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King KP, Humiston T, Gowey MA, Murdaugh DL, Dutton GR, Lansing AH. A biobehavioural and social-structural model of inflammation and executive function in pediatric chronic health conditions. Health Psychol Rev 2024; 18:24-40. [PMID: 36581801 PMCID: PMC10307927 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2162430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that pediatric chronic health conditions (CHCs) often impair executive functioning (EF) and impaired EF undermines pediatric CHC management. This bidirectional relationship likely occurs due to biobehavioural and social-structural factors that serve to maintain this feedback loop. Specifically, biobehavioural research suggests that inflammation may sustain a feedback loop that links together increased CHC severity, challenges with EF, and lower engagement in health promoting behaviours. Experiencing social and environmental inequity also maintains pressure on this feedback loop as experiencing inequities is associated with greater inflammation, increased CHC severity, as well as challenges with EF and engagement in health promoting behaviours. Amidst this growing body of research, a model of biobehavioural and social-structural factors that centres inflammation and EF is warranted to better identify individual and structural targets to ameliorate the effects of CHCs on children, families, and society at large. This paper proposes this model, reviews relevant literature, and delineates actionable research and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tori Humiston
- University of Vermont, Department of Psychological Sciences
| | - Marissa A. Gowey
- University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Donna L. Murdaugh
- University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Gareth R. Dutton
- University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine
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2
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Helleputte S, Yardley JE, Scott SN, Stautemas J, Jansseune L, Marlier J, De Backer T, Lapauw B, Calders P. Effects of postprandial exercise on blood glucose levels in adults with type 1 diabetes: a review. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1179-1191. [PMID: 37014379 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
People with type 1 diabetes experience challenges in managing blood glucose around exercise. Previous studies have examined glycaemic responses to different exercise modalities but paid little attention to participants' prandial state, although this is an important consideration and will enhance our understanding of the effects of exercise in order to improve blood glucose management around activity. This review summarises available data on the glycaemic effects of postprandial exercise (i.e. exercise within 2 h after a meal) in people with type 1 diabetes. Using a search strategy on electronic databases, literature was screened until November 2022 to identify clinical trials evaluating acute (during exercise), subacute (≤2 h after exercise) and late (>2 h to ≤24 h after exercise) effects of postprandial exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes. Studies were systematically organised and assessed by exercise modality: (1) walking exercise (WALK); (2) continuous exercise of moderate intensity (CONT MOD); (3) continuous exercise of high intensity (CONT HIGH); and (4) interval training (intermittent high-intensity exercise [IHE] or high-intensity interval training [HIIT]). Primary outcomes were blood glucose change and hypoglycaemia occurrence during and after exercise. All study details and results per outcome were listed in an evidence table. Twenty eligible articles were included: two included WALK sessions, eight included CONT MOD, seven included CONT HIGH, three included IHE and two included HIIT. All exercise modalities caused consistent acute glycaemic declines, with the largest effect size for CONT HIGH and the smallest for HIIT, depending on the duration and intensity of the exercise bout. Pre-exercise mealtime insulin reductions created higher starting blood glucose levels, thereby protecting against hypoglycaemia, in spite of similar declines in blood glucose during activity between the different insulin reduction strategies. Nocturnal hypoglycaemia occurred after higher intensity postprandial exercise, a risk that could be diminished by a post-exercise snack with concomitant bolus insulin reduction. Research on the optimal timing of postprandial exercise is inconclusive. In summary, individuals with type 1 diabetes exercising postprandially should substantially reduce insulin with the pre-exercise meal to avoid exercise-induced hypoglycaemia, with the magnitude of the reduction depending on the exercise duration and intensity. Importantly, pre-exercise blood glucose and timing of exercise should be considered to avoid hyperglycaemia around exercise. To protect against late-onset hypoglycaemia, a post-exercise meal with insulin adjustments might be advisable, especially for exercise in the evening or with a high-intensity component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Helleputte
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) Vlaanderen, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Jane E Yardley
- Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sam N Scott
- Team Novo Nordisk Professional Cycling Team, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jan Stautemas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Jansseune
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joke Marlier
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine De Backer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Calders
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Mei H, Xie R, Li T, Chen Z, Liu Y, Sun C. Effect of Atomoxetine on Behavioral Difficulties and Growth Development of Primary School Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Prospective Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9020212. [PMID: 35204932 PMCID: PMC8870549 DOI: 10.3390/children9020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Objective: Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children over six years old. Although it is common knowledge that primary school children with ADHD often present with difficulties in the morning prior to school and in the evening, these two periods, and the family interactions they involve, are often neglected in studies of ADHD. Questionnaire–Children with Difficulties (QCD) has been widely used in China to evaluate parents’ perceptions of ADHD and patients’ daily behaviors during different times. In the long term, the efficacy and safety of atomoxetine have been well established in previous studies. Still, the short-term effects of atomoxetine treatment on serum growth parameters, such as IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and thyroid function, are not well documented. Therefore, this study was the first one using the QCD to quantify the efficacy of atomoxetine treatment in the morning prior to school and in the evening, and has investigated the possible influence on the growth parameters of Chinese primary school children with ADHD. (2) Method: This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from August 2019 to February 2021. Changes in the children’s behavior and core ADHD symptoms following treatment were assessed using three parent-reported questionnaires, including Children with Difficulties (QCD), the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV scale (SNAP-IV), and the Conners’ parents rating scales (CPRS). The height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured and corrected to reflect the standard deviations (SDS) in Chinese children based on age and gender. Serum growth parameters, such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and thyroid function, were also measured to assess the children’s growth development. Any adverse drug reactions were assessed every three weeks. (3) Result: Finally, 149 children were enrolled in this study, and they completed 12 weeks of atomoxetine treatment. The QCD results indicated that the atomoxetine treatment could significantly alleviate behavioral difficulties in primary children with ADHD, especially in the morning prior to school (p < 0.001, r = 0.66) and in the evening (p < 0.001, r = 0.73). A statically significant decrease in weight SDS (p < 0.05) was noted during treatment, but the effect size was slight (r = 0.09). The atomoxetine treatment had no significant impact on height SDS, BMI SDS, and serum growth parameters, such as the levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and thyroid function. The SNAP-IV results showed a significant improvement in the core symptoms of ADHD, while the CPRS results indicated a significant improvement in controlling ADHD symptoms across two different domains, learning problems (r = 0.81) and hyperactivity (r = 0.86). No severe adverse reactions were observed in the course of treatment, and the most common adverse reactions were gastrointestinal symptoms. (4) Conclusions: Atomoxetine is an effective and safe treatment for primary school children with ADHD. In China, it may be an excellent choice to alleviate parenting stress and improve the condition of primary school children with ADHD. Moreover, our study indicated that the serum levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were within the normal range in newly diagnosed ADHD children, and atomoxetine will not affect the serum concentration of growth parameters, such as IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and thyroid function, in the short term. However, the treatment may reduce appetite, resulting in a reduction in the Children’s weight for a short period. Further observational studies to monitor the long-term effects of atomoxetine on primary school children are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiya Mei
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.M.); (R.X.); (T.L.)
| | - Ruijin Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.M.); (R.X.); (T.L.)
| | - Tianxiao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.M.); (R.X.); (T.L.)
| | - Zongxin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188, Shixin Avenue, Suzhou 215000, China;
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.M.); (R.X.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60657, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (C.S.)
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Wróbel M, Rokicka D, Gołaś A, Drozd M, Nowowiejska-Wiewióra A, Pyka Ł, Stołtny T, Gąsior M, Strojek K. Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training Performed under Conditions of Normobaric Hypoxia and Normoxia Has the Same Impact on Metabolic Control in Men with Type 1 Diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13058. [PMID: 34948667 PMCID: PMC8701162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim was to assess whether combined aerobic and resistance training performed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions had an impact on diabetes control, VO2max (maximum oxygen consumption), and echocardiological and anthropometric parameters in men with long-term type 1 diabetes. (2) Methods: Sixteen male participants (mean age: 37 years, mean HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin): 7.0%) were randomly assigned to two groups: training in normoxic conditions or training in conditions of altitude hypoxia. All subjects participated in 60 min combined aerobic and resistance training sessions twice a week for 6 weeks. At baseline and in the 6th week, echocardiography, incremental exercise test, and anthropometric and diabetes control parameters were assessed. (3) Results: After 6 weeks, there was no significant change in HbA1c value in any group. We noted a more stable glycemia profile during training in the hypoxia group (p > 0.05). Patients in the hypoxia group required less carbohydrates during training than in the normoxia group. A comparable increase in VO2max was observed in both groups (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in cardiological and anthropometric parameters. (4) Conclusions: Combined aerobic and resistance training improved VO2max after 6 weeks regardless of the conditions of the experiments. This exercise is safe in terms of glycemic control in patients with well-controlled diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wróbel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Cardiometabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medical Sciences Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (D.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Dominika Rokicka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Cardiometabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medical Sciences Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (D.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Artur Gołaś
- Department of Sports Training, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Miłosz Drozd
- Department of Sports Training, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Alicja Nowowiejska-Wiewióra
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.N.-W.); (Ł.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Łukasz Pyka
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.N.-W.); (Ł.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Tomasz Stołtny
- District Hospital of Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery in Piekary Śląskie, 41-940 Piekary Śląskie, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Gąsior
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.N.-W.); (Ł.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Krzysztof Strojek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Cardiometabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medical Sciences Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (D.R.); (K.S.)
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Chu-Tan JA, Kirkby M, Natoli R. Running to save sight: The effects of exercise on retinal health and function. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 50:74-90. [PMID: 34741489 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of exercise to human health have long been recognised. However, only in the past decade have researchers started to discover the molecular benefits that exercise confers, especially to the central nervous system (CNS). These discoveries include the magnitude of molecular messages that are communicated from skeletal muscle to the CNS. Despite these advances in understanding, very limited studies have been conducted to decipher the molecular benefits of exercise in retinal health and disease. Here, we review the latest work on the effects of exercise on the retina and discuss its effects on the wider CNS, with a focus on demonstrating the potential applicability and comparative molecular mechanisms that may be occurring in the retina. This review covers the key molecular pathways where exercise exerts its effects: oxidative stress and mitochondrial health; inflammation; protein aggregation; neuronal health; and tissue crosstalk via extracellular vesicles. Further research on the benefits of exercise to the retina and its molecular messages within extracellular vesicles is highly topical in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Chu-Tan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia.,The Australian National University Medical School, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Max Kirkby
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia.,The Australian National University Medical School, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
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Yardley JE, Sigal RJ. Glucose management for exercise using continuous glucose monitoring: should sex and prandial state be additional considerations? Diabetologia 2021; 64:932-934. [PMID: 33409571 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Yardley
- Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, AB, Canada.
- Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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7
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Hu J, Cai M, Shang Q, Li Z, Feng Y, Liu B, Xue X, Lou S. Elevated Lactate by High-Intensity Interval Training Regulates the Hippocampal BDNF Expression and the Mitochondrial Quality Control System. Front Physiol 2021; 12:629914. [PMID: 33716776 PMCID: PMC7946986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.629914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is reported to be beneficial to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) biosynthesis. A key element in this may be the existence of lactate, the most obvious metabolic product of exercise. In vivo, this study investigated the effects of a 6-week HIIT on the peripheral and central lactate changes, mitochondrial quality control system, mitochondrial function and BDNF expression in mouse hippocampus. In vitro, primary cultured mice hippocampal cells were used to investigate the role and the underlying mechanisms of lactate in promoting mitochondrial function during HIIT. In vivo studies, we firstly reported that HIIT can potentiate mitochondrial function [boost some of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes expression and ATP production], stimulate BDNF expression in mouse hippocampus along with regulating the mitochondrial quality control system in terms of promoting mitochondrial fusion and biogenesis, and suppressing mitochondrial fission. In parallel to this, the peripheral and central lactate levels elevated immediately after the training. In vitro study, our results revealed that lactate was in charge of regulating mitochondrial quality control system for mitochondrial function and thus may contribute to BDNF expression. In conclusion, our study provided the mitochondrial mechanisms of HIIT enhancing brain function, and that lactate itself can mediate the HIIT effect on mitochondrial quality control system in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Cai
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghui Shang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaorun Li
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Medicine Department, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiangli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujie Lou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Júdice PB, Magalhães JP, Hetherington-Rauth M, Correia IR, Sardinha LB. Sedentary patterns are associated with BDNF in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:871-879. [PMID: 33389140 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise is beneficial to type-2 diabetes-mellitus (T2DM), and there is evidence showing that one of those benefits include a higher expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which has been implicated in improving fat oxidation and cognitive development. The deleterious effect of prolonged sedentary time (ST) on BDNF levels has never been examined in patients with T2DM. Our goal was to analyse the associations for sedentary patterns [i.e. breaks in ST per sedentary hour (BST-ST) and bouts of sedentary time (BSB) of different length] with BDNF in patients with T2DM, independent of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). METHODS Sample included 80 patients (38 women) with T2DM (58.3 ± 7.8 years). ST and MVPA were assessed by accelerometry (ActiGraph, GT3X + model), BDNF by blood collection and plasma quantification using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, and CRF was determined using a Bruce protocol to exhaustion, on a motorized treadmill. RESULTS Positive associations for BST-ST (β = 0.155; p = 0.007) with BDNF, and negative associations for BSB longer than 15 min with BDNF were found (β = - 0.118; p = 0.049). Neither MVPA nor cardiorespiratory fitness eliminated the associations for BST-ST with BDNF, but MVPA eradicated the associations between BSB > 15 min and BDNF. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that interrupting ST and especially avoiding longer sedentary periods (> 15 min) may be beneficial for BDNF plasma abundance that may influence metabolic and cognitive functioning of patients with T2DM, especially for the ones presenting lower MVPA levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION May 5, 2017, ClinicalTrials.govID:NCT03144505.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro B Júdice
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.
- CIDEFES-Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física e Exercício e Saúde, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - João P Magalhães
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Megan Hetherington-Rauth
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Inês R Correia
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
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9
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Kalwat MA, Huang Z, Binns DD, McGlynn K, Cobb MH. α 2-Adrenergic Disruption of β Cell BDNF-TrkB Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576396. [PMID: 33178692 PMCID: PMC7593622 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenergic signaling is a well-known input into pancreatic islet function. Specifically, the insulin-secreting islet β cell expresses the Gi/o-linked α2-adrenergic receptor, which upon activation suppresses insulin secretion. The use of the adrenergic agonist epinephrine at micromolar doses may have supraphysiological effects. We found that pretreating β cells with micromolar concentrations of epinephrine differentially inhibited activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. We chose TrkB as an example because of its relative sensitivity to the effects of epinephrine and due to its potential regulatory role in the β cell. Our characterization of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TrkB signaling in MIN6 β cells showed that TrkB is activated by BDNF as expected, leading to canonical TrkB autophosphorylation and subsequent downstream signaling, as well as chronic effects on β cell growth. Micromolar, but not nanomolar, concentrations of epinephrine blocked BDNF-induced TrkB autophosphorylation and downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation, suggesting an inhibitory phenomenon at the receptor level. We determined epinephrine-mediated inhibition of TrkB activation to be Gi/o-dependent using pertussis toxin, arguing against an off-target effect of high-dose epinephrine. Published data suggested that inhibition of potassium channels or phosphoinositide-3-kinase signaling may abrogate the negative effects of epinephrine; however, these did not rescue TrkB signaling in our experiments. Taken together, these results show that (1) TrkB kinase signaling occurs in β cells and (2) use of epinephrine in studies of insulin secretion requires careful consideration of concentration-dependent effects. BDNF-TrkB signaling in β cells may underlie pro-survival or growth signaling and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Kalwat
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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10
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Curran M, Drayson MT, Andrews RC, Zoppi C, Barlow JP, Solomon TPJ, Narendran P. The benefits of physical exercise for the health of the pancreatic β-cell: a review of the evidence. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:579-589. [PMID: 32012372 DOI: 10.1113/ep088220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This review discusses the evidence of the benefits of exercise training for β-cell health through improvements in function, proliferation and survival which may have implications in the treatment of diabetes. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights how exercise may modulate β-cell health in the context of diabetes and highlights the need for further exploration of whether β-cell preserving effects of exercise translates to T1D. ABSTRACT Physical exercise is a core therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Whilst the benefits of exercise for different physiological systems are recognised, the effect of exercise specifically on the pancreatic β-cell is not well described. Here we review the effects of physical exercise on β-cell health. We show that exercise improves β-cell mass and function. The improved function manifests primarily through the increased insulin content of the β-cell and its increased ability to secrete insulin in response to a glucose stimulus. We review the evidence relating to glucose sensing, insulin signalling, β-cell proliferation and β-cell apoptosis in humans and animal models with acute exercise and following exercise training programmes. Some of the mechanisms through which these benefits manifest are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Curran
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark T Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Claudio Zoppi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonathan P Barlow
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas P J Solomon
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Parth Narendran
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Diabetes, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Rozanska O, Uruska A, Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz D. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030841. [PMID: 32012942 PMCID: PMC7037992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and its chronic complications still represent a great clinical problem, despite improvements made in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. People with diabetes have a much higher risk of impaired brain function and psychiatric disorders. Neurotrophins are factors that protect neuronal tissue and improve the function of the central nervous system, and among them is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The level and function of BDNF in diabetes seems to be disturbed by and connected with the presence of insulin resistance. On the other hand, there is evidence for the highly beneficial impact of physical activity on brain function and BDNF level. However, it is not clear if this protective phenomenon works in the presence of diabetes. In this review, we summarize the current available research on this topic and find that the results of published studies are ambiguous.
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Inoue DS, Antunes BM, Maideen MFB, Lira FS. Pathophysiological Features of Obesity and its Impact on Cognition: Exercise Training as a Non-Pharmacological Approach. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:916-931. [PMID: 31942854 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200114102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of individuals with obesity is growing worldwide and this is a worrying trend, as obesity has shown to cause pathophysiological changes, which result in the emergence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 and cancer. In addition, cognitive performance may be compromised by immunometabolic deregulation of obesity. Although in more critical cases, the use of medications is recommended, a physically active lifestyle is one of the main foundations for health maintenance, making physical training an important tool to reduce the harmful effects of excessive fat accumulation. AIM The purpose of this review of the literature is to present the impact of immunometabolic alterations on cognitive function in individuals with obesity, and the role of exercise training as a non-pharmacological approach to improve the inflammatory profile, energy metabolism and neuroplasticity in obesity. METHOD An overview of the etiology and pathophysiology of obesity to establish a possible link with cognitive performance in obese individuals, with the executive function being one of the most affected cognitive components. In addition, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) profile and its impact on cognition in obese individuals are discussed. Lastly, studies showing regular resistance and/or aerobic training, which may be able to improve the pathophysiological condition and cognitive performance through the improvement of the inflammatory profile, decreased insulin resistance and higher BDNF production are discussed. CONCLUSION Exercise training is essential for reestablishment and maintenance of health by increasing energy expenditure, insulin resistance reduction, anti-inflammatory proteins and neurotrophin production corroborating to upregulation of body function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Inoue
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, State University (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara M Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, State University (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mohammad F B Maideen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, State University (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Żebrowska A, Sikora M, Konarska A, Zwierzchowska A, Kamiński T, Robins A, Hall B. Moderate intensity exercise in hypoxia increases IGF-1 bioavailability and serum irisin in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820925326. [PMID: 32523674 PMCID: PMC7257872 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820925326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine the effect of moderate intensity continuous exercise (Ex) and hypoxia (Hyp) on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), irisin and cytokines levels in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS A total of 14 individuals with T1D (age: 28.7 ± 7.3 years) and 14 healthy adults (age: 27.1 ± 3.9 years) performed 40-min continuous Ex at moderate intensity (50% lactate threshold) on a cycle ergometer in normoxia (Nor) and Hyp (FiO2 = 15.1%) Biochemical factors, glucose concentrations and physiological variables were measured at rest, immediately and up to 24 h after both Ex protocols. RESULTS Patients with T1D had significantly lower pre-Ex serum concentrations of BDNF (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), and total IGF-1 (p < 0.001, p < 0.05) and significantly higher irisin levels (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) in Nor and Hyp, compared with healthy subjects. Ex significantly increased in T1D group serum BDNF (in Nor only p < 0.05) and total IGF-1 levels in Nor and Hyp (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Immediately after Ex in Hyp, freeIGF-1 (p < 0.05) and irisin levels (p < 0.001) were significantly higher compared with the levels induced by Ex alone. Free IGF-1 and irisin serum levels remained elevated in 24 h post-Ex in Hyp. In T1D, significant blood glucose (BG) decrease was observed immediately after Ex in Hyp (p < 0.001) and in 24 h recovery (p < 0.001) compared with pre-Ex level. CONCLUSION The study results suggest that moderate intensity continuous Ex has beneficial effect on BDNF and IGF-1 levels. Ex in hypoxic conditions may be more effective in increasing availability of IGF-1. The alterations in the post-Ex irisin levels and IGF-1 system may be contributing to more effective glycaemia control in patients with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Sikora
- Department of Physiological and Medical Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Konarska
- Department of Physiological and Medical Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Kamiński
- Department of Physiological and Medical Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Robins
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Barbara Hall
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
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14
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How do different physical exercise parameters modulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy and non-healthy adults? A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Farinha JB, Boff W, Dos Santos GC, Boeno FP, Ramis TR, Vieira AF, Macedo RCO, Rodrigues-Krause J, Reischak-Oliveira A. Acute glycemic responses along 10-week high-intensity training protocols in type 1 diabetes patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 153:111-113. [PMID: 31195026 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycemic fluctuations were compared throughout 10-week high-intensity training protocols in T1DM patients. Differences were compared using the rate of change in glycaemia during exercise (RoCE). HIIT sessions led to lower RoCE in most weeks than other training protocols. The occurrence of level 1 hypoglycemia along sessions were similar among interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Boufleur Farinha
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil.
| | - Winston Boff
- Institute for Children with Diabetes, Conceição Hospital Group, 529 Álvares Cabral Street, Porto Alegre 91350-250, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristina Dos Santos
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Francesco Pinto Boeno
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Thiago Rozales Ramis
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Ferreira Vieira
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Josianne Rodrigues-Krause
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil
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16
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Health Benefits of Endurance Training: Implications of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-A Systematic Review. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:5413067. [PMID: 31341469 PMCID: PMC6613032 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5413067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents a concept that wide expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptors (TrkB) in the nervous tissue, evoked by regular endurance training (ET), can cause numerous motor and metabolic adaptations, which are beneficial for human health. The relationships between the training-evoked increase of endogenous BDNF and molecular and/or physiological adaptations in the nervous structures controlling both motor performance and homeostasis of the whole organism have been presented. Due to a very wide range of plastic changes that ET has exerted on various systems of the body, the improvement of motor skills and counteraction of the development of civilization diseases resulting from the posttraining increase of BDNF/TrkB levels have been discussed, as important for people, who undertake ET. Thus, this report presents the influence of endurance exercises on the (1) transformation of motoneuron properties, which are a final element of the motor pathways, (2) reduction of motor deficits evoked by Parkinson disease, and (3) prevention of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). This review suggests that the increase of posttraining levels of BDNF and its TrkB receptors causes simultaneous changes in the activity of the spinal cord, the substantia nigra, and the hypothalamic nuclei neurons, which are responsible for the alteration of the functional properties of motoneurons innervating the skeletal muscles, for the enhancement of dopamine release in the brain, and for the modulation of hormone levels involved in regulating the metabolic processes, responsively. Finally, training-evoked increase of the BDNF/TrkB leads to a change in a manner of regulation of skeletal muscles, causes a reduction of motor deficits observed in the Parkinson disease, and lowers weight, glucose level, and blood pressure, which accompany the MetS. Therefore, BDNF seems to be the molecular factor of pleiotropic activity, important in the modulation processes, underlying adaptations, which result from ET.
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17
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Devenney KE, Guinan EM, Kelly ÁM, Mota BC, Walsh C, Olde Rikkert M, Schneider S, Lawlor B. Acute high-intensity aerobic exercise affects brain-derived neurotrophic factor in mild cognitive impairment: a randomised controlled study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000499. [PMID: 31258928 PMCID: PMC6563898 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cognitive response to a short bout of high-intensity aerobic exercise in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS Participants were randomised to one of two testing schedules, completing either a standardised exercise test (group A) or a resting control condition (group B). Blood sampling and cognitive measures (visuospatial learning and memory, sustained attention and executive function) were collected at baseline (T1) and postintervention (T2). An additional measurement of study outcomes was collected after exercise (T3) in group B only. RESULTS 64 participants (female 53.2%, mean age 70.5±6.3 years) with MCI were recruited. From T1 to T2, serum BDNF (sBDNF) concentration increased in group A (n=35) (median (Md) 4564.61±IQR 5737.23 pg/mL to Md 5173.27±5997.54 pg/mL) and decreased in group B (Md 4593.74±9558.29 pg/mL to Md 3974.66±3668.22 pg/mL) (between-group difference p=0.024, effect size r=0.3). The control group made fewer errors on the sustained attention task compared with the exercise group (p=0.025). Measures of visuospatial learning and memory or executive function did not change significantly between groups. CONCLUSION This study is the first to show that a short bout of high-intensity aerobic exercise increases peripheral sBDNF in a population with MCI. However, acute exercise did not improve cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Devenney
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emer M Guinan
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Áine M Kelly
- Department of Physiology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bibiana C Mota
- Department of Physiology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathal Walsh
- School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Stefan Schneider
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Brian Lawlor
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Micielska K, Gmiat A, Zychowska M, Kozlowska M, Walentukiewicz A, Lysak-Radomska A, Jaworska J, Rodziewicz E, Duda-Biernacka B, Ziemann E. The beneficial effects of 15 units of high-intensity circuit training in women is modified by age, baseline insulin resistance and physical capacity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 152:156-165. [PMID: 31102684 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of a single and 15 units of high-intensity circuit training (HICT) programme on glucose metabolism, myokines' response and selected genes' expression in women. METHODS Thirty-three, non-active women (mean age: 38 ± 12) were split into a HICT (n = 20) or a control group (CON, n = 13). The training protocol included three circuits of nine exercises with own body weight as a workload performed 3 times a week for five weeks. The CON group performed HICT twice. Blood samples were taken before, 1 h and 24 h after the first and last unit to determine IGF-1, myostatin, irisin, decorin, HSP27, interleukin-15 concentrations using the ELISA immunoenzymatic method. To evaluate HSPB1, TNF-α and DCN mRNA, real-time PCR was used. Pre- and post-intervention, the oral glucose test and body composition assessment were completed. RESULTS The following parameters tended to decrease after the 5-week HICT program: insulin and HOMA-IR Training diminished insulin/IGF-1 ratio (51% CI: -63% to -34%) and induced the drop of myostatin concentration but significantly only among middle-aged women and at baseline insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Obtained data revealed that HICT improved an insulin sensitivity and diminished myostatin concentration among older, insulin-resistant women with lower baseline physical capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Micielska
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Poland
| | - Anna Gmiat
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zychowska
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Marta Kozlowska
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Poland
| | - Anna Walentukiewicz
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Health Promotion and Posturology, Poland
| | - Anna Lysak-Radomska
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiotherapy, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Poland
| | - Ewa Rodziewicz
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Poland
| | - Barbara Duda-Biernacka
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Poland.
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19
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Minnock D, Krause M, Le Roux CW, De Vito G. Effects of acute exercise on glucose control in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean Minnock
- Institute for Sport & Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Carel W. Le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre; Conway Institute, University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Institute for Sport & Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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20
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Feter N, Spanevello RM, Soares MSP, Spohr L, Pedra NS, Bona NP, Freitas MP, Gonzales NG, Ito LGMS, Stefanello FM, Rombaldi AJ. How does physical activity and different models of exercise training affect oxidative parameters and memory? Physiol Behav 2018; 201:42-52. [PMID: 30552921 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the chronic effects of different physical exercise and physical activity models on cognitive function, cholinergic activity, and oxidative stress markers in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Eighty 60-day old C57BL/6 mice were divided into the following five groups: Sedentary (SED), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), and physical activity (RW, for "running wheel"). Cognitive function (recognition and spatial memory), oxidative stress parameters, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were evaluated. MICT mice exhibited enhanced recognition memory compared to SED mice (p = .046) and other exercised groups (HIIT: p < .001; RW: p = .003; RT: p < .001). The RT group showed better spatial memory compared to the SED (p = .004), MICT (p = .019), and RW (p = .003) groups. RW, MICT, HIIT, and RT training models reduced nitrites in the hippocampus compared to the SED group. RT led to a significant increase in both lipid peroxidation (p = .01) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < .001) levels compared to the SED group in the hippocampus. MICT promoted an increase in catalase (CAT) activity (p = .002), while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was diminished by RT compared to MICT and HIIT (p = .008). In the cerebral cortex, RT increased ROS levels, but exhibited the lowest lipid peroxidation level among the groups (p < .001). The RW group showed an activity-induced increase in lipid peroxidation level compared to the SED group, and the highest level of CAT activity among all groups (p < .001). AChE activity was higher in the RT group compared to the SED, MICT, and RW groups (p = .039) in the cerebral cortex. In summary, nitrite levels in the hippocampus were decreased in all intervention groups regardless of activity or exercise model. Likewise, MICT improved recognition memory besides increasing CAT activity. We conclude that the MICT and RT protocols seem to act as oxidative stress regulators and non-pharmacological strategies to improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan Feter
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luiza Spohr
- Post-graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Stark Pedra
- Post-graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Post-graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Airton José Rombaldi
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, Brazil
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21
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Hebisz P, Hebisz R, Murawska-Ciałowicz E, Zatoń M. Changes in exercise capacity and serum BDNF following long-term sprint interval training in well-trained cyclists. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:499-506. [PMID: 30286300 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The study determined the effects of sprint interval training on the acute and chronic changes of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and aerobic capacity. Twenty-six cyclists were divided into experimental (E) and control groups. Both groups executed a 6-month exercise intervention involving high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous endurance training (CET) with group E replacing HIIT and CET sessions with sprint interval training (SIT) that was executed twice a week. Two exercise tests were administered prior to the intervention and at 2 and 6 months after study outset. Incremental exercise test assessed aerobic capacity by measuring maximal oxygen uptake and work output; the sprint interval exercise test (SIXT) comprises 3 sets of four 30-s all-out repetitions interspersed with 90 s of rest with sets separated by 25-40 min of active recovery. Oxygen uptake, work output, BDNF, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) concentrations (baseline, 10 min after first set, and 10 and 60 min after third SIXT set) were taken during the SIXT. Significant decreases in BDNF relative to baseline values were observed 10 min after the first set and 60 min after the third set in group E at the 2- and 6-month assessments. Increases in baseline VEGF-A after 2 and 6 months of training and increases in maximal oxygen uptake after 2 months of training were also observed only in group E. The inclusion of SIT with HIIT and CET shows positive long-term effects, including increased maximal oxygen uptake and baseline VEGF-A and a reduction in BDNF below baseline levels during and after SIXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Hebisz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, 35 J.I. Paderewski Avenue, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, 35 J.I. Paderewski Avenue, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Hebisz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, 35 J.I. Paderewski Avenue, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, 35 J.I. Paderewski Avenue, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, 35 J.I. Paderewski Avenue, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, 35 J.I. Paderewski Avenue, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Zatoń
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, 35 J.I. Paderewski Avenue, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, 35 J.I. Paderewski Avenue, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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22
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Żebrowska A, Hall B, Maszczyk A, Banaś R, Urban J. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin like growth factor-1 and inflammatory cytokine responses to continuous and intermittent exercise in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 144:126-136. [PMID: 30179684 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an important risk factor for cognitive decline and motor dysfunction due to progressive muscular atrophy. Chronic hyperglycemia may be responsible for impaired vascular function, loss of muscle mass, and morphological abnormalities in the myocytes. For the proper functioning of the neuromuscular system, two crucial growth factors are necessary: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), whose reduced expressions have been implicated in progressive neuropathy and muscle atrophy in patients with T1DM. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of two different exercise regimes (continuous and intermittent) on BDNF, IGF-1, blood glucose and inflammatory cytokine responses in young adults with and without Type 1 diabetes. METHODS Fourteen patients (aged: 26.9 years) with T1DM and age-matched adults without diabetes participated in a 40 min continuous exercise (ExC, 50% of lactate threshold) and a high intensity intermittent exercise (ExInt, 120% of lactate threshold). During the study the patients performed self-monitoring of blood glucose levels (SMBG) under glycemic control. The effects of ExC and ExInt on BDNF, IGF-1, insulin like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-3), insulin (INS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed. RESULTS BDNF and IGF-1 baseline serum levels were significantly lower in the T1DM patients compared to the healthy controls, but we found that ExInt and ExC significantly increase the secretion of BDNF and IGF-1 levels. Significant increases in BDNF and TGF-β levels, higher blood glucose decline, and a lower incidence of hypoglycaemia in ExInt compared to ExC were observed. Lower IGFBP-3 concentrations were revealed in T1DM patients in response to ExInt compared to ExC, suggesting a positive effect on IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio and the bioavailability of IGF-1. CONCLUSIONS According to our results physical exercise has beneficial effects on serum BDNF and IGF-1 levels. A high-intensity intermittent exercise may be more effective at reducing the risk of exercise-induced glycaemic disorders in the T1DM patients as compared to continuous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Żebrowska
- Department of Physiological and Medical Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72A, 40-063 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Barbara Hall
- School of Health Science, University of Salford, Allerton Building, Frederick Road Campus, Salford M6 6PU, England, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Maszczyk
- Department of Sports Theory, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72A, 40-063 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Rafał Banaś
- Hospital and Health Center, Hospital Road Box 507, Chetwynd, BC V0C 1J0, Canada
| | - Joanna Urban
- Department of Biological Science, Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada.
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23
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Capillary glycaemia responses to strength exercises performed before or after high-intensity interval exercise in Type 1 diabetes under real-life settings. Complement Ther Med 2018; 40:116-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Pardue MT, Allen RS. Neuroprotective strategies for retinal disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 65:50-76. [PMID: 29481975 PMCID: PMC6081194 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diseases that affect the eye, including photoreceptor degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma, affect 11.8 million people in the US, resulting in vision loss and blindness. Loss of sight affects patient quality of life and puts an economic burden both on individuals and the greater healthcare system. Despite the urgent need for treatments, few effective options currently exist in the clinic. Here, we review research on promising neuroprotective strategies that promote neuronal survival with the potential to protect against vision loss and retinal cell death. Due to the large number of neuroprotective strategies, we restricted our review to approaches that we had direct experience with in the laboratory. We focus on drugs that target survival pathways, including bile acids like UDCA and TUDCA, steroid hormones like progesterone, therapies that target retinal dopamine, and neurotrophic factors. In addition, we review rehabilitative methods that increase endogenous repair mechanisms, including exercise and electrical stimulation therapies. For each approach, we provide background on the neuroprotective strategy, including history of use in other diseases; describe potential mechanisms of action; review the body of research performed in the retina thus far, both in animals and in humans; and discuss considerations when translating each treatment to the clinic and to the retina, including which therapies show the most promise for each retinal disease. Despite the high incidence of retinal diseases and the complexity of mechanisms involved, several promising neuroprotective treatments provide hope to prevent blindness. We discuss attractive candidates here with the goal of furthering retinal research in critical areas to rapidly translate neuroprotective strategies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machelle T Pardue
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Rachael S Allen
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
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Domínguez-Sanchéz MA, Bustos-Cruz RH, Velasco-Orjuela GP, Quintero AP, Tordecilla-Sanders A, Correa-Bautista JE, Triana-Reina HR, García-Hermoso A, González-Ruíz K, Peña-Guzmán CA, Hernández E, Peña-Ibagon JC, Téllez-T LA, Izquierdo M, Ramírez-Vélez R. Acute Effects of High Intensity, Resistance, or Combined Protocol on the Increase of Level of Neurotrophic Factors in Physically Inactive Overweight Adults: The BrainFit Study. Front Physiol 2018; 9:741. [PMID: 29997519 PMCID: PMC6030369 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the neurotrophic factor response following one session of high-intensity exercise, resistance training or both in a cohort of physically inactive overweight adults aged 18–30 years old. A randomized, parallel-group clinical trial of 51 men (23.6 ± 3.5 years; 83.5 ± 7.8 kg; 28.0 ± 1.9 kg/m2) who are physically inactive (i.e., < 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week or IPAQ score of <600 MET min/week for >6 months) and are either abdominally obese (waist circumference ≥90 cm) or have a body mass index, BMI ≥25 and ≤ 30 kg/m2 were randomized to the following four exercise protocols: high-intensity exercise (4 × 4 min intervals at 85–95% maximum heart rate [HRmax] interspersed with 4 min of recovery at 75–85% HRmax) (n = 14), resistance training (12–15 repetitions per set, at 50–70% of one repetition maximum with 60 s of recovery) (n = 12), combined high-intensity and resistance exercise (n = 13), or non-exercising control (n = 12). The plasma levels of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (also known as neurotrophin 4/5; NT-4 or NT-4/5), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined before (pre-exercise) and 1-min post-exercise for each protocol session. Resistance training induced significant increases in NT-3 (+39.6 ng/mL [95% CI, 2.5–76.6; p = 0.004], and NT-4/5 (+1.3 ng/mL [95% CI, 0.3–2.3; p = 0.014]), respectively. Additionally, combined training results in favorable effects on BDNF (+22.0, 95% CI, 2.6–41.5; p = 0.029) and NT-3 (+32.9 ng/mL [95% CI, 12.3–53.4; p = 0.004]), respectively. The regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between changes in BDNF levels and changes in NT-4/5 levels from baseline to immediate post-exercise in the combined training group (R2 = 0.345, p = 0.034) but not the other intervention groups. The findings indicate that acute resistance training and combined exercise increase neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults. Further studies are required to determine the biological importance of changes in neurotrophic responses in overweight men and chronic effects of these exercise protocols. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02915913 (Date: September 22, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Domínguez-Sanchéz
- Grupo de Investigación Movimiento Corporal Humano, Facultad de Enfermería y Rehabilitación, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Rosa H Bustos-Cruz
- Evidence-Based Therapeutic Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gina P Velasco-Orjuela
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrea P Quintero
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Tordecilla-Sanders
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge E Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Héctor R Triana-Reina
- Grupo GICAEDS, Programa de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine González-Ruíz
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Facultad de Salud, Programa de Fisioterapia, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Peña-Guzmán
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación INAM-USTA Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Enrique Hernández
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jhonatan C Peña-Ibagon
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis A Téllez-T
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarrabiomed, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Vieira JM, Carvalho FB, Gutierres JM, Soares MSP, Oliveira PS, Rubin MA, Morsch VM, Schetinger MR, Spanevello RM. Caffeine prevents high-intensity exercise-induced increase in enzymatic antioxidant and Na+-K+-ATPase activities and reduction of anxiolytic like-behaviour in rats. Redox Rep 2017; 22:493-500. [DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1322739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juliano M. Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiano B. Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessié M. Gutierres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayara S. P. Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Pathise S. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maribel A. Rubin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera M. Morsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselia M. Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Araki S, Yamamoto Y, Saito R, Kawakita A, Eguchi M, Goto M, Kubo K, Kawagoe R, Kawada Y, Kusuhara K. Plasma but not serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration is decreased by oral glucose tolerance test-induced hyperglycemia in children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 30:525-530. [PMID: 28328533 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding the relationships among circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and glucose or insulin in children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate whether circulating BDNF levels would change during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). METHODS We performed the OGTT and measured the serial changes in BDNF levels in both plasma and serum. RESULTS There were 22 subjects in the normal type (N) group and 20 in the borderline/diabetic type (B/D) group, defined by the results of the OGTT. Serum levels of BDNF were almost five times higher and plasma levels gradually decreased during the OGTT, whereas serum levels showed no significant change. The reduction of plasma BDNF level changes from baseline to 120 min were significantly different between the N and B/D groups (36.3% vs. 20.8%, p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that plasma levels of BDNF are more sensitive to acute changes in glucose or insulin levels than serum.
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28
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The Effect of Exercise Training on Resting Concentrations of Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF): A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163037. [PMID: 27658238 PMCID: PMC5033477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms through which physical activity supports healthy brain function remain to be elucidated. One hypothesis suggests that increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediates some cognitive and mood benefits. This meta-analysis sought to determine the effect of exercise training on resting concentrations of BDNF in peripheral blood. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source, and CINAHL databases were searched for original, peer-reviewed reports of peripheral blood BDNF concentrations before and after exercise interventions ≥ 2 weeks. Risk of bias was assessed using standardized criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were generated from random effects models. Risk of publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored in subgroup analyses. Results In 29 studies that met inclusion criteria, resting concentrations of peripheral blood BDNF were higher after intervention (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.60, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses suggested a significant effect in aerobic (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.33–0.99, p < 0.001) but not resistance training (SMD = 0.07, 95% CI: -0.15–0.30, p = 0.52) interventions. No significant difference in effect was observed between males and females, nor in serum vs plasma. Conclusion Aerobic but not resistance training interventions increased resting BDNF concentrations in peripheral blood.
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Rao R, Ennis K, Mitchell EP, Tran PV, Gewirtz JC. Recurrent Moderate Hypoglycemia Suppresses Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Prefrontal Cortex and Impairs Sensorimotor Gating in the Posthypoglycemic Period in Young Rats. Dev Neurosci 2016; 38:74-82. [PMID: 26820887 DOI: 10.1159/000442878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent hypoglycemia is common in infants and children. In developing rat models, recurrent moderate hypoglycemia leads to neuronal injury in the medial prefrontal cortex. To understand the effects beyond neuronal injury, 3-week-old male rats were subjected to 5 episodes of moderate hypoglycemia (blood glucose concentration, approx. 30 mg/dl for 90 min) once daily from postnatal day 24 to 28. Neuronal injury was determined using Fluoro-Jade B histochemistry on postnatal day 29. The effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its cognate receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) expression, which is critical for prefrontal cortex development, were determined on postnatal day 29 and at adulthood. The effects on prefrontal cortex-mediated function were determined by assessing the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex on postnatal day 29 and 2 weeks later, and by testing for fear-potentiated startle at adulthood. Recurrent hypoglycemia led to neuronal injury confined primarily to the medial prefrontal cortex. BDNF/TrkB expression in the prefrontal cortex was suppressed on postnatal day 29 and was accompanied by lower prepulse inhibition, suggesting impaired sensorimotor gating. Following the cessation of recurrent hypoglycemia, the prepulse inhibition had recovered at 2 weeks. BDNF/TrkB expression in the prefrontal cortex had normalized and fear-potentiated startle was intact at adulthood. Recurrent moderate hypoglycemia during development has significant adverse effects on the prefrontal cortex in the posthypoglycemic period.
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