper in diseases and treatments, and copper-based anticancer strategies. Med Res Rev 2010; 30:708-49. [PMID: 19626597 DOI: 10.1002/med.20174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Copper is found in all living organisms and is a crucial trace element in redox chemistry, growth and development. It is important for the function of several enzymes and proteins involved in energy metabolism, respiration, and DNA synthesis, notably cytochrome oxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate oxidase, and tyrosinase. The major functions of copper-biological molecules involve oxidation-reduction reactions in which they react directly with molecular oxygen to produce free radicals. Therefore, copper requires tightly regulated homeostatic mechanisms to ensure adequate supplies without any toxic effects. Overload or deficiency of copper is associated, respectively, with Wilson disease (WD) and Menkes disease (MD), which are of genetic origin. Researches on Menkes and Wilson disorders have provided useful insights in the field of copper homeostasis and in particular into the understanding of intracellular trafficking and distribution of copper at molecular levels. Therapies based on metal supplementation with copper histidine or removal of copper excess by means of specific copper chelators are currently effective in treating MD and WD, respectively. Copper chelation therapy is now attracting much attention for the investigation and treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer, Parkinson and CreutzfeldtJakob. An excess of copper appears to be an essential co-factor for angiogenesis. Moreover, elevated levels of copper have been found in many types of human cancers, including prostate, breast, colon, lung, and brain. On these basis, the employment of copper chelators has been reported to be of therapeutic value in the treatment of several types of cancers as anti-angiogenic molecules. More recently, mixtures of copper chelators with copper salts have been found to act as efficient proteasome inhibitors and apoptosis inducers, specifically in cancer cells. Moreover, following the worldwide success of platinum(II) compounds in cancer chemotherapy, several families of individual copper complexes have been studied as potential antitumor agents. These investigations, revealing the occurrence of mechanisms of action quite different from platinum drugs, head toward the development of new anticancer metallodrugs with improved specificity and decreased toxic side effects.
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Alterations in the expression of the Atp7a gene in the early postnatal development of the mosaic mutant mice (Atp7a mo-ms) - An animal model for Menkes disease. Gene Expr Patterns 2010; 11:41-7. [PMID: 20831904 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a trace element that is essential for the normal growth and development of all living organisms. In mammals, the ATP7A Cu-transporting ATPase is a key protein that is required for the maintenance of copper homeostasis. In both humans and mice, the ATP7A protein is coded by the X-linked ATP7A/Atp7a gene. Disturbances in copper metabolism caused by mutations in the ATP7A/Atp7a gene lead to severe metabolic syndromes Menkes disease in humans and the lethal mottled phenotype in mice. Mosaic is one of numerous mottled mutations and may serve as a model for a severe Menkes disease variant. In Menkes patients, mutations in the ATP7A gene often result in a decreased level of the normal ATP7A protein. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of the Atp7a gene in mosaic mutants in early postnatal development, a critical period for starting copper supplementation therapy in both Menkes patients and mutant mice. Using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, we analysed the expression of the Atp7a gene in the brain, kidney and liver of newborn (P0.5) and suckling (P14) mice. Our results indicate that in mosaic P0.5 mutants, the Atp7a mRNA level is decreased in all analysed organs in comparison with wild-type animals. In two week-old mutants, a significant decrease was observed only in the kidney. In contrast, their hepatic level of Atp7a tended to be higher than in wild-type mice. We speculate that disturbance in the expression of the Atp7a gene and, consequently, change in the copper concentration of the organs, may contribute to the early fatal outcome of mosaic males.
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Lenartowicz M, Windak R, Tylko G, Kowal M, Styrna J. Effects of copper supplementation on the structure and content of elements in kidneys of mosaic mutant mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 136:204-20. [PMID: 19830392 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Menkes disease is an effect of ATP7A gene mutation in humans, coding the Cu-ATP-ase which is essential in intestinal copper absorption and its subsequent transfer to circulation. This mutation results in a deficiency of copper in all tissues except the epithelia of intestine and kidney tubules. Subcutaneous injection of copper ions is the main therapy for Menkes patients. Mosaic (Atp7a(mo-ms)) mice closely simulate the situation in Menkes disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in structure and element content in kidneys of mosaic mice after copper supplementation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to analyze tissue morphology and atomic absorption spectrometry to estimate Cu and Zn content. X-ray microanalysis was performed to measure Na, Mg, P, Cl, and K content in the cells of the proximal and distal tubules. Copper administration lengthened the lifespan of the mutants but led to its high accumulation and results in severe kidney damage. Karyomegalia, necrosis of tubular and Bowman's capsule epithelium, lesions, and atrophy of glomeruli were observed in the treated mutants. Copper treatment afterwards led to sclerosis of glomeruli and tubules enhanced proliferation of epithelial cells and formation of both polycystic and papillary carcinoma patterns in kidney. We suggest that copper excess may impair the activity of Na(+)/K(+) ATP-ase in renal tubules of ms/- males. The content of Mg, P, and Cl in kidneys in mutants was also changed after copper administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Lenartowicz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Park UJ, Rho YN, Yun WS, Kim YW. A giant femoral artery pseudoaneurysm in an infant boy. J Vasc Surg 2010; 52:222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Acquired copper deficiency has been recognised as a rare cause of anaemia and neutropenia for over half a century. Copper deficiency myelopathy (CDM) was only described within the last decade, and represents a treatable cause of non-compressive myelopathy which closely mimics subacute combined degeneration due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Here, 55 case reports from the literature are reviewed regarding their demographics, aetiology, haematological and biochemical parameters, spinal imaging, treatment and outcome. The pathophysiology of disorders of copper metabolism is discussed. CDM most frequently presented in the fifth and sixth decades and was more common in women (F:M = 3.6:1). Risk factors included previous upper gastrointestinal surgery, zinc overload and malabsorption syndromes, all of which impair copper absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. No aetiology was established in 20% of cases. High zinc levels were detected in some cases not considered to have primary zinc overload, and in this situation the contribution of zinc to the copper deficiency state remained unclear. Cytopenias were found in 78%, particularly anaemia, and a myelodysplastic syndrome may have been falsely diagnosed in the past. Spinal MRI was abnormal in 47% and usually showed high T2 signal in the posterior cervical and thoracic cord. In a clinically compatible case, CDM may be suggested by the presence of one or more risk factors and/or cytopenias. Low serum copper and caeruloplasmin levels confirmed the diagnosis and, in contrast to Wilson's disease, urinary copper levels were typically low. Treatment comprised copper supplementation and modification of any risk factors, and led to haematological normalisation and neurological improvement or stabilisation. Since any neurological recovery was partial and case numbers of CDM will continue to rise with the growing use of bariatric gastrointestinal surgery, clinical vigilance will remain the key to minimising neurological sequelae. Recommendations for treatment and prevention are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan R. Jaiser
- />Department of Neurology, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 6BE UK
| | - Gavin P. Winston
- />National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
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Crisponi G, Nurchi VM, Fanni D, Gerosa C, Nemolato S, Faa G. Copper-related diseases: From chemistry to molecular pathology. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bahadorani S, Bahadorani P, Marcon E, Walker DW, Hilliker AJ. A Drosophila model of Menkes disease reveals a role for DmATP7 in copper absorption and neurodevelopment. Dis Model Mech 2010; 3:84-91. [PMID: 20038716 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.002642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Menkes disease is a lethal neurodegenerative disorder of copper metabolism that is caused by mutations in the ATP7A copper-transporting gene. In the present study, we attempted to construct a Drosophila model of Menkes disease by RNA interference (RNAi)-induced silencing of DmATP7, the Drosophila orthologue of mammalian ATP7A, in the digestive tract. Here, we show that a lowered level of DmATP7 mRNA in the digestive tract results in a reduced copper content in the head and the rest of the body of surviving adults, presumably owing to copper entrapment in the gut. Similar to Menkes patients, a majority of flies exhibit an impaired neurological development during metamorphosis and die before eclosion. In addition, we show that survival to the adult stage is highly dependent on the copper content of the food and that overexpression of the copper homeostasis gene, metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1), enhances survival to the adulthood stage. Taken together, these results highlight the role of DmATP7-mediated copper uptake in the neurodevelopment of Drosophila melanogaster and provide a framework for the analysis of potential gene interactions influencing Menkes disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Bahadorani
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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Gybina AA, Tkac I, Prohaska JR. Copper deficiency alters the neurochemical profile of developing rat brain. Nutr Neurosci 2009; 12:114-22. [PMID: 19356314 DOI: 10.1179/147683009x423265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper deficiency is associated with impaired brain development and mitochondrial dysfunction. Perinatal copper deficiency was produced in Holtzman rats. In vivo proton NMR spectroscopy was used to quantify 18 cerebellar and hippocampal metabolites on postnatal day 21 (P21). Copper status was evaluated in male copper-adequate (CuA) and copper-deficient (CuD) brothers at P19 and at P23, 2 days following NMR experiments, by metal and in vitro metabolite data. Compared to CuA pups, CuD pups had lower ascorbate concentration in both brain regions, confirming prior HPLC data. Both regions of CuD rats also had lower N-acetylaspartate levels consistent with delayed development or impaired mitochondrial function similar to prior work demonstrating elevated lactate and citrate. For other metabolites, the P21 neurochemical profile of CuD rats was remarkably similar to CuA rats but uniquely different from iron-deficient or chronic hypoxia models. Further research is needed to determine the neurochemical consequences of copper deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Gybina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
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Gybina AA, Prohaska JR. Augmented cerebellar lactate in copper deficient rat pups originates from both blood and cerebellum. Metab Brain Dis 2009; 24:299-310. [PMID: 19319671 PMCID: PMC2854828 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-009-9135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is essential for proper brain development, particularly the cerebellum, and functions as a cofactor for enzymes including mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). Cu deficiency severely limits CCO activity. Augmented lactate in brain of Cu deficient (Cu-) humans and cerebella of Cu- rats is though to originate from impaired mitochondria. However, brain lactate may also originate from elevated blood lactate. The hypothesis that cerebellar lactate originates from elevated blood lactate in Cu- rat pups was tested. Analysis of Cu- and Cu adequate (Cu+) rat pups (experiment I) revealed blood lactate was elevated in Cu- rat pups and cerebellar lactate levels were closely correlated to blood lactate concentration. A second rat experiment (experiment II) assessed Cu- cerebellar lactate without the confounding factor of elevated blood lactate. Blood lactate levels of Cu- rat pups in experiment II were equal to those of controls; however, Cu- cerebellar lactate was still elevated, suggesting mitochondrial impairment by Cu deficiency. Treatment of rat pups with dichloroacetate (DCA), an activator of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), lowered Cu- cerebellar lactate to control levels suggesting PDC inhibition is a site of mitochondrial impairment in Cu- cerebella. Results suggest Cu- cerebellar lactate originates from blood and cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Gybina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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A rare cause of syndromic hypotrichosis: Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 59:S92-8. [PMID: 19119135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome (NBS) is a recognizable pattern of human malformations so far reported only in 5 patients. This condition is chiefly characterized by congenital hypotrichosis, peculiar facial gestalt, short metacarpals, interphalangeal swelling, and growth and mental retardation. Although skin manifestations represent a prominent NBS feature, no particular attention has been paid to this condition in the dermatologic literature. Here, we report on the sixth patient with NBS, who requested dermatologic evaluation because of congenital sparse scalp hair. An integrated approach that involved the dermatologist, clinical geneticist, and radiologist was crucial for diagnostic definition. Literature review was carried out to better define the NBS clinical spectrum and to perform an in-depth differential diagnosis with other malformation syndromes presenting with congenital hypotrichosis.
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Kodama H, Fujisawa C. Copper metabolism and inherited copper transport disorders: molecular mechanisms, screening, and treatment. Metallomics 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b816011m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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