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Chu S, Zhao T, Li M, Sun Y, Yang Y, Yang Z. Long non-coding RNA (CMR) involved in autoprotection in S. aureus mastitis in dairy cows by regulating miR-877/FOXM1. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116456. [PMID: 38744067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are dysregulated in a variety of human diseases and are highly involved in the development and progression of tumors. Studies on lncRNAs associated with cow mastitis have been lagging behind compared to humans or model animals, therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of LncRNAs (CMR) involved in autoprotection against S. aureus mastitis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells (BMECs). First, qRT-PCR was used to examine the relative expression of CMR in a S. aureus mastitis model of BMECs. Then, cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by EdU and apoptosis assay. Finally, the targeting relationship between miRNAs and mRNA/LncRNAs was determined by dual luciferase reporter gene, qRT-PCR and western blotting techniques. The results showed that CMR was upregulated in the S. aureus mastitis model of BMECs and promoted the expression of inflammatory factors, and SiRNA-mediated CMR inhibited the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells and induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, CMR acts as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) sponge miR-877, leading to upregulation of FOXM1, a target of miR-877. Importantly, either miR-877 overexpression or FOXM1 inhibition abrogated CMR knockdown-induced apoptosis promoting cell proliferation and reducing inflammatory factor expression levels. In summary, CMR is involved in the regulation of autoprotection against S. aureus mastitis through the miR-877/FOXM1 axis in BMECs and induces immune responses in mammary tissues and cells of dairy cows, providing an important reference for subsequent prevention and control of cow mastitis and the development of targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfeng Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tianqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingxun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yujia Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Yangzhou University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Deepak D, De UK, Sarkar TK, Katoch S, John JK, Sarkar VK. Strategic administration of antioxidant multiminerals and vitamins to transitional buffaloes augments antioxidant and udder defense mechanisms in early lactation. Res Vet Sci 2024; 172:105253. [PMID: 38579632 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effects of repeated administrations of antioxidant multiminerals and vitamins in transition buffaloes on udder defense mechanism, antioxidant activity and occurrence of intramammary infection (IMI) in early lactation period. Forty clinically healthy pregnant buffaloes were enrolled 45 days before expected date of calving and randomly allocated into five different supplementation groups (n = 8): only basal ration (control), vitamin E and selenium (VES), multiminerals (MM), ascorbic acid (AA) and chromium (Cr) picolinate in basal diet. The udder defense mechanism was monitored by measuring phagocytic activity (PA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) productions in milk leukocytes, antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma and occurrence of IMI was assessed by milk cytology, bacterial count in milk and visible clinical signs of udder until day 28 post-calving. The results showed that the VES and MM supplementations exhibited significantly higher PA, MPO and NO productions of milk leukocytes till first week of lactation whereas, elevated mean TAC in plasma was maintained from day -7 to 1 of calving in MM supplementation group as compared to control group. Statistically, no significant difference in occurrences of subclinical or clinical IMI was noted across the groups until four weeks of lactation. Taken together, it is concluded that repeated administrations of VES and MM to transition buffaloes could be an effective strategy to maintain good udder health by augmenting milk leukocyte functions and antioxidant status and preventing incidence of IMI in early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Deepak
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut 250 110, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - U K De
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - T K Sarkar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut 250 110, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Katoch
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut 250 110, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - J K John
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut 250 110, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V K Sarkar
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Curone G, Filipe J, Inglesi A, Bronzo V, Pollera C, Comazzi S, Draghi S, Piccinini R, Ferlazzo G, Quattrone A, Vigo D, Amadori M, Riva F. Different Immune Control of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Mammary Infections in Dairy Cows. Vet Sci 2024; 11:166. [PMID: 38668433 PMCID: PMC11054201 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In the dairy industry, bovine mastitis represents a major concern due to substantial production losses and costs related to therapies and early culling. The mechanisms of susceptibility and effective response to intra-mammary infections are still poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated innate immunity in acellular bovine skim milk through cytofluorimetric analyses of bacterial killing activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Freshly cultured E. coli and S. aureus strains were incubated with colostrum and milk samples at different lactation time points from two groups of cows, purportedly representing mastitis-resistant and mastitis-susceptible breeds; bacterial cells were analyzed for vitality by flow cytometry following incorporation of vital dyes. N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity was also investigated in milk and colostrum samples. Our findings revealed that colostrum and milk bacterial killing activity was greater against S. aureus compared to E. coli., with this activity correlated with milk NAGase levels. Furthermore, both killing of S. aureus and NAGase activity were negatively correlated to the elapsed time of lactation. Interestingly, samples from the allegedly mastitis-resistant breed displayed higher bacterial killing and NAGase activities. Our study suggests that diverse control mechanisms are exerted against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens in the mammary glands of cows, probably beyond those already described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Curone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.C.); (A.I.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (A.Q.); (D.V.)
| | - Joel Filipe
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.C.); (A.I.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (A.Q.); (D.V.)
| | - Alessia Inglesi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.C.); (A.I.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (A.Q.); (D.V.)
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.C.); (A.I.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (A.Q.); (D.V.)
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive Degli Animali—MiLab, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Claudia Pollera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.C.); (A.I.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (A.Q.); (D.V.)
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.C.); (A.I.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (A.Q.); (D.V.)
| | - Susanna Draghi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.C.); (A.I.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (A.Q.); (D.V.)
| | - Renata Piccinini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.C.); (A.I.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (A.Q.); (D.V.)
| | - Gianluca Ferlazzo
- Pellegrina Extention Service, Veronesi Holding, 37142 Verona, Italy;
| | - Alda Quattrone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.C.); (A.I.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (A.Q.); (D.V.)
| | - Daniele Vigo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.C.); (A.I.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (A.Q.); (D.V.)
| | - Massimo Amadori
- Rete Nazionale di Immunologia Veterinaria, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Federica Riva
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.C.); (A.I.); (V.B.); (C.P.); (S.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (A.Q.); (D.V.)
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Singha S, Koop G, Rahman MM, Ceciliani F, Addis MF, Howlader MMR, Hossain MK, Piccinini R, Locatelli C, Persson Y, Bronzo V. Pathogen group-specific risk factors for intramammary infection in water buffalo. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299929. [PMID: 38573969 PMCID: PMC10994383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of intramammary infection (IMI) associated bacteria and to identify risk factors for pathogen group-specific IMI in water buffalo in Bangladesh. A California Mastitis Test (CMT) and bacteriological cultures were performed on 1,374 quarter milk samples collected from 763 water buffalo from 244 buffalo farms in nine districts in Bangladesh. Quarter, buffalo, and farm-related data were obtained through questionnaires and visual observations. A total of 618 quarter samples were found to be culture positive. Non-aureus staphylococci were the predominant IMI-associated bacterial species, and Staphylococcus (S.) chromogenes, S. hyicus, and S. epidermidis were the most common bacteria found. The proportion of non-aureus staphylococci or Mammaliicoccus sciuri (NASM), S. aureus, and other bacterial species identified in the buffalo quarter samples varied between buffalo farms. Therefore, different management practices, buffalo breeding factors, and nutrition were considered and further analyzed when estimating the IMI odds ratio (OR). The odds of IMI by any pathogen (OR: 1.8) or by NASM (OR: 2.2) was high in buffalo herds with poor milking hygiene. Poor cleanliness of the hind quarters had a high odds of IMI caused by any pathogen (OR: 2.0) or NASM (OR: 1.9). Twice daily milking (OR: 3.1) and farms with buffalo purchased from another herd (OR: 2.0) were associated with IMI by any pathogen. Asymmetrical udders were associated with IMI-caused by any bacteria (OR: 1.7). A poor body condition score showed higher odds of IMI by any pathogen (OR: 1.4) or by NASM (OR: 1.7). This study shows that the prevalence of IMI in water buffalo was high and varied between farms. In accordance with the literature, our data highlight that IMI can be partly controlled through better farm management, primarily by improving hygiene, milking management, breeding, and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvo Singha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali (MiLab), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Gerrit Koop
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Sustainable Ruminant Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Md. Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali (MiLab), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Md. Matiar Rahman Howlader
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Kawser Hossain
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Renata Piccinini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali (MiLab), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Clara Locatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali (MiLab), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Ylva Persson
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Swedish Veterinary Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive degli Animali (MiLab), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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Feng F, Li Y, Wang J, Dong Y, Li Y, Luoreng Z, Wang X. LncRNA CA12-AS1 targets miR-133a to promote LPS-induced inflammatory response in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129710. [PMID: 38278392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis seriously affects milk production and quality and causes huge economic losses in the dairy industry. Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may regulate bovine mastitis. In this study, the expression of lncRNA CA12-AS1 was significantly upregulated in LPS-induced bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) but negatively correlated with the expression of miR-133a, suggesting that it may be related to the inflammatory response in bMECs. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that miR-133a is a downstream target gene of lncRNA CA12-AS1. Furthermore, lncRNA CA12-AS1 silencing negatively regulated the expression of miR-133a inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β) and decreased the mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (p65/p50) and apoptosis-related genes (BAX, caspase3 and caspase9). LncRNA CA12-AS1 silencing also promoted the mRNA expression levels of the Tight junction (TJ) signaling pathway-related genes (Claudin-1, Occludin and ZO-1), apoptotic gene BCL2, proliferation-related genes (CDK2, CDK4 and PCNA) and the viability of bMECs. However, overexpression of lncRNA CA12-AS1 reversed the above effects. These results revealed that lncRNA CA12-AS1 is a pro-inflammatory regulator, and its silencing can alleviate bovine mastitis by targeting miR-133a, providing a novel strategy for molecular therapy of cow mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yiwen Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Xingping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Li K, Yang M, Tian M, Jia L, Wu Y, Du J, Yuan L, Li L, Ma Y. The preventive effects of Lactobacillus casei 03 on Escherichia coli-induced mastitis in vitro and in vivo. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:5. [PMID: 38395896 PMCID: PMC10893599 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus casei possesses many kinds of bioactivities, such as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant, and has been applied to treating multiple inflammatory diseases. However, its role in mastitis prevention has remained ambiguous. METHODS This study aimed to examine the mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of L. casei 03 against E. coli- mastitis utilizing bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and a mouse model. RESULTS In vitro assays revealed pretreatment with L. casei 03 reduced the apoptotic ratio and the mRNA expression levels of IL1β, IL6 and TNFα and suppressed phosphorylation of p65, IκBα, p38, JNK and ERK in the NF-κB signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vivo tests indicated that intramammary infusion of L. casei 03 relieved pathological changes, reduced the secretion of IL1β, IL6 and TNFα and MPO activity in the mouse mastitis model. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that L. casei 03 exerts protective effects against E. coli-induced mastitis in vitro and in vivo and may hold promise as a novel agent for the prevention and treatment of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Mengyue Tian
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 056038, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yinghao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, China
| | - Lining Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lianmin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yuzhong Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071001, Baoding, Hebei, China.
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Seker E, Ozenc E, Turedi OK, Yilmaz M. Prevalence of mecA and pvl genes in coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Turkey. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2427-2432. [PMID: 35792781 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2094802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the presence of mecA and pvl genes in coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) species isolated from bovine mastitis in smallholder dairy farms by using PCR. A total of 602 mammary quarter milk samples belong to 170 cows with mastitis were used. Identification of species was achieved by using the commercial Gram-positive identification kit and a total of 52 (8.6%) CNS species were isolated. The most frequently isolated species was Staphylococcus capitis (n = 15, 28.8%), followed by Staphylococcus saccharolyticus (n = 12, 23.1%), Staphylococcus simulans (n = 8, 15.4%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n = 5, 9.6%), Staphylococcus cohnii (n = 4, 7.7%), Staphylococcus lentus (n = 4, 7.7%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 2, 3.8%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (n = 2, 3.8%). The mecA gene positivity was found in the 13 (25%) of strains. Of the strains carrying mecA gene, eight also harbored the pvl gene. A total of pvl gene positivity was found as 30.8% (n = 16) in 52 CNS species. In conclusion, the present study showed that CNS isolated from cows with mastitis may be reservoir of mecA and pvl genes. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the presence of mecA and pvl genes in CNS species isolated from bovine with mastitis in the smallholder dairy farms in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Seker
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Erhan Ozenc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Oguz Kagan Turedi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Muesser Yilmaz
- Karaçoban District Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Turkey
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Kinkpe L, Khan R, Suhail SM, Ahmad I, Khan FA, Ayari-Akkari A, Siddiqui S. Polymorphism and association study of lactoferrin (LF) gene with milk yield, milk composition, and somatic cell count in Beetal goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:415. [PMID: 37996555 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The sequence analysis of PCR product exhibited four novel SNPs in the promoter region of the LF gene at loci g.98T>C, g.143T>A, g.189AC>A, and g.346A>G. Each SNP yielded three genotypes; the genotypes TT (SNP1), AA (SNP3), and GG (SNP4) decreased SCC and increase milk quality traits such as density, protein, and milk yield (P < 0.01). The genotype CC (SNP2) and CA (SNP4) significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the milk quality parameters, while genotypes TC (SNP2) and GG (SNP4) showed significantly (P < 0.01) less SCC and increase lactose % in milk. Furthermore, screening of the LF promoter sequence explored the gain of four TF binding sites at locus g.98T˃C and three TF binding sites at g.346A˃G. However, the loss of four and two TF binding sites was seen at locus g.143T˃A and g.189C˃A, respectively. We can conclude from the present study that the GG, TT, and AA genotype might be utilized as genetic markers in marker-assisted selection for the breed improvement program of Beetal goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Kinkpe
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Rajwali Khan
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Muhammad Suhail
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Anwar Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Amel Ayari-Akkari
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, P.O Box 960, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sazada Siddiqui
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, P.O Box 960, Saudi Arabia
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Sung E, Park J, Lee H, Song G, Lim W. Bifenthrin induces cell death in bovine mammary epithelial cells via ROS generation, calcium ion homeostasis disruption, and MAPK signaling cascade alteration. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105637. [PMID: 37945236 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin is one of the widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, employed for various purposes worldwide. As lipophilic pyrethroids can easily bind to soil particles, which is why their residues are detected in various environments. Consequently, the toxicity of bifenthrin to non-target organisms can be regarded as an environmental concern. The toxic effects of bifenthrin have been studied in various animal models and cell lines; however, its toxic effects on cattle remain unclear. In particular, gaining insights into the toxic effects of bifenthrin on the mammary lactation system is crucial for the dairy industry. Therefore, we proceeded to investigate the toxic effects of bifenthrin on the bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells). We established that bifenthrin inhibited cell proliferation and triggered apoptosis in MAC-T cells. Additionally, bifenthrin induced mitochondrial dysfunction and altered inflammatory gene expression by disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and generating excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also demonstrated that bifenthrin disrupted both cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium ion homeostasis. Furthermore, bifenthrin altered mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades and downregulated casein-related genes. Collectively, we confirmed the multiple toxic effects of bifenthrin on MAC-T cells, which could potentially reduce milk yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunho Sung
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Lee
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Zhou M, Barkema HW, Gao J, Yang J, Wang Y, Kastelic JP, Khan S, Liu G, Han B. MicroRNA miR-223 modulates NLRP3 and Keap1, mitigating lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells and murine mammary glands. Vet Res 2023; 54:78. [PMID: 37710276 PMCID: PMC10503159 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, the most prevalent and costly disease in dairy cows worldwide, decreases milk quality and quantity, and increases cow culling. However, involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in mastitis is not well characterized. The objective was to determine the role of microRNA-223 (miR-223) in regulation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and kelch like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) oxidative stress pathway in mastitis models induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) and murine mammary glands. In bMECs cultured in vitro, LPS-induced inflammation downregulated bta-miR-223; the latter interacted directly with the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of NLRP3 and Keap1. Overexpression of bta-miR-223 in bMECs decreased LPS and Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-induced NLRP3 and its mediation of caspase 1 and IL-1β, and inhibited LPS-induced Keap1 and Nrf2 mediated oxidative stress, whereas inhibition of bta-miR-223 had opposite effects. In an in vivo murine model of LPS-induced mastitis, increased miR-223 mitigated pathology in the murine mammary gland, whereas decreased miR-223 increased inflammatory changes and oxidative stress. In conclusion, bta-miR-223 mitigated inflammation and oxidative injury by downregulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. This study implicated bta-miR-223 in regulation of inflammatory responses, with potential as a novel target for treating bovine mastitis and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyue Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - John P Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sohrab Khan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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11
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Germon P, Martins RP. Immune defences of the mammary gland in dairy ruminants. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58 Suppl 2:4-14. [PMID: 37133304 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland (MG) of ruminants is essential for assuring the immune protection and nutrition of the suckling youngs. The domestication of these species aimed at increasing milk production for human consumption enhanced udder susceptibility to infections and in this context, a better understanding of the MG immune defences has become a cornerstone for the success of dairy farming. In this review, we explore constitutive and inducible immune mechanisms of the mammary gland and briefly discuss the knowledge gaps that remain to be elucidated for the implementation of strategies focused on boosting mammary immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Germon
- ISP UMR 1282, INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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12
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Wang M, Bissonnette N, Laterrière M, Dudemaine PL, Gagné D, Roy JP, Sirard MA, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. Gene co-expression in response to Staphylococcus aureus infection reveals networks of genes with specific functions during bovine subclinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5517-5536. [PMID: 37291036 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent contagious bacterial pathogen of bovine mastitis. The subclinical mastitis it causes has long-term economic implications and it is difficult to control. To further understanding of the genetic basis of mammary gland defense against S. aureus infection, the transcriptomes of milk somatic cells from 15 cows with persistent natural S. aureus infection (S. aureus-positive, SAP) and 10 healthy control cows (HC) were studied by deep RNA-sequencing technology. Comparing the transcriptomes of SAP to HC group revealed 4,077 differentially expressed genes (DEG; 1,616 up- and 2,461 downregulated). Functional annotation indicated enrichment of DEG in 94 Gene Ontology (GO) and 47 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Terms related to the immune response and disease processes were mostly enriched for by upregulated DEG, whereas biological process terms related to cell adhesion, cell movement and localization, and tissue development were mostly enriched for by downregulated DEG. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis grouped DEG into 7 modules, the most important module (colored turquoise by software and here referred to as Turquoise module) was positively significantly correlated with S. aureus subclinical mastitis. The 1,546 genes in the Turquoise module were significantly enriched in 48 GO terms and 72 KEGG pathways, with 80% of them being disease- and immune-related terms [e.g., immune system process (GO:0002376), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (bta04060) and S. aureus infection (bta05150)]. Some DEG such as IFNG, IL18, IL1B, NFKB1, CXCL8, and IL12B were enriched in immune and disease pathways suggesting their possible involvement in the regulation of the host response to S. aureus infection. Four modules (Yellow, Brown, Blue, and Red) were negatively correlated (significantly) with S. aureus subclinical mastitis, and were enriched in functional annotations involved in the regulation of cell migration, cell communication, metabolic process, and blood circulatory system development, respectively. Application of sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis to genes of the Turquoise module identified 5 genes (NR2F6, PDLIM5, RAB11FIP5, ACOT4, and TMEM53) capable of explaining the majority of the differences in the expression patterns between SAP and HC cows. In conclusion, this study has furthered understanding of the genetic changes in the mammary gland and the molecular mechanisms underlying S. aureus mastitis, as well as revealed a list of candidate discriminant genes with potential regulatory roles in response to S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wang
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1MOC8, Canada; Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1MOC8, Canada
| | - Mario Laterrière
- Quebec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 2J3, Canada
| | - Pier-Luc Dudemaine
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1MOC8, Canada
| | - David Gagné
- Quebec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 2J3, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Roy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1MOC8, Canada.
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13
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Noleto PG, Gilbert FB, Rossignol C, Cunha P, Germon P, Rainard P, Martins RP. Punch-excised explants of bovine mammary gland to model early immune response to infection. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:100. [PMID: 37420291 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammary gland (MG) infections (mastitis) are frequent diseases of dairy cows that affect milk quality, animal welfare and farming profitability. These infections are commonly associated with the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Different in vitro models have been used to investigate the early response of the MG to bacteria, but the role of the teat in mastitis pathogenesis has received less attention. In this study, we used punch-excised teat tissue as an ex vivo model to study the immune mechanisms that arise early during infection when bacteria have entered the MG. RESULTS Cytotoxicity and microscopic analyses showed that bovine teat sinus explants have their morphology and viability preserved after 24 h of culture and respond to ex vivo stimulation with TLR-agonists and bacteria. LPS and E. coli trigger stronger inflammatory response in teat when compared to LTA and S. aureus, leading to a higher production of IL-6 and IL-8, as well as to an up-regulation of proinflammatory genes. We also demonstrated that our ex vivo model can be applied to frozen-stored explants. CONCLUSIONS In compliance with the 3Rs principle (replacement, reduction and refinement) in animal experimentation, ex vivo explant analyses proved to be a simple and affordable approach to study MG immune response to infection. This model, which better reproduces organ complexity than epithelial cell cultures or tissue slices, lends itself particularly well to studying the early phases of the MG immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patricia Cunha
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pierre Germon
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Rainard
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France
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14
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Wang X, Li H, Wang J, Xu H, Xue K, Liu X, Zhang Z, Liu J, Liu Y. Staphylococcus aureus extracellular vesicles induce apoptosis and restrain mitophagy-mediated degradation of damaged mitochondria. Microbiol Res 2023; 273:127421. [PMID: 37267814 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized bilayer EVs with various components. EV secretion in pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria is a universal feature that can cause disease and damage the targeted host. In this study, we isolated and purified Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) EVs, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyzed Ev's protein composition. After that, the pathway of EVs internalized into MAC-T cells was evaluated. Moreover, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway was measured by Western blot. Meanwhile, Western blot and confocal microscopy detected mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, and Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Results showed that purified S. aureus EVs exhibited a typical cup-shaped structure and internalized into MAC-T cells by lipid raft-mediated endocytic pathway. S. aureus EVs caused mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in MAC-T cells. However, degradation of the damaged mitochondria was impeded due to the Parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway being restrained by the disruption of the acidic environment of lysosomes by S. aureus EVs. Hence, our study reveals the role of S. aureus EVs in immune stimulation, disruption of mitochondria, and lysosomal acidic environment in bovine mammary epithelial cells. These findings help us understand the role of EVs in the pathogenic mechanism of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an 271018, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai`an 271000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830013, China
| | - Huiling Xu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an 271018, China
| | - Kun Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an 271018, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an 271018, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an 271018, China
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an 271018, China; Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an 271018, China.
| | - Yongxia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an 271018, China.
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15
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Li YX, Jiao P, Wang XP, Wang JP, Feng F, Bao BW, Dong YW, Luoreng ZM, Wei DW. RNA-seq reveals the role of miR-223 in alleviating inflammation of bovine mammary epithelial cells. Res Vet Sci 2023; 159:257-266. [PMID: 37192556 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) are involved in the early defense against the invasion of intramammary pathogens and are essential for the health of bovine mammary gland. MicroRNA (MiRNA) is a key factor that regulates cell state and physiological function. In the present study, the transcriptome profiles of miR-223 inhibitor transfection group (miR-223_Inhibitor) and negative control inhibitor transfection group (NC_Inhibitor) within bMECs were detected via the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) platform. Based on these experiments, the differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) of the miR-223_Inhibitor transfection group were screened, and the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional analyses of DE-mRNAs were performed. The results revealed that compared with the NC_Inhibitor, 224 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the miR-223_Inhibitor, including 184 upregulated and 40 downregulated genes. The functional annotation of the above DEGs indicated that some of these genes are involved in the immune response generated by extracellular substance stimulation, regulation of the activity of cytokines and chemokines, and the immune signaling pathways of NF-κB and TNF. Meanwhile, miR-223_inhibitor upregulated the immune key genes IRF1 and NFκBIA, cytokines IL-6 and IL-24, as well as chemokines CXCL3, CXCL5, and CCR6, triggering a signaling cascade response that exacerbated inflammation in bMECs. These results suggested that miR-223 plays an important role in inhibiting the inflammatory response and maintaining the stability of bMECs, and is a potential target for treating mastitis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Peng Jiao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xing-Ping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jin-Peng Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fen Feng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bin-Wu Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yi-Wen Dong
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhuo-Ma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Da-Wei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
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16
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Silvestrini P, Beccaria C, Renna MS, Engler C, Simonutti V, Cellone I, Calvinho LF, Dallard BE, Baravalle C. In vitro evaluation of ginsenoside Rg1 immunostimulating effect in bovine mononuclear cells. Res Vet Sci 2023; 158:1-12. [PMID: 36898322 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on mammary secretion and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MSMC and PBMC, respectively). The mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4 and selected cytokines were evaluated on MSMC after Rg1 treatment. Also, TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression was evaluated on MSMC and PBMC after Rg1 treatment. Phagocytic activity and capacity, ROS production and MHC-II expression were evaluated on MSMC and PBMC after Rg1 treatment and co-culture with Staphylococcus aureus strain 5011. Rg1 induced mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in groups treated with different concentrations and at different times in MSMC, and induced TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression in MSMC and PBMC. Rg1 increased phagocytic capacity and ROS production in MSMC and PBMC. Rg1 increased MHC-II expression by PBMC. However, Rg1 pre-treatment had no effect on cells co-cultured with S. aureus. In conclusion, Rg1 was able to stimulate several sensing and effector activities in these immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Silvestrini
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (UNL-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Camila Beccaria
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (UNL-CONICET), Argentina
| | - María S Renna
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (UNL-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Carolina Engler
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (UNL-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Valeria Simonutti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (UNL-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ivana Cellone
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Luis F Calvinho
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONCET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bibiana E Dallard
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (UNL-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Celina Baravalle
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (UNL-CONICET), Argentina.
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17
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Sadat A, Farag AMM, Elhanafi D, Awad A, Elmahallawy EK, Alsowayeh N, El-khadragy MF, Elshopakey GE. Immunological and Oxidative Biomarkers in Bovine Serum from Healthy, Clinical, and Sub-Clinical Mastitis Caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050892. [PMID: 36899749 PMCID: PMC10000043 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the mastitis' emerging causative agents and their antimicrobial sensitivity, in addition to the hematological, biochemical indicators, oxidative biomarkers, acute phase protein (APP), and inflammatory cytokine changes in dairy farms in Gamasa, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. One hundred Holstein Friesian dairy cattle with clinical and subclinical mastitis were investigated and were allocated into three groups based on a thorough clinical examination. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were found responsible for the clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy farms, respectively. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was detected in 100%, and 94.74% of E. coli and S. aureus isolates, respectively. Significantly low RBCs count, Hb, and PCV values were detected in mastitic cows compared with both subclinical mastitic and control groups; moreover, WBCs, lymphocytes, and neutrophil counts were significantly diminished in mastitic cows compared to the controls. Significantly higher levels of AST, LDH, total protein, and globulin were noticed in both mastitic and subclinical mastitic cows. The haptoglobin, fibrinogen, amyloid A, ceruloplasmin, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were statistically increased in mastitic cows compared to the controls. Higher MDA levels and reduction of TAC and catalase were identified in all the mastitic cases compared to the controls. Overall, the findings suggested potential public health hazards due to antimicrobial resistance emergence. Meanwhile, the APP and cytokines, along with antioxidant markers can be used as early indicators of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Sadat
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (G.E.E.); Tel.: +20-1099633122 (A.S.); +20-1023923945 (G.E.E.); Fax: +20-502379952 (A.S.); +20-502379952 (G.E.E.)
| | - Alshimaa M. M. Farag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Driss Elhanafi
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Amal Awad
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Noorah Alsowayeh
- Department of Biology, College of Education (Majmaah), Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal F. El-khadragy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehad E. Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (G.E.E.); Tel.: +20-1099633122 (A.S.); +20-1023923945 (G.E.E.); Fax: +20-502379952 (A.S.); +20-502379952 (G.E.E.)
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Khan MZ, Wang J, Ma Y, Chen T, Ma M, Ullah Q, Khan IM, Khan A, Cao Z, Liu S. Genetic polymorphisms in immune- and inflammation-associated genes and their association with bovine mastitis resistance/susceptibility. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1082144. [PMID: 36911690 PMCID: PMC9997099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1082144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland, is a contagious disease characterized by chemical and physical changes in milk and pathological changes in udder tissues. Depressed immunity and higher expression of inflammatory cytokines with an elevated milk somatic cell count can be observed during mastitis in dairy cattle. The use of somatic cell count (SCC) and somatic cell score (SCS) as correlated traits in the indirect selection of animals against mastitis resistance is in progress globally. Traditional breeding for mastitis resistance seems difficult because of the low heritability (0.10-0.16) of SCC/SCS and clinical mastitis. Thus, genetic-marker-selective breeding to improve host genetics has attracted considerable attention worldwide. Moreover, genomic selection has been found to be an effective and fast method of screening for dairy cattle that are genetically resistant and susceptible to mastitis at a very early age. The current review discusses and summarizes the candidate gene approach using polymorphisms in immune- and inflammation-linked genes (CD4, CD14, CD46, TRAPPC9, JAK2, Tf, Lf, TLRs, CXCL8, CXCR1, CXCR2, C4A, C5, MASP2, MBL1, MBL2, LBP, NCF1, NCF4, MASP2, A2M, and CLU, etc.) and their related signaling pathways (Staphylococcus aureus infection signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor, and Complement and coagulation cascades, etc.) associated with mastitis resistance and susceptibility phenotypic traits (IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL17, IL8, SCS, and SCC) in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproduction Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Adnan Khan
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Clinical Mastits Incidence In Small-Scale Dairy Cow Farms. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2023-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The incidence of clinical mastitis (CM) in small and large-scale dairy cow farms can be highly variable and can be affected by age, parity, post-calving status, and atmospheric conditions. The current study aimed to assess the CM-incidence and its association with the post-calving days, number of lactations, season, and number of affected udder quarters in dairy cows in small-scale dairy farms. The study was conducted within one calendar year in 177 small-scale farms with 864 dairy cows. Clinically confirmed CM cows (n=72) were sampled from each udder quarter and processed for bacteriology examination. The CM-positive samples were grouped according to the season (spring, summer, autumn, and winter), the number of days after calving (<90, 90-180, and >180), the number of lactations (1-st, 2-5-th, and >6-th), and the number of affected udder quarters (one, two, three, and four). The CM-positive samples (n=72, 8.3%) were confirmed on bacteriology examination in significantly lower count (n=56, 6.5%). The 2-5-th lactations cows (n=35, 68.6%) were significantly more compared to the first lactation (n=6, 11.8%), and >6-th lactation cows (n=10, 19.6%). CM cows with infection of one udder quarter (n=40, 78.4%) were significantly more than the cows with two (n=6, 11.8%), and four infected quarters (n=5, 9.8%). The CM-incidence in small-scale dairy cow farms in North Macedonia was 8.3% and 6.5% by clinical and bacteriology examination, respectively. The highest CM susceptibility was observed in the cows between the second and fifth lactations. One udder quarter was most frequently affected in CM-positive cases.
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Taban Q, Ahmad SM, Mumtaz PT, Bhat B, Haq E, Magray S, Saleem S, Shabir N, Muhee A, Kashoo ZA, Zargar MH, Malik AA, Ganai NA, Shah RA. Scavenger receptor B1 facilitates the endocytosis of Escherichia coli via TLR4 signaling in mammary gland infection. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:3. [PMID: 36604713 PMCID: PMC9813905 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SCARB1 belongs to class B of Scavenger receptors (SRs) that are known to be involved in binding and endocytosis of various pathogens. SRs have emerging role in regulating innate immunity and host-pathogen interactions by acting in co-ordination with Toll-like receptors.Query Little is known about the function of SCARB1 in milk-derived mammary epithelial cells (MECs). This study reports the role of SCARB1 in infection and its potential association in TLR4 signaling on bacterial challenge in Goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). The novelty in the establishment of MEC culture lies in the method that aims to enhance the viability of the cells with intact characteristics upto a higher passage number. We represent MEC culture to be used as a potential infection model for deeper understanding of animal physiology especially around the mammary gland. On E.coli challenge the expression of SCARB1 was significant in induced GMECs at 6 h. Endoribonuclease-esiRNA based silencing of SCARB1 affects the expression of TLR4 and its pathways i.e. MyD88 and TRIF pathways on infection. Knockdown also affected the endocytosis of E.coli in GMECs demonstrating that E.coli uses SCARB1 function to gain entry in cells. Furthermore, we predict 3 unique protein structures of uncharacterized SCARB1 (Capra hircus) protein. Overall, we highlight SCARB1 as a main participant in host defence and its function in antibacterial advances to check mammary gland infections. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Taban
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India ,grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Peerzada Tajamul Mumtaz
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| | - Basharat Bhat
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Ehtishamul Haq
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Suhail Magray
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Sahar Saleem
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Nadeem Shabir
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Amatul Muhee
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Zahid Amin Kashoo
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Mahrukh Hameed Zargar
- grid.414739.c0000 0001 0174 2901Department of Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Abrar A. Malik
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Nazir A. Ganai
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Riaz A. Shah
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
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Mastitis: Impact of Dry Period, Pathogens, and Immune Responses on Etiopathogenesis of Disease and its Association with Periparturient Diseases. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland initiated by pathogenic bacteria. In fact, mastitis is the second most important reason for the culling of cows from dairy herds, after infertility. In this review we focus on various forms of mastitis, including subclinical and clinical mastitis. We also stress the importance of the dry-off period as an important time when pathogenic bacteria might start their insult to the mammary gland. An important part of the review is the negative effects of mastitis on milk production and composition, as well as economic consequences for dairy farms. The two most important groups of bacteria that are involved in infection of the udder, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, are also discussed. Although all cows have both innate and adaptive immunity against most pathogens, some are more susceptible to the disease than others. That is why we summarize the most important components of innate and adaptive immunity so that the reader understands the specific immune responses of the udder to pathogenic bacteria. One of the most important sections of this review is interrelationship of mastitis with other diseases, especially retained placenta, metritis and endometritis, ketosis, and laminitis. Is mastitis the cause or the consequence of this disease? Finally, the review concludes with treatment and preventive approaches to mastitis.
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Xu R, Shandilya UK, Yiannikouris A, Karrow NA. Traditional and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins disrupt homeostasis of bovine mammary cells by altering cell permeability and innate immune function. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:388-397. [PMID: 36733782 PMCID: PMC9883199 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
High incidence of traditional and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins in cereal grains and silages can be a potential threat to feed safety and ruminants. Inadequate biodegradation of Fusarium mycotoxins by rumen microflora following ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated feeds can lead to their circulatory transport to target tissues such as mammary gland. The bovine udder plays a pivotal role in maintaining milk yield and composition, thus, human health. However, toxic effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on bovine mammary gland are rarely studied. In this study, the bovine mammary epithelial cell line was used as an in-vitro model of bovine mammary epithelium to investigate effects of deoxynivalenol (DON), enniatin B (ENB) and beauvericin (BEA) on bovine mammary gland homeostasis. Results indicated that exposure to DON, ENB and BEA for 48 h significantly decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.001). Exposure to DON at 0.39 μmol/L and BEA at 2.5 μmol/L for 48 h also decreased paracellular flux of FITC-40 kDa dextran (P < 0.05), whereas none of the mycotoxins affected transepithelial electrical resistance after 48 h exposure. The qPCR was performed for assessment of expression of gene coding tight junction (TJ) proteins, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cytokines after 4, 24 and 48 h of exposure. DON, ENB and BEA significantly upregulated the TJ protein zonula occludens-1, whereas markedly downregulated claudin 3 (P < 0.05). Exposure to DON at 1.35 μmol/L for 4 h significantly increased expression of occludin (P < 0.01). DON, ENB and BEA significant downregulated TLR4 (P < 0.05). In contrast, ENB markedly increased expression of cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-a) (P < 0.05) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (P < 0.01). BEA significantly upregulated IL- 6 (P < 0.001) and TGF-β (P = 0.01), but downregulated TNF-α (P < 0.001). These results suggest that DON, ENB and BEA can disrupt mammary gland homeostasis by inducing cell death as well as altering its paracellular permeability and expression of genes involved in innate immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Umesh K. Shandilya
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexandros Yiannikouris
- Alltech Inc., Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada,Corresponding author.
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Narayana SG, de Jong E, Schenkel FS, Fonseca PA, Chud TC, Powel D, Wachoski-Dark G, Ronksley PE, Miglior F, Orsel K, Barkema HW. Underlying genetic architecture of resistance to mastitis in dairy cattle: A systematic review and gene prioritization analysis of genome-wide association studies. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:323-351. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Zemanova M, Langova L, Novotná I, Dvorakova P, Vrtkova I, Havlicek Z. Immune mechanisms, resistance genes, and their roles in the prevention of mastitis in dairy cows. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:371-384. [PMID: 36415759 PMCID: PMC9673033 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-371-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most important diseases of the mammary gland. The increased incidence of this disease in cows is due to the breeding of dairy cattle for higher yields, which is accompanied by an increased susceptibility to mastitis. Therefore, the difficulty involved with preventing this disease has increased. An integral part of current research is the elimination of mastitis in order to reduce the consumption of antibiotic drugs, thereby reducing the resistance of microorganisms and decreasing companies' economic losses due to mastitis (i.e. decreased milk yield, increased drug costs, and reduced milk supply). Susceptibility to mastitis is based on dairy cows' immunity, health, nutrition, and welfare. Thus, it is important to understand the immune processes in the body in order to increase the resistance of animals. Recently, various studies have focused on the selection of mastitis resistance genes. An important point is also the prevention of mastitis. This publication aims to describe the physiology of the mammary gland along with its immune mechanisms and to approximate their connection with potential mastitis resistance genes. This work describes various options for mastitis elimination and focuses on genetic selection and a closer specification of resistance genes to mastitis. Among the most promising resistance genes for mastitis, we consider CD14, CXCR1, lactoferrin, and lactoglobulin.
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Rainard P, Gilbert FB, Germon P. Immune defenses of the mammary gland epithelium of dairy ruminants. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031785. [PMID: 36341445 PMCID: PMC9634088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelium of the mammary gland (MG) fulfills three major functions: nutrition of progeny, transfer of immunity from mother to newborn, and its own defense against infection. The defense function of the epithelium requires the cooperation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) with intraepithelial leucocytes, macrophages, DCs, and resident lymphocytes. The MG is characterized by the secretion of a large amount of a nutrient liquid in which certain bacteria can proliferate and reach a considerable bacterial load, which has conditioned how the udder reacts against bacterial invasions. This review presents how the mammary epithelium perceives bacteria, and how it responds to the main bacterial genera associated with mastitis. MECs are able to detect the presence of actively multiplying bacteria in the lumen of the gland: they express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) released by the growing bacteria. Interactions with intraepithelial leucocytes fine-tune MECs responses. Following the onset of inflammation, new interactions are established with lymphocytes and neutrophils recruited from the blood. The mammary epithelium also identifies and responds to antigens, which supposes an antigen-presenting capacity. Its responses can be manipulated with drugs, plant extracts, probiotics, and immune modifiers, in order to increase its defense capacities or reduce the damage related to inflammation. Numerous studies have established that the mammary epithelium is a genuine effector of both innate and adaptive immunity. However, knowledge gaps remain and newly available tools offer the prospect of exciting research to unravel and exploit the multiple capacities of this particular epithelium.
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Mastitis: What It Is, Current Diagnostics, and the Potential of Metabolomics to Identify New Predictive Biomarkers. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periparturient diseases continue to be the greatest challenge to both farmers and dairy cows. They are associated with a decrease in productivity, lower profitability, and a negative impact on cows’ health as well as public health. This review article discusses the pathophysiology and diagnostic opportunities of mastitis, the most common disease of dairy cows. To better understand the disease, we dive deep into the causative agents, traditional paradigms, and the use of new technologies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mastitis. This paper takes a systems biology approach by highlighting the relationship of mastitis with other diseases and introduces the use of omics sciences, specifically metabolomics and its analytical techniques. Concluding, this review is backed up by multiple studies that show how earlier identification of mastitis through predictive biomarkers can benefit the dairy industry and improve the overall animal health.
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27
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Neurophysiology of Milk Ejection and Prestimulation in Dairy Buffaloes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192649. [PMID: 36230390 PMCID: PMC9559521 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to integrate the anatomical characteristics of the mammary gland and the neurophysiology of milk ejection to understand the milking capacity of the water buffalo. Since one of the main uses of this species is milk production, this article will analyze the controversies on the use of oxytocin as a stimulant during milking as well as the existing alternatives that farmers apply to promote correct stimulation during milk letdown. According to the available literature, the efficiency of the milking process, the quality of the milk, and the health of the animals are elements that require the consideration of species-specific characteristics to enhance the performance of buffaloes. The incorporation of technological innovations and competitive strategies could contribute to a better understanding of water buffalo in the milk industry.
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28
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Ochratoxin A and Citrinin Differentially Modulate Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Permeability and Innate Immune Function. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090640. [PMID: 36136578 PMCID: PMC9502480 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent detection of mycotoxins ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) in ruminant feed and feedstuff can be a potential threat to feed safety, animal performance and health. Ineffective biodegradation of these mycotoxins by rumen microflora following ingestion of contaminated feeds can lead to their circulatory transport to tissues such as mammary gland as the result of their biodistribution throughout the body. The bovine mammary epithelium plays a pivotal role in maintaining milk yield and composition and contributes to innate immune defense of the udder. The present study is the first to investigate individual effects of OTA and CIT on barrier and innate immune functions of the bovine mammary epithelium using a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). Results indicated that OTA and CIT exposure for 48 h significantly decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). A decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and increase in paracellular flux of FITC-40 kDa dextran was significantly induced by OTA treatment (p < 0.05), but not by CIT after 48 h exposure. qPCR was performed for assessment of expression of tight-junction proteins, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cytokines after 4, 24 and 48 h of exposure. Both OTA and CIT markedly downregulated expression of claudin 3 and occludin (p < 0.05), whereas CIT did not affect zonula occludens-1 expression. Expression of TLR4 was significantly upregulated by OTA (p < 0.001) but downregulated by CIT (p < 0.05) at 48 h. Expression of IL-6, TNF-a and TGF-β was significantly upregulated by OTA (p < 0.05), whereas IL-6 and TGF-β expression was downregulated by CIT (p < 0.01). These results suggest that OTA and CIT could potentially differentially modulate barrier and innate immune functions of mammary epithelium. The present study not only throws light on the individual toxicity of each mycotoxin on bovine mammary epithelium but also lays the foundation for future studies on the combined effects of the two mycotoxins.
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29
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Genome-wide post-transcriptional regulation of bovine mammary gland response to Streptococcus uberis. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:771-782. [PMID: 36066834 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as post-transcriptionally regulators of gene expression have been shown to be critical regulators to fine-tuning immune responses, besides their criteria for being an ideal biomarker. The regulatory role of miRNAs in responses to most mastitis-causing pathogens is not well understood. Gram-positive Streptococcus uberis (Str. uberis), the leading pathogen in dairy herds, cause both clinical and subclinical infections. In this study, a system biology approach was used to better understand the main post-transcriptional regulatory functions and elements of bovine mammary gland response to Str. uberis infection. Publicly available miRNA-Seq data containing 50 milk samples of the ten dairy cows (five controls and five infected) were retrieved for this current research. Functional enrichment analysis of predicted targets revealed that highly confident responsive miRNAs (4 up- and 19 downregulated) mainly regulate genes involved in the regulation of transcription, apoptotic process, regulation of cell adhesion, and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Time series analysis showed that six gene clusters significantly differed in comparisons between Str. uberis-induced samples with controls. Additionally, other bioinformatic analysis, including upstream network analysis, showed essential genes, including TP53 and TGFB1 and some small molecules, including glucose, curcumin, and LPS, commonly regulate most of the downregulated miRNAs. Upregulated miRNAs are commonly controlled by the most important genes, including IL1B, NEAT1, DICER1 enzyme and small molecules including estradiol, tamoxifen, estrogen, LPS, and epigallocatechin. Our study used results of next-generation sequencing to reveal key miRNAs as the main regulator of gene expression responses to a Gram-positive bacterial infection. Furthermore, by gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis, we can introduce the common upregulator transcription factor of these miRNAs. Such milk-based miRNA signature(s) would facilitate risk stratification for large-scale prevention programs and provide an opportunity for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.
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30
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Oyelami FO, Usman T, Suravajhala P, Ali N, Do DN. Emerging Roles of Noncoding RNAs in Bovine Mastitis Diseases. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091009. [PMID: 36145441 PMCID: PMC9501195 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an abundant class of RNA with varying nucleotide lengths. They have been shown to have great potential in eutherians/human disease diagnosis and treatments and are now gaining more importance for the improvement of diseases in livestock. To date, thousands of ncRNAs have been discovered in the bovine genome and the continuous advancement in deep sequencing technologies and various bioinformatics tools has enabled the elucidation of their roles in bovine health. Among farm animals' diseases, mastitis, a common inflammatory disease in cattle, has caused devastating economic losses to dairy farmers over the last few decades. Here, we summarize the biology of bovine mastitis and comprehensively discuss the roles of ncRNAs in different types of mastitis infection. Based on our findings and relevant literature, we highlighted various evidence of ncRNA roles in mastitis. Different approaches (in vivo versus in vitro) for exploring ncRNA roles in mastitis are emphasized. More particularly, the potential applications of emerging genome editing technologies, as well as integrated omics platforms for ncRNA studies and implications for mastitis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favour Oluwapelumi Oyelami
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Tahir Usman
- College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, KP, Pakistan
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana 690525, Kerala, India
| | - Nawab Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, KP, Pakistan
| | - Duy N. Do
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Viet Nam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-9029578789
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Farschtschi S, Riedmaier-Sprenzel I, Phomvisith O, Gotoh T, Pfaffl MW. The successful use of -omic technologies to achieve the 'One Health' concept in meat producing animals. Meat Sci 2022; 193:108949. [PMID: 36029570 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human health and wellbeing are closely linked to healthy domestic animals, a vital wildlife, and an intact ecosystem. This holistic concept is referred to as 'One Health'. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential and the challenges for the use of modern -omics technologies, especially transcriptomics and proteomics, to implement the 'One Health' idea for food-producing animals. These high-throughput studies offer opportunities to find new potential molecular biomarkers to monitor animal health, detect pharmacological interventions and evaluate the wellbeing of farm animals in modern intensive livestock systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Farschtschi
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Irmgard Riedmaier-Sprenzel
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Eurofins Medigenomix Forensik GmbH, Anzinger Straße 7a, 85560 Ebersberg, Germany
| | - Ouanh Phomvisith
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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32
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Goulart DB, Mellata M. Escherichia coli Mastitis in Dairy Cattle: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Challenges. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:928346. [PMID: 35875575 PMCID: PMC9301288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder tissue parenchyma that causes pathological changes in the glandular tissue and abnormalities in milk leading to significant economic losses to the dairy industry across the world. Mammary pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli (MPEC) is one of the main etiologic agents of acute clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. MPEC strains have virulence attributes to resist the host innate defenses and thrive in the mammary gland environment. The association between specific virulence factors of MPEC with the severity of mastitis in cattle is not fully understood. Furthermore, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat mastitis has resulted in antimicrobial resistance to all major antibiotic classes in MPEC. A thorough understanding of MPEC’s pathogenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is required to develop better interventions to reduce mastitis incidence and prevalence in cattle and the environment. This review compiles important information on mastitis caused by MPEC (e.g., types of mastitis, host immune response, diagnosis, treatment, and control of the disease) as well as the current knowledge on MPEC virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, and the dilemma of MPEC as a new pathotype. The information provided in this review is critical to identifying gaps in knowledge that will guide future studies to better design diagnostic, prevent, and develop therapeutic interventions for this significant dairy disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Brito Goulart
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Débora Brito Goulart,
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Melha Mellata,
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Chen L, Liu X, Li Z, Wang J, Tian R, Zhang H. Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome mRNA and miRNA Profiles Reveals Self-Protective Mechanism of Bovine MECs Induced by LPS. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:890043. [PMID: 35812870 PMCID: PMC9260119 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.890043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the molecular crosstalk between mastitis-pathogens and cows by either miRNA or mRNA profiles. Here, we employed both miRNA and mRNA profiles to understand the mechanisms of the response of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by RNA-Seq. The total expression level of miRNAs increased while mRNAs reduced after LPS treatment. About 41 differentially expressed mRNAs and 45 differentially expressed miRNAs involved in inflammation were screened out. We found the NFκB-dependent chemokine, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL6, IL8, and CX3CL1 to be strongly induced. The anti-apoptosis was active because BCL2A1 and BIRC3 significantly increased with a higher expression. The effects of anti-microbe and inflammation were weakly activated because TNF, IL1, CCL20, CFB, S100A, MMP9, and NOS2A significantly increased but with a low expression, IL6 and β-defensin decreased. These activities were supervised by the NFKBIA to avoid excessive damage to bMECs. The bta-let-7a-5p, bta-miR-30a-5p, bta-miR-125b, and bta-miR-100 were essential to regulate infection process in bMECs after LPS induction. Moreover, the lactation potential of bMECs was undermined due to significantly downregulated SOSTDC1, WNT7B, MSX1, and bta-miR-2425-5p. In summary, bMECs may not be good at going head-to-head with the pathogens; they seem to be mainly charged with sending out signals for help and anti-apoptosis for maintaining lives after LPS induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- School of Modern Agriculture and Biotechnology, Ankang University, Ankang, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolin Liu
| | - Zhixiong Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Modern Agriculture and Biotechnology, Ankang University, Ankang, China
| | - Rongfu Tian
- School of Modern Agriculture and Biotechnology, Ankang University, Ankang, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Leroux C, Pawlowski K, Billa PA, Pires JA, Faulconnier Y. Milk fat globules as a source of microRNAs for mastitis detection. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Merlot E, Meunier-Salaün MC, Peuteman B, Père MC, Louveau I, Perruchot MH, Prunier A, Gardan-Salmon D, Gondret F, Quesnel H. Improving maternal welfare during gestation has positive outcomes on neonatal survival and modulates offspring immune response in pigs. Physiol Behav 2022; 249:113751. [PMID: 35217067 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Improving the housing of pregnant sows by giving them more space and access to deep straw had positive effects on their welfare, influenced their maternal behavior and improved the survival of their offspring. The present study aimed at determining whether these effects were actually due to environmental enrichment and whether the provision of straw pellets and wood can partly mimic the effects of straw bedding during gestation. Three graded levels of enrichment were used, that were, collective conventional pens on slatted floor (C, n = 26), the same pens with manipulable wood materials and distribution of straw pellets after the meals (CE, n = 30), and larger pens on deep straw litter (E, n = 27). Sows were then housed in identical farrowing crates from 105 days of gestation until weaning. Decreased stereotypies, blood neutrophils, and salivary cortisol, and increased behavioral investigation indicated that health and welfare of sows during gestation were improved in the E environment compared with the C environment. The CE sows responded as C or E sows depending on the trait. Piglet mortality rate in the first 12 h after birth was lower in E and CE litters than in C litters, but enrichment level during gestation had only small effects on lactating sow behavior and milk composition postpartum. On days 2 and 3 of lactation, E sows interrupted less often their nursing sequences than C and CE sows. On day 2, milk from both E and CE sows contained more minerals than that from C sows. In one-day-old piglets, the expression levels of genes encoding toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4) and cytokines (interleukin-1, -6 and -10) in whole blood after 20-h culture, were greater in E piglets than in CE or C piglets. In conclusion, housing sows in an enriched environment during gestation improved early neonatal survival, probably via moderate and cumulative positive effects on sow behavior, milk composition, and offspring innate immune response. The gradation in the effects observed in C, CE and E housing environment reinforced the hypothesis of a causal relationship between maternal environmental enrichment, sow welfare and postnatal piglet traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Merlot
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590, Saint Gilles, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hélène Quesnel
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590, Saint Gilles, France
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36
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Yin B, Umar T, Ma X, Chen Y, Umar Z, Umer S, Deng G. Andrograpanin mitigates lipopolysaccharides induced endometritis via TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Progress towards the Elusive Mastitis Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020296. [PMID: 35214754 PMCID: PMC8876843 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a major problem in dairy farming. Vaccine prevention of mammary bacterial infections is of particular interest in helping to deal with this issue, all the more so as antibacterial drug inputs in dairy farms must be reduced. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of current vaccines is not satisfactory. In this review, we examine the possible reasons for the current shortcomings of mastitis vaccines. Some reasons stem from the peculiarities of the mammary gland immunobiology, others from the pathogens adapted to the mammary gland niche. Infection does not induce sterilizing protection, and recurrence is common. Efficacious vaccines will have to elicit immune mechanisms different from and more effective than those induced by infection. We propose focusing our research on a few points pertaining to either the current immune knowledge or vaccinology approaches to get out of the current deadlock. A possible solution is to focus on the contribution of cell-mediated immunity to udder protection based on the interactions of T cells with the mammary epithelium. On the vaccinology side, studies on the orientation of the immune response by adjuvants, the route of vaccine administration and the delivery systems are among the keys to success.
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Park J, An G, Lim W, Song G. Aclonifen induces bovine mammary gland epithelial cell death by disrupting calcium homeostasis and inducing ROS production. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 181:105011. [PMID: 35082034 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides play key roles in agriculture. Aclonifen is a diphenyl ether herbicide that is widely used for sunflower, potato, corn, and wheat crops. Since it has a long half-life, it is considered persistent and can easily accumulate in the environment. Therefore, livestock and humans are at risk of exposure to aclonifen. Importantly, aclonifen is toxic to several mammals such as rats, mice, and dogs. However, the toxicity of aclonifen in cattle remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to investigate its toxicity in cattle using bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (MAC-T). We found that aclonifen induces sub-G1 phase arrest and represses MAC-T proliferation. In addition, aclonifen caused mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by excessive ROS production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium homeostases were disrupted after aclonifen treatment. Moreover, aclonifen treatment caused alterations in the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, which are involved in the regulation of cell survival and death. In conclusion, aclonifen causes MAC-T cell death through mitochondrial dysfunction and the collapse of calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Shinozuka Y, Suzuki N, Kaneko S, Kawai K, Kurumisawa T, Shimizu Y, Imanishi T, Ohno A, Takahashi M, Isobe N. Regression tree analysis of the relationship between the concentrations of antimicrobial components and the microbiota of normal milk from dairy cows. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:310-318. [PMID: 35046240 PMCID: PMC8983300 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of antimicrobial components (immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin (LF), lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), and S100A7) in normal milk and their relation to host factors (Age, somatic cell count (SCC), days in milk, richness, and alpha diversity of the milk microbiota) in dairy cows using multivariate regression tree analyses, and to clarify how the milk microbiota is related to the obtained results. Thirty normal milk samples were collected from a commercial dairy farm in June 2020. The thresholds that predicted the concentration of each antimicrobial component in milk were obtained by regression tree analysis, and the beta-diversity of the milk microbiota composition between groups divided according to each threshold was compared by an analysis of similarities test. The IgA and LF concentrations were mainly predicted by the SCC (177,500 and 70,000 cells/ml, respectively), and the LAP and S100A7 concentrations were predicted by Age (29.667 and 40.3 months, respectively). No relationship was observed between the concentration of IgA, LAP, or S100A7 and the milk microbiota composition between the groups divided by the threshold for prediction, but the milk microbiota composition was significantly different between the groups divided by the threshold for predicting the LF concentration. Our results indicated that the LF concentration in normal milk may be associated with the milk microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Shinozuka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University.,Azabu University Mastitis Research Center
| | - Naoki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University
| | | | - Kazuhiro Kawai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University.,Azabu University Mastitis Research Center
| | - Tomomi Kurumisawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University.,Azabu University Mastitis Research Center
| | | | - Tadashi Imanishi
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Ayumu Ohno
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Mano Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Naoki Isobe
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University
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40
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Cattaneo L, Mezzetti M, Lopreiato V, Piccioli-Cappelli F, Trevisi E, Minuti A. Gene network expression of whole blood leukocytes in dairy cows with different milk yield at dry-off. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260745. [PMID: 34882732 PMCID: PMC8659302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows at dry-off undergo several management and physiological changes, resulting in alterations in plasma biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune system. High milk yield at the end of lactation exacerbates these responses. The underlying mechanism of these changes has yet to be elucidated. We hypothesized altered leukocyte gene expression after dry-off and different responses in cows with different milk yield. Thirteen Holstein dairy cows were sampled at the turn of dry-off to investigated whole blood leukocyte gene expression and were grouped according to the average milk yield during the last week of lactation: low (< 15 kg/d) and high milk yield (> 15 kg/d). Blood samples were collected in PAXgene tubes (Preanalytix, Hombrechtikon, Switzerland) at -7, 7, and 34 days from dry-off (DFD) to measure mRNA abundance of 37 genes. Normalized gene abundance data were subjected to MIXED model ANOVA (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Compared with -7 DFD, at 7 DFD RNA abundance of lipoxygenase genes (ALOX5, ALOX15) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) increased, and that of the antioxidant gene (SOD2) decreased. Meanwhile, genes related to recognition and immune mediation (CD16, MYD88, TLR2), migration and cell adhesion (CX3CR1, ITGAL, ITGB2, TLN1), and the antimicrobial gene MMP9 were downregulated at 7 or 34 DFD, whereas the antimicrobial IDO1 gene was upregulated. Compared with low-producing cows, cows with high milk yield at dry-off cows had upregulated expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL8 and IL18 and a greater reduction in transcript abundance of the toll-like receptor (TLR) recognition-related gene TLR2. Overall, the dry-off confirmed to be a phase of intense changes, triggering an inflammatory response and somewhat suppressing leukocyte immune function. In cows with high milk yield during the week before dry-off, the inflammatory response was exacerbated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cattaneo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for sustainable dairy production (CREI), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Matteo Mezzetti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for sustainable dairy production (CREI), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for sustainable dairy production (CREI), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Piccioli-Cappelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for sustainable dairy production (CREI), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for sustainable dairy production (CREI), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea Minuti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for sustainable dairy production (CREI), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Nagahata H, Kine M, Watanabe H, Tanaka A, Takahashi A, Gondaira S, Higuchi H. Somatic cell and innate immune responses in mammary glands of lactating cows to intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve at pre-drying off period. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1845-1851. [PMID: 34645724 PMCID: PMC8762427 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve)-induced
somatic cell (SC) counts, chemiluminescent response (CL), lactoferrin (LF) concentrations
and mastitis-causing pathogens from quarters with subclinical mastitis were measured to
evaluate innate immune response of mammary glands in dairy cows at 3 to 4 weeks before
drying off. SC counts in 7 quarters of 7 control cows and 5 quarters of 6 cows with
mastitis increased markedly on day 1 and SC values in control cows were significantly
(P<0.05) increased and returned to pre-infusion levels on day 5
after B. breve-infusion. CL values in both groups increased markedly on
day 1 and then decreased after B. breve-infusion; however, CL values in
cows with mastitis did not return to normal levels on day 5 and at postpartum. The CL
values were highly correlated with their SC counts in milk from both groups. LF
concentrations increased toward day 3 after B. breve-infusion and were
higher in cows with mastitis. B. breve-infusion eliminated 16.6% (1/6) of
pathogens from 6 quarters with chronic subclinical mastitis. B.
breve-induced SC responses in quarters from 3 cows with mastitis showed
characteristic patterns of recovery, persistent and new infections. B.
breve-induced SC counts in quarters from the cows in the pre-drying off were
lower (25.7–70.6%) than those of the cows in mid-lactation. The intrinsic innate immune
response in cows on pre-drying off may be decreased and appears to be insufficient to
eliminate pathogens from mammary gland in the pre-drying off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nagahata
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Mari Kine
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori 582, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hisato Watanabe
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori 582, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Ai Tanaka
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori 582, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Aoi Takahashi
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori 582, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gondaira
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori 582, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori 582, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Luoreng ZM, Wei DW, Wang XP. MiR-125b regulates inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells by targeting the NKIRAS2 gene. Vet Res 2021; 52:122. [PMID: 34535180 PMCID: PMC8447609 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a complex inflammatory disease caused by pathogenic infection of mammary tissue in dairy cows. The molecular mechanism behind its occurrence, development, and regulation consists of a multi-gene network including microRNA (miRNA). Until now, there is no report on the role of miR-125b in regulating mastitis in dairy cows. This study found that miR-125b expression is significantly decreased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MAC-T bovine mammary epithelial cells. Also, its expression is negatively correlated with the expression of NF-κB inhibitor interacting Ras-like 2 (NKIRAS2) gene. MiR-125b target genes were identified using a double luciferase reporter gene assay, which showed that miR-125b can bind to the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of the NKIRAS2, but not the 3′UTR of the TNF-α induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3). In addition, miR-125b overexpression and silencing were used to investigate the role of miR-125b on inflammation in LPS-induced MAC-T. The results demonstrate that a reduction in miR-125b expression in LPS-induced MAC-T cells increases NKIRAS2 expression, which then reduces NF-κB activity, leading to low expression of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. Ultimately, this reduces the inflammatory response in MAC-T cells. These results indicate that miR-125b is a pro-inflammatory regulator and that its silencing can alleviate bovine mastitis. These findings lay a foundation for elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of cow mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Da-Wei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xing-Ping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
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43
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Ranasinghe RMSBK, Deshapriya RMC, Abeygunawardana DI, Rahularaj R, Dematawewa CMB. Subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in major milk-producing areas of Sri Lanka: Prevalence, associated risk factors, and effects on reproduction. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12900-12911. [PMID: 34482972 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Compared with clinical mastitis, the subclinical form of mastitis (SCM) is more common and thought to cause more economic losses to the dairy industry. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors of SCM, and effects on reproduction of dairy cows in major milk-producing areas of Sri Lanka. A total of 1,357 cows of selected farms in 3 regions were examined in the study. California Mastitis Test was conducted for individual cows, and a score of 2 or more for any quarter without any clinical symptoms and abnormalities in milk was considered as positive for SCM. Samples from infected animals were collected and subjected to bacteriological analysis. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on individual cows and herds. Risk factors associated with SCM were analyzed using binary logistic regression in generalized linear mixed models. The effect of SCM on calving to conception interval and days from calving to artificial insemination were analyzed by survival analysis using Cox's proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier survival function estimates, respectively. A Poisson regression model was run to determine the effect of SCM on number of artificial inseminations per conception. The prevalence of SCM was 57.5, 11.8, and 45.5% in the regions A, B, and C, respectively. The most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus, with 87.1, 56.5, and 92.3% in the regions A, B, and C, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that parity, farming system, milking area, region, and herd significantly affect the prevalence of SCM. Subclinical mastitis during the pre-breeding period was associated with 14% increase in the chance of having a greater number of artificial inseminations per conception. Likewise, median days from calving to artificial insemination was longer in cows with SCM compared with normal cows (79 and 64 d, respectively). Therefore, SCM affected the inseminated proportion of studied cows. However, SCM was not associated with the calving to conception interval. The results revealed that the cow factors and milk hygiene play a significant role in the prevalence of SCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M S B K Ranasinghe
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | - R M C Deshapriya
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - D I Abeygunawardana
- Department of Livestock and Avian Sciences, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila (NWP), 60170, Sri Lanka
| | - R Rahularaj
- Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - C M B Dematawewa
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
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Purba FY, Ishimoto Y, Nii T, Yoshimura Y, Isobe N. Effect of temporary cessation of milking on the innate immune components in goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10374-10381. [PMID: 34218919 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Temporary cessation of milking is widely used during the dry period of dairy cows. Temporary cessation of milking induces an increase in the somatic cell count (SCC) and level of several inflammatory components of milk, which is believed to be a local adaptation and defense mechanism of the mammary gland. In Japan, temporary cessation of milking combined with antibiotic administration is widely used to treat mastitis. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of the innate immune system during temporary cessation of milking in a goat model by investigating the concentration of several innate immune components in milk during and around the temporary cessation. In experiment 1, 6 goats were subjected to cessation of milking for 3 d in both udder halves, whereas in experiment 2, 6 other goats were subjected to cessation of milking for 3 d only in 1 udder half. In experiment 1, the milk yield was lower on d 5 and 6, whereas the mean SCC was higher on d 5 compared with d 0 before temporary milking cessation. The concentrations of goat DEFB1, S100A7, cathelicidin-2 and 7 (CATHL-2 and 7), IgA, and lactoferrin were increased after temporary cessation of milking. In experiment 2, the milk yield was lower between d 5 and 7, whereas the mean SCC was higher between d 4 and 7 compared with d 0. The concentrations of CATHL-2, IgA, and lactoferrin were increased after temporary cessation of milking only in the udder half subjected to milking cessation. These results suggest that temporary cessation of milking increase the SCC and concentration of several innate immune components in milk without infection, which may contribute to mastitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fika Yuliza Purba
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan; Veterinary Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Yoshihisa Ishimoto
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Naoki Isobe
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
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Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. Bovine Immunology: Implications for Dairy Cattle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643206. [PMID: 34267745 PMCID: PMC8276037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing world population (7.8 billion) exerts an increased pressure on the cattle industry amongst others. Intensification and expansion of milk and beef production inevitably leads to increased risk of infectious disease spread and exacerbation. This indicates that improved understanding of cattle immune function is needed to provide optimal tools to combat the existing and future pathogens and improve food security. While dairy and beef cattle production is easily the world's most important agricultural industry, there are few current comprehensive reviews of bovine immunobiology. High-yielding dairy cattle and their calves are more vulnerable to various diseases leading to shorter life expectancy and reduced environmental fitness. In this manuscript, we seek to fill this paucity of knowledge and provide an up-to-date overview of immune function in cattle emphasizing the unresolved challenges and most urgent needs in rearing dairy calves. We will also discuss how the combination of available preventative and treatment strategies and herd management practices can maintain optimal health in dairy cows during the transition (periparturient) period and in neonatal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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El-Deeb W, Fayez M, Alhumam N, Elsohaby I, Quadri SA, Mkrtchyan H. The effect of staphylococcal mastitis including resistant strains on serum procalcitonin, neopterin, acute phase response and stress biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11511. [PMID: 34131523 PMCID: PMC8174151 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal mastitis (SM) is a frequent disease in the dairy cattle that is costly to treat. This study aimed to investigate the alterations in the levels of procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin (NPT), haptoglobin (HP), serum amyloid A (SAA), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ) and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows with SM under field conditions. In addition, we also evaluated the role of examined biomarkers in disease pathogenesis and their use as diagnostic biomarkers for the disease in dairy cows. Fifty-three dairy cows with SM, including those with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 42) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (n = 11) were selected for this study. In addition, 20 healthy dairy cows were enrolled as a control group. Higher serum levels of PCT, NP, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ, HP and SAA and a state of OS was detected in SM group in comparison with the controls. Moreover, the levels of all examined biomarkers in mastitic cows with S. aureus when compared with those infected with MRSA was not significantly different. All examined biomarkers demonstrated a significant degree of discrimination between SM cows and healthy controls (the area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 83.6 for SAA to 100 for PCT). Our study showed that SM in dairy cows was associated with substantial changes in serum PCT, NPT, Acute phase proteins (APPs), proinflammatory cytokines, and OS levels. This study demonstrates that clinical examination in tandem with quantification of PCT, NPT, APPs and cytokines, OS biomarkers could be a useful assessment tool for SM in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naser Alhumam
- Department of Microbiology and parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Sayed A. Quadri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hermine Mkrtchyan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
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Turk R, Rošić N, Kuleš J, Horvatić A, Gelemanovic A, Galen A, Ljubić BB, Benić M, Stevanović V, Mrljak V, Chadwick CC, Eckersall PD. Milk and serum proteomes in subclinical and clinical mastitis in Simmental cows. J Proteomics 2021; 244:104277. [PMID: 34044168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis causes changes in the milk and serum proteomes. Here changes in both proteomes caused by naturally occurring subclinical and clinical mastitis have been characterised and quantified. Milk and serum samples from healthy dairy cows (n = 10) were compared to those of cows with subclinical (n = 12) and clinical mastitis (n = 10) using tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics. Proteins that significantly increased or decreased in milk (n = 237) or serum (n = 117) were quantified and classified by the type of change in subclinical and clinical mastitis. A group of the proteins (n = 38) showed changes in both milk and serum a number of which decreased in the serum but increased in milk, suggesting a particular role in host defence for maintaining and restoring homeostasis during the disease. Proteins affected by bovine mastitis included proteins in host defence and coagulation pathways. Investigation of the modified proteomes in milk and serum was assessed by assays for haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and α1 acid glycoprotein validating the results obtained by quantitative proteomics. Alteration of abundance patterns of milk and serum proteins, together with pathway analysis reveal multiple interactions related to proteins affected by mastitis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD022595. SIGNIFICANCE: Mastitis is the most serious condition to affect dairy cows and leads to reduced animal welfare as well as having a negative economic effect for the dairy industry. Proteomics has previously identified changes in abundance of milk proteins during mastitis, but there have been few investigations addressing changes that may affect proteins in the blood during the infection. In this study, changes in the abundance of proteins of milk and serum, caused by naturally occurring mastitis have been characterised by proteomics using a quantitative approach and both subclinical and clinical cases of mastitis have been investigated. In both milk and serum, change in individual proteins was determined and classified into varying types of altering abundance, such as increasing in subclinical mastitis, but showing no further increase in clinical mastitis. Of special interest were the proteins that altered in abundance in both milk and serum which either showed similar trends - increasing or decreasing in both biological fluids or showed reciprocal change decreasing in serum but increasing in milk. As well as characterising proteins as potential markers of mastitis and the severity of the disease, these results provide insight into the pathophysiology of the host response to bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Turk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Rošić
- Veterinary Practice Jastrebarsko d.o.o, Trešnjevka 61, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia
| | - Josipa Kuleš
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Horvatić
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Asier Galen
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - B Beer Ljubić
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Benić
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta, 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Stevanović
- Department Of Microbiology And Infectious Diseases, With Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - P David Eckersall
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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Prediction of Streptococcus uberis clinical mastitis treatment success in dairy herds by means of mass spectrometry and machine-learning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7736. [PMID: 33833319 PMCID: PMC8032699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is one of the leading pathogens causing mastitis worldwide. Identification of S. uberis strains that fail to respond to treatment with antibiotics is essential for better decision making and treatment selection. We demonstrate that the combination of supervised machine learning and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry can discriminate strains of S. uberis causing clinical mastitis that are likely to be responsive or unresponsive to treatment. Diagnostics prediction systems trained on 90 individuals from 26 different farms achieved up to 86.2% and 71.5% in terms of accuracy and Cohen’s kappa. The performance was further increased by adding metadata (parity, somatic cell count of previous lactation and count of positive mastitis cases) to encoded MALDI-TOF spectra, which increased accuracy and Cohen’s kappa to 92.2% and 84.1% respectively. A computational framework integrating protein–protein networks and structural protein information to the machine learning results unveiled the molecular determinants underlying the responsive and unresponsive phenotypes.
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49
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Pirard B, Crèvecoeur S, Fall PA, Lausberg P, Taminiau B, Daube G. Potential resident bacterial microbiota in udder tissues of culled cows sampled in abattoir. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:369-372. [PMID: 33774534 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While mammary gland tissues (MGTs) are difficult to sample without risks for cow's health or milk production, milk analysis are used in routine to assess dairy cow udder's health. This study aimed to identify, quantify, compare the milk and MGTs microbiota of macroscopically healthy dairy bovine mammary glands (MG) in order to evaluate their degree of similarity. We harvested 13 couples of milk and MGTs samples, originated from the same quarter at culling. 16S rDNA Amplicon Sequencing was performed, showing Corynebacterium as the main bacterial genus in both types of samples but generally found in the milk in higher proportions than in tissues. Species evenness was higher in MGTs while species richness was higher in milk samples. Beta diversity was significantly different between both matrices suggesting the presence of a resident microbiota in MGTs of dairy cows at time of culling partially reflected by the milk microbiota from the same quarter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pirard
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département des Sciences des Denrées Alimentaires, Université de Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Sébastien Crèvecoeur
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département des Sciences des Denrées Alimentaires, Université de Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - Bernard Taminiau
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département des Sciences des Denrées Alimentaires, Université de Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département des Sciences des Denrées Alimentaires, Université de Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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New Insights into the Significance of PARP-1 Activation: Flow Cytometric Detection of Poly(ADP-Ribose) as a Marker of Bovine Intramammary Infection. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030599. [PMID: 33803196 PMCID: PMC8001672 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine intramammary infections are common diseases affecting dairy cattle worldwide and represent a major focus of veterinary research due to financial losses and food safety concerns. The identification of new biomarkers of intramammary infection, useful for monitoring the health of dairy cows and wellness verification, represents a key advancement having potential beneficial effects on public health. In vitro experiments using bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), stimulated with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enabled a flow cytometric assay in order to evaluate in vivo poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) levels. Results showed a significant increase of PAR after 1 h of treatment, which is consistent with the involvement of PARP activity in the inflammatory response. This study investigated PARP-1 activation in leukocyte subpopulations from bovine milk samples during udder infection. A flow cytometric assay was, therefore, performed to evaluate the PAR content in milk leukocyte subsets of cows with and without intramammary infection (IMI). Results showed that milk lymphocytes and macrophages isolated from cows with IMI had a significant increase of PAR content compared to uninfected samples. These results suggest mastitis as a new model for the study of the role of PARP in zoonotic inflammatory diseases, opening a new perspective to the "One Health" approach.
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