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Li P, Liu Y, Faraone JN, Hsu CC, Chamblee M, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Bednash JS, Horowitz JC, Mallampalli RK, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Jones D, Li J, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Distinct patterns of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.87.1 and JN.1 variants in immune evasion, antigenicity, and cell-cell fusion. mBio 2024:e0075124. [PMID: 38591890 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00751-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants presents a constant challenge to the global vaccination effort. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into two newly emerged variants, BA.2.87.1 and JN.1, focusing on their neutralization resistance, infectivity, antigenicity, cell-cell fusion, and spike processing. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers were assessed in diverse cohorts, including individuals who received a bivalent mRNA vaccine booster, patients infected during the BA.2.86/JN.1-wave, and hamsters vaccinated with XBB.1.5-monovalent vaccine. We found that BA.2.87.1 shows much less nAb escape from WT-BA.4/5 bivalent mRNA vaccination and JN.1-wave breakthrough infection sera compared to JN.1 and XBB.1.5. Interestingly, BA.2.87.1 is more resistant to neutralization by XBB.1.5-monovalent-vaccinated hamster sera than BA.2.86/JN.1 and XBB.1.5, but efficiently neutralized by a class III monoclonal antibody S309, which largely fails to neutralize BA.2.86/JN.1. Importantly, BA.2.87.1 exhibits higher levels of infectivity, cell-cell fusion activity, and furin cleavage efficiency than BA.2.86/JN.1. Antigenically, we found that BA.2.87.1 is closer to the ancestral BA.2 compared to other recently emerged Omicron subvariants including BA.2.86/JN.1 and XBB.1.5. Altogether, these results highlight immune escape properties as well as biology of new variants and underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and informed decision-making in the development of effective vaccines. IMPORTANCE This study investigates the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants, BA.2.87.1 and JN.1, in comparison to earlier variants and the parental D614G. Varied infectivity and cell-cell fusion activity among these variants suggest potential disparities in their ability to infect target cells and possibly pathogenesis. BA.2.87.1 exhibits lower nAb escape from bivalent mRNA vaccinee and BA.2.86/JN.1-infected sera than JN.1 but is relatively resistance to XBB.1.5-vaccinated hamster sera, revealing distinct properties in immune reason and underscoring the significance of continuing surveillance of variants and reformulation of vaccines. Antigenic differences between BA.2.87.1 and other earlier variants yield critical information not only for antibody evasion but also for viral evolution. In conclusion, this study furnishes timely insights into the spike biology and immune escape of the emerging variants BA.2.87.1 and JN.1, thus guiding effective vaccine development and informing public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yajie Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Julia N Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cheng Chih Hsu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michelle Chamblee
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph S Bednash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Li P, Liu Y, Faraone J, Hsu CC, Chamblee M, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Bednash JS, Horowitz JC, Mallampalli RK, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Jones D, Li J, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Distinct Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.87.1 and JN.1 Variants in Immune Evasion, Antigenicity and Cell-Cell Fusion. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.11.583978. [PMID: 38559216 PMCID: PMC10979924 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.11.583978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants presents a constant challenge to the global vaccination effort. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into two newly emerged variants, BA.2.87.1 and JN.1, focusing on their neutralization resistance, infectivity, antigenicity, cell-cell fusion, and spike processing. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers were assessed in diverse cohorts, including individuals who received a bivalent mRNA vaccine booster, patients infected during the BA.2.86/JN.1-wave, and hamsters vaccinated with XBB.1.5-monovalent vaccine. We found that BA.2.87.1 shows much less nAb escape from WT-BA.4/5 bivalent mRNA vaccination and JN.1-wave breakthrough infection sera compared to JN.1 and XBB.1.5. Interestingly. BA.2.87.1 is more resistant to neutralization by XBB.15-monovalent-vaccinated hamster sera than BA.2.86/JN.1 and XBB.1.5, but efficiently neutralized by a class III monoclonal antibody S309, which largely fails to neutralize BA.2.86/JN.1. Importantly, BA.2.87.1 exhibits higher levels of infectivity, cell-cell fusion activity, and furin cleavage efficiency than BA.2.86/JN.1. Antigenically, we found that BA.2.87.1 is closer to the ancestral BA.2 compared to other recently emerged Omicron subvariants including BA.2.86/JN.1 and XBB.1.5. Altogether, these results highlight immune escape properties as well as biology of new variants and underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and informed decision-making in the development of effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yajie Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Cheng Chih Hsu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michelle Chamblee
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph S. Bednash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Horowitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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3
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Qu P, Xu K, Faraone JN, Goodarzi N, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Bednash JS, Horowitz JC, Mallampalli RK, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Jones D, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Immune evasion, infectivity, and fusogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 and FLip variants. Cell 2024; 187:585-595.e6. [PMID: 38194968 PMCID: PMC10872432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires the reassessment of current vaccine measures. Here, we characterized BA.2.86 and XBB-derived variant FLip by investigating their neutralization alongside D614G, BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, XBB.1.5, and EG.5.1 by sera from 3-dose-vaccinated and bivalent-vaccinated healthcare workers, XBB.1.5-wave-infected first responders, and monoclonal antibody (mAb) S309. We assessed the biology of the variant spikes by measuring viral infectivity and membrane fusogenicity. BA.2.86 is less immune evasive compared to FLip and other XBB variants, consistent with antigenic distances. Importantly, distinct from XBB variants, mAb S309 was unable to neutralize BA.2.86, likely due to a D339H mutation based on modeling. BA.2.86 had relatively high fusogenicity and infectivity in CaLu-3 cells but low fusion and infectivity in 293T-ACE2 cells compared to some XBB variants, suggesting a potentially different conformational stability of BA.2.86 spike. Overall, our study underscores the importance of SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance and the need for updated COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia N Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Negin Goodarzi
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph S Bednash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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4
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Faraone JN, Qu P, Goodarzi N, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Xu K, Jones D, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Immune evasion and membrane fusion of SARS-CoV-2 XBB subvariants EG.5.1 and XBB.2.3. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2270069. [PMID: 37819267 PMCID: PMC10606793 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2270069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 paired with immune imprinting from monovalent mRNA vaccines has resulted in attenuated neutralizing antibody responses against Omicron subvariants. In this study, we characterized two new XBB variants rising in circulation - EG.5.1 and XBB.2.3, for their neutralization and syncytia formation. We determined the neutralizing antibody titers in sera of individuals that received a bivalent mRNA vaccine booster, BA.4/5-wave infection, or XBB.1.5-wave infection. Bivalent vaccination-induced antibodies neutralized ancestral D614G efficiently, but to a much less extent, two new EG.5.1 and XBB.2.3 variants. In fact, the enhanced neutralization escape of EG.5.1 appeared to be driven by its key defining mutation XBB.1.5-F456L. Notably, infection by BA.4/5 or XBB.1.5 afforded little, if any, neutralization against EG.5.1, XBB.2.3 and previous XBB variants - especially in unvaccinated individuals, with average neutralizing antibody titers near the limit of detection. Additionally, we investigated the infectivity, fusion activity, and processing of variant spikes for EG.5.1 and XBB.2.3 in HEK293T-ACE2 and CaLu-3 cells but found no significant differences compared to earlier XBB variants. Overall, our findings highlight the continued immune evasion of new Omicron subvariants and, more importantly, the need to reformulate mRNA vaccines to include XBB spikes for better protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Negin Goodarzi
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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5
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Faraone JN, Qu P, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Jones D, Panchal AR, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Continued evasion of neutralizing antibody response by Omicron XBB.1.16. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113193. [PMID: 37777967 PMCID: PMC10872815 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to challenge the efficacy of vaccination efforts against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Omicron XBB lineage of SARS-CoV-2 has presented dramatic evasion of neutralizing antibodies stimulated by mRNA vaccination and COVID-19 convalescence. XBB.1.16, characterized by two mutations relative to the dominating variant XBB.1.5, i.e., E180V and K478R, has been on the rise globally. In this study, we compare the immune escape of XBB.1.16 with XBB.1.5, alongside ancestral variants D614G, BA.2, and BA.4/5. We demonstrate that XBB.1.16 is strongly immune evasive, with extent comparable to XBB.1.5 in bivalent-vaccinated healthcare worker sera, 3-dose-vaccinated healthcare worker sera, and BA.4/5-wave convalescent sera. Interestingly, the XBB.1.16 spike is less fusogenic than that of XBB.1.5, and this phenotype requires both E180V and K478R mutations to manifest. Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of the continued surveillance of variants and the need for updated mRNA vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashish R Panchal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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6
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Raev SA, Raque M, Kick MK, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Differential transcriptome response following infection of porcine ileal enteroids with species A and C rotaviruses. Virol J 2023; 20:238. [PMID: 37848925 PMCID: PMC10580564 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus C (RVC) is the major causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in suckling piglets, while most RVAs mostly affect weaned animals. Besides, while most RVA strains can be propagated in MA-104 and other continuous cell lines, attempts to isolate and culture RVC strains remain largely unsuccessful. The host factors associated with these unique RVC characteristics remain unknown. METHODS In this study, we have comparatively evaluated transcriptome responses of porcine ileal enteroids infected with RVC G1P[1] and two RVA strains (G9P[13] and G5P[7]) with a focus on innate immunity and virus-host receptor interactions. RESULTS The analysis of differentially expressed genes regulating antiviral immune response indicated that in contrast to RVA, RVC infection resulted in robust upregulation of expression of the genes encoding pattern recognition receptors including RIG1-like receptors and melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5. RVC infection was associated with a prominent upregulation of the most of glycosyltransferase-encoding genes except for the sialyltransferase-encoding genes which were downregulated similar to the effects observed for G9P[13]. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide novel data highlighting the unique aspects of the RVC-associated host cellular signalling and suggest that increased upregulation of the key antiviral factors maybe one of the mechanisms responsible for RVC age-specific characteristics and its inability to replicate in most cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA.
| | - Molly Raque
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA
| | - Maryssa K Kick
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA
| | - Anastasia N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44677, USA.
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7
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Jung K, Wang Q, Chang KO, Saif LJ. Intestinal colonization with Escherichia fergusonii enhances infectivity of GII.12 human norovirus in gnotobiotic pigs. Virus Res 2023; 336:199219. [PMID: 37683935 PMCID: PMC10504090 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota [especially, histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-expressing bacteria] in influencing human norovirus (HuNoV) infections is unclear. We investigated if infectivity of GII.12 HuNoV in gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs is altered by intestinal colonization with Escherichia fergusonii known to express HBGA A and H on their cell surface. Fifteen piglets were randomly grouped: (1) E. fergusonii + HuNoV (n = 6), (2) HuNoV alone (n = 6), and (3) Mock-inoculated (n = 3). Pigs (8-11-day-old) were inoculated orally with GII.12 HuNoV strain HS206 (9.5 log10 genomic equivalents/pig) or mock. For 2 days prior to viral inoculation, pigs were inoculated orally with E. fergusonii [8 log10 colony forming units/pig/day]. Daily fecal consistency, fecal viral RNA or E. fergusonii shedding, and histopathology (at euthanasia) were evaluated. Unlike the reduced infectivity of GII.4 HuNoV observed previously in Gn pigs colonized with Enterobacter cloacae known to express HBGA A, B, and H on the surface, E. fergusonii + HuNoV pigs exhibited significantly higher cumulative fecal HuNoV RNA shedding at PIDs 6-14 and 1-21 compared with HuNoV alone pigs. Mean days of fecal HuNoV RNA shedding were also significantly greater in E. fergusonii + HuNoV pigs (11.8 ± 1.6 days) compared with HuNoV alone pigs (7.0 ± 1.0 days). By immunofluorescent staining, HuNoV antigen-positive bacteria were detected on the surface of the intestinal epithelium, possibly enhancing attachment of HuNoV to enterocytes, suggesting a potential mechanism by which intestinal colonization with E. fergusonii promoted infectivity of GII.12 HuNoV in Gn pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwonil Jung
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA.
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyeong-Ok Chang
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA.
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8
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Qu P, Xu K, Faraone JN, Goodarzi N, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Bednash JS, Horowitz JC, Mallampalli RK, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Jones D, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Immune Evasion, Infectivity, and Fusogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.86 and FLip Variants. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.11.557206. [PMID: 37745517 PMCID: PMC10515800 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires the reassessment of current vaccine measures. Here, we characterized BA.2.86 and the XBB-lineage variant FLip by investigating their neutralization alongside D614G, BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, XBB.1.5, and EG.5.1 by sera from 3-dose vaccinated and bivalent vaccinated healthcare workers, XBB.1.5-wave infected first responders, and monoclonal antibody (mAb) S309. We assessed the biology of the variant Spikes by measuring viral infectivity and membrane fusogenicity. BA.2.86 is less immune evasive compared to FLip and other XBB variants, consistent with antigenic distances. Importantly, distinct from XBB variants, mAb S309 was unable to neutralize BA.2.86, likely due to a D339H mutation based on modeling. BA.2.86 had relatively high fusogenicity and infectivity in CaLu-3 cells but low fusion and infectivity in 293T-ACE2 cells compared to some XBB variants, suggesting a potentially differences conformational stability of BA.2.86 Spike. Overall, our study underscores the importance of SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance and the need for updated COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia N. Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Negin Goodarzi
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph S. Bednash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Horowitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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9
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Ehrlich M, Madden C, McBride DS, Nolting JM, Huey D, Kenney S, Wang Q, Saif LJ, Vlasova A, Dennis P, Lombardi D, Gibson S, McLaine A, Lauterbach S, Yaxley P, Winston JA, Diaz-Campos D, Pesapane R, Flint M, Flint J, Junge R, Faith SA, Bowman AS, Hale VL. Lack of SARS-CoV-2 Viral RNA Detection among a Convenience Sampling of Ohio Wildlife, Companion, and Agricultural Animals, 2020-2021. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2554. [PMID: 37627345 PMCID: PMC10451347 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in humans in late 2019 and spread rapidly, becoming a global pandemic. A zoonotic spillover event from animal to human was identified as the presumed origin. Subsequently, reports began emerging regarding spillback events resulting in SARS-CoV-2 infections in multiple animal species. These events highlighted critical links between animal and human health while also raising concerns about the development of new reservoir hosts and potential viral mutations that could alter the virulence and transmission or evade immune responses. Characterizing susceptibility, prevalence, and transmission between animal species became a priority to help protect animal and human health. In this study, we coalesced a large team of investigators and community partners to surveil for SARS-CoV-2 in domestic and free-ranging animals around Ohio between May 2020 and August 2021. We focused on species with known or predicted susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, highly congregated or medically compromised animals (e.g., shelters, barns, veterinary hospitals), and animals that had frequent contact with humans (e.g., pets, agricultural animals, zoo animals, or animals in wildlife hospitals). This included free-ranging deer (n = 76 individuals), free-ranging mink (n = 57), multiple species of bats (n = 59), and other wildlife in addition to domestic cats (n = 275) and pigs (n = 184). In total, we tested 792 individual animals (34 species) via rRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was not detected in any of the tested animals despite a major peak in human SARS-CoV-2 cases that occurred in Ohio subsequent to the peak of animal samplings. Importantly, we did not test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in this study, which limited our ability to assess exposure. While the results of this study were negative, the surveillance effort was critical and remains key to understanding, predicting, and preventing the re-emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in humans or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Ehrlich
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher Madden
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Dillon S. McBride
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Jacqueline M. Nolting
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Devra Huey
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Scott Kenney
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Anastasia Vlasova
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Patricia Dennis
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
- Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
- Cleveland Metroparks, Cleveland, OH 44144, USA
| | | | | | - Alexis McLaine
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sarah Lauterbach
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Page Yaxley
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jenessa A. Winston
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dubraska Diaz-Campos
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Risa Pesapane
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mark Flint
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Jaylene Flint
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Randy Junge
- Columbus Zoo & Aquarium, Powell, OH 43065, USA
| | - Seth A. Faith
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew S. Bowman
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
| | - Vanessa L. Hale
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (A.V.)
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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10
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Boley PA, Dennis PM, Faraone JN, Xu J, Liu M, Niu X, Gibson S, Hale V, Wang Q, Liu SL, Saif LJ, Kenney SP. SARS-CoV-2 Serological Investigation of White-Tailed Deer in Northeastern Ohio. Viruses 2023; 15:1603. [PMID: 37515289 PMCID: PMC10385782 DOI: 10.3390/v15071603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are known to cross species barriers, and spill over among animals, from animals to humans, and vice versa. SARS-CoV-2 emerged in humans in late 2019. It is now known to infect numerous animal species, including companion animals and captive wildlife species. Experimental infections in other animals have established that many species are susceptible to infection, with new ones still being identified. We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins, that is both sensitive and specific. It can detect S antibodies in sera at dilutions greater than 1:10,000, and does not cross-react with antibodies to the other coronaviruses tested. We used the S antibody ELISA to test serum samples collected from 472 deer from ten sites in northeastern Ohio between November 2020 and March 2021, when the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was first peaking in humans in Ohio, USA. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were found in serum samples from every site, with an overall positivity rate of 17.2%; we further compared the viral neutralizing antibody titers to our ELISA results. These findings demonstrate the need to establish surveillance programs to monitor deer and other susceptible wildlife species globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Boley
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Patricia M Dennis
- Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Julia N Faraone
- Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiayu Xu
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Mingde Liu
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Stormy Gibson
- Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Wildlife, Columbus, OH 43299, USA
| | - Vanessa Hale
- Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Scott P Kenney
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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11
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Raque M, Raev SA, Guo Y, Kick MK, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Host Cell Response to Rotavirus Infection with Emphasis on Virus-Glycan Interactions, Cholesterol Metabolism, and Innate Immunity. Viruses 2023; 15:1406. [PMID: 37515094 PMCID: PMC10385841 DOI: 10.3390/v15071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rotavirus A (RVA) is the primary cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in children and young animals, mechanisms of its replication and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that the neuraminidase-mediated removal of terminal sialic acids (SAs) significantly enhanced RVA-G9P[13] replication, while inhibiting RVA-G5P[7] replication. In this study, we compared the transcriptome responses of porcine ileal enteroids (PIEs) to G5P[7] vs. G9P[13] infections, with emphasis on the genes associated with immune response, cholesterol metabolism, and host cell attachment. The analysis demonstrated that G9P[13] infection led to a robust modulation of gene expression (4093 significantly modulated genes vs. 488 genes modulated by G5P[7]) and a significant modulation of glycosyltransferase-encoding genes. The two strains differentially affected signaling pathways related to immune response, with G9P[13] mostly upregulating and G5P[7] inhibiting them. Both RVAs modulated the expression of genes encoding for cholesterol transporters. G9P[13], but not G5P[7], significantly affected the ceramide synthesis pathway known to affect both cholesterol and glycan metabolism. Thus, our results highlight the unique mechanisms regulating cellular response to infection caused by emerging/re-emerging and historical RVA strains relevant to RVA-receptor interactions, metabolic pathways, and immune signaling pathways that are critical in the design of effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Raque
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sergei A Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yusheng Guo
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maryssa K Kick
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anastasia N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
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12
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Chepngeno J, Amimo JO, Michael H, Raev SA, Jung K, Lee MV, Damtie D, Omwando A, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. Vitamin A deficiency and vitamin A supplementation affect innate and T cell immune responses to rotavirus A infection in a conventional sow model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188757. [PMID: 37180172 PMCID: PMC10166828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) causes ~200,000 diarrheal deaths annually in children <5yrs, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. Risk factors include nutritional status, social factors, breastfeeding status, and immunodeficiency. We evaluated the effects of vitamin A (VA) deficiency/VA supplementation and RVA exposure (anamnestic) on innate and T cell immune responses in RVA seropositive pregnant and lactating sows and passive protection of their piglets post-RVA challenge. Sows were fed VA deficient (VAD) or sufficient (VAS) diets starting at gestation day (GD)30. A subset of VAD sows received VA supplementation from GD|76 (30,000IU/day, VAD+VA). Sows (6 groups) were inoculated with porcine RVA G5P[7] (OSU strain) or Minimal Essential Medium (mock) at GD~90: VAD+RVA; VAS+RVA; VAD+VA+RVA; VAD-mock; VAS-mock; and VAD+VA-mock. Blood, milk, and gut-associated tissues were collected from sows at several time points to examine innate [natural killer (NK), dendritic (DC) cells], T cell responses and changes in genes involved in the gut-mammary gland (MG)-immunological axis trafficking. Clinical signs of RVA were evaluated post inoculation of sows and post-challenge of piglets. We observed decreased frequencies of NK cells, total and MHCII+ plasmacytoid DCs, conventional DCs, CD103+ DCs and CD4+/CD8+ and T regulatory cells (Tregs) and NK cell activity in VAD+RVA sows. Polymeric Ig receptor and retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) genes were downregulated in mesenteric lymph nodes and ileum of VAD+RVA sows. Interestingly, RVA-specific IFN-γ producing CD4+/CD8+ T cells were increased in VAD-Mock sows, coinciding with increased IL-22 suggesting inflammation in these sows. VA supplementation to VAD+RVA sows restored frequencies of NK cells and pDCs, and NK activity, but not tissue cDCs and blood Tregs. In conclusion, similar to our recent observations of decreased B cell responses in VAD sows that led to decreased passive immune protection of their piglets, VAD impaired innate and T cell responses in sows, while VA supplementation to VAD sows restored some, but not all responses. Our data reiterate the importance of maintaining adequate VA levels and RVA immunization in pregnant and lactating mothers to achieve optimal immune responses, efficient function of the gut-MG-immune cell-axis and to improve passive protection of their piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Chepngeno
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joshua O. Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Husheem Michael
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Sergei A. Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Kwonil Jung
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Marcia V. Lee
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Debasu Damtie
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- The Ohio State University Global One Health LLC, Eastern Africa Regional Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alfred Omwando
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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13
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Faraone JN, Qu P, Evans JP, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Anghelina M, Stevens P, Fernandez S, Jones D, Lozanski G, Panchal A, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Neutralization escape of Omicron XBB, BR.2, and BA.2.3.20 subvariants. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101049. [PMID: 37148877 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
New Omicron subvariants continue to emerge throughout the world. In particular, the XBB subvariant, which is a recombinant virus between BA.2.10.1.1 and BA.2.75.3.1.1.1, as well as the BA.2.3.20 and BR.2 subvariants that contain mutations distinct from BA.2 and BA.2.75, are currently increasing in proportion of variants sequenced. Here we show that antibodies induced by 3-dose mRNA booster vaccination as well as BA.1- and BA.4/5-wave infection effectively neutralize BA.2, BR.2, and BA.2.3.20 but have significantly reduced efficiency against XBB. In addition, the BA.2.3.20 subvariant exhibits enhanced infectivity in the lung-derived CaLu-3 cells and in 293T-ACE2 cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that the XBB subvariant is highly neutralization resistant, which highlights the need for continued monitoring of the immune escape and tissue tropism of emerging Omicron subvariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mirela Anghelina
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Patrick Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Soledad Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashish Panchal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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14
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Qu P, Faraone JN, Evans JP, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Anghelina M, Stevens P, Fernandez S, Jones D, Panchal AR, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Zhang B, Zhou T, Xu K, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Enhanced evasion of neutralizing antibody response by Omicron XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1 variants. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112443. [PMID: 37104089 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Omicron subvariants continuingly challenge current vaccination strategies. Here, we demonstrate nearly complete escape of the XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1 variants from neutralizing antibodies stimulated by three doses of mRNA vaccine or by BA.4/5 wave infection, but neutralization is rescued by a BA.5-containing bivalent booster. CH.1.1 and CA.3.1 show strong immune escape from monoclonal antibody S309. Additionally, XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1 spike proteins exhibit increased fusogenicity and enhanced processing compared with BA.2. Homology modeling reveals the key roles of G252V and F486P in the neutralization resistance of XBB.1.5, with F486P also enhancing receptor binding. Further, K444T/M and L452R in CH.1.1 and CA.3.1 likely drive escape from class II neutralizing antibodies, whereas R346T and G339H mutations could confer the strong neutralization resistance of these two subvariants to S309-like antibodies. Overall, our results support the need for administration of the bivalent mRNA vaccine and continued surveillance of Omicron subvariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia N Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mirela Anghelina
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Patrick Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Soledad Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashish R Panchal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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15
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Azar JH, Evans JP, Sikorski MH, Chakravarthy KB, McKenney S, Carmody I, Zeng C, Teodorescu R, Song NJ, Hamon JL, Bucci D, Velegraki M, Bolyard C, Weller KP, Reisinger SA, Bhat SA, Maddocks KJ, Denlinger N, Epperla N, Gumina RJ, Vlasova AN, Oltz EM, Saif LJ, Chung D, Woyach JA, Shields PG, Liu SL, Li Z, Rubinstein MP. Selective suppression of de novo SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antibody responses in patients with cancer on B cell-targeted therapy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e163434. [PMID: 36749632 PMCID: PMC10070099 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed vaccine-induced antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral virus and Omicron variant before and after booster immunization in 57 patients with B cell malignancies. Over one-third of vaccinated patients at the pre-booster time point were seronegative, and these patients were predominantly on active cancer therapies such as anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. While booster immunization was able to induce detectable antibodies in a small fraction of seronegative patients, the overall booster benefit was disproportionately evident in patients already seropositive and not receiving active therapy. While ancestral virus- and Omicron variant-reactive antibody levels among individual patients were largely concordant, neutralizing antibodies against Omicron tended to be reduced. Interestingly, in all patients, including those unable to generate detectable antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike, we observed comparable levels of EBV- and influenza-reactive antibodies, demonstrating that B cell-targeting therapies primarily impair de novo but not preexisting antibody levels. These findings support rationale for vaccination before cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H. Azar
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - John P. Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program
| | - Madison H. Sikorski
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Karthik B. Chakravarthy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Selah McKenney
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Ian Carmody
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Cong Zeng
- Center for Retrovirus Research
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences
| | - Rachael Teodorescu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - No-Joon Song
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Jamie L. Hamon
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Donna Bucci
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Maria Velegraki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Kevin P. Weller
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Sarah A. Reisinger
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James, The James Cancer Hospital
| | - Seema A. Bhat
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Kami J. Maddocks
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Nathan Denlinger
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Narendranath Epperla
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; and
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute
| | - Dongjun Chung
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Woyach
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Peter G. Shields
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; and
| | - Zihai Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
| | - Mark P. Rubinstein
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James
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16
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Qu P, Faraone JN, Evans JP, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Anghelina M, Stevens P, Fernandez S, Jones D, Panchal A, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Xu K, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Extraordinary Evasion of Neutralizing Antibody Response by Omicron XBB.1.5, CH.1.1 and CA.3.1 Variants. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.16.524244. [PMID: 36711991 PMCID: PMC9882202 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.16.524244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Newly emerging Omicron subvariants continue to emerge around the world, presenting potential challenges to current vaccination strategies. This study investigates the extent of neutralizing antibody escape by new subvariants XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1, as well as their impacts on spike protein biology. Our results demonstrated a nearly complete escape of these variants from neutralizing antibodies stimulated by three doses of mRNA vaccine, but neutralization was rescued by a bivalent booster. However, CH.1.1 and CA.3.1 variants were highly resistant to both monovalent and bivalent mRNA vaccinations. We also assessed neutralization by sera from individuals infected during the BA.4/5 wave of infection and observed similar trends of immune escape. In these cohorts, XBB.1.5 did not exhibit enhanced neutralization resistance over the recently dominant BQ.1.1 variant. Notably, the spike proteins of XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1 all exhibited increased fusogenicity compared to BA.2, correlating with enhanced S processing. Overall, our results support the administration of new bivalent mRNA vaccines, especially in fighting against newly emerged Omicron subvariants, as well as the need for continued surveillance of Omicron subvariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia N. Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P. Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mirela Anghelina
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Patrick Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Soledad Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashish Panchal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Corresponding Author:
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17
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Qu P, Evans JP, Faraone JN, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Anghelina M, Stevens P, Fernandez S, Jones D, Lozanski G, Panchal A, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Xu K, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Enhanced neutralization resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, and BA.2.75.2. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:9-17.e3. [PMID: 36476380 PMCID: PMC9678813 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence of several new Omicron subvariants, including BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, and BA.2.75.2. Here, we examine the neutralization resistance of these subvariants against sera from 3-dose vaccinated healthcare workers, hospitalized BA.1-wave patients, and BA.4/5-wave patients. We found enhanced neutralization resistance in all new subvariants, especially in the BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 subvariants driven by N460K and K444T mutations, as well as the BA.2.75.2 subvariant driven largely by its F486S mutation. All Omicron subvariants maintained their weakened infectivity in Calu-3 cells, with the F486S mutation driving further diminished titer for the BA.2.75.2 subvariant. Molecular modeling revealed the mechanisms of antibody-mediated immune evasion by R346T, K444T, F486S, and D1199N mutations. Altogether, these findings shed light on the evolution of newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P. Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia N. Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mirela Anghelina
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Patrick Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Soledad Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashish Panchal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Corresponding author
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18
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Niu X, Xu J, Liu M, Tu H, Koenig SN, Saif LJ, Jones DM, Wang Q. Isolation and characterization of a SARS-CoV-2 variant with a Q677H mutation in the spike protein. Arch Virol 2023; 168:5. [PMID: 36539656 PMCID: PMC9767398 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We isolated 20 SARS-CoV-2 strains from positive clinical samples collected in Columbus, Ohio, and investigated the replication of one pair of isolates: a clade 20G strain and a variant of this strain carrying a Q677H mutation in the spike protein and six other amino acid mutations. The OSU.20G variant replicated to a higher peak infectious titer than the 20G base strain in Vero-E6 cells, but the titers were similar when both strains were grown in Calu-3 cells. These results suggest that the OSU.20G variant has increased replication fitness compared to the 20G base strain. This may have contributed to its emergence in December 2020-January 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Niu
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Present Address: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA
| | - Jiayu Xu
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH USA
| | - Mingde Liu
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH USA
| | - Huolin Tu
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943James Molecular Laboratory at Polaris, The Ohio State University James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Sara N. Koenig
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH USA
| | - Daniel M. Jones
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943James Molecular Laboratory at Polaris, The Ohio State University James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.412332.50000 0001 1545 0811Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.413944.f0000 0001 0447 4797The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH USA
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19
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Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) causes severe diarrhea in young children and animals worldwide. Several glycans terminating in sialic acids (SAs) and histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) on intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) surface have been recognized to act as attachment sites for RV. IECs are protected by the double layer of mucus of which O-glycans (including HBGAs and SAs) are a major organic component. Luminal mucins, as well as bacterial glycans, can act as decoy molecules removing RV particles from the gut. The composition of the intestinal mucus is regulated by complex O-glycan-specific interactions among the gut microbiota, RV and the host. In this review, we highlight O-glycan-mediated interactions within the intestinal lumen prior to RV attachment to IECs. A better understanding of the role of mucus is essential for the development of alternative therapeutic tools including the use of pre- and probiotics to control RV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - J O Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - L J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - A N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
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20
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Xu J, Liu M, Niu X, Hanson J, Jung K, Ru P, Tu H, Jones DM, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ, Wang Q. The Cold-Adapted, Temperature-Sensitive SARS-CoV-2 Strain TS11 Is Attenuated in Syrian Hamsters and a Candidate Attenuated Vaccine. Viruses 2022; 15:95. [PMID: 36680135 PMCID: PMC9867033 DOI: 10.3390/v15010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) replicate in the respiratory/oral mucosa, mimic natural infection, and can induce mucosal and systemic immune responses to the full repertoire of SARS-CoV-2 structural/nonstructural proteins. Generally, LAVs produce broader and more durable protection than current COVID-19 vaccines. We generated a temperature-sensitive (TS) SARS-CoV-2 mutant TS11 via cold-adaptation of the WA1 strain in Vero E6 cells. TS11 replicated at >4 Log10-higher titers at 32 °C than at 39 °C. TS11 has multiple mutations, including those in nsp3, a 12-amino acid-deletion spanning the furin cleavage site of the S protein and a 371-nucleotide-deletion spanning the ORF7b-ORF8 genes. We tested the pathogenicity and protective efficacy of TS11 against challenge with a heterologous virulent SARS-CoV-2 D614G strain 14B in Syrian hamsters. Hamsters were randomly assigned to mock immunization-challenge (Mock-C) and TS11 immunization-challenge (TS11-C) groups. Like the mock group, TS11-vaccinated hamsters did not show any clinical signs and continuously gained body weight. TS11 replicated well in the nasal cavity but poorly in the lungs and caused only mild lesions in the lungs. After challenge, hamsters in the Mock-C group lost weight. In contrast, the animals in the TS11-C group continued gaining weight. The virus titers in the nasal turbinates and lungs of the TS11-C group were significantly lower than those in the Mock-C group, confirming the protective effects of TS11 immunization of hamsters. Histopathological examination demonstrated that animals in the Mock-C group had severe pulmonary lesions and large amounts of viral antigens in the lungs post-challenge; however, the TS11-C group had minimal pathological changes and few viral antigen-positive cells. In summary, the TS11 mutant was attenuated and induced protection against disease after a heterologous SARS-CoV-2 challenge in Syrian hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Xu
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mingde Liu
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Juliette Hanson
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Kwonil Jung
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Peng Ru
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Huolin Tu
- James Molecular Laboratory at Polaris, The Ohio State University James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43240, USA
| | - Daniel M. Jones
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Molecular Laboratory at Polaris, The Ohio State University James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43240, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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21
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Qu P, Evans JP, Faraone JN, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Anghelina M, Stevens P, Fernandez S, Jones D, Lozanski G, Panchal A, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Xu K, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Enhanced neutralization resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, and BA.2.75.2. Cell Host Microbe 2022. [PMID: 36476380 DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.19.512891v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence of several new Omicron subvariants, including BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, and BA.2.75.2. Here, we examine the neutralization resistance of these subvariants against sera from 3-dose vaccinated healthcare workers, hospitalized BA.1-wave patients, and BA.4/5-wave patients. We found enhanced neutralization resistance in all new subvariants, especially in the BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 subvariants driven by N460K and K444T mutations, as well as the BA.2.75.2 subvariant driven largely by its F486S mutation. All Omicron subvariants maintained their weakened infectivity in Calu-3 cells, with the F486S mutation driving further diminished titer for the BA.2.75.2 subvariant. Molecular modeling revealed the mechanisms of antibody-mediated immune evasion by R346T, K444T, F486S, and D1199N mutations. Altogether, these findings shed light on the evolution of newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia N Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mirela Anghelina
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Patrick Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Soledad Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashish Panchal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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22
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Raev SA, Omwando AM, Guo Y, Raque MS, Amimo JO, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Glycan-mediated interactions between bacteria, rotavirus and the host cells provide an additional mechanism of antiviral defence. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:383-396. [PMID: 36239669 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Limited efficacy of rotavirus (RV) vaccines in children in developing countries and in animals remains a significant problem necessitating further search for additional approaches to control RV-associated gastroenteritis. During cell attachment and entry events, RV interacts with cell surface O-glycans including histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). Besides modulation of the protective immunity against RV, several commensal and probiotic bacteria were shown to express HBGA-like substances suggesting that they may affect RV attachment and entry into the host cells. Moreover, some beneficial bacteria have been shown to possess the ability to bind host HBGAs via sugar specific proteins called lectins. However, limited research has been done to evaluate the effects of HBGA-expressing and/or HBGA-binding bacteria on RV infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of selected commensal and probiotic bacteria to bind different RV strains via HBGAs and to block RV infection of IPEC-J2 cells. Our data indicated that Gram-negative probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (E. coli Nissle 1917) and commensal Gram-positive (Streptococcus bovis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis) and Gram-negative (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Clostridium clostridioforme and Escherichia coli G58 (E. coli G58) bacteria of swine origin expressed HBGAs which correlated with their ability to bind group A and C RVs. Additionally, Gram-positive E. coli 1917 and E. coli G58 demonstrated the ability to block RV attachment onto IPEC-J2 cells. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that physical interactions between RVs and HBGA-expressing beneficial bacteria may limit RV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - A M Omwando
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Y Guo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - M S Raque
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - J O Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - L J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - A N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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23
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Qu P, Evans JP, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Xu K, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Evasion of neutralizing antibody responses by the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.75 variant. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1518-1526.e4. [PMID: 36240764 PMCID: PMC9515334 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The newly emerged BA.2.75 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant contains 9 additional mutations in its spike (S) protein compared to the ancestral BA.2 variant. Here, we examine the neutralizing antibody escape of BA.2.75 in mRNA-vaccinated and BA.1-infected individuals, as well as the molecular basis underlying functional changes in S. Notably, BA.2.75 exhibits enhanced neutralization resistance over BA.2 but less than the BA.4/5 variant. The G446S and N460K mutations of BA.2.75 are primarily responsible for its enhanced resistance to neutralizing antibodies. The R493Q mutation, a reversion to the prototype sequence, reduces BA.2.75 neutralization resistance. The impact of these mutations is consistent with their locations in common neutralizing antibody epitopes. Further, BA.2.75 shows enhanced cell-cell fusion over BA.2, driven largely by the N460K mutation, which enhances S processing. Structural modeling reveals enhanced receptor contacts introduced by N460K, suggesting a mechanism of potentiated receptor utilization and syncytia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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24
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Chepngeno J, Amimo JO, Michael H, Jung K, Raev S, Lee MV, Damtie D, Mainga AO, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. Rotavirus A Inoculation and Oral Vitamin A Supplementation of Vitamin A Deficient Pregnant Sows Enhances Maternal Adaptive Immunity and Passive Protection of Piglets against Virulent Rotavirus A. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112354. [PMID: 36366453 PMCID: PMC9697517 DOI: 10.3390/v14112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of vitamin A deficiency (VAD)/supplementation (±VA) and group A RV (RVA) maternal immunization of RVA seropositive multiparous pregnant sows, on their immune responses (anamnestic response) and on passive protection of their piglets against RVA challenge. Our results showed that VAD- mock sows had increased RVA RNA shedding at 1-5 days post piglet RVA challenge, and their litters had increased RVA shedding and diarrhea frequency throughout the experiment. VAD decreased memory B cell frequencies while VA supplementation increased RVA specific IgA/IgG antibody (Ab) secreting cell (ASC) numbers in blood, milk, and tissues of RVA inoculated VAD sows. The increased numbers of RVA specific IgA/IgG ASCs in blood, milk/colostrum, intestinal contents, and tissues in VA supplemented VAD sows, suggest a role of VA in B cell immunity and trafficking to tissues. We also observed that RVA inoculated sows had the highest viral neutralizing Ab titers in serum and milk while VA supplementation of VAD sows and RVA inoculation increased IgA+ B cell frequencies in sow colostrum. In summary, we demonstrated that daily oral VA-supplementation (2nd trimester-throughout lactation) to RVA inoculated VAD sows improved the function of their gut-mammary-IgA immunological axis, reducing viral RNA shedding, diarrhea, and increasing weight gain in suckling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Chepngeno
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Joshua O. Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00625, Kenya
| | - Husheem Michael
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Kwonil Jung
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Sergei Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Marcia V. Lee
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Debasu Damtie
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- The Ohio State University Global One Health LLC, Eastern Africa Regional Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alfred O. Mainga
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00625, Kenya
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Correspondence: (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Correspondence: (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
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25
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Qu P, Evans JP, Faraone J, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Anghelina M, Stevens P, Fernandez S, Jones D, Lozanski G, Panchal A, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Xu K, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Distinct Neutralizing Antibody Escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7 and BA.2.75.2. bioRxiv 2022:2022.10.19.512891. [PMID: 36299423 PMCID: PMC9603827 DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.19.512891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence of several new Omicron subvariants, including BQ.1, BQ. 1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7 and BA.2.75.2. Here we examine the neutralization resistance of these subvariants, as well as their ancestral BA.4/5, BA.2.75 and D614G variants, against sera from 3-dose vaccinated health care workers, hospitalized BA.1-wave patients, and BA.5-wave patients. We found enhanced neutralization resistance in all new subvariants, especially the BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 subvariants driven by a key N460K mutation, and to a lesser extent, R346T and K444T mutations, as well as the BA.2.75.2 subvariant driven largely by its F486S mutation. The BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 subvariants also exhibited enhanced fusogenicity and S processing dictated by the N460K mutation. Interestingly, the BA.2.75.2 subvariant saw an enhancement by the F486S mutation and a reduction by the D1199N mutation to its fusogenicity and S processing, resulting in minimal overall change. Molecular modelling revealed the mechanisms of receptor-binding and non-receptor binding monoclonal antibody-mediated immune evasion by R346T, K444T, F486S and D1199N mutations. Altogether, these findings shed light on the concerning evolution of newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P. Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mirela Anghelina
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Patrick Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Soledad Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashish Panchal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Corresponding Author:
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26
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Qu P, Faraone JN, Evans JP, Zheng YM, Yu L, Ma Q, Carlin C, Lozanski G, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Durability of Booster mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 Subvariants. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:1329-1331. [PMID: 36069925 PMCID: PMC9511629 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2210546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Lianbo Yu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Qin Ma
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Guo Y, Raev S, Kick MK, Raque M, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Rotavirus C Replication in Porcine Intestinal Enteroids Reveals Roles for Cellular Cholesterol and Sialic Acids. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081825. [PMID: 36016447 PMCID: PMC9416568 DOI: 10.3390/v14081825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are a significant cause of severe diarrheal illness in infants and young animals, including pigs. Group C rotavirus (RVC) is an emerging pathogen increasingly reported in pigs and humans worldwide, and is currently recognized as the major cause of gastroenteritis in neonatal piglets that results in substantial economic losses to the pork industry. However, little is known about RVC pathogenesis due to the lack of a robust cell culture system, with the exception of the RVC Cowden strain. Here, we evaluated the permissiveness of porcine crypt-derived 3D and 2D intestinal enteroid (PIE) culture systems for RVC infection. Differentiated 3D and 2D PIEs were infected with porcine RVC (PRVC) Cowden G1P[1], PRVC104 G3P[18], and PRVC143 G6P[5] virulent strains, and the virus replication was measured by qRT-PCR. Our results demonstrated that all RVC strains replicated in 2D-PIEs poorly, while 3D-PIEs supported a higher level of replication, suggesting that RVC selectively infects terminally differentiated enterocytes, which were less abundant in the 2D vs. 3D PIE cultures. While cellular receptors for RVC are unknown, target cell surface carbohydrates, including histo-blood-group antigens (HBGAs) and sialic acids (SAs), are believed to play a role in cell attachment/entry. The evaluation of the selective binding of RVCs to different HBGAs revealed that PRVC Cowden G1P[1] replicated to the highest titers in the HBGA-A PIEs, while PRVC104 or PRVC143 achieved the highest titers in the HBGA-H PIEs. Further, contrasting outcomes were observed following sialidase treatment (resulting in terminal SA removal), which significantly enhanced Cowden and RVC143 replication, but inhibited the growth of PRVC104. These observations suggest that different RVC strains may recognize terminal (PRVC104) as well as internal (Cowden and RVC143) SAs on gangliosides. Finally, several cell culture additives, such as diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-dextran, cholesterol, and bile extract, were tested to establish if they could enhance RVC replication. We observed that only DEAE-dextran significantly enhanced RVC attachment, but it had no effect on RVC replication. Additionally, the depletion of cellular cholesterol by MβCD inhibited Cowden replication, while the restoration of the cellular cholesterol partially reversed the MβCD effects. These results suggest that cellular cholesterol plays an important role in the replication of the PRVC strain tested. Overall, our study has established a novel robust and physiologically relevant system to investigate RVC pathogenesis. We also generated novel, experimentally derived evidence regarding the role of host glycans, DEAE, and cholesterol in RVC replication, which is critical for the development of control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Guo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Sergei Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Maryssa K. Kick
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Molly Raque
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Correspondence:
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Qu P, Evans JP, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Xu K, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Evasion of Neutralizing Antibody Response by the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.75 Variant. bioRxiv 2022:2022.08.14.503921. [PMID: 36032970 PMCID: PMC9413709 DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.14.503921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The newly emerged BA.2.75 SARS-CoV-2 variant exhibits an alarming 9 additional mutations in its spike (S) protein compared to the ancestral BA.2 variant. Here we examine the neutralizing antibody escape of BA.2.75 in mRNA-vaccinated and BA.1-infected individuals, as well as the molecular basis underlying functional changes in the S protein. Notably, BA.2.75 exhibits enhanced neutralization resistance over BA.2, but less than the BA.4/5 variant. The G446S and N460K mutations of BA.2.75 are primarily responsible for its enhanced resistance to neutralizing antibodies. The R493Q mutation, a reversion to the prototype sequence, reduces BA.2.75 neutralization resistance. The mutational impact is consistent with their locations in common neutralizing antibody epitopes. Further, the BA.2.75 variant shows enhanced cell-cell fusion over BA.2, driven largely by the N460K mutation, which enhances S processing. Structural modeling revealed a new receptor contact introduced by N460K, supporting a mechanism of potentiated receptor utilization and syncytia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P. Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Evans JP, Zeng C, Qu P, Faraone J, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Bednash JS, Zhou T, Lozanski G, Mallampalli R, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Mohler PJ, Xu K, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1093-1102.e3. [PMID: 35526534 PMCID: PMC9035359 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant sub-lineages, BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2, have reignited concern over potential escape from vaccine- and infection-induced immunity. We examine the sensitivity of these sub-lineages and other major variants to neutralizing antibodies from mRNA-vaccinated and boosted individuals, as well as recovered COVID-19 patients, including those infected with Omicron. We find that all Omicron sub-lineages, especially BA.1 and BA.1.1, exhibit substantial immune escape that is largely overcome by mRNA vaccine booster doses. While Omicron BA.1.1 escapes almost completely from neutralization by early-pandemic COVID-19 patient sera and to a lesser extent from sera of Delta-infected patients, BA.1.1 is sensitive to Omicron-infected patient sera. Critically, all Omicron sub-lineages, including BA.2, are comparably neutralized by Omicron patient sera. These results highlight the importance of booster vaccine doses for protection against all Omicron variants and provide insight into the immunity from natural infection against Omicron sub-lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Cong Zeng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph S Bednash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rama Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Qu P, Faraone JN, Evans JP, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Lozanski G, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Durability of the Neutralizing Antibody Response to mRNA Booster Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 Variants. bioRxiv 2022:2022.07.21.501010. [PMID: 35898337 PMCID: PMC9327628 DOI: 10.1101/2022.07.21.501010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 variants has led to rising COVID-19 case numbers and concerns over the continued efficacy of mRNA booster vaccination. Here we examine the durability of neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses against these SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants in a cohort of health care workers 1-40 weeks after mRNA booster dose administration. Neutralizing antibody titers fell by ~1.5-fold 4-6 months and by ~2.5-fold 7-9 months after booster dose, with average nAb titers falling by 11-15% every 30 days, far more stable than two dose induced immunity. Notably, nAb titers from booster recipients against SARS-CoV-2 BA.1, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5 variants were ~4.7-, 7.6-, and 13.4-fold lower than against the ancestral D614G spike. However, the rate of waning of booster dose immunity was comparable across variants. Importantly, individuals reporting prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited significantly higher nAb titers compared to those without breakthrough infection. Collectively, these results highlight the broad and stable neutralizing antibody response induced by mRNA booster dose administration, implicating a significant role of virus evolution to evade nAb specificity, versus waning humoral immunity, in increasing rates of breakthrough infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia N. Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P. Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Qu P, Faraone J, Evans JP, Zou X, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Bednash JS, Lozanski G, Mallampalli RK, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Mohler PJ, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 Subvariants. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:2526-2528. [PMID: 35704428 PMCID: PMC9258774 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2206725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Xue Zou
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Evans JP, Qu P, Zeng C, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Bednash JS, Lozanski G, Mallampalli RK, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Mohler PJ, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Deltacron and BA.3 Variants. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:2340-2342. [PMID: 35584183 PMCID: PMC9165560 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2205019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Panke Qu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Alhamo MA, Boley PA, Liu M, Niu X, Yadav KK, Lee C, Saif LJ, Wang Q, Kenney SP. Characterization of the Cross-Species Transmission Potential for Porcine Deltacoronaviruses Expressing Sparrow Coronavirus Spike Protein in Commercial Poultry. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061225. [PMID: 35746696 PMCID: PMC9230012 DOI: 10.3390/v14061225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian species often serve as transmission vectors and sources of recombination for viral infections due to their ability to travel vast distances and their gregarious behaviors. Recently a novel deltacoronavirus (DCoV) was identified in sparrows. Sparrow deltacoronavirus (SpDCoV), coupled with close contact between sparrows and swine carrying porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) may facilitate recombination of DCoVs resulting in novel CoV variants. We hypothesized that the spike (S) protein or receptor-binding domain (RBD) from sparrow coronaviruses (SpCoVs) may enhance infection in poultry. We used recombinant chimeric viruses, which express S protein or the RBD of SpCoV (icPDCoV-SHKU17, and icPDCoV-RBDISU) on the genomic backbone of an infectious clone of PDCoV (icPDCoV). Chimeric viruses were utilized to infect chicken derived DF-1 cells, turkey poults, and embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) to examine permissiveness, viral replication kinetics, pathogenesis and pathology. We demonstrated that DF-1 cells in addition to the positive control LLC-PK1 cells are susceptible to SpCoV spike- and RBD- recombinant chimeric virus infections. However, the replication of chimeric viruses in DF-1 cells, but not LLC-PK1 cells, was inefficient. Inoculated 8-day-old turkey poults appeared resistant to icPDCoV-, icPDCoV-SHKU17- and icPDCoV-RBDISU virus infections. In 5-day-old ECEs, significant mortality was observed in PDCoV inoculated eggs with less in the spike chimeras, while in 11-day-old ECEs there was no evidence of viral replication, suggesting that PDCoV is better adapted to cross species infection and differentiated ECE cells are not susceptible to PDCoV infection. Collectively, we demonstrate that the SpCoV chimeric viruses are not more infectious in turkeys, nor ECEs than wild type PDCoV. Therefore, understanding the cell and host factors that contribute to resistance to PDCoV and avian-swine chimeric virus infections may aid in the design of novel antiviral therapies against DCoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyasar A. Alhamo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (M.A.A.); (P.A.B.); (M.L.); (X.N.); (K.K.Y.); (C.L.); (L.J.S.)
- UC Davis Institute for Regenerative Cures, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 85817, USA
| | - Patricia A. Boley
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (M.A.A.); (P.A.B.); (M.L.); (X.N.); (K.K.Y.); (C.L.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Mingde Liu
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (M.A.A.); (P.A.B.); (M.L.); (X.N.); (K.K.Y.); (C.L.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (M.A.A.); (P.A.B.); (M.L.); (X.N.); (K.K.Y.); (C.L.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Kush Kumar Yadav
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (M.A.A.); (P.A.B.); (M.L.); (X.N.); (K.K.Y.); (C.L.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Carolyn Lee
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (M.A.A.); (P.A.B.); (M.L.); (X.N.); (K.K.Y.); (C.L.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (M.A.A.); (P.A.B.); (M.L.); (X.N.); (K.K.Y.); (C.L.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (M.A.A.); (P.A.B.); (M.L.); (X.N.); (K.K.Y.); (C.L.); (L.J.S.)
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (S.P.K.); Tel.: +1-330-263-3960 (Q.W.); +1-330-263-3747 (S.P.K.)
| | - Scott P. Kenney
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (M.A.A.); (P.A.B.); (M.L.); (X.N.); (K.K.Y.); (C.L.); (L.J.S.)
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (S.P.K.); Tel.: +1-330-263-3960 (Q.W.); +1-330-263-3747 (S.P.K.)
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Michael H, Amimo JO, Rajashekara G, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Mechanisms of Kwashiorkor-Associated Immune Suppression: Insights From Human, Mouse, and Pig Studies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826268. [PMID: 35585989 PMCID: PMC9108366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition refers to inadequate energy and/or nutrient intake. Malnutrition exhibits a bidirectional relationship with infections whereby malnutrition increases risk of infections that further aggravates malnutrition. Severe malnutrition (SM) is the main cause of secondary immune deficiency and mortality among children in developing countries. SM can manifest as marasmus (non-edematous), observed most often (68.6% of all malnutrition cases), kwashiorkor (edematous), detected in 23.8% of cases, and marasmic kwashiorkor, identified in ~7.6% of SM cases. Marasmus and kwashiorkor occur due to calorie-energy and protein-calorie deficiency (PCD), respectively. Kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor present with reduced protein levels, protein catabolism rates, and altered levels of micronutrients leading to uncontrolled oxidative stress, exhaustion of anaerobic commensals, and proliferation of pathobionts. Due to these alterations, kwashiorkor children present with profoundly impaired immune function, compromised intestinal barrier, and secondary micronutrient deficiencies. Kwashiorkor-induced alterations contribute to growth stunting and reduced efficacy of oral vaccines. SM is treated with antibiotics and ready-to-use therapeutic foods with variable efficacy. Kwashiorkor has been extensively investigated in gnotobiotic (Gn) mice and piglet models to understand its multiple immediate and long-term effects on children health. Due to numerous physiological and immunological similarities between pigs and humans, pig represents a highly relevant model to study kwashiorkor pathophysiology and immunology. Here we summarize the impact of kwashiorkor on children’s health, immunity, and gut functions and review the relevant findings from human and animal studies. We also discuss the reciprocal interactions between PCD and rotavirus—a highly prevalent enteric childhood pathogen due to which pathogenesis and immunity are affected by childhood SM.
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Adhikari B, Oltz EM, Gumina RJ, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination induces short-term polyclonal antibody response against seasonal endemic coronaviruses. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.182.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Antibody (Ab) responses induced by endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) may affect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific Ab production due to cross-reactivity among these HCoVs. To explore this hypothesis, we collected serum samples of healthy healthcare workers (HCW) at four time-points: pre-vaccination, post-vaccination (1st and 2nd dose) and 6 months post-vaccination. We used N protein peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) specific for alphaCoVs (NL63 and 229E) and betaCoVs (OC43 and HKU1) as well as N and S peptide-based ELISA for SARS-CoV-2. Low levels of SARS-CoV-2 N protein-specific Abs were present in some individuals prior to vaccination. The level remained constant following one or two doses of vaccine and declined after 6 months. SARS-CoV-2 S protein-specific Abs level were low in most individuals prior to vaccination, increased sharply following 1st and 2nd vaccinations and declined by 6 months.
We observed low levels of pre-existing IgG Abs against endemic HCoVs prior to COVID-19 vaccination. However, like SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG Ab titers, they increased (1.6–1.9-fold) following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and waned 6 months later. IgG Abs surge targeting HCoV N protein suggest polyclonal activation of memory B cell responses induced by the S gene based COVID-19 vaccines. The levels of IgG Abs against endemic HCoVs were 1.1–1.5 times higher in SARS-CoV-2 seropositive vs. seronegative individuals, suggesting serological cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and other HCoVs. In summary, short-term immunity (six months) against common cold causing HCoVs can be reactivated following COVID-19 vaccination however it requires booster dose for long term protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Adhikari
- 1Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- 2Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Linda J. Saif
- 1Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- 1Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University
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Evans JP, Zeng C, Carlin C, Lozanski G, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Neutralizing antibody responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination wane over time and are boosted by breakthrough infection. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn8057. [PMID: 35166573 PMCID: PMC8939766 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn8057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The waning efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, combined with the continued emergence of variants resistant to vaccine-induced immunity, has reignited debate over the need for booster vaccine doses. To address this, we examined the neutralizing antibody response against the spike protein of five major SARS-CoV-2 variants, D614G, Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529), in health care workers (HCWs) vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. Serum samples were collected before vaccination, 3 weeks after first vaccination, 1 month after second vaccination, and 6 months after second vaccination. Minimal neutralizing antibody titers were detected against Omicron pseudovirus at all four time points, including for most patients who had SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections. Neutralizing antibody titers against all other variant spike protein-bearing pseudoviruses declined markedly from 1 to 6 months after the second mRNA vaccine dose, although SARS-CoV-2 infection boosted vaccine responses. In addition, mRNA-1273-vaccinated HCWs exhibited about twofold higher neutralizing antibody titers than BNT162b2-vaccinated HCWs. Together, these results demonstrate possible waning of antibody-mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants that is dependent on prior infection status and the mRNA vaccine received. They also show that the Omicron variant spike protein can almost completely escape from neutralizing antibodies elicited in recipients of only two mRNA vaccine doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Cong Zeng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Vlasova AN, Toh TH, Lee JSY, Poovorawan Y, Davis P, Azevedo MSP, Lednicky JA, Saif LJ, Gray GC. Animal alphacoronaviruses found in human patients with acute respiratory illness in different countries. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:699-702. [PMID: 35156544 PMCID: PMC8890521 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Here we review the existing evidence of animal alphacoronaviruses (Alphacoronavirus 1 species) circulating in human patients with acute respiratory illness. Thus far, the viruses similar to canine, feline and porcine alphacoronaviruses (including the most recent CCoV-HuPn-2018 and HuCCoV_Z19) have been detected in humans in Haiti, Malaysia, Thailand, and USA. The available data suggest that these viruses emerged in different geographic locations independently and have circulated in humans for at least 20 years. Additional studies are needed to investigate their prevalence and disease impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Teck-Hock Toh
- Clinical Research Center, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jeffrey Soon-Yit Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phillip Davis
- MRIGlobal, 425 Dr Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Marli S P Azevedo
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - John A Lednicky
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Microbiology and Immunology, and Preventive Medicine & Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Vlasova AN, Diaz A, Damtie D, Xiu L, Toh TH, Lee JSY, Saif LJ, Gray GC. Novel Canine Coronavirus Isolated from a Hospitalized Patient With Pneumonia in East Malaysia. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:446-454. [PMID: 34013321 PMCID: PMC8194511 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the validation of a highly sensitive panspecies coronavirus (CoV) seminested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, we found canine CoV (CCoV) RNA in nasopharyngeal swab samples from 8 of 301 patients (2.5%) hospitalized with pneumonia during 2017-2018 in Sarawak, Malaysia. Most patients were children living in rural areas with frequent exposure to domesticated animals and wildlife. METHODS Specimens were further studied with universal and species-specific CoV and CCoV 1-step RT-PCR assays, and viral isolation was performed in A72 canine cells. Complete genome sequencing was conducted using the Sanger method. RESULTS Two of 8 specimens contained sufficient amounts of CCoVs as confirmed by less-sensitive single-step RT-PCR assays, and 1 specimen demonstrated cytopathic effects in A72 cells. Complete genome sequencing of the virus causing cytopathic effects identified it as a novel canine-feline recombinant alphacoronavirus (genotype II) that we named CCoV-human pneumonia (HuPn)-2018. Most of the CCoV-HuPn-2018 genome is more closely related to a CCoV TN-449, while its S gene shared significantly higher sequence identity with CCoV-UCD-1 (S1 domain) and a feline CoV WSU 79-1683 (S2 domain). CCoV-HuPn-2018 is unique for a 36-nucleotide (12-amino acid) deletion in the N protein and the presence of full-length and truncated 7b nonstructural protein, which may have clinical relevance. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of a novel canine-feline recombinant alphacoronavirus isolated from a human patient with pneumonia. If confirmed as a pathogen, it may represent the eighth unique coronavirus known to cause disease in humans. Our findings underscore the public health threat of animal CoVs and a need to conduct better surveillance for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Annika Diaz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Debasu Damtie
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- The Ohio State University Global One Health LLC, Eastern Africa Regional Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Leshan Xiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Teck-Hock Toh
- Clinical Research Center, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jeffrey Soon-Yit Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Spencer TE, Wells KD, Lee K, Telugu BP, Hansen PJ, Bartol FF, Blomberg L, Schook LB, Dawson H, Lunney JK, Driver JP, Davis TA, Donovan SM, Dilger RN, Saif LJ, Moeser A, McGill JL, Smith G, Ireland JJ. Future of biomedical, agricultural, and biological systems research using domesticated animals. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:629-638. [PMID: 35094055 PMCID: PMC9189970 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased knowledge of reproduction and health of domesticated animals is integral to sustain and improve global competitiveness of U.S. animal agriculture, understand and resolve complex animal and human diseases, and advance fundamental research in sciences that are critical to understanding mechanisms of action and identifying future targets for interventions. Historically, federal and state budgets have dwindled and funding for the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) competitive grants programs remained relatively stagnant from 1985 through 2010. This shortage in critical financial support for basic and applied research, coupled with the underappreciated knowledge of the utility of non-rodent species for biomedical research, hindered funding opportunities for research involving livestock and limited improvements in both animal agriculture and animal and human health. In 2010, the National Institutes of Health and USDA NIFA established an interagency partnership to promote the use of agriculturally important animal species in basic and translational research relevant to both biomedicine and agriculture. This interagency program supported 61 grants totaling over $107 million with 23 awards to new or early-stage investigators. This article will review the success of the 9-year Dual Purpose effort and highlight opportunities for utilizing domesticated agricultural animals in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Correspondence: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. Tel: +15738823467; E-mail:
| | - Kevin D Wells
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kiho Lee
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bhanu P Telugu
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Frank F Bartol
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - LeAnn Blomberg
- The Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Harry Dawson
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics & Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Joan K Lunney
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - John P Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Teresa A Davis
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Ryan N Dilger
- The Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health Research, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Adam Moeser
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jodi L McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - George Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James J Ireland
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Kong F, Wang Q, Kenney SP, Jung K, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. Porcine Deltacoronaviruses: Origin, Evolution, Cross-Species Transmission and Zoonotic Potential. Pathogens 2022; 11:79. [PMID: 35056027 PMCID: PMC8778258 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus of swine that causes acute diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration and mortality in seronegative neonatal piglets. PDCoV was first reported in Hong Kong in 2012 and its etiological features were first characterized in the United States in 2014. Currently, PDCoV is a concern due to its broad host range, including humans. Chickens, turkey poults, and gnotobiotic calves can be experimentally infected by PDCoV. Therefore, as discussed in this review, a comprehensive understanding of the origin, evolution, cross-species transmission and zoonotic potential of epidemic PDCoV strains is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanzhi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China;
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Scott P. Kenney
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kwonil Jung
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Zeng C, Evans JP, Qu P, Faraone J, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Bednash JS, Zhou T, Lozanski G, Mallampalli R, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Mohler P, Xu K, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Neutralization and Stability of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34981053 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.04.463034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 808] [Impact Index Per Article: 269.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529/Omicron variant was first characterized in South Africa and was swiftly designated a variant of concern 1 . Of great concern is its high number of mutations, including 30-40 mutations in the virus spike (S) protein compared to 7-10 for other variants. Some of these mutations have been shown to enhance escape from vaccine-induced immunity, while others remain uncharacterized. Additionally, reports of increasing frequencies of the Omicron variant may indicate a higher rate of transmission compared to other variants. However, the transmissibility of Omicron and its degree of resistance to vaccine-induced immunity remain unclear. Here we show that Omicron exhibits significant immune evasion compared to other variants, but antibody neutralization is largely restored by mRNA vaccine booster doses. Additionally, the Omicron spike exhibits reduced receptor binding, cell-cell fusion, S1 subunit shedding, but increased cell-to-cell transmission, and homology modeling indicates a more stable closed S structure. These findings suggest dual immune evasion strategies for Omicron, due to altered epitopes and reduced exposure of the S receptor binding domain, coupled with enhanced transmissibility due to enhanced S protein stability. These results highlight the importance of booster vaccine doses for maintaining protection against the Omicron variant, and provide mechanistic insight into the altered functionality of the Omicron spike protein.
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Zeng C, Evans JP, Qu P, Faraone J, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Bednash JS, Zhou T, Lozanski G, Mallampalli R, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Mohler P, Xu K, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Neutralization and Stability of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant. bioRxiv 2021:2021.12.16.472934. [PMID: 34981053 PMCID: PMC8722590 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.16.472934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529/Omicron variant was first characterized in South Africa and was swiftly designated a variant of concern1. Of great concern is its high number of mutations, including 30-40 mutations in the virus spike (S) protein compared to 7-10 for other variants. Some of these mutations have been shown to enhance escape from vaccine-induced immunity, while others remain uncharacterized. Additionally, reports of increasing frequencies of the Omicron variant may indicate a higher rate of transmission compared to other variants. However, the transmissibility of Omicron and its degree of resistance to vaccine-induced immunity remain unclear. Here we show that Omicron exhibits significant immune evasion compared to other variants, but antibody neutralization is largely restored by mRNA vaccine booster doses. Additionally, the Omicron spike exhibits reduced receptor binding, cell-cell fusion, S1 subunit shedding, but increased cell-to-cell transmission, and homology modeling indicates a more stable closed S structure. These findings suggest dual immune evasion strategies for Omicron, due to altered epitopes and reduced exposure of the S receptor binding domain, coupled with enhanced transmissibility due to enhanced S protein stability. These results highlight the importance of booster vaccine doses for maintaining protection against the Omicron variant, and provide mechanistic insight into the altered functionality of the Omicron spike protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zeng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P. Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph S. Bednash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rama Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter Mohler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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43
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Evans JP, Zeng C, Carlin C, Lozanski G, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Loss of Neutralizing Antibody Response to mRNA Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Differing Kinetics and Strong Boosting by Breakthrough Infection. bioRxiv 2021:2021.12.06.471455. [PMID: 34909777 PMCID: PMC8669844 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.06.471455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The waning efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines combined with the continued emergence of variants resistant to vaccine-induced immunity has reignited debate over the need for booster vaccines. To address this, we examined the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response against four major SARS-CoV-2 variants-D614G, Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Delta (B.1.617.2)-in health care workers (HCWs) at pre-vaccination, post-first and post-second mRNA vaccine dose, and six months post-second mRNA vaccine dose. Neutralizing antibody titers against all variants, especially the Delta variant, declined dramatically from four weeks to six months post-second mRNA vaccine dose. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 infection enhanced vaccine durability, and mRNA-1273 vaccinated HCWs also exhibited ~2-fold higher nAb titers than BNT162b2 vaccinated HCWs. Together these results demonstrate possible waning of protection from infection against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant based on decreased nAb titers, dependent on COVID-19 status and the mRNA vaccine received.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Cong Zeng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are evolutionally conserved molecules synthesized in the liver from cholesterol to facilitating the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients. In the intestines, where enteric viruses replicate, BAs also act as signaling molecules that modulate various biological functions via activation of specific receptors and cell signaling pathways. To date, BAs present either pro-viral or anti-viral effects for the replication of enteric viruses in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we summarized current information on biosynthesis, transportation and metabolism of BAs and the role of BAs in replication of enteric caliciviruses, rotaviruses, and coronaviruses. We also discussed the application of BAs for cell culture adaptation of fastidious enteric caliciviruses and control of virus infection, which may provide novel insights into the development of antivirals and/or disinfectants for enteric viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanzhi Kong
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH USA.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing, China
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH USA.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH USA.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
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Jung K, Saif LJ. Replication of porcine deltacoronavirus is limited in the gastrointestinal tract of neonatal piglets co-infected simultaneously or 16 hours prior with virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109206. [PMID: 34411994 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) cause acute diarrhea/vomiting in neonatal pigs and share similar tissue or cellular tropisms in the gastrointestinal tract. We investigated if or how these two swine enteric coronaviruses interact with each other in gnotobiotic (Gn) piglets. Seventeen 9-10-day-old Gn piglets were randomly assigned to 5 groups and inoculated with PEDV strain PC21A [9.3 log10 genomic equivalents (GE)/pig] and/or PDCoV strain OH-FD22 (8.6 log10 GE/pig) as follows: dually with PEDV and PDCoV [16 h later (n = 4) or simultaneously (n = 3)] or singly with PEDV (n = 4), PDCoV (n = 4), or mock (n = 3). No enhanced clinical disease or fecal PEDV shedding were observed in dually inoculated pigs compared with PEDV or PDCoV singly inoculated pigs, coinciding with no significant differences in jejunal VH:CD ratios and PEDV antigen-positive scores at post-inoculation days (PIDs) 3-4 among the groups. These observations indicate no increased severity of PEDV infectivity by PDCoV co-infection. Notably, compared with PDCoV singly inoculated pigs, low to moderate fecal PDCoV RNA titers were detected only at PID 1 in both dually inoculated pig groups. At PIDs 2-4, however, there was no detectable PDCoV RNA in the feces, coinciding with no or few PDCoV antigen-positive cells in the small and large intestine of the dually inoculated pigs at PIDs 3-4. These observations indicate a possible interference or inhibition of PDCoV replication in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs co-infected with PEDV and may influence PDCoV infection in PEDV co-infected pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwonil Jung
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
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Abstract
The growing world population (7.8 billion) exerts an increased pressure on the cattle industry amongst others. Intensification and expansion of milk and beef production inevitably leads to increased risk of infectious disease spread and exacerbation. This indicates that improved understanding of cattle immune function is needed to provide optimal tools to combat the existing and future pathogens and improve food security. While dairy and beef cattle production is easily the world's most important agricultural industry, there are few current comprehensive reviews of bovine immunobiology. High-yielding dairy cattle and their calves are more vulnerable to various diseases leading to shorter life expectancy and reduced environmental fitness. In this manuscript, we seek to fill this paucity of knowledge and provide an up-to-date overview of immune function in cattle emphasizing the unresolved challenges and most urgent needs in rearing dairy calves. We will also discuss how the combination of available preventative and treatment strategies and herd management practices can maintain optimal health in dairy cows during the transition (periparturient) period and in neonatal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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Hu H, Jung K, Wang Q, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Corrigendum to "Development of a one-step RT-PCR assay for detection of pancoronaviruses (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-coronaviruses) using newly designed degenerate primers for porcine and avian `fecal samples" [J. Virol. Methods 256 (2018) 116-122]. J Virol Methods 2021; 293:114162. [PMID: 33994008 PMCID: PMC8445350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, United States; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kwonil Jung
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, United States.
| | - Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, United States.
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Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) possess the largest and most complex RNA genome (up to 32 kb) that encodes for 16 non-structural proteins regulating RNA synthesis and modification. Coronaviruses are known to infect a wide range of mammalian and avian species causing remarkably diverse disease syndromes. Variable tissue tropism and the ability to easily cross interspecies barriers are the well-known characteristics of certain CoVs. The 21st century epidemics of severe acute respiratory CoV (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory CoV and the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic further highlight these characteristics and emphasize the relevance of CoVs to the global public health. Bovine CoVs (BCoVs) are betacoronaviruses associated with neonatal calf diarrhea, and with winter dysentery and shipping fever in older cattle. Of interest, no distinct genetic or antigenic markers have been identified in BCoVs associated with these distinct clinical syndromes. In contrast, like other CoVs, BCoVs exist as quasispecies. Besides cattle, BCoVs and bovine-like CoVs were identified in various domestic and wild ruminant species (water buffalo, sheep, goat, dromedary camel, llama, alpaca, deer, wild cattle, antelopes, giraffes, and wild goats), dogs and humans. Surprisingly, bovine-like CoVs also cannot be reliably distinguished from BCoVs using comparative genomics. Additionally, there are historical examples of zoonotic transmission of BCoVs. This article will discuss BCoV pathogenesis, epidemiology, interspecies transmission, immune responses, vaccines, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health Research, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health Research, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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Michael H, Paim FC, Miyazaki A, Langel SN, Fischer DD, Chepngeno J, Goodman SD, Rajashekara G, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 administered as a dextranomar microsphere biofilm enhances immune responses against human rotavirus in a neonatal malnourished pig model colonized with human infant fecal microbiota. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246193. [PMID: 33592026 PMCID: PMC7886176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rotavirus (HRV) is a leading cause of diarrhea in children. It causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where HRV vaccine efficacy is low. The probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN) 1917 has been widely used in the treatment of enteric diseases in humans. However, repeated doses of EcN are required to achieve maximum beneficial effects. Administration of EcN on a microsphere biofilm could increase probiotic stability and persistence, thus maximizing health benefits without repeated administrations. Our aim was to investigate immune enhancement by the probiotic EcN adhered to a dextranomar microsphere biofilm (EcN biofilm) in a neonatal, malnourished piglet model transplanted with human infant fecal microbiota (HIFM) and infected with rotavirus. To create malnourishment, pigs were fed a reduced amount of bovine milk. Decreased HRV fecal shedding and protection from diarrhea were evident in the EcN biofilm treated piglets compared with EcN suspension and control groups. Moreover, EcN biofilm treatment enhanced natural killer cell activity in blood mononuclear cells (MNCs). Increased frequencies of activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in systemic and intestinal tissues and activated conventional dendritic cells (cDC) in blood and duodenum were also observed in EcN biofilm as compared with EcN suspension treated pigs. Furthermore, EcN biofilm treated pigs had increased frequencies of systemic activated and resting/memory antibody forming B cells and IgA+ B cells in the systemic tissues. Similarly, the mean numbers of systemic and intestinal HRV-specific IgA antibody secreting cells (ASCs), as well as HRV-specific IgA antibody titers in serum and small intestinal contents, were increased in the EcN biofilm treated group. In summary EcN biofilm enhanced innate and B cell immune responses after HRV infection and ameliorated diarrhea following HRV challenge in a malnourished, HIFM pig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husheem Michael
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Francine C. Paim
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ayako Miyazaki
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Stephanie N. Langel
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David D. Fischer
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Juliet Chepngeno
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Goodman
- Centre for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ANV); (LJS)
| | - Anastasia Nickolaevna Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ANV); (LJS)
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50
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Cruz-Pulido D, Boley PA, Ouma WZ, Alhamo MA, Saif LJ, Kenney SP. Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of Human and Pig Intestinal Epithelial Cells after Porcine Deltacoronavirus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020292. [PMID: 33668405 PMCID: PMC7918119 DOI: 10.3390/v13020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging infectious disease of swine with zoonotic potential. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that PDCoV originated recently from a host-switching event between birds and mammals. Little is known about how PDCoV interacts with its differing hosts. Human-derived cell lines are susceptible to PDCoV infection. Herein, we compare the gene expression profiles of an established host swine cells to potential emerging host human cells after infection with PDCoV. Cell lines derived from intestinal lineages were used to reproduce the primary sites of viral infection in the host. Porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and human intestinal epithelial cells (HIEC) were infected with PDCoV. RNA-sequencing was performed on total RNA extracted from infected cells. Human cells exhibited a more pronounced response to PDCoV infection in comparison to porcine cells with more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in human, 7486, in comparison to pig cells, 1134. On the transcriptional level, the adoptive host human cells exhibited more DEGs in response to PDCoV infection in comparison to the primary pig host cells, where different types of cytokines can control PDCoV replication and virus production. Key immune-associated DEGs and signaling pathways are shared between human and pig cells during PDCoV infection. These included genes related to the NF-kappa-B transcription factor family, the interferon (IFN) family, the protein-kinase family, and signaling pathways such as the apoptosis signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, inflammation/cytokine–cytokine receptor signaling pathway. MAP4K4 was unique in up-regulated DEGs in humans in the apoptosis signaling pathway. While similarities exist between human and pig cells in many pathways, our research suggests that the adaptation of PDCoV to the porcine host required the ability to down-regulate many response pathways including the interferon pathway. Our findings provide an important foundation that contributes to an understanding of the mechanisms of PDCoV infection across different hosts. To our knowledge, this is the first report of transcriptome analysis of human cells infected by PDCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cruz-Pulido
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.C.-P.); (P.A.B.); (M.A.A.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Patricia A. Boley
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.C.-P.); (P.A.B.); (M.A.A.); (L.J.S.)
| | | | - Moyasar A. Alhamo
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.C.-P.); (P.A.B.); (M.A.A.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.C.-P.); (P.A.B.); (M.A.A.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Scott P. Kenney
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (D.C.-P.); (P.A.B.); (M.A.A.); (L.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-330-263-3747
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