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Luo Y, Chen Y, Gu Z, Ni R, Feng P, Hu Z, Song L, Shen X, Gu C, Li J, Du T, Yang L, Zhang H, Zhu Y. Engineered muscle from micro-channeled PEG scaffold with magnetic Fe 3O 4 fixation towards accelerating esophageal muscle repair. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100853. [PMID: 38024845 PMCID: PMC10663962 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered scaffolds are used for repairing damaged esophagus to allow the precise alignment and movement of smooth muscle for peristalsis. However, most of these scaffolds focus solely on inducing cell alignment through directional apparatus, often overlooking the promotion of muscle tissue formation and causing reduced esophageal muscle repair effectiveness. To address this issue, we first introduced aligned nano-ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) assemblies on a micropatterned poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel to form micro-/nano-stripes. Further modification using a gold coating was found to enhance cellular adhesion, orientation and organization within these micro-/nano-stripes, which consequently prevented excessive adhesion of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to the thin PEG ridges, thereby effectively confining the cells to the Fe3O4-laid channels. This architectural design promotes the alignment of the cytoskeleton and elongation of actin filaments, leading to the organized formation of muscle bundles and a tendency for SMCs to adopt synthetic phenotypes. Muscle patches are harvested from the micro-/nano-stripes and transplanted into a rat esophageal defect model. In vivo experiments demonstrate the exceptional viability of these muscle patches and their ability to accelerate the regeneration of esophageal tissue. Overall, this study presents an efficient strategy for constructing muscle patches with directional alignment and muscle bundle formation of SMCs, holding significant promise for muscle tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yichen Chen
- Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, 315031, China
| | - Zhaofeng Gu
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, Advanced Technology Research Institute, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Renhao Ni
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Peipei Feng
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Zeming Hu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lei Song
- Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, 315031, China
| | - Xiang Shen
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, Advanced Technology Research Institute, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chenjie Gu
- Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, Advanced Technology Research Institute, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiajie Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Tianyu Du
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lu Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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2
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Li Y, Xie HQ, Guo TL, Liu Y, Zhang W, Ma H, Ma D, Xu L, Yu S, Chen G, Ji J, Jiang S, Zhao B. Subacute exposure to dechlorane 602 dysregulates gene expression and immunity in the gut of mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114462. [PMID: 38321681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602) has biomagnification potential. Our previous studies suggested that exposure to Dec 602 for 7 days induced colonic inflammation even after 7 days of recovery. To shed some light on the underlying mechanisms, disturbances of gut immunity and gene expression were further studied. Adult C57BL/6 mice were administered orally with Dec 602 for 7 days, then allowed to recover for another 7 days. Colonic type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) and lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were examined by flow cytometry. Expressions of genes in the gut were determined by RNA-Seq. It was found that Dec 602 exposure up-regulated the percentage of CD4+ T cells in MLNs. The mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of interleukin (IL)- 22 in LPLs was decreased, while the MFI of IL-17a as well as the percentage of IL-17a+ ILC3s in LPLs were increased after exposure to Dec 602. Genes involved in the formation of blood vessels and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were up-regulated by Dec 602. Ingenuity pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes predicted that exposure to Dec 602 resulted in the activation of liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) and suppression of muscle contractility. Our results, on one hand, verified that the toxic effects of Dec 602 on gut immunity could last for at least 14 days, and on the other hand, these results predicted other adverse effects of Dec 602, such as muscle dysfunction. Overall, our studies provided insights for the further investigation of Dec 602 and other emerging environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Li
- School of environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yin Liu
- School of environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Wanglong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Dan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuyuan Yu
- Environment and Health Department, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Guomin Chen
- Environment and Health Department, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiajia Ji
- Environment and Health Department, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Environment and Health Department, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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3
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Pien N, Palladino S, Copes F, Candiani G, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S, Mantovani D. Tubular bioartificial organs: From physiological requirements to fabrication processes and resulting properties. A critical review. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:420-446. [PMID: 34433163 DOI: 10.1159/000519207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Pien
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Palladino
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- GenT Lab, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Copes
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- GenT Lab, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
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4
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Aydin A, Cebi G, Demirtas ZE, Erkus H, Kucukay A, Ok M, Sakalli L, Alpdagtas S, Gunduz O, Ustundag CB. Combating COVID-19 with tissue engineering: a review. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:329-349. [PMID: 33235976 PMCID: PMC7677604 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-020-00138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic triggered by SARS-CoV-2 emerged from Wuhan, China, firstly in December 2019, as well spread to almost all around the world rapidly. The main reason why this disease spreads so many people in a short time is that the virus could be transmitted from an infected person to another by infected droplets. The new emergence of diseases usually may affect multiple organs; moreover, this disease is such an example. Numerous reported studies focus on acute or chronic organ damage caused by the virus. At this point, tissue engineering (TE) strategies can be used to treat the damages with its interdisciplinary approaches. Tissue engineers could design drug delivery systems, scaffolds, and especially biomaterials for the damaged tissue and organs. In this review, brief information about SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, and epidemiology of the disease will be given at first. After that, the symptoms, the tissue damages in specific organs, and cytokine effect caused by COVID-19 will be described in detail. Finally, it will be attempted to summarize and suggest the appropriate treatments with suitable biomaterials for the damages via TE approaches. The aim of this review is to serve as a summary of currently available tissue damage treatments after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Aydin
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Cebi
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ezgi Demirtas
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Erkus
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aleyna Kucukay
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Ok
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Latife Sakalli
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saadet Alpdagtas
- Department of Biology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Van, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Bulent Ustundag
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
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5
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Alix M, Gasset E, Bardon-Albaret A, Noel J, Pirot N, Perez V, Coves D, Saulnier D, Lignot JH, Cucchi PN. Description of the unusual digestive tract of Platax orbicularis and the potential impact of Tenacibaculum maritimum infection. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9966. [PMID: 33024633 PMCID: PMC7520087 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ephippidae fish are characterized by a discoid shape with a very small visceral cavity. Among them Platax orbicularis has a high economic potential due to its flesh quality and flesh to carcass ratio. Nonetheless, the development of its aquaculture is limited by high mortality rates, especially due to Tenacibaculum maritimum infection, occurring one to three weeks after the transfer of fishes from bio-secure land-based aquaculture system to the lagoon cages for growth. Among the lines of defense against this microbial infection, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is less studied. The knowledge about the morphofunctional anatomy of this organ in P. orbicularis is still scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study are to characterize the GIT in non-infected P. orbicularis juveniles to then investigate the impact of T. maritimum on this multifunctional organ. Methods In the first place, the morpho-anatomy of the GIT in non-infected individuals was characterized using various histological techniques. Then, infected individuals, experimentally challenged by T. maritimum were analysed and compared to the previously established GIT reference. Results The overlapped shape of the GIT of P. orbicularis is probably due to its constrained compaction in a narrow visceral cavity. Firstly, the GIT was divided into 10 sections, from the esophagus to the rectum. For each section, the structure of the walls was characterized, with a focus on mucus secretions and the presence of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump. An identification key allowing the characterization of the GIT sections using in toto histology is given. Secondly, individuals challenged with T. maritimum exhibited differences in mucus type and proportion and, modifications in the mucosal and muscle layers. These changes could induce an imbalance in the trade-off between the GIT functions which may be in favour of protection and immunity to the disadvantage of nutrition capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Alix
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France.,Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eric Gasset
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Agnes Bardon-Albaret
- Ifremer, UMR Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, UPF, ILM, IRD, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Jean Noel
- BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,IRCM, Université de Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nelly Pirot
- BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,IRCM, Université de Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Perez
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Coves
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Saulnier
- Ifremer, UMR Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, UPF, ILM, IRD, Tahiti, French Polynesia
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6
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Huang J, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Ren Y, Xu Z, Li Z, Zhao Y, Wu X, Ren J. Marine-inspired molecular mimicry generates a drug-free, but immunogenic hydrogel adhesive protecting surgical anastomosis. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:770-782. [PMID: 33024898 PMCID: PMC7527377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a biomimic hydrogel adhesive that addresses the poor healing of surgical anastomosis. Dopamine-conjugated xanthan gum (Da-g-Xan) is fabricated using deep insights into the molecular similarity between mussels' adhesive and dopamine as well as the structural similarity between barnacle cement proteins and xanthan gum. The hydrogel mimics marine animals’ adherence to wet tissue surfaces. Upon applying this adhesive to colonic anastomosis in a rat model, protective effects were shown by significantly improving the bursting pressure. Mechanistically, the architecture of Da-g-Xan hydrogel is maintained by dynamic intermolecular hydrogen bonds that allow the quick release of Da-g-Xan. The free Da-g-Xan can regulate the inflammatory status and induce type 2 macrophage polarization (M2) by specifically interacting with mannose receptors (CD206) revealed by RNA-sequencing and molecular binding assays. Consequently, an appropriate microenvironment for tissue healing is created by the secretion of chemokines and growth factors from M2 macrophages, strengthening the fibroblast migration and proliferation, collagen synthesis and epithelial vascularization. Overall, this study demonstrates an unprecedented strategy for generating an adhesive by synergistic mimicry inspired by two marine animals, and the results show that the Da-g-Xan adhesive augments native tissue regenerative responses, thus enabling enhanced recovery following surgical anastomosis. Dual-biomimic conjugates, Da-g-Xan, are synthesized. Da-g-Xan adhesive hydrogels are degradable, self-healing, and injectable. Released Da-g-Xan induces type 2 macrophage polarizations by specifically interacting with mannose receptors. Paracrine action by the type 2 macrophage polarizations promotes the surgical anastomosis healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Huang
- PLA Key Laboratory of Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yungang Jiang
- PLA Key Laboratory of Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ye Liu
- PLA Key Laboratory of Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanhan Ren
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Ziyan Xu
- PLA Key Laboratory of Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zongan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, NARI School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- PLA Key Laboratory of Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- PLA Key Laboratory of Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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7
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Chen Y, Guo C, Manousiouthakis E, Wang X, Cairns DM, Roh TT, Du C, Kaplan DL. Bi-layered Tubular Microfiber Scaffolds as Functional Templates for Engineering Human Intestinal Smooth Muscle Tissue. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2000543. [PMID: 33692658 PMCID: PMC7938961 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Designing biomimetic scaffolds with in vivo-like microenvironments using biomaterials is an essential component of successful tissue engineering approaches. The intestinal smooth muscle layers exhibit a complex tubular structure consisting of two concentric muscle layers in which the inner circular layer is orthogonally oriented to the outer longitudinal layer. Here, we present a three-dimensional (3D) bi-layered tubular scaffold based on flexible, mechanically robust and well aligned silk protein microfibers to mimic native human intestinal smooth muscle structure. The scaffolds were seeded with primary human intestinal smooth muscle cells to replicate human intestinal muscle tissues in vitro. Characterization of the tissue constructs revealed good biocompatibility and support for cell alignment and elongation in the different scaffold layers to enhance cell differentiation and functions. Furthermore, the engineered smooth muscle constructs supported oriented neurite outgrowth, a requisite step to achieve functional innervation. These results suggested these microfiber scaffolds as functional templates for in vitro regeneration of human intestinal smooth muscle systems. The scaffolding provides a crucial step toward engineering functional human intestinal tissue in vitro, as well as for the engineering of many other types of smooth muscles in terms of their similar phenotypes. Such utility may lead to a better understanding of smooth muscle associated diseases and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleana Manousiouthakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St.
Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St.
Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Dana M. Cairns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St.
Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Terrence T. Roh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St.
Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Chuang Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St.
Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St.
Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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8
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Huang J, Jiang Y, Ren Y, Liu Y, Wu X, Li Z, Ren J. Biomaterials and biosensors in intestinal organoid culture, a progress review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1501-1508. [PMID: 32170907 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As an emerging technology, intestinal organoids are promising new tools for basic and translational research in gastroenterology. Currently, culture of intestinal organoids relies mostly on a type of tumor-derived scaffolds, namely Matrigel, which may pose tumorigenic risks to organoid implantation. Apart from the traditional detection methods, such as tissue slicing and fluorescence staining, the monitoring of intestinal organoids requires real-time biosensors that can adapt to their three-dimensional dynamic growth patterns. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in developing definite hydrogel scaffolds for intestinal organoid culture and identified key parameters for scaffold design. In addition, classified by different substrate compositions like pH, electrolytes, and functional proteins, we concluded the existing live-imaging biosensors and elucidated their underlying mechanisms. We hope this review enhances the understanding of intestinal organoid culture and provides more practical approaches to investigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Huang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yungang Jiang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhan Ren
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Laboratory for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, NARI School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
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9
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Salomatina EV, Lednev IR, Silina NE, Gracheva EA, Koryagin AS, Smirnova ON, Gorshenin MK, Smirnova LA. Biocompatible compositions based on chitosan and copolymer (lactide–titanium oxide) for engineering of tissue substitutes for wound healing. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-03007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Blockade of STAT3 Causes Severe In Vitro and In Vivo Maturation Defects in Intestinal Organoids Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070976. [PMID: 31277507 PMCID: PMC6678857 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal organoids (hIOs), which resemble the human intestine structurally and physiologically, have emerged as a new modality for the study of the molecular and cellular biology of the intestine in vitro. We recently developed an in vitro maturation technique for generating functional hIOs from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here, we investigated the function of STAT3 for inducing in vitro maturation of hIOs. This was accompanied by the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3, whereas treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of STAT3 suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the expression of intestinal maturation markers. We generated and characterized STAT3 knockout (KO) human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. We found that STAT3 KO does not affect the differentiation of hESCs into hIOs but rather affects the in vitro maturation of hIOs. STAT3 KO hIOs displayed immature morphologies with decreased size and reduced budding in hIOs even after in vitro maturation. STAT3 KO hIOs showed markedly different profiles from hIOs matured in vitro and human small intestine. Additionally, STAT3 KO hIOs failed to maintain upon in vivo transplantation. This study reveals a core signaling pathway consisting of STAT3 controlling the in vitro maturation of hIOs derived from hPSCs.
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11
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Chansoria P, Narayanan LK, Schuchard K, Shirwaiker R. Ultrasound-assisted biofabrication and bioprinting of preferentially aligned three-dimensional cellular constructs. Biofabrication 2019; 11:035015. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab15cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Huang J, Ren Y, Wu X, Li Z, Ren J. Gut bioengineering promotes gut repair and pharmaceutical research: a review. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419839846. [PMID: 31037215 PMCID: PMC6475831 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419839846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has a diverse set of physiological functions, including peristalsis, immune defense, and nutrient absorptions. These functions are mediated by various intestinal cells such as epithelial cells, interstitial cells, smooth muscle cells, and neurocytes. The loss or dysfunction of specific cells directly results in GI disease, while supplementation of normal cells promotes gut healing. Gut bioengineering has been developing for this purpose to reconstruct the damaged tissues. Moreover, GI tract provides an accessible route for drug delivery, but the collateral damages induced by side effects cannot be ignored. Bioengineered intestinal tissues provide three-dimensional platforms that mimic the in vivo environment to study drug functions. Given the importance of gut bioengineering in current research, in this review, we summarize the advances in the technologies of gut bioengineering and their applications. We were able to identify several ground-breaking discoveries in our review, while more work is needed to promote the clinical translation of gut bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Huang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhan Ren
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Laboratory for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongan Li
- School of NARI Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
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13
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Pearce SC, Coia HG, Karl JP, Pantoja-Feliciano IG, Zachos NC, Racicot K. Intestinal in vitro and ex vivo Models to Study Host-Microbiome Interactions and Acute Stressors. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1584. [PMID: 30483150 PMCID: PMC6240795 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is extremely important for maintaining homeostasis with host intestinal epithelial, neuronal, and immune cells and this host-microbe interaction is critical during times of stress or disease. Environmental, nutritional, and cognitive stress are just a few factors known to influence the gut microbiota and are thought to induce microbial dysbiosis. Research on this bidirectional relationship as it pertains to health and disease is extensive and rapidly expanding in both in vivo and in vitro/ex vivo models. However, far less work has been devoted to studying effects of host-microbe interactions on acute stressors and performance, the underlying mechanisms, and the modulatory effects of different stressors on both the host and the microbiome. Additionally, the use of in vitro/ex vivo models to study the gut microbiome and human performance has not been researched extensively nor reviewed. Therefore, this review aims to examine current evidence concerning the current status of in vitro and ex vivo host models, the impact of acute stressors on gut physiology/microbiota as well as potential impacts on human performance and how we can parlay this information for DoD relevance as well as the broader scientific community. Models reviewed include widely utilized intestinal cell models from human and animal models that have been applied in the past for stress or microbiology research as well as ex vivo organ/tissue culture models and new innovative models including organ-on-a-chip and co-culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Pearce
- Performance Nutrition Team, Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Heidi G Coia
- National Research Council, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC, United States.,711th Human Performance Wing, Airforce Research Laboratory, Airman Systems Directorate, Human-Centered ISR Division, Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - J P Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Ida G Pantoja-Feliciano
- Soldier Protection and Optimization Directorate, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Nicholas C Zachos
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth Racicot
- Performance Nutrition Team, Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States
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14
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Huang J, Li Z, Hu Q, Chen G, Ren Y, Wu X, Ren J. Bioinspired Anti-digestive Hydrogels Selected by a Simulated Gut Microfluidic Chip for Closing Gastrointestinal Fistula. iScience 2018; 8:40-48. [PMID: 30273911 PMCID: PMC6170257 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-digestive features given to hydrogels can prolong their action time in gut environment; however, these types of hydrogels have rarely been reported. Inspired by indigestibility of dietary fibers, we introduced an injectable covalent hydrogel through photopolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate-modified xanthan. This newly synthesized hydrogel exhibited a specific concentration-dependent porosity, swelling ratio, and stiffness. The intestinal epithelial cells-6 could grow on the surface of the stiffer hydrogel, and achieved their gut barrier functions. A simulated gut microfluidic chip was manufactured to demonstrate the hydrogel's good performance of anti-digestion compared with the current product, fibrin sealant. Furthermore, calcium ions could induce the swelling-shrinking behavior of the hydrogel, which assisted in removing the hydrogels at the proper time so as to avoid the mismatch of hydrogel degradation and tissue regeneration. Therefore, this hydrogel is expected to be an outstanding gut repair material, especially for closing gastrointestinal fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Huang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zongan Li
- NARI School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiongyuan Hu
- Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Guopu Chen
- Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yanhan Ren
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
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15
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Jung KB, Lee H, Son YS, Lee MO, Kim YD, Oh SJ, Kwon O, Cho S, Cho HS, Kim DS, Oh JH, Zilbauer M, Min JK, Jung CR, Kim J, Son MY. Interleukin-2 induces the in vitro maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal organoids. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3039. [PMID: 30072687 PMCID: PMC6072745 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived intestinal organoids (hIOs) form 3D structures organized into crypt and villus domains, making them an excellent in vitro model system for studying human intestinal development and disease. However, hPSC-derived hIOs still require in vivo maturation to fully recapitulate adult intestine, with the mechanism of maturation remaining elusive. Here, we show that the co-culture with human T lymphocytes induce the in vitro maturation of hIOs, and identify STAT3-activating interleukin-2 (IL-2) as the major factor inducing maturation. hIOs exposed to IL-2 closely mimic the adult intestinal epithelium and have comparable expression levels of mature intestinal markers, as well as increased intestine-specific functional activities. Even after in vivo engraftment, in vitro-matured hIOs retain their maturation status. The results of our study demonstrate that STAT3 signaling can induce the maturation of hIOs in vitro, thereby circumventing the need for animal models and in vivo maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Bo Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seul Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Dae Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Oh
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center & Department of Convergence medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ohman Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwha Cho
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke's, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Hypoxia Enhances Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells toward the Smooth Muscle Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020517. [PMID: 29419805 PMCID: PMC5855739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle differentiated adipose tissue-derived stem cells are a valuable resource for regeneration of gastrointestinal tissues, such as the gut and sphincters. Hypoxia has been shown to promote adipose tissue-derived stem cells proliferation and maintenance of pluripotency, but the influence of hypoxia on their smooth myogenic differentiation remains unexplored. This study investigated the phenotype and contractility of adipose-derived stem cells differentiated toward the smooth myogenic lineage under hypoxic conditions. Oxygen concentrations of 2%, 5%, 10%, and 20% were used during differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression of smooth muscle cells-specific markers, including early marker smooth muscle alpha actin, middle markers calponin, caldesmon, and late marker smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. The specific contractile properties of cells were verified with both a single cell contraction assay and a gel contraction assay. Five percent oxygen concentration significantly increased the expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin, calponin, and myosin heavy chain in adipose-derived stem cell cultures after 2 weeks of induction (p < 0.01). Cells differentiated in 5% oxygen conditions showed greater contraction effect (p < 0.01). Hypoxia influences differentiation of smooth muscle cells from adipose stem cells and 5% oxygen was the optimal condition to generate smooth muscle cells that contract from adipose stem cells.
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17
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Jung KB, Lee H, Son YS, Lee JH, Cho HS, Lee MO, Oh JH, Lee J, Kim S, Jung CR, Kim J, Son MY. In vitro and in vivo imaging and tracking of intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:111-122. [PMID: 28855280 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700504r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human intestinal organoids (hIOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have immense potential as a source of intestines. Therefore, an efficient system is needed for visualizing the stage of intestinal differentiation and further identifying hIOs derived from hPSCs. Here, 2 fluorescent biosensors were developed based on human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines that stably expressed fluorescent reporters driven by intestine-specific gene promoters Krüppel-like factor 5 monomeric Cherry (KLF5mCherry) and intestine-specific homeobox enhanced green fluorescence protein (ISXeGFP). Then hIOs were efficiently induced from those transgenic hiPSC lines in which mCherry- or eGFP-expressing cells, which appeared during differentiation, could be identified in intact living cells in real time. Reporter gene expression had no adverse effects on differentiation into hIOs and proliferation. Using our reporter system to screen for hIO differentiation factors, we identified DMH1 as an efficient substitute for Noggin. Transplanted hIOs under the kidney capsule were tracked with fluorescence imaging (FLI) and confirmed histologically. After orthotopic transplantation, the localization of the hIOs in the small intestine could be accurately visualized using FLI. Our study establishes a selective system for monitoring the in vitro differentiation and for tracking the in vivo localization of hIOs and contributes to further improvement of cell-based therapies and preclinical screenings in the intestinal field.-Jung, K. B., Lee, H., Son, Y. S., Lee, J. H., Cho, H.-S., Lee, M.-O., Oh, J.-H., Lee, J., Kim, S., Jung, C.-R., Kim, J., Son, M.-Y. In vitro and in vivo imaging and tracking of intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Bo Jung
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ye Seul Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Immunotherapy Covergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea; and
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seokho Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea,
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea,
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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18
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Wang Q, Wang K, Solorzano-Vargas RS, Lin PY, Walthers CM, Thomas AL, Martín MG, Dunn JCY. Bioengineered intestinal muscularis complexes with long-term spontaneous and periodic contractions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195315. [PMID: 29718926 PMCID: PMC5931477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although critical for studies of gut motility and intestinal regeneration, the in vitro culture of intestinal muscularis with peristaltic function remains a significant challenge. Periodic contractions of intestinal muscularis result from the coordinated activity of smooth muscle cells (SMC), the enteric nervous system (ENS), and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Reproducing this activity requires the preservation of all these cells in one system. Here we report the first serum-free culture methodology that consistently maintains spontaneous and periodic contractions of murine and human intestinal muscularis cells for months. In this system, SMC expressed the mature marker myosin heavy chain, and multipolar/dipolar ICC, uniaxonal/multipolar neurons and glial cells were present. Furthermore, drugs affecting neural signals, ICC or SMC altered the contractions. Combining this method with scaffolds, contracting cell sheets were formed with organized architecture. With the addition of intestinal epithelial cells, this platform enabled up to 11 types of cells from mucosa, muscularis and serosa to coexist and epithelial cells were stretched by the contracting muscularis cells. The method constitutes a powerful tool for mechanistic studies of gut motility disorders and the functional regeneration of the engineered intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - R. Sergio Solorzano-Vargas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mattel Children’s Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Po-Yu Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Walthers
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anne-Laure Thomas
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Martín G. Martín
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mattel Children’s Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - James C. Y. Dunn
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Palumbo FS, Fiorica C, Pitarresi G, Zingales M, Bologna E, Giammona G. Multifibrillar bundles of a self-assembling hyaluronic acid derivative obtained through a microfluidic technique for aortic smooth muscle cell orientation and differentiation. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2518-2526. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00647d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A hyaluronic acid derivative able to physically crosslink in a saline aqueous medium was employed for the production of fibers with a mean diameter of 50 μm using a microfluidic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Salvatore Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- 90123 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Calogero Fiorica
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- 90123 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Giovanna Pitarresi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- 90123 Palermo
- Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Bologna
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile
- Ambientale
- Aerospaziale
- dei Materiali
- Palermo
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- 90123 Palermo
- Italy
- Institute of Biophysics at Palermo
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20
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Kanetaka K, Kobayashi S, Eguchi S. Regenerative medicine for the esophagus. Surg Today 2017; 48:739-747. [PMID: 29214351 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-017-1610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in tissue engineering techniques have made it possible to use human cells as biological material. This has enabled pharmacological studies to be conducted to investigate drug effects and toxicity, to clarify the mechanisms underlying diseases, and to elucidate how they compensate for impaired organ function. Many researchers have tried to construct artificial organs using these techniques, but none has succeeded in growing a whole organ. Unlike other digestive organs with complicated functions, such as the processing and absorption of nutrients, the esophagus has the relatively simple function of transporting content, which can be replicated easily by a substitute. In regenerative medicine, various combinations of materials have been applied, including scaffolding, cell sources, and bioreactors. Exciting results of tissue engineering techniques for the esophagus have been reported. In animal models, replacing full-thickness and full-circumferential defects remains challenging because of stenosis and leakage after implantation. Although many reports have manipulated various scaffolds, most have emphasized the importance of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells for the prevention of stenosis. However, the results of repair of partial full-thickness defects and mucosal defects have been promising. Two successful approaches for the replacement of mucosal defects in a clinical setting have been reported, although in contrast to the many animal models, there are few pilot studies in humans. We review the recent results and evaluate the future of regenerative medicine for the esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Kanetaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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21
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Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 Plasmid Regenerates Both Smooth and Skeletal Muscle After Anal Sphincter Injury in the Long Term. Dis Colon Rectum 2017; 60:1320-1328. [PMID: 29112569 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerating muscle at a time remote from injury requires re-expression of cytokines to attract stem cells to start and sustain the process of repair. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the sustainability of muscle regeneration after treatment with a nonviral plasmid expressing stromal cell-derived factor 1. DESIGN This was a randomized study. SETTINGS The study was conducted with animals in a single research facility. INTERVENTIONS Fifty-six female age-/weight-matched Sprague-Dawley rats underwent excision of the ventral half of the anal sphincter complex. Three weeks later, rats were randomly allocated (n = 8) to one of the following groups: no treatment, 100 μg of plasmid encoding stromal cell-derived factor 1 injected locally, local injection of plasmid and 8 × 10 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and plasmid encoding stromal cell-derived factor 1 injected locally with injection of a gelatin scaffold mixed with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Anal manometry, histology, immunohistochemistrym and morphometry were performed 8 weeks after treatment. Protein expression of cytokines CXCR4 and Myf5 was investigated 1 week after treatment (n = 6 per group). ANOVA was used, with p < 0.0083 indicating significant differences for anal manometry and p < 0.05 for all other statistical analysis. RESULTS Eight weeks after treatment, all of the groups receiving the plasmid had significantly higher anal pressures than controls and more organized muscle architecture in the region of the defect. Animals receiving plasmid alone had significantly greater muscle in the defect (p = 0.03) than either animals with injury alone (p = 0.02) or those receiving the plasmid, cells, and scaffold (p = 0.03). Both smooth and skeletal muscles were regenerated significantly more after plasmid treatment. There were no significant differences in the protein levels of CXCR4 or Myf5. LIMITATIONS The study was limited by its small sample size and because stromal cell-derived factor 1 was not blocked. CONCLUSIONS A plasmid expressing stromal cell-derived factor 1 may be sufficient to repair an injured anal sphincter even long after the injury and in the absence of mesenchymal stem cell or scaffold treatments. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A451.
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22
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The extracellular matrix of the gastrointestinal tract: a regenerative medicine platform. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 14:540-552. [PMID: 28698662 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and secretion of components that constitute the extracellular matrix (ECM) by resident cell types occur at the earliest stages of embryonic development, and continue throughout life in both healthy and diseased physiological states. The ECM consists of a complex mixture of insoluble and soluble functional components that are arranged in a tissue-specific 3D ultrastructure, and it regulates numerous biological processes, including angiogenesis, innervation and stem cell differentiation. Owing to its composition and influence on embryonic development, as well as cellular and organ homeostasis, the ECM is an ideal therapeutic substrate for the repair of damaged or diseased tissues. Biologic scaffold materials that are composed of ECM have been used in various surgical and tissue-engineering applications. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract presents distinct challenges, such as diverse pH conditions and the requirement for motility and nutrient absorption. Despite these challenges, the use of homologous and heterologous ECM bioscaffolds for the focal or segmental reconstruction and regeneration of GI tissue has shown promise in early preclinical and clinical studies. This Review discusses the importance of tissue-specific ECM bioscaffolds and highlights the major advances that have been made in regenerative medicine strategies for the reconstruction of functional GI tissues.
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Gräs S, Tolstrup CK, Lose G. Regenerative medicine provides alternative strategies for the treatment of anal incontinence. Int Urogynecol J 2016; 28:341-350. [PMID: 27311602 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-016-3064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Anal incontinence is a common disorder but current treatment modalities are not ideal and the development of new treatments is needed. The aim of this review was to identify the existing knowledge of regenerative medicine strategies in the form of cellular therapies or bioengineering as a treatment for anal incontinence caused by anal sphincter defects. METHODS PubMed was searched for preclinical and clinical studies in English published from January 2005 to January 2016. RESULTS Animal studies have demonstrated that cellular therapy in the form of local injections of culture-expanded skeletal myogenic cells stimulates repair of both acute and 2 - 4-week-old anal sphincter injuries. The results from a small clinical trial with ten patients and a case report support the preclinical findings. Animal studies have also demonstrated that local injections of mesenchymal stem cells stimulate repair of sphincter injuries, and a complex bioengineering strategy for creation and implantation of an intrinsically innervated internal anal sphincter construct has been successfully developed in a series of animal studies. CONCLUSION Cellular therapies with myogenic cells and mesenchymal stem cells and the use of bioengineering technology to create an anal sphincter are new potential strategies to treat anal incontinence caused by anal sphincter defects, but the clinical evidence is extremely limited. The use of culture-expanded autologous skeletal myogenic cells has been most intensively investigated and several clinical trials were ongoing at the time of this report. The cost-effectiveness of such a therapy is an issue and muscle fragmentation is suggested as a simple alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Gräs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Cæcilie Krogsgaard Tolstrup
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Lose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
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Jiang J, Carlson MA, Teusink MJ, Wang H, MacEwan MR, Xie J. Expanding Two-Dimensional Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes in the Third Dimension By a Modified Gas-Foaming Technique. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:991-1001. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthew R. MacEwan
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Lee MY, Park C, Berent RM, Park PJ, Fuchs R, Syn H, Chin A, Townsend J, Benson CC, Redelman D, Shen TW, Park JK, Miano JM, Sanders KM, Ro S. Smooth Muscle Cell Genome Browser: Enabling the Identification of Novel Serum Response Factor Target Genes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133751. [PMID: 26241044 PMCID: PMC4524680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-scale expression data on the absolute numbers of gene isoforms offers essential clues in cellular functions and biological processes. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) perform a unique contractile function through expression of specific genes controlled by serum response factor (SRF), a transcription factor that binds to DNA sites known as the CArG boxes. To identify SRF-regulated genes specifically expressed in SMCs, we isolated SMC populations from mouse small intestine and colon, obtained their transcriptomes, and constructed an interactive SMC genome and CArGome browser. To our knowledge, this is the first online resource that provides a comprehensive library of all genetic transcripts expressed in primary SMCs. The browser also serves as the first genome-wide map of SRF binding sites. The browser analysis revealed novel SMC-specific transcriptional variants and SRF target genes, which provided new and unique insights into the cellular and biological functions of the cells in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. The SRF target genes in SMCs, which were discovered in silico, were confirmed by proteomic analysis of SMC-specific Srf knockout mice. Our genome browser offers a new perspective into the alternative expression of genes in the context of SRF binding sites in SMCs and provides a valuable reference for future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Young Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Wonkwang Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Chanjae Park
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Robyn M. Berent
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Park
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Robert Fuchs
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Hannah Syn
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Albert Chin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Jared Townsend
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Craig C. Benson
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Doug Redelman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Tsai-wei Shen
- LC Sciences, 2575 West Bellfort Street Suite 270, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jong Kun Park
- Division of Biological Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Joseph M. Miano
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenton M. Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zakhem E, Elbahrawy M, Orlando G, Bitar KN. Successful implantation of an engineered tubular neuromuscular tissue composed of human cells and chitosan scaffold. Surgery 2015; 158:1598-608. [PMID: 26096562 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need for gut lengthening secondary to massive resections of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we propose to evaluate the remodeling, vascularization, and functionality of a chitosan-based, tubular neuromuscular tissue on subcutaneous implantation in the back of athymic rats. METHODS Aligned innervated smooth muscle sheets were bioengineered with the use of human smooth muscle and neural progenitor cells. The innervated sheets were wrapped around tubular chitosan scaffolds. The engineered tubular neuromuscular tissue was implanted subcutaneously in the back of athymic rats. The implant was harvested after 14 days and assessed for morphology, vascularization, and functionality. RESULTS Gross examination of the implants showed healthy color with no signs of inflammation. The implanted tissue became vascularized as demonstrated by gross and histologic analysis. Chitosan supported the luminal patency of the tissue. The innervated muscle remodeled around the tubular chitosan scaffold. Smooth muscle maintained its circumferential alignment and contractile phenotype. The functionality of the implant was characterized further by the use of real-time force generation. A cholinergic response was demonstrated by robust contraction in response to acetylcholine. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-, and electrical field stimulation-caused relaxation. In the presence of neurotoxin tetrodotoxin, the magnitude of acetylcholine-induced contraction and vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced relaxation was attenuated whereas electrical field stimulation-induced relaxation was completely abolished, indicating neuronal contribution to the response. CONCLUSION Our results indicated the successful subcutaneous implantation of engineered tubular neuromuscular tissues. The tissues became vascularized and maintained their myogenic and neurogenic phenotype and function, which provides potential therapeutic prospects for providing implantable replacement GI segments for treating GI motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Zakhem
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC; Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Mostafa Elbahrawy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Khalil N Bitar
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC; Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC; Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston Salem, NC.
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Abstract
The enteric nervous system is the intrinsic innervation of the gut. Several neuromuscular disorders affect the neurons and glia of the enteric nervous system adversely, resulting in disruptions in gastrointestinal motility and function. Pharmacological interventions to remedy gastrointestinal function do not address the underlying cause of dysmotility arising from lost, absent, or damaged enteric neuroglial circuitry. Cell-based therapies have gained traction in the past decade, following the discovery of several adult stem cell niches in the human body. Adult neural stem cells can be isolated from the postnatal and adult intestine using minimally invasive biopsies. These stem cells retain the ability to differentiate into several functional classes of enteric neurons and enteric glia. Upon identification of these cells, several groups have also established that transplantation of these cells into aganglionic or dysganglionic intestine rescues gastrointestinal motility and function. This chapter highlights key studies performed in the field of stem cell transplantation therapies that are targeted towards the remedy of gastrointestinal motility and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil N Bitar
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Richard H Dean Biomedical Engineering Building, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA,
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Kobayashi M, Lei NY, Wang Q, Wu BM, Dunn JCY. Orthogonally oriented scaffolds with aligned fibers for engineering intestinal smooth muscle. Biomaterials 2015; 61:75-84. [PMID: 26001072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Controlling cellular alignment is critical in engineering intestines with desired structure and function. Although previous studies have examined the directional alignment of cells on the surface (x-y plane) of parallel fibers, quantitative analysis of the cellular alignment inside implanted scaffolds with oriented fibers has not been reported. This study examined the cellular alignment in the x-z and y-z planes of scaffolds made with two layers of orthogonally oriented fibers. The cellular orientation inside implanted scaffolds was evaluated with immunofluorescence. Quantitative analysis of coherency between cell orientation and fiber direction confirmed that cells aligned along the fibers not only on the surface (x-y plane) but also inside the scaffolds (x-z & y-z planes). Our study demonstrated that two layers of orthogonally aligned scaffolds can generate the histological organization of cells similar to that of intestinal circular and longitudinal smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Kobayashi
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nan Ye Lei
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Advanced Prosthodontics & Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James C Y Dunn
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Seeley RJ, Chambers AP, Sandoval DA. The role of gut adaptation in the potent effects of multiple bariatric surgeries on obesity and diabetes. Cell Metab 2015; 21:369-78. [PMID: 25662404 PMCID: PMC4351155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgical procedures such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are the most potent treatments available to produce sustained reductions in body weight and improvements in glucose regulation. While traditionally these effects are attributed to mechanical aspects of these procedures, such as restriction and malabsorption, a growing body of evidence from mouse models of these procedures points to physiological changes that mediate the potent effects of these surgeries. In particular, there are similar changes in gut hormone secretion, bile acid levels, and composition after both of these procedures. Moreover, loss of function of the nuclear bile acid receptor (FXR) greatly diminishes the effects of VSG. Both VSG and RYGB are linked to profound changes in the gut microbiome that also mediate at least some of these surgical effects. We hypothesize that surgical rearrangement of the gastrointestinal tract results in enteroplasticity caused by the high rate of nutrient presentation and altered pH in the small intestine that contribute to these physiological effects. Identifying the molecular underpinnings of these procedures provides new opportunities to understand the relationship of the gastrointestinal tract to obesity and diabetes as well as new therapeutic strategies to harness the effectiveness of surgery with less-invasive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy J Seeley
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Adam P Chambers
- Department of Diabetes Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen 2760 MÅLØV, Denmark
| | - Darleen A Sandoval
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Franck D, Chung YG, Coburn J, Kaplan DL, Estrada CR, Mauney JR. In vitro evaluation of bi-layer silk fibroin scaffolds for gastrointestinal tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng 2014; 5:2041731414556849. [PMID: 25396043 PMCID: PMC4228923 DOI: 10.1177/2041731414556849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin scaffolds were investigated for their ability to support attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of human gastrointestinal epithelial and smooth muscle cell lines in order to ascertain their potential for tissue engineering. A bi-layer silk fibroin matrix composed of a porous silk fibroin foam annealed to a homogeneous silk fibroin film was evaluated in parallel with small intestinal submucosa scaffolds. AlamarBlue analysis revealed that silk fibroin scaffolds supported significantly higher levels of small intestinal smooth muscle cell, colon smooth muscle cell, and esophageal smooth muscle cell attachment in comparison to small intestinal submucosa. Following 7 days of culture, relative numbers of each smooth muscle cell population maintained on both scaffold groups were significantly elevated over respective 1-day levels—indicative of cell proliferation. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that both silk fibroin and small intestinal submucosa scaffolds were permissive for contractile differentiation of small intestinal smooth muscle cell, colon smooth muscle cell, esophageal smooth muscle cell as determined by significant upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin and SM22α messenger RNA and protein expression levels following transforming growth factor-β1 stimulation. AlamarBlue analysis demonstrated that both matrix groups supported similar degrees of attachment and proliferation of gastrointestinal epithelial cell lines including colonic T84 cells and esophageal epithelial cells. Following 14 days of culture on both matrices, spontaneous differentiation of T84 cells toward an enterocyte lineage was confirmed by expression of brush border enzymes, lactase, and maltase, as determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses. In contrast to small intestinal submucosa scaffolds, silk fibroin scaffolds supported spontaneous differentiation of esophageal epithelial cells toward a suprabasal cell lineage as indicated by significant upregulation of cytokeratin 4 and cytokeratin 13 messenger RNA transcript levels. In addition, esophageal epithelial cells maintained on silk fibroin scaffolds also produced significantly higher involucrin messenger RNA transcript levels in comparison to small intestinal submucosa counterparts, indicating an increased propensity for superficial, squamous cell specification. Collectively, these data provide evidence for the potential of silk fibroin scaffolds for gastrointestinal tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Franck
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yeun Goo Chung
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeannine Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Carlos R Estrada
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua R Mauney
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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