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Bessone F, Hillotte GL, Ahumada N, Jaureguizahar F, Medeot AC, Roma MG. UDCA for Drug-Induced Liver Disease: Clinical and Pathophysiological Basis. Semin Liver Dis 2024; 44:1-22. [PMID: 38378025 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an adverse reaction to medications and other xenobiotics that leads to liver dysfunction. Based on differential clinical patterns of injury, DILI is classified into hepatocellular, cholestatic, and mixed types; although hepatocellular DILI is associated with inflammation, necrosis, and apoptosis, cholestatic DILI is associated with bile plugs and bile duct paucity. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been empirically used as a supportive drug mainly in cholestatic DILI, but both curative and prophylactic beneficial effects have been observed for hepatocellular DILI as well, according to preliminary clinical studies. This could reflect the fact that UDCA has a plethora of beneficial effects potentially useful to treat the wide range of injuries with different etiologies and pathomechanisms occurring in both types of DILI, including anticholestatic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antinecrotic, mitoprotective, endoplasmic reticulum stress alleviating, and immunomodulatory properties. In this review, a revision of the literature has been performed to evaluate the efficacy of UDCA across the whole DILI spectrum, and these findings were associated with the multiple mechanisms of UDCA hepatoprotection. This should help better rationalize and systematize the use of this versatile and safe hepatoprotector in each type of DILI scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bessone
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Geraldine L Hillotte
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ahumada
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Jaureguizahar
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Marcelo G Roma
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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2
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Brevini T, Maes M, Webb GJ, John BV, Fuchs CD, Buescher G, Wang L, Griffiths C, Brown ML, Scott WE, Pereyra-Gerber P, Gelson WTH, Brown S, Dillon S, Muraro D, Sharp J, Neary M, Box H, Tatham L, Stewart J, Curley P, Pertinez H, Forrest S, Mlcochova P, Varankar SS, Darvish-Damavandi M, Mulcahy VL, Kuc RE, Williams TL, Heslop JA, Rossetti D, Tysoe OC, Galanakis V, Vila-Gonzalez M, Crozier TWM, Bargehr J, Sinha S, Upponi SS, Fear C, Swift L, Saeb-Parsy K, Davies SE, Wester A, Hagström H, Melum E, Clements D, Humphreys P, Herriott J, Kijak E, Cox H, Bramwell C, Valentijn A, Illingworth CJR, Dahman B, Bastaich DR, Ferreira RD, Marjot T, Barnes E, Moon AM, Barritt AS, Gupta RK, Baker S, Davenport AP, Corbett G, Gorgoulis VG, Buczacki SJA, Lee JH, Matheson NJ, Trauner M, Fisher AJ, Gibbs P, Butler AJ, Watson CJE, Mells GF, Dougan G, Owen A, Lohse AW, Vallier L, Sampaziotis F. FXR inhibition may protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing ACE2. Nature 2023; 615:134-142. [PMID: 36470304 PMCID: PMC9977684 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating viral host receptors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)1, could represent a new chemoprophylactic approach for COVID-19 that complements vaccination2,3. However, the mechanisms that control the expression of ACE2 remain unclear. Here we show that the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a direct regulator of ACE2 transcription in several tissues affected by COVID-19, including the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. We then use the over-the-counter compound z-guggulsterone and the off-patent drug ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) to reduce FXR signalling and downregulate ACE2 in human lung, cholangiocyte and intestinal organoids and in the corresponding tissues in mice and hamsters. We show that the UDCA-mediated downregulation of ACE2 reduces susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, in vivo and in human lungs and livers perfused ex situ. Furthermore, we reveal that UDCA reduces the expression of ACE2 in the nasal epithelium in humans. Finally, we identify a correlation between UDCA treatment and positive clinical outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection using retrospective registry data, and confirm these findings in an independent validation cohort of recipients of liver transplants. In conclusion, we show that FXR has a role in controlling ACE2 expression and provide evidence that modulation of this pathway could be beneficial for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection, paving the way for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Brevini
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Mailis Maes
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gwilym J Webb
- Cambridge Liver Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Binu V John
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Miami and Miami VA Health System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Claudia D Fuchs
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gustav Buescher
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lu Wang
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Chelsea Griffiths
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marnie L Brown
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - William E Scott
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Pehuén Pereyra-Gerber
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William T H Gelson
- Cambridge Liver Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Scott Dillon
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jo Sharp
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Megan Neary
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Box
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lee Tatham
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - James Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Curley
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Henry Pertinez
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sally Forrest
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Petra Mlcochova
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Miami and Miami VA Health System, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Mahnaz Darvish-Damavandi
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria L Mulcahy
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rhoda E Kuc
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas L Williams
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - James A Heslop
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Olivia C Tysoe
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Thomas W M Crozier
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes Bargehr
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara S Upponi
- Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Corrina Fear
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa Swift
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Roy Calne Transplant Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Davies
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Axel Wester
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Espen Melum
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Jo Herriott
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edyta Kijak
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Cox
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chloe Bramwell
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anthony Valentijn
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher J R Illingworth
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bassam Dahman
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Dustin R Bastaich
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Raphaella D Ferreira
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Miami and Miami VA Health System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Marjot
- Oxford Liver Unit, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Oxford Liver Unit, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew M Moon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alfred S Barritt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Baker
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gareth Corbett
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Simon J A Buczacki
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul Gibbs
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Roy Calne Transplant Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Butler
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Roy Calne Transplant Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher J E Watson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Roy Calne Transplant Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and the NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit (BTRU) at the University of Cambridge in collaboration with Newcastle University and in partnership with NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Cambridge, UK
| | - George F Mells
- Cambridge Liver Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), BIH Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Fotios Sampaziotis
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Liver Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Morales V, González A, Cabello-Verrugio C. Upregulation of CCL5/RANTES Gene Expression in the Diaphragm of Mice with Cholestatic Liver Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1408:201-218. [PMID: 37093429 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26163-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are a group of pathologies affecting the liver with high prevalence worldwide. Among them, cholestatic chronic liver diseases (CCLD) are characterized by alterations in liver function and increased plasma bile acids. Secondary to liver disease, under cholestasis, is developed sarcopenia, a skeletal muscle dysfunction with decreased muscle mass, strength, and physical function. CCL5/RANTES is a chemokine involved in the immune and inflammatory response. Indeed, CCL5 is a myokine because it is produced by skeletal muscle. Several studies show that bile acids induce CCL5/RANTES expression in liver cells. However, it is unknown if the expression of CCL5/RANTES is changed in the skeletal muscle of mice with cholestatic liver disease. We used a murine model of cholestasis-induced sarcopenia by intake of hepatotoxin 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC diet), in which we detected the mRNA levels for ccl5. We determined that mice fed the DDC diet presented high levels of serum bile acids and developed typical features of sarcopenia. Under these conditions, we detected the ccl5 gene expression in diaphragm muscle showing elevated mRNA levels compared to mice fed with a standard diet (chow diet). Our results collectively suggest an increased ccl5 gene expression in the diaphragm muscle concomitantly with elevated serum bile acids and the development of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Morales
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea González
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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4
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Men WJ, Meng ZJ, Wang Q, Chen MY, Zhai YX, Shi H, Wang AH, Zhou K. The changes of hepatic bile acid synthesis and transport and bile acids profiles in isopsoralen-induced liver injury C57BL/6J mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1701-1709. [PMID: 36066106 PMCID: PMC9467544 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2116057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEST Isopsoralen, one of the main active and quality-control compounds in Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae), has antitumor and oestrogen-like effects. Previous studies demonstrated that isopsoralen induced hepatotoxicity and its long-term exposure led to cholestatic liver injury. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effect of three- or seven-day exposure of low dose isopsoralen (80 mg/kg) on bile acid homeostasis in C57BL/6J mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, three- and seven-day groups (n = 14 per group, half female and half male). Isopsoralen suspension was administrated intragastrically at 80 mg/kg once a day. Blood and liver samples were collected to measure biochemical indices and transport of BAs. The histopathology of the liver was also observed. HPLC-MS/MS was also used to measure the BAs profiles and transport activity. RESULTS In the study, isopsoralen increased the levels of serum AST, ALT in three- and seven-day groups, and caused vacuolar degeneration and swelling in the liver. Canalicular efflux transporters BSEP, OSTα, MRP2, MRP3, and basolateral uptake transporters NTCP, OATP4 were inhibited after seven-day-administration. Moreover, amino acid binding enzymes (BAAT and BACS) were also inhibited after seven-day-administration. The composition of BAs changed greatly and the concentration of some unconjugated-BAs which have stronger hydrophobicity, such as CA, CDCA, was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Isopsoralen (80 mg/kg) caused hepatotoxicity after short-term exposure by inhibiting the expression of efflux transporters, amino acid binding enzymes, and disrupting BAs spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-jie Men
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao-jun Meng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng-ying Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-xia Zhai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, China
| | - An-hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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5
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Thangamani S, Monasky R, Lee JK, Antharam V, HogenEsch H, Hazbun TR, Jin Y, Gu H, Guo GL. Bile Acid Regulates the Colonization and Dissemination of Candida albicans from the Gastrointestinal Tract by Controlling Host Defense System and Microbiota. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121030. [PMID: 34947012 PMCID: PMC8708873 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (CA), a commensal and opportunistic eukaryotic organism, frequently inhabits the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and causes life-threatening infections. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis is a major risk factor for increased CA colonization and dissemination from the GI tract. We identified a significant increase of taurocholic acid (TCA), a major bile acid in antibiotic-treated mice susceptible to CA infection. In vivo findings indicate that administration of TCA through drinking water is sufficient to induce colonization and dissemination of CA in wild-type and immunosuppressed mice. Treatment with TCA significantly reduced mRNA expression of immune genes ang4 and Cxcr3 in the colon. In addition, TCA significantly decreased the relative abundance of three culturable species of commensal bacteria, Turicibacter sanguinis, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Clostridium celatum, in both cecal contents and mucosal scrapings from the colon. Taken together, our results indicate that TCA promotes fungal colonization and dissemination of CA from the GI tract by controlling the host defense system and intestinal microbiota that play a critical role in regulating CA in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-494-0763
| | - Ross Monasky
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Jung Keun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Vijay Antharam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts, Humanities and Sciences, Methodist University, Fayetteville, NC 28311, USA;
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Tony R. Hazbun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Yan Jin
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.)
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.)
- Center for Translational Science, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 33199, USA
| | - Grace L. Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ 07018, USA
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Bessone F, Hernández N, Tanno M, Roma MG. Drug-Induced Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome: From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Semin Liver Dis 2021; 41:331-348. [PMID: 34130334 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The most concerned issue in the context of drug/herb-induced chronic cholestasis is vanishing bile duct syndrome. The progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts leading to ductopenia is usually not dose dependent, and has a delayed onset that should be suspected when abnormal serum cholestasis enzyme levels persist despite drug withdrawal. Immune-mediated cholangiocyte injury, direct cholangiocyte damage by drugs or their metabolites once in bile, and sustained exposure to toxic bile salts when biliary epithelium protective defenses are impaired are the main mechanisms of cholangiolar damage. Current therapeutic alternatives are scarce and have not shown consistent beneficial effects so far. This review will summarize the current literature on the main diagnostic tools of ductopenia and its histological features, and the differential diagnostic with other ductopenic diseases. In addition, pathomechanisms will be addressed, as well as the connection between them and the supportive and curative strategies for ductopenia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bessone
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nelia Hernández
- Clínica de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Clínicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mario Tanno
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Roma
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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7
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Mapping drug-target interactions and synergy in multi-molecular therapeutics for pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:11. [PMID: 33589646 PMCID: PMC7884732 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in systems biology have resulted in the development of network pharmacology, leading to a paradigm shift from "one-target, one-drug" to "target-network, multi-component therapeutics". We employ a chimeric approach involving in-vivo assays, gene expression analysis, cheminformatics, and network biology to deduce the regulatory actions of a multi-constituent Ayurvedic concoction, Amalaki Rasayana (AR) in animal models for its effect in pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy. The proteomics analysis of in-vivo assays for Aorta Constricted and Biologically Aged rat models identify proteins expressed under each condition. Network analysis mapping protein-protein interactions and synergistic actions of AR using multi-component networks reveal drug targets such as ACADM, COX4I1, COX6B1, HBB, MYH14, and SLC25A4, as potential pharmacological co-targets for cardiac hypertrophy. Further, five out of eighteen AR constituents potentially target these proteins. We propose a distinct prospective strategy for the discovery of network pharmacological therapies and repositioning of existing drug molecules for treating pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy.
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Sarcopenia Induced by Chronic Liver Disease in Mice Requires the Expression of the Bile Acids Membrane Receptor TGR5. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217922. [PMID: 33113850 PMCID: PMC7662491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a condition of muscle dysfunction, commonly associated with chronic liver disease (CLD), characterized by a decline in muscle strength, the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and oxidative stress. We recently described a murine model of CLD-induced sarcopenia by intake of hepatotoxin 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC), which presents an increase in plasma bile acids (BA). BA induced skeletal muscle atrophy through a mechanism dependent on the Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) receptor. In the present study, we evaluated the role of TGR5 signaling in the development of sarcopenia using a model of DDC-induced CLD in C57BL6 wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in TGR5 expression (TGR5−/− mice). The results indicate that the decline in muscle function and contractibility induced by the DDC diet is dependent on TGR5 expression. TGR5 dependence was also observed for the decrease in fiber diameter and sarcomeric proteins, as well as for the fast-to-slow shift in muscle fiber type. UPS overactivation, indicated by increased atrogin-1/MAFbx (atrogin-1) and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) protein levels and oxidative stress, was abolished in tibialis anterior muscles from TGR5−/− mice. Our results collectively suggest that all sarcopenia features induced by the DDC-supplemented diet in mice are dependent on TGR5 receptor expression.
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Ferraro E, Pozhidaeva L, Pitcher DS, Mansfield C, Koh JHB, Williamson C, Aslanidi O, Gorelik J, Ng FS. Prolonged ursodeoxycholic acid administration reduces acute ischaemia-induced arrhythmias in adult rat hearts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15284. [PMID: 32943714 PMCID: PMC7499428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (I-R) are major causes of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with a history of coronary artery disease. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has previously been shown to be antiarrhythmic in fetal hearts. This study was performed to investigate if UDCA protects against ischaemia-induced and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in the adult myocardium, and compares the effect of acute (perfusion only) versus prolonged (2 weeks pre-treatment plus perfusion) UDCA administration. Langendorff-perfused adult Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were subjected to acute regional ischaemia by ligation of the left anterior descending artery (10 min), followed by reperfusion (2 min), and arrhythmia incidence quantified. Prolonged UDCA administration reduced the incidence of acute ischaemia-induced arrhythmias (p = 0.028), with a reduction in number of ventricular ectopic beats during the ischaemic phase compared with acute treatment (10 ± 3 vs 58 ± 15, p = 0.036). No antiarrhythmic effect was observed in the acute UDCA administration group. Neither acute nor prolonged UDCA treatment altered the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias. The antiarrhythmic effect of UDCA may be partially mediated by an increase in cardiac wavelength, due to the attenuation of conduction velocity slowing (p = 0.03), and the preservation of Connexin43 phosphorylation during acute ischaemia (p = 0.0027). The potential antiarrhythmic effects of prolonged UDCA administration merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ferraro
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lidia Pozhidaeva
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David S Pitcher
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jia Han Benjamin Koh
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Oleg Aslanidi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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10
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Pataia V, McIlvride S, Papacleovoulou G, Ovadia C, McDonald JAK, Wahlström A, Jansen E, Adorini L, Shapiro D, Marchesi JR, Marschall HU, Williamson C. Obeticholic acid improves fetal bile acid profile in a mouse model of gestational hypercholanemia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G197-G211. [PMID: 32597707 PMCID: PMC7500267 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00126.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterized by elevated maternal circulating bile acid levels and associated dyslipidemia. ICP leads to accumulation of bile acids in the fetal compartment, and the elevated bile acid concentrations are associated with an increased risk of adverse fetal outcomes. The farnesoid X receptor agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) is efficient in the treatment of cholestatic conditions such as primary biliary cholangitis. We hypothesized that OCA administration during hypercholanemic pregnancy will improve maternal and fetal bile acid and lipid profiles. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed either a normal chow diet, a 0.5% cholic acid (CA)-supplemented diet, a 0.03% OCA-supplemented diet, or a 0.5% CA + 0.03% OCA-supplemented diet for 1 wk before mating and throughout pregnancy until euthanization on day 18. The effects of CA and OCA feeding on maternal and fetal morphometry, bile acid and lipid levels, and cecal microbiota were investigated. OCA administration during gestation did not alter the maternal or fetal body weight or organ morphometry. OCA treatment during hypercholanemic pregnancy reduced bile acid levels in the fetal compartment. However, fetal dyslipidemia was not reversed, and OCA did not impact maternal bile acid levels or dyslipidemia. In conclusion, OCA administration during gestation had no apparent detrimental impact on maternal or fetal morphometry and improved fetal hypercholanemia. Because high serum bile acid concentrations in ICP are associated with increased rates of adverse fetal outcomes, further investigations into the potential use of OCA during cholestatic gestation are warranted.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used a mouse model of gestational hypercholanemia to investigate the use of obeticholic acid (OCA), a potent FXR agonist, as a treatment for the hypercholanemia of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). The results demonstrate that OCA can improve the fetal bile acid profile. This is relevant not only to women with ICP but also for women who become pregnant while receiving OCA treatment for other conditions such as primary biliary cholangitis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pataia
- 1Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saraid McIlvride
- 1Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Papacleovoulou
- 1Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Ovadia
- 1Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A. K. McDonald
- 2MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annika Wahlström
- 3Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eugène Jansen
- 4Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Julian R. Marchesi
- 6Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,7School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- 3Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine Williamson
- 1Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Ursodeoxycholic acid improves feto-placental and offspring metabolic outcomes in hypercholanemic pregnancy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10361. [PMID: 32587408 PMCID: PMC7316783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in the intrauterine environment can result in lifelong consequences for metabolic health during postnatal life. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) can predispose offspring to metabolic disease in adulthood, likely due to a combination of the effects of increased bile acids, maternal dyslipidemia and deranged maternal and fetal lipid homeostasis. Whereas ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a commonly used treatment for ICP, no studies have yet addressed whether it can also prevent the metabolic effects of ICP in the offspring and fetoplacental unit. We therefore analyzed the lipid profile of fetal serum from untreated ICP, UDCA-treated ICP and uncomplicated pregnancies and found that UDCA ameliorates ICP-associated fetal dyslipidemia. We then investigated the effects of UDCA in a mouse model of hypercholanemic pregnancy and showed that it induces hepatoprotective mechanisms in the fetal liver, reduces hepatic fatty acid synthase (Fas) expression and improves glucose tolerance in the adult offspring. Finally, we showed that ICP leads to epigenetic changes in pathways of relevance to the offspring phenotype. We therefore conclude that UDCA can be used as an intervention in pregnancy to reduce features of metabolic disease in the offspring of hypercholanemic mothers.
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Zhang Z, Miao Y, Xu M, Cheng W, Yang C, She X, Geng Q, Zhang Q. TianJiu therapy for α-naphthyl isothiocyanate-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats treated with fresh Ranunculus sceleratus L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112310. [PMID: 31629027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE TianJiu (TJ) therapy, one type of cold moxibustion, applies to specific acupuncture points with herbal patches of hot nature, providing a constant irritant to the skin until the presence of hyperemia and blistering. Traditional and clinical reports suggest that TJ is an effective therapy for the treatment of jaundice with fresh Ranunculus sceleratus L. (RS), in which protoanemonin is one of the main irritant constituents. However, the therapeutic effect of TJ treatment with fresh RS against intrahepatic cholestasis has not been studied in animal experiments. AIM OF THE STUDY Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of TJ treatment with fresh RS against intrahepatic cholestasis in rats and provide an experimental basis for the underlying mechanism of TJ therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male intrahepatic cholestatic Sprague-Dawley rats induced by 2% α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT, 80 mg/kg B.W.) were treated by TJ therapy with fresh RS. The levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin (DBIL), total bilirubin (TBIL), total bile acid (TBA), hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric monoxide (NO), as well as hepatic body ratio, bile flow and hepatic histopathological assay were measured and evaluated to investigate the therapeutic effect of TJ treatment with fresh RS. Phytochemical analysis of fresh and dried RS was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). RESULTS After TJ treatment with fresh RS, the abnormally elevated levels of serum AST, ALT, ALP, DBIL, TBIL and TBA, as well as hepatic MDA and NO at 108 h were reduced significantly (versus model group, P < 0.01). The hepatic body ratio, bile flow and hepatic pathological change of cholestatic rats at 108 h in TJ group were restored when compared with those of model group. Thirty-one compounds including lactones, flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified and determined by GC-MS analysis. The content of protoanemonin in fresh RS (9.49%) was about 25-fold higher than that in dried RS (0.38%). CONCLUSIONS TJ treatment with fresh RS exhibited good therapeutic effect on ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats, which may be due to the attenuated oxidative stress in the liver tissue. It is rational for the ancients to choose fresh RS as TJ herbal patches because of its abundant protoanemonin with the character of irritant. The qualitative and quantitative results of GC-MS analysis provided the chemical basis of TJ therapy with fresh RS, which can be regarded as a simple and efficient method for the treatment of cholestasis hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yiru Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wenming Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiangjian She
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qunlin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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13
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Török G, Erdei Z, Lilienberg J, Apáti Á, Homolya L. The importance of transporters and cell polarization for the evaluation of human stem cell-derived hepatic cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227751. [PMID: 31971960 PMCID: PMC6977753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising applications of human pluripotent stem cells is their utilization for human-based pharmacological models. Despite the fact that membrane transporters expressed in the liver play pivotal role in various hepatic functions, thus far only little attention was devoted to the membrane transporter composition of the stem cell-derived liver models. In the present work, we have differentiated HUES9, a human embryonic stem cell line, toward the hepatic lineage, and monitored the expression levels of numerous differentiation marker and liver transporter genes with special focus on ABC transporters. In addition, the effect of bile acid treatment and polarizing culturing conditions on hepatic maturation has been assessed. We found that most transporter genes crucial for hepatic functions are markedly induced during hepatic differentiation; however, as regards the transporter composition the end-stage cells still exhibited dual, hepatocyte and cholangiocyte character. Although the bile acid treatment and sandwich culturing only slightly influenced the gene expressions, the stimulated cell polarization resulted in formation of bile canaliculi and proper localization of transporters. Our results point to the importance of membrane transporters in human stem cell-derived hepatic models and demonstrate the relevance of cell polarization in generation of applicable cellular models with correctly localized transporters. On the basis of our observations we suggest that conventional criteria for the evaluation of the quality of stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells ought to be augmented with additional elements, such as polarized and functional expression of hepatic transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Török
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Erdei
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julianna Lilienberg
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Homolya
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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14
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Zhai Q, Wang J, Cen S, Zhao J, Zhang H, Tian F, Chen W. Modulation of the gut microbiota by a galactooligosaccharide protects against heavy metal lead accumulation in mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:3768-3781. [PMID: 31180403 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00587k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The heavy metal lead (Pb) is a toxic contaminant that induces a range of adverse effects in humans. The present study demonstrated for the first time that dietary supplementation with a galactooligosaccharide (GOS) promotes fecal Pb excretion and reduces Pb accumulation in the blood and tissues of mice. The effects against Pb exposure were also observed in mice that received the fecal microbiota from donors treated with GOS, but were diminished in gut microbiota-depleted mice that received antibiotic pre-treatment, indicating that the protection by GOS administration was dependent on the modulation of the gut microbiota. We also provide evidence that the protective mechanism of GOS supplementation was related to the enhanced abundance of intestinal bacteria with good Pb-binding ability, recovery of the gut barrier function, modulation of bile acid metabolism, and improved essential metal utilization. These results indicate that GOS can be considered a potentially protective prebiotic against Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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15
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Castro-Hernández A, Cortez-Lemus NA. Thermo/pH Responsive Star and Linear Copolymers Containing a Cholic Acid-Derived Monomer, N-Isopropylacrylamide and Acrylic Acid: Synthesis and Solution Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1859. [PMID: 31717987 PMCID: PMC6918292 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work three CTAs trithiocarbonate-type were synthesized-bifunctional (with PEG), trifunctional (with glycerol), and tetrafunctional (PERT)-and used in the controlled polymerization of 2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl cholate (CAE) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The resulting macroCTAs containing a cholic acid-derived polymer were chain extended with N-isopropylacrylamide with or without acrylic acid. The thermosensitive and/or pH properties of these copolymers were studied in PBS solutions. The copolymers synthesized without poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) were unstable above the transition temperature. Similar behavior was observed for the copolymer solutions containing PAAc (2% in feed) at lower values of pH showing a faster precipitation above the LCST. On the contrary, copolymer solutions containing PAAc showed great stability at higher pH values for a longer time period at 37 °C. Interestingly, the Dh of the aggregates ranged from 18 to 30 nm in all copolymers (with or without PAAc) below the transition temperature, although the topology and the block sequence in the chain were significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norma Aidé Cortez-Lemus
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, A. P. 1166. Tijuana C.P. 22000, B. C., Mexico;
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16
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Anticholestatic mechanisms of ursodeoxycholic acid in lipopolysaccharide-induced cholestasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Peng XR, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Zhou XQ. Supplementation exogenous bile acid improved growth and intestinal immune function associated with NF-κB and TOR signalling pathways in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Enhancement the effect of protein-sparing by dietary lipid. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:552-569. [PMID: 31252043 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of bile acid (BA) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal immune function and the mRNA expression of the related signalling molecules in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (mean weight 179.85 ± 1.34 g) were fed a normal protein and lipid (NPNL) diet containing 29% crude protein (CP) and 5% ether extract (EE), and five low-protein and high-lipid (LPHL) diets (26% CP, 6% EE) with graded levels of BA (0-320 mg/kg diet) for 50 days. The fish were then challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. The results indicated that compared with the NPNL diet, the LPHL diet (unsupplemented BA) suppressed the growth performance, intestinal development and enteritis resistance capability and impaired the partial intestinal immune function of on-growing grass carp. Whereas in the LPHL diet, optimal BA supplementation significantly improved fish growth performance (percent weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed efficiency) and intestinal growth and function (intestine weight, intestine length and intestosomatic index), increased beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium amounts, decreased harmful bacteria Aeromonas and Escherichia coli amounts, elevated lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities, increased complement (C3 and C4) and immunoglobulin M contents, and upregulated β-defensin-1, hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2A (LEAP-2A), LEAP-2B, Mucin2, interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-11, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, IL-4/13A (not IL-4/13B), TOR, S6K1 and inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) mRNA levels. In addition, optimal BA supplementation in the LPHL diet downregulated tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon γ2 (IFN-γ2), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-17D, IL-12p35, IL-12p40 (rather than proximal intestine (PI) or mid intestine (MI), nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) (except NF-κB p52), c-Rel, IκB kinase β (IKKβ), IKKγ (except IKKα), eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BP)1 and 4E-BP2 mRNA levels in all three intestinal segments of on-growing grass carp (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that BA supplementation in the LPHL diet improves growth and intestinal immune function of fish. Furthermore, 240 mg/kg BA supplementation in the LPHL diet was superior to the NPNL diet in improving growth and enhancing intestinal immune function of fish. Finally, based on percent weight gain, feed intake, protecting fish against enteritis, lysozyme activity in MI and acid phosphatase activity in distal intestine (DI), the optimal BA supplementation for on-growing grass carp were estimated to be 168.98, 170.23, 166.67, 176.50 and 191.97 mg/kg diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Rong Peng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.
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18
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Suppression of a broad spectrum of liver autoimmune pathologies by single peptide-MHC-based nanomedicines. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2150. [PMID: 31089130 PMCID: PMC6517389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-major histocompatibility complex class II (pMHCII)-based nanomedicines displaying tissue-specific autoantigenic epitopes can blunt specific autoimmune conditions by re-programming cognate antigen-experienced CD4+ T-cells into disease-suppressing T-regulatory type 1 (TR1) cells. Here, we show that single pMHCII-based nanomedicines displaying epitopes from mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasmic antigens associated with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) or autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can broadly blunt PBC, AIH and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in various murine models in an organ- rather than disease-specific manner, without suppressing general or local immunity against infection or metastatic tumors. Therapeutic activity is associated with cognate TR1 cell formation and expansion, TR1 cell recruitment to the liver and draining lymph nodes, local B-regulatory cell formation and profound suppression of the pro-inflammatory capacity of liver and liver-proximal myeloid dendritic cells and Kupffer cells. Thus, autoreactivity against liver-enriched autoantigens in liver autoimmunity is not disease-specific and can be harnessed to treat various liver autoimmune diseases broadly. Immune response against tissue-specific antigens is a hallmark of autoimmunity. Here the authors show that a single autoantigen-based nanomedicine can ameliorate pathology in a broad range of liver autoimmunity models without impairing host defenses, suggesting organ-wide tolerization.
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Zhai Q, Liu Y, Wang C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Tian F, Lee YK, Chen W. Increased Cadmium Excretion Due to Oral Administration of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains by Regulating Enterohepatic Circulation in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3956-3965. [PMID: 30905157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is a contaminant widely distributed in the food chain. In the present study, 8-week oral administration of a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610, markedly decreased blood Cd levels in volunteers. Further animal study showed that three L. plantarum strains administered orally exhibited significantly different effects on the regulation of bile acid (BA) metabolism and Cd excretion in mice. Among the strains, L. plantarum CCFM8610 showed the most significant effects on enhancing hepatic BA synthesis, biliary glutathione output, and fecal BA excretion. Biliary Cd output and fecal Cd excretion were markedly increased after L. plantarum CCFM8610 administration, resulting in a marked reduction in tissue Cd levels. The regulation of BA homeostasis and Cd excretion was due to the suppression of the enterohepatic farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FXR-FGF15) axis by L. plantarum CCFM8610 and could be abolished by treatment with the FXR agonist GW4064. The regulatory effects were also related to the gut microbiota, as antibiotic pretreatment reversed L. plantarum CCFM8610-induced effects in BA and Cd metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Functional Food , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | | | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597 , Singapore
| | - Wei Chen
- National Engineering Research Centre for Functional Food , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , P. R. China
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20
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Meng LL, Qiu JW, Lin WX, Song YZ. [Clinical features and ABCC2 genotypic analysis of an infant with Dubin-Johnson syndrome]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019. [PMID: 30675866 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from biallelic mutations of ABCC2 gene, with long-term or intermittent conjugated hyperbilirubinemia being the main clinical manifestation. This paper aims to report the clinical features and ABCC2 genotypes of an infant with DJS. A 9.5-month-old male infant was referred to the hospital due to abnormal liver function discovered over 9 months. The major clinical presentation was prolonged jaundice since neonatal period. A series of biochemistry analysis revealed markedly elevated total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin and total bile acids. The patient had been managed in different hospitals, but the therapeutic effects were unsatisfactory due to undetermined etiology. Physical examination revealed jaundiced skin and sclera, and a palpable liver 3 cm below the right subcostal margin with medium texture. The spleen was not enlarged. Genetic analysis revealed a splice-site variant c.3988-2A>T and a nonsense variant c.3825C>G (p.Y1275X) in the ABCC2 gene of the infant, which were inherited from his mother and father respectively. The former had not been previously reported. Then ursodeoxycholic acid and phenobarbital were given orally. Half a month later, as a result, his jaundice disappeared and the biochemistry indices improved. However, the long-term outcome needs to be observed. Literature review revealed that neonates/infants with DJS presented with cholestatic jaundice soon after birth as the major clinical feature, and the ABCC2 variants exhibited marked heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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21
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Pan Y, Omori K, Ali I, Tachikawa M, Terasaki T, Brouwer KLR, Nicolazzo JA. Increased Expression of Renal Drug Transporters in a Mouse Model of Familial Alzheimer's Disease. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2484-2489. [PMID: 30825461 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the expression and function of drug transporters at the blood-brain barrier are altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, we recently demonstrated in a mouse model of AD that the expression of key drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes was modified in peripheral organs, such as the small intestine and liver, suggesting that systemic drug absorption may be altered in AD. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the expression of drug transporters in the kidneys differed between 8- to 9-month-old wild-type mice and APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice, a mouse model of familial AD, using a quantitative targeted absolute proteomics approach. The protein expression of the drug transporters-multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, organic anion transporter 3, and organic cation transporter 2-was upregulated 1.6-, 1.3-, and 1.4-fold, respectively, in kidneys from APP/PS1 mice relative to wild-type mice. These results suggest that in addition to modified oral absorption of certain drugs, it is possible that the renal excretion of drugs that are multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, organic anion transporter 3, and organic cation transporter 2 substrates could be altered in AD. These changes could affect the interpretation of studies conducted during drug development using this mouse model of AD and potentially impact dosage regimens of such drugs prescribed in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Pan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kotaro Omori
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Izna Ali
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 301 Pharmacy Lane, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 301 Pharmacy Lane, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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22
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Cabrera D, Arab JP, Arrese M. UDCA, NorUDCA, and TUDCA in Liver Diseases: A Review of Their Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 256:237-264. [PMID: 31236688 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are key molecules in generating bile flow, which is an essential function of the liver. In the last decades, there have been great advances in the understanding of BA physiology, and new insights have emerged regarding the role of BAs in determining cell damage and death in several liver diseases. This new knowledge has helped to better delineate the pathophysiology of cholestasis and the adaptive responses of hepatocytes to cholestatic liver injury as well as of the mechanisms of injury of biliary epithelia. In this context, therapeutic approaches for liver diseases using hydrophilic BA (i.e., ursodeoxycholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic, and, more recently, norursodeoxycholic acid), have been revamped. In the present review, we summarize current experimental and clinical data regarding these BAs and its role in the treatment of certain liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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23
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Zhai Q, Liu Y, Wang C, Qu D, Zhao J, Zhang H, Tian F, Chen W. Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8661 modulates bile acid enterohepatic circulation and increases lead excretion in mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:1455-1464. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics modulate bile acid enterohepatic circulation and increases lead excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Dingwu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
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24
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Protective Effects of Yinchenhao Decoction on Cholesterol Gallstone in Mice Fed a Lithogenic Diet by Regulating LXR, CYP7A1, CYP7B1, and HMGCR Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8134918. [PMID: 30310412 PMCID: PMC6166389 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8134918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The study attempted to elucidate whether lipid genes are closely associated with lipid metabolic abnormalities during the lithogenic time and how Yinchenhao Decoction (YCHD) works on the transcriptions of lipid genes against cholesterol gallstone model. C57BL/6J mice fed on lithogenic diet (LD) were used for model establishment and randomized into 5 groups. All groups received LD for different weeks with isometrically intragastric administration of YCHD or NS. Biochemical tests were measured and liver tissues were harvested for histological and genetic detection. It was found that all groups with increasing LD showed a following tendency of gallstone incidence, bile cholesterol, phospholipids, total bile acid, and cholesterol saturation index (CSI). Conversely, YCHD could significantly normalize the levels of gallstone incidence, bile lipids, and CSI (CSI<1). As lithogenic time progressed, ABCG5, ABCG8, PPAR-α, and ABCB4 were upregulated, and SREBP2, CYP7A1, and CYP7B1 were downregulated, while CYP7A1, CYP7B1, LXR, and HMGCR mRNA were increased 3-fold under the administration of YCHD. It was concluded that abnormal expressions of the mentioned genes may eventually progress to cholesterol gallstone. CYP7A1, CYP7B1, LXR, and HMGCR mRNA may be efficient targets of YCHD, which may be a preventive drug to reverse liver injury, normalize bile lipids, facilitate gallstone dissolution, and attenuate gallstone formation.
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25
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Paternal cholestasis exacerbates obesity-associated hypertension in male offspring but is prevented by paternal ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:319-330. [PMID: 29795465 PMCID: PMC6124644 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a heterogeneous phenotype and risk associations to non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are influenced by several factors. The paternal metabolic status at the time of conception influences offspring susceptibility to developing obesity and adiposity-associated cardiometabolic disease. Cholestatic liver diseases are characterized by raised circulating serum bile acid levels and dyslipidemia, and are commonly treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). We hypothesized that paternal cholestasis alters offspring susceptibility to developing obesity and adiposity-associated cardiometabolic disease and that this may be modified by paternal UDCA treatment. Methods: Cholestasis was induced in male C57BL/6 mice with a 0.5% cholic acid (CA)-supplemented diet for 10 weeks prior to mating with normal chow (NC)-fed females. Offspring of cholestatic and NC-fed fathers were fed either a NC diet or challenged with an obesogenic ‘western diet’ (WD) from 12 weeks of age. Offspring body weight and cardiometabolic function were assessed, and the impact of treatment of paternal cholestasis with UDCA was evaluated. Results: Male offspring (18 weeks old) of cholestatic fathers challenged with WD had raised fasting insulin, hepatic triglyceride content and serum cholesterol levels compared to diet-matched controls. At 25–29 weeks of age, WD-fed male offspring of cholestatic fathers had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than controls and this was prevented by paternal UDCA treatment. In contrast, WD-challenged female offspring of cholestatic fathers showed improved glucose tolerance compared to controls. Conclusions: We demonstrated in our model of paternal cholestasis that offspring susceptibility to adiposity-associated cardiometabolic disease is affected in a sex-specific manner and paternal UDCA treatment had a protective effect against hypertension in the obese male offspring. The most prevalent human cholestatic conditions are primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis. These findings are of clinical relevance to children of men with these conditions.
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26
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Li J, Dawson PA. Animal models to study bile acid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:895-911. [PMID: 29782919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of animal models, particularly genetically modified mice, continues to play a critical role in studying the relationship between bile acid metabolism and human liver disease. Over the past 20 years, these studies have been instrumental in elucidating the major pathways responsible for bile acid biosynthesis and enterohepatic cycling, and the molecular mechanisms regulating those pathways. This work also revealed bile acid differences between species, particularly in the composition, physicochemical properties, and signaling potential of the bile acid pool. These species differences may limit the ability to translate findings regarding bile acid-related disease processes from mice to humans. In this review, we focus primarily on mouse models and also briefly discuss dietary or surgical models commonly used to study the basic mechanisms underlying bile acid metabolism. Important phenotypic species differences in bile acid metabolism between mice and humans are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Paul A Dawson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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27
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Jirouskova M, Nepomucka K, Oyman-Eyrilmez G, Kalendova A, Havelkova H, Sarnova L, Chalupsky K, Schuster B, Benada O, Miksatkova P, Kuchar M, Fabian O, Sedlacek R, Wiche G, Gregor M. Plectin controls biliary tree architecture and stability in cholestasis. J Hepatol 2018; 68:1006-1017. [PMID: 29273475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Plectin, a highly versatile cytolinker protein, controls intermediate filament cytoarchitecture and cellular stress response. In the present study, we investigate the role of plectin in the liver under basal conditions and in experimental cholestasis. METHODS We generated liver-specific plectin knockout (PleΔalb) mice and analyzed them using two cholestatic liver injury models: bile duct ligation (BDL) and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) feeding. Primary hepatocytes and a cholangiocyte cell line were used to address the impact of plectin on keratin filament organization and stability in vitro. RESULTS Plectin deficiency in hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells led to aberrant keratin filament network organization, biliary tree malformations, and collapse of bile ducts and ductules. Further, plectin ablation significantly aggravated biliary damage upon cholestatic challenge. Coincidently, we observed a significant expansion of A6-positive progenitor cells in PleΔalb livers. After BDL, plectin-deficient bile ducts were prominently dilated with more frequent ruptures corresponding to an increased number of bile infarcts. In addition, more abundant keratin aggregates indicated less stable keratin filaments in PleΔalb hepatocytes. A transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed a compromised tight junction formation in plectin-deficient biliary epithelial cells. In addition, protein profiling showed increased expression of the adherens junction protein E-Cadherin, and inefficient upregulation of the desmosomal protein desmoplakin in response to BDL. In vitro analyses revealed a higher susceptibility of plectin-deficient keratin networks to stress-induced collapse, paralleled by elevated activation of p38 MAP kinase. CONCLUSION Our study shows that by maintaining proper keratin network cytoarchitecture and biliary epithelial stability, plectin plays a critical role in protecting the liver from stress elicited by cholestasis. LAY SUMMARY Plectin is a cytolinker protein capable of interconnecting all three cytoskeletal filament systems and linking them to plasma membrane-bound junctional complexes. In liver, the plectin-controlled cytoskeleton mechanically stabilizes epithelial cells and provides them with the capacity to adapt to increased bile pressure under cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Jirouskova
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Nepomucka
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gizem Oyman-Eyrilmez
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Kalendova
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Havelkova
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Sarnova
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Chalupsky
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bjoern Schuster
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Benada
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Miksatkova
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchar
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Fabian
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Charles University, Prague, and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Gregor
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Liu J, Hou LL, Zhao CY. Effect of YHHJ on the expression of the hepatocellular bile acid transporters multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and bile salt export pump in ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3699-3704. [PMID: 29563980 PMCID: PMC5858118 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbal medicine Yin Huang Mixture (YHHJ; patent no. 200910031240.7) is an aqueous extract composed from various herbs, including Artemisia capillaries Thunb, Hypericum japonicum Thunb, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, Rheum officinale Baill, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Poria cocos Wolf and Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. Previous studies have indicated that YHHJ treatment has a beneficial effect on ameliorating itching and reducing serum bile acid levels in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). However, the molecular mechanisms of action of YHHJ in ICP have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated an experimental hepatocellular cholestasis model to explore the regulatory role of YHHJ on the expression of the bile acid carriers, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and the bile salt export pump (BSEP). Initially, 5 mg/kg/day 17-α ethinylestradiol (EE) was used to induce cholestasis in rats and primary isolated rat hepatocytes. Subsequently, 9 or 36 g/kg/day YHHJ water extract was administrated. Blood samples were collected and serum biochemical parameters of total bile acids (TBA), total bilirubin (TBil), alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were determined. Rat livers and primary isolated rat hepatocytes were obtained and the protein and mRNA expression levels of MRP2 and BSEP were analyzed by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results revealed that EE-induced hepatocellular cholestasis was associated with a significant increase in serum TBA and TBil levels, whereas, YHHJ treatment significantly reversed this effect (P<0.01). Further experiments on the molecular mechanism revealed that EE significantly decreased the expression of MRP2 and BSEP compared with the control group, whereas YHHJ treatment significantly upregulated MRP2 and BSEP expression in vivo and in vitro compared with no YHHJ treatment (P<0.01). In addition, to establish whether upregulation of MRP2 and BSEP protein expression levels resulted from increased expression of their respective mRNA, the mRNA expression levels were determined. Results indicated that YHHJ treatment significantly increased MRP2 and BSEP mRNA expression levels in EE-induced hepatocellular cholestasis compared with no YHHJ treatment (P<0.01). In conclusion, the present findings suggest that YHHJ effects EE-induced cholestasis and this process may be mediated through regulating hepatobiliary transporters, MRP2 and BSEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Hou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Ying Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
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29
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Lemberger UJ, Fuchs CD, Karer M, Haas S, Stojakovic T, Schöfer C, Marschall HU, Wrba F, Taketo MM, Egger G, Trauner M, Österreicher CH. Hepatocyte specific expression of an oncogenic variant of β-catenin results in cholestatic liver disease. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86985-86998. [PMID: 27895309 PMCID: PMC5349966 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, wound healing and malignant transformation in different organs including the liver. The consequences of continuous β-catenin signaling in hepatocytes remain elusive. RESULTS Livers of Ctnnb1CA hep mice were characterized by disturbed liver architecture, proliferating cholangiocytes and biliary type of fibrosis. Serum ALT and bile acid levels were significantly increased in Ctnnb1CA hep mice. The primary bile acid synthesis enzyme Cyp7a1 was increased whereas Cyp27 and Cyp8b1 were reduced in Ctnnb1CA hep mice. Expression of compensatory bile acid transporters including Abcb1, Abcb4, Abcc2 and Abcc4 were significantly increased in Ctnnb1CA hep mice while Ntcp was reduced. Accompanying changes of bile acid transporters favoring excretion of bile acids were observed in intestine and kidneys of Ctnnb1CA hep mice. Additionally, disturbed bile acid regulation through the FXR-FGF15-FGFR4 pathway was observed in mice with activated β-catenin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice with a loxP-flanked exon 3 of the Ctnnb1 gene were crossed to Albumin-Cre mice to obtain mice with hepatocyte-specific expression of a dominant stable form of β-catenin (Ctnnb1CA hep mice). Ctnnb1CA hep mice were analyzed by histology, serum biochemistry and mRNA profiling. CONCLUSIONS Expression of a dominant stable form of β-catenin in hepatocytes results in severe cholestasis and biliary type fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula J Lemberger
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Hans Popper Laboratory for Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia D Fuchs
- Hans Popper Laboratory for Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Karer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Haas
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Schöfer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fritz Wrba
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Makoto M Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gerda Egger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory for Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Different effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on intrahepatic cholestasis in acute and recovery stages induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 342:69-78. [PMID: 29407775 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on the alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced acute and recovery stage of cholestasis model mice. In the acute stage of model mice, pretreatment with UDCA (25, 50, and 100 mg·kg-1, ig) for 12 days prior to ANIT administration (50 mg·kg-1, ig) resulted in the dramatic increase in serum biochemistry, with aggrevation of bile infarcts and hepatocyte necrosis. The elevation of beta-muricholic acid (β-MCA), cholic acid (CA), and taurocholic acid (TCA) in serum and liver, and reduction of these bile acids (BAs) in bile was observed. In contrast, in the recovery stage of model mice, treatment with UDCA (25, 50, and 100 mg·kg-1, ig) for 7 days after ANIT administration (50 mg·kg-1, ig) resulted in the significant decrease in levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bile acid (TBA). Liver injury was attenuated, and the levels of TBA, CA, TCA, and β-MCA in the liver were significantly decreased. Additionally, UDCA can upregulate expression of BSEP, but it cannot upregulate expression of AE2. UDCA, which induced BSEP to increase bile acid-dependent bile flow, aggravated cholestasis and liver injury when the bile duct was obstructed in the acute stage of injury in model mice. In contrast, UDCA alleviated cholestasis and liver injury induced by ANIT when the obstruction was improved in the recovery stage.
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Zhang W, Chen L, Feng H, Wang W, Cai Y, Qi F, Tao X, Liu J, Shen Y, Ren X, Chen X, Xu J, Shen Y. Rifampicin-induced injury in HepG2 cells is alleviated by TUDCA via increasing bile acid transporters expression and enhancing the Nrf2-mediated adaptive response. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:24-35. [PMID: 28688954 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid transporters and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf-2)-mediated adaptive response play important roles in the development of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, little is known about the contribution of the adaptive response to rifampicin (RFP)-induced cell injury. In this study, we found RFP decreased the survival rate of HepG2 cells and increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), γ-glutamyl-transferase (γ-GT), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), total bile acid (TBA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the cell culture supernatants in both a concentration- and a time-dependent manner. RFP increased the expression levels of bile acid transporter proteins and mRNAs, such as bile salt export pump (BSEP), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), Na+/taurocholate cotransporter (NTCP), organic anion transporting protein 2 (OATP2), organic solute transporter β (OSTβ) and Nrf2. Following the transient knockdown of Nrf2 and treatment with RFP, the expression levels of the BSEP, MDR1, MRP2, NTCP, OATP2 and OSTβ proteins and mRNAs were decreased to different degrees. Moreover, the cell survival was decreased, whereas the LDH level in the cell culture supernatant was increased. Overexpression of the Nrf2 gene produced the opposite effects. Treatment with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) increased the expression levels of the bile acid transporters and Nrf2, decreased the expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and inhibited RFP-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, TUDCA reduced cell apoptosis, increased cell survival and decreased the levels of LDH, ALT, AST, AKP, γ-GT, TBIL, DBIL, IBIL, TBA and ATP in the cell culture supernatant. Therefore, TUDCA alleviates RFP-induced injury in HepG2 cells by enhancing bile acid transporters expression and the Nrf2-mediated adaptive response.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/agonists
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/agonists
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/metabolism
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Adenosine Triphosphate
- Alanine Transaminase/genetics
- Alanine Transaminase/metabolism
- Alkaline Phosphatase/genetics
- Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism
- Antibiotics, Antitubercular/pharmacology
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/genetics
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism
- Bilirubin
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1/genetics
- Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1/metabolism
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/agonists
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/agonists
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rifampin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Rifampin/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Physiological
- Symporters/genetics
- Symporters/metabolism
- Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid/pharmacology
- gamma-Glutamyltransferase/genetics
- gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China; The First Affliated Hospital of AUTCM, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Tao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China.
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Liu L, Zhang L, Zhang L, Yang F, Zhu X, Lu Z, Yang Y, Lu H, Feng L, Wang Z, Chen H, Yan S, Wang L, Ju Z, Jin H, Zhu X. Hepatic Tmem30a Deficiency Causes Intrahepatic Cholestasis by Impairing Expression and Localization of Bile Salt Transporters. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2775-2787. [PMID: 28919113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in ATP8B1 or ATP11C (members of P4-type ATPases) cause progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 in human or intrahepatic cholestasis in mice. Transmembrane protein 30A (TMEM30A), a β-subunit, is essential for the function of ATP8B1 and ATP11C. However, its role in the etiology of cholestasis remains poorly understood. To investigate the function of TMEM30A in bile salt (BS) homeostasis, we developed Tmem30a liver-specific knockout (LKO) mice. Tmem30a LKO mice experienced hyperbilirubinemia, hypercholanemia, inflammatory infiltration, ductular proliferation, and liver fibrosis. The expression and membrane localization of ATP8B1 and ATP11C were significantly reduced in Tmem30a LKO mice, which correlated with the impaired expression and localization of BS transporters, such as OATP1A4, OATP1B2, NTCP, BSEP, and MRP2. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib partially restored total protein levels of BS transporters but not the localization of BS transporters in the membrane. Furthermore, the expression of nuclear receptors, including FXRα, RXRα, HNF4α, LRH-1, and SHP, was also down-regulated. A cholic acid-supplemented diet exacerbated the liver damage in Tmem30a LKO mice. TMEM30A deficiency led to intrahepatic cholestasis in mice by impairing the expression and localization of BS transporters and the expression of related nuclear receptors. Therefore, TMEM30A may be a novel genetic determinant of intrahepatic cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Aging Research, Leibniz Link Partner Group on Stem Cell Aging, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education and Medicine Information Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Institute of Aging Research, Leibniz Link Partner Group on Stem Cell Aging, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongjie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeming Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education and Medicine Information Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiqi Lu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Feng
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Aging Research, Leibniz Link Partner Group on Stem Cell Aging, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education and Medicine Information Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Fickert P, Wagner M. Biliary bile acids in hepatobiliary injury - What is the link? J Hepatol 2017; 67:619-631. [PMID: 28712691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The main trigger for liver injury in acquired cholestatic liver disease remains unclear. However, the accumulation of bile acids (BAs) undoubtedly plays a role. Recent progress in deciphering the pathomechanisms of inborn cholestatic liver diseases, decoding mechanisms of BA-induced cell death, and generating modern BA-derived drugs has improved the understanding of the regulation of BA synthesis and transport. Now is the appropriate time to reassess current knowledge about the specific role of BAs in hepatobiliary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fickert
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Graz, Austria.
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Graz, Austria
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Miura T, Tachikawa M, Ohtsuka H, Fukase K, Nakayama S, Sakata N, Motoi F, Naitoh T, Katayose Y, Uchida Y, Ohtsuki S, Terasaki T, Unno M. Application of Quantitative Targeted Absolute Proteomics to Profile Protein Expression Changes of Hepatic Transporters and Metabolizing Enzymes During Cholic Acid-Promoted Liver Regeneration. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2499-2508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Evaluation of transcriptomic signature as a valuable tool to study drug-induced cholestasis in primary human hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:2879-2893. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Pan X, Kent R, Won KJ, Jeong H. Cholic Acid Feeding Leads to Increased CYP2D6 Expression in CYP2D6-Humanized Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:346-352. [PMID: 28153841 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.074013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is a major drug-metabolizing enzyme, but the factors governing transcriptional regulation of its expression remain poorly understood. Based on previous reports of small heterodimer partner (SHP) playing an important role as a transcriptional repressor of CYP2D6 expression, here we investigated how a known upstream regulator of SHP expression, namely cholestasis triggered by cholic acid (CA) feeding in mice, can lead to altered CYP2D6 expression. To this end, CYP2D6-humanized (Tg-CYP2D6) mice were fed with a CA-supplemented or control diet for 14 days, and hepatic expression of multiple genes was examined. Unexpectedly, CA feeding led to insignificant changes in SHP mRNA but also to significant (2.8-fold) decreases in SHP protein levels. In silico analysis of the SHP gene regulatory region revealed a putative binding site for a microRNA, miR-142-3p. Results from luciferase reporter assays suggest that miR-142-3p targets the SHP gene. Hepatic expression of miR-142-3p was significantly increased in CA-fed mice (∼5-fold), suggesting a potential role of miR-142-3p in the regulation of SHP expression in cholestasis. The decreased SHP protein levels were accompanied by increased expression and activity of CYP2D6 in the liver of CA-fed mice. These results suggest potential roles of differential hepatic levels of bile acids in the transcriptional regulation of CYP2D6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Pan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice (K.-J.W., H.J.) and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (X.P., R.K., H.J.), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rebecca Kent
- Department of Pharmacy Practice (K.-J.W., H.J.) and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (X.P., R.K., H.J.), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Department of Pharmacy Practice (K.-J.W., H.J.) and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (X.P., R.K., H.J.), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hyunyoung Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice (K.-J.W., H.J.) and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences (X.P., R.K., H.J.), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Zeigerer A, Wuttke A, Marsico G, Seifert S, Kalaidzidis Y, Zerial M. Functional properties of hepatocytes in vitro are correlated with cell polarity maintenance. Exp Cell Res 2017; 350:242-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hatano R, Kawaguchi K, Togashi F, Sugata M, Masuda S, Asano S. Ursodeoxycholic Acid Ameliorates Intrahepatic Cholestasis Independent of Biliary Bicarbonate Secretion in Vil2kd/kd Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:34-42. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hatano
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Kotoku Kawaguchi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Fumitaka Togashi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Masato Sugata
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Shizuka Masuda
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Shinji Asano
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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40
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Li X, Yuan Z, Liu R, Hassan HM, Yang H, Sun R, Zhang L, Jiang Z. UDCA and CDCA alleviate 17α-ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis through PKA-AMPK pathways in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 311:12-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Varma S, Revencu N, Stephenne X, Scheers I, Smets F, Beleza-Meireles A, Reding R, Roskams T, Sokal EM. Retargeting of bile salt export pump and favorable outcome in children with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2. Hepatology 2015; 62:198-206. [PMID: 25847299 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated predictors of clinical evolution in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 patients and how they relate to bile salt export pump (BSEP) expression and its (re)targeting. Our retrospective study included 22 children with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2. Clinical, biochemical, and histological characteristics were reviewed on admittance and following treatment with either ursodeoxycholic acid alone (10 mg/kg thrice daily, n = 19) or partial biliary diversion (n = 3). Immunostaining of BSEP was performed in 20 patients. Response to treatment was defined as normalization of pruritus, disappearance of jaundice, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels <1.5 times the upper limit of normal. Ten of 22 patients were responders, and paired biopsies were available in six. De novo or retargeted canalicular expression of BSEP occurred in four of these six, two of whom exhibited baseline intracellular expression. Twelve of 22 were nonresponders and exhibited earlier onset of jaundice (<9 months), neonatal cholestasis, and higher ALT levels. An ALT >165 IU/L produced 72% sensitivity and 55% specificity in predicting nonresponse. Seven patients were still responding at last follow-up (median = 20 months, range 5-67 months). Three responders relapsed after 56, 72, and 82 months, respectively. Of nine surviving responders, median relapse-free survival time was 72 months (95% confidence interval 48-96 months) and 5-year relapse-free survival was 75% (95% confidence interval 33-100%). Intracellular BSEP at baseline was seen in six, of whom five were responders. Genetic analysis was performed in 17 of 22, confirming diagnosis in 13 (76%) and in four (24%) in whom only heterozygous mutation was identified. CONCLUSION De novo or retargeted canalicular expression of BSEP occurs in treatment responders; children with late-onset presentation, lower ALT, and intracellular BSEP expression are likely to respond, at least transiently, to nontransplant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharat Varma
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie Pédiatrique
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raymond Reding
- Unités de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Katholiek Universiteit Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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Guetg A, Mariotta L, Bock L, Herzog B, Fingerhut R, Camargo SMR, Verrey F. Essential amino acid transporter Lat4 (Slc43a2) is required for mouse development. J Physiol 2015; 593:1273-89. [PMID: 25480797 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.283960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) uniporter Lat4 (Slc43a2) mediates facilitated diffusion of branched-chain AAs, methionine and phenylalanine, although its physiological role and subcellular localization are not known. We report that Slc43a2 knockout mice were born at expected Mendelian frequency but displayed an ∼10% intrauterine growth retardation and low amniotic fluid AAs, suggesting defective transplacental transport. Postnatal growth was strongly reduced, with premature death occurring within 9 days such that further investigations were made within 3 days of birth. Lat4 immunofluorescence showed a strong basolateral signal in the small intestine, kidney proximal tubule and thick ascending limb epithelial cells of wild-type but not Slc43a2 null littermates and no signal in liver and skeletal muscle. Experiments using Xenopus laevis oocytes demonstrated that Lat4 functioned as a symmetrical low affinity uniporter with a K₀.₅ of ∼5 mm for both in- and efflux. Plasma AA concentration was decreased in Slc43a2 null pups, in particular that of non-essential AAs alanine, serine, histidine and proline. Together with an increased level of plasma long chain acylcarnitines and a strong alteration of liver gene expression, this indicates malnutrition. Attempts to rescue pups by decreasing the litter size or by nutrients injected i.p. did not succeed. Radioactively labelled leucine but not lysine given per os accumulated in the small intestine of Slc43a2null pups, suggesting the defective transcellular transport of Lat4 substrates. In summary, Lat4 is a symmetrical uniporter for neutral essential AAs localizing at the basolateral side of (re)absorbing epithelia and is necessary for early nutrition and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Guetg
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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43
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Song P, Rockwell CE, Cui JY, Klaassen CD. Individual bile acids have differential effects on bile acid signaling in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 283:57-64. [PMID: 25582706 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are known to regulate BA synthesis and transport by the farnesoid X receptor in the liver (FXR-SHP) and intestine (FXR-Fgf15). However, the relative importance of individual BAs in regulating these processes is not known. Therefore, mice were fed various doses of five individual BAs, including cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxoycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in their diets at various concentrations for one week to increase the concentration of one BA in the enterohepatic circulation. The mRNA of BA synthesis and transporting genes in liver and ileum were quantified. In the liver, the mRNA of SHP, which is the prototypical target gene of FXR, increased in mice fed all concentrations of BAs. In the ileum, the mRNA of the intestinal FXR target gene Fgf15 was increased at lower doses and to a higher extent by CA and DCA than by CDCA and LCA. Cyp7a1, the rate-limiting enzyme in BA synthesis, was decreased more by CA and DCA than CDCA and LCA. Cyp8b1, the enzyme that 12-hydroxylates BAs and is thus responsible for the synthesis of CA, was decreased much more by CA and DCA than CDCA and LCA. Surprisingly, neither a decrease in the conjugated BA uptake transporter (Ntcp) nor increase in BA efflux transporter (Bsep) was observed by FXR activation, but an increase in the cholesterol efflux transporter (Abcg5/Abcg8) was observed with FXR activation. Thus in conclusion, CA and DCA are more potent FXR activators than CDCA and LCA when fed to mice, and thus they are more effective in decreasing the expression of the rate limiting gene in BA synthesis Cyp7a1 and the 12-hydroxylation of BAs Cyp8b1, and are also more effective in increasing the expression of Abcg5/Abcg8, which is responsible for biliary cholesterol excretion. However, feeding BAs do not alter the mRNA or protein levels of Ntcp or Bsep, suggesting that the uptake or efflux of BAs is not regulated by FXR at physiological and pharmacological concentrations of BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Cheryl E Rockwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Zhou F, Zhang L, He MM, Liu ZF, Gao BX, Wang XD. Corticotropin-releasing hormone expression in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy after ursodeoxycholic acid treatment: an initial experience. Curr Med Res Opin 2014; 30:1529-35. [PMID: 24665980 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2014.907560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is one of the most potent vasodilatory factors in the human feto-placental circulation. The expression of CRH was significantly down-regulated in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). METHODS One hundred pregnant women diagnosed with ICP at 34-34(+6) weeks of gestation agreed to participate in this prospective nested case-control study. Thirty ICP patients were finally recruited in this study, with 16 cases in the ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) group (UDCA 750 mg/d) and 14 cases in the control group (Transmetil 1000 mg/d or Essentiale 1368 mg/d). Maternal serum samples were obtained in diagnosis and at 37-37(+6) weeks of gestation. Placental tissues were obtained from participants after delivery. ELISA, enzymatic colorimetric and Western blotting were used to evaluate the concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bile acid (TBA) and CRH in maternal serum and expression of CRH in placenta tissues. RESULTS The UDCA group had greater reduction in maternal serum ALT, AST and TBA levels in ICP patients (all p < 0.01). Maternal serum CRH concentrations in the UDCA group after treatment (122.10 ± 44.20) pg/ml was significantly higher than pretreatment (95.45 ± 26.47) pg/ml (p < 0.01). After treatment, maternal serum CRH concentrations of the UDCA group (122.10 ± 44.20) pg/ml was significantly higher than in the control group (80.71 ± 41.10) pg/ml (p < 0.01). Placental CRH expression in the UDCA group (2.79 ± 1.72) was significantly higher than in the control group (0.69 ± 0.36) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Maternal serum and placental CRH expression in ICP patients were up-regulated after treatment of UDCA. The up-regulation of CRH expression after UDCA treatment may play an important role in the therapeutic mechanism of ICP. All patients recruited in this study had severe cholestasis (TBA ≥ 40 µmol/L). Further studies are warranted in different gestational weeks and TBA levels to provide more evidence for the correlation between UDCA treatment and CRH expression in ICP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education , Chengdu, Sichuan , China
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Beneficial effect of Calculus Bovis Sativus on 17α-ethynylestradiol-induced cholestasis in the rat. Life Sci 2014; 113:22-30. [PMID: 25072355 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) shares similar pharmacological effects with Calculus Bovis like relieving hepatobiliary diseases. This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of CBS on 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE)-induced cholestasis in the rat. MAIN METHODS CBS (50 and 150 mg/kg per day) was intragastrically (i. g.) given to experimental rats for 5 consecutive days in coadministration with EE. The levels of serum biomarkers, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined by biochemical methods. The bile flow in 2h was measured. The histopathology of the liver tissue was evaluated. The expression of transporter was studied by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. KEY FINDINGS CBS treatment significantly prevented EE-induced increases in serum levels of biomarkers. Decreased bile flow by EE was restored with CBS treatment. The tissue lesions were also relieved with CBS treatment. Western blot studies indicated that EE significantly decreased the protein expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp), but notably increased P-glycoprotein (P-gp) protein, compared with the control group. CBS treatment significantly increased the protein expression of P-gp, Mrp2 and Bcrp compared with the EE group. RT-qPCR studies indicated that EE down-regulated Bcrp at transcriptional level. CBS up-regulated the mRNA expression of P-gp, Mrp2 and Bcrp compared with the EE group. SIGNIFICANCE The present study indicated that CBS exerted a beneficial effect on EE-induced cholestasis in the rat, which may result from its induction of P-gp, Mrp2 and Bcrp expression.
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Baghdasaryan A, Chiba P, Trauner M. Clinical application of transcriptional activators of bile salt transporters. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 37:57-76. [PMID: 24333169 PMCID: PMC4045202 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary bile salt (BS) transporters are critical determinants of BS homeostasis controlling intracellular concentrations of BSs and their enterohepatic circulation. Genetic or acquired dysfunction of specific transport systems causes intrahepatic and systemic retention of potentially cytotoxic BSs, which, in high concentrations, may disturb integrity of cell membranes and subcellular organelles resulting in cell death, inflammation and fibrosis. Transcriptional regulation of canalicular BS efflux through bile salt export pump (BSEP), basolateral elimination through organic solute transporters alpha and beta (OSTα/OSTβ) as well as inhibition of hepatocellular BS uptake through basolateral Na(+)-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) represent critical steps in protection from hepatocellular BS overload and can be targeted therapeutically. In this article, we review the potential clinical implications of the major BS transporters BSEP, OSTα/OSTβ and NTCP in the pathogenesis of hereditary and acquired cholestatic syndromes, provide an overview on transcriptional control of these transporters by the key regulatory nuclear receptors and discuss the potential therapeutic role of novel transcriptional activators of BS transporters in cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baghdasaryan
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Chiba
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Kagawa T, Orii R, Hirose S, Arase Y, Shiraishi K, Mizutani A, Tsukamoto H, Mine T. Ursodeoxycholic acid stabilizes the bile salt export pump in the apical membrane in MDCK II cells. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:890-9. [PMID: 23722250 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) partly exerts choleretic effects by modifying the function of the bile salt export pump (Bsep, ABCB11). UDCA induces insertion of Bsep into the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes; however, underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We aimed to elucidate molecular mechanisms behind UDCA-induced Bsep activation. METHODS We established MDCK II cells stably expressing both Bsep and Na(+)-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, and investigated the effect of UDCA on activity and protein expression of Bsep using these cells. We performed inhibitor study to know the molecules involved in UDCA-induced Bsep activation, and also tested the influence of UDCA on Bsep having a disease-associated mutation. RESULTS UDCA activated Bsep in a dose-dependent manner. UDCA did not affect Bsep protein expression in whole cell lysates but increased its apical surface expression by extending the half-life from 2.4 to 5.0 h. This effect was specific to Bsep because UDCA did not affect other apical and basolateral proteins, and was independent of protein kinase A, adenylate cyclase, p38(MAPK), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase, Ca(2+), and microtubules. NorUDCA activated Bsep similar to UDCA; however, cholic acid, taurocholic acid, and tauroUDCA had no effect. UDCA significantly increased the activity of Bsep with a benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis 2 mutation (A570T) but did not affect Bsep with a progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis 2 mutation (G982R or D482G). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that UDCA stabilizes Bsep protein in the apical membrane and increases its activity in MDCK II cells, presumably by retarding the endocytotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatehiro Kagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Shimokasuya 143, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan,
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Cuperus FJC, Claudel T, Gautherot J, Halilbasic E, Trauner M. The role of canalicular ABC transporters in cholestasis. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:546-60. [PMID: 24474736 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.056358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis, a hallmark feature of hepatobiliary disease, is characterized by the retention of biliary constituents. Some of these constituents, such as bile acids, inflict damage to hepatocytes and bile duct cells. This damage may lead to inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually carcinogenesis, sequelae that aggravate the underlying disease and deteriorate clinical outcome. Canalicular ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which mediate the excretion of individual bile constituents, play a key role in bile formation and cholestasis. The study of these transporters and their regulatory nuclear receptors has revolutionized our understanding of cholestatic disease. This knowledge has served as a template to develop novel treatment strategies, some of which are currently already undergoing phase III clinical trials. In this review we aim to provide an overview of the structure, function, and regulation of canalicular ABC transporters. In addition, we will focus on the role of these transporters in the pathogenesis and treatment of cholestatic bile duct and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans J C Cuperus
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Chen HL, Chen HL, Yuan RH, Wu SH, Chen YH, Chien CS, Chou SP, Wang R, Ling V, Chang MH. Hepatocyte transplantation in bile salt export pump-deficient mice: selective growth advantage of donor hepatocytes under bile acid stress. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2679-89. [PMID: 22564513 PMCID: PMC4118236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bile salt export pump (Bsep) mediates the hepatic excretion of bile acids, and its deficiency causes progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. The current study aimed to induce bile acid stress in Bsep−/− mice and to test the efficacy of hepatocyte transplantation in this disease model. We fed Bsep−/− and wild-type mice cholic acid (CA) or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Both CA and UDCA caused cholestasis and apoptosis in the Bsep−/− mouse liver. Wild-type mice had minimal liver injury and apoptosis when fed CA or UDCA, yet had increased proliferative activity. On the basis of the differential cytotoxicity of bile acids on the livers of wild-type and Bsep−/− mice, we transplanted wild-type hepatocytes into the liver of Bsep−/− mice fed CA or CA + UDCA. After 1–6 weeks, the donor cell repopulation and canalicular Bsep distribution were documented. An improved repopulation efficiency in the CA + UDCA-supplemented group was found at 2 weeks (4.76 ± 5.93% vs. 1.32 ± 1.48%, P = 0.0026) and at 4–6 weeks (12.09 ± 14.67% vs. 1.55 ± 1.28%, P < 0.001) compared with the CA-supplemented group. Normal-appearing hepatocytes with prominent nuclear staining for FXR were noted in the repopulated donor nodules. After hepatocyte transplantation, biliary total bile acids increased from 24% to 82% of the wild-type levels, among which trihydroxylated bile acids increased from 41% to 79% in the Bsep−/− mice. We conclude that bile acid stress triggers differential injury responses in the Bsep−/− and wild-type hepatocytes. This strategy changed the balance of the donor–recipient growth capacities and was critical for successful donor repopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Ling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fickert P, Krones E, Pollheimer MJ, Thueringer A, Moustafa T, Silbert D, Halilbasic E, Yang M, Jaeschke H, Stokman G, Wells RG, Eller K, Rosenkranz AR, Eggertsen G, Wagner CA, Langner C, Denk H, Trauner M. Bile acids trigger cholemic nephropathy in common bile-duct-ligated mice. Hepatology 2013; 58:2056-69. [PMID: 23813550 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tubular epithelial injury represents an underestimated but important cause of renal dysfunction in patients with cholestasis and advanced liver disease, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. To address the hypothesis that accumulation and excessive alternative urinary elimination of potentially toxic bile acids (BAs) may contribute to kidney injury in cholestasis, we established a mouse model for detailed in vivo time course as well as treatment studies. Three-day common bile duct ligation (CBDL) induced renal tubular epithelial injury predominantly at the level of aquaporin 2-positive collecting ducts with tubular epithelial and basement membrane defects. This was followed by progressive interstitial nephritis and tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis in 3-, 6-, and 8-week CBDL mice. Farnesoid X receptor knockout mice (with a hydrophilic BA pool) were completely protected from CBDL-induced renal fibrosis. Prefeeding of hydrophilic norursodeoxycholic acid inhibited renal tubular epithelial injury in CBDL mice. In addition, we provide evidence for renal tubular injury in cholestatic patients with cholemic nephropathy. CONCLUSION We characterized a novel in vivo model for cholemic nephropathy, which offers new perspectives to study the complex pathophysiology of this condition. Our findings suggest that urinary-excreted toxic BAs represent a pivotal trigger for renal tubular epithelial injury leading to cholemic nephropathy in CBDL mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fickert
- Research Unit for Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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