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Guo Y, Yin T, Wang X, Zhang F, Pan G, Lv H, Wang X, Owoicho Orgah J, Zhu Y, Wu H. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the genus Cimicifuga: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:264-282. [PMID: 28826891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants of the genus Cimicifuga have long been used as an ethnomedicine in China, Europe, and North America for its high medicinal value and health benefits. Their dried rhizomes are widely used for treating wind-heat headache, toothache, aphtha, sore throat, measles, spot poison, archoptosis, and uterine prolapse. In addition, it is used as a dietary supplement for preventing women menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis. AIM OF THE REVIEW This paper aims to provide up-to-date information on the genus Cimicifuga, including botanical characterization, medicinal resources, traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacological research as well as the toxicology. The possible structural-activity relationships and molecular mechanisms of the bioactive constituents are discussed in ways that contribute to the structural optimization and preclinical safety assessment for further drug design. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant information on Cimicifuga was collected from scientific databases (such as Google Scholar, PubMed, SciFinder Scholar, Science Direct, CNKI, Baidu Scholar, Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database), Chinese herbal classics, ethnobotanical books, PhD and MSc dissertations, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, published articles in peer-reviewed journals, local magazines, and unpublished materials. In addition, the Plant List (TPL, www.theplantlist.org) was also used to validate the scientific names and synonyms of this plant. The literature cited in this review dated from 1953 to 2017. RESULTS The majority of chemical constituents of this plant include triterpenoid glycosides, phenylpropanoids, nitrogenous compounds, chromones, flavonoids and 4α-methyl steroid. Among them, the primary bioactive constituents are believed to be present in the triterpene glycoside fraction. To date, investigation of seven Cimicifuga spp. plants led to the identification of more than 457 compounds. Years of pharmacological research proved that the crude extracts and certain pure compounds obtained from Cimicifuga exhibited menopausal syndrome-treatment, anti-osteoporosis, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidant and antiangiogenic activities. On the other hand, Cimicifuga plant-induced toxicities of liver, cardiovascular, central and peripheral nervous systems have also been reported. Therefore, safety consideration should be placed into a high priority for herbal medicine Cimicifuga therapy in the early stages of development and clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS This review presents information on botany, medicinal resources, and traditional medicinal history of some Cimicifuga plants. Modern pharmacology researchers have validated many traditional uses of Cimicifuga species. As the quality control and safety assessment of Cimicifuga plants is still incomplete, only a small part of the plant is permitted to be used as medicines. Expansion of medicinal resources in Cimicifuga is urgently needed to enable its full use. Currently research primarily focuses on the triterpenoid glycosides but there are many other types of compounds which may possess new biological activities however the systematic studies of these compounds are lacking. Extensive study is required on Cimicifuga plant before it can be fully used in clinics as a potent drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Guo
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Tong Yin
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China.
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China.
| | - Hong Lv
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Xianrui Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - John Owoicho Orgah
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China.
| | - Honghua Wu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China.
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Study of the Hypoglycemic Activity of Derivatives of Isoflavones from Cicer arietinum L. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8746823. [PMID: 28421123 PMCID: PMC5379092 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8746823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chickpea, a food and medicine used by the people of Xinjiang, has a beneficial hypoglycemic effect. To better utilize this national resource and develop hypoglycemic agents from components of the chickpea, a series of new derivatives of isoflavone compounds from the chickpea were synthesized. An insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cell model was used to screen the hypoglycemic activities of these compounds. And the structure-activity relationships of these compounds were explored. Additionally, several combinations of these compound displayed higher hypoglycemic activity than any single compound, and they had similar hypoglycemic activity to that of the positive control group (p > 0.05). In addition, combination 3 and combination 6 exerted different effects on the insulin sensitivity of H4IIE cells stimulated with resistin. And the results indicated that combination 3 would have higher hypoglycemic activity. These findings demonstrate the characteristics of multiple components and targets of Chinese herbal medicine. This evidence may provide new ideas for the development of hypoglycemic drugs.
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Yeggoni DP, Rachamallu A, Subramanyam R. A comparative binding mechanism between human serum albumin and α-1-acid glycoprotein with corilagin: biophysical and computational approach. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06837e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between corilagin and serum proteins was studied by biophysical and molecular dynamics techniques which in turn provides valuable information about the interaction of phytochemical corilagin with serum proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad 500046
- India
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Meeprom A, Sompong W, Suantawee T, Thilavech T, Chan CB, Adisakwattana S. Isoferulic acid prevents methylglyoxal-induced protein glycation and DNA damage by free radical scavenging activity. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:346. [PMID: 26438049 PMCID: PMC4594996 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoferulic acid (IFA), a naturally occurring cinnamic acid derivative, is a main active ingredient of the rhizoma of Cimicifuga dahurica. It has been shown various pharmacological activities. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of IFA against MG-induced protein glycation and oxidative DNA damage. Free radical scavenging activity and the MGO-trapping abilities of IFA were also investigated. METHODS The fluorescent MG-derived AGEs and non-fluorescent N(ε)-(carboxymethyl) lysine (N(ε)-CML) was measured using a spectrofluorometer and an enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Protein carbonyl content was used to detect protein oxidation. Gel electrophoresis was used to determine DNA damage. Superoxide anion radicals and hydroxyl radicals were determined using cytochrome c reduction assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive 2-deoxy-D-ribose oxidation products, respectively. The MG-trapping capacity was performed by HPLC. RESULTS IFA (1.25-5 mM) inhibited the formation of fluorescent MG-derived AGEs, and N(ε)-CML, and protein carbonyl in bovine serum albumin. In addition, IFA (0.1-1 mM) also prevented MG/lysine-mediated oxidative DNA damage in the presence and absence of copper ion. The protective ability of IFA was directly correlated to inhibition of hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical generation during the reaction of MG and lysine. Most notably, IFA had no the directly trapping ability to MG. CONCLUSIONS The present results highlighted that free radical scavenging activity, but not the MG-trapping ability, is the mechanism of IFA for preventing MG-induced protein glycation and DNA damage.
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Shen KP, Su CH, Lu TM, Lai MN, Ng LT. Effects of Grifola frondosa non-polar bioactive components on high-fat diet fed and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:705-709. [PMID: 25431253 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.939290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Consumption of medicinal mushrooms for disease prevention and maintaining health has a very long history in Asia. Grifola frondosa (Fr) S.F. Gray (GF) (Meripilaceae) is a medicinal fungus popularly used for enhancing immune systems, lowering blood glucose, and improving spleen, stomach, and nerve functions. OBJECTIVE This study examines the hypoglycemic effects of GF in vitro and in vivo, and analyzes the chemical profiles of its bioactive components. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro hypoglycemic effects of GF was evaluated enzymatically using α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays, whereas in vivo study was conducted on high-fat diet fed and streptozotocin (HFD + STZ)-induced hyperglycemic mice. GC-MS was used to determine the chemical profiles of bioactive components. RESULTS The non-polar fraction of GF exhibited a stronger anti-α-glucosidase activity (IC50: 0.0332 mg/ml) than acarbose, but its anti-α-amylase activity (IC50: 0.671 mg/ml) was weaker. Oral administration of GF at 600 mg/kg (GF600) significantly lowered the blood glucose, HbA1c, average blood glucose, and serum total cholesterol levels in hyperglycemic mice. Although GF was found to contain mainly oleic acid and linoleic acid, their levels in the fungus were low, suggesting that the effects of GF on HFD + STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice could be due to factors other than these fatty acids. CONCLUSION These results conclude that GF possesses anti-α-glucosidase activity, and hypoglycemic effect in HFD + STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ping Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University , Pingtung , Taiwan
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New 9,19-cycloartenol glycosides isolated from the roots of Cimicifuga simplex and their anti-inflammatory effects. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5688-5691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Acerinol, a cyclolanstane triterpenoid from Cimicifuga acerina, reverses ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance in HepG2/ADM and MCF-7/ADR cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 733:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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El-Abhar HS, Schaalan MF. Phytotherapy in diabetes: Review on potential mechanistic perspectives. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:176-197. [PMID: 24748931 PMCID: PMC3990312 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widely spread epidemic disease that results from the absence of insulin, decreased secretion and/or impaired function. Since DM is a multi-factorial disease, the available pharmaceuticals, despite their sensible treatment, target mostly one pathway to control hyperglycemia and encounter several side effects. Therefore, new therapeutic paradigms aim to hit several pathways using only one agent. Traditionally, antidiabetic plants and/or their active constituents may fulfill this need. More than 200 species of plants possess antidiabetic properties which were evaluated mostly by screening tests without digging far for the exact mode of action. Searching among the different literature resources and various database and in view of the above aspects, the present article provides a comprehensive review on the available antidiabetic plants that have been approved by pharmacological and clinical evaluations, and which their mechanism(s) of action is assured. These plants are categorized according to their proved mode of action and are classified into those that act by inhibiting glucose absorption from intestine, increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas, inhibiting glucose production from hepatocytes, or enhancing glucose uptake by adipose and muscle tissues. The current review also highlights those that mimic in their action the new peptide analogs, such as exenatide, liraglutide and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors that increase glucagon-like peptide-1 serum concentration and slow down the gastric emptying.
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Dilshara MG, Lee KT, Jayasooriya RGPT, Kang CH, Park SR, Choi YH, Choi IW, Hyun JW, Chang WY, Kim YS, Lee HJ, Kim GY. Downregulation of NO and PGE2 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by trans-isoferulic acid via suppression of PI3K/Akt-dependent NF-κB and activation of Nrf2-mediated HO-1. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 18:203-11. [PMID: 24291391 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about whether trans-isoferulic acid (TIA) regulates the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory mediators. Therefore, we examined the effect of TIA isolated from Clematis mandshurica on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in BV2 microglial cells. We found that TIA inhibited the production of LPS-induced NO and PGE2 without accompanying cytotoxicity in BV2 microglial cells. TIA also downregulated the expression levels of specific regulatory genes such as inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by suppressing LPS-induced NF-κB activity via dephosphorylation of PI3K/Akt. In addition, we demonstrated that a specific NF-κB inhibitor PDTC and a selective PI3K/Akt inhibitor, LY294002 effectively attenuated the expression of LPS-stimulated iNOS and COX-2 mRNA, while LY294002 suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activity, suggesting that TIA attenuates the expression of these proinflammatory genes by suppressing PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB activity. Our results showed that TIA suppressed NO and PGE2 production through the induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Taken together, our data indicate that TIA suppresses the production of proinflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2, as well as their regulatory genes, in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells, by inhibiting PI3K/Akt-dependent NF-κB activity and enhancing Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matharage Gayani Dilshara
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Ara-1 Dong, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tae Lee
- Division of Wood Chemistry & Microbiology, Department of Forest Products, Korea Forest Research Institute, 57 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-712, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chang-Hee Kang
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Ara-1 Dong, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Rul Park
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Ara-1 Dong, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-050, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Young Chang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Su Kim
- Management Strategy Team, Korea Forestry Promotion Institute, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-914, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Ju Lee
- Division of Wood Chemistry & Microbiology, Department of Forest Products, Korea Forest Research Institute, 57 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Ara-1 Dong, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Jia L, Jin H, Zhou J, Chen L, Lu Y, Ming Y, Yu Y. A potential anti-tumor herbal medicine, Corilagin, inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth through blocking the TGF-β signaling pathways. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:33. [PMID: 23410205 PMCID: PMC3598193 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Phyllanthus niruri L. is a well-known hepatoprotective and antiviral medicinal herb. Recently, we identified Corilagin as a major active component with anti-tumor activity in this herbal medicine. Corilagin is a member of the tannin family that has been discovered in many medicinal plants and has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent. However, there have been few reports of the anti-tumor effects of Corilagin, and its anti-tumor mechanism has not been investigated clearly. The aim of the present study is to investigate the anticancer properties of Corilagin in ovarian cancer cells. Methods The ovarian cancer cell lines SKOv3ip, Hey and HO-8910PM were treated with Corilagin and analyzed by Sulforhodamine B (SRB) cell proliferation assay, flow cytometry, and reverse phase protein array (RPPA). Corilagin was delivered intraperitoneally to mice bearing SKOv3ip xenografts. Results Corilagin inhibited the growth of the ovarian cancer cell lines SKOv3ip and Hey, with IC50 values of less than 30 μM, while displaying low toxicity against normal ovarian surface epithelium cells, with IC50 values of approximately 160 μM. Corilagin induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M stage and enhanced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Immunoblotting assays demonstrated that Cyclin B1, Myt1, Phospho-cdc2 and Phospho-Weel were down-regulated after Corilagin treatment. Xenograft tumor growth was significantly lower in the Corilagin-treated group compared with the untreated control group (P <0.05). More interestingly, Corilagin inhibited TGF-β secretion into the culture supernatant of all tested ovarian cancer cell lines and blocked the TGF-β-induced stabilization of Snail. In contrast, a reduction of TGF-β secretion was not observed in cancer cells treated with the cytotoxic drug Paclitaxel, suggesting that Corilagin specifically targets TGF-β secretion. Corilagin blocked the activation of both the canonical Smad and non-canonical ERK/AKT pathways. Conclusions Corilagin extracted from Phyllanthus niruri L. acts as a natural, effective therapeutic agent against the growth of ovarian cancer cells via targeted action against the TGF-β/AKT/ERK/Smad signaling pathways.
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Huang CH, Chen MF, Chung HH, Cheng JT. Antihyperglycemic effect of syringaldehyde in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1465-8. [PMID: 22880723 DOI: 10.1021/np3003723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The antihyperglycemic effect of syringaldehyde (1), purified from the stems of Hibiscus taiwanensis, was investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ-diabetic rats) showing type-1 like diabetes mellitus. Bolus intravenous injection of 1 showed antihyperglycemic activity in a dose-dependent manner in STZ-diabetic rats. An effective dose of 7.2 mg/kg of 1 attenuated significantly the increase of plasma glucose induced by an intravenous glucose challenge test in normal rats. A glucose uptake test showed that 1 exhibits an increase of glucose uptake activity in a concentration-related manner. Moreover, an effect by 1 was shown for insulin sensitivity in STZ-diabetic rats. The compound was found to increase insulin sensitivity in STZ-diabetic rats. These results suggest that syringaldehyde (1) can increase glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity to lower plasma glucose in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Huang
- Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture Executive, Taichung, Taiwan 40512
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George C, Lochner A, Huisamen B. The efficacy of Prosopis glandulosa as antidiabetic treatment in rat models of diabetes and insulin resistance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:298-304. [PMID: 21645608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes mellitus is rampantly increasing and the need for therapeutics is crucial. In recognition of this, untested antidiabetic agents are flooding the market. Diavite™ which is a product consisting solely of the dried and ground pods of Prosopis glandulosa (Torr.) [Fabaceae] is currently marketed as a food supplement with glucose stabilizing properties. However, these are anecdotal claims lacking scientific evidence. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Prosopis glandulosa as an antidiabetic agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were rendered (a) type 1 diabetic after an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg) and (b) insulin resistant after a 16-week high caloric diet (DIO). Zucker fa/fa ZDF rats were used in a pilot study. Half of each group of animals was placed on Prosopis glandulosa treatment (100mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks and the remaining animals served as age-matched controls. At the time of sacrifice, blood was collected for glucose and insulin level determination, the pancreata of the STZ rats were harvested for histological analysis and cardiomyocytes prepared from the DIO and Zucker fa/fa hearts for determination of insulin sensitivity. RESULTS Type 1 diabetic model: Prosopis glandulosa treatment resulted in significant increased insulin levels (p<0.001), which was accompanied by a significant decrease in blood glucose levels (p<0.05). Additionally, Prosopis glandulosa treatment resulted in increased small β-cells (p<0.001) in the pancreata. The body weight of the STZ animals decreased significantly after STZ injection, with Prosopis glandulosa treatment partially preventing this. Zucker fa/fa rats: Prosopis glandulosa treatment significantly reduced fasting glucose levels (p<0.01) and improved IPGTT, when comparing treated to untreated animals. DIO insulin resistant model: Prosopis glandulosa treatment resulted in an increased basal (p<0.01) and insulin-stimulated (p<0.05) glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes prepared from this group. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that Prosopis glandulosa treatment moderately lowers glucose levels in different animal models of diabetes, stimulates insulin secretion, leads to the formation of small β-cells and improves insulin sensitivity of isolated cardiomyocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin Resistance
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Male
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Plant Preparations/pharmacology
- Prosopis
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Rats, Zucker
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- C George
- MRC Cape Heart Centre, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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Kuang H, Su Y, Yang B, Xia Y, Wang Q, Wang Z, Yu Z. Three New Cycloartenol Triterpenoid Saponins from the Roots of Cimicifuga simplex Wormsk. Molecules 2011; 16:4348-57. [PMID: 21613976 PMCID: PMC6264577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16064348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new cycloartenol triterpene saponins, named shengmaxinsides A-C, have been isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of an ethanol extract of Cimicifuga simplex Wormsk roots. Their structures were established by chemical tests and detailed spectroscopic analysis as 25-O-acetyl-7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (1), 7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (2) and 7,8-didehydro-24S-O-acetylhydroshengmanol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (3), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
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Fang ZZ, Nian Y, Li W, Wu JJ, Ge GB, Dong PP, Zhang YY, Qiu MH, Liu L, Yang L. Cycloartane triterpenoids from Cimicifuga yunnanensis induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells (MCF7) via p53-dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2011; 25:17-24. [PMID: 20564500 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the antitumor activity of five cycloartane triterpenoids isolated from Cimicifuga yunnanensis on the breast cancer cell line MCF7 and its corresponding drug resistant subline R-MCF7, including cimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (compound 1), 25-O-acetylcimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (compound 2), 25-chlorodeoxycimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (compound 3), 25-O-acetylcimigenol-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (compound 4) and 23-O-acetylcimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (compound 5). The results showed that compounds 2-5 have relatively high antitumor activity on both MCF7 and R-MCF7 cells. The involvement of apoptosis as a major cause of cycloartane triterpenoids-induced cell death was further confirmed. The results of RT-PCR showed that compounds 2-5 increased the expression of p53 and bax, which led to the loss of mitochondrial potential and then resulted in the activation of caspase-7. These findings collectively demonstrated that compounds 2-5 induced apoptosis of MCF7 via p53-dependent mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ze Fang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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Moon L, Ha YM, Jang HJ, Kim HS, Jun MS, Kim YM, Lee YS, Lee DH, Son KH, Kim HJ, Seo HG, Lee JH, Kim YS, Chang KC. Isoimperatorin, cimiside E and 23-O-acetylshengmanol-3-xyloside from Cimicifugae rhizome inhibit TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression in human endothelial cells: involvement of PPAR-γ upregulation and PI3K, ERK1/2, and PKC signal pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:336-44. [PMID: 20937376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The methanol extract of Cimicifugae Rhizome has been traditionally used in various disorders including inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study is to explore whether anti-inflammatory action of 3 active compounds, two triterpenoid glycosides (cimiside E, 23-O-actylshengmanol-3-xyloside) and one furanocoumarin (isoimperatorin), isolated from Cimicifugae Rhizome is related with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) expression in human umbilical endothelial cell line, EA.hy926 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability and production of reactive oxygen species were performed. In addition, adhesion of monocyte into endothelial cells and western blot for expression of adhesion molecules and signal proteins were investigated in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-activated cells. RESULTS Pretreatment of test compounds significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), but not intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Three compounds all dose-dependently increased not only PPAR-γ expression in EA.hy926 cells but inhibited TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of Akt, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase C (PKC) with different specificity. Finally, they prevented TNF-α-induced adhesion of U937 monocytic cells to EA.hy926 cells. CONCLUSIONS The present results show that cimiside E, 23-O-actylshengmanol-3-xyloside, isoimperatorin isolated from Cimicifugae Rhizome selectively inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of VCAM-1 at least by upregulation of PPAR-γ, and signals for ERK1/2, PI3K, and PKC are involved in this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiya Moon
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 92 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
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16
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Liu IM, Cheng JT. Mediation of Endogenous β-Endorphin in the Plasma Glucose-Lowering Action of Herbal Products Observed in Type 1-Like Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 2011:987876. [PMID: 19095661 PMCID: PMC3147137 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nen078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there have been advances in the development of new substances effective in managing diabetic disorders. Opioid receptors couple multiple systems to result in various biological effects, although opioids are best known for analgesia. In the present review, we used our recent data to describe the advance in plasma glucose-lowering action of herbal products, especially the mediation of β-endorphin in glucose homeostasis of insulin-deficient diabetes. In type 1-like streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, we identified many products purified from herbs that show a dose-dependent plasma glucose-lowering action. Increase in β-endorphin secretion from the adrenal gland may activate peripheral opioid μ-receptors (MOR) to enhance the expression of muscle glucose transporters and/or to reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis at the gene level, thereby leading to improved glucose utilization in peripheral tissues for amelioration of severe hyperglycemia. It has also been observed that stimulation of α(1)-adrenoceptors (α(1)-ARs) in the adrenal gland by some herbal products is responsible for the increase in β-endorphin secretion via a phospholipase C-protein kinase dependent pathway. However, an increase in β-endorphin secretion from the adrenal gland by herbal products can function via another receptor. New insights into the mediation of endogenous β-endorphin activation of peripheral MOR by herbal products for regulation of glucose homeostasis without the presence of insulin have been established. Therefore, an increase in β-endorphin secretion and/or direct stimulation of peripheral MOR via an insulin-independent action might serve as the potential target for development of a therapeutic agent or promising adjuvant in intensive plasma glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Yen-Pou, Ping Tung Shien, Taiwan
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17
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7,8-didehydrocimigenol from Cimicifugae rhizoma inhibits TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1expression through upregulation of PPAR-γ in human endothelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 49:166-72. [PMID: 20946932 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Activators of PPAR have been demonstrated to inhibit the induction of VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 in human endothelial cells (EC). During the screening of anti-inflammatory activity of traditional herbs, we found 7,8-didehydrocimigenol (7,8-DHC), one of active triterpenoids of Cimicifugae rhizoma (C. rhizoma) increases PPAR-γ expression in EC in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Therefore, we asked whether 7,8-DHC selectively inhibits the expression of VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 in TNF-α-activated EC via upregulation of PPAR-γ. Treatment with 7,8-DHC or PPAR-γ agonists (GW1929, troglitazone) inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1. Furthermore, the selective inhibition of VCAM-1 expression was inhibited by PPAR-γ antagonist, GW9662, or siPPAR-γ-transfected cells. 7,8-DHC significantly inhibited NF-kB activity via inhibition of phosphorylation of IkB and it also inhibited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt but not PKC. Finally, attachment of monocytes (U937) to EC by TNF-α was significantly reduced by 7,8-DHC. These results indicate that upregualtion of PPAR-γ by 7,8-DHC in EC inhibits NF-kB activity of TNF-α-activated EC which leads to selective inhibition of VCAM-1 expression. In addition, ERK1/2 and Akt signal pathways are involved in differential regulation by 7,8-DHC. We concluded that 7,8-DHC can be used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis.
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Huang WJ, Niu HS, Lin MH, Cheng JT, Hsu FL. Antihyperglycemic effect of catalpol in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1170-1172. [PMID: 20518543 DOI: 10.1021/np9008317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The antihyperglycemic effect of catalpol (1) purified from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa was investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ-diabetic rats) representing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Bolus intravenous injection of 1 showed antihyperglycemic activity in a dose-dependent manner in STZ-diabetic rats. An effective dose of 0.1 mg/kg 1 significantly attenuated the increase of plasma glucose induced by an intravenous glucose challenge test in normal rats. Catalpol enhanced the uptake of radioactive glucose in the isolated soleus muscle of STZ-diabetic rats in a concentration-related manner. Moreover, an effect by 1 was established on glycogen incorporation in hepatocytes isolated from STZ-diabetic rats. Catalpol was found to increase glycogen synthesis in STZ-diabetic rats. These results suggest that 1 can increase glucose utilization to lower plasma glucose in diabetic rats lacking insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Republic of China
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20
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Efficient synthesis of functionalized dibenzofurans by domino ‘twofold Heck/6π-electrocyclization’ reactions of 2,3-di- and 2,3,5-tribromobenzofuran. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Nian Y, Chen JC, Lu L, Zhang XM, Zhou L, Qiu MH. Four New 9,19-Cyclolanostane Derivatives from the Rhizomes ofCimicifuga yunnanensisHsiao. Helv Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200800231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Jiang B, Lyles JT, Reynertson KA, Kronenberg F, Kennelly EJ. Stability evaluation of selected polyphenols and triterpene glycosides in black cohosh. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:9510-9519. [PMID: 18817410 DOI: 10.1021/jf802481w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Black cohosh ( Actaea racemosa L., syn. Cimicifuga racemosa L.) is rich in both triterpene glycosides and polyphenols, which have various biological activities that may be important to its medical use. To evaluate the stability of the polyphenolic constituents and triterpene glycosides of black cohosh, experiments were conducted using three sample types: plant material, extracts of black cohosh, and encapsulated commercial extract. The samples were stored at various temperatures and humidity conditions. Three triterpene glycosides and six major polyphenols in black cohosh were quantitatively measured with an HPLC-PDA method at 0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks. The triterpene glycosides were stable at the tested conditions, whereas the polyphenols were stable only at room temperature and low humidity and not stable at higher temperature and/or humidity due to hydrolysis and/or oxidation. The rate of compound decomposition depended upon the chemical structure of the individual polyphenols. Polyphenols in the extracts decomposed more readily than those in plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468, USA
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23
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Adisakwattana S, Moonsan P, Yibchok-Anun S. Insulin-releasing properties of a series of cinnamic acid derivatives in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:7838-7844. [PMID: 18651742 DOI: 10.1021/jf801208t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamic acid derivatives are naturally occurring substances found in fruits, vegetables, and flowers and are consumed as dietary phenolic compounds. In the present study, cinnamic acid and its derivatives were evaluated for insulin secreting activity in perfused rat pancreas and pancreatic beta-cells (INS-1) as well as an increase in [Ca(2+)]i in vitro. The presence of m-hydroxy or p-methoxy residues on cinnamic acid was a significantly important substituent as an effective insulin releasing agent. The introduction of p-hydroxy and m-methoxy-substituted groups in cinnamic acid structure (ferulic acid) displayed the most potent insulin secreting agent among those of cinnamic acid derivatives. In particular, the stimulatory insulin secreting activities of test compounds were associated with a rise of [Ca(2+)]i in INS-1. In perfused rat pancreas, m-hydroxycinnamic acid, p-methoxycinnamic acid, and ferulic acid (100 microM) significantly stimulated insulin secretion during 10 min of administration. The onset time of insulin secretion of those compounds was less than 1 min and reached its peak at 4 min that was about 2.8-, 3.3-, and 3.4-fold of the baseline level, respectively. Intravenous administration of p-methoxycinnamic acid and ferulic acid (5 mg/kg) significantly decreased plasma glucose and increased insulin concentration in normal rats and maintained its level for 15 min until the end of experiment. Meanwhile, m-hydroxycinnamic acid induced a significant lowering of plasma glucose after 6 min, but the effects were transient with plasma glucose concentration, rapidly returning to basal levels. Our findings suggested that p-methoxycinnamic acid and ferulic acid may be beneficial for the treatment of diabetes mellitus because they regulated blood glucose level by stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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24
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Muhammad N, Ali S, Tahir MN, Zia-Ur-Rehman. 2-Methyl-3-(3-methyl-phen-yl)acrylic acid. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1373. [PMID: 21203095 PMCID: PMC2962008 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808019545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the title compound, C(11)H(12)O(2), consists of dimers which are formed due to inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding. The dimers are linked to each other by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, where C-H belongs to the benzene ring and the O atom is of a carbonyl group of an adjoining mol-ecule. There exist two inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds which form five-membered rings. There exist two π-π inter-actions between the benzene rings. The perpendicular distance in these inter-actions are 3.006 and 3.396 Å. There also exist C-H⋯π and C-O⋯π inter-actions.
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25
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Si D, Sun X, Qi D, Chen X, Bi K. Determination and pharmacokinetics of isoferulic acid in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography after oral administration of isoferulic acid and Rhizoma Cimicifugae extract. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Yang CM, Cheng HY, Lin TC, Chiang LC, Lin CC. Hippomanin A from acetone extract of Phyllanthus urinaria inhibited HSV-2 but not HSV-1 infection in vitro. Phytother Res 2008; 21:1182-6. [PMID: 17661333 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus urinaria Linnea (Euphorbiaceae) is a commonly used traditional medicinal plant in oriental countries and has been reported to possess various biological activities. Previously, the acetone extract and some pure compounds from P. urinaria were found to suppress herpes simplex virus (HSV). In this study, another two pure compounds were isolated from acetone extract of P. urinaria and were tested for their in vitro anti-HSV-1 and HSV-2 activities. The results showed that hippomanin A impeded HSV-2 but not HSV-1 infection. Corilagin, however, inhibited neither HSV-1 nor HSV-2 replication. The similarity between corilagin and hippomanin A in structure, but difference in antiviral activity, therefore, merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Min Yang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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27
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Chen SN, Fabricant DS, Pauli GF, Fong HHS, Farnsworth NR. Synthesis of Cimiracemate B, A Phenylpropanoid found in Cimicifuga racemosa. Nat Prod Res 2006; 19:287-90. [PMID: 15702643 DOI: 10.1080/14786410410001714650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the rare bioactive phenylpropanoid ester known as cimiracemate B (1) from black cohosh, Cimicifuga racemosa, is described. The procedure employs a coupling method using 1, l'-carbonyldiimidazole and methyltrifluoromethanesulfonate as coupling reagents in the presence of N-methylmorpholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Nong Chen
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS, M/C 877) and UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St. Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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28
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Mothana RAA, Mentel R, Reiss C, Lindequist U. Phytochemical screening and antiviral activity of some medicinal plants from the island Soqotra. Phytother Res 2006; 20:298-302. [PMID: 16557613 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Methanol and hot-aqueous extracts of 25 different plant species, used in Yemeni traditional medicine and growing, partly as endemic plants, on the island Soqotra have been investigated for their antiviral activity. In addition, the phytochemical identification of the main chemical constituents was performed. The extracts were assayed in two in vitro viral systems, which used influenza virus type A/MDCK cells and herpes simplex virus type 1/Vero cells, at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The herpes simplex virus type 1 showed more sensitivity than the influenza virus type A against the extracts investigated. The methanol extracts of Boswellia ameero, Boswellia elongata, Buxus hildebrandtii, Cissus hamaderohensis, Cleome socotrana, Dracaena cinnabari, Exacum affine, Jatropha unicostata and Kalanchoe farinacea showed anti-influenza virus type A activity with 50% inhibition (IC50) concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 12.5 microg/mL. In addition, 17 plants of the 25 investigated exhibited anti-HSV-1 activity. The antiviral activity of some active extracts was also observed on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi A A Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a-University, P.O. Box 33039, Sana'a-Yemen
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29
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Scalbert A, Manach C, Morand C, Rémésy C, Jiménez L. Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005; 45:287-306. [PMID: 16047496 DOI: 10.1080/1040869059096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1586] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet and are widespread constituents of fruits, vegetables, cereals, dry legumes, chocolate, and beverages, such as tea, coffee, or wine. Experimental studies on animals or cultured human cell lines support a role of polyphenols in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, or osteoporosis. However, it is very difficult to predict from these results the effects of polyphenol intake on disease prevention in humans. One of the reasons is that these studies have often been conducted at doses or concentrations far beyond those documented in humans. The few clinical studies on biomarkers of oxidative stress, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and tumor or bone resorption biomarkers have often led to contradictory results. Epidemiological studies have repeatedly shown an inverse association between the risk of myocardial infarction and the consumption of tea and wine or the intake level of some particular flavonoids, but no clear associations have been found between cancer risk and polyphenol consumption. More human studies are needed to provide clear evidence of their health protective effects and to better evaluate the risks possibly resulting from too high a polyphenol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Scalbert
- Laboratoire des Maladies Métaboliques et Micronutriments, INRA, Centre de Recherche de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, St-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Adisakwattana S, Roengsamran S, Hsu WH, Yibchok-anun S. Mechanisms of antihyperglycemic effect of p-methoxycinnamic acid in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci 2005; 78:406-12. [PMID: 16139846 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the antihyperglycemic effect of p-methoxycinnamic acid (p-MCA), a cinnamic acid derivative, on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, activities of hepatic glucose-regulating enzymes and hepatic glycogen content in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. p-MCA (10-100 mg/kg, PO) dose-dependently decreased plasma glucose concentration in both normal and diabetic rats in the oral glucose tolerance test. To investigate the chronic effects of p-MCA on glucose metabolism, p-MCA (40 mg/kg, PO) was administered to normal and diabetic rats once a day for 4 weeks. p-MCA reduced plasma glucose concentration in diabetic rats, which was observed during the 4-week study. However, p-MCA treatment did not change plasma glucose concentrations in normal rats during the 4-week study. p-MCA also reduced the excessive activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, hepatic hexokinase, glucokinase and phosphofructokinase in diabetic rats and increased hepatic glycogen in these rats. In p-MCA-treated normal rats, there were no changes in the activities of hepatic glucose-regulating enzymes, hepatic glycogen and glucose-6-phosphate. Our findings suggested that p-MCA exert its antihyperglycemic effect by increasing insulin secretion and glycolysis, and by decreasing gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. Henridunant-Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Tzeng TF, Liu IM, Lai TY, Tsai CC, Chang WC, Cheng JT. Loperamide increases glucose ultilization in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2004; 30:734-8. [PMID: 14516411 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
1. Loperamide has an ability to lower the plasma glucose concentration in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which loperamide regulates plasma glucose concentrations in the absence of insulin. 2. Loperamide, at a dose sufficient (17.6 microg/kg) to activate mu-opioid receptors, significantly decreased plasma glucose levels in STZ-diabetic rats. The mRNA and protein levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) in soleus muscle, detected by northern and western blotting, respectively, were increased after repeated intravenous administration of loperamide (17.6 micro g/kg) to STZ-diabetic rats over 3 days. Moreover, similar treatment with loperamide (17.6 microg/kg) for 3 days reversed the elevated mRNA and protein levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in the liver of STZ-diabetic rats to near the levels seen in normal rats. 3. These results suggest that activation of mu-opioid receptors by loperamide can increase glucose utilization in peripheral tissues and/or reverse the higher gene expression of PEPCK to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis, thereby lower plasma glucose in diabetic rats lacking insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Tzeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pao Chien Hospital, Ping Tung City, Taiwan
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32
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Aguilar R, Benavides A, Tamariz J. Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Activated Benzene Rings with Captodative and Electron‐Deficient Alkenes. A One‐Step Synthesis of the Natural Product Methyl 3‐(2,4,5‐Trimethoxyphenyl)propionate. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-200026193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ikeda Y, Nagao K, Tanigakiuchi K, Tokumaru G, Tsuchiya H, Yamada H. The first construction of a 3,6-bridged ellagitannin skeleton with 1C4/B glucose core; synthesis of nonamethylcorilagin. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Liu IM, Chen WC, Cheng JT. Mediation of beta-endorphin by isoferulic acid to lower plasma glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 307:1196-204. [PMID: 12975496 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.053900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism(s) by which isoferulic acid lowers plasma glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ-diabetic rats). In STZ-diabetic rats, isoferulic acid dose dependently lowered plasma glucose concentrations and increased plasma beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (BER). Both of these effects of isoferulic acid were abolished by pretreatment of rats with tamsulosin or 2-[2,6-dimethoxyphenoxyethyl]aminomethyl-1,4-benzodioxane hydrochloride (WB 4101) at doses sufficient to block alpha1-adrenoceptors. Also, isoferulic acid enhanced BER release from isolated rat adrenal medulla in a concentration-dependent manner that could be abolished by treatment with alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists. Moreover, bilateral adrenalectomy in STZ-diabetic rats eliminated the activities of isoferulic acid, including the plasma glucose-lowering effect and the plasma BER-elevating effect. Naloxone and naloxonazine inhibited the plasma glucose-lowering activity of isoferulic acid at doses sufficient to block opioid mu-receptors. In contrast with the effect in wild-type diabetic mice, isoferulic acid failed to lower plasma glucose levels in opioid mu-receptor knockout diabetic mice. Treatment of STZ-diabetic rats with isoferulic acid three times in 1 day resulted in an increase in the expression of the glucose transporter subtype 4 form in soleus muscle. This effect was blocked by alpha1-adrenoceptor or opioid mu-receptor antagonists. The reduction of elevated mRNA or protein level of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was also impeded in the same groups of STZ-diabetic rats. In conclusion, our results suggest that isoferulic acid may activate alpha1-adrenoceptors to enhance the secretion of beta-endorphin, which can stimulate the opioid mu-receptors to increase glucose use or/and reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis, resulting in a decrease of plasma glucose in STZ-diabetic rats.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenal Medulla/drug effects
- Adrenal Medulla/metabolism
- Adrenalectomy
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Cinnamates/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glucose Transporter Type 4
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/biosynthesis
- Muscle Proteins
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP)/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- beta-Endorphin/blood
- beta-Endorphin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan 70101, Republic of China
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Abstract
Several hundred plant and herb species that have potential as novel antiviral agents have been studied, with surprisingly little overlap. A wide variety of active phytochemicals, including the flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans, sulphides, polyphenolics, coumarins, saponins, furyl compounds, alkaloids, polyines, thiophenes, proteins and peptides have been identified. Some volatile essential oils of commonly used culinary herbs, spices and herbal teas have also exhibited a high level of antiviral activity. However, given the few classes of compounds investigated, most of the pharmacopoeia of compounds in medicinal plants with antiviral activity is still not known. Several of these phytochemicals have complementary and overlapping mechanisms of action, including antiviral effects by either inhibiting the formation of viral DNA or RNA or inhibiting the activity of viral reproduction. Assay methods to determine antiviral activity include multiple-arm trials, randomized crossover studies, and more compromised designs such as nonrandomized crossovers and pre- and post-treatment analyses. Methods are needed to link antiviral efficacy/potency- and laboratory-based research. Nevertheless, the relative success achieved recently using medicinal plant/herb extracts of various species that are capable of acting therapeutically in various viral infections has raised optimism about the future of phyto-antiviral agents. As this review illustrates, there are innumerable potentially useful medicinal plants and herbs waiting to be evaluated and exploited for therapeutic applications against genetically and functionally diverse viruses families such as Retroviridae, Hepadnaviridae and Herpesviridae
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Affiliation(s)
- S A A Jassim
- Department of Microbiology, Zayed Complex for Herbal Research and Traditional Medicine, General Authority for Health Services of Emirate of Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Jikai L, Yue H, Henkel T, Weber K. One step purification of corilagin and ellagic acid from Phyllanthus urinaria using high-speed countercurrent chromatography. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2002; 13:1-3. [PMID: 11899601 DOI: 10.1002/pca.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) has been successfully applied to the preparative separation of corilagin and ellagic acid in one step from the Chinese medicinal plant Phyllanthus urinaria L. by use of direct and successive injections of a crude methanolic extract. Some aspects concerning the practical use of this technique in the described application are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Jikai
- Department of Phytochemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China.
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Liu IM, Tsai CC, Lai TY, Cheng JT. Stimulatory effect of isoferulic acid on alpha1A-adrenoceptor to increase glucose uptake into cultured myoblast C2C12 cell of mice. Auton Neurosci 2001; 88:175-80. [PMID: 11474559 DOI: 10.1016/s1566-0702(01)00241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to elucidate the effect of isoferulic acid on alpha1-adrenoceptor (AR), the myoblast C2C12 cells of mice were employed to investigate the change of glucose uptake in the present study. Isoferulic acid enhanced the uptake of radioactive glucose into C2C12 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, which were abolished by pretreatment with prazosin. Effect of isoferulic acid on alpha1-AR was further characterized using the displacement of [3H]YM617 binding in C2C12 cells. The radioactive glucose uptake increasing action of isoferulic acid was abolished by tamsulosin or WB 4101 at concentration sufficient to block alpha1A-adrenoceptor (alpha1A-AR) but it was not modified by chlorethylclonidine (CEC) at the concentration sufficient to abolish alpha1B-AR. An activation of alpha1A-AR by isoferulic acid in C2C12 cells can thus be considered. Pharmacological inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) by U73312 resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction of isoferulic acid-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 cells. This inhibition by U73112 was specific because the inactive congener, U73343, failed to modify the action of isoferulic acid. Also, chelerythrine and GF 109203X diminished the action of isoferulic acid at concentration sufficient to inhibit the activity of protein kinase C (PKC). The obtained data suggest that an activation of alpha1A-AR by isoferulic acid may increase the glucose uptake via PLC-PKC pathway in C2C12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Liu IM, Hsu FL, Chen CF, Cheng JT. Antihyperglycemic action of isoferulic acid in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Br J Pharmacol 2000; 129:631-6. [PMID: 10683186 PMCID: PMC1571880 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes (STZ-diabetic rats), which is similar to human insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus (IDDM), were employed to investigate the antihyperglycemic action of isoferulic acid. A single intravenous injection of isoferulic acid decreased the plasma glucose in a dose-dependent manner in the STZ-diabetic rats. Repeated intravenous administration of STZ-diabetic rats with isoferulic acid (5.0 mg kg(-1)) also resulted in the lowering of plasma glucose after one day. Stimulatory effects of isoferulic acid on the glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in soleus muscles isolated from STZ-diabetic rats were also obtained indicating an increase of glucose utilization following isoferulic acid treatment which was not dependent on insulin. The mRNA level of glucose transporter subtype 4 form (GLUT4) in soleus muscle was raised by isoferulic acid after repeated treatment for 1 day in STZ-diabetic rats. Similar repeated treatment with isoferulic acid reversed the elevated mRNA level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in liver of STZ-diabetic rats to the normal level. However, expression of GLUT4 and PEPCK genes in nondiabetic rats were not influenced by similar treatment with isoferulic acid. These results suggest that isoferulic acid can inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and/or increase the glucose utilization in peripheral tissue to lower plasma glucose in diabetic rats lacking insulin.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Carbon Radioisotopes
- Cinnamates/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gluconeogenesis
- Glucose/metabolism
- Glucose Transporter Type 4
- Glycogen/biosynthesis
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Male
- Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle Proteins
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)/biosynthesis
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)/genetics
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan 70101, Republic of China
| | - Feng-Lin Hsu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical College, Taipei City, Taiwan 10502, Republic of China
| | - Chieh-Fu Chen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan 11201, Republic of China
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan 70101, Republic of China
- Author for correspondence:
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