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Hunt JE, Christiansen CB, Yassin M, Hartmann B, Offermanns S, Dragsted LO, Holst JJ, Kissow H. The Severity of DSS-Induced Colitis Is Independent of the SCFA-FFAR2/3-GLP-1 Pathway Despite SCFAs Inducing GLP-1 Secretion via FFAR2/3. Metabolites 2024; 14:395. [PMID: 39057718 PMCID: PMC11278623 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the major microbial metabolites produced from the fermentation of dietary fiber in the gut. They are recognised as secretagogues of the glucagon-like peptides, GLP-1 and GLP-2, likely mediated by the activation of free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3 (FFAR2 and 3) expressed on enteroendocrine L-cells. Fiber-deficient diets are associated with decreased intestinal function and decreased colonic GLP-1 and GLP-2 content. Here, we speculated that the lowered colonic GLP-1 observed following a fiber-free diet was a consequence of decreased SCFA production and a subsequent decrease in FFAR2/3 activation. Furthermore, we explored the consequences of a fiber-free diet followed by intestinal injury, and we mechanistically explored the SCFA-FFAR2/3-GLP-1 pathway to explain the increased severity. Colonic luminal content from mice fed either a fiber-free or chow diet were analysed for SCFA content by LC-MS. FFAR2/3 receptor contributions to SCFA-mediated colonic GLP-1 secretion were assessed in isolated perfused preparations of the colon from FFAR2/3 double knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Colitis was induced by the delivery of 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 4 days in the drinking water of mice exposed to a fiber-free diet for 21 days. Colitis was induced by the delivery of 3% DSS for 7 days in FFAR2/3 KO mice. The removal of dietary fiber significantly decreased SCFA concentrations in the luminal contents of fiber-free fed mice compared to chow-fed mice. In the perfused colon, luminal SCFAs significantly increased colonic GLP-1 secretion in WT mice but not in FFAR2/3 KO mice. In the DSS-induced colitis model, the removal of dietary fiber increased the severity and prevented the recovery from intestinal injury. Additionally, colitis severity was similar in FFAR2/3 KO and WT mice after DSS application. In conclusion, the results confirm that the removal of dietary fiber is sufficient to decrease the colonic concentrations of SCFAs. Additionally, we show that a fiber-free diet predisposes the colon to increased intestinal injury, but this effect is independent of FFAR2 and FFAR3 signalling; therefore, it is unlikely that a fiber-free diet induces a decrease in luminal SCFAs and sensitivity to intestinal disease involves the SCFA-FFAR2/3-GLP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Elizabeth Hunt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.E.H.); (C.B.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Charlotte Bayer Christiansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.E.H.); (C.B.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Mohammad Yassin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.E.H.); (C.B.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany;
| | - Lars Ove Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Hannelouise Kissow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.E.H.); (C.B.C.); (B.H.)
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TOMINAGA K, KOJIMA Y, KAWATA Y, TAKAHASHI K, SATO H, TSUCHIYA A, KAMIMURA K, TERAI S. An updated review on the treatment for diversion colitis and pouchitis, with a focus on the utility of autologous fecal microbiota transplantation and its relationship with the intestinal microbiota. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2024; 43:162-169. [PMID: 38966047 PMCID: PMC11220330 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2024-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Diversion colitis (DC) is characterized by mucosal inflammation in the defunctioned segment of the colon following a colostomy or ileostomy. The major causes of DC are an increase in the number of aerobic bacteria, a lack of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and immune disorders in the diverted colon. However, its exact pathogenesis remains unknown. Various treatment strategies for DC have been explored, although none have been definitively established. Treatment approaches such as SCFAs, 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas, steroid enemas, and irrigation with fibers have been attempted, yielding various degrees of efficacies in mitigating mucosal inflammation. However, only individual case reports demonstrating the limited effect of the following therapies have been published: leukocytapheresis, dextrose (hypertonic glucose) spray, infliximab, an elemental diet, and coconut oil. The usefulness of probiotics for treating DC has recently been reported. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a promising treatment for DC. This review provides an update on the treatment strategies of DC, with a particular focus on FMT and its relationship with the intestinal microbiota. FMT may become the first choice of treatment for some patients in the future because of its low medical costs, ease of use, and minimal side effects. Furthermore, FMT can also be used for postoperative DC prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro TOMINAGA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School
of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku,
Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi KOJIMA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School
of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku,
Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuzo KAWATA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School
of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku,
Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuya TAKAHASHI
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School
of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku,
Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki SATO
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School
of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku,
Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Atsunori TSUCHIYA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School
of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku,
Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kenya KAMIMURA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School
of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku,
Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shuji TERAI
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School
of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku,
Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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Sam SW, Hafeez B, Ong HI, Gill S, Smibert O, Lavelle A, Burgess A, Proud D, Mohan H. The impact of faecal diversion on the gut microbiome: a systematic review. GUT MICROBIOME (CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND) 2024; 5:e4. [PMID: 39290660 PMCID: PMC11406410 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2024.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Diversion of the faecal stream is associated with diversion colitis (DC). Preliminary studies indicate that microbiome dysbiosis contributes to its development and potentially treatment. This review aims to characterise these changes in the context of faecal diversion and identify their clinical impact. A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases using a predefined search strategy identifying studies investigating changes in microbiome following diversion. Findings reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Of 743 results, 6 met inclusion criteria. Five reported significantly decreased microbiome diversity in the diverted colon. At phylum level, decreases in Bacillota with a concomitant increase in Pseudomonadota were observed, consistent with dysbiosis. At genus level, studies reported decreases in beneficial lactic acid bacteria which produce short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), which inversely correlated with disease severity. Significant losses in commensals were also noted. These changes were seen to be partially reversible with restoration of bowel continuity. Changes within the microbiome were reflected by histopathological findings suggestive of intestinal dysfunction. Faecal diversion is associated with dysbiosis in the diverted colon which may have clinical implications. This is reflected in loss of microbiome diversity, increases in potentially pathogenic-associated phyla and reduction in SCFA-producing and commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shien Wenn Sam
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health Department of Surgery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Bilal Hafeez
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health Department of Surgery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Hwa Ian Ong
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health Department of Surgery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Sonia Gill
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health Department of Surgery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia Smibert
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health Department of Surgery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Adele Burgess
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health Department of Surgery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - David Proud
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health Department of Surgery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Mohan
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health Department of Surgery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abdelhalim KA. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from gastrointestinal disorders, metabolism, epigenetics, central nervous system to cancer - A mini-review. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 388:110851. [PMID: 38145797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), generated through microbial fermentation of dietary fibers and proteins in the gut, play a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal integrity, cellular function, and the immune response. SCFAs, including butyrate, acetate, and propionate, are absorbed in the colon or excreted through feces, contributing to essential physiological processes. Butyrate, a primary energy source for colonocytes, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and regulates key pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibition. SCFAs' impact extends beyond the intestines, influencing the gut-brain axis, systemic circulation, and folate metabolism. A decline in colonic SCFAs has been linked to gastrointestinal diseases, emphasizing their clinical relevance, while their effects on immune checkpoints, such as ipilimumab, provide intriguing prospects for cancer therapy. This mini-review explores SCFAs' diverse roles, shedding light on their significance in health and potential implications for disease management. Understanding SCFAs' intricate mechanisms enhances our knowledge of their therapeutic potential and highlights their emerging importance in various physiological contexts.
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Cheng J, Zhou J. Unraveling the gut health puzzle: exploring the mechanisms of butyrate and the potential of High-Amylose Maize Starch Butyrate (HAMSB) in alleviating colorectal disturbances. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1285169. [PMID: 38304546 PMCID: PMC10830644 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1285169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal disturbances encompass a variety of disorders that impact the colon and rectum, such as colitis and colon cancer. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, plays a pivotal role in supporting gut health by nourishing colonocytes, promoting barrier function, modulating inflammation, and fostering a balanced microbiome. Increasing colorectal butyrate concentration may serve as a critical strategy to improve colon function and reduce the risk of colorectal disturbances. Butyrylated high-amylose maize starch (HAMSB) is an edible ingredient that efficiently delivers butyrate to the colon. HAMSB is developed by esterifying a high-amylose starch backbone with butyric anhydride. With a degree of substitution of 0.25, each hydroxy group of HAMSB is substituted by a butyryl group in every four D-glucopyranosyl units. In humans, the digestibility of HAMSB is 68% (w/w), and 60% butyrate molecules attached to the starch backbone is absorbed by the colon. One clinical trial yielded two publications, which showed that HAMSB significantly reduced rectal O6-methyl-guanine adducts and epithelial proliferation induced by the high protein diet. Fecal microbial profiles were assessed in three clinical trials, showing that HAMSB supplementation was consistently linked to increased abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis. In animal studies, HAMSB was effective in reducing the risk of diet- or AOM-induced colon cancer by reducing genetic damage, but the mechanisms differed. HAMSB functioned through affecting cecal ammonia levels by modulating colon pH in diet-induced cancer, while it ameliorated chemical-induced colon cancer through downregulating miR19b and miR92a expressions and subsequently activating the caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, animal studies showed that HAMSB improved colitis via regulating the gut immune modulation by inhibiting histone deacetylase and activating G protein-coupled receptors, but its role in bacteria-induced colon colitis requires further investigation. In conclusion, HAMSB is a food ingredient that may deliver butyrate to the colon to support colon health. Further clinical trials are warranted to validate earlier findings and determine the minimum effective dose of HAMSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Cheng
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Department, Ingredion Incorporated, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
| | - Jing Zhou
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Department, Ingredion Incorporated, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
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6
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Utrilla Fornals A, Costas-Batlle C, Medlin S, Menjón-Lajusticia E, Cisneros-González J, Saura-Carmona P, Montoro-Huguet MA. Metabolic and Nutritional Issues after Lower Digestive Tract Surgery: The Important Role of the Dietitian in a Multidisciplinary Setting. Nutrients 2024; 16:246. [PMID: 38257141 PMCID: PMC10820062 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Many patients undergo small bowel and colon surgery for reasons related to malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mesenteric ischemia, and other benign conditions, including post-operative adhesions, hernias, trauma, volvulus, or diverticula. Some patients arrive in the operating theatre severely malnourished due to an underlying disease, while others develop complications (e.g., anastomotic leaks, abscesses, or strictures) that induce a systemic inflammatory response that can increase their energy and protein requirements. Finally, anatomical and functional changes resulting from surgery can affect either nutritional status due to malabsorption or nutritional support (NS) pathways. The dietitian providing NS to these patients needs to understand the pathophysiology underlying these sequelae and collaborate with other professionals, including surgeons, internists, nurses, and pharmacists. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the nutritional and metabolic consequences of different types of lower gastrointestinal surgery and the role of the dietitian in providing comprehensive patient care. This article reviews the effects of small bowel resection on macronutrient and micronutrient absorption, the effects of colectomies (e.g., ileocolectomy, low anterior resection, abdominoperineal resection, and proctocolectomy) that require special dietary considerations, nutritional considerations specific to ostomized patients, and clinical practice guidelines for caregivers of patients who have undergone a surgery for local and systemic complications of IBD. Finally, we highlight the valuable contribution of the dietitian in the challenging management of short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Costas-Batlle
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK;
| | | | - Elisa Menjón-Lajusticia
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital San Jorge, 22004 Huesca, Spain;
| | - Julia Cisneros-González
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain; (J.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.)
| | - Patricia Saura-Carmona
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain; (J.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.)
| | - Miguel A. Montoro-Huguet
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital San Jorge, 22004 Huesca, Spain;
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain; (J.C.-G.); (P.S.-C.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
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7
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Gong X, Geng H, Yang Y, Zhang S, He Z, Fan Y, Yin F, Zhang Z, Chen GQ. Metabolic engineering of commensal bacteria for gut butyrate delivery and dissection of host-microbe interaction. Metab Eng 2023; 80:94-106. [PMID: 37717646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
An overwhelming number of studies have reported the correlation of decreased abundance of butyrate-producing commensals with a wide range of diseases. However, the molecular-level mechanisms whereby gut butyrate causally affects the host mucosal immunity and pathogenesis were poorly understood, hindered by the lack of efficient tools to control intestinal butyrate. Here we engineered a facultative anaerobic commensal bacterium to delivery butyrate at the intestinal mucosal surface, and implemented it to dissect the causal role of gut butyrate in regulating host intestinal homeostasis in a model of murine chronic colitis. Mechanistically, we show that gut butyrate protected against colitis and preserved intestinal mucosal homeostasis through its inhibiting effect on the key pyroptosis executioner gasdermin D (GSDMD) of colonic epithelium, via functioning as an HDAC3 inhibitor. Overall, our work presents a new avenue to build synthetic living delivery bacteria to decode causal molecules at the host-microbe interface with molecular-level insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Hongwei Geng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yun Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Zilong He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Fengyi Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Zhifa Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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Shmuel-Galia L, Humphries F, Vierbuchen T, Jiang Z, Santos N, Johnson J, Shklyar B, Joannas L, Mustone N, Sherman S, Ward D, Houghton J, Baer CE, O'Hara A, Henao-Mejia J, Hoebe K, Fitzgerald KA. The lncRNA HOXA11os regulates mitochondrial function in myeloid cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1441-1456.e9. [PMID: 37494932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This study reveals a previously uncharacterized mechanism to restrict intestinal inflammation via a regulatory RNA transcribed from a noncoding genomic locus. We identified a novel transcript of the lncRNA HOXA11os specifically expressed in the distal colon that is reduced to undetectable levels in colitis. HOXA11os is localized to mitochondria under basal conditions and interacts with a core subunit of complex 1 of the electron transport chain (ETC) to maintain its activity. Deficiency of HOXA11os in colonic myeloid cells results in complex I deficiency, dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). As a result, HOXA11os-deficient mice develop spontaneous intestinal inflammation and are hypersusceptible to colitis. Collectively, these studies identify a new regulatory axis whereby a lncRNA maintains intestinal homeostasis and restricts inflammation in the colon through the regulation of complex I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liraz Shmuel-Galia
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Fiachra Humphries
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Tim Vierbuchen
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Zhaozhao Jiang
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nolan Santos
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - John Johnson
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Boris Shklyar
- Bioimaging Unit, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Leonel Joannas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Mustone
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Shany Sherman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doyle Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - JeanMarie Houghton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christina E Baer
- Sanderson Center for Optical Imaging and Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Aisling O'Hara
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Protective Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kasper Hoebe
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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van Praagh J, Havenga K. What Is the Microbiome? A Description of a Social Network. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2023; 36:91-97. [PMID: 36844706 PMCID: PMC9946720 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1760863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has coevolved with its hosts over the years, forming a complex and symbiotic relationship. It is formed by what we do, what we eat, where we live, and with whom we live. The microbiome is known to influence our health by training our immune system and providing nutrients for the human body. However, when the microbiome becomes out of balance and dysbiosis occurs, the microorganisms within can cause or contribute to diseases. This major influencer on our health is studied intensively, but it is unfortunately often overlooked by the surgeon and in surgical practice. Because of that, there is not much literature about the microbiome and its influence on surgical patients or procedures. However, there is evidence that it plays a major role, showing that it needs to be a topic of interest for the surgeon. This review is written to show the surgeon the importance of the microbiome and why it should be taken into consideration when preparing or treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.B. van Praagh
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Havenga
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Mohamed Elfadil O, Mundi MS, Abdelmagid MG, Patel A, Patel N, Martindale R. Butyrate: More Than a Short Chain Fatty Acid. Curr Nutr Rep 2023:10.1007/s13668-023-00461-4. [PMID: 36763294 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The mechanistic understanding of the importance and the potential benefits of the gut microbiome has exploded in potential roles in human health and disease. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including butyrate, are one of the key metabolic end products that has been a major focus of microbiome understanding. This brief review aims to describe butyrate's relation to certain biological concepts and their clinical application. RECENT FINDINGS Butyrate has reportedly been described as a potent pro-resolution molecule that has a significant role in maintaining gut immunity, supporting gut barrier function, regulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC), and numerous systemic roles. Further research is needed to explore potential benefits of adding SCFAs for patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Butyrate plays several biological roles in intestinal epithelium anti-inflammatory pathways with clear benefits in numerous acute and chronic disease states and overall human health helping to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Mohamed Elfadil
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Manpreet S Mundi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Marwa G Abdelmagid
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ankitaben Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Nishant Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Robert Martindale
- Division of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
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11
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Yoon JH, Do JS, Velankanni P, Lee CG, Kwon HK. Gut Microbial Metabolites on Host Immune Responses in Health and Disease. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e6. [PMID: 36911800 PMCID: PMC9995988 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microorganisms interact with various immune cells and are involved in gut homeostasis and immune regulation. Although many studies have discussed the roles of the microorganisms themselves, interest in the effector function of their metabolites is increasing. The metabolic processes of these molecules provide important clues to the existence and function of gut microbes. The interrelationship between metabolites and T lymphocytes in particular plays a significant role in adaptive immune functions. Our current review focuses on 3 groups of metabolites: short-chain fatty acids, bile acids metabolites, and polyamines. We collated the findings of several studies on the transformation and production of these metabolites by gut microbes and explained their immunological roles. Specifically, we summarized the reports on changes in mucosal immune homeostasis represented by the Tregs and Th17 cells balance. The relationship between specific metabolites and diseases was also analyzed through latest studies. Thus, this review highlights microbial metabolites as the hidden treasure having potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets through a comprehensive understanding of the gut-immune interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwi Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jun-Soo Do
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Priyanka Velankanni
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea
| | - Choong-Gu Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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12
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Rectal stimulation with prebiotics and probiotics before ileostomy reversal: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:31. [PMID: 36647079 PMCID: PMC9843864 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ileostomy closure is associated with a high rate of postoperative morbidity, and adynamic ileus is the most common complication, with an incidence of up to 32%. This complication is associated with delayed initiation of oral diet intake, abdominal distention, prolonged hospital stay, and more significant patient discomfort. The present study aims to evaluate the rectal stimulus with prebiotics and probiotics before ileostomy reversal. METHODS This is a protocol study for an open-label randomized controlled clinical trial. Ethical approval was received (CAAE: 56551722.6.0000.0071). The following criteria will be used for inclusion: adult patients with rectal cancer stages cT3/4Nx or cTxN+ that underwent loop protection ileostomy, patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and patients who underwent laparoscopic or robotic total mesorectal excision. Patients will be randomized to one of two groups. The intervention group (with rectal stimulus): the patients will apply 500 ml of saline solution with 6 g of Simbioflora® rectally, once a day, for 15 days before ileostomy closure. The control group (without rectal stimulation): the patients will close the ileostomy with no previous rectal stimulus. The primary outcomes will be the adynamic ileus (need for postoperative nasogastric tube insertion; nausea/vomiting; or intolerance to oral feedings within the first 72 h) and intestinal transit (time to first evacuation/flatus). RESULTS The patient's enrollment starts in January 2023. We expect to finish in July 2025. DISCUSSION The findings of this randomized clinical study may have important implications for managing patients undergoing ileostomy reversal. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered in the Brazilian Trial Registry (ReBEC) under RBR-366n64w. Registration date: 19/07/2022.
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13
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Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolites as Immune Modulators of T Helper 17 and Regulatory T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021806. [PMID: 36675320 PMCID: PMC9867388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota and its derived metabolites greatly impact the host immune system, both innate and adaptive responses. Gut dysbiosis and altered levels of microbiota-derived metabolites have been described in several immune-related and immune-mediated diseases such as intestinal bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, or colorectal cancer. Gut microbial-derived metabolites are synthesized from dietary compounds ingested by the host or host-produced metabolites, and additionally, some bacterial products can be synthesized de novo. In this review, we focus on the two first metabolites families including short-chain fatty acids, indole metabolites, polyamines, choline-derived compounds, and secondary bile acids. They all have been described as immunoregulatory molecules that specifically affect the adaptive immune system and T helper 17 and regulatory T cells. We discuss the mechanisms of action and the consequences in health and diseases related to these gut microbial-derived metabolites. Finally, we propose that the exogenous administration of these molecules or other compounds that bind to their immunoregulatory receptors in a homologous manner could be considered therapeutic approaches.
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14
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Fawad JA, Luzader DH, Hanson GF, Moutinho TJ, McKinney CA, Mitchell PG, Brown-Steinke K, Kumar A, Park M, Lee S, Bolick DT, Medlock GL, Zhao JY, Rosselot AE, Chou CJ, Eshleman EM, Alenghat T, Hong CI, Papin JA, Moore SR. Histone Deacetylase Inhibition by Gut Microbe-Generated Short-Chain Fatty Acids Entrains Intestinal Epithelial Circadian Rhythms. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:1377-1390.e11. [PMID: 35934064 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The circadian clock orchestrates ∼24-hour oscillations of gastrointestinal epithelial structure and function that drive diurnal rhythms in gut microbiota. Here, we use experimental and computational approaches in intestinal organoids to reveal reciprocal effects of gut microbial metabolites on epithelial timekeeping by an epigenetic mechanism. METHODS We cultured enteroids in media supplemented with sterile supernatants from the altered Schaedler Flora (ASF), a defined murine microbiota. Circadian oscillations of bioluminescent PER2 and Bmal1 were measured in the presence or absence of individual ASF supernatants. Separately, we applied machine learning to ASF metabolomics to identify phase-shifting metabolites. RESULTS Sterile filtrates from 3 of 7 ASF species (ASF360 Lactobacillus intestinalis, ASF361 Ligilactobacillus murinus, and ASF502 Clostridium species) induced minimal alterations in circadian rhythms, whereas filtrates from 4 ASF species (ASF356 Clostridium species, ASF492 Eubacterium plexicaudatum, ASF500 Pseudoflavonifactor species, and ASF519 Parabacteroides goldsteinii) induced profound, concentration-dependent phase shifts. Random forest classification identified short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) (butyrate, propionate, acetate, and isovalerate) production as a discriminating feature of ASF "shifters." Experiments with SCFAs confirmed machine learning predictions, with a median phase shift of 6.2 hours in murine enteroids. Pharmacologic or botanical histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors yielded similar findings. Further, mithramycin A, an inhibitor of HDAC inhibition, reduced SCFA-induced phase shifts by 20% (P < .05) and conditional knockout of HDAC3 in enteroids abrogated butyrate effects on Per2 expression. Key findings were reproducible in human Bmal1-luciferase enteroids, colonoids, and Per2-luciferase Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbe-generated SCFAs entrain intestinal epithelial circadian rhythms by an HDACi-dependent mechanism, with critical implications for understanding microbial and circadian network regulation of intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibraan A Fawad
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Deborah H Luzader
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gabriel F Hanson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Thomas J Moutinho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Craig A McKinney
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Paul G Mitchell
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kathleen Brown-Steinke
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Miri Park
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Suengwon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David T Bolick
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Greg L Medlock
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jesse Y Zhao
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Andrew E Rosselot
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - C James Chou
- College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Emily M Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Christian I Hong
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jason A Papin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sean R Moore
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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Abdalkareem Jasim S, Jade Catalan Opulencia M, Alexis Ramírez-Coronel A, Kamal Abdelbasset W, Hasan Abed M, Markov A, Raheem Lateef Al-Awsi G, Azamatovich Shamsiev J, Thaeer Hammid A, Nader Shalaby M, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. The emerging role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in immunometabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108983. [PMID: 35750016 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The accumulating evidence revealed that microbiota plays a significant function in training, function, and the induction of host immunity. Once this interaction (immune system-microbiota) works correctly, it enables the production of protective responses against pathogens and keeps the regulatory pathways essential for maintaining tolerance to innocent antigens. This concept of immunity and metabolic activity redefines the realm of immunometabolism, paving the way for innovative therapeutic interventions to modulate immune cells through immune metabolic alterations. A body of evidence suggests that microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate, play a key role in immune balance. SCFAs act on many cell types to regulate various vital biological processes, including host metabolism, intestinal function, and the immune system. Such SCFAs generated by gut bacteria also impact immunity, cellular function, and immune cell fate. This is a new concept of immune metabolism, and better knowledge about how lifestyle affects intestinal immunometabolism is crucial for preventing and treating disease. In this review article, we explicitly focus on the function of SCFAs in the metabolism of immune cells, especially macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, T (Th) helper cells, and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-maarif University College, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq.
| | | | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Laboratory of Psychometrics, Comparative Psychology and Ethology (LABPPCE), Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ecuador and Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia, Cuenca, Ecuador.
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Murtadha Hasan Abed
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.
| | - Alexander Markov
- Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation; Tyumen Industrial University, Tyumen, Russian Federation.
| | | | - Jamshid Azamatovich Shamsiev
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Research scholar, Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Makhtumkuli Street 103, Tashkent, 100047, Uzbekistan.
| | - Ali Thaeer Hammid
- Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Rudiansyah M, Abdalkareem Jasim S, S Azizov B, Samusenkov V, Kamal Abdelbasset W, Yasin G, Mohammad HJ, Jawad MA, Mahmudiono T, Hosseini-Fard SR, Mirzaei R, Karampoor S. The emerging microbiome-based approaches to IBD therapy: From SCFAs to urolithin A. J Dig Dis 2022; 23:412-434. [PMID: 36178158 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions which can be life-threatening, affecting both children and adults. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main forms of IBD. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex and involves genetic background, environmental factors, alteration in gut microbiota, aberrant immune responses (innate and adaptive), and their interactions, all of which provide clues to the identification of innovative diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and the development of novel treatments. Gut microbiota provide significant benefits to its host, most notably via maintaining immunological homeostasis. Furthermore, changes in gut microbial populations may promote immunological dysregulation, resulting in autoimmune diseases, including IBD. Investigating the interaction between gut microbiota and immune system of the host may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of IBD as well as the development of innovative immune- or microbe-based therapeutics. In this review we summarized the most recent findings on innovative therapeutics for IBD, including microbiome-based therapies such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, live biotherapeutic products, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and urolithin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rudiansyah
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Al-Maarif University College Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Bakhadir S Azizov
- Department of Therapeutic Disciplines No.1, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Botany University of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition Faculty of Public Health Universitas, Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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La Barbera L, Macaluso F, Fasano S, Grasso G, Ciccia F, Guggino G. Microbiome Changes in Connective Tissue Diseases and Vasculitis: Focus on Metabolism and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126532. [PMID: 35742974 PMCID: PMC9224234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial community acts as an active player in maintaining homeostasis and immune functions through a continuous and changeable cross-talk with the host immune system. Emerging evidence suggests that altered microbial composition, known as dysbiosis, might perturb the delicate balance between the microbiota and the immune system, triggering inflammation and potentially contributing to the pathogenesis and development of chronic inflammatory diseases. This review will summarize the current evidence about the microbiome-immunity cross-talk, especially focusing on the microbiota alterations described in patients with rheumatic diseases and on the recent findings concerning the interaction between microbiota, metabolic function, and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia La Barbera
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology Section, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90110 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Federica Macaluso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AUSL-IRCCS, Via Giovanni Amendola, 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, S. Andrea delle Dame, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Serena Fasano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, S. Andrea delle Dame, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Giulia Grasso
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology Section, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90110 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, S. Andrea delle Dame, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology Section, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90110 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.B.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-655-2148
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18
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Jagt JZ, Verburgt CM, de Vries R, de Boer NKH, Benninga MA, de Jonge WJ, van Limbergen JE, de Meij TGJ. Faecal Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1777-1790. [PMID: 35679608 PMCID: PMC9683079 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is characterized by altered immunological and metabolic pathways. Metabolomics may therefore increase pathophysiological understanding and could develop into characterization of biomarkers for diagnosis and IBD treatment response. However, no uniform metabolomic profiles have been identified to date. This systematic review aimed to identify faecal metabolomic signatures in paediatric IBD vs controls, and to describe metabolites associated with disease activity and treatment response. METHODS A literature search was performed in Embase, Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Studies assessing faecal metabolomics in paediatric patients < 18 years with IBD [de novo, active, inactive] with comparative groups [IBD vs non-IBD; responders vs non-responders] were included. The quality of included studies was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included [540 patients with IBD, 386 controls], assessing faecal short-chain fatty acids [SCFA] [five studies], amino acids [AA] [ten studies], bile acids [BA] [eight studies] and other metabolites [nine studies] using various methodologies. Significantly increased levels of AA [particularly phenylalanine], primary BA and lower levels of secondary BA were described in paediatric IBD compared to controls. Faecal SCFA results varied across studies. Additionally, responders and non-responders to exclusive enteral nutrition and infliximab showed differences in baseline faecal metabolites [based on BA, AA]. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review provides evidence for distinct faecal metabolomic profiles in paediatric IBD. However, results varied across studies, possibly due to differences in study design and applied analytical techniques. Faecal metabolomics could provide more insight into host-microbial interactions in IBD, but further studies with standardized methodologies and reporting are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn Z Jagt
- Corresponding author: Jasmijn Zaza Jagt, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: +316-50063766; E-mail:
| | | | - Ralph de Vries
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism Research Institute (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam University Medical Centres – location University of Amsterdam, Emma Children’s Hospital, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johan E van Limbergen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam University Medical Centres – location University of Amsterdam, Emma Children’s Hospital, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tim G J de Meij
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam University Medical Centres – location University of Amsterdam, Emma Children’s Hospital, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105354. [PMID: 35628164 PMCID: PMC9140893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a debilitating disease associated with several secondary complications that increase comorbidity and mortality. In patients with CKD, there is a significant qualitative and quantitative alteration in the gut microbiota, which, consequently, also leads to reduced production of beneficial bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Evidence supports the beneficial effects of short-chain fatty acids in modulating inflammation and oxidative stress, which are implicated in CKD pathogenesis and progression. Therefore, this review will provide an overview of the current knowledge, based on pre-clinical and clinical evidence, on the effect of SCFAs on CKD-associated inflammation and oxidative stress.
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20
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Johnson WT, Dorn NC, Ogbonna DA, Bottini N, Shah NJ. Lipid-based regulators of immunity. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10288. [PMID: 35600637 PMCID: PMC9115682 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids constitute a diverse class of molecular regulators with ubiquitous physiological roles in sustaining life. These carbon-rich compounds are primarily sourced from exogenous sources and may be used directly as structural cellular building blocks or as a substrate for generating signaling mediators to regulate cell behavior. In both of these roles, lipids play a key role in both immune activation and suppression, leading to inflammation and resolution, respectively. The simple yet elegant structural properties of lipids encompassing size, hydrophobicity, and molecular weight enable unique biodistribution profiles that facilitate preferential accumulation in target tissues to modulate relevant immune cell subsets. Thus, the structural and functional properties of lipids can be leveraged to generate new materials as pharmacological agents for potently modulating the immune system. Here, we discuss the properties of three classes of lipids: polyunsaturated fatty acids, short-chain fatty acids, and lipid adjuvants. We describe their immunoregulatory functions in modulating disease pathogenesis in preclinical models and in human clinical trials. We conclude with an outlook on harnessing the diverse and potent immune modulating properties of lipids for immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade T. Johnson
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicholas C. Dorn
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dora A. Ogbonna
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Program in ImmunologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nisarg J. Shah
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Program in ImmunologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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21
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The role of short-chain fatty acids in Clostridioides difficile infection: A review. Anaerobe 2022; 75:102585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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O'Riordan KJ, Collins MK, Moloney GM, Knox EG, Aburto MR, Fülling C, Morley SJ, Clarke G, Schellekens H, Cryan JF. Short chain fatty acids: Microbial metabolites for gut-brain axis signalling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 546:111572. [PMID: 35066114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator of gut-brain axis signalling has risen to prominence in recent years. Understanding the relationship between the gut microbiota, the metabolites it produces, and the brain will be critical for the subsequent development of new therapeutic approaches, including the identification of novel psychobiotics. A key focus in this regard have been the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre, which include butyrate, acetate, and propionate. Ongoing research is focused on the entry of SCFAs into systemic circulation from the gut lumen, their migration to cerebral circulation and across the blood brain barrier, and their potential to exert acute and chronic effects on brain structure and function. This review aims to discuss our current mechanistic understanding of the direct and indirect influence that SCFAs have on brain function, behaviour and physiology, which will inform future microbiota-targeted interventions for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael K Collins
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard M Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily G Knox
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - María R Aburto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Shane J Morley
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland.
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23
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Gu X, Sim JX, Lee WL, Cui L, Chan YF, Chang ED, Teh YE, Zhang AN, Armas F, Chandra F, Chen H, Zhao S, Lee Z, Thompson JR, Ooi EE, Low JG, Alm EJ, Kalimuddin S. Gut Ruminococcaceae levels at baseline correlate with risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. iScience 2022; 25:103644. [PMID: 35005566 PMCID: PMC8718891 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) affects a significant proportion of patients receiving antibiotics. We sought to understand if differences in the gut microbiome would influence the development of AAD. We administered a 3-day course of amoxicillin-clavulanate to 30 healthy adult volunteers, and analyzed their stool microbiome, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, at baseline and up to 4 weeks post antibiotic administration. Lower levels of gut Ruminococcaceae were significantly and consistently observed from baseline until day 7 in participants who developed AAD. Overall, participants who developed AAD experienced a greater decrease in microbial diversity. The probability of AAD could be predicted based on qPCR-derived levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii at baseline. Our findings suggest that a lack of gut Ruminococcaceae influences development of AAD. Quantification of F. prausnitzii in stool prior to antibiotic administration may help identify patients at risk of AAD, and aid clinicians in devising individualized treatment regimens to minimize such adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Gu
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jean X.Y. Sim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Academia Level 3, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Wei Lin Lee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Liang Cui
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Yvonne F.Z. Chan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Academia Level 3, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Ega Danu Chang
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Yii Ean Teh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Academia Level 3, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - An-Ni Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 21 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Federica Armas
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Franciscus Chandra
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Shijie Zhao
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 21 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zhanyi Lee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Janelle R. Thompson
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre (ViREMiCS), 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Jenny G. Low
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Academia Level 3, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre (ViREMiCS), 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Eric J. Alm
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 21 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building E25-321, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Academia Level 3, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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24
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Agus A, Richard D, Faïs T, Vazeille E, Chervy M, Bonnin V, Dalmasso G, Denizot J, Billard E, Bonnet R, Buisson A, Barnich N, Delmas J. Propionate catabolism by CD-associated adherent-invasive E. coli counteracts its anti-inflammatory effect. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-18. [PMID: 33769191 PMCID: PMC8007151 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1839318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic and disabling inflammatory disorder of the gut that is profoundly influenced by intestinal microbiota composition, host genetics and environmental factors. Several groups worldwide have described an imbalance of the gut microbiome composition, called dysbiosis, in CD patients, with an increase in Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes and a decrease in Firmicutes. A high prevalence of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathobionts has been identified in the intestinal mucosa of CD patients. A significant loss in the bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with anti-inflammatory properties, such as propionate, is also a consequence of dysbiosis in CD patients. Here, the AIEC reference strain LF82 was able to degrade propionate in the gut, which was sufficient to counteract the anti-inflammatory effect of propionate both in in vitro models and in mice with DSS-induced colitis. The consumption of propionate by AIEC pathobionts leads to an increase in TNF-α production by macrophages upon infection through the bacterial methyl-citrate pathway. To induce the protective effects of SCFAs on the inflamed gut, we used a G-protein-coupled receptor 43 agonist (GPR43 agonist) that is not metabolizable by intestinal bacteria. Interestingly, this agonist showed anti-inflammatory properties and decreased the severity of colitis in AIEC-infected mice, as assessed by an improvement in the disease activity index (DAI) and a decrease in AIEC pathobiont encroachment. Taken together, these results highlight the effectiveness of GPR43 agonist treatment in the control of gut inflammation and improved our understanding of the ability of AIEC to modulate propionate availability to create an infectious niche to its advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Agus
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ISH), Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France,Allison Agus Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Richard
- Department of Pharmacology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tiphanie Faïs
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ISH), Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emilie Vazeille
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ISH), Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Service d’Hépato-Gastro Entérologie, 3iHP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélissa Chervy
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ISH), Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Virginie Bonnin
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ISH), Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Dalmasso
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ISH), Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérémy Denizot
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ISH), Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Institut Universitaire De Technologie, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elisabeth Billard
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ISH), Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Institut Universitaire De Technologie, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Richard Bonnet
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ISH), Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anthony Buisson
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ISH), Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Service d’Hépato-Gastro Entérologie, 3iHP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ISH), Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Institut Universitaire De Technologie, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Delmas
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation Et Susceptibilité De l’Hôte (M2ISH), Centre De Recherche En Nutrition Humaine Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France,CONTACT Julien Delmas
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25
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Zhang S, Xu M, Sun X, Liu X, Choueiry F, Xu R, Shi H, Zhu J. Black raspberry extract shifted gut microbe diversity and their metabolic landscape in a human colonic model. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1188:123027. [PMID: 34864424 PMCID: PMC8752492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota is critical for human health, as their dysbiosis could lead to various diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome and obesity. Black raspberry (BRB) has been increasingly studied recently for its impact on gut microbiota as a rich source of phytochemicals (e.g., anthocyanin). To investigate the effect of BRB extract on the gut microbiota composition and their metabolism, an in-vitro human colonic model (HCM) was utilized to study the direct interaction between BRB and gut microbiome. Conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, anaerobic environment) in HCM were closely monitored and maintained to simulate the human intestinal system. Fresh fecal samples donated by three young healthy volunteers were used for gut microbiota inoculation in the HCM. 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) based metabolomics were performed to study the impact of BRB on gut microbiota characteristics and their metabolism (fatty acids, polar metabolites, and phenolic compounds). Our data suggested that BRB intervention modulated gut microbiota at the genus level in different HCM sections mimicing ascending, transverse, and descending colons. Relative abundance of Enterococcus was commonly decreased in all colon sections, while modulations of other bacteria genera were mostly location-dependent. Meanwhile, significant changes in the metabolic profile of gut microbiota related to fatty acids, endogenous polar metabolites, and phenolic compounds were detected, in which arginine and proline metabolism, lysine degradation, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis were mostly regulated. Moreover, we identified several significant associations between altered microbial populations and changes in microbial metabolites. In summary, our study revealed the impact of BRB intervention on gut microbiota composition and metabolism change, which may exert physiological change to host metabolism and host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xuyu Liu
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Fouad Choueiry
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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26
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Włodarczyk J, Czerwiński B, Fichna J. Short-chain fatty acids-microbiota crosstalk in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1198-1207. [PMID: 36166147 PMCID: PMC9513287 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) still remains a major challenge to the health-care systems worldwide, inciting ongoing search for pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions which could benefit patients already infected with SARS-CoV-2 or at increased risk thereof. Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory system, it may also infect other organs and systems, including gastrointestinal tract, where it results in microbial dysbiosis. There is an emerging understanding of the role the gut microbiota plays in maintaining immune homeostasis, both inside the gastrointestinal tract and beyond (i.e. through gut-lung and gut-brain axes). One family of compounds with recognized immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties are short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are believed that they have a protective effect in case of gastrointestinal diseases. Moreover, they are responsible for maintaining proper intestinal barrier and they take part in relevant immune functions. This review presents mechanisms of action and potential benefits of SCFA-based probiotics and direct SCFA supplementation as a strategy to support immune function amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Włodarczyk
- grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland ,grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Czerwiński
- grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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27
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Maioli TU, Borras-Nogues E, Torres L, Barbosa SC, Martins VD, Langella P, Azevedo VA, Chatel JM. Possible Benefits of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii for Obesity-Associated Gut Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:740636. [PMID: 34925006 PMCID: PMC8677946 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.740636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are an increasing concern in the industrialized world. Current research has shown a direct link between the composition of the gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. In only a few weeks, an obesity-inducing diet can lead to increased gut permeability and microbial dysbiosis, which contributes to chronic inflammation in the gut and adipose tissues, and to the development of insulin resistance. In this review, we examine the interplay between gut inflammation, insulin resistance, and the gut microbiota, and discuss how some probiotic species can be used to modulate gut homeostasis. We focus primarily on Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a highly abundant butyrate-producing bacterium that has been proposed both as a biomarker for the development of different gut pathologies and as a potential treatment due to its production of anti-inflammatory metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Licia Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sara Candida Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Dantas Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Philippe Langella
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vasco Ariston Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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28
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Balbaied T, Moore E. Real-Time Impedance Monitoring of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Release by Microelectrode Arrays. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.2002888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanih Balbaied
- Sensing & Separation Group, School of Chemistry and Life Science Interface, University College Cork, Tyndall National Institute, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric Moore
- Sensing & Separation Group, School of Chemistry and Life Science Interface, University College Cork, Tyndall National Institute, Cork, Ireland
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29
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Dal Buono A, Carvello M, Sachar DB, Spinelli A, Danese S, Roda G. Diversion proctocolitis and the problem of the forgotten rectum in inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review. United European Gastroenterol J 2021; 9:1157-1167. [PMID: 34845854 PMCID: PMC8672074 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Diversion proctocolitis (DP) is a non‐specific mucosal inflammation arising in the defunctionalized colon and/or rectum following faecal diversion (colostomy, ileostomy). Differential diagnosis of DP from the underlying disease in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is often unclear. As a result, it might be difficult to undertake any specific treatment. We aimed to systematically review the literature evidence on DP in IBD patients. Methods For this qualitative systematic review, we searched PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus to identify all studies published until July 2021 including IBD patients affected by DP. Results Overall, 37 papers published between 1982 and 2021 were included. A total of 1.211 IBD patients were included: 613 UC (50.6%), 524 CD (43.3%), 66 IBD‐unclassified (IBD‐U) (5.4%), 8 unspecified patients (0.7%). Most patients with DP are asymptomatic, although inflammation is detectable in almost all patients with a rectal stump. Reduced short‐chain fatty acids and an altered microbiome, may trigger mucosal inflammation and have been proposed as causing factors. An increased risk of developing cancer on DP has been reported in patients with a history of previous dysplasia/cancer. Conclusions The etiopathogenesis of DP is still unknown. The efficacy of mesalamine, corticosteroids or short‐chain fatty acids has not been proven by randomized trials yet. Since the incidence of cancer of the rectal stump can reach 4.5 per 1.000 diverted patients‐year, IBD patients undergoing subtotal colectomy with end‐ileostomy should undergo close endoscopic surveillance, being eventually counseled for surgery with or without the restoration of the intestinal continuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Dal Buono
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Research Hospital - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carvello
- Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, Humanitas Research Hospital - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - David B Sachar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Antonino Spinelli
- Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, Humanitas Research Hospital - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Roda
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Research Hospital - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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30
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Lee JG, Lee J, Lee AR, Jo SV, Park CH, Han DS, Eun CS. Impact of short-chain fatty acid supplementation on gut inflammation and microbiota composition in a murine colitis model. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 101:108926. [PMID: 34848335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the effects of SCFA supplementation on gut inflammation and microbiota composition in a murine colitis model. Mice were fed with sodium butyrate or a mixture of SCFAs in the drinking water for 2 weeks, followed by 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 d. After euthanasia, mouse colons were extracted to examine histological findings. Flow cytometry of the mouse colon tissues was performed to assess T cell differentiation. Changes in gut microbiota were assessed by high-throughput sequencing of the mouse feces. There were no significant differences in weight change, colonic length, or histologic inflammation score between the DSS, butyrate, and SCFA mix groups. However, flow cytometry revealed that both the expression of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and of IL-17-producing T cells were increased in the butyrate and SCFA mix groups. Microbial compositions of the butyrate and SCFA mix groups were significantly different from those of the control and DSS groups in principal coordinate analysis. Relative abundances of the phyla Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria, species Akkermansia muciniphila and Escherichia fergusonii were increased in the butyrate and SCFA mix groups. Genera Roseburia and Lactobacillus showed a negative correlation with the degree of colitis, whereas genera Escherichia and Mucispirillum showed a positive correlation. SCFA supplementation did not result in a significant reduction in colon inflammation, but it promoted both regulatory T cell and IL-17-producing T cell expression, and increased both protective and aggressive gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - A-Reum Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Su Vin Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Chan Hyuk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Chang Soo Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea.
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31
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Debnath N, Kumar R, Kumar A, Mehta PK, Yadav AK. Gut-microbiota derived bioactive metabolites and their functions in host physiology. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2021; 37:105-153. [PMID: 34678130 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2021.1989847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Every individual harbours a complex, diverse and mutualistic microbial flora in their intestine and over the time it became an integral part of the body, affecting a plethora of activities of the host. Interaction between host and gut-microbiota affects several aspects of host physiology. Gut-microbiota affects host metabolism by fermenting unabsorbed/undigested carbohydrates in the large intestine. Not only the metabolic functions, any disturbances in the composition of the gut-microbiota during first 2-3 years of life may impact on the brain development and later affects cognition and behaviour. Thus, gut-dysbiosis causes certain serious pathological conditions in the host including metabolic disorders, inflammatory bowel disease and mood alterations, etc. Microbial-metabolites in recent times have emerged as key mediators and are responsible for microbiota induced beneficial effects on host. This review provides an overview of the mechanism of microbial-metabolite production, their respective physiological functions and the impact of gut-microbiome in health and diseases. Metabolites from dietary fibres, aromatic amino acids such as tryptophan, primary bile acids and others are the potential substances and link microbiota to host physiology. Many of these metabolites act as signalling molecules to a number of cells types and also help in the secretion of hormones. Moreover, interaction of microbiota derived metabolites with their host, immunity boosting mechanisms, protection against pathogens and modulation of metabolism is also highlighted here. Understanding all these functional attributes of metabolites produced from gut-microbiota may lead to the opening of a new avenue for preventing and developing potent therapies against several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabendu Debnath
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | | | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Jant-Pali, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Mehta
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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32
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Kido M, Tamura R, Yasui Y, Okajima H. Novel application of infliximab for diversion colitis. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e243284. [PMID: 34598959 PMCID: PMC8488724 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversion colitis (DC) that was refractory to standard treatments was successfully treated with infliximab. A 24-year-old man with a transverse colostomy suffered from severe DC. Topical steroids, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) enemas and synbiotics were initially effective, and the colostomy was successfully closed with a covering ileostomy to minimise the risk of anastomotic leakage owing to the damaged colon. DC subsequently relapsed in the entire colon and was refractory to the previous protocol and autologous faecal transplantation. Intravenous methylprednisolone and oral 5-ASA were discontinued owing to possible adverse effects. Infliximab with intravenous prednisolone was introduced, and the protocol was so effective in suppressing the acute colitis that total colectomy was avoided. The stoma was subsequently closed, and the patient is currently symptom-free. Infliximab is used for ulcerative colitis but could also be effective against severe DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miori Kido
- Department of surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
- Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun, Japan
| | - Ryo Tamura
- Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Yasui
- Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okajima
- Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun, Japan
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33
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Eshleman EM, Alenghat T. Epithelial sensing of microbiota-derived signals. Genes Immun 2021; 22:237-246. [PMID: 33824498 PMCID: PMC8492766 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbors trillions of microbial species, collectively termed the microbiota, which establish a symbiotic relationship with the host. Decades of research have emphasized the necessity of microbial signals in the development, maturation, and function of host physiology. However, changes in the composition or containment of the microbiota have been linked to the development of several chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are in constant contact with the microbiota and are critical for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Signals from the microbiota are directly sensed by IECs and influence intestinal health by calibrating immune cell responses and fortifying intestinal barrier function. IECs detect commensal microbes through engagement of common pattern recognition receptors or by sensing the production of microbial-derived metabolites. Deficiencies in these microbial-detecting pathways in IECs leads to impaired epithelial barrier function and altered intestinal homeostasis. This Review aims to highlight the pathways by which IECs sense microbiota-derived signals and the necessity of these detection pathways in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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34
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Smith SA, Ogawa SA, Chau L, Whelan KA, Hamilton KE, Chen J, Tan L, Chen EZ, Keilbaugh S, Fogt F, Bewtra M, Braun J, Xavier RJ, Clish CB, Slaff B, Weljie AM, Bushman FD, Lewis JD, Li H, Master SR, Bennett MJ, Nakagawa H, Wu GD. Mitochondrial dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease alters intestinal epithelial metabolism of hepatic acylcarnitines. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:133371. [PMID: 33141762 DOI: 10.1172/jci133371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As the interface between the gut microbiota and the mucosal immune system, there has been great interest in the maintenance of colonic epithelial integrity through mitochondrial oxidation of butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by the gut microbiota. Herein, we showed that the intestinal epithelium could also oxidize long-chain fatty acids, and that luminally delivered acylcarnitines in bile could be consumed via apical absorption by the intestinal epithelium, resulting in mitochondrial oxidation. Finally, intestinal inflammation led to mitochondrial dysfunction in the apical domain of the surface epithelium that may reduce the consumption of fatty acids, contributing to higher concentrations of fecal acylcarnitines in murine Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis and human inflammatory bowel disease. These results emphasized the importance of both the gut microbiota and the liver in the delivery of energy substrates for mitochondrial metabolism by the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sayaka A Ogawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lillian Chau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lu Tan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric Z Chen
- Department of Informatics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sue Keilbaugh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Franz Fogt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meenakshi Bewtra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barry Slaff
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James D Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen R Master
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J Bennett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gary D Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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35
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Baldewijns S, Sillen M, Palmans I, Vandecruys P, Van Dijck P, Demuyser L. The Role of Fatty Acid Metabolites in Vaginal Health and Disease: Application to Candidiasis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705779. [PMID: 34276639 PMCID: PMC8282898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the vast majority of women encounters at least one vaginal infection during their life, the amount of microbiome-related research performed in this area lags behind compared to alternative niches such as the intestinal tract. As a result, effective means of diagnosis and treatment, especially of recurrent infections, are limited. The role of the metabolome in vaginal health is largely elusive. It has been shown that lactate produced by the numerous lactobacilli present promotes health by limiting the chance of infection. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) have been mainly linked to dysbiosis, although the causality of this relationship is still under debate. In this review, we aim to bring together information on the role of the vaginal metabolome and microbiome in infections caused by Candida. Vulvovaginal candidiasis affects near to 70% of all women at least once in their life with a significant proportion of women suffering from the recurrent variant. We assess the role of fatty acid metabolites, mainly SCFA and lactate, in onset of infection and virulence of the fungal pathogen. In addition, we pinpoint where lack of research limits our understanding of the molecular processes involved and restricts the possibility of developing novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Baldewijns
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mart Sillen
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Palmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Vandecruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Demuyser
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
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36
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Rodríguez-Padilla Á, Morales-Martín G, Pérez-Quintero R, Rada-Morgades R, Gómez-Salgado J, Ruiz-Frutos C. Diversion Colitis and Probiotic Stimulation: Effects of Bowel Stimulation Prior to Ileostomy Closure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:654573. [PMID: 34249962 PMCID: PMC8267790 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.654573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diversion colitis is a non-specific inflammation of a defunctionalised segment of the colon after a temporary stoma has been performed. This inflammation is associated with a change in the colonic flora. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative stimulation of the efferent loop with probiotics prior to closure of the protective ileostomy in patients operated on colorectal carcinoma and its effect on diversion colitis. A prospective, randomised, double-blind, controlled study is carried out. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for colorectal carcinoma with protective ileostomy pending reconstructive surgery and with diversion colitis as diagnosis are included. Randomised and divided into two groups. Histological and endoscopic changes were evaluated after stimulation, after restorative surgery and during the short-term follow-up after surgery. Results: Patients in CG were distributed according to the endoscopic index of severity in pre-stimulation/post-stimulation as follows: severe n = 9/9 (25.7%), moderate n = 23/23 (65.7%), and mild n = 3/3 (8.6%); compared to the distribution in SG, severe n = 9/0 (26.5/0%), moderate n = 23/3 (67.6/8.8%), mild n = 2/19 (5.9/55.9%) and normal colonoscopy in 0/12 patients (0/35.3%). Conclusion: Probiotic stimulation of the efferent loop is a safe and effective method, managing to reduce both macroscopic and microscopic colitis, as well as a decrease in symptoms in the short term after reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Germán Morales-Martín
- Department of General Surgery, Infanta Elena University Clinical Hospital, Huelva, Spain
| | - Rocío Pérez-Quintero
- Department of General Surgery, Juan Ramón Jiménez University Clinical Hospital, Huelva, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rada-Morgades
- Department of General Surgery, Juan Ramón Jiménez University Clinical Hospital, Huelva, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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37
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Alves Junior AJT, Pereira JA, Ávila MGD, Domingues FA, Sato DT, Martinez CAR. Tissue content of metalloproteinase-9 and collagen in the colon with and without fecal stream after intervention with infliximab in rats subjected to Hartmann's surgery. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 36:e360401. [PMID: 34008743 PMCID: PMC8128352 DOI: 10.1590/acb360401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantify the tissue content of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and collagen in colic mucosa with and without intestinal transit after infliximab administration in rats subjected to Hartmann's surgery. METHODS Twenty-two rats underwent colon diversion by Hartmann's surgery. Animals were maintained with intestinal bypass for 12 weeks to induce development of diversion colitis (DC). Afterwards, animals were divided into three groups: first group received subcutaneous application of saline solution (SS) 0.9%, while the remaining two groups received infliximab subcutaneously at doses of 5 or 10 mg·kg-1·week-1 for five consecutive weeks. After the intervention, animals were sacrificed, removing the segments with and without intestinal transit. Diversion colitis was diagnosed by histological study, and its intensity was determined by a validated inflammatory scale. Tissue expression of MMP-9 was assessed byimmunohistochemistry, while total collagen was assessed by histochemistry. Tissue content of both was measuredby computerized morphometry. RESULTS Colon segments without intestinal transit had a higher degree of inflammation, which improved in animals treated with infliximab. Collagen content was always lower in those without intestinal transit. There was an increase in the collagen content in the colon without transit in animals treated with infliximab, primarily at a dose of 10 mg·kg-1·week-1. There was an increase in the content of MMP-9 in the colon without fecal transit, and a reduction was observed in animals treated with infliximab, regardless of the dose used. CONCLUSIONS Application of infliximab reduces inflammation, increases the total collagen content and decreases the content of MMP-9 in the colon without intestinal transit.
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38
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Serological Biomarkers and Diversion Colitis: Changes after Stimulation with Probiotics. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050684. [PMID: 34063276 PMCID: PMC8147466 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversion colitis is a non-specific inflammation of a defunctionalised segment of the colon after a temporary stoma has been performed. This inflammation is associated with an alteration of certain inflammatory serum markers. The aims of this study were, firstly, to evaluate the modification of inflammatory biomarkers after stimulation with probiotics prior to closure of the protective ileostomy. Secondly, to identify if a relationship could be established between the severity of diversion colitis and the alteration of inflammatory biomarkers in the blood. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study was conducted. Patients who underwent surgery for colorectal carcinoma with protective ileostomy between January 2017 and December 2018 were included, pending reconstructive surgery and with diversion colitis as diagnosis. The sample was randomly divided into a group stimulated with probiotics (SG) (n = 34) and a control group (CG) (n = 35). Histological and endoscopic changes were evaluated after stimulation, after restorative surgery and during the short-term follow-up after surgery, including the correlation with pro-inflammatory biomarkers in blood. As main findings, a significant decrease in C-reactive protein (CRP), Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR ratio), and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (LMR ratio) was observed in the SG versus the CG with a p < 0.001. A significant increase in transferrin values and in the platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was observed in the SG versus CG after stimulation with probiotics with a p < 0.001. A normalisation of CRP and transferrin levels was observed in the third month of follow-up after closure ileostomy, and NLR, LMR and PLR ratios were equal in both groups. Decreased modified Glasgow prognostic score was found in SG compared to CG after probiotic stimulation (p < 0.001). The endoscopic and histological severity of diversion colitis is associated with a greater alteration of blood inflammatory biomarkers. The stimulation with probiotics prior to reconstructive surgery promotes an early normalization of these parameters.
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39
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Mirzaei R, Afaghi A, Babakhani S, Sohrabi MR, Hosseini-Fard SR, Babolhavaeji K, Khani Ali Akbari S, Yousefimashouf R, Karampoor S. Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in cancer development and prevention. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111619. [PMID: 33906079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Following cancer, cells in a particular tissue can no longer respond to the factors involved in controlling cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, and death. In recent years, it has been indicated that alterations in the gut microbiota components, intestinal epithelium, and host immune system are associated with cancer incidence. Also, it has been demonstrated that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generated by gut microbiota are vitally crucial in cell homeostasis as they contribute to the modulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs), resulting effected cell attachment, immune cell immigration, cytokine production, chemotaxis, and the programmed cell death. Therefore, the manipulation of SCFA levels in the intestinal tract by alterations in the microbiota structure can be potentially taken into consideration for cancer treatment/prevention. In the current study, we will explain the most recent findings on the detrimental or protective roles of SFCA (particularly butyrate, propionate, and acetate) in several cancers, including bladder, colon, breast, stomach, liver, lung, pancreas, and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azam Afaghi
- Department of Biology, Sofian Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sofian, Iran
| | - Sajad Babakhani
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Reza Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiandokht Babolhavaeji
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shabnam Khani Ali Akbari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yousefimashouf
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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40
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Rodríguez-Padilla Á, Morales-Martín G, Pérez-Quintero R, Gómez-Salgado J, Rada-Morgades R, Ruiz-Frutos C. Diversion Colitis: Macro and Microscopic Findings after Probiotics Stimulation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040303. [PMID: 33917556 PMCID: PMC8067519 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The observations presented in this study conclude that the preoperative stimulation with probiotics of the efferent loop through the dysfunctional bowel, to allow the slow infusion, can have a reducing effect on the endoscopic and histopathological alterations of diversion colitis. This procedure may be an alternative treatment to resolve the inflammation in patients where the surgical option is not feasible or available. Abstract The use of a loop ileostomy as the defunctioning procedure of choice to protect a distal colonic anastomosis causes histological and endoscopic changes in the intestinal mucosal architecture, which have been related to chronic inflammation and changes in the microflora that consequently impact the intestinal structure and function following fecal stream diversion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological and endoscopic changes on the colonic mucosa in patients with diversion colitis after stimulation of the efferent loop with probiotics prior to closure of the protective ileostomy. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study was designed. All patients who underwent surgery for colorectal carcinoma with protective ileostomy between January 2017 and December 2018 were included. These patients were pending reconstructive surgery and were diagnosed with endoscopic and histological diversion colitis. Divided into two groups, a group stimulated with probiotics (SG) and a control group (CG). 34 cases and 35 controls were included in the study. Histological and endoscopic changes were evaluated after stimulation, after restorative surgery and during the short-term follow-up after surgery. A decrease in endoscopic pathological findings (mucosal friability, mucous erosions, polyps, edema, erythema and stenosis) and in histological findings (follicular hyperplasia, eosinophils, cryptic abscesses, lymphocyte infiltration, plasma cell infiltration and architecture distortion) was observed in SG. These results were statistically significant with a p < 0.001. The stimulation of the efferent loop of the ileostomy in patients with diversion colitis produced a decrease of the endoscopic and histological severity of colitis in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Rodríguez-Padilla
- Department of General Surgery, Infanta Elena University Clinical Hospital, 21080 Huelva, Spain; (Á.R.-P.); (G.M.-M.)
| | - Germán Morales-Martín
- Department of General Surgery, Infanta Elena University Clinical Hospital, 21080 Huelva, Spain; (Á.R.-P.); (G.M.-M.)
| | - Rocío Pérez-Quintero
- Department of General Surgery, Juan Ramón Jiménez University Clinical Hospital, 21005 Huelva, Spain; (R.P.-Q.); (R.R.-M.)
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-959219700
| | - Ricardo Rada-Morgades
- Department of General Surgery, Juan Ramón Jiménez University Clinical Hospital, 21005 Huelva, Spain; (R.P.-Q.); (R.R.-M.)
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
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Hajjar R, Richard CS, Santos MM. The role of butyrate in surgical and oncological outcomes in colorectal cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G601-G608. [PMID: 33404375 PMCID: PMC8238168 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00316.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid produced by colonic gut bacteria as a result of fermentation of dietary fibers. In the colon, butyrate is a major energy substrate and contributes to the nutritional support and proliferation of a healthy mucosa. It also promotes the intestinal barrier function by enhancing mucus production and tight junctions. In addition to its pro-proliferative effect in healthy colonocytes, butyrate inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells. The antineoplastic effect of butyrate is associated with the inhibitory effect of butyrate on histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, which promote carcinogenesis. Due to the metabolic shift of cancer cells toward glycolysis, unused butyrate accumulates and inhibits procarcinogenic HDACs. In addition, recent studies suggest that butyrate may improve the healing of colonic tissue after surgery in animal models, specifically at the site of reconnection of colonic ends, anastomosis, after surgical resection. Here, we review current evidence on the impact of butyrate on epithelial integrity and colorectal cancer and present current knowledge on data that support its potential applications in surgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Hajjar
- 1Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada,2Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carole S. Richard
- 1Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada,2Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manuela M. Santos
- 1Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada,3Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Dysbiosis in Metabolic Genes of the Gut Microbiomes of Patients with an Ileo-anal Pouch Resembles That Observed in Crohn's Disease. mSystems 2021; 6:6/2/e00984-20. [PMID: 33653942 PMCID: PMC8546988 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00984-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and pouchitis are multifactorial and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Pouchitis develops in former UC patients after proctocolectomy and ileal-pouch-anal anastomosis and is characterized by inflammation of the previously normal small intestine comprising the pouch. The extent to which microbial functional alteration (dysbiosis) in pouchitis resembles that of CD or UC has not been investigated, and the pathogenesis of pouchitis remains unknown. We collected 208 fecal metagenomes from 69 patients with a pouch (normal pouch and pouchitis) and compared them to publicly available metagenomes of patients with CD (n = 88), patients with UC (n = 76), and healthy controls (n = 56). Patients with pouchitis presented the highest alterations in species, metabolic pathways, and enzymes, which was correlated with intestinal inflammation. Ruminococcus gnavus strains encoding mucin-degrading glycoside hydrolases were highly enriched in pouchitis. Butyrate and secondary bile acid biosynthesis pathways were decreased in IBD phenotypes and were especially low in pouchitis. Pathways such as amino acid biosynthesis and degradation of aromatic compounds and sugars, encoded by members of the Enterobacteriaceae, were enriched in pouch and CD but not in UC. We developed microbial feature-based classifiers that can distinguish between patients with a normal pouch and pouchitis and identified species and genes that were predictive of pouchitis. We propose that the noninflamed pouch is already dysbiotic and microbially is similar to CD. Our study reveals microbial functions that outline the pathogenesis of pouchitis and suggests bacterial groups and functions that could be targeted for intervention to attenuate small intestinal inflammation present in pouchitis and CD. IMPORTANCE Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and pouchitis are chronic inflammatory conditions of the bowel. Pouchitis develops in former UC patients after proctocolectomy and ileal-pouch-anal anastomosis and is characterized by inflammation of the previously normal small intestine comprising the pouch. The extent to which microbial dysbiosis in patients with pouchitis resembles that of CD or UC and the pathogenesis of pouchitis remains unclear. We investigated the functions in the gut microbiomes of these patients using metagenomics. We found that the noninflamed pouch is already dysbiotic and microbially is similar to CD. Our study reveals microbial functions with a potential role in pouchitis pathogenesis such as depletion in butyrate and secondary bile acid synthesis and enrichment of amino acid synthesis and degradation of aromatic compounds, encoded by members of the Enterobacteriaceae. We developed microbial feature-based classifiers that can distinguish between patients with a normal pouch and pouchitis and identified species and genes that were predictive of pouchitis. We suggest species and functions that could be targeted for intervention to attenuate small intestinal inflammation present in pouchitis and CD.
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Hennessy O, Egan L, Joyce M. Subtotal colectomy in ulcerative colitis—long term considerations for the rectal stump. World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:198-209. [PMID: 33643539 PMCID: PMC7898189 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i2.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initial operation of choice in many patients presenting as an emergency with ulcerative colitis is a subtotal colectomy with end ileostomy. A percentage of patients do not proceed to completion proctectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis.
AIM To review the existing literature in relation to the significant long-term complic-ations associated with the rectal stump, to provide an overview of options for the surgical management of remnant rectum and anal canal and to form a consolidated guideline on endoscopic screening recommendations in this cohort.
METHODS A systematic review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines for papers containing recommendations for endoscopy surveillance in rectal remnants in ulcerative colitis. A secondary narrative review was carried out exploring the medical and surgical management options for the retained rectum.
RESULTS For rectal stump surveillance guidelines, 20% recommended an interval of 6 mo to a year, 50% recommended yearly surveillance 10% recommended 2 yearly surveillance and the remaining 30% recommended risk stratification of patients and different screening intervals based on this. All studies agreed surveillance should be carried out via endoscopy and biopsy. Increased vigilance is needed in endoscopy in these patients. Literature review revealed a number of options for surgical management of the remnant rectum.
CONCLUSION The retained rectal stump needs to be surveyed endoscopically according to risk stratification. Great care must be taken to avoid rectal perforation and pelvic sepsis at time of endoscopy. If completion proctectomy is indicated the authors favour removal of the anal canal using an intersphincteric dissection technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla Hennessy
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Galway University Hospital, Galway H91RR2N, Ireland
| | - Laurence Egan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Galway University Hospital, Galway H91RR2N, Ireland
| | - Myles Joyce
- Department of Gastroenterology, Galway University Hospital, Galway H91RR2N, Ireland
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Campos-Perez W, Martinez-Lopez E. Effects of short chain fatty acids on metabolic and inflammatory processes in human health. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158900. [PMID: 33571672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Butyrate, propionate, and acetate are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mainly produced by bacterial metabolism in the human gut after dietary fiber intake. SCFAs are considered important for health maintenance by promoting lipid, glucose, and immune homeostasis with an adequate composition of intestinal microbiota, including other beneficial effects like providing protection against colorectal cancer. Therapies with exogenous SCFAs have been proposed to reduce inflammation in intestinal diseases that result from SCFA dysbiosis and cause mucosal inflammation. The aim of this mini-review was to provide an overview of the importance of SCFAs on metabolic and inflammatory processes as well as their role in treating chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Campos-Perez
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erika Martinez-Lopez
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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ALVES JR AJT, GOTO EFK, PEREIRA JA, DOMINGUES FA, ÁVILA MGD, COY CSR, MARTINEZ CAR. EXPRESSÃO DE E-CADERINA E CLAUDINA-3 NO EPITÉLIO CÓLICO APÓS TERAPIA COM INFLIXIMABE: MODELO EXPERIMENTAL DE COLITE DE EXCLUSÃO. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2021; 34:e1639. [PMID: 35107501 PMCID: PMC8846491 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020210002e1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO - RACIONAL: A etiopatogenia da colite por desuso (DC) ainda não foi totalmente elucidada. As principais teorias consideram que a doença pode estar relacionada ao aumento de bactérias anaeróbias, falta de suprimento de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) e distúrbios imunológicos que se desenvolvem em segmentos colorretais desprovidos de trânsito fecal. OBJETIVO: Verificar se a aplicação de infliximabe modifica o conteúdo tecidual das proteínas E-caderina e claudina-3 no epitélio cólico de ratos sem trânsito intestinal. MÉTODOS: Vinte dois ratos foram submetidos a derivação do trânsito intestinal pelo procedimento de Hartmann. Eles permaneceram com o ostoma por 12 semanas para permitir o desenvolvimento da colite de exclusão. Em seguida, foram divididos em três grupos experimentais: seis animais receberam 2,0 ml de solução salina/semana, oito infliximabe na dose de 5 mg/Kg/semana e, os demais, infliximabe na dose de 10 mg/Kg/semana por 5 semanas consecutivas. Em seguida, os animais foram eutanasiados e os segmentos cólicos com e sem trânsito intestinal foram removidos. A colite por desuso foi diagnosticada pelas alterações histológicas definidas por uma escala previamente validada. Expressão tecidual de E-caderina e claudina-3 foi avaliada por imuno-histoquímica, e o conteúdo tecidual de ambas as proteínas foi quantificado por análise de imagem assistida por computador. RESULTADOS: Segmentos cólicos exclusos de trânsito fecal apresentaram maior grau de inflamação do que os expostos ao trânsito fecal. Inflamação foi menor nos animais tratados com infliximabe, independente da dose utilizada. Níveis de E-caderina e claudina-3 estavam reduzidos no cólon excluso. O tratamento com infliximabe aumentou os níveis das proteínas em segmentos do cólon sem trânsito intestinal, principalmente nos animais que receberam a dose de 10mg/kg/semana. CONCLUSÃO: Infliximabe reduz inflamação nos segmentos do cólon excluso e aumenta o conteúdo tecidual de E-caderina e claudina-3, especialmente na concentração de 10mg/kg/semana.
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Coker JK, Moyne O, Rodionov DA, Zengler K. Carbohydrates great and small, from dietary fiber to sialic acids: How glycans influence the gut microbiome and affect human health. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-18. [PMID: 33615984 PMCID: PMC7899658 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1869502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome composition depends heavily upon diet and has strong ties to human health. Dietary carbohydrates shape the gut microbiome by providing a potent nutrient source for particular microbes. This review explores how dietary carbohydrates in general, including individual monosaccharides and complex polysaccharides, influence the gut microbiome with subsequent effects on host health and disease. In particular, the effects of sialic acids, a prominent and influential class of monosaccharides, are discussed. Complex plant carbohydrates, such as dietary fiber, generally promote microbial production of compounds beneficial to the host while preventing degradation of host carbohydrates from colonic mucus. In contrast, simple and easily digestible sugars such as glucose are often associated with adverse effects on health and the microbiome. The monosaccharide class of sialic acids exerts a powerful but nuanced effect on gut microbiota. Sialic acid consumption (in monosaccharide form, or as part of human milk oligosaccharides or certain animal-based foods) drives the growth of organisms with sialic acid metabolism capabilities. Minor chemical modifications of Neu5Ac, the most common form of sialic acid, can alter these effects. All aspects of carbohydrate composition are therefore relevant to consider when designing dietary therapeutic strategies to alter the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Coker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Oriane Moyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Dmitry A. Rodionov
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, USA
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Karsten Zengler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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Tominaga K, Tsuchiya A, Mizusawa T, Matsumoto A, Minemura A, Oka K, Takahashi M, Yosida T, Kawata Y, Takahashi K, Sato H, Ikarashi S, Hayashi K, Mizuno KI, Tajima Y, Nakano M, Shimada Y, Kameyama H, Yokoyama J, Wakai T, Terai S. Evaluation of intestinal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and immunoglobulin a in diversion colitis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 25:100892. [PMID: 33458259 PMCID: PMC7797511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is reported that an increase in aerobic bacteria, a lack of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and immune disorders in the diverted colon are major causes of diversion colitis. However, the precise pathogenesis of this condition remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the microbiota, intestinal SCFAs, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the diverted colon. Eight patients underwent operative procedures for colostomies. We assessed the diverted colon using endoscopy and obtained intestinal samples from the diverted colon and oral colon in these patients. We analyzed the microbiota and SCFAs of the intestinal samples. The bacterial communities were investigated using a 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. The microbiota demonstrated a change in the proportion of some species, especially Lactobacillus, which significantly decreased in the diverted colon at the genus level. We also showed that intestinal SCFA values were significantly decreased in the diverted colon. Furthermore, intestinal IgA levels were significantly increased in the diverted colon. This study was the first to show that intestinal SCFAs were significantly decreased and intestinal IgA was significantly increased in the diverted colon. Our data suggest that SCFAs affect the microbiota and may play an immunological role in diversion colitis. Anaerobic bacteria like Lactobacillus significantly decreased in the diverted colon. Fecal short-chain fatty acids significantly decreased in the diverted colon. Acetic acid also decreased significantly in the diverted colon. Fecal immunoglobulin A levels were significantly increased in the diverted colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tominaga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizusawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Asami Matsumoto
- Research Department, R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayaka Minemura
- Research Department, R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oka
- Research Department, R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Motomichi Takahashi
- Research Department, R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yosida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kawata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikarashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazunao Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Mizuno
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tajima
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masato Nakano
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shimada
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kameyama
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Junji Yokoyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Jamka M, Kokot M, Kaczmarek N, Bermagambetova S, Nowak JK, Walkowiak J. The Effect of Sodium Butyrate Enemas Compared with Placebo on Disease Activity, Endoscopic Scores, and Histological and Inflammatory Parameters in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials. Complement Med Res 2020; 28:344-356. [PMID: 33352566 DOI: 10.1159/000512952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Administration of butyrate enemas might improve the health status of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the results seem equivocal. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to assess the effect of sodium butyrate enemas on disease activity index (DAI), endoscopic scores, as well as histological and inflammatory parameters in IBD patients. METHODS The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched. Randomised controlled trials published in English that assessed the effect of butyrate enemas on DAI, clinical symptoms, inflammatory markers, as well as histological and endoscopic scores in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were included in the analysis. RESULTS Eight studies involving 227 UC patients were included in this analysis. Only one study reported significant differences in DAI between groups. Besides, butyrate treatment groups did not differ significantly from controls concerning the effect on endoscopic and histological scores. Moreover, butyrate enemas exerted a significant effect on few inflammatory parameters measured in colonic mucosal biopsies. CONCLUSION The current evidence is limited and does not support the application of butyrate enemas in UC. There are no reliable data regarding the efficacy of butyrate enemas in CD. The systematic review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020163654).
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Jamka
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Kokot
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Nina Kaczmarek
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Jan Krzysztof Nowak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,
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Bilotta AJ, Ma C, Yang W, Yu Y, Yu Y, Zhao X, Zhou Z, Yao S, Dann SM, Cong Y. Propionate Enhances Cell Speed and Persistence to Promote Intestinal Epithelial Turnover and Repair. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1023-1044. [PMID: 33238220 PMCID: PMC7898181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gut bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play crucial roles in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. However, how SCFAs regulate epithelial turnover and tissue repair remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated how the SCFA propionate regulates cell migration to promote epithelial renewal and repair. METHODS Mouse small intestinal epithelial cells (MSIE) and human Caco-2 cells were used to determine the effects of SCFAs on gene expression, proliferation, migration, and cell spreading in vitro. Video microscopy and single cell tracking were used to assess cell migration kinetically. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and hydroxyurea were used to assess the effects of SCFAs on migration in vivo. Lastly, an acute colitis model using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to examine the effects of SCFAs in vivo. RESULTS Using video microscopy and single cell tracking, we found that propionate promoted intestinal epithelial cell migration by enhancing cell spreading and polarization, which led to increases in both cell speed and persistence. This novel function of propionate was dependent on inhibition of class I histone deacetylases (HDAC) and GPR43 and required signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Furthermore, using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and hydroxyurea in vivo, we found that propionate enhanced cell migration up the crypt-villus axis under homeostatic conditions, while also protecting against ulcer formation in experimental colitis. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a mechanism by which propionate stimulates cell migration in an HDAC inhibition, GPR43, and STAT3 dependent manner, and suggest that propionate plays an important role in epithelial migration independent of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Bilotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas,Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yanbo Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Suxia Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Sara M. Dann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Yingzi Cong, PhD, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 4.142C Medical Research Building, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555-1019. fax: (409) 772-5065.
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Hernández-Granados MJ, Franco-Robles E. Postbiotics in human health: Possible new functional ingredients? Food Res Int 2020; 137:109660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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