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Matthewman C, Krishnakumar IM, Swick AG. Review: bioavailability and efficacy of 'free' curcuminoids from curcumagalactomannoside (CGM) curcumin formulation. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:14-31. [PMID: 36655498 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The golden spice turmeric with its main bioactive component curcumin is one of the most popular and extensively studied nutraceuticals. Despite numerous pre-clinical studies reporting positive pharmacodynamics of turmeric extracts and curcumin, the main issues in translating the pharmacological effects to clinical efficacy have been to overcome its poor pharmacokinetics and to deliver significant amounts of the biologically relevant forms of the actives to various tissues. This review is aimed at providing a first critical evaluation of the current published literature with the novel curcumagalactomannoside (CGM) formulation of curcumin using fenugreek galactomannan dietary fibre, specifically designed to address curcumin poor pharmacokinetics. We describe CGM and its technology as a food-grade formulation to deliver 'free' unconjugated curcuminoids with enhanced bioavailability and improved pharmacokinetic properties. The therapeutic relevance of improving bioavailability of 'free' curcuminoids and some of the technical challenges in the measurement of the 'free' form of curcuminoids in plasma and tissues are also discussed. A total of twenty-six manuscripts are reviewed here, including fourteen pre-clinical and twelve clinical studies that have investigated CGM pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy in various animal models and human conditions. Overall current scientific evidence suggests CGM formulation has improved bioavailability and tissue distribution of the biologically relevant unconjugated forms of turmeric actives called 'free' curcuminoids that may be responsible for the superior clinical outcomes reported with CGM treatments in comparison with unformulated standard curcumin across multiple studies.
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Meliante PG, Petrella C, Fiore M, Minni A, Barbato C. Antioxidant Use after Diagnosis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC): A Systematic Review of Application during Radiotherapy and in Second Primary Cancer Prevention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1753. [PMID: 37760056 PMCID: PMC10525582 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5-20% of HNSCC patients experience second primary cancers within the first 5 years of treatment, contributing to high mortality rates. Epidemiological evidence has linked a low dietary intake of antioxidants to an increased risk of cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma, prompting research into their potential in neoplasm chemoprevention. Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor for HNSCC, and a diet rich in antioxidants offers protective effects against head and neck cancer. Paradoxically, smokers, who are at the highest risk, tend to consume fewer antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables. This has led to the hypothesis that integrating antioxidants into the diet could play a role in both primary and secondary prevention for at-risk individuals. Furthermore, some HNSCC patients use antioxidant supplements during chemotherapy or radiotherapy to manage side effects, but their impact on cancer outcomes remains uncertain. This systematic review explores the evidence for the potential use of antioxidants in preventing second primary cancers in HNSCC patients. In conclusion, none of the antioxidants tested so far (α-tocopherol, β-carotene, JP, Isotretinoin, interferon α-2a, vitamin E, retinyl palmitate, N-acetylcysteine) was effective in preventing second primary tumors in HNSCC patients, and they could only be used in reducing the side effects of radiotherapy. Further research is needed to better understand the interplay between antioxidants and cancer outcomes in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Giuseppe Meliante
- Department of Sense Organs DOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Department of Sense Organs DOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Department of Sense Organs DOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sense Organs DOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy;
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Christian Barbato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Department of Sense Organs DOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (M.F.)
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3
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Schroeder J, Reitz LK, Vieira FGK, da Silva EL, Di Pietro PF. Low to moderate adherence to 2018 diet and physical exercise recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research is associated with prooxidant biochemical profile in women undergoing adjuvant breast cancer treatment. Nutr Res 2023; 109:1-11. [PMID: 36538844 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Adequate adherence to the 2018 diet and exercise recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) can possibly result in less oxidative stress, lower risk to chemo- and radiotoxicity, lower risk of relapse, and increased quality of life in breast cancer survivors. This observational study aims to investigate the influence of adherence to updated recommendations of the WCRF/AICR on oxidative stress biomarkers in women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant treatment (AT). We hypothesized that adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations is inversely related to oxidative damage biomarkers and directly associated with antioxidant status. Women (n = 78) were evaluated before (T0) and after AT. After collecting anthropometric, physical activity, and food consumption data, a standardized score of adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations was applied. The sample was divided into low-medium adherence and high adherence groups. Blood samples were collected at both timepoints for oxidative stress biomarkers analysis. Multiple linear regression analyzes were applied to verify associations between WCRF/AICR score and biomarkers. We found that low-medium adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations at T0 affected lower levels of reduced glutathione (P= .003) and higher levels of lipid hydroperoxides (P= .002) and plasma carbonylated proteins (P= .001) after AT. The WCRF/AICR score at T0 was inversely associated with changes in plasma carbonylated protein concentrations after AT (adjusted β = -0.359; P= .01). Our findings suggest that high WCRF/AICR score before and during AT may provide greater stability of antioxidant capacity and protection against exacerbated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Schroeder
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-370, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiza Kuhnen Reitz
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-370, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Luiz da Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-370, SC, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analyses, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88010-790, SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia Faria Di Pietro
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-370, SC, Brazil.
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4
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The Benefit of Supplemental Vitamin E to Reduce Radiation-Induced Oral Side Effects in Head and Neck Cancer. TOP CLIN NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Phytochemical analysis and determination of antioxidant, anti-cholesterol, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of Gerbera jamesonii flowers. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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6
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Czétány P, Gitta S, Balló A, Sulc A, Máté G, Szántó Á, Márk L. Application of Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Uro-Oncology: Discovering Potential Biomarkers. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030366. [PMID: 35330118 PMCID: PMC8954359 DOI: 10.3390/life12030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing need is emerging worldwide for new molecular markers which could enhance the accuracy of diagnostic and therapeutic methods for detecting urogenital cancers. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a very promising tool in this regard. In this review, we attempt to provide a subjective summary of the latest publications on potential biomarkers of renal, bladder, prostate, and testicular malignancies detected with MSI through the eyes of a clinical urologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Czétány
- National Human Reproduction Laboratory, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (S.G.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (Á.S.)
- Urology Clinic, University of Pécs Clinical Centre, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Stefánia Gitta
- National Human Reproduction Laboratory, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (S.G.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (Á.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Balló
- National Human Reproduction Laboratory, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (S.G.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (Á.S.)
- Urology Clinic, University of Pécs Clinical Centre, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
- Pannon Reproduction Institute, 8300 Tapolca, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Sulc
- National Human Reproduction Laboratory, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (S.G.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (Á.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Máté
- National Human Reproduction Laboratory, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (S.G.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (Á.S.)
- Pannon Reproduction Institute, 8300 Tapolca, Hungary
| | - Árpád Szántó
- National Human Reproduction Laboratory, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (S.G.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (Á.S.)
- Urology Clinic, University of Pécs Clinical Centre, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Márk
- National Human Reproduction Laboratory, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (S.G.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (Á.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Research Group, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-304-734-714
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Yeh SJ, Chung YC, Chen BS. Investigating the Role of Obesity in Prostate Cancer and Identifying Biomarkers for Drug Discovery: Systems Biology and Deep Learning Approaches. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030900. [PMID: 35164166 PMCID: PMC8840188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer for men and is viewed as the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. The body mass index (BMI) is taken as a vital criterion to elucidate the association between obesity and PCa. In this study, systematic methods are employed to investigate how obesity influences the noncutaneous malignancies of PCa. By comparing the core signaling pathways of lean and obese patients with PCa, we are able to investigate the relationships between obesity and pathogenic mechanisms and identify significant biomarkers as drug targets for drug discovery. Regarding drug design specifications, we take drug–target interaction, drug regulation ability, and drug toxicity into account. One deep neural network (DNN)-based drug–target interaction (DTI) model is trained in advance for predicting drug candidates based on the identified biomarkers. In terms of the application of the DNN-based DTI model and the consideration of drug design specifications, we suggest two potential multiple-molecule drugs to prevent PCa (covering lean and obese PCa) and obesity-specific PCa, respectively. The proposed multiple-molecule drugs (apigenin, digoxin, and orlistat) not only help to prevent PCa, suppressing malignant metastasis, but also result in lower production of fatty acids and cholesterol, especially for obesity-specific PCa.
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8
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Kumar A, Choudhary S, Kumar S, Adhikari JS, Kapoor S, Chaudhury NK. Role of melatonin mediated G-CSF induction in hematopoietic system of gamma-irradiated mice. Life Sci 2022; 289:120190. [PMID: 34883100 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) can cause lethality, and therefore, the necessity of a safe radioprotector. The present study was focused on investigating the role of melatonin in granulocytes colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and related mechanisms underlying the reduction of DNA damage in hematopoietic system of irradiated mice. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 2, 5, and 7.5Gy of whole-body irradiation (WBI), 30 min after intra-peritoneal administration of melatonin with different doses. Mice were sacrificed at different time intervals after WBI, and bone marrow, splenocytes, and peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated for studying various parameters including micronuclei (MN), cell cycle, comet, γ-H2AX, gene expression, amino acid profiling, and hematology. KEY FINDINGS Melatonin100mg/kg ameliorated radiation (7.5Gy and 5Gy) induced MN frequency and cell death in bone marrow without mortality. At 24 h of post-WBI (2Gy), the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mnPCE) with different melatonin doses revealed 20 mg/kg as optimal i.p. dose for protecting the hematopoietic system against radiation injury. In comet assay, a significant reduction in radiation-induced % DNA tail (p ≤ 0.05) was observed at this dose. Melatonin reduced γ-H2AX foci/cell and eventually reached to the control level. Melatonin also decreased blood arginine levels in mice after 24 h of WBI. The gene expression of G-CSF, Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), and Bcl2 indicated the role of melatonin in G-CSF regulation and downstream pro-survival pathways along with anti-apoptotic activity. SIGNIFICANCE The results revealed that melatonin recovers the hematopoietic system of irradiated mice by inducing G-CSF mediated radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)-Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Sandeep Choudhary
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)-Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, Hamdard nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Somesh Kumar
- Pediatrics Genetics & Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, Delhi 110002, India
| | - Jawahar S Adhikari
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)-Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Seema Kapoor
- Pediatrics Genetics & Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, Delhi 110002, India
| | - Nabo K Chaudhury
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS)-Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
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9
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ROS Pleiotropy in Melanoma and Local Therapy with Physical Modalities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6816214. [PMID: 34777692 PMCID: PMC8580636 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6816214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic energy production naturally generates unwanted products such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative damage. Oxidative damage has been linked to several pathologies, including diabetes, premature aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. ROS were therefore originally anticipated as an imperative evil, a product of an imperfect system. More recently, however, the role of ROS in signaling and tumor treatment is increasingly acknowledged. This review addresses the main types, sources, and pathways of ROS in melanoma by linking their pleiotropic roles in antioxidant and oxidant regulation, hypoxia, metabolism, and cell death. In addition, the implications of ROS in various physical therapy modalities targeting melanoma, such as radiotherapy, electrochemotherapy, hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, and medical gas plasma, are also discussed. By including ROS in the main picture of melanoma skin cancer and as an integral part of cancer therapies, a greater understanding of melanoma cell biology is presented, which ultimately may elucidate additional clues on targeting therapy resistance of this most deadly form of skin cancer.
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10
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Rowles JL, Wallig MA, Selting KA, Fan TM, Miller RJ, O'Brien WD, Erdman JW. A 10% Tomato Diet Selectively Reduces Radiation-Induced Damage in TRAMP Mice. J Nutr 2021; 151:3421-3430. [PMID: 34386819 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomatoes contain carotenoids that have the potential to alter the effects of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that dietary lyophilized tomato paste (TP) would reduce apoptosis within carotenoid-containing nonneoplastic tissues in EBRT-treated TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice. METHODS Male TRAMP mice (n = 73) were provided an AIN-93G diet or a modified AIN-93G diet containing 10% TP (wt:wt) at 4 wk of age. Prostate tumor growth was monitored by ultrasound. The caudal half of the mouse was irradiated with 7.5 Gy (Rad) or 0 Gy (sham) at 24 wk of age or after the tumor volume exceeded 1000 mm3 with a Cobalt-60 source. Mice were euthanized 24 h postradiation. Carotenoids and α-tocopherol were measured by HPLC and compared by a t test. Tissues were assessed for radiation-induced changes (hematoxylin and eosin) and apoptosis [cleaved caspase-3 (CC3)] and compared by Kruskal-Wallis test or Freedman-Lane's permutation test. RESULTS Serum concentrations of lycopene (52% lower), phytoene (26% lower), and α-tocopherol (22% lower) were decreased in TP-fed irradiated mice (TP-Rad) compared with TP-fed sham mice (P < 0.05). CC3 scores increased within the prostate tumor with radiation treatments (P < 0.05), but were not affected by tomato consumption. In nonneoplastic tissues, TP-Rad had a lower percentage of CC3-positive cells within the cranial (67% lower) and caudal (75% lower) duodenum than irradiated mice on the control diet (Rad) (P < 0.005). Likewise, CC3 scores within the dorsolateral prostate of TP-Rad trended toward lower scores than for Rad (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS TP selectively reduces radiation-induced apoptosis in extratumoral tissues without decreasing radiation-induced apoptosis within the prostate tumor in TRAMP mice. Additional studies are needed to confirm and expand upon these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe L Rowles
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Matthew A Wallig
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kimberly A Selting
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rita J Miller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - William D O'Brien
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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11
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Ku TC, Wang PH, Huang JL, Chen HY, Fang JT, Hsieh HL, Chen JL. The survival outcome of nasopharyngeal cancer patients with traditional Chinese medicine external use: A hospital-based study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114380. [PMID: 34197958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE External-use traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) agents are widely used to relieve the adverse effects of radiation therapy in nasopharyngeal cancer patients. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study aimed to evaluate the influence of external-use TCM agents to relieve radiotherapy-related adverse effects on the efficacy of radiation therapy and the prognosis of nasopharyngeal cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS By using the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD), we analyzed 1823 newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal cancer patients with radiotherapy-related adverse effects between 2001/01 and 2015/12. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis and a Cox regression model to estimate the differences in effects on survival outcomes between two groups, TCM external users and non-TCM external users. RESULTS We found that TCM external users had significantly better 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates (log-rank test, p = 0.0377 and p = 0.034, respectively) than non-TCM external users. The 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival rates were not statistically significantly different between the groups. We also found a trend of improved 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates in TCM external users with advanced-stage disease, without statistical significance (log-rank test, p = 0.10 and p = 0.089, respectively). The subgroup analysis revealed lower risks of mortality in TCM external users among the nonhypertension, nonhyperlipidemia, nonischemic heart disease, noncirrhosis, and nonchronic kidney disease groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that TCM agents external use could significantly improve 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates in nasopharyngeal cancer patients with radiotherapy-related adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chien Ku
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Pin-Han Wang
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jhen-Ling Huang
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsing-Yu Chen
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Ji-Tseng Fang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, And Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jiun-Liang Chen
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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12
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Yuen RCF, Tsao SY. Embracing cancer immunotherapy with vital micronutrients. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:712-724. [PMID: 34631438 PMCID: PMC8479349 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i9.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is now commonly prescribed to cancer patients, but autoimmune-related adverse events are considerable. For severe, life-threatening side effects, cessation of therapy seems unavoidable, let alone intensive medical care required for patching up the adverse events. Even without serious adverse events, the response rates are too low and various combinatory regimens have been tried. However, toxicities are also added on, unless the adjuvant agents have remarkably few side effects. Actually, micronutrients are usually taken by a majority of cancer patients as nutritional support or to boost the immune function, let alone hoping to counteract treatment side effects. Recent studies have shown that combinations of micronutrients exert pleiotropic effects in controlling tumor growth and metastasis by modulating the tumor microenvironment, enhancing gut microbiota immune functions, and providing adjunct nutritional support to micronutrient deficient cancer patients. A higher than recommended dietary allowance micronutrient dose is proposed to reduce the toxic free radicals generated as a result of immunotherapy and tumor metabolism. This is not only helpful for managing treatment side effects but also enhancing treatment efficacy. As micronutrient supplementation is also useful to improve patients’ quality of life, prolong survival, and sustain compliance to immunotherapy, further investigations are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C-F Yuen
- Department of Occupational and Family Medicine, Hosanna Clinic, Singapore 370051, Singapore
| | - Shiu-Ying Tsao
- Department of Clinical Research, Hong Kong SAR Oncology Centre, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Qiu L, Ma Y, Chen X, Zhou L, Zhang H, Zhong G, Zhang L, Tang J. Heparin-binding growth factor (HDGF) drives radioresistance in breast cancer by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2021; 19:344. [PMID: 34376200 PMCID: PMC8353798 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although reports implicate radioresistance as an important obstacle for the management of breast cancer, its molecular mechanism is elusive. Herein, we found that high HDGF levels are expressed significantly in breast cancer and exhibit a positive association with poor survival prognosis. Heparin-binding growth factor (HDGF) was upregulated in radioresistant breast cancer cells, however, its knockdown could reduce breast cancer radioresistant both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the binding of RXRα to HDGF promoter blocked HDGF transcriptional activity, consequently inhibiting breast cancer radioresistance. The enhanced radioresistant activity of HDGF is induced by TKT and STAT3, impacting the STAT3-Tyr705 and STAT3-Ser727 phosphorylation and STAT3 transcriptional activity. Notably, HDGF depletion renders radioresistant hypersensitive to the drug that targets STAT3 phosphorylation. This article demonstrates the novel function of HDGF as a promising molecular target for predicting radioresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Qiu
- Oncology Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liheng Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Oncology Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guansheng Zhong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Kristiansson A, Örbom A, Vilhelmsson Timmermand O, Ahlstedt J, Strand SE, Åkerström B. Kidney Protection with the Radical Scavenger α 1-Microglobulin (A1M) during Peptide Receptor Radionuclide and Radioligand Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081271. [PMID: 34439519 PMCID: PMC8389303 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-Microglobulin (A1M) is an antioxidant found in all vertebrates, including humans. It has enzymatic reductase activity and can scavenge radicals and bind free heme groups. Infused recombinant A1M accumulates in the kidneys and has therefore been successful in protecting kidney injuries in different animal models. In this review, we focus on A1M as a radioprotector of the kidneys during peptide receptor radionuclide/radioligand therapy (PRRT/RLT). Patients with, e.g., neuroendocrine tumors or castration resistant prostate cancer can be treated by administration of radiolabeled small molecules which target and therefore enable the irradiation and killing of cancer cells through specific receptor interaction. The treatment is not curative, and kidney toxicity has been reported as a side effect since the small, radiolabeled substances are retained and excreted through the kidneys. In recent studies, A1M was shown to have radioprotective effects on cell cultures as well as having a similar biodistribution as the somatostatin analogue peptide 177Lu-DOTATATE after intravenous infusion in mice. Therefore, several animal studies were conducted to investigate the in vivo radioprotective potential of A1M towards kidneys. The results of these studies demonstrated that A1M co-infusion yielded protection against kidney toxicity and improved overall survival in mouse models. Moreover, two different mouse studies reported that A1M did not interfere with tumor treatment itself. Here, we give an overview of radionuclide therapy, the A1M physiology and the results from the radioprotector studies of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kristiansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anders Örbom
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Oskar Vilhelmsson Timmermand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Jonas Ahlstedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, CIPA, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
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15
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Da F, Guo J, Yao L, Gao Q, Jiao S, Miao X, Liu J. Pretreatment with metformin protects mice from whole-body irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:618-625. [PMID: 33912960 PMCID: PMC8273805 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a first-line oral drug for type II diabetes mellitus, not only reduces blood glucose levels, but also has many other biological effects. Recent studies have been conducted to determine the protective effect of metformin in irradiation injuries. However, the results are controversial and mainly focus on the time of metformin administration. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of metformin in BALB/c mice exposed to 6 Gy or 8 Gy of a 60Co source of γ-rays for total body irradiation (TBI). Survival outcomes were assessed following exposure to 8 Gy or 6 Gy TBI, and hematopoietic damage and intestinal injury were assessed after exposure to 6 Gy TBI. Metformin prolonged the survival of mice exposed to 8 Gy TBI and improved the survival rate of mice exposed to 6 Gy TBI only when administered before exposure to irradiation. Moreover, pretreatment with metformin reduced the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in the bone marrow of mice exposed to 6 Gy TBI. Pretreatment of metformin also protected the intestinal morphology of mice, reduced inflammatory response and decreased the number of apoptotic cells in intestine. In conclusion, we demonstrated that pretreatment with metformin could alleviate irradiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Da
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, The No. 967 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Dalian 116041, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qiaohui Gao
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Shengyuan Jiao
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xia Miao
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Junye Liu
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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16
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Dutta A, Dahiya A, Verma S. Quercetin-3-rutinoside protects against gamma radiation inflicted hematopoietic dysfunction by regulating oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediators in mouse spleen and bone marrow. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:230-245. [PMID: 34044723 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1914334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced hematopoietic dysfunction is one of the most common problems during unplanned radiation exposures and also in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Management of the hematopoietic system is necessary to promote survival against radiation. The present study was undertaken to demonstrate the protective potential of Quercetin 3 rutinoside (Q-3-R), against gamma radiation-induced hematopoietic injuries. C57BL/6 male mice exposed either to radiation or pretreated with Q-3-R (10 mg/kg body weight) were checked for hematopoietic protection using hematotoxicity indices, histopathological, and genotoxic evaluations. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Q-3-R mediated hematopoietic protection, oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic markers as well as PCNA expression in spleen cross-sections were assessed. Studies revealed Q-3-R pretreatment inhibited radiation-induced ROS in spleen cells and better maintained the total antioxidant levels in serum that were otherwise altered post 7.5 Gy exposure. The NO levels and nitrotyrosine expression were also found inhibited by Q-3-R in the spleen. Differential regulations of Bcl2, Bax and NF-κB with reduced serum TNF-α level indicated anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory roles of Q-3-R. Q-3-R attenuated radiation mediated spleen damage by minimizing cell death and promoting proliferation. Restoration of abnormal histopathological changes in bone marrow following Q-3-R administration correlated to reduced apoptosis and altered cell cycle distributions. Chromosomal aberrations were also found reduced in Q-3-R pretreated bone marrow. Q-3-R restored the total leukocyte counts and serum IL-6 levels, further supporting its role in promoting hematopoiesis. These findings suggest that Q-3-R can potentially be used to minimize radiation inflicted hematopoietic toxicities during accidental as well as radiotherapy scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaswrata Dutta
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India
| | - Akshu Dahiya
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India
| | - Savita Verma
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India
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17
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Karri J, Lachman L, Hanania A, Marathe A, Singh M, Zacharias N, Orhurhu V, Gulati A, Abd-Elsayed A. Radiotherapy-Specific Chronic Pain Syndromes in the Cancer Population: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review. Adv Ther 2021; 38:1425-1446. [PMID: 33570737 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
While radiation therapy is increasingly utilized in the treatment paradigm of many solid cancers, the chronic effects of radiation therapies are poorly characterized. Notably, understanding radiation-specific chronic pain syndromes is paramount given that the diagnosis and management of these conditions can serve to prevent long-standing functional impairments, optimize quality of life, and even allow for continued radiotherapy candidacy. These radiation-specific chronic pain phenomena include dermatitis, mucositis, enteritis, connective tissue fibrosis, lymphedema, and neuropathic pain syndromes. It is necessary to maintain a low threshold of suspicion for appropriately diagnosing these conditions as there exists a variance in when these symptoms arise after radiation. However, we present key epidemiological data delineating vulnerable cancer populations for each pain syndrome along with the available evidence for the management for each specific condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Karri
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Lachman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alex Hanania
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anuj Marathe
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mani Singh
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Zacharias
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vwaire Orhurhu
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Susquehanna, Williamsport, PA, USA
| | - Amitabh Gulati
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Alaa Abd-Elsayed
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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18
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Study of Synergistic and Protective Effects of Three Different Polar Saffron Extracts and Photon Radiation on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells (HT-29) and Normal Human Fibroblasts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.106845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: There are some hypotheses about radiation-sensitizing and radiation-protective effects of antioxidants. Saffron, dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L., is a precious medicinal plant that contains an impressive variety of plant compounds such as crocin, crocetin, and safranal that act as antioxidants. The present study examined the cytotoxic effects of saffron extracts with different polarity and their synergism or protective effects with radiation on a colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29) and normal human fibroblasts. Objectives: The aim was to find a natural agent to improve radiotherapy efficacy. Methods: HT-29 colorectal cancer cells and normal human fibroblasts were cultured in RPMI1640 medium, incubated with different concentrations of different saffron extracts (50-250 µg/ml), and then were exposed to a dose of 8 Gy of X-rays. The cytotoxicity effect was determined by the MTT assay. Results: Saffron extracts decreased cell viability in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells and normal human fibroblasts as a concentration-dependent manner. Combination radiotherapy with polar saffron extract in most doses showed synergistic effects on HT-29 cell death while it did not show any distinctive synergistic effect in normal cells. Semi-polar and non-Polar extracts just in low doses had synergistic effects on tumor cells. These two extracts did not show any protective effects on normal cells. Conclusions: Among the various saffron extracts, polar saffron extract and low doses of non-polar saffron extract in combination with radiation increase radiation sensitivity and cell death in tumor cells, while they do not increase radiation sensitivity in normal cells and even protect normal cells to some extent.
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19
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Gupta K, Vuckovic I, Zhang S, Xiong Y, Carlson BL, Jacobs J, Olson I, Petterson XM, Macura SI, Sarkaria J, Burns TC. Radiation Induced Metabolic Alterations Associate With Tumor Aggressiveness and Poor Outcome in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:535. [PMID: 32432031 PMCID: PMC7214818 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is uniformly fatal with a 1-year median survival, despite best available treatment, including radiotherapy (RT). Impacts of prior RT on tumor recurrence are poorly understood but may increase tumor aggressiveness. Metabolic changes have been investigated in radiation-induced brain injury; however, the tumor-promoting effect following prior radiation is lacking. Since RT is vital to GBM management, we quantified tumor-promoting effects of prior RT on patient-derived intracranial GBM xenografts and characterized metabolic alterations associated with the protumorigenic microenvironment. Human xenografts (GBM143) were implanted into nude mice 24 hrs following 20 Gy cranial radiation vs. sham animals. Tumors in pre-radiated mice were more proliferative and more infiltrative, yielding faster mortality (p < 0.0001). Histologic evaluation of tumor associated macrophage/microglia (TAMs) revealed cells with a more fully activated ameboid morphology in pre-radiated animals. Microdialyzates from radiated brain at the margin of tumor infiltration contralateral to the site of implantation were analyzed by unsupervised liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In pre-radiated animals, metabolites known to be associated with tumor progression (i.e., modified nucleotides and polyols) were identified. Whole-tissue metabolomic analysis of pre-radiated brain microenvironment for metabolic alterations in a separate cohort of nude mice using 1H-NMR revealed a significant decrease in levels of antioxidants (glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (ASC)), NAD+, Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates, and rise in energy carriers (ATP, GTP). GSH and ASC showed highest Variable Importance on Projection prediction (VIPpred) (1.65) in Orthogonal Partial least square Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA); Ascorbate catabolism was identified by GC-MS. To assess longevity of radiation effects, we compared survival with implantation occurring 2 months vs. 24 hrs following radiation, finding worse survival in animals implanted at 2 months. These radiation-induced alterations are consistent with a chronic disease-like microenvironment characterized by reduced levels of antioxidants and NAD+, and elevated extracellular ATP and GTP serving as chemoattractants, promoting cell motility and vesicular secretion with decreased levels of GSH and ASC exacerbating oxidative stress. Taken together, these data suggest IR induces tumor-permissive changes in the microenvironment with metabolomic alterations that may facilitate tumor aggressiveness with important implications for recurrent glioblastoma. Harnessing these metabolomic insights may provide opportunities to attenuate RT-associated aggressiveness of recurrent GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshama Gupta
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ivan Vuckovic
- Metabolomics Core Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Song Zhang
- Metabolomics Core Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yuning Xiong
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Brett L Carlson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ian Olson
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Slobodan I Macura
- Metabolomics Core Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jann Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Terry C Burns
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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20
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Nutraceutical Boom in Cancer: Inside the Labyrinth of Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061936. [PMID: 32178382 PMCID: PMC7139678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, epidemiological studies have shown that food is a very powerful means for maintaining a state of well-being and for health prevention. Many degenerative, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases are related to nutrition and the nutrient-organism interaction could define the balance between health and disease. Nutrients and dietary components influence epigenetic phenomena and modify drugs response; therefore, these food-host interactions can influence the individual predisposition to disease and its potential therapeutic response. Do nutraceuticals have positive or negative effects during chemotherapy? The use of nutraceutical supplements in cancer patients is a controversial debate without a definitive conclusion to date. During cancer treatment, patients take nutraceuticals to alleviate drug toxicity and improve long-term results. Some nutraceuticals may potentiate the effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy by inducing cell growth arrest, cell differentiation, and alteration of the redox state of cells, but in some cases, high levels of them may interfere with the effectiveness of chemotherapy, making cancer cells less reactive to chemotherapy. In this review, we highlighted the emerging opinions and data on the pros and cons on the use of nutraceutical supplements during chemotherapy.
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21
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Das U, Manna K, Adhikary A, Mishra S, Saha KD, Sharma RD, Majumder B, Dey S. Ferulic acid enhances the radiation sensitivity of lung and liver carcinoma cells by collapsing redox homeostasis: mechanistic involvement of Akt/p38 MAPK signalling pathway. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:944-967. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1655559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal Das
- Department of Physiology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Arghya Adhikary
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Biswanath Majumder
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Biology, Mitra Biotech, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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22
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González E, Cruces MP, Pimentel E, Sánchez P. Evidence that the radioprotector effect of ascorbic acid depends on the radiation dose rate. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 62:210-214. [PMID: 30081379 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have revealed that ascorbic acid (Aa) acts as a powerful inhibitor of genetic damage. The objetive of the present study was to evaluate the radioprotector effect of Aa at two diferent radiation dose rates. The somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster was used. 48 h larvae were treated for 24 h with 25, 50 and 100 mM of Aa. After pretreatment, larvae were irradiated with 20 Gy of gamma rays administered at 36 or 960 Gy/h. Toxicity, development rate and frequency of mutant spots were recorded. Results provide evidence of a radioprotective effect for all tested concentrations of Aa only when 20 Gy were delivered at 36 Gy/h and only with 25 mM using the 960 Gy/h. To consider the use of Aa as radioprotector or therapeutic agent, it is necessary to know its potential under different situations to avoid unwanted injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena González
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Campus el Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Carretera Toluca -Ixtlahuaca Km 15.5, Toluca de Lerdo, 50200, Mexico
| | - Martha P Cruces
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca S/N, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, 52750, Mexico.
| | - Emilio Pimentel
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca S/N, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, 52750, Mexico
| | - Petra Sánchez
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Campus el Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Carretera Toluca -Ixtlahuaca Km 15.5, Toluca de Lerdo, 50200, Mexico
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23
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Kailaya-Vasan A, Samuthrat T, Walsh DC. Severe adverse radiation effects complicating radiosurgical treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations and the potential benefit of early surgical treatment. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 55:25-31. [PMID: 30029956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) with stereotactic radiosurgery is rarely complicated by severe adverse radiation effects (ARE). The treatment of these sequelae is varied and often ineffectual. We present three cases of brain AVMs treated with SRS, all complicated by severe AREs. All three cases failed to respond to what is currently considered the standard treatment - corticosteroids - and indeed one patient died as a result of the side effects of their extended use. Two cases were successfully treated with surgical excision of the necrotic lesion resulting in immediate clinical improvement. Having considered the experience described in this paper and reviewed the published literature to date we suggest that surgical treatment of AREs should be considered early in the management of this condition should steroid therapy not result in early improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahilan Kailaya-Vasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Thiti Samuthrat
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniel C Walsh
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, DeCrespigny Park, London, UK
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24
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Qureshi M, Zelinski E, Carlson LE. Cancer and Complementary Therapies: Current Trends in Survivors' Interest and Use. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:844-853. [PMID: 29629606 PMCID: PMC6142098 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418762496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Cancer survivors use complementary therapies (CTs)
for a variety of reasons; however, with interest and use reportedly on the rise
and a widening range of products and practices available, there is a need to
establish trends in and drivers of interest. We aimed to determine (1)
frequencies of use, level of interest, and barriers for 30 specific CTs and (2)
whether physical symptoms, perceived stress (PS), or spiritual well-being were
related to interest levels. Method. A total of 212 cancer
outpatients were surveyed at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre in Calgary, Canada.
Results. Overall, up to 75% of survivors already used some
form of CTs since their diagnosis. The most highly used were the following:
vitamins B12 and D, multivitamins, calcium, and breathing and relaxation
exercises. Those who had not used CTs indicated highest interest in massage,
vitamin B12, breathing and relaxation, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and
antioxidants. The most frequently reported barriers for all CTs were not knowing
enough about what a therapy was and not having enough evidence on whether it
worked. High PS predicted higher interest for all CTs, but spirituality was not
significantly related to any. Physical symptoms, anxiety, and depression were
significant predictors of interest for some CTs. Conclusion.
These findings provide a blueprint for future clinical efficacy trials and
highlight the need for clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Zelinski
- 3 Alberta Health Services-Cancer Care, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Linda E Carlson
- 1 University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,2 Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada.,3 Alberta Health Services-Cancer Care, Calgary, AB, Canada
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25
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Chaitanya NCSK, Muthukrishnan A, Babu DBG, Kumari CS, Lakshmi MA, Palat G, Alam KS. Role of Vitamin E and Vitamin A in Oral Mucositis Induced by Cancer Chemo/Radiotherapy- A Meta-analysis. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZE06-ZE09. [PMID: 28658926 PMCID: PMC5483828 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26845.9905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral mucositis is known to hamper the quality of life in patients treated for oral cancer. Many pharmacological agents have been tried and tested in its management, especially vitamin supplements including A, E and their combinations. AIM A Meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of vitamins individually used for prevention or treatment of oral mucositis separately for chemotherapy, concurrent chemo radiotherapy, radiotherapy and Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature study was done using PUBMED, MEDLINE, EBSCO, GOOGLE SCHOLAR and COCHRANE data bases with keywords vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B, vitamin C, Oral mucositis, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Concurrent chemo radiotherapy and Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation individually, from the year 1980 to 2016. Only randomized controlled trials were included. The data was extracted, tabulated and was subjected to statistical analysis with CI of 95%. RESULTS Among 201 subjects the analysis clearly demonstrated a male predominance to females in studies where male to female ratio was given. Out of 8 studies, 2 were studies in children and remaining 6 studies concentrated on adult population. WHO and NCI-CTC criteria were followed except for one study which used customised assessment. A meta-analysis was performed regarding usage of topical medication of Vitamin E group in all three cancer treatment modalities, which showed significant reduction in oral mucositis (p < 0.001). There was reduced oral mucositis in a small group of patients with Vitamin A when compared to controls. No information on the agent used for chemotherapy, the dose of radiotherapy and the type of tumours in 4 studies. CONCLUSION Topical Vitamin E had performed better on oral mucositis than Vitamin E systemic administration. Though the efficacy of topical treatment with Vitamin A showed reduction in oral mucositis, it was evaluated in a very small sample which cannot be attributed to a larger sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nallan CSK Chaitanya
- Phd Research Scholar, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arvind Muthukrishnan
- Professor and Guide, Department of Oral Medicine And Radiology, Saveetha University, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dara Balaji Gandhi Babu
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine And Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chinta Sanjeeva Kumari
- Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Center, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Madishetty Adi Lakshmi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Center, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gayathri Palat
- Consultant, Department of Pain and Palliative Care, MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Center, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Khwaja Shoeb Alam
- Junior Resident, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Yan C, Luo L, Urata Y, Goto S, Guo CY, Li TS. Nicaraven, a Potential Radioprotective Agent, has Very Limited Effects on the Survival of Cancer Cells and the Growth of Established Tumors. Radiat Res 2017; 187:339. [DOI: 10.1667/rr4614.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Urata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shinji Goto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Chang-Ying Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Abstract
Chronic radiation dermatitis is a late side effect of skin irradiation, which may deteriorate patients’ quality of life. There is a lack of precise data about its incidence; however, several risk factors may predispose to the development of this condition. It includes radiotherapy dose, fractionation, technique, concurrent systemic therapy, comorbidities, and personal and genetic factors. Chronic radiation dermatitis is mostly caused by the imbalance of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. Clinical manifestation includes changes in skin appearance, wounds, ulcerations, necrosis, fibrosis, and secondary cancers. The most severe complication of irradiation is extensive radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF). RIF can manifest in many ways, such as skin induration and retraction, lymphedema or restriction of joint motion. Diagnosis of chronic radiation dermatitis is usually made by clinical examination. In case of unclear clinical manifestation, a biopsy and histopathological examination are recommended to exclude secondary malignancy. The most effective prophylaxis of chronic radiation dermatitis is the use of proper radiation therapy techniques to avoid unnecessary irradiation of healthy skin. Treatment of chronic radiation dermatitis is demanding. The majority of the interventions are based only on clinical practice. Telangiectasia may be treated with pulse dye laser therapy. Chronic postirradiation wounds need special dressings. In case of necrosis or severe ulceration, surgical intervention may be considered. Management of RIF should be complex. Available methods are rehabilitative care, pharmacotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and laser therapy. Future challenges include the assessment of late skin toxicity in modern irradiation techniques. Special attention should be paid on genomics and radiomics that allow scientists and clinicians to select patients who are at risk of the development of chronic radiation dermatitis. Novel treatment methods and clinical trials are strongly needed to provide more efficacious therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Spałek
- Department of Radiotherapy I, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Khan AA, Gani A, Ahmad M, Masoodi FA, Amin F, Kousar S. Mushroom varieties found in the Himalayan regions of India: Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:1095-1100. [PMID: 30263380 PMCID: PMC6049109 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities of mushroom varieties (Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Coprinus atramentarius) found in the Himalayan regions of Jammu and Kashmir, India. All three mushroom varieties exhibited antioxidant activity. A. bisporus showed the highest diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibition activity (87.88±5.6%), C. atramentarius showed the highest reducing power (0.49±0.01) and metal chelating ability (48.57± 0.38%), and P. ostreatus contained the highest phenolic (5.25±0.14 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram) and flavonoid content (64.39±0.73 μg rutin equivalent per gram). C. atramentarius showed maximum antibacterial activity against all the pathogenic strains and the highest zone of inhibition was against S. typhi (7.45±0.5 mm). P. ostreatus exhibited the highest cell proliferation inhibition against Colo-205 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. The structural analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of β-configuration in carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, and protein, which impart nutraceutical properties to mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ashraf Khan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Adil Gani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mudasir Ahmad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Farooq Ahmad Masoodi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Furheen Amin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Shaheen Kousar
- Division of Plant Pathology, Mushroom Research & Training Centre, SKUAST-K, India
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González MJ, Miranda-Massari JR, Mora EM, Guzmán A, Riordan NH, Riordan HD, Casciari JJ, Jackson JA, Román-Franco A. Orthomolecular Oncology Review: Ascorbic Acid and Cancer 25 Years Later. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 4:32-44. [PMID: 15695476 DOI: 10.1177/1534735404273861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of ascorbic acid on cancer has been a subject of great controversy. This is a follow-up review of the 1979 article by Cameron, Pauling, and Leibovitz published in Cancer Research. In this updated version, the authors address general aspects of ascorbic acid and cancer that have been presented before, while reviewing, analyzing, and updating new existing literature on the subject. In addition, they present and discuss their own mechanistic hypothesis on the effect of ascorbic acid on the cancer cell. The objective of this review is to provide an updated scientific basis for the use of ascorbic acid, especially intravenously as adjuvant treatment in pharmacological nutritional oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J González
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Graduate School of Public Health, Department Human Development, Nutrition Program, PO Box 365067, San Juan, PR.
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Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant constituents that possess either estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity. Although their activities are weak as compared with human endogenous estrogens, the consumption of phytoestrogens may have clinically significant consequences. A number of botanicals, or the compounds contained therein, have been identified as putative estrogenic agents, but consensus in the biomedical community has been hampered by conflicting data from various in vitro and in vivo models of estrogenic activity. Phytoestrogens may serve as chemopreventive agents while at the same time being capable of promoting growth in estrogen receptor positive cancer cell lines. Furthermore, they may exert their estrogenic influence through receptor-dependent and/or receptor-independent mechanisms. These findings have led to speculation that phytoestrogen intake might be ill advised for patients at an increased risk for hormone-dependent cancers, cancer patients, or cancer survivors. This article will attempt to sort out discrepancies between various experimental models and establish whether certain herbs possess estrogenic activity. The review will focus on 5 popular botanical dietary supplements: Trifolium pratense (red clover), Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh), Humulus lupulus (hops), Angelica sinensis (dong quai), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice). It will address their mechanisms of action, clinical evidence bases, and implications for use in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E Piersen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research in the Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 60612, USA.
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Chung MK, Kim DH, Ahn YC, Choi JY, Kim EH, Son YI. Randomized Trial of Vitamin C/E Complex for Prevention of Radiation-Induced Xerostomia in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 155:423-30. [PMID: 27048670 DOI: 10.1177/0194599816642418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to determine the preventive efficacy of vitamin C/E complex supplementation for radiotherapy (RT)-induced xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study. SETTING A single tertiary referral institution. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The trial group (n = 25) received antioxidant supplements (100 IU of vitamin E + 500 mg of vitamin C) twice per day during RT, while the control group (n = 20) received an identical placebo. Pre-RT and 1 and 6 months post-RT, patient-reported xerostomia questionnaires, observer-rated xerostomia score, and salivary scintigraphy were serially obtained to compare xerostomia severity between the 2 groups. RESULTS The trial group showed greater improvements in xerostomia questionnaire and score at 6 months post-RT when compared with those at 1 month post-RT (P = .007 and .008, respectively). In contrast, the control group showed no changes between 1 and 6 months post-RT. By salivary scintigraphy, there was no difference in maximal accumulation or ejection fraction between the 2 groups. However, the trial group maintained significantly better oral indices at the prestimulatory (P = .01) and poststimulatory (P = .009) stages at 1 month post-RT, compared with the control group. At the final follow-up, there was no difference in overall survival and disease-free survival between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that short-term supplementation with an antioxidant vitamin E/C complex exerts a protective effect against RT-induced xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ki Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Comprehensive Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Hun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Chan Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Comprehensive Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Young Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Comprehensive Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Comprehensive Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ik Son
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Comprehensive Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
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Koc S, Isgor BS, Isgor YG, Shomali Moghaddam N, Yildirim O. The potential medicinal value of plants from Asteraceae family with antioxidant defense enzymes as biological targets. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:746-751. [PMID: 25339240 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.942788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plants and most of the plant-derived compounds have long been known for their potential pharmaceutical effects. They are well known to play an important role in the treatment of several diseases from diabetes to various types of cancers. Today most of the clinically effective pharmaceuticals are developed from plant-derived ancestors in the history of medicine. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of methanol, ethanol, and acetone extracts from flowers and leaves of Onopordum acanthium L., Carduus acanthoides L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., and Centaurea solstitialis L., all from the Asteraceae family, for investigating their potential medicinal values of biological targets that are participating in the antioxidant defense system such as catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, free radical scavenging activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the plant samples were assayed by DPPH, Folin-Ciocalteu, and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods. Also, the effects of extracts on CAT, GST, and GPx enzyme activities were investigated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected in the acetone extract of C. acanthoides flowers, with 90.305 mg GAE/L and 185.43 mg Q/L values, respectively. The highest DPPH radical scavenging was observed with the methanol leaf extracts of C. arvense with an IC50 value of 366 ng/mL. The maximum GPx and GST enzyme inhibition activities were observed with acetone extracts from the flower of C. solstitialis with IC50 values of 79 and 232 ng/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheda Koc
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
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Lemmo W. Potential interactions of prescription and over‐the‐counter medications having antioxidant capabilities with radiation and chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:2525-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Lemmo
- LEMMO Integrated Cancer Care Inc.Vancouver Canada
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The diagnosis and treatment of pseudoprogression, radiation necrosis and brain tumor recurrence. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11832-46. [PMID: 24995696 PMCID: PMC4139817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an important modality used in the treatment of patients with brain metastatic disease and malignant gliomas. Post-treatment surveillance often involves serial magnetic resonance imaging. A challenge faced by clinicians is in the diagnosis and management of a suspicious gadolinium-enhancing lesion found on imaging. The suspicious lesion may represent post-treatment radiation effects (PTRE) such as pseudoprogression, radiation necrosis or tumor recurrence. Significant progress has been made in diagnostic imaging modalities to assist in differentiating these entities. Surgical and medical interventions have also been developed to treat PTRE. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging modalities and provide an algorithm for the management of pseudoprogression, radiation necrosis and tumor recurrence.
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Düsman E, Berti AP, Mariucci RG, Lopes NB, Tonin LTD, Vicentini VEP. Radioprotective effect of the Barbados Cherry (Malpighia glabra L.) against radiopharmaceutical iodine-131 in Wistar rats in vivo. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:41. [PMID: 24479389 PMCID: PMC3938045 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables has contributed to the improvement of populational health, due in part, to the abundance of antioxidants in these foods. Antioxidants reduce the level of oxidative damage to DNA caused by free radicals and ionizing radiation, including the radioisotope iodine-131 (131I). This isotope is used for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid injuries, such as hyperthyroidism and cancer. Methods This study aimed to evaluate the radioprotective and cytotoxic activity of acute and subchronic treatments with Barbados Cherry (BC) (Malpighia glabra L.) fruit juice (5 mg), which is rich in potent antioxidants such as vitamin C, phenols, carotenoids, anthocyanins and yellow flavonoids and its activity against the mutagenic activity of the therapeutic dose of 25 μCi of radioiodine for hyperthyroidism. The test system used was the bone marrow cells of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) that were treated in vivo by gavage. Results BC showed radioprotective activity in acute treatments, which is most likely due to the joint action of its antioxidant components. In subchronic treatments, the continuous treatment presented an effective radioprotective activity, which was significantly different from treatment with the radiopharmaceutical only. Treatment with BC prior to (PRE) and simultaneous with (SIM) ionizing radiation decreased the number of induced chromosomal alterations, while post-treatment produced no protective effect. In addition, BC exhibited no cytotoxic activity. Conclusions These data serve as evidence that BC can be used as a preventive health measure to improve public health quality by countering the action of inevitable exposure to mutagens, such as 131I.
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Seoung J, Park YH, Rhim C, Kim S. Current Possible Drug Therapies for Ovarian Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2014.513122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ben-Arye E, Polliack A, Schiff E, Tadmor T, Samuels N. Advising patients on the use of non-herbal nutritional supplements during cancer therapy: a need for doctor-patient communication. J Pain Symptom Manage 2013; 46:887-96. [PMID: 23707384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Many cancer patients are using non-herbal nutritional supplements (NHNS), often without informing their oncologists. OBJECTIVES To review the literature and summarize the beneficial effects and safety of NHNS in the prevention and reduction of treatment-related symptoms. METHODS Databases were searched for randomized, controlled clinical trials (Jadad score ≥ 2) using AltHealthWatch, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, MEDLINE, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Integrative Medicine Service Database, Natural Standard Database, and PubMed. The key words searched were the following: alternative and/or complementary medicine, nutritional and/or dietary supplements, quality of life, symptoms and/or side effects, specific toxicities (e.g., neuropathy, mucositis), and specific supplements (e.g., vitamin E, glutamine, etc.). RESULTS A number of NHNS products were found to be effective. The incidence and severity of peripheral sensory neuropathy associated with taxane-agents such as paclitaxel can be reduced with vitamin E, glutamine, and acetyl-L-carnitine. Vitamin E and glutamine also have been shown to reduce oral mucositis resulting from radiation and chemotherapy, and glutamine and probiotics can reduce chemotherapy-induced diarrhea. CONCLUSION There is a need to develop an open and nonjudgmental dialogue between oncologists and cancer patients, addressing the needs of the patient while dealing with issues related to the efficacy and safety of these products. Referral of patients to an integrative medicine consultant may help achieve these goals, providing both parties with the option of reaching an informed and respectful decision about treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Ben-Arye
- Integrative Oncology Program, The Oncology Service, Lin Medical Center, Clalit Health Services, Haifa and Western Galilee District, Haifa, Israel; Complementary and Traditional Medicine Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Kontek R, Jakubczak M, Matlawska-Wasowska K. The antioxidants, vitamin A and E but not vitamin C and melatonin enhance the proapoptotic effects of irinotecan in cancer cells in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 28:282-91. [PMID: 24287113 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Irinotecan is one of the camptothecin analog which has been shown to have a broad spectrum of antitumor activities against various malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin A, C, E and melatonin on proapoptotic activity of irinotecan in human cancer cells in vitro. We observed that irinotecan induced apoptosis in all types of analyzed cell lines when used as a single agent. Combination of selected antioxidants with various doses of irinotecan (7.5-60μM) resulted in significant increase in apoptotic cell death in A549 and HT29 cancer cell lines. The highest killing efficiency was observed after co-incubation of the cells with irinotecan and vitamin A (10μM), or vitamin E (25μM), respectively. The addition of vitamin C and melatonin to irinotecan treatment did not promote increase in killing of cancer cells. Our results indicate that some antioxidants can enhance the proapoptoic activity (properties) of irinotecan in human cancer cells in vitro. These findings may be supportive for the optimization of therapeutic efficacy of irinotecan treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kontek
- University of Lodz, Department of General Genetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marta Jakubczak
- University of Lodz, Department of General Genetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ksenia Matlawska-Wasowska
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Cheng H, Lee SH, Wu S. Effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on adhesive strength between breast cancer cell and extracellular matrix proteins after ionizing radiation. Life Sci 2013; 93:798-803. [PMID: 24113073 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (LNAC), a common ROS scavenger, on the adhesive affinity between MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins after IR. MAIN METHODS Using static cell adhesion assays to determine the effect of various times and duration of LNAC (10mM) treatment on IR (20Gy)-altered adhesive affinity between MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and ECM, especially fibronectin; using fluorescence dye carboxy- 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate to determine intracellular levels of ROS; using flow cytometry to determine cell surface integrin β1; and using Western blot analysis to determine vimentin expression. KEY FINDINGS Our results indicated that continuously treating the breast cancer cells with LNAC for 24h, starting immediately after IR, could inhibit IR-induced cell adhesion to ECM proteins at 24h post-IR. The reduction of cell adhesive affinity was correlated with a down-regulation of IR-induced ROS production and surface expression of activated integrin β1. When the cells were pretreated for 1h, the inhibitory effects of LNAC were found to be either reduced or completely abrogated followed by 24h or 2h treatments, respectively. In addition to cell adhesion, treatment with LNAC inhibited IR-induced expression of vimentin, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker (EMT). SIGNIFICANCE The benefits of administering antioxidants during radiation therapy have been the subject of much controversy. Our results suggest that if antioxidant treatment is to be combined with IR therapy, time of administration and treatment duration are important variables to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Cheng
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Helical irradiation of the total skin with dose painting to replace total skin electron beam therapy for therapy-refractory cutaneous CD4+ T-cell lymphoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:717589. [PMID: 24175298 PMCID: PMC3794623 DOI: 10.1155/2013/717589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A 36-year-old woman was diagnosed with a therapy-refractory cutaneous CD4+ T-cell lymphoma, T3N0M0B0, and stage IIB. Helical irradiation of the total skin (HITS) and dose painting techniques, with 30 Gy in 40 fractions interrupted at 20 fractions with one week resting, 4 times per week were prescribed. The diving suit was dressed whole body to increase the superficial dose and using central core complete block (CCCB) technique for reducing the internal organ dose. The mean doses of critical organs of head, chest, and abdomen were 2.1 to 29.9 Gy, 2.9 to 8.1 Gy, and 3.6 to 15.7 Gy, respectively. The mean dose of lesions was 84.0 cGy. The dosage of left side pretreated area was decreased 57%. The tumor regressed progressively without further noduloplaques. During the HITS procedure, most toxicity was grade I except leukocytopenia with grade 3. No epitheliolysis, phlyctenules, tumor lysis syndrome, fever, vomiting, dyspnea, edema of the extremities, or diarrhea occurred during the treatment. HITS with dose painting techniques provides precise dosage delivery with impressive results, sparing critical organs, and offering limited transient and chronic sequelae for previously locally irradiated, therapy-refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
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Giardi MT, Touloupakis E, Bertolotto D, Mascetti G. Preventive or potential therapeutic value of nutraceuticals against ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in exposed subjects and frequent fliers. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17168-92. [PMID: 23965979 PMCID: PMC3759958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140817168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are constantly exposed to ionizing radiation deriving from outer space sources or activities related to medical care. Absorption of ionizing radiation doses over a prolonged period of time can result in oxidative damage and cellular dysfunction inducing several diseases, especially in ageing subjects. In this report, we analyze the effects of ionizing radiation, particularly at low doses, in relation to a variety of human pathologies, including cancer, and cardiovascular and retinal diseases. We discuss scientific data in support of protection strategies by safe antioxidant formulations that can provide preventive or potential therapeutic value in response to long-term diseases that may develop following exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleftherios Touloupakis
- Biosensor, Via Olmetti 44 Formello, Rome 00060, Italy; E-Mail:
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Voutes-Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Delfina Bertolotto
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Viale Liegi 26, Rome 00198, Italy; E-Mails: (D.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Gabriele Mascetti
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Viale Liegi 26, Rome 00198, Italy; E-Mails: (D.B.); (G.M.)
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Saeidnia S, Abdollahi M. Antioxidants: friends or foe in prevention or treatment of cancer: the debate of the century. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:49-63. [PMID: 23680455 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are a number of intrinsic (e.g. oncogenes) and extrinsic (e.g. radiation and inflammation) factors, which may arise in reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in DNA instability and then cancer. In this situation, initial cancerous cells would balance the harmful effects of ROS by switching on the protective effects in a longstanding manner. In normal conditions, ROS have an important role in signal transduction and gene transcription, nevertheless, ROS may act as a trigger for carcinogenesis via persistent DNA injuries as well as mutations in p53 such as conditions observed in skin, hepatocellular, and colon cancers. Some compounds like paclitaxel are able to attack cancer cells through generation of ROS or interfering with ROS metabolism, while there are a few anti-angiogenesis compounds without toxicity such as endostatin, which act as anti-neoplastic only together with another chemotherapeutic drug. Furthermore, some anti-cancer agents like piperlongumine bind to the active sites of several key cellular antioxidants including glutathione S transferase and carbonyl reductase 1 only in the cancer cells. Although the natural antioxidants can alone or in combination with the diet provide some benefits for chemoprevention, their position in cancer therapy, especially initial stages of carcinogenesis is breaking down. On the other hand antioxidants can promote the survival of detached cells from extra cellular medium playing dual activities with respect to tumorigenesis through inhibition of tumorigenesis by preventing oxidative injuries to DNA and otherwise maintenance of tumor by promoting cell survival via metabolic rescue. Hopefully, more details of antioxidant and anti-neoplastic mechanisms become clear day by day, which have made researchers renew the strategy for designing cancer prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Saeidnia
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
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Samuels N, Schiff E, Ben-Arye E. Non-herbal nutritional supplements for symptom relief in adjuvant breast cancer: creating a doctor-patient dialogue. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2013; 4:e1. [PMID: 24644186 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2013-000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Patients with breast cancer frequently turn to complementary medical therapies, including non-herbal nutritional supplements (NHNS). A number of NHNS products have been shown to potentially reduce the incidence and severity of adjuvant treatment-related symptoms. We review the literature and summarise the potential beneficial effects of these products and address issues regarding the safety of this practice. We offer an evidence-based approach for advancing a dialogue between doctors and patients interested in NHNS for adjuvant treatment-related toxicities. Taxane agents such as paclitaxel are frequently complicated by peripheral sensory neuropathy. The findings from several studies suggest that supplementation with vitamin E, glutamine and acetyl-L-carnithine may reduce the incidence and severity of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. Glutamine has also been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of chemotherapy-induced and radiation-induced oral mucositis. Selenium can reduce upper limb lymphoedema following surgery and radiation treatments, and an antioxidant supplement has exhibited a protective effect against radiation-induced dermatitis. Finally, vitamin D has been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence and severity of arthralgia resulting from treatment with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole. The use of coenzyme Q10 was not found to be of benefit for cancer-related fatigue. There is a need to develop an open and non-judgmental dialogue between doctors and their patients with breast cancer, respecting the needs of the patient while addressing issues related to the efficacy and safety of NHNS products. Referral of patients to an integrative medicine consultant may help achieve these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Samuels
- Integrative Oncology Program, The Oncology Service and Lin Medical Center, Clalit Health Services, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elad Schiff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bnai-Zion Hospital, Haifa, Israel The Department for Complementary/Integrative Medicine, Law and Ethics, The International Center for Health, Law and Ethics, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Ben-Arye
- Integrative Oncology Program, The Oncology Service and Lin Medical Center, Clalit Health Services, Haifa, Israel Complementary and Traditional Medicine Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel Clalit Health Services, Haifa, Israel
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Fullerene nanoparticles and their anti-oxidative effects: a comparison to other radioprotective agents. J Appl Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10136-012-0002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Nakayama A, Alladin KP, Igbokwe O, White JD. Systematic review: generating evidence-based guidelines on the concurrent use of dietary antioxidants and chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Cancer Invest 2011; 29:655-67. [PMID: 22085269 PMCID: PMC3666569 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2011.626479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The risk-benefit ratio for concurrent use of dietary antioxidants with chemotherapy or radiation therapy is a controversial topic. In this review, the medical literature on concurrent antioxidant use with chemotherapy or radiotherapy was assessed and further steps for generating evidence-based guidelines are suggested. The clinical cancer research community should cooperate and focus new studies on the use of a specific combination of antioxidant and chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and determine optimal doses for a specific cancer setting. Mechanistic studies on the interaction between antioxidants and conventional cancer therapy could lead to novel biomarkers for assessing dose adequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakayama
- Preferred Staffing Group, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Karen P. Alladin
- Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Obianuju Igbokwe
- Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. White
- Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Masterson TA, Dill AL, Eberlin LS, Mattarozzi M, Cheng L, Beck SDW, Bianchi F, Cooks RG. Distinctive glycerophospholipid profiles of human seminoma and adjacent normal tissues by desorption electrospray ionization imaging mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:1326-33. [PMID: 21953186 PMCID: PMC10712021 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) has been successfully used to discriminate between normal and cancerous human tissue from different anatomical sites. On the basis of this, DESI-MS imaging was used to characterize human seminoma and adjacent normal tissue. Seminoma and adjacent normal paired human tissue sections (40 tissues) from 15 patients undergoing radical orchiectomy were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and sectioned to 15 μm thickness and thaw mounted to glass slides. The entire sample was two-dimensionally analyzed by the charged solvent spray to form a molecular image of the biological tissue. DESI-MS images were compared with formalin-fixed, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides of the same material. Increased signal intensity was detected for two seminolipids [seminolipid (16:0/16:0) and seminolipid (30:0)] in the normal tubule testis tissue; these compounds were undetectable in seminoma tissue, as well as from the surrounding fat, muscle, and blood vessels. A glycerophosphoinositol [PI(18:0/20:4)] was also found at increased intensity in the normal testes tubule tissue when compared with seminoma tissue. Ascorbic acid (i.e., vitamin C) was found at increased amounts in seminoma tissue when compared with normal tissue. DESI-MS analysis was successfully used to visualize the location of several types of molecules across human seminoma and normal tissues. Discrimination between seminoma and adjacent normal testes tubules was achieved on the basis of the spatial distributions and varying intensities of particular lipid species as well as ascorbic acid. The increased presence of ascorbic acid within seminoma compared with normal seminiferous tubules was previously unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Masterson
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Kang KM, Kang YN, Choi IB, Gu Y, Kawamura T, Toyoda Y, Nakao A. Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors. Med Gas Res 2011; 1:11. [PMID: 22146004 PMCID: PMC3231938 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer patients receiving radiotherapy often experience fatigue and impaired quality of life (QOL). Many side effects of radiotherapy are believed to be associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation due to the generation of reactive oxygen species during radiotherapy. Hydrogen can be administered as a therapeutic medical gas, has antioxidant properties, and reduces inflammation in tissues. This study examined whether hydrogen treatment, in the form of hydrogen-supplemented water, improved QOL in patients receiving radiotherapy. Methods A randomized, placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on 49 patients receiving radiotherapy for malignant liver tumors. Hydrogen-rich water was produced by placing a metallic magnesium stick into drinking water (final hydrogen concentration; 0.55~0.65 mM). The Korean version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer's QLQ-C30 instrument was used to evaluate global health status and QOL. The concentration of derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites and biological antioxidant power in the peripheral blood were assessed. Results The consumption of hydrogen-rich water for 6 weeks reduced reactive oxygen metabolites in the blood and maintained blood oxidation potential. QOL scores during radiotherapy were significantly improved in patients treated with hydrogen-rich water compared to patients receiving placebo water. There was no difference in tumor response to radiotherapy between the two groups. Conclusions Daily consumption of hydrogen-rich water is a potentially novel, therapeutic strategy for improving QOL after radiation exposure. Consumption of hydrogen-rich water reduces the biological reaction to radiation-induced oxidative stress without compromising anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Mun Kang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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LIU JIQIANG, ZHANG ZHENYA, XING GUOQING, HU HONGHAI, SUGIURA NORIO, KEO INTABON. Potential antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of a hot-water extract from the root of Tonh khidum. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:383-387. [PMID: 22966313 PMCID: PMC3436351 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, the possible antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of a hot-water extract (TW100) from the root of Tonh khidum (Actinidia kolomikta Maxim) were examined in vitro. Total phenolic compound, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity assays were utilized to investigate its antioxidant activity. As a result, TW100 showed a strong antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content of TW100 was 143 μg gallic acid equivalents/mg. The SOD-like activity of TW100 was 666,667 U/g extract, and the DPPH radical-scavenging activity was 129 μg/ml at EC(50) which was one third of vitamin E (40 μg/ml). The antiproliferative effects and ability of the extracts to induce apoptosis were studied in vitro using human cervical cancer ME-180 cells. Results showed that TW100 inhibited the proliferation of ME-180 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner except at a low concentration (10 μg/ml) with an EC(50) at 24, 48 and 72 h of 36.28, 30.55 and 29.78 μg/ml, respectively. TW100 also induced apoptosis as determined by a nuclear fragmentation assay and an analysis of flow cytometry. In conclusion, the hot-water extract from the root of Tonh khidum possesses potential antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- JIQIANG LIU
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - ZHENYA ZHANG
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - GUOQING XING
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - HONGHAI HU
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - NORIO SUGIURA
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - INTABON KEO
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
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Wakshlag JJ, Balkman CA, Morgan SK, McEntee MC. Evaluation of the protective effects of all-trans-astaxanthin on canine osteosarcoma cell lines. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:89-96. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Muenstedt K, El-Safadi S. Nutritive Supplements - Help or Harm for Breast Cancer Patients? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 5:383-387. [PMID: 21494403 DOI: 10.1159/000322651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY: Considerable numbers of patients and physicians believe that micronutrients may be useful with respect to prevention and treatment of breast cancer. However, the analysis of the literature shows that basic information on nutritional demands in cancer patients is lacking. It is unknown whether there is an increased demand of micro-nutrients in cancer patients in general and if there is an even more increased demand during the various types of treatment. As a result, there are only limited positive findings. Higher calcium intake in premenopausal women and higher intake of vitamin D seem to be able to lower breast cancer incidence. Vitamin E (800 IU per day) was found to have a modest effect on hot flashes during tamoxifen treatment. However, there are potential side effects especially when micronutrients are administered in high or very high doses. There is increasing evidence that dose-effect relationships are not linear but U-shaped. It seems that two thresholds exist for adverse effect, one at low doses for undersupply, and another at high doses for toxicity. Thus, arbitrary high-dose administration of micronutrients should be avoided. Supplementation of normal doses seems to be safe and acceptable from the medical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Muenstedt
- Department for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Giessen, Germany
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