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Historical biogeography and diversification of ringless Amanita (section Vaginatae) support an African origin and suggest niche conservatism in the Americas. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 178:107644. [PMID: 36243328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) sustain nutrient recycling in most terrestrial ecosystems, yet we know little about what major biogeographical events gave rise to present-day diversity and distribution patterns. Given the strict relationship between some ECM lineages and their hosts, geographically well-sampled phylogenies are central to understanding major evolutionary processes of fungal biodiversity patterns. Here, we focus on Amanita sect. Vaginatae to address global diversity and distribution patterns. Ancestral-state-reconstruction based on a 4-gene timetree with over 200 species supports an African origin between the late Paleocene and the early Eocene (ca. 56 Ma). Major biogeographic "out-of-Africa" events include multiple dispersal events to Southeast Asia (ca. 45-21 Ma), Madagascar (ca. 18 Ma), and the current Amazonian basin (ca. 45-36 Ma), the last two likely trans-oceanic. Later events originating in Southeast Asia involve Nearctic dispersal to North America (ca. 20-5 Ma), Oceania (Australia and New Zealand; ca. 15 Ma), and Europe (ca. 10-5 Ma). Subsequent dispersals were also inferred from Southeast Asia to East Asia (ca. 4 Ma); from North America to East Asia (ca. 11-8 Ma), Southeast Asia (ca. 19-2 Ma), Northern Andes (ca. 15 Ma), and Europe (ca. 15-2 Ma), respectively; and from the Amazon to the Caribbean region (ca. 25-20 Ma). Finally, we detected a significant increase in the net diversification rates in the branch leading to most northern temperate species in addition to higher state-dependent diversification rates in temperate lineages, consistent with previous findings. These results suggest that species of sect. Vaginatae likely have higher dispersal ability and higher adaptability to new environments, in particular compared to those of its sister clade, sect. Caesareae. Overall, the much wider distribution of A. sect. Vaginatae, from pan-tropical to pan-arctic, provides a unique window to understanding niche conservatism across a species-rich clade of ECM fungi.
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Hénault A, Heim A, Brisson J, Dagenais D, De Bellis T, Chagnon PL. Stressful, isolated, yet diverse: Green roofs have rich microbiomes that are not dominated by oligotrophic taxa. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:766-774. [PMID: 36055635 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Green roofs are unique ecosystems combining two major community assembly filters, namely stress and spatial isolation. As such, they represent an interesting model ecosystem in community ecology. In this study, we characterized the microbiome structure on 19 green roofs and 5 urban parks as a benchmark comparison (i.e. non-isolated, non-stressful habitats). Green roofs were not species depauperate, showing similar α-diversity compared to surrounding parks. We also did not find an overrepresentation of bacterial phyla typically recognized as oligotrophs, which calls into question the notion of green roofs as highly stressful habitats for bacteria, and/or the conservatism of nutritional ecophysiology at the phylum level. The geographical position of a roof, or its degree of spatial isolation (assessed through its height and area) were not important predictors of microbiome diversity and structure, suggesting that dispersal limitations impose little constraints on green roof microbiome assembly. Finally, key microbial groups (e.g. archaeal nitrifiers, Actinobacteria) were much less frequent and/or abundant on green roofs, which may have important implications for nutrient cycling and urban biogeochemistry. More work will be required to phenotype the microorganisms overrepresented on green roofs and specifically measure key soil processes in these unique urban ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Hénault
- Université de Montréal, Faculté des Arts et Sciences, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amy Heim
- Université de Montréal, Faculté des Arts et Sciences, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Brisson
- Université de Montréal, Faculté des Arts et Sciences, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Danielle Dagenais
- Université de Montréal, Faculté d'Aménagement, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Pierre-Luc Chagnon
- Université de Montréal, Faculté des Arts et Sciences, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Moinet GYK, Dhami MK, Hunt JE, Podolyan A, Liáng LL, Schipper LA, Whitehead D, Nuñez J, Nascente A, Millard P. Soil microbial sensitivity to temperature remains unchanged despite community compositional shifts along geothermal gradients. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:6217-6231. [PMID: 34585498 PMCID: PMC9293425 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming may be exacerbated if rising temperatures stimulate losses of soil carbon to the atmosphere. The direction and magnitude of this carbon-climate feedback are uncertain, largely due to lack of knowledge of the thermal adaptation of the physiology and composition of soil microbial communities. Here, we applied the macromolecular rate theory (MMRT) to describe the temperature response of the microbial decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) in a natural long-term warming experiment in a geothermally active area in New Zealand. Our objective was to test whether microbial communities adapt to long-term warming with a shift in their composition and their temperature response that are consistent with evolutionary theory of trade-offs between enzyme structure and function. We characterized the microbial community composition (using metabarcoding) and the temperature response of microbial decomposition of SOM (using MMRT) of soils sampled along transects of increasing distance from a geothermally active zone comprising two biomes (a shrubland and a grassland) and sampled at two depths (0-50 and 50-100 mm), such that ambient soil temperature and soil carbon concentration varied widely and independently. We found that the different environments were hosting microbial communities with distinct compositions, with thermophile and thermotolerant genera increasing in relative abundance with increasing ambient temperature. However, the ambient temperature had no detectable influence on the MMRT parameters or the relative temperature sensitivity of decomposition (Q10 ). MMRT parameters were, however, strongly correlated with soil carbon concentration and carbon:nitrogen ratio. Our findings suggest that, while long-term warming selects for warm-adapted taxa, substrate quality and quantity exert a stronger influence than temperature in selecting for distinct thermal traits. The results have major implications for our understanding of the role of soil microbial processes in the long-term effects of climate warming on soil carbon dynamics and will help increase confidence in carbon-climate feedback projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Y. K. Moinet
- Soil Biology GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare ResearchLincolnNew Zealand
| | | | - John E. Hunt
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare ResearchLincolnNew Zealand
| | | | - Liyĭn L. Liáng
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare ResearchPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Millard
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare ResearchLincolnNew Zealand
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Lebel T, Douch J, Tegart L, Vaughan L, Cooper J, Nuytinck J. Untangling the Lactifluus clarkeae - Lf. flocktoniae( Russulaceae) species complex in Australasia. PERSOONIA 2021; 47:1-44. [PMID: 37693797 PMCID: PMC10486632 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Lactifluus clarkeae complex is a commonly observed, generally brightly coloured, group of mushrooms that are usually associated with Nothofagus or Myrtaceous hosts in Australia and New Zealand. For this study collections labelled as 'Lactarius clarkeae', 'Russula flocktoniae' and 'Lactarius subclarkeae' were examined morphologically and molecularly. Analyses of molecular data showed a high cryptic diversity, with sequences scattered across 11 clades in three subgenera within Lactifluus, and a single collection in Russula. We select epitypes to anchor the currently accepted concepts of Lf. clarkeae s.str. and Lf. flocktoniae s.str. The name Lf. subclarkeae could not be applied to any of the collections examined, as none had a lamprotrichoderm pileipellis. Lactifluus clarkeae var. aurantioruber is raised to species level, and six new species are described, three in subg. Lactifluus: Lf. jetiae, Lf. pagodicystidiatus, and Lf. rugulostipitatus, and three in subg. Gymnocarpi: Lf. albens, Lf. psammophilus, and Lf. pseudoflocktoniae. A new collection of Lf. russulisporus provides a significant range extension for the species. Untangling this complex will enable better identification of species and increase understanding of diversity and specific habitat associations of macrofungi. Citation: Lebel T, Douch J, Tegart L, et al. 2021. Untangling the Lactifluus clarkeae - Lf. flocktoniae (Russulaceae) species complex in Australasia. Persoonia 47: 1-44. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.01.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Lebel
- Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Hackney Rd, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria, 3141 Australia
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, P.O. Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
| | - J. Douch
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria, 3141 Australia
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health
| | - L. Tegart
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria, 3141 Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - L. Vaughan
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria, 3141 Australia
- University of Melbourne, School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - J.A. Cooper
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, P.O. Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
| | - J. Nuytinck
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Wang M, Kriticos DJ, Ota N, Brooks A, Paini D. A general trait-based modelling framework for revealing patterns of airborne fungal dispersal threats to agriculture and native flora. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1506-1518. [PMID: 34338336 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fungal plant pathogens are of economic and ecological importance to global agriculture and natural ecosystems. Long-distance atmospheric dispersal of fungal spores (LAD) can pose threats to agricultural and native vegetation lands. An understanding of such patterns of fungal spore dispersal and invasion pathways can provide valuable insights into plant protection. Spore traits affect their dispersal abilities. We propose a general trait-based framework for modelling LAD to reveal dispersal patterns and pathways, and assess subsequent threats of arrival (TOA) quantitatively in the context of biosecurity. To illustrate the framework, we present a study of Australia and its surrounding land masses. The overall dispersal pattern covered almost the entire continent of Australia. Fungal spores in the size class of 10 and 20 µm (aerodynamic diameter) posed the greatest TOA. Our study shows the effects of morphological traits on these potential TOA, and how they varied between source regions, size classes, and seasons. Our framework revealed spore dispersal patterns and pathways. It also facilitates comparisons of spatio-temporal dispersal dynamics among fungal classes, gaining insights into atmospheric long-distance dispersal of fungi as a whole, and provides a basis for assessing fungal pest threats in potential source regions based on easily measured spore characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Darren J Kriticos
- Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Noboru Ota
- Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Aaron Brooks
- Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Dean Paini
- Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Seleiman MF, Ali S, Refay Y, Rizwan M, Alhammad BA, El-Hendawy SE. Chromium resistant microbes and melatonin reduced Cr uptake and toxicity, improved physio-biochemical traits and yield of wheat in contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126239. [PMID: 32088619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin and metal resistant microbes can enhance plant defense responses against various abiotic stresses, but little is known about the combined effects of melatonin and chromium (Cr) resistant microbes on reducing Cr toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In current study, we examined the effects of combined application of melatonin (0, 1, 2 mM) and Bacillus subtilis (with and without inoculation) on wheat physio-biochemical responses and Cr uptake under different levels of Cr (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg Cr kg-1 DM soil). Chromium stress decreased the wheat growth, biomass, chlorophyll and relative water contents by causing oxidative damage in the form of overproduction of electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde. However, foliar application of melatonin enhanced the plant growth, biomass and photosynthesis by alleviating the oxidative damage and Cr accumulation by plants. Melatonin significantly increased the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities as compared with respective control. Inoculation with microbes further enhanced the positive impacts of melatonin on wheat growth and reduced the Cr uptake by plants. Compared with non-inoculation and melatonin treatment, the inoculation with B. subtilis increased cholorophyll a by 27%, cholorophyll b by 49%, ascorbic acid in leaves by 50% and soluble proteins by 72% in wheat grwon with 50 mg Cr kg-1 DM soil. The application of B. subtilis reduced oxidative stress and Cr toxicity by transforming the Cr6+ to Cr3+ in shoots and roots of wheat. Furthermore, B. subtilis reduced the Cr6+ uptake by wheat plants. The result of the present study revealed that the combined application of melatonin and B. subtilis might be a feasible approach aiming to reduce the Cr toxicity and its accumulation by wheat and probably in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F Seleiman
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, 32514, Shibin El-kom, Egypt.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University (CMU), Taiwan
| | - Yahya Refay
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ahmed Alhammad
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah E El-Hendawy
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
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Tariq M, Waseem M, Rasool MH, Zahoor MA, Hussain I. Isolation and molecular characterization of the indigenous Staphylococcus aureus strain K1 with the ability to reduce hexavalent chromium for its application in bioremediation of metal-contaminated sites. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7726. [PMID: 31616584 PMCID: PMC6791339 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urbanization and industrialization are the main anthropogenic activities that are adding toxic heavy metals to the environment. Among these, chromium (in hexavalent: Cr+6 and/or trivalent Cr+3) is being released abundantly in wastewater due to its uses in different industrial processes. It becomes highly mutagenic and carcinogenic once it enters the cell through sulfate uptake pathways after interacting with cellular proteins and nucleic acids. However, Cr+6 can be bio-converted into more stable, less toxic and insoluble trivalent chromium using microbes. Hence in this study, we have made efforts to utilize chromium tolerant bacteria for bio-reduction of Cr+6 to Cr+3. METHODS Bacterial isolate, K1, from metal contaminated industrial effluent from Kala Shah Kaku-Lahore Pakistan, which tolerated up to 22 mM of Cr6+ was evaluated for chromate reduction. It was further characterized biochemically and molecularly by VITEK®2 system and 16S rRNA gene sequencing respectively. Other factors affecting the reduction of chromium such as initial chromate ion concentration, pH, temperature, contact-time were also investigated. The role of cellular surface in sorption of Cr6+ ion was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. RESULTS Both biochemical and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that strain K1 was Staphylococcusaureus that could reduce 99% of Cr6+ in 24 hours at 35 °C (pH = 8.0; initial Cr6+ concentration = 100 mg/L). FTIR results assumed that carboxyl, amino and phosphate groups of cell wall were involved in complexation with chromium. Our results suggested that Staphylococcusaureus K1 could be a promising gram-positive bacterium that might be utilized to remove chromium from metal polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Asif Zahoor
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Miyamoto Y, Narimatsu M, Nara K. Effects of climate, distance, and a geographic barrier on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in Japan: A comparison across Blakiston's Line. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Dispersal is a fundamental biological process, operating at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Despite an increasing understanding of fungal biodiversity, most research on fungal dispersal focuses on only a small fraction of species. Thus, any discussion of the dispersal dynamics of fungi as a whole is problematic. While abundant morphological and biogeographic data are available for hundreds of species, researchers have yet to integrate this information into a unifying paradigm of fungal dispersal, especially in the context of long-distance dispersal (LDD). Fungal LDD is mediated by multiple vectors, including meteorological phenomena (e.g., wind and precipitation), plants (e.g., seeds and senesced leaves), animals (e.g., fur, feathers, and gut microbiomes), and in many cases humans. In addition, fungal LDD is shaped by both physical constraints on travel and the ability of spores to survive harsh environments. Finally, fungal LDD is commonly measured in different ways, including by direct capture of spores, genetic comparisons of disconnected populations, and statistical modeling and simulations of dispersal data. To unify perspectives on fungal LDD, we propose a synthetic three-part definition that includes (i) an identification of the source population and a measure of the concentration of source inoculum and (ii) a measured and/or modeled dispersal kernel. With this information, LDD is defined as (iii) the distance found within the dispersal kernel beyond which only 1% of spores travel.
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Pither J, Pickles BJ. The paleosymbiosis hypothesis: host plants can be colonised by root symbionts that have been inactive for centuries to millenia. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3806672. [PMID: 28486678 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Paleoecologists have speculated that post-glacial migration of tree species could have been facilitated by mycorrhizal symbionts surviving glaciation as resistant propagules belowground. The general premise of this idea, which we call the 'paleosymbiosis hypothesis', is that host plants can access and be colonised by fungal root symbionts that have been inactive for millennia. Here, we explore the plausibility of this hypothesis by synthesising relevant findings from a diverse literature. For example, the paleoecology literature provided evidence of modern roots penetrating paleosols containing ancient (>6000 years) fungal propagules, though these were of unknown condition. With respect to propagule longevity, the available evidence is of mixed quality, but includes convincing examples consistent with the paleosymbiosis hypothesis (i.e. >1000 years viable propagules). We describe symbiont traits and environmental conditions that should favour the development and preservation of an ancient propagule bank, and discuss the implications for our understanding of soil symbiont diversity and ecosystem functioning. We conclude that the paleosymbiosis hypothesis is plausible in locations where propagule deposition and preservation conditions are favourable (e.g. permafrost regions). We encourage future belowground research to consider and explore the potential temporal origins of root symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Pither
- Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, ASC 367, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Brian J Pickles
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 8AS, UK
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11
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He MQ, Chen J, Zhou JL, Ratchadawan C, Hyde KD, Zhao RL. Tropic origins, a dispersal model for saprotrophic mushrooms in Agaricus section Minores with descriptions of sixteen new species. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5122. [PMID: 28698573 PMCID: PMC5505996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agaricus section Minores contains the richest species diversity within the genus. Its Phylogeny is firstly presented by a Maximum Likelihood tree generated through DNA sequences from four gene regions of 91 species. Furthermore, a molecular dating analysis is conducted used those sequences, and it provided the divergence times of the clades within section Minores. Study showed section Minores has a tropical origin. Four main dispersal routes are proposed: (1) species from South Asia migrated through the Tibetan Plateau and reached Europe ca. 9-13 Ma; (2) species from out of South Asia dispersed to Europe in the earlier time of ca. 22 Ma; (3) species from South Asia dispersed through North Asia to Alaska, and reached West America around ca. 9 Ma; and (4) species from South Asia dispersed south and reached Oceania by at least three invading events about ca. 9, 12 and 16-18 Ma respectively. Those routes excepting the second route coincide with those of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. To know whether the second route existed in the saprotrophic mushrooms requires further studies, and the fourth route may explain why the secotioid species occurring in Australia are morphologically similar but cluster in different phylogenetic clades. This study also demonstrates a great biodiversity of A. section Minores in China. Sixteen new species and three new records are introduced from China with morphological descriptions, illustrations, color photographs and phylogenetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Qiang He
- State key laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Jun-Liang Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology and Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Rui-Lin Zhao
- State key laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100408, China.
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12
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Truong C, Sánchez-Ramírez S, Kuhar F, Kaplan Z, Smith ME. The Gondwanan connection - Southern temperate Amanita lineages and the description of the first sequestrate species from the Americas. Fungal Biol 2017; 121:638-651. [PMID: 28705393 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Amanita is a diverse and cosmopolitan genus of ectomycorrhizal fungi. We describe Amanita nouhrae sp. nov., a new hypogeous ('truffle-like') species associated with Nothofagus antarctica in northern Patagonia. This constitutes the first report of a sequestrate Amanita from the Americas. Thick-walled basidiospores ornamented on the interior spore wall ('crassospores') were observed consistently in A. nouhrae and its sister epigeous taxon Amanita morenoi, a rarely collected but apparently common species from northern Patagonia that has sometimes been misidentified as the Australian taxon Amanita umbrinella. Nuclear 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial 16S and 26S DNA placed these two species in a southern temperate clade within subgenus Amanita, together with other South American and Australian species. Based on a dated genus-level phylogeny, we estimate that the southern temperate clade may have originated near the Eocene/Oligocene boundary (ca. 35 Ma ± 10 Ma). This date suggests a broadly distributed ancestor in the Southern Hemisphere, which probably diversified as a result of continental drift, as well as the initiation of the Antarctic glaciation. By comparison, we show that this clade follows an exceptional biogeographic pattern within a genus otherwise seemingly dominated by Northern Hemisphere dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Truong
- University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, 2523 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA.
| | - Santiago Sánchez-Ramírez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, ON, M5S 2C6, Canada
| | - Francisco Kuhar
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico (CONICET), Ruta 259, Km 4, Esquel 9200, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Zachary Kaplan
- University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, 2523 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA
| | - Matthew E Smith
- University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, 2523 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA
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Waseem M, Ducousso M, Prin Y, Domergue O, Hannibal L, Majorel C, Jourand P, Galiana A. Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity associated with endemic Tristaniopsis spp. (Myrtaceae) in ultramafic and volcano-sedimentary soils in New Caledonia. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:407-413. [PMID: 28091750 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
New Caledonian serpentine (ultramafic) soils contain high levels of toxic heavy metals, in particular nickel, (up to 20 g kg-1) and are deficient in essential elements like carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus while having a high magnesium/calcium ratio. Although previous studies showed that ectomycorrhizal symbioses could play an important role in the adaptation of the endemic plants to ultramafic soils (FEMS Microbiol Ecol 72:238-49, 2010), none of them have compared the diversity of microbial communities from ultramafic vs non-ultramafic soils in New Caledonia. We explored the impact of edaphic characteristics on the diversity of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi associated with different endemic species of Tristaniopsis (Myrtaceae) growing under contrasting soil conditions in the natural ecosystems of New Caledonia. ECM root tips were thus sampled from two different ultramafic sites (Koniambo massif and Desmazures forest) vs two volcano-sedimentary ones (Arama and Mont Ninndo). The molecular characterization of the ECM fungi through partial sequencing of the ITS rRNA gene revealed the presence of different dominant fungal genera including, both soil types combined, Cortinarius (36.1%), Pisolithus (18.5%), Russula (13.4%), Heliotales (8.2%) and Boletellus (7.2%). A high diversity of ECM taxa associated with Tristaniopsis species was found in both ultramafic and volcano-sedimentary soils but no significant differences in ECM genera distribution were observed between both soil types. No link could be established between the phylogenetic clustering of ECM taxa and their soil type origin, thus suggesting a possible functional-rather than taxonomical-adaptation of ECM fungal communities to ultramafic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem
- CIRAD, UMR113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/SupAgro/UM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA A-82/J, F-34398 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Marc Ducousso
- CIRAD, UMR113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/SupAgro/UM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA A-82/J, F-34398 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Prin
- CIRAD, UMR113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/SupAgro/UM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA A-82/J, F-34398 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Odile Domergue
- INRA, UMR113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/SupAgro/UM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA A-82/J, F-34398 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Laure Hannibal
- IRD, UMR113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/SupAgro/UM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, F-98848, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Clarisse Majorel
- IRD, UMR113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/SupAgro/UM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, F-98848, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Philippe Jourand
- IRD, UMR113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/SupAgro/UM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, F-98848, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Antoine Galiana
- CIRAD, UMR113 CIRAD/INRA/IRD/SupAgro/UM, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA A-82/J, F-34398 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France.
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Reddy MS, Singla S, Natarajan K, Senthilarasu G. Pisolithus indicus,a new species of ectomycorrhizal fungus associated with Dipetrocarps in India. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaveta Singla
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147 001, India
| | | | - G. Senthilarasu
- Centre of Advanced study in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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Overview of Phylogenetic Approaches to Mycorrhizal Biogeography, Diversity and Evolution. BIOGEOGRAPHY OF MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56363-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Population Biology and Ecology of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi. BIOGEOGRAPHY OF MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56363-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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17
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Plett JM, Kohler A, Khachane A, Keniry K, Plett KL, Martin F, Anderson IC. The effect of elevated carbon dioxide on the interaction between Eucalyptus grandis and diverse isolates of Pisolithus sp. is associated with a complex shift in the root transcriptome. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:1423-36. [PMID: 25377589 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Using the newly available genome for Eucalyptus grandis, we sought to determine the genome-wide traits that enable this host to form mutualistic interactions with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) Pisolithus sp. and to determine how future predicted concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) will affect this relationship. We analyzed the physiological and transcriptomic responses of E. grandis during colonization by different Pisolithus sp. isolates under conditions of ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (650 ppm) CO2 to tease out the gene expression profiles associated with colonization status. We demonstrate that E. grandis varies in its susceptibility to colonization by different Pisolithus isolates in a manner that is not predictable by geographic origin or the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based phylogeny of the fungal partner. Elevated concentrations of CO2 alter the receptivity of E. grandis to Pisolithus, a change that is correlated to a dramatic shift in the transcriptomic profile of the root. These data provide a starting point for understanding how future environmental change may alter the signaling between plants and their ECM partners and is a step towards determining the mechanism behind previously observed shifts in Eucalypt-associated fungal communities exposed to elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Annegret Kohler
- INRA, UMR 1136 INRA-University of Lorraine, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Amit Khachane
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Kerry Keniry
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Krista L Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Francis Martin
- INRA, UMR 1136 INRA-University of Lorraine, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
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Long-distance dispersal and recolonization of a fire-destroyed niche by a mite-associated fungus. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:245-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Rivera Y, Kretzer AM, Horton TR. New microsatellite markers for the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius sensu stricto reveal the genetic structure of US and Puerto Rican populations. FUNGAL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Genetic diversity and population structure of Armillaria luteo-virens (Physalacriaceae) in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau revealed by SSR markers. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Moyersoen B, Weiß M. New neotropical sebacinales species from a Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea forest in the Guayana Region, Southern Venezuela: structural diversity and phylogeography. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103076. [PMID: 25072467 PMCID: PMC4114518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea, a member of the Dipterocarpaceae endemic in the Guayana region, is associated with a diverse community of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Amongst the 41 ECM fungal species detected in a 400 m2 P. dipterocarpacea ssp. nitida plot in Southern Venezuela, three species belonged to the Sebacinales. We tested whether ECM anatomotype characterization can be used as a feasible element in an integrative taxonomy in this diverse fungal group, where the relevance of fruitbody morphology for species delimitation seems limited. Using a combination of ECM morpho-anatomical characterizations and phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ITS and LSU sequences, we report three new species. The main distinguishing features of Sebacina guayanensis are the yellowish cell walls together with conspicuous undifferentiated, uniform compact (type B) rhizomorphs. Staghorn-like hyphae are characteristic of S. tomentosa. The combination of clusters of thick-walled emanating hyphae, including hyphae similar to awl-shaped cystidia with basal dichotomous or trichotomous ramifications, and the presence of type B rhizomorphs were characteristic of a third, yet unnamed species. The three species belong to three different, possibly specifically tropical clades in Sebacinales Group A. The geographic distribution of phylogenetically related strains was wide, including a Dicymbe forest in Guyana and an Ecuadorian rainforest with Coccoloba species. We show that ECM morpho-anatomy can be used, in combination with other analyses, to delineate species within Sebacinales Group A. In addition to phylogenetic information, type B rhizomorphs observed in different Sebacinales clades have important ecological implications for this fungal group. The phylogeography of Sebacinales suggests that dispersion and host jump are important radiation mechanisms that shaped P. dipterocarpacea ECM fungal community. This study emphasizes the need for more sequence data to evaluate the hypothesis that phylogeographic relationships between neo- and paleotropical ECM fungal species could be attributed to the vicariance of cross-continental hosts such as the Dipterocarpacae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Moyersoen
- School of Biological Sciences, Cruickshank Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Weiß
- Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Põlme S, Bahram M, Yamanaka T, Nara K, Dai YC, Grebenc T, Kraigher H, Toivonen M, Wang PH, Matsuda Y, Naadel T, Kennedy PG, Kõljalg U, Tedersoo L. Biogeography of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with alders (Alnus spp.) in relation to biotic and abiotic variables at the global scale. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 198:1239-1249. [PMID: 23421531 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
· Much of the macroecological information about microorganisms is confounded by the lack of standardized methodology, paucity of metadata and sampling effect of a particular substrate or interacting host taxa. · This study aims to disentangle the relative effects of biological, geographical and edaphic variables on the distribution of Alnus-associated ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi at the global scale by using comparable sampling and analysis methods. · Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis revealed 146 taxa of ECM fungi from 22 Alnus species across 96 sites worldwide. Use of spatial and phylogenetic eigenvectors along with environmental variables in model selection indicated that phylogenetic relations among host plants and geographical links explained 43 and 10%, respectively,in ECM fungal community composition, whereas soil calcium concentration positively influenced taxonomic richness. · Intrageneric phylogenetic relations among host plants and regional processes largely account for the global biogeographic distribution of Alnus-associated ECM fungi. The biogeography of ECM fungi is consistent with ancient host migration patterns from Eurasia to North America and from southern Europe to northern Europe after the last glacial maximum, indicating codispersal of hosts and their mycobionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Põlme
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
- Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise Street, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Takashi Yamanaka
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Nara
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8653, Japan
| | - Yu Cheng Dai
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tine Grebenc
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hojka Kraigher
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mika Toivonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pi-Han Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Tunghai University, 181 Taichung Kan Rd., Section 3, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Yosuke Matsuda
- Laboratory of Forest Pathology and Mycology, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Kurimamachiya 1577, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Triin Naadel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Road, Portland, OR, 97219, USA
| | - Urmas Kõljalg
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
- Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise Street, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
- Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise Street, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
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23
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Wilson AW, Binder M, Hibbett DS. Diversity and evolution of ectomycorrhizal host associations in the Sclerodermatineae (Boletales, Basidiomycota). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 194:1079-1095. [PMID: 22471405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study uses phylogenetic analysis of the Sclerodermatineae to reconstruct the evolution of ectomycorrhizal host associations in the group using divergence dating, ancestral range and ancestral state reconstructions. Supermatrix and supertree analysis were used to create the most inclusive phylogeny for the Sclerodermatineae. Divergence dates were estimated in BEAST. Lagrange was used to reconstruct ancestral ranges. BayesTraits was used to reconstruct ectomycorrhizal host associations using extant host associations with data derived from literature sources. The supermatrix data set was combined with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) data sets for Astraeus, Calostoma, and Pisolithus to produce a 168 operational taxonomic unit (OTU) supertree. The ensuing analysis estimated that basal Sclerodermatineae originated in the late Cretaceous while major genera diversified near the mid Cenozoic. Asia and North America are the most probable ancestral areas for all Sclerodermatineae, and angiosperms, primarily rosids, are the most probable ancestral hosts. Evolution in the Sclerodermatineae follows the biogeographic history of disjunct plant communities associated with early Cenozoic mesophytic forests and a boreotropical history. Broad geographic distributions are observed in the most promiscuous Sclerodermatineae (those with broad host ranges), while those with relatively limited distribution have fewer documented ectomycorrhizal associations. This suggests that ectomycorrhizal generalists have greater dispersal capabilities than specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Wilson
- Department of Biology, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Manfred Binder
- Department of Biology, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - David S Hibbett
- Department of Biology, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA
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24
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Frequent circumarctic and rare transequatorial dispersals in the lichenised agaric genus Lichenomphalia (Hygrophoraceae, Basidiomycota). Fungal Biol 2012; 116:388-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Hitchcock CJ, Chambers SM, Cairney JWG. Genetic population structure of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus microcarpus suggests high gene flow in south-eastern Australia. MYCORRHIZA 2011; 21:131-137. [PMID: 20499111 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-010-0317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pisolithus are ectomycorrhizal fungi that associate with roots of numerous plant species in natural and plantation forests worldwide. Despite the fact that Pisolithus spp. are present in plantation forests in many countries, knowledge of the genetic population structure of Pisolithus spp. remains limited. In this study, we have tested the hypothesis that a propensity for long-distance spore dispersal in Pisolithus microcarpus, along with the widespread distribution of potential eucalypt and acacia plant hosts in south-eastern Australia facilitates gene flow that limits population differentiation. Five polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers were used to investigate the population structure of P. microcarpus. Isolates were grouped according to geographical origin and isolate genotypes were analysed among the geographical populations. Pairwise F (ST) estimates indicated limited genetic differentiation among the geographical populations. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that most of the genetic variation present was within geographical populations, with only 1.3% of the genetic variation among P. microcarpus geographical populations. This was particularly pronounced for four geographical populations within a ca 7,000 km(2) area New South Wales, which were each separated by < 100 km and appeared to be genetically homogeneous. The lack of population structure is suggested to be due to a high degree of gene flow, via basidiospores, between the New South Wales geographical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Hitchcock
- Centre for Plants and the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia
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26
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Dentinger BT, Ammirati JF, Both EE, Desjardin DE, Halling RE, Henkel TW, Moreau PA, Nagasawa E, Soytong K, Taylor AF, Watling R, Moncalvo JM, McLaughlin DJ. Molecular phylogenetics of porcini mushrooms (Boletus section Boletus). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 57:1276-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Jourand P, Ducousso M, Loulergue-Majorel C, Hannibal L, Santoni S, Prin Y, Lebrun M. Ultramafic soils from New Caledonia structurePisolithus albusin ecotype. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 72:238-49. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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28
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Stubbe D, Nuytinck J, Verbeken A. Critical assessment of the Lactarius gerardii species complex (Russulales). Fungal Biol 2010; 114:271-83. [PMID: 20943137 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates species delimitation within the Lactarius gerardii species complex and explores its taxonomic and geographical extent. A combined molecular phylogeny based on ITS, LSU and rpb2 gene sequences is constructed and morphological characters are evaluated. While L. gerardii was originally described from North America, it has later been reported from all over Asia. Therefore a worldwide sampling range was aimed at, including species exhibiting morphological affinities with L. gerardii. The phylogenetic analyses indicate that intercontinental conspecificity in L. gerardii is absent. Thirty strongly supported clades are retrieved of which 18 are morphologically identifiable species. The group is elevated to Lactarius subg. Gerardii stat. nov. It includes, apart from L. gerardii s.l., L. atrovelutinus, L. bicolor, L. ochrogalactus, L. petersenii, L. reticulatovenosus, L. sepiaceus, L. subgerardii and L. wirrabara, as well as the pleurotoid L. uyedae. The paraphyletic nature of the genus Lactarius is confirmed. Lactarius subg. Gerardii appears not affiliated with L. subg. Plinthogalus and this can be substantiated morphologically. No representatives are known from Europe, Africa or South America. The high frequency of intercontinental sister relationships observed between America, Asia and the Australian region, suggests multiple migration and speciation events have occurred across continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Stubbe
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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29
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30
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Bulman SR, Visnovsky SB, Hall IR, Guerin-Laguette A, Wang Y. Molecular and morphological identification of truffle-producing Tuber species in New Zealand. Mycol Prog 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-009-0626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Vellinga EC, Wolfe BE, Pringle A. Global patterns of ectomycorrhizal introductions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 181:960-973. [PMID: 19170899 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants have often been moved across the globe with intact root systems. These roots are likely to have housed symbiotic ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi and the movement of plants may have facilitated the introduction of EM fungi.Here, we report data compiled from a newly created database of EM fungal introductions.We estimate the magnitude of EM fungal introductions around the world and examine patterns associated with these introductions. We also use the data to develop a framework for understanding the invasion biology of EM fungi.At least 200 species of basidiomycete and ascomycete EM fungi have been moved from native ranges to novel habitats. The majority of recorded introductions are associated with Pinus or Eucalyptus plantations in the southern hemisphere. Most introduced species appear to be constrained from spreading in novel habitats and associate only with their introduced hosts. Aspects of life history, including host range, may influence the ability of EM species to establish or invade. Human-caused introductions of EM fungi are a common and global phenomenon.The mechanisms controlling EM fungi in novel habitats and potential impacts of EM fungal introductions are almost entirely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else C Vellinga
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Benjamin E Wolfe
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Anne Pringle
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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32
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Douhan GW, Smith ME, Huyrn KL, Westbrook A, Beerli P, Fisher AJ. Multigene analysis suggests ecological speciation in the fungal pathogen Claviceps purpurea. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:2276-86. [PMID: 18373531 PMCID: PMC2443689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Claviceps purpurea is an important pathogen of grasses and source of novel chemical compounds. Three groups within this species (G1, G2 and G3) have been recognized based on habitat association, sclerotia and conidia morphology, as well as alkaloid production. These groups have further been supported by Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, suggesting this species may be more accurately described as a species complex. However, all divergent ecotypes can coexist in sympatric populations with no obvious physical barriers to prevent gene flow. In this study, we used both phylogenetic and population genetic analyses to test for speciation within C. purpurea using DNA sequences from ITS, a RAS-like locus, and a portion of beta-tubulin. The G1 types are significantly divergent from the G2/G3 types based on each of the three loci and the combined dataset, whereas the G2/G3 types are more integrated with one another. Although the G2 and G3 lineages have not diverged as much as the G1 lineage based on DNA sequence data, the use of three DNA loci does reliably separate the G2 and G3 lineages. However, the population genetic analyses strongly suggest little to no gene flow occurring between the different ecotypes, and we argue that this process is driven by adaptations to ecological habitats; G1 isolates are associated with terrestrial grasses, G2 isolates are found in wet and shady environments, and G3 isolates are found in salt marsh habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Douhan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Halling RE, Osmundson TW, Neves MA. Pacific boletes: Implications for biogeographic relationships. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 112:437-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tedersoo L, Jairus T, Horton BM, Abarenkov K, Suvi T, Saar I, Kõljalg U. Strong host preference of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Tasmanian wet sclerophyll forest as revealed by DNA barcoding and taxon-specific primers. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2008; 180:479-490. [PMID: 18631297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is a widespread plant nutrition strategy in Australia, especially in semiarid regions. This study aims to determine the diversity, community structure and host preference of ECM fungi in a Tasmanian wet sclerophyll forest. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were identified based on anatomotyping and rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-large subunit (LSU) sequence analysis using taxon-specific primers. Host tree roots were identified based on root morphology and length differences of the chloroplast trnL region. A total of 123 species of ECM fungi were recovered from root tips of Eucalyptus regnans (Myrtaceae), Pomaderris apetala (Rhamnaceae) and Nothofagus cunninghamii (Nothofagaceae). The frequency of two thirds of the most common ECM fungi from several lineages was significantly influenced by host species. The lineages of Cortinarius, Tomentella-Thelephora, Russula-Lactarius, Clavulina, Descolea and Laccaria prevailed in the total community and their species richness and relative abundance did not differ by host species. This study demonstrates that strongly host-preferring, though not directly specific, ECM fungi may dominate the below-ground community. Apart from the richness of Descolea, Tulasnella and Helotiales and the lack of Suillus-Rhizopogon and Amphinema-Tylospora, the ECM fungal diversity and phylogenetic community structure is similar to that in the Holarctic realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, EST-51005 Tartu, Estonia
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, EST-51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Teele Jairus
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, EST-51005 Tartu, Estonia
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, EST-51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Bryony M Horton
- Schools of Agricultural Science and Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kessy Abarenkov
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, EST-51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Suvi
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, EST-51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Irja Saar
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, EST-51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urmas Kõljalg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, EST-51005 Tartu, Estonia
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Dickie
- Landcare Research, PO Box 40, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
| | - B Moyersoen
- Université de Liège, B22, algologie, mycologie et systématique expérimentale, Bd du Rectorat 27, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Moncalvo JM, Buchanan PK. Molecular evidence for long distance dispersal across the Southern Hemisphere in the Ganoderma applanatum-australe species complex (Basidiomycota). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 112:425-36. [PMID: 18314318 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined phylogeographic relationships in the cosmopolitan polypore fungus Ganoderma applanatum and allies, and conservatively infer a possible age of origin for these fungi. Results indicate that it is very unlikely that members of this species complex diversified before the break-up of Gondwana from Laurasia ca 120M years ago, and also before the final separation of the Gondwanan landmasses from each other that was achieved about 66M years ago. An earliest possible age of origin of 30M years was estimated from nucleotide substitution rates in the 18S rDNA gene. Phylogenetic reconstruction of a worldwide sampling of ITS rDNA sequences reveals at least eight distinct clades that are strongly correlated with the geographic origin of the strains, and also correspond to mating groups. These include one Southern Hemisphere clade, one Southern Hemisphere-Eastern Asia clade, two temperate Northern Hemisphere clades, three Asian clades, and one neotropical clade. Geographically distant collections from the Southern Hemisphere shared identical ITS haplotypes, and an ITS recombinant was noted. Nested clade analysis of a parsimony network among isolates of the Southern Hemisphere clade indicated restricted gene flow with isolation-by-distance among the New Zealand, Australia-Tasmania, Chile-Argentine, and South Africa populations, suggesting episodic events of long-distance dispersal within the Southern Hemisphere. This study indicates that dispersal bias plays a more important role than generally admitted to explain the Southern Hemisphere distribution of many taxa, at least for saprobic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Moncalvo
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada.
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Hosaka K, Castellano MA, Spatafora JW. Biogeography of Hysterangiales (Phallomycetidae, Basidiomycota). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 112:448-62. [PMID: 18314317 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To understand the biogeography of truffle-like fungi, DNA sequences were analysed from representative taxa of Hysterangiales. Multigene phylogenies and the results of ancestral area reconstructions are consistent with the hypothesis of an Australian, or eastern Gondwanan, origin of Hysterangiales with subsequent range expansions to the Northern Hemisphere. However, neither Northern Hemisphere nor Southern Hemisphere taxa formed a monophyletic group, which is in conflict with a strictly vicariant scenario. Therefore, the occurrence and importance of long-distance dispersal could not be rejected. Although a pre-Gondwanan origin of Hysterangiales remains as a possibility, this hypothesis requires that Hysterangiales exist prior to the origin of the currently recognized ectomycorrhizal plants, as well as the arrival of mycophagous animals in Australia. This also requires that a basal paraphyletic assemblage represents parallel evolution of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, or that Hysterangiales was mycorrhizal with members of the extinct flora of Gondwana. Regardless, models for both ancient and more recent origins of Hysterangiales are consistent with truffle-like fungi being capable of transoceanic dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hosaka
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Cordley Hall 2082, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA.
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Phosri C, Martín MP, Sihanonth P, Whalley AJS, Watling R. Molecular study of the genus Astraeus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 111:275-86. [PMID: 17360168 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 12/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to determine phylogenetic relationships among Astraeus species and to support macroscopic and microscopic characters of Astraeus with analysis of the ITS rDNA region. Collections of Astraeus basidiomes were made from different geographical areas in Thailand and compared with existing collections made worldwide. The marriage of observations on morphological features, including basidiospore ornamentation and molecular data demonstrated the presence of several Astraeus species. Sequences for 41 Astraeus collections were compared and the phylogenetic analyses grouped Thai Astraeus collections into two distinct groups. One contained A. odoratus and an Asian species described herein as A. asiaticus. There are at least two additional species: A. pteridis, and one so far un-named from North America. Our results show that molecular data can be used in combination with traditional morphological characteristics to resolve taxonomic uncertainties in the genus Astraeus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherdchai Phosri
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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Tedersoo L, Suvi T, Beaver K, Kõljalg U. Ectomycorrhizal fungi of the Seychelles: diversity patterns and host shifts from the native Vateriopsis seychellarum (Dipterocarpaceae) and Intsia bijuga (Caesalpiniaceae) to the introduced Eucalyptus robusta (Myrtaceae), but not Pinus caribea (Pinaceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2007; 175:321-333. [PMID: 17587380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi form highly diverse communities in temperate forests, but little is known about their community ecology in tropical ecosystems. Using anatomotyping and rDNA sequencing, ECM fungi were identified on root tips of the introduced Eucalyptus robusta and Pinus caribea as well as the endemic Vateriopsis seychellarum and indigenous Intsia bijuga in the Seychelles. Sequencing revealed 30 species of ECM fungi on root tips of V. seychellarum and I. bijuga, with three species overlapping. Eucalyptus robusta shared five of these taxa, whereas P. caribea hosted three unique species of ECM fungi that were likely cointroduced with containerized seedlings. The thelephoroid (including the anamorphic genus Riessiella), euagaric, boletoid and hymenochaetoid clades of basidiomycetes dominated the ECM fungal community of native trees. Two species of Annulatascaceae (Sordariales, Ascomycota) were identified and described as ECM symbionts of V. seychellarum. The low diversity of native ECM fungi is attributed to deforestation and long-term isolation of the Seychelles. Native ECM fungi associate with exotic eucalypts, whereas cointroduced ECM fungi persist in pine plantations for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu. 40 Lai Street, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Suvi
- Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu. 40 Lai Street, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katy Beaver
- Plant Conservation Action Group. PO Box 392, Victoria, Mahé, the Seychelles
| | - Urmas Kõljalg
- Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu. 40 Lai Street, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
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Matsuda Y, Sugiyama F, Nakanishi K, Ito SI. Effects of sodium chloride on growth of ectomycorrhizal fungal isolates in culture. MYCOSCIENCE 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-006-0298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Douhan GW, Rizzo DM. Phylogenetic divergence in a local population of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2005; 166:263-271. [PMID: 15760369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cenococcum geophilum is a widely distributed mycorrhizal species associated with diverse gymnosperm and angiosperm hosts. In previous studies, a significant amount of genetic and genotypic diversity has been detected in this species, despite the fact that C. geophilum is not thought to reproduce by meiotic or mitotic spores. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 103 C. geophilum isolates from a California oak woodland and seven non-California isolates using a glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. In addition, a subset of isolates was analyzed using sequences from ITS-rDNA, a Group I intron located in the 3' end of the SSU-rDNA and a portion of the mitochondrial SSU-rDNA. Phylogenetically distinct lineages, or cryptic species, of C. geophilum were detected at the scale of a single soil sample within our field site. As much genetic diversity was found within a soil sample as was found for isolates collected across the USA. Our results help explain the large amount of physiological, phenotypic, and genetic differences reported among isolates of C. geophilum from similar as well as diverse geographic regions. The ecological role that these sympatric cryptic species play remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Douhan
- Department of Plant Pathology, One Shields Avenue, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 956161, USA.
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Abstract
The objective of this review is to provide a synthesis of speciation theory, of what is known about mechanisms of speciation in fungi and from this, what is expected, and of ideas on how speciation can be elucidated in more fungal systems. The emphasis is on process rather than pattern. Phylogeographic studies in some groups, such as the agarics, demonstrate predominantly allopatric speciation, often through vicariance, as seen in many plants and animals. The variety of life history factors in fungi suggests, however, a diversity in speciation mechanisms that is borne out in comparison of some key examples. Life history features in fungi with a bearing on speciation include genetic mechanisms for intra- and interspecies interactions, haploidy as monokaryons, dikaryons, or coenocytes, distinctive types of propagules with distinctive modes of dispersal, as well as characteristic relationships to the substrate or host as specialized or generalist saprotrophs, parasites or mutualists with associated opportunities and selective pressures for hybridization. Approaches are proposed for both retrospective, phylogeographic determination of speciation mechanisms, and experimental studies with the potential for genomic applications, particularly in examining the relationship between adaptation and reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Kohn
- Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6.
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Den Bakker HC, Zuccarello GC, Kuyper TW, Noordeloos ME. Evolution and host specificity in the ectomycorrhizal genus Leccinum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2004; 163:201-215. [PMID: 33873790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• Species of the ectomycorrhizal genus Leccinum are generally considered to be host specialists. We determined the phylogenetic relationships between species of Leccinum from Europe and North America based on second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh). • We plotted host associations onto the phylogenies using maximum likelihood and parsimony approaches. • Resolution of the phylogeny was greater with Gapdh vs ITS2, plus the Gapdh and ITS phylogenies were highly incongruent. In Leccinum the coding region of Gapdh evolved clocklike, allowing the application of a molecular clock for the reconstruction of host specificity. Almost all species of Leccinum are highly host tree specific, except Leccinum aurantiacum, which associates with a broad range of host trees. Maximum likelihood reconstructions of the ancestral host associations show that this taxon evolved from a specialist. • Our results indicate episodes of rapid speciation coinciding with or immediately following host switches. We propose a model where host niche contraction through geographic isolation and host niche expansion through ecologically equivalent hosts drive cycles of speciation. The role of host race formation and incipient speciation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk C Den Bakker
- National Herbarium of the Netherlands, University of Leiden Branch, PO Box 9514, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G C Zuccarello
- National Herbarium of the Netherlands, University of Leiden Branch, PO Box 9514, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Th W Kuyper
- Wageningen Agricultural University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Subdepartment of Soil Quality, PO Box 8005, NL-6700 EC Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M E Noordeloos
- National Herbarium of the Netherlands, University of Leiden Branch, PO Box 9514, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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