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Lai J, Lin H, Hsu P, Gondaira S, Higuchi H, Nagahata H. A novel polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of seven Mycoplasma species of cattle origin. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:128. [PMID: 35670874 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to develop a pair of polymerase chain reaction primers for detecting ruminant mycoplasma pathogens. We designed a set of primers based on the most similar sequences within 16 S rRNA regions of seven Mycoplasma spp. These primers have high sensitivity for detecting Mycoplasma dispar, M. arginine, M. canadense, M. bovis, M. alkalescens, M. californicum, and M. bovigenitalium within the annealing temperature range of 46 to 48 °C. The minimum amount of DNA that can be detected using the protocol is 250 ng, which is equivalent to 2,000 colony-forming units per mL. The primers can detect mycoplasma from DNA extracted directly from milk samples. The common bovine mastitis pathogens of Staphylococcus aureus coagulase-negative staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Kocuria rosea were not detected by the primers. We believe the high sensitivity and specificity of these primers make them useful for detecting infection with seven Mycoplasma species in ruminants, allowing the primers to be used in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyhmirn Lai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, National Chiayi University, 60004, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Hengching Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, National Chiayi University, 60004, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Peichuan Hsu
- Department of Early Childhood Educare, Tainan University of Technology, 710302, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Satoshi Gondaira
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Hajime Nagahata
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, 794-8555, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
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2
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Nohara M, Hisaeda K, Ono T, Inoue Y, Ogawa K, Hata A, Sibano K, Nagahata H, Fujitani N. The relationships between environmental parameters in livestock pen and physiological parameters of Holstein dairy cows. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:964-977. [PMID: 35650166 PMCID: PMC9353096 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increase in temperature and the incidence of extreme weather events, such as heat wave, due to global warming, which has promoted the incidence of livestock diseases.
Therefore, it is important to examine the effect of changes in environmental parameters on livestock performance. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between ambient
environmental conditions in livestock pen and the physiological parameters of Holstein dairy cows. The results showed that there was a decrease in the red blood cell counts, hemoglobin
concentrations, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of the cows with increasing pen temperature, wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), and temperature humidity index (THI).
Additionally, high daily variation in temperature caused a decrease in the serum albumin levels of the cows. Moreover, the lowest serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and magnesium
concentrations were observed in November, and were negatively correlated with the 24-hr temperature, WBGT, and THI range of the pen prior to sampling. Multiple regression analysis showed a
positive correlation between serum cortisol concentration and 24-hr WBGT range of the pen prior to samplings and packed cell volume. However, serum cortisol and total protein concentrations
were negatively correlated. Overall, the findings of the study suggest that large variation in temperature induced stress in the cows, which could be overcome by increased water consumption
and improved protein digestion and absorption by the animals, and the addition of minerals, such as calcium to the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Nohara
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Keiichi Hisaeda
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Tetsushi Ono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Yoichi Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Kouji Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Akihisa Hata
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Kenichi Sibano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Hajime Nagahata
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Noboru Fujitani
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
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Nagahata H, Fuse M, Umehara K, Gondaira S, Higuchi H, Hisaeda K, Kumano Y. Evaluation of the health status of mammary glands and compositional changes in udder-half milk obtained from dairy goats for milk quality management. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13714. [PMID: 35417054 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the health status of the mammary glands and milk composition of dairy goats. The California mastitis test (CMT) score, somatic cell counts (SCCs), somatic cell type, electrical conductivity (EC), N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity, mastitis-causing pathogens, and milk composition in 121 udder-half milk samples from 62 crossbreed goats (1-3 years old) at 23-45 days postpartum were compared in four categories with SCCs of <200 × 103 , <300 × 103 , 301-1000 × 103 , and >1010 × 103 cells/ml. The SCC, CMT score, EC, and NAGase activity were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in udder-half milk with SCCs of <200 × 103 and <300 × 103 cells/ml than those in milk with SCCs of 301-1000 × 103 and >1010 × 103 cells/ml. The protein, lactose/ash, and solids-not-fat (SNF) in milk with an SCC of <300 × 103 cells/ml were similar to the previously reported values. The proportion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in milk with SCCs of 301-1000 and >1010 × 103 cells/ml than in milk with an SCC of <300 × 103 cells/ml. Assessing mammary gland health and milk composition based on categorization of udder-half milk by SCC may be useful for milk quality control on goat farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nagahata
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Gondaira
- Laboratory of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Laboratory of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hisaeda
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kumano
- Hokkaido Dairy Milk Recording & Testing Association, Sapporo, Japan
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Nagahata H, Kine M, Watanabe H, Tanaka A, Takahashi A, Gondaira S, Higuchi H. Somatic cell and innate immune responses in mammary glands of lactating cows to intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve at pre-drying off period. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1845-1851. [PMID: 34645724 PMCID: PMC8762427 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve)-induced
somatic cell (SC) counts, chemiluminescent response (CL), lactoferrin (LF) concentrations
and mastitis-causing pathogens from quarters with subclinical mastitis were measured to
evaluate innate immune response of mammary glands in dairy cows at 3 to 4 weeks before
drying off. SC counts in 7 quarters of 7 control cows and 5 quarters of 6 cows with
mastitis increased markedly on day 1 and SC values in control cows were significantly
(P<0.05) increased and returned to pre-infusion levels on day 5
after B. breve-infusion. CL values in both groups increased markedly on
day 1 and then decreased after B. breve-infusion; however, CL values in
cows with mastitis did not return to normal levels on day 5 and at postpartum. The CL
values were highly correlated with their SC counts in milk from both groups. LF
concentrations increased toward day 3 after B. breve-infusion and were
higher in cows with mastitis. B. breve-infusion eliminated 16.6% (1/6) of
pathogens from 6 quarters with chronic subclinical mastitis. B.
breve-induced SC responses in quarters from 3 cows with mastitis showed
characteristic patterns of recovery, persistent and new infections. B.
breve-induced SC counts in quarters from the cows in the pre-drying off were
lower (25.7–70.6%) than those of the cows in mid-lactation. The intrinsic innate immune
response in cows on pre-drying off may be decreased and appears to be insufficient to
eliminate pathogens from mammary gland in the pre-drying off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nagahata
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Mari Kine
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori 582, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hisato Watanabe
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori 582, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Ai Tanaka
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori 582, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Aoi Takahashi
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori 582, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gondaira
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori 582, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori 582, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Gondaira S, Nishi K, Fujiki J, Iwano H, Watanabe R, Eguchi A, Hirano Y, Higuchi H, Nagahata H. Innate immune response in bovine neutrophils stimulated with Mycoplasma bovis. Vet Res 2021; 52:58. [PMID: 33863386 PMCID: PMC8052696 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is a significant worldwide pathogen of cattle. Neutrophils have an important role in the innate immune response during infection with M. bovis. However, even though neutrophils accumulate in M. bovis infection, the interaction of M. bovis and neutrophils has not been fully elucidated. We attempted to elucidate the innate immune response of neutrophils stimulated with M. bovis and evaluate the transcriptome and functional analysis of bovine neutrophils stimulated with M. bovis. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), which was the most increased gene in transcriptome analysis, were increased in quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of bovine neutrophils stimulated with live or heat-killed M. bovis. Nitric oxide and intracellular reactive oxygen species production of neutrophils stimulated with M. bovis was significantly increased. Neutrophils stimulated with M. bovis showed an increased ratio of nonapoptotic cell death compared to unstimulated controls. We demonstrated that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation was not recognized in neutrophils stimulated with live M. bovis. However, heat-killed M. bovis induced NETs formation. We also showed the interaction with M. bovis and bovine neutrophils regarding proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and functional expression related to NETs formation. Live and killed M. bovis induced innate immune responses in neutrophils and had the potential to induce NETs formation, but live M. bovis escaped NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Gondaira
- grid.412658.c0000 0001 0674 6856Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501 Japan
| | - Koji Nishi
- grid.412658.c0000 0001 0674 6856Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501 Japan
| | - Jumpei Fujiki
- grid.412658.c0000 0001 0674 6856Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501 Japan
| | - Hidetomo Iwano
- grid.412658.c0000 0001 0674 6856Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501 Japan
| | - Reina Watanabe
- grid.412658.c0000 0001 0674 6856Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501 Japan
| | - Ayako Eguchi
- grid.412658.c0000 0001 0674 6856Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501 Japan
| | - Yuki Hirano
- grid.452441.2Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido 081-0038 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- grid.412658.c0000 0001 0674 6856Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501 Japan
| | - Hajime Nagahata
- grid.412658.c0000 0001 0674 6856Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501 Japan
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Farm Animal Veterinary Nursing Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555 Japan
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Ono T, Hisaeda K, Inoue Y, Yamada Y, Shibano K, Mitsui I, Henmi C, Une Y, Hayashi H, Roh S, Nohara M, Uchida E, Nagahata H. Forestomach developmental failure in an 11-month-old Japanese Black steer with severely retarded growth and chronic ruminal tympany. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:220-225. [PMID: 33473049 PMCID: PMC7972897 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports findings from the pathological examination of the forestomach of an
11-month-old Japanese Black steer with severely retarded growth (41% of expected weight)
and chronic ruminal tympany. The ruminal papillae were weakly formed (0.3–0.5 cm long) and
unevenly distributed. The cellulae and cristae reticuli were underdeveloped; the cristae
were 0.4–0.7 cm in height and milky white. The keratinized layer in the stratified
squamous epithelium was thickened. Ruminal pH was 5.25, and ruminal volatile fatty acid
concentration was 11.7 mM. The steer’s severely retarded growth was considered to be
caused by malnutrition due to developmental and functional failure of the forestomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Ono
- Farm Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hisaeda
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Inoue
- Farm Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Farm Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Kenichi Shibano
- Farm Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Ikki Mitsui
- Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Chizuka Henmi
- Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Yumi Une
- Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hayashi
- Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori 582, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Sanggun Roh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Nohara
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Eiji Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Hajime Nagahata
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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Gondaira S, Nishi K, Iwano H, Fujiki J, Watanabe R, Eguchi A, Hirano Y, Higuchi H, Nagahata H. Transcriptome analysis of Mycoplasma bovis stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 232:110166. [PMID: 33348232 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a pathogenic bacterium in bovines that causes huge global economic losses. Numerous factors play important roles in M. bovis pathogenesis; however, the host immune response involved in M. bovis infection has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to determine the characteristics of the host immune response to Mycoplasma infection. We evaluated the responsiveness of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with M. bovis via microarray analysis. The transcriptional abundance of innate immune-related genes IL-36A, IL-27, IFN-γ, and IL-17 in PBMCs increased after M. bovis exposure. Upon M. bovis infection, there was increased expression of the lymphocyte activated genes basic leucine zipper transcription factor (BATF) and signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family members 1 and 7 (SLAMF 1 and SLAMF 7) in PBMCs compared with that in unstimulated cells. The study revealed that the transcriptional abundance of innate immunity genes in PBMCs increased during M. bovis infection. This induced the activation of PBMCs, giving rise to an immune response, which is followed by the development of the inflammatory response. The results from this study could be used as the basis for the development of novel vaccine candidates against M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hidetomo Iwano
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Jumpei Fujiki
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | - Yuki Hirano
- Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido, 081-0038, Japan.
| | | | - Hajime Nagahata
- Animal Health Laboratory, Japan; Farm Animal Veterinary Nursing Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan.
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Nagahata H, Moriyama A, Sawada C, Asai Y, Kokubu C, Gondaira S, Higuchi H. Innate immune response of mammary gland induced by intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve in lactating dairy cows. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1742-1749. [PMID: 33071254 PMCID: PMC7804045 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate innate immune responses of mammary glands induced by intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve in dairy
cows. Somatic cell counts in quarters of cows showed a marked increase following B. breve infusion on days 1 and 2. Opsonized-stimulated
chemiluminescence response in quarter milk was significantly (P<0.05) increased by B. breve infusion on days 1 to 3
compared to that of pre-infusion. Lactoferrin concentrations in B. breve-infused quarter milk increased significantly
(P<0.05) on days 2 to 4 and 6 compared to those of pre-infusion. IgG and IgA concentrations in B. breve-infused quarters
significantly (P<0.05) increased on days 2 to 4 for IgG and days 3, 4, 6 and 8 for IgA compared to those of pre-infusion. Interleukin
(IL)-1β and IL-8 mRNA levels in somatic cells from B. breve-infused quarters were significantly (P<0.05) upregulated on day
1 compared to those on days 0 and 14. Conversely, IL-6 mRNA levels in somatic cells from B. breve-infused quarters on days 0, 1 and 14 and
NF-κB mRNA levels on day 0 were significantly (P<0.05) down-regulated compared to those of control. IL-1β, tumor necrosis
factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 concentrations increased on days 1, 3 and 7 after B. breve infusion in quarters. Intramammary infusion of B.
breve (3 × 109 cfu) induces a massive influx of leukocytes and enhances innate immune response in mammary glands. This event may
contribute to the enhancing host defense in the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nagahata
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Ayumi Moriyama
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Chika Sawada
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Asai
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kokubu
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gondaira
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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9
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Nagahata H, Mukai T, Natsume Y, Okuda M, Ando T, Hisaeda K, Gondaira S, Higuchi H. Effects of intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve on mastitis pathogens and somatic cell response in quarters from dairy cows with chronic subclinical mastitis. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13406. [PMID: 32578314 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the effects of intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on mastitis-causing pathogens and on the somatic cell counts (SCC) in lactating cows with chronic subclinical mastitis. The bacteriological cure rates of 42 quarters from 42 cows infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium bovis, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and environmental streptococci were 18.2% (2/11), 14.3% (1/7), 58.8% (10/17), and 28.6% (2/7), respectively, on day 14 after B. breve infusion. In a second trial, B. breve was infused into 18 quarters from 18 cows with chronic subclinical mastitis from which pathogens had not been isolated; the rates of quarters showing SCC > 50 × 104 cells/ml prior to B. breve infusion that decreased to < 30 × 104 cells/ml after infusion were significantly (p < .01) increased to 61.1% (11/18) on day 14 compared to that prior to infusion (0/18). The intramammary infusion of B. breve appears to be a non-antibiotic approach for elimination of minor pathogens and decreasing SCC in quarters with chronic subclinical mastitis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nagahata
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.,Large Animal Medicine Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takuma Mukai
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yo Natsume
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miyuki Okuda
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hisaeda
- Large Animal Medicine Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gondaira
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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10
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Miyama T, Byaruhanga J, Okamura I, Nagahata H, Murata R, Mwebembezi W, Muramatsu Y, Makita K. Prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis and its association with milking practices in an intensive dairy production region of Uganda. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:488-493. [PMID: 32132316 PMCID: PMC7192731 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for sub-clinical
mastitis (SCM) in Mbarara District, an intensive dairy production region of Uganda where
hand-milking is dominant. In 30 farms, herd-level milking practices and SCM prevalence
were studied. The SCM prevalences were 68.6% (417/608, 95% confidence interval (CI):
64.9–72.2%) and 39.2% (946/2,411, 37.3–41.2%) at the cow- and quarter-levels,
respectively. A preventive factor for SCM was cow calmness at the end of milking (OR:
0.20, 95%CI: 0.05–0.79, P=0.021); a risk factor was rough teat-end (OR:
1.75, 95%CI: 1.14–2.68, P=0.011). Good cow hygiene was negatively
associated with environmental mastitis (P=0.002). Appropriate
hand-milking practices that avoid teat damage are expected to reduce SCM in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Miyama
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Joseph Byaruhanga
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Ikuo Okamura
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hajime Nagahata
- Animal Health Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Murata
- Veterinary Bacteriology Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - William Mwebembezi
- Mbarara District Veterinary Office, Mbarara District Local Government, P.O. Box 1, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Yasukazu Muramatsu
- Zoonotic Diseases Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Makita
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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11
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Nishi K, Gondaira S, Okamoto M, Nebu T, Koiwa M, Ohtsuka H, Murai K, Matsuda K, Fujiki J, Iwano H, Nagahata H, Higuchi H. Effect of Mycoplasma bovis on expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases mRNA in bovine synovial cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 216:109920. [PMID: 31446205 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis causes chronic arthritis in calves. Mycoplasma arthritis shows severe inflammatory reactions in joints that is commonly treated with antibiotics and results in significant economic losses in the calf industry. A previous study showed that inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by synovial cells promote progression of the pathophysiology of bacterial arthritis. However, the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of bovine Mycoplasma arthritis has not been fully clarified. In this study, we examined the immunologic response of bovine synovial tissue to M. bovis. We observed significant increases in expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, and MMP-3 mRNA in synovial tissue from Mycoplasma arthritis calves compared with tissues from normal calves. Expression of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-1 mRNA was also induced in cultured synovial cells stimulated with M. bovis, but not expression of IL-1β and MMP-3 mRNA. In contrast, the culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with M. bovis induced marked increases in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, and MMP-3 mRNA in synovial cells. Our results indicate that inflammatory cytokines and MMPs produced by synovial cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma arthritis. We suggest that interactions between synovial cells and mononuclear cells in the presence of M. bovis induce expression of these cytokines and MMPs in synovial cells, resulting in severe inflammatory reactions in the joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nishi
- Animal Health Laboratory, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gondaira
- Animal Health Laboratory, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Mariko Okamoto
- Animal Health Laboratory, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takanori Nebu
- Animal Health Laboratory, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Masateru Koiwa
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ohtsuka
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Murai
- Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Kasumigaseki, Tokyo, 100-8950, Japan
| | - Kazuya Matsuda
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Jumpei Fujiki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Iwano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hajime Nagahata
- Animal Health Laboratory, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Animal Health Laboratory, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
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12
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Gondaira S, Higuchi H, Iwano H, Nishi K, Nebu T, Nakajima K, Nagahata H. Innate immune response of bovine mammary epithelial cells to Mycoplasma bovis. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:79-87. [PMID: 28927255 PMCID: PMC5799403 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma spp. are contagious bacteria, and mycoplasmal mastitis is a serious productivity problem on dairy farms. Bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) have an important role in the elimination of pathogens, but the effect of Mycoplasma bovis on bMECs has not been fully described. To elucidate the immune response against intramammary infection by M. bovis, we undertook microarray analysis to examine and profile mRNA expression in bMECs after stimulation with M. bovis. We also compared the effects of M. bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli on immune-related mRNA expression in bMECs. Transcriptome analysis indicated a significant decrease in the level of mRNA-encoding lysine-specific demethylase 4D, suggesting that the immune response is suppressed by a decrease in histone demethylase activity. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, and TLR4 mRNA expression levels were significantly increased in bMECs stimulated with heat-killed M. bovis, but the expression levels were lower than those following stimulation by heat-killed S. aureus or E. coli. Our results suggest that M. bovis weakly affects mRNA expression in bMECs compared to the effects of E. coli or S. aureus. Moreover, live M. bovis may induce suppression of the immune response in bMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Gondaira
- Animal Health Laboratory, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Animal Health Laboratory, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Iwano
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Nishi
- Animal Health Laboratory, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takanori Nebu
- Animal Health Laboratory, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
| | - Keiichi Nakajima
- National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
| | - Hajime Nagahata
- Animal Health Laboratory, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
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13
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Okamoto E, Miyanishi H, Nakamura A, Kobayashi T, Kobayashi N, Terawaki Y, Nagahata H. Bacteriological evaluation of composted manure solids prepared from anaerobic digested slurry for hygienic recycled bedding materials for dairy cows. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:727-732. [PMID: 29280539 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Changes in mastitis-causing pathogens, pH and water content in composted manure solids (CMS) prepared from digested slurry were evaluated during turning at 2-day intervals for 8 days (C1-C4). The numbers of streptococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci and coliforms were 2.6 × 101 , 1.7 × 102 and 1.0 × 101 colony-forming units (cfu)/g in CMS (C4) (summer), and these counts were markedly lower (P < 0.05) than those in CMS (C0 and C1). The bacterial counts ranged from 101 to 1.7 × 102 cfu/g in CMS (C4) (summer) and were within approved levels, <1 × 106 cfu/g, indicating a minimal mastitis risk. The temperatures in CMS (C1-C4) increased to 63°C-74°C in summer and 67°C-70°C in winter. The mean pH values in CMS (C0-C4) were 9.2 in summer and 8.7 in winter, and water contents ranged from 61.7% to 69.6% in summer and 73.2% to 66.2% in winter. The significant decrease of pathogenic bacteria in CMS appears to be closely related to temperature >63°C for 8 days, pH 8.7-9.2, and water content 62% to 73%. This study demonstrates that prepared CMS has value as a recycled material with the potential to alleviate udder health issues in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiryu Okamoto
- Environmental Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyanishi
- Cornes and Company Limited/Cornes Biogas, Sapporo Branch, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Cornes and Company Limited/Cornes Biogas, Sapporo Branch, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshinori Terawaki
- Animal Breeding, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hajime Nagahata
- Animal Health Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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14
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Kawai K, Shinozuka Y, Uchida I, Hirose K, Mitamura T, Watanabe A, Kuruhara K, Yuasa R, Sato R, Onda K, Nagahata H. Control of Pseudomonas mastitis on a large dairy farm by using slightly acidic electrolyzed water. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1601-1605. [PMID: 28516730 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The disinfection effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) use in a farm where Pseudomonas mastitis has spread was evaluated. Despite the application of antibiotic therapy and complete cessation of milking infected quarters, numerous new and recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical mastitis infections (5.8-7.1% of clinical mastitis cases) occurred on the farm from 2003 to 2005. Procedural changes and equipment modifications did not improve environmental contamination or the incidence of Pseudomonas mastitis. To more thoroughly decontaminate the milking parlor, an SAEW system was installed in 2006. All milking equipment and the parlor environment were sterilized with SAEW (pH 5-6.5, available chlorine 12 parts per million) before and during milking time. After adopting the SAEW system, the incidence of clinical and subclinical Pseudomonas mastitis cases decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) and disappeared. These findings suggest that SAEW effectively reduced the incidence of mastitis in a herd contaminated by Pseudomonas species. This is the first report to demonstrate the effectiveness of disinfection by SAEW against mastitis pathogens in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kawai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - Ikuo Uchida
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hirose
- Agricultural and Veterinary Division, Meiji Seika Pharma Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Aiko Watanabe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kana Kuruhara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Reiko Yuasa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Reiichiro Sato
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hajime Nagahata
- Animal Health Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
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15
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Lai JM, Wu JT, Yang WC, Chao MH, Nagahata H. An unusual case of thoracic ectopia cordis in a Toggenburg Goat and its three-dimensional images constructed with X-ray computed tomography. Jpn J Vet Res 2016; 64:165-170. [PMID: 27506092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A two-day-old female Toggenburg goat with thoracic ectopia cordis (EC) was diagnosed via radiography and computed tomography. The goat was born with EC, defects of the sternum and a supra-umbilical abdominal wall, but without the presence of Cantrell's syndrome. Necropsy and histopathological findings indicated the affected kid had malformation of the heart with an enlarged left ventricle. The findings showed the heart (9 x 5 x 5 cm) stayed outside the thorax, and was covered by a semitransparent membrane. This report is the first to describe a case of thoracic EC in a goat whose sternum was not developed fully and was not connected to the ribs. It is also the first paper to describe three-dimensional images of this condition constructed from computed tomography scans.
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16
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Abstract
To evaluate the prognostic criteria for identifying cows at an increased risk of a fatal
outcome from acute Escherichia coli mastitis, the potential cut-off
values for five diagnostic parameters associated with a high mortality were determined by
receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. These criteria were hematocrit value
>32%, blood non-esterified fatty acid concentration >0.4 mEq/l,
antithrombin activity <120%, platelet count <15 × 104/ml
and presence of dysstasia. Exceeding the cut-off values for at least three parameters on
day 2 after onset predicted fatality (predictive value 87.5). When these prognostic
criteria were applied to 34 clinical cases, cows that met three criteria were seven times
more likely to die than cows that met fewer than three criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Hagiwara
- Federation of Hokkaido Agricultural Mutual Aid Associations, North 4 West 1-1, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0004, Japan
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17
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Tiantong A, Piamya P, Chen SE, Liu WB, Chang FY, Lin PC, Nagahata H, Chang CJ. Systemic and local bactericidal potentiality in late lactation Holstein-Friesian cows following a combined antibiotics and Enterococcus faecium SF68 dry-cow treatment. Jpn J Vet Res 2015; 63:139-150. [PMID: 26563033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic dry-cow treatment contributes a major part to the total use of antibiotics in dairy herds. Enterococcus faecium strain SF68 (SF68) was of human origin but has been authorized in EU as probiotic feed additive. In the present study, one of the front and rear quarters of twelve late lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were infused once with a commercial antibiotic dry-cow formula (antibiotics quarter) on the first milk-stasis day (d 1), when the contrallateral quarters were infused with 5 x 10(8)-CFU SF68 plus half-dose antibiotic dry-cow formula (SF68/antibiotics quarter) meanwhile. Gelatinase level and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capacity were measured for blood and quarter secretion. The results showed that the count of blood total leukocytes minorly decreased on d 3 only but the microscopic somatic cell count (MSCC) continuously increased up to d 7, especially in SF68/antibiotics quarters. Plasma level of gelatinase A remained similar up to d 7 but gelatinase B was not detectable in plasma throughout the study. The level of gelatinase A in quarter secretion increased up to d 7 but gelatinase B increased even more drastically, especially in SF68/antibiotics quarters. The ROS production capacity of blood leukocytes increased temporarily only on d 3, but that of milk cells continuously increased up to d 7, especially in SF68/antitiotics quarters. Overall, late lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were systemically adaptable to the combined antibiotics and SF68 dry-cow treatment, while the local bactericidal potentiality in mammary gland was actively responsive to additional SF68 intramammary treatment.
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18
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Gondaira S, Higuchi H, Iwano H, Nakajima K, Kawai K, Hashiguchi S, Konnai S, Nagahata H. Cytokine mRNA profiling and the proliferative response of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells to Mycoplasma bovis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 165:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Hidano A, Konnai S, Yamada S, Githaka N, Isezaki M, Higuchi H, Nagahata H, Ito T, Takano A, Ando S, Kawabata H, Murata S, Ohahsi K. Suppressive effects of neutrophil by Salp16-like salivary gland proteins from Ixodes persulcatus Schulze tick. Insect Mol Biol 2014; 23:466-474. [PMID: 24698498 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Salp16, a 16-kDa tick salivary gland protein, is known to be the molecule involved in the transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular pathogen causing zoonotic anaplasmosis, from its mammalian hosts to Ixodes scapularis. Recently, the presence of A. phagocytophilum was documented in Japan and Ixodes persulcatus was identified as one of its vectors. The purpose of this study was to identify Salp16 genes in I. persulcatus and characterize their function. Two cDNA clones encoding the Salp16-like sequences were obtained from the salivary glands of fed female I. persulcatus ticks and designated Salp16 Iper1 and Iper2. Gene expression analyses showed that the Salp16 Iper genes were expressed specifically in the salivary glands and were up-regulated by blood feeding. These proteins attenuated the oxidative burst of activated bovine neutrophils and inhibited their migration induced by the chemoattractant interleukin-8 (IL-8). These results demonstrate that Salp16 Iper proteins contribute to the establishment of blood feeding as an immunosuppressant of neutrophil, an essential factor in innate host immunity. Further examination of the role of Salp16 Iper in the transmission of pathogens, including A. phagocytophilum, will increase our understanding of the tick-host-pathogen interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hidano
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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20
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Hagiwara S, Mori K, Okada H, Oikawa S, Nagahata H. Acute Escherichia coli mastitis in dairy cattle: diagnostic parameters associated with poor prognosis. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:1431-6. [PMID: 25056677 PMCID: PMC4272974 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the diagnostic characteristics associated with poor
prognosis and mortality in dairy cows with acute clinical Escherichia
coli mastitis. On 17 dairy farms, 24 dairy cows with acute E.
coli mastitis that had received therapeutic treatment were categorized into 2
groups by outcome: 17 cows that recovered (survivors) and 7 cows that died or were
euthanized (non-survivors). Two days after onset of acute E. coli
mastitis, dysstasia was observed in non-survivors, but not in survivors. Compared with
survivors, significantly increased hematocrit (HCT) values and non-esterified fatty acid
(NEFA) concentrations, and significantly decreased antithrombin activity and platelet
counts were found in non-survivors on days 2 and 3 after therapy. Dysstasia, associated
with decreased antithrombin activity and platelet counts, and with increased HCT and NEFA
concentrations, was considered to be the major prognostic indicator associated with high
mortality after therapeutic treatment in acute E. coli mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Hagiwara
- Federation of Hokkaido Agricultural Mutual Aid Associations, North 4 West 1-1, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0004, Japan
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21
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Tiantong A, Peng HY, Chen SE, Piamya P, Liu WB, Chen MT, Yu C, Nagahata H, Chang CJ. Intramammary infusion of anEnterococcus faecium SF68 preparation promoted the involution of drying off Holstein cows partly related to neutrophil-associated matrix metalloproteinase 9. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:111-9. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attapol Tiantong
- Department of Animal Science; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Peng
- Department of Animal Science; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Ei Chen
- Department of Animal Science; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Piya Piamya
- Department of Animal Science; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bor Liu
- Department of Animal Science; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsao Chen
- Department of Animal Science; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chi Yu
- Department of Animal Science; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Hajime Nagahata
- Department of Animal Health; School of Veterinary Medicine; Rakuno Gakuen University; Ebetsu Japan
| | - Chai-Ju Chang
- Department of Animal Science; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
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22
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Kawai K, Higuchi H, Iwano H, Iwakuma A, Onda K, Sato R, Hayashi T, Nagahata H, Oshida T. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Mycoplasma isolated from bovine mastitis in Japan. Anim Sci J 2013; 85:96-9. [PMID: 24261609 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma spp. are highly contagious pathogens and intramammary Mycoplasma infection is a serious issue for the dairy industry. As there is no effective vaccine for Mycoplasma infection, control depends on good husbandry and chemo-antibiotic therapy. In this study, antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma strains recently isolated from cases of bovine mastitis in Japan was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). All Mycoplasma bovis strains were sensitive to pirlimycin, danofloxacin and enrofloxacin, but not kanamycin, oxytetracycline, tilmicosin or tylosin. M. californicum and M. bovigenitalium strains were sensitive to pirlimycin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, tilmicosin and tylosin, but not to kanamycin. This is the first report to describe the MIC of major antimicrobial agents for Mycoplasma species isolated from bovine mastitis in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kawai
- Department of Animal Health 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
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23
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Kawai K, Hayashi T, Kiku Y, Chiba T, Nagahata H, Higuchi H, Obayashi T, Itoh S, Onda K, Arai S, Sato R, Oshida T. Reliability in somatic cell count measurement of clinical mastitis milk using DeLaval cell counter. Anim Sci J 2013; 84:805-7. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kawai
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Tomohito Hayashi
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; National Institute of Animal Health; Sapporo Japan
| | - Yoshio Kiku
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; National Institute of Animal Health; Sapporo Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Chiba
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Hajime Nagahata
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Rakuno Gakuen University; Ebetsu Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Rakuno Gakuen University; Ebetsu Japan
| | - Tetsu Obayashi
- Makubetsu Veterinary Clinic; Tokachi NOSAI; Makubetsu Japan
| | - Seigo Itoh
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Sachiko Arai
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Reiichiro Sato
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Toshio Oshida
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
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24
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Higuchi H, Ito E, Iwano H, Oikawa S, Nagahata H. Effects of vitamin E supplementation on cellular α-tocopherol concentrations of neutrophils in Holstein calves. Can J Vet Res 2013; 77:120-125. [PMID: 24082403 PMCID: PMC3605927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of vitamin E supplementation on cellular α-tocopherol concentrations of neutrophils from Holstein calves and the mechanism of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)-mediated uptake of α-tocopherol were examined. Cellular α-tocopherol concentrations in vitamin E-treated calves increased from 3.5 ± 0.38 to 7.2 ± 0.84 μg/10(7) cells, respectively, within 14 d after vitamin E supplementation; these concentrations were significantly higher than those of control calves (P < 0.01). The expression indices of SR-BI [a major receptor that recognizes high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] mRNA in neutrophils were two to five times higher (P < 0.01) in neutrophils obtained from vitamin E-supplemented calves compared with those from control calves, and anti-SR-B1 antibody, ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 μg/mL, significantly (P < 0.01) decreased cellular α-tocopherol concentrations of neutrophils. Cytochalasin D and latrunculin B, major inhibitors of actin polymerization of neutrophils, significantly decreased cellular α-tocopherol concentrations of neutrophils (P < 0.01). Our results demonstrated that in vitamin E-supplemented calves: 1) α-tocopherol is mainly distributed with HDL, 2) α-tocopherol within HDL is recognized by SR-BI on the surface of neutrophils, and 3) rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton is a crucial step for the uptake of α-tocopherol by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Hidetoshi Higuchi; telephone/fax: 81-11-388-4844; e-mail:
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25
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Higuchi H, Gondaira S, Iwano H, Hirose K, Nakajima K, Kawai K, Hagiwara K, Tamura Y, Nagahata H. Mycoplasma species isolated from intramammary infection of Japanese dairy cows. Vet Rec 2013; 172:557. [PMID: 23457142 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Higuchi
- Animal Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Animal Health Lab, Bunkyodai Midori 582, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
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26
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Yu TC, Chang CJ, Ho CH, Peh HC, Chen SE, Liu WB, Peng HY, Piamya P, Chen MT, Nagahata H. Modifications of the defense and remodeling functionalities of bovine neutrophils inside the mammary gland of milk stasis cows received a commercial dry-cow treatment. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 144:210-9. [PMID: 22001628 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate length of milk stasis between two consecutive lactations of dairy cows is crucial for sustainable milk production. This dry period of cows allows extensive remodeling and sufficient cell renewal in mammary gland. Nevertheless, early dry period is one of the most risky stages in cow lactation cycle to intramammary infection. Dry-cow treatment through teats is, therefore, widely practiced at the commencement of milk stasis. Neutrophils are the most abundant cellular components in cow mammary secretion during early dry period, which in turn attribute to the meanwhile elevation of somatic cell counts and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) level. This study used bovine peripheral neutrophils as a cell model to examine the mode of modifications in their defense and remodeling functionalities after infiltration into mammary gland during early dry period. Results indicate a dose-dependent suppression of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated free radical production and induction of MMP 9 degranulation in bovine peripheral neutrophils exposure to the d 7-dry secretion of cows received dry cow treatment at d 0 in milk stasis. Meanwhile, an enhancement of plasminogen activation and TNF-α shedding on bovine peripheral neutrophils were also observed. These two cellular events might be involved in the functional modifications on infiltrated neutrophils during early dry period. In conclusion, the opposite trend of modifications in the defense and matrix remodeling functionalities of neutrophils inside the mammary gland of cows at early dry period reflect the collaboration of infiltrated neutrophils for promoting extensive glandular remodeling at minimum compromise of local defense during the acute involution period without apparent disturbance by dry cow treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chieh Yu
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- H Higuchi
- Animal Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
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28
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Higuchi H, Iwano H, Kawai K, Ohta T, Obayashi T, Hirose K, Ito N, Yokota H, Tamura Y, Nagahata H. A simplified PCR assay for fast and easy mycoplasma mastitis screening in dairy cattle. J Vet Sci 2011; 12:191-3. [PMID: 21586880 PMCID: PMC3104175 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2011.12.2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A simplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for fast and easy screening of mycoplasma mastitis in dairy cattle. Species of major mycoplasma strains [Mycoplasma (M.) bovis, M. arginini, M. bovigenitalium, M. californicum, M. bovirhinis, M. alkalescens and M. canadense] in cultured milk samples were detected by this simplified PCR-based method as well as a standard PCR technique. The minimum concentration limit for detecting mycoplasma by the simplified PCR was estimated to be about 2.5 × 103 cfu/mL and was similar to that of the standard PCR. We compared the specificity and sensitivity of the simplified PCR to those of a culture method. Out of 1,685 milk samples cultured in mycoplasma broth, the simplified PCR detected Mycoplasma DNA in 152 that were also positive according to the culture assay. The sensitivity and specificity of the simplified PCR were 98.7% and 99.7%, respectively, for detecting mycoplasma in those cultures. The results obtained by the simplified PCR were consistent with ones from standard PCR. This newly developed simplified PCR, which does not require DNA purification, can analyze about 300 cultured samples within 3 h. The results from our study suggest that the simplified PCR can be used for mycoplasma mastitis screening in large-scale dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Animal Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
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29
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Kurosawa T, Kono Y, Nagahata H. Ultrasonographic evaluation of thymus in Holstein calves and Heifers and its diagnostic application. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1433-6. [PMID: 21737968 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the cross section of the thymus in 46 clinically healthy Holstein calves and heifers from birth to 100 weeks of age and 8 age-matched affected animals with chronic bronchopneumonia by ultrasonography. The cross sectional area of the thymus increased in healthy calves and heifers from birth to 31 weeks of age, peaked around 35 weeks of age, and then decreased until 100 weeks after birth. A positive correlation (r = 0.74, P < 0.05) was found between the area in cross section and the weight of the whole thymus in calves and heifers with chronic bronchopneumonia. The cross- sectional areas of the thymus were significantly (P < 0.05) lowered in animals with chronic bronchopneumonia. The cross sections of thymus in clinically healthy calves at 2 weeks of age and heifers at 34 weeks and 87 weeks of age were hypoechoic, moderately hyperechoic and hyperechoic, respectively. The observation of thymus by ultrasonography seems to be an effective tool for estimating the size of the thymus objectively in Holstein calves and heifers from birth to 100 weeks of age. The results of this study prove the approach to be useful and applicable to monitor the growth of thymus in Holstein calves and heifers and their association with chronic pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kurosawa
- Large Animal Clinical Medicine Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midori, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069–8501, Japan
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Hisaeda K, Arima H, Sonobe T, Nasu M, Hagiwara K, Kirisawa R, Takahashi T, Kikuchi N, Nagahata H. Changes in acute-phase proteins and cytokines in serum and milk whey from dairy cows with naturally occurring peracute mastitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and the relationship to clinical outcome. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1399-404. [PMID: 21712644 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in acute-phase proteins and cytokine concentrations in dairy cows with naturally occurring peracute Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) mastitis and their association with the outcome of the disease. Seventeen Holstein cows with K. pneumoniae mastitis from 8 dairy farms were divided on the basis of outcome after local and systemic therapy into 2 groups comprising 8 euthanized cows and 9 that recovered. Changes in acute-phase proteins and cytokine concentrations in cows with K. pneumoniae mastitis were evaluated at the onset of the disease (day 0) and at days 3, 7 and 14 after therapy and compared with those of 13 healthy dairy cows. The concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp) and interleukin (IL)-6 in serum and α(1)-acid glycoprotein and IL-1β in serum and whey on day 0 were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the euthanized cows than in those that recovered and the healthy cows. A correlation (r=0.90, P<0.01, n=17) was found between IL-6 and Hp concentrations in sera from recovered and euthanized cows at day 0. This indicated that serum concentrations of Hp and IL-6 at the initial examination were prognostic factors for survival, and the cutoff values were 2,020 µg/ml and 32 ng/ml, respectively. These results suggest that IL-6 and Hp concentrations are involved in the manifestation of K. pneumoniae mastitis and may be possible indicators of the prognosis of peracute K. pneumoniae mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hisaeda
- Toyo Veterinary Clinic Center, Ehime Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Saijyo, Ehime 799–1312, Japan
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31
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Nagahata H, Kawai H, Higuchi H, Kawai K, Yayou K, Chang CJ. Altered leukocyte responsiveness in dairy cows with naturally occurring chronic Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:885-94. [PMID: 21415573 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in inflammatory parameters, leukocyte surface markers, functional responses and cytokine mRNA expression of leukocytes of dairy cows with naturally occurring chronic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) mastitis and healthy cows were determined to elucidate the leukocyte responses to S. aureus infection of the mammary gland. Increased values in inflammatory parameters and matrix metalloproteinase activities in milk revealed the characteristics of cows with chronic mastitis. Expression of L-selectin and CD18 molecules on neutrophils and proportion of CD8 cells in milk from cows with S. aureus mastitis were significantly (P<0.05) increased compared with those found in healthy cows. The FcR-stimulated CL response of blood neutrophils was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in cows with S. aureus mastitis. Significantly (P<0.05) decreased mitogenic responses of lymphocytes were found in cows with S. aureus mastitis; however, the values were not restored to those of healthy cows when stimulated with both mitogens and the cytokine IL-1β. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 on milk leukocytes from cows with S. aureus was found to be increased compared with that of healthy cows. The changes of immune responses found in cows with S. aureus mastitis appear to be influenced by the severity and duration of inflammation in infected quarters. The down-regulation of the leukocyte functions found in cows with S. aureus mastitis appears to be associated with the progress of the chronic stage of S. aureus mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nagahata
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
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32
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Chiang C, Chang C, Peh H, Chen S, Yu B, Chen M, Nagahata H. Calcium homeostasis and its relationship to superoxide production in blood and milk neutrophils of lactating goats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 133:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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33
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Nagahata H, Nishiyama T, Kanae Y, Higuchi H, Kawai K, Endoh D, Hayashi M, Kurosawa T. A retrospective survey of the prevalence of complex vertebral malformation carriers in 9 Holstein dairy herds in Hokkaido, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:793-5. [PMID: 19578290 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The carrier rates of Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM) in 9 Holstein dairy herds in Hokkaido, number of usages of CVM carrier semen for breeding and gene frequencies of CVM carriers were measured. The mean CVM carrier rates of 140 cows from 4 herds in 1994 and 315 cows from 5 herds in 2003 were 10.8%(range 4.7-30.0%) and 5.1%(range 0.0-6.1%), respectively. The rate of use of CVM carrier semen in the Hokkaido district was 5.6% in 2002. The gene frequencies calculated from CVM carriers among the 315 cows and number of CVM carrier semen samples used were 0.032 and 0.028, and the occurrence of homozygous CVM in 2003 was estimated to be 0.1% in the local districts of Hokkaido, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nagahata
- Animal Health, Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
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34
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Sanada Y, Senba H, Mochizuki R, Arakaki H, Gotoh T, Fukumoto SI, Nagahata H. Evaluation of marked rise in fecal egg output after bithionol administration to horse and its application as a diagnostic marker for equine Anoplocephala perfoliata infection. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:617-20. [PMID: 19498288 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish a reliable diagnostic measure for equine Anoplocephala perfoliata infection, the impact of deworming was examined in 12 Thoroughbreds to which bithionol (5-10 mg/kg body weight) was administered and feces were examined by the modified Wisconsin method using sucrose solution. One day after the administration, cestode eggs were detected in previously fecal egg-negative 3 horses and increased in the other 9 horses. The optimum time for post-deworming egg detection was examined in following horses: 17 mares were administered bithionol and 10 mares were used as controls. The fecal egg count was significantly (P<0.01) higher one day after the administration than that on other pre- and post-administration days, while no significant changes occurred in fecal egg count in the controls, demonstrating that one day after bithionol administration is the optimum time for detecting fecal cestode eggs. The diagnostic deworming involving bithionol and fecal examination on the day following administration provides a reliable diagnosis for equine Anoplocephala perfoliata infection.
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Kuang Y, Tani K, Synnott AJ, Ohshima K, Higuchi H, Nagahata H, Tanji Y. Characterization of bacterial population of raw milk from bovine mastitis by culture-independent PCR–DGGE method. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Hayashi M, Miyane K, Senou M, Endoh D, Higuchi H, Nagahata H, Nakayama K, Kon Y, Okui T. Inhibitory effects of trientine, a copper-chelating agent, on induction of DNA strand breaks in kidney cells of Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats. Exp Anim 2009; 54:403-12. [PMID: 16365517 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.54.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of treatment with trientine, a specific copper-chelating agent, on the accumulation of copper and induction of DNA strand breaks were investigated in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, an animal model for human Wilson's disease. Copper accumulated in the kidneys of LEC rats in an age-dependent manner from 12 to 18 weeks of age. When LEC rats were treated with trientine from 10 weeks of age, renal copper contents did not increase and were maintained at the same levels as those in 4-week-old LEC rats. Estimation of the amounts of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) by comet assay showed that SSBs of DNA were induced in a substantial population of LEC rat renal cortex cells around 12 weeks of age and that the amounts of SSBs increased in an age-dependent manner from 12 to 18 weeks of age. When LEC rats were treated with trientine from 10 weeks of age, the observed number of cells with DNA damage decreased, suggesting that induction of SSBs of DNA was inhibited and/or SSBs were repaired during the period of treatment with trientine. The results show that SSBs of DNA in LEC rat kidney cells are induced prior to occurrence of clinical signs of hepatic injury and that treatment of LEC rats with trientine decreases the number of DNA strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Hayashi
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
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37
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Higuchi H, Kurumado H, Mori M, Degawa A, Fujisawa H, Kuwano A, Nagahata H. Effects of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide on physical and biochemical properties of the claw horn of Holstein cows. Can J Vet Res 2009; 73:15-20. [PMID: 19337390 PMCID: PMC2613591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide on the physical and biochemical properties of the claw horn of Holstein cows were evaluated. Significant (P < 0.05, 0.01) decreases in hardness and elasticity were found in claw horns soaked in ammonia (NH(3)) and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) solutions compared with those that were soaked in water for 12, 24, and 48 h. Water absorption rate, as a indicator of permeability barrier function, increased significantly (P < 0.05) over time during the soaking period and was found to be dependent on the concentrations of NH(3) and H(2)S in the solutions. The contents of ceramide, the main lipid component for the permeability barrier system of the stratum corneum, were significantly decreased in claw horns soaked in NH(3) and H(2)S solutions compared with the values before soaking. Quantities of eluted protein released from claw horns treated with NH(3) and H(2)S solutions were approximately 20 times and 30 to 40 times greater than those released from claw horns treated with water alone. Interestingly, the quantities of cytokeratin 10, the main cytoskeletal protein of the stratum corneum, eluted from claw horns treated with NH(3) and H(2)S solutions were markedly greater than the quantity released from horns soaked in water. Our results suggest that abnormal changes in the physical property of claw horn caused by NH(3) and H(2)S treatment are due to disruption of the biochemical property of the claw horn induced by these chemical agents derived from slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
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38
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Kasamatsu M, Kawauchi R, Tsunokawa M, Ueda K, Uchida E, Oikawa S, Higuchi H, Kawajiri T, Uchida S, Nagahata H. Comparison of serum lipid compositions, lipid peroxide, alpha-tocopherol and lipoproteins in captive marine mammals (bottlenose dolphins, spotted seals and West Indian manatees) and terrestrial mammals. Res Vet Sci 2008; 86:216-22. [PMID: 18723198 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of serum lipid components, lipid peroxide (LPO) and alpha-tocopherol and electrophoretic patterns of lipoproteins in serum samples obtained from captive marine mammals and terrestrial mammals were compared. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, free fatty acid, and phospholipid in fish-eating animals were significantly higher than those in manatees and cows. Serum LPO and alpha-tocopherol concentrations in the fish-eating animals were also significantly higher than those in manatees, cows and dogs. Different patterns of densitometric scans of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and a significantly lower percentage of LDL were demonstrated in the dolphins compared with the seals, cow and dogs. The concentration of LPO was significantly correlated with triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations in serum from the dolphins. These results suggest that triglyceride and phospholipid are susceptible to oxidative reaction in fish-eating animals. Evaluation of serum lipids, LPO and alpha-tocopherol concentrations is needed for nutritional husbandry for fish-eating animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Kasamatsu
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midori, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
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Abstract
A total of 355 Murrah cross buffaloes, consisting of 23 subclinical and 332 clinical mastitis cases brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal from 2002 to 2005, were analyzed to determine the organisms involved, the seasonal occurrence of mastitis, and antibiotic susceptibility of mastitis pathogens. Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) such as Staphylococcus albus and S. epidermidis were the predominant organisms associated with subclinical cases, and CNS and Coliforms in clinical cases. The maximum number (16%) of clinical cases of mastitis were observed in the month of July, when temperature and humidity are highest. The incidence of clinical mastitis was higher in animals during 1st calving and during the 1st month of parturition. Resistance to antibiotics was determined for 55, 23 and 149 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Coliforms, respectively. In vitro drug sensitivity testing revealed that enrofloxacin had the highest average sensitivity (91%) for all types of bacteria. The effectiveness of other drugs detected were gentamicin (87%), tetracycline (83%) and chloramphenicol (82%). The antibiogram showed that both gentamicin and enrofloxacin are slowly becoming resistant. Mastitis pathogens have developed resistance to ampicillin and penicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwari Prasad Dhakal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Tribhuvan University, Nepal
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Chen W, Weng M, Chen S, Peh H, Liu W, Yu T, Huang M, Chen M, Nagahata H, Chang C. Profile of Gelatinolytic Capacity of Raw Goat Milk and the Implications for Milk Quality. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:4954-65. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kawai K, Shimazaki K, Higuchi H, Nagahata H. Antibacterial activity of bovine lactoferrin hydrolysate against mastitis pathogens and its effect on superoxide production of bovine neutrophils. Zoonoses Public Health 2007; 54:160-4. [PMID: 17456148 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial activity of bovine lactoferrin hydrolysates (LFH) on microorganisms isolated from bovine mastitis, and superoxide (O(2)(-)) production of bovine neutrophils were evaluated. Antibacterial effects of LFH were measured in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Streptococci, Enterococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, yeast-like fungi and Prototheca zopfii isolated from clinical cases of bovine mastitis. To compare susceptibilities against LFH, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined by a micro-plate assay method. Most organisms were sensitive to LFH. Prototheca zopfii was highly sensitive to LFH; the growth of the microorganism was inhibited completely even at 1 mug/ml. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were resistant to LFH. The production of O(2)(-) by bovine neutrophils was used to evaluate the effect of LFH administration on functional activity. Increase in O(2)(-) production by bovine neutrophils occurred upon addition of LFH to neutrophils. These results demonstrate that LFH possesses antibacterial activity against pathogens that cause mastitis and activates neutrophil superoxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kawai
- Seibu Veterinary Clinical Center, Tokachi NOSAI, Shimizu 089-0103, Japan.
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Higuchi H, Ishizaka M, Nagahata H. Complement Receptor Type 3 (CR3)- and Fc Receptor (FcR)-Mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) Secretion and Their Intracellular Signalling of Bovine Neutrophils. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31:985-91. [PMID: 17285250 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-006-0201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Complement receptor type 3 (CR3)- and Fc receptor (FcR)-mediated metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) secretion and their intracellular signalling of bovine neutrophils were evaluated. Relative density of MMP-9 secreted by neutrophils stimulated with opsonized zymosan (OPZ, stimulant for CR3) was significantly (p < 0.05) increased when the OPZ concentration was increased from 0 to 0.4 mg/ml. Similar results were obtained for neutrophils stimulated with heat-aggregated IgG (Agg-IgG, stimulant for Fc receptor) at concentrations from 0 to 0.40 mg/ml. Preincubation of neutrophils with 1-30 nmol/L wortmannin (phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor) resulted in inhibition of MMP-9 secretion induced by stimulation with OPZ and Agg-IgG in a concentration-dependent manner, 30 nmol/L wortmannin causing complete inhibition. Similarly, preincubation of neutrophils with 0-100 mumol/L genistein (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) also resulted in inhibition of OPZ- and Agg-IgG-induced MMP-9 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, with 100 micromol/L genistein causing complete inhibition. Significant (p < 0.05) positive correlations were found between MMP-9 and luminal-dependent chemiluminescent response (LDCL) in the case of stimulation with OPZ (r = 0.754) and in the case of stimulation with Agg-IgG (r = 0.728). Our findings suggested that CR3 and FcR play a critical role in production of MMP-9 and may be regulated by intracellular signal transduction, including that by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and tyrosine kinase (TK).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Higuchi
- Animal Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Nagahata H, Maruta H, Okuhira T, Higuchi H, Anri A. Bacteriological survey of mammary secretions from prepartum heifers in a dairy herd with a high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus infection. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 68:1359-61. [PMID: 17213710 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to examine the bacteriological findings in 58 mammary secretions from 15 heifers at 4-5 weeks before parturition, and to evaluate whether a high prevalence of S. aureus infection in lactating cows affects the occurrence of S. aureus infection in prepartum heifers in the dairy herd. A total of 86.7%(13/15) of the heifers and 60.3%(35/58) of quarter milk samples from the heifers were bacteriologically positive. No S. aureus isolate was detected in mammary secretions from the heifers. Coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS) species were predominantly detected in 54.3%(19/35) and Streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae were isolated from 22.9%(8/35) of the quarters. A high S. aureus prevalence in the herd may not necessarily be a decisive factor for S. aureus infection in heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nagahata
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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44
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Muramatsu Y, Hukuta K, Satoh S, Muramatsu M, Nishimura M, Nagahata H, Ueno H, Morita C, Tamura Y. Seroepidemiologic survey of Coxiella burnetii and attempt to detect Coxiella DNA in aged non-laying chickens in a prefecture of Japan where poultry farming prospers. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:1007-8. [PMID: 17019076 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) revealed seropositivity to Coxiella burnetii in aged non-laying chickens in poultry farms in a prefecture in the central part of Japan. Seropositivity was 7%, and antibody titers ranged from 16 to 64. No DNA fragment specific for C. burnetii was detected in the chickens by nested-PCR. The prevalence of C. burnetii infection in a prefecture of Japan in which poultry farming prospers was 7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Muramatsu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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Weng MH, Chang CJ, Chen WY, Chou WK, Peh HC, Huang MC, Chen MT, Nagahata H. Contribution of somatic cell-associated activation of plasminogen to caseinolysis within the goat mammary gland. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:2025-37. [PMID: 16702266 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional regression of the mammary gland is partly reflected by proteolysis of milk protein and tissue protein. The involvement of the plasminogen activation system in degradation of milk protein and mammary tissue damage has been demonstrated under inflammatory conditions. In this study, mammary secretion from 23 dairy goats primarily grouped as lactation (milking twice daily) or involution (milking once daily or less) was used to determine the ratio of gravity-precipitated casein to total milk protein (casein ratio) as an index of caseinolysis, and activities of components of plasminogen activation system as well as their expressions on somatic cells. Based on the casein ratio, lactation goats were subcategorized as very active (71.8 +/- 1.0%) or less active (29.9 +/- 1.0%) in mammary function; involution goats were subcategorized as gradual (21.7 +/- 1.0%) or acute (5.9 +/- 0.2%) involution. This result suggests that caseinolysis occurred during regular lactation as well as during involution. On the other hand, activities of components of the plasminogen activation system in mammary secretion were increased along with the decreasing casein ratio, in contrast to the similar activities of their counterparts in circulation throughout various mammary statuses. Correlation analysis between casein ratio and activities of plasminogen activation system of goat milk indicated a significant negative relationship for plasmin (r = -0.64), plasminogen (r = -0.69), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA; r = -0.78) during involution but not during lactation. As for the cellular components of plasminogen activation system, there was an increase in immunoreactivity on somatic cells toward both monoclonal antibodies of human uPA and human uPA receptor under involution conditions suggesting their upregulation relative to lactation condition. Collectively, these results suggest that plasminogen activation system within the mammary gland differentially contribute to milk caseinolysis along the various stages of goat lactation. Meanwhile, a somatic cell-mediated local elevation of plasmin activity may be committed to extensive caseinolysis during involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Weng
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, 402
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Waki K, Inanami O, Yamamori T, Nagahata H, Kuwabara M. Involvement of protein kinase Cdelta in the activation of NADPH oxidase and the phagocytosis of neutrophils. Free Radic Res 2006; 40:359-67. [PMID: 16517500 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500539121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was performed to clarify the role of protein kinase C (PKC) delta in NADPH oxidase-dependent O(2-) production and actin polymerization followed by phagocytosis in neutrophils. Bovine neutrophils and human neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 (dHL-60) cells were stimulated with serum-opsonized zymosan (OZ) and fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP), respectively. Rottlerin, a specific inhibitor of PKCdelta, attenuated the production of O(2-) from NADPH oxidase in both neutrophils and dHL-60 cells. However, it did not inhibit the translocation of p47(phox) from the cytosol to the membrane in either type of cell or the phosphorylation of p47(phox) in dHL-60 cells. GF109203X (GFX), an inhibitor of cPKC, attenuated not only the production of O(2-) but also the translocation of p47(phox) in both cells. Furthermore, rottlerin significantly attenuated the ingestion of opsonized particles and the formation of F-actin in OZ-stimulated neutrophils, whereas, GFX did not affect those phagocytic processes. These results suggest that both PKCdelta and cPKC regulate NADPH oxidase through different pathways, but only PKCdelta regulates the phagocytic function in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Waki
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060 0818, Japan
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Kanae Y, Endoh D, Nagahata H, Hayashi M. A method for detecting complex vertebral malformation in Holstein calves using polymerase chain reaction-primer introduced restriction analysis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2005; 17:258-62. [PMID: 15945384 DOI: 10.1177/104063870501700309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex vertebral malformation (CVM), a hereditary lethal disease in Holstein calves, is characterized by complex anomalies of the vertebral column and limbs in an aborted fetus and in prematurely born, stillborn, and neonatal calves. The mode of inheritance of CVM is autosomal recessive, and CVM is caused by a point mutation from G to T at nucleotide position 559 of the bovine solute carrier family 35 member 3 (SLC35A3) gene. Although an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) is a useful method for diagnosis of CVM, the AS-PCR requires selected DNA polymerases and strictly controlled reaction conditions to obtain reliable results. Therefore, an alternative screening method for the CVM gene would be useful. Polymerase chain reaction-primer introduced restriction analysis (PCR-PIRA) is a method that can be used for detecting a single nucleotide mutation in any gene without a restriction site around the mutation site. In this study, primers were designed to introduce PstI or EcoT22 sites into PCR products from the wild-type and CVM alleles, respectively. The wild-type allele, a heterozygote, and a homozygote of the CVM allele could be discriminated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Specific introduction of restriction sites into PCR products depending on the change in a single nucleotide of template was shown using a variety of DNA polymerases and PCR machines. Therefore, the PCR-PIRA technique using primers designed in this study might provide a more useful method for extensive screening of CVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kanae
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Higuchi H, Nakamura M, Kuwano A, Kasamatsu M, Nagahata H. Quantities and types of ceramides and their relationships to physical properties of the horn covering the claws of clinically normal cows and cows with subclinical laminitis. Can J Vet Res 2005; 69:155-8. [PMID: 15971682 PMCID: PMC1142185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantities and types of ceramides and their relationships to physical properties of the horn covering the claws of clinically normal cows and cows with subclinical laminitis were investigated. Total ceramide content of the horn covering the sole and wall from cows with subclinical laminitis was 872.2 +/- 146.6 microg/g and 528.6 +/- 61.3 microg/g, respectively, and was significantly (P < 0.01, 0.05) lower than that from clinically normal cows. The mean moisture content in the claws from cows with subclinical laminitis (43.5% +/- 4.3%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the claws from clinically normal cows. The hardness of claws from cows with subclinical laminitis (35.2 +/- 3.5) was significantly (P < 0.05) less than that of claws from clinically normal cows. Significant correlations between ceramides and moisture content (P < 0.001) and between ceramide and hardness (P < 0.001) were found in clinically normal cows and cows with subclinical laminitis. Our results indicate that decreases in ceramide contents may be related to changes in physical properties of the horn covering the claw in cows with subclinical laminitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Higuchi
- Animal Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-501, Japan.
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Hayashi M, Miyane K, Hirooka T, Endoh D, Higuchi H, Nagahata H, Nakayama K, Kon Y, Okui T. Inhibitory effects of trientine, a copper-chelating agent, on induction of DNA strand breaks in hepatic cells of Long-Evans Cinnamon rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1674:312-8. [PMID: 15541301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2004.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2003] [Revised: 07/13/2004] [Accepted: 07/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Effects of treatment with trientine, a specific copper-chelating agent, on accumulation of copper and induction of DNA strand breaks were investigated in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, an animal model for human Wilson's disease. Copper accumulated in the livers of LEC rats in an age-dependent manner from 4 to 13 weeks of age. When LEC rats were treated with trientine from 10 weeks of age, hepatic copper contents did not increase and were maintained at the same levels as those in 10-week-old LEC rats. When the amounts of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) were estimated by a comet assay, SSBs of DNA were induced in a substantial population of LEC rat hepatic cells around 8 weeks of age and the amounts of SSBs increased in an age-dependent manner from 8 to 15 weeks of age. When LEC rats were treated with trientine from 10 weeks of age, the observed number of cells with DNA damage decreased dramatically, suggesting that induction of SSBs of DNA was inhibited and/or SSBs were repaired during the period of treatment with trientine. The results show that treatment of LEC rats with trientine decreases the number of DNA strand breaks observed, although copper contents remain high in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Hayashi
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.
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50
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Yamamori T, Inanami O, Nagahata H, Kuwabara M. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulates the phosphorylation of NADPH oxidase component p47(phox) by controlling cPKC/PKCdelta but not Akt. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 316:720-30. [PMID: 15033459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide production by NADPH oxidase is essential for the bactericidal properties of phagocytes. Phosphorylation of p47(phox), one of the cytosolic components of NADPH oxidase, is a crucial step of the oxidase activation. Some evidences suggest that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is involved in p47(phox) phosphorylation, but it has not been fully understood how PI3K regulates it. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism underlying the PI3K regulation of p47(phox) phosphorylation. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K attenuated both fMLP-stimulated p47(phox) phosphorylation and NADPH oxidase activity in HL-60 cells differentiated to a neutrophil-like phenotype. Although fMLP elicited Akt activation in a PI3K-dependent manner, an Akt inhibitor had no effect on the oxidase activity triggered by fMLP. In vitro kinase assay revealed that Akt was unable to catalyze p47(phox) phosphorylation. Interestingly, the activation of cPKC and PKCdelta after fMLP stimulation was dependent on PI3K. Furthermore, PI3K inhibitors reduced the activation of phospholipase Cgamma2 without affecting tyrosine phosphorylation on it. These results suggest that PI3K regulates the phosphorylation of NADPH oxidase component p47(phox) by controlling diacylglycerol-dependent PKCs but not Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Yamamori
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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