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Petrachkova T, Soldatkina O, Leduy L, Nepveu A. The BCL11A transcription factor stimulates the enzymatic activities of the OGG1 DNA glycosylase. Biol Chem 2024:hsz-2024-0088. [PMID: 39272221 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2024-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The BCL11A transcription factor has previously been shown to interact with and stimulate the enzymatic activities of the NTHL1 DNA glycosylase and Pol β polymerase. Here we show that BCL11A and a smaller peptide encompassing amino acids 160 to 520 can interact with the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, OGG1, increase the binding of OGG1 to DNA that contains an 8-oxoguanine base and stimulate the glycosylase activity of OGG1. Following BCL11A knockdown, we observed an increase in oxidized purines in the genome using comet assays, while immunoassays reveal an increase in 8-oxoG bases. Structure-function analysis indicates that the stimulation of OGG1 by BCL11A requires the zinc fingers 1, 2 and 3 as well as the proline-rich region between the first and second zing finger, but a glutamate-rich region downstream of zinc finger 3 is dispensable. Ectopic expression of a small peptide that contains the three zinc fingers can rescue the increase in 8-oxoguanine caused by BCL11A knockdown. These findings, together with previous results showing that BCL11A stimulates the enzymatic activities of NTHL1 and the Pol β polymerase, suggest that high expression of BCL11A is important to protect cancer cells against oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Petrachkova
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Olha Soldatkina
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Lam Leduy
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alain Nepveu
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Departments of Oncology, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
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2
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Nurmi AK, Pelttari LM, Kiiski JI, Khan S, Nurmikolu M, Suvanto M, Aho N, Tasmuth T, Kalso E, Schleutker J, Kallioniemi A, Heikkilä P, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Nevanlinna H. NTHL1 is a recessive cancer susceptibility gene. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21127. [PMID: 38036545 PMCID: PMC10689455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In search of novel breast cancer (BC) risk variants, we performed a whole-exome sequencing and variant analysis of 69 Finnish BC patients as well as analysed loss-of-function variants identified in DNA repair genes in the Finns from the Genome Aggregation Database. Additionally, we carried out a validation study of SERPINA3 c.918-1G>C, recently suggested for BC predisposition. We estimated the frequencies of 41 rare candidate variants in 38 genes by genotyping them in 2482-4101 BC patients and in 1273-3985 controls. We further evaluated all coding variants in the candidate genes in a dataset of 18,786 BC patients and 182,927 controls from FinnGen. None of the variants associated significantly with cancer risk in the primary BC series; however, in the FinnGen data, NTHL1 c.244C>T p.(Gln82Ter) associated with BC with a high risk for homozygous (OR = 44.7 [95% CI 6.90-290], P = 6.7 × 10-5) and a low risk for heterozygous women (OR = 1.39 [1.18-1.64], P = 7.8 × 10-5). Furthermore, the results suggested a high risk of colorectal, urinary tract, and basal-cell skin cancer for homozygous individuals, supporting NTHL1 as a recessive multi-tumour susceptibility gene. No significant association with BC risk was detected for SERPINA3 or any other evaluated gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Nurmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna I Kiiski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Nurmikolu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Suvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Aho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Tasmuth
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, and FICAN West Cancer Centre, and Department of Genomics, Laboratory Division, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, and BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Heikkilä
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Grot N, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Lis-Tanaś E, Kryszczyńska A, Nowakowska D, Jakubiuk-Tomaszuk A, Paszkowski J, Banasiewicz T, Hryhorowicz S, Pławski A. NTHL1 Gene Mutations in Polish Polyposis Patients-Weighty Player or Vague Background? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14548. [PMID: 37834005 PMCID: PMC10572874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple polyposes are heterogeneous diseases with different underlying molecular backgrounds, sharing a common symptom: the presence of transforming into cancerous intestinal polyps. Recent reports have indicated biallelic mutations in the NTHL1 gene, which is involved in base excision repair (BER), as predisposing to an elevated risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to evaluate the significance of the p.Q82* truncating variant in predisposition to intestinal polyposis by assessing its frequency in polyposis patients. We genotyped 644 Polish patients and 634 control DNA samples using high-resolution melting analysis (HRM) and Sanger sequencing. We found the p.Q82* variant in four polyposis patients; in three, it was homozygous (OR = 6.90, p value = 0.202). Moreover, the p.R92C mutation was detected in one patient. We also looked more closely at the disease course in patients carrying NTHL1 mutations. Two homozygous patients also presented other neoplasia. In the family case, we noticed the earlier presence of polyps in the proband and early hepatoblastoma in his brother. We cannot univocally confirm the relationship of p.Q82* with an increased risk of CRC. However, homozygous p.Q82* was more frequent by 10-fold in patients without other mutations identified, which makes NTHL1 gene screening in this group reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Grot
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (N.G.); (M.K.-R.); (E.L.-T.); (A.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Marta Kaczmarek-Ryś
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (N.G.); (M.K.-R.); (E.L.-T.); (A.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Emilia Lis-Tanaś
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (N.G.); (M.K.-R.); (E.L.-T.); (A.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Alicja Kryszczyńska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (N.G.); (M.K.-R.); (E.L.-T.); (A.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Dorota Nowakowska
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Cancer Prevention Department, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Jakubiuk-Tomaszuk
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mastermed Medical Center, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Paszkowski
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery and Gastroenterological Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.); (T.B.)
| | - Tomasz Banasiewicz
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery and Gastroenterological Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.); (T.B.)
| | - Szymon Hryhorowicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (N.G.); (M.K.-R.); (E.L.-T.); (A.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Andrzej Pławski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (N.G.); (M.K.-R.); (E.L.-T.); (A.K.); (S.H.)
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery and Gastroenterological Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.); (T.B.)
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4
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Pinto C, Guerra J, Pinheiro M, Escudeiro C, Santos C, Pinto P, Porto M, Bartosch C, Silva J, Peixoto A, Teixeira MR. Combined germline and tumor mutation signature testing identifies new families with NTHL1 tumor syndrome. Front Genet 2023; 14:1254908. [PMID: 37727376 PMCID: PMC10505957 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1254908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
NTHL1 tumor syndrome is an autosomal recessive rare disease caused by biallelic inactivating variants in the NTHL1 gene and which presents a broad tumor spectrum. To contribute to the characterization of the phenotype of this syndrome, we studied 467 index patients by KASP assay or next-generation sequencing, including 228 patients with colorectal polyposis and 239 patients with familial/personal history of multiple tumors (excluding multiple breast/ovarian/polyposis). Three NTHL1 tumor syndrome families were identified in the group of patients with polyposis and none in patients with familial/personal history of multiple tumors. Altogether, we identified nine affected patients with polyposis (two of them diagnosed after initiating colorectal cancer surveillance) with biallelic pathogenic or likely pathogenic NTHL1 variants, as well as two index patients with one pathogenic or likely pathogenic NTHL1 variant in concomitance with a missense variant of uncertain significance. Here we identified a novel inframe deletion classified as likely pathogenic using the ACMG criteria, supported also by tumor mutational signature analysis. Our findings indicate that the NTHL1 tumor syndrome is a multi-tumor syndrome strongly associated with polyposis and not with multiple tumors without polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pinto
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathological, Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Guerra
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pinheiro
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Escudeiro
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Santos
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pinto
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Porto
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Bartosch
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Silva
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Peixoto
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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5
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Tzoumpa S, Sevenet N, Bejar-Ardiles CL, Villette B, Zumelzu C, Benamouzig R, Caux F, Maubec E. Multiple basal cell carcinomas revealing a biallelic MUTYH gene mutation in a 39-year-old male patient. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:e327-e329. [PMID: 36151995 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tzoumpa
- Department of Dermatology, Avicenne University Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne-Paris-Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Nicolas Sevenet
- Department of Genetics, Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claudia-Luisa Bejar-Ardiles
- Department of Dermatology, Avicenne University Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne-Paris-Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Béatrice Villette
- Department of Dermatology, Avicenne University Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne-Paris-Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Coralie Zumelzu
- Department of Dermatology, Avicenne University Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne-Paris-Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Robert Benamouzig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Avicenne University Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne-Paris-Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Frédéric Caux
- Department of Dermatology, Avicenne University Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne-Paris-Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Eve Maubec
- Department of Dermatology, Avicenne University Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne-Paris-Nord University, Bobigny, France.,UMRS-1124, Campus Paris Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Paris University, Paris, France
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6
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Weatherill CB, Burke SA, Haskins CG, Berry DK, Homer JP, Demeure MJ, Darabi S. Six case reports of NTHL1-associated tumor syndrome further support it as a multi-tumor predisposition syndrome. Clin Genet 2023; 103:231-235. [PMID: 36196035 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
NTHL1-associated tumor syndrome (NATS) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by an increased risk for colorectal polyposis and colorectal cancer (CRC). Only 46 case reports have been previously published. In a retrospective review, we analyzed the clinical histories of six patients found to have NATS after genetic counseling and testing. NATS appears to be associated with an increased risk for colorectal polyposis, CRC, female breast cancer, meningiomas, and endometrial cancer. Although research is limited, prior publications have reported a multi-tumor predisposition for individuals with biallelic pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in NTHL1. Additional data are necessary to further define the cancer risks so affected individuals can be appropriately managed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah A Burke
- Department of Individualized Cancer Management, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Carolyn G Haskins
- Department of Individualized Cancer Management, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Darcy K Berry
- Department of Individualized Cancer Management, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jeanne P Homer
- Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, California, USA
| | - Michael J Demeure
- Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, California, USA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sourat Darabi
- Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, California, USA
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7
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Genetic Predisposition to Colorectal Cancer: How Many and Which Genes to Test? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032137. [PMID: 36768460 PMCID: PMC9916931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common tumors, and genetic predisposition is one of the key risk factors in the development of this malignancy. Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis are the best-known genetic diseases associated with hereditary colorectal cancer. However, some other genetic disorders confer an increased risk of colorectal cancer, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome (TP53 gene), MUTYH-associated polyposis (MUTYH gene), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (STK11 gene), Cowden syndrome (PTEN gene), and juvenile polyposis syndrome (BMPR1A and SMAD4 genes). Moreover, the recent advances in molecular techniques, in particular Next-Generation Sequencing, have led to the identification of many new genes involved in the predisposition to colorectal cancers, such as RPS20, POLE, POLD1, AXIN2, NTHL1, MSH3, RNF43 and GREM1. In this review, we summarized the past and more recent findings in the field of cancer predisposition genes, with insights into the role of the encoded proteins and into the associated genetic disorders. Furthermore, we discussed the possible clinical utility of genetic testing in terms of prevention protocols and therapeutic approaches.
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8
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Xu N, Fan Z, Liu W, Zhang C, Zhang J, Li L. Synchronous mantle cell lymphoma bone marrow involvement complicated with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:459. [PMID: 36380874 PMCID: PMC9650601 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with an advanced stage; it occurs frequently and affects the lymph nodes, spleen, blood and bone marrow. The synchronous occurrence of MCL bone marrow involvement (MCLBMI) and malignant tumors is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, synchronous extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) and MCLBMI have not been previously reported. In the present study, a rare case of ES-SCLC with synchronous MCLBMI is reported in a 59-year-old man. The patient received cisplatin, etoposide, dexamethasone and rituximab chemotherapy for the treatment of both malignancies. The follow-up computed tomography scan disclosed regression of the left upper lobe mass and the routine blood test indicated that the platelet count was gradually increasing to normal levels. Following therapy, the patient achieved a partial response. The experience in this case report indicated that the treatment of synchronous SCLC and MCLBMI requires consideration of the respective patient clinical features, biological behavior and cumulative toxicity of the treatment regimens administered for both malignant tumors. The present study demonstrated that thrombocytopenia was not a chemotherapy contraindication, thus providing a new treatment option for this type of patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengwen Xu
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Weie Liu
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Cangjian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Linjie Li
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
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9
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Beck SH, Jelsig AM, Yassin HM, Lindberg LJ, Wadt KAW, Karstensen JG. Intestinal and extraintestinal neoplasms in patients with NTHL1 tumor syndrome: a systematic review. Fam Cancer 2022; 21:453-462. [PMID: 35292903 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-022-00291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Germline biallelic pathogenic variants (PVs) in NTHL1 have since 2015 been associated with the autosomal recessive tumor predisposition syndrome: NTHL1 tumor syndrome or NTHL1-associated polyposis. In this systematic review, we aim to systematically investigate the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of the condition including occurrence of both benign and malignant tumors. The databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched. The search was conducted the 25th of august 2021. We included patients with germline PVs, both heterozygous and homo-/compound heterozygous carriers. Twenty-one papers were selected including 47 patients with biallelic PVs in NTHL1 in 32 families. Twenty-three out of 47 patients (49%) were diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) (mean age: 55, range: 31-73) and 12 out of 22 female patients (55%) were diagnosed with breast cancer (mean age: 49, range: 36-63). Apart from three, all patients who underwent a colonoscopy, had colonic adenomas (93%), and three patients (6%) had duodenal adenomatosis. We also identified 158 heterozygous carriers of germline PVs in NTHL1. Twenty-six out of 68 (38%) heterozygous carriers, who underwent colonoscopy, had colonic polyps or adenomas. Twenty-nine heterozygous carriers (18%) were diagnosed with CRC and 59 (49%) with breast cancer. We observed a high frequency of early onset CRC and breast cancer in patients with NTHL1 tumor syndrome. Subsequently, colorectal, breast, and endometrial cancer screening programs are recommended for NTHL1 biallelic carriers. Trial registry PROSPERO: CRD42021275159.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Beck
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, 1165, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - A M Jelsig
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - H M Yassin
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, 1165, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L J Lindberg
- Danish HNPCC Register, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - K A W Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J G Karstensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Polyposis Registry, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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10
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Hampel H, Kalady MF, Pearlman R, Stanich PP. Hereditary Colorectal Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2022; 36:429-447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Palles C, Martin L, Domingo E, Chegwidden L, McGuire J, Cuthill V, Heitzer E, Kerr R, Kerr D, Kearsey S, Clark SK, Tomlinson I, Latchford A. The clinical features of polymerase proof-reading associated polyposis (PPAP) and recommendations for patient management. Fam Cancer 2022; 21:197-209. [PMID: 33948826 PMCID: PMC8964588 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-021-00256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic germline exonuclease domain (ED) variants of POLE and POLD1 cause the Mendelian dominant condition polymerase proof-reading associated polyposis (PPAP). We aimed to describe the clinical features of all PPAP patients with probably pathogenic variants. We identified patients with a variants mapping to the EDs of POLE or POLD1 from cancer genetics clinics, a colorectal cancer (CRC) clinical trial, and systematic review of the literature. We used multiple evidence sources to separate ED variants into those with strong evidence of pathogenicity and those of uncertain importance. We performed quantitative analysis of the risk of CRC, colorectal adenomas, endometrial cancer or any cancer in the former group. 132 individuals carried a probably pathogenic ED variant (105 POLE, 27 POLD1). The earliest malignancy was colorectal cancer at 14. The most common tumour types were colorectal, followed by endometrial in POLD1 heterozygotes and duodenal in POLE heterozygotes. POLD1-mutant cases were at a significantly higher risk of endometrial cancer than POLE heterozygotes. Five individuals with a POLE pathogenic variant, but none with a POLD1 pathogenic variant, developed ovarian cancer. Nine patients with POLE pathogenic variants and one with a POLD1 pathogenic variant developed brain tumours. Our data provide important evidence for PPAP management. Colonoscopic surveillance is recommended from age 14 and upper-gastrointestinal surveillance from age 25. The management of other tumour risks remains uncertain, but surveillance should be considered. In the absence of strong genotype-phenotype associations, these recommendations should apply to all PPAP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Palles
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Lynn Martin
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Enric Domingo
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Chegwidden
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Josh McGuire
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Vicky Cuthill
- Polyposis Registry, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, University of Gratz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - David Kerr
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Stephen Kearsey
- ZRAB, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Susan K Clark
- Polyposis Registry, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, HA1 3UJ, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andrew Latchford
- Polyposis Registry, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, HA1 3UJ, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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12
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Long JM, Powers JM, Katona BW. Evaluation of Classic, Attenuated, and Oligopolyposis of the Colon. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2022; 32:95-112. [PMID: 34798989 PMCID: PMC8607742 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to provide an overview of evaluating patients with adenomatous polyposis of the colon, including elements such as generating a differential diagnosis, referral considerations for genetic testing, genetic testing options, and expected outcomes from genetic testing in these individuals. In more recent years, adenomatous colonic polyposis has evolved beyond the more robustly characterized familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) now encompassing more newly described genes and associated syndromes. Technological innovation, from whole-exome sequencing to multigene panel testing, has dramatically increased the amount of genotypic and phenotypic data amassed in adenomatous polyposis cohorts, which has contributed greatly to informing diagnosis and clinical management of affected individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Long
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacquelyn M. Powers
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bryson W. Katona
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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13
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Gupta N, Drogan C, Kupfer SS. How many is too many? Polyposis syndromes and what to do next. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2022; 38:39-47. [PMID: 34839308 PMCID: PMC8648991 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to help providers recognize, diagnose and manage gastrointestinal (GI) polyposis syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS Intestinal polyps include a number of histological sub-types such as adenomas, serrated, hamartomas among others. Over a quarter of individuals undergoing screening colonoscopy are expected to have colonic adenomas. Although it is not uncommon for adults to have a few GI polyps in their lifetime, some individuals are found to have multiple polyps of varying histology throughout the GI tract. In these individuals, depending on polyp histology, number, location and size as well as extra-intestinal features and/or family history, a polyposis syndrome should be considered with appropriate testing and management. SUMMARY Diagnosis and management of polyposis syndromes has evolved with advent of multigene panel testing and new data on optimal surveillance strategies. Evidence-based recommendations and current practice guidelines for polyposis syndromes are reviewed here. Areas of uncertainty and future research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gupta
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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14
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Carroll BL, Zahn KE, Hanley JP, Wallace SS, Dragon JA, Doublié S. Caught in motion: human NTHL1 undergoes interdomain rearrangement necessary for catalysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:13165-13178. [PMID: 34871433 PMCID: PMC8682792 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) is the main pathway protecting cells from the continuous damage to DNA inflicted by reactive oxygen species. BER is initiated by DNA glycosylases, each of which repairs a particular class of base damage. NTHL1, a bifunctional DNA glycosylase, possesses both glycolytic and β-lytic activities with a preference for oxidized pyrimidine substrates. Defects in human NTHL1 drive a class of polyposis colorectal cancer. We report the first X-ray crystal structure of hNTHL1, revealing an open conformation not previously observed in the bacterial orthologs. In this conformation, the six-helical barrel domain comprising the helix-hairpin-helix (HhH) DNA binding motif is tipped away from the iron sulphur cluster-containing domain, requiring a conformational change to assemble a catalytic site upon DNA binding. We found that the flexibility of hNTHL1 and its ability to adopt an open configuration can be attributed to an interdomain linker. Swapping the human linker sequence for that of Escherichia coli yielded a protein chimera that crystallized in a closed conformation and had a reduced activity on lesion-containing DNA. This large scale interdomain rearrangement during catalysis is unprecedented for a HhH superfamily DNA glycosylase and provides important insight into the molecular mechanism of hNTHL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Carroll
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Karl E Zahn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - John P Hanley
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Susan S Wallace
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Julie A Dragon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Sylvie Doublié
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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15
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Jelsig AM, Byrjalsen A, Busk Madsen M, Kuhlmann TP, van Overeem Hansen T, Wadt KAW, Karstensen JG. Novel Genetic Causes of Gastrointestinal Polyposis Syndromes. Appl Clin Genet 2021; 14:455-466. [PMID: 34866929 PMCID: PMC8637176 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s295157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary polyposis syndromes are characterized by a large number and/or histopathologically specific polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and a high risk of both colorectal cancer and extracolonic cancer at an early age. While the genes responsible for some of the syndromes, eg, APC in familial adenomatous polyposis and STK11 in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, have been known for decades, novel genetic causes have recently been detected that have shed light on the broader clinical spectrum of syndromes. Genetic diagnoses are important because they can facilitate a personalized surveillance program. Furthermore, at-risk members of the patient's family can be tested and enrolled in surveillance as needed. In some cases, prenatal diagnostics should be offered. In this paper, we describe the development in germline genetics of the hereditary polyposis syndromes over the last 10-12 years, their clinical characteristics, as well as how to implement genetic analyses in the diagnostic pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Jelsig
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Byrjalsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Majbritt Busk Madsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Plato Kuhlmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Karin A W Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Gásdal Karstensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Polyposis Registry, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Jelsig AM, Karstensen JG, Jespersen N, Ketabi Z, Lautrup C, Rønlund K, Sunde L, Wadt K, Thorlacius-Ussing O, Qvist N. Danish guidelines for management of non-APC-associated hereditary polyposis syndromes. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:41. [PMID: 34620187 PMCID: PMC8499431 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Polyposis Syndromes are a group of rare, inherited syndromes characterized by the presence of histopathologically specific or numerous intestinal polyps and an increased risk of cancer. Some polyposis syndromes have been known for decades, but the development in genetic technologies has allowed the identification of new syndromes.. The diagnosis entails surveillance from an early age, but universal guideline on how to manage and surveille these new syndromes are lacking. This paper represents a condensed version of the recent guideline (2020) from a working group appointed by the Danish Society of Medical Genetics and the Danish Society of Surgery on recommendations for the surveillance of patients with hereditary polyposis syndromes, including rare polyposis syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Jelsig
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - John Gásdal Karstensen
- Danish Polyposis Registry, Gastrounit, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jespersen
- Danish Polyposis Registry, Gastrounit, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Zohreh Ketabi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Lautrup
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karina Rønlund
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Lone Sunde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karin Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Thorlacius-Ussing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Niels Qvist
- Research Unit for Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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17
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POLE, POLD1, and NTHL1: the last but not the least hereditary cancer-predisposing genes. Oncogene 2021; 40:5893-5901. [PMID: 34363023 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
POLE, POLD1, and NTHL1 are involved in DNA replication and have recently been recognized as hereditary cancer-predisposing genes, because their alterations are associated with colorectal cancer and other tumors. POLE/POLD1-associated syndrome shows an autosomal dominant inheritance, whereas NTHL1-associated syndrome follows an autosomal recessive pattern. Although the prevalence of germline monoallelic POLE/POLD1 and biallelic NTHL1 pathogenic variants is low, they determine different phenotypes with a broad tumor spectrum overlapping that of other hereditary conditions like Lynch Syndrome or Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Endometrial and breast cancers, and probably ovarian and brain tumors are also associated with POLE/POLD1 alterations, while breast cancer and other unusual tumors are correlated with NTHL1 pathogenic variants. POLE-mutated colorectal and endometrial cancers are associated with better prognosis and may show favorable responses to immunotherapy. Since POLE/POLD1-mutated tumors show a high tumor mutational burden producing an increase in neoantigens, the identification of POLE/POLD1 alterations could help select patients suitable for immunotherapy treatment. In this review, we will investigate the role of POLE, POLD1, and NTHL1 genetic variants in cancer predisposition, discussing the potential future therapeutic applications and assessing the utility of performing a routine genetic testing for these genes, in order to implement prevention and surveillance strategies in mutation carriers.
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18
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Daca Alvarez M, Quintana I, Terradas M, Mur P, Balaguer F, Valle L. The Inherited and Familial Component of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030710. [PMID: 33806975 PMCID: PMC8005051 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as that diagnosed before the age of 50, accounts for 10–12% of all new colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnoses. Epidemiological data indicate that EOCRC incidence is increasing, despite the observed heterogeneity among countries. Although the cause for such increase remains obscure, ≈13% (range: 9–26%) of EOCRC patients carry pathogenic germline variants in known cancer predisposition genes, including 2.5% of patients with germline pathogenic variants in hereditary cancer genes traditionally not associated with CRC predisposition. Approximately 28% of EOCRC patients have family history of the disease. This article recapitulates current evidence on the inherited syndromes that predispose to EOCRC and its familial component. The evidence gathered support that all patients diagnosed with an EOCRC should be referred to a specialized genetic counseling service and offered somatic and germline pancancer multigene panel testing. The identification of a germline pathogenic variant in a known hereditary cancer gene has relevant implications for the clinical management of the patient and his/her relatives, and it may guide surgical and therapeutic decisions. The relative high prevalence of hereditary cancer syndromes and familial component among EOCRC patients supports further research that helps understand the genetic background, either monogenic or polygenic, behind this increasingly common disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daca Alvarez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Isabel Quintana
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (I.Q.); (M.T.); (P.M.)
| | - Mariona Terradas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (I.Q.); (M.T.); (P.M.)
| | - Pilar Mur
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (I.Q.); (M.T.); (P.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (L.V.); Tel.: +34-932275400 (ext. 5418) (F.B.); +34-93-260-7145 (L.V.)
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (I.Q.); (M.T.); (P.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (L.V.); Tel.: +34-932275400 (ext. 5418) (F.B.); +34-93-260-7145 (L.V.)
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19
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Salo-Mullen EE, Maio A, Mukherjee S, Bandlamudi C, Shia J, Kemel Y, Cadoo KA, Liu Y, Carlo M, Ranganathan M, Kane S, Srinivasan P, Chavan SS, Donoghue MTA, Bourque C, Sheehan M, Tejada PR, Patel Z, Arnold AG, Kennedy JA, Amoroso K, Breen K, Catchings A, Sacca R, Marcell V, Markowitz AJ, Latham A, Walsh M, Misyura M, Ceyhan-Birsoy O, Solit DB, Berger MF, Robson ME, Taylor BS, Offit K, Mandelker D, Stadler ZK. Prevalence and Characterization of Biallelic and Monoallelic NTHL1 and MSH3 Variant Carriers From a Pan-Cancer Patient Population. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00443. [PMID: 34250384 PMCID: PMC8232072 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NTHL1 and MSH3 have been implicated as autosomal recessive cancer predisposition genes. Although individuals with biallelic NTHL1 and MSH3 pathogenic variants (PVs) have increased cancer and polyposis risk, risks for monoallelic carriers are uncertain. We sought to assess the prevalence and characterize NTHL1 and MSH3 from a large pan-cancer patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with pan-cancer (n = 11,081) underwent matched tumor-normal sequencing with consent for germline analysis. Medical records and tumors were reviewed and analyzed. Prevalence of PVs was compared with reference controls (Genome Aggregation Database). RESULTS NTHL1-PVs were identified in 40 patients including 39 monoallelic carriers (39/11,081 = 0.35%) and one with biallelic variants (1/11,081 = 0.009%) and a diagnosis of isolated early-onset breast cancer. NTHL1-associated mutational signature 30 was identified in the tumors of the biallelic patient and two carriers. Colonic polyposis was not identified in any NTHL1 patient. MSH3-PVs were identified in 13 patients, including 12 monoallelic carriers (12/11,081 = 0.11%) and one with biallelic MSH3 variants (1/11,081 = 0.009%) and diagnoses of later-onset cancers, attenuated polyposis, and abnormal MSH3-protein expression. Of the 12 MSH3 carriers, two had early-onset cancer diagnoses with tumor loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type MSH3 allele. Ancestry-specific burden tests demonstrated that NTHL1 and MSH3 prevalence was not significantly different in this pan-cancer population versus controls. CONCLUSION NTHL1 and MSH3 germline alterations were not enriched in this pan-cancer patient population. However, tumor-specific findings, such as mutational signature 30 and loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type allele, suggest the potential contribution of monoallelic variants to tumorigenesis in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Salo-Mullen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anna Maio
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Semanti Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Chaitanya Bandlamudi
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yelena Kemel
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Karen A. Cadoo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Maria Carlo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Megha Ranganathan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sarah Kane
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Preethi Srinivasan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Shweta S. Chavan
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mark T. A. Donoghue
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Caitlin Bourque
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Margaret Sheehan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Zalak Patel
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Angela G. Arnold
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer A. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kimberly Amoroso
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kelsey Breen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Amanda Catchings
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rosalba Sacca
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Vanessa Marcell
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Arnold J. Markowitz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alicia Latham
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael Walsh
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Maksym Misyura
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ozge Ceyhan-Birsoy
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - David B. Solit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael F. Berger
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mark E. Robson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Barry S. Taylor
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Diana Mandelker
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Zsofia K. Stadler
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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20
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Boulouard F, Kasper E, Buisine MP, Lienard G, Vasseur S, Manase S, Bahuau M, Barouk Simonet E, Bubien V, Coulet F, Cusin V, Dhooge M, Golmard L, Goussot V, Hamzaoui N, Lacaze E, Lejeune S, Mauillon J, Beaumont MP, Pinson S, Tlemsani C, Toulas C, Rey JM, Uhrhammer N, Bougeard G, Frebourg T, Houdayer C, Baert-Desurmont S. Further delineation of the NTHL1 associated syndrome: A report from the French Oncogenetic Consortium. Clin Genet 2021; 99:662-672. [PMID: 33454955 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic pathogenic variants in the NTHL1 (Nth like DNA glycosylase 1) gene cause a recently identified autosomal recessive hereditary cancer syndrome predisposing to adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer. Half of biallelic carriers also display multiple colonic or extra-colonic primary tumors, mainly breast, endometrium, urothelium, and brain tumors. Published data designate NTHL1 as an important contributor to hereditary cancers but also underline the scarcity of available informations. Thanks to the French oncogenetic consortium (Groupe Génétique et Cancer), we collected NTHL1 variants from 7765 patients attending for hereditary colorectal cancer or polyposis (n = 3936) or other hereditary cancers (n = 3829). Here, we describe 10 patients with pathogenic biallelic NTHL1 germline variants, that is, the second largest NTHL1 series. All carriers were from the "colorectal cancer or polyposis" series. All nine biallelic carriers who underwent colonoscopy presented adenomatous polyps. For digestive cancers, average age at diagnosis was 56.2 and we reported colorectal, duodenal, caecal, and pancreatic cancers. Extra-digestive malignancies included sarcoma, basal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, urothelial carcinoma, and melanoma. Although tumor risks remain to be precisely defined, these novel data support NTHL1 inclusion in diagnostic panel testing. Colonic surveillance should be conducted based on MUTYH recommendations while extra-colonic surveillance has to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Boulouard
- Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Caen, France
| | - Edwige Kasper
- Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Buisine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lille University Hospital Center, UMR 1277 Inserm-9020 CNRS, Lille University, Lille, France
| | - Gwendoline Lienard
- Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphanie Vasseur
- Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Sandrine Manase
- Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Michel Bahuau
- Medical genetics Department, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Florence Coulet
- Department of Genetics, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Véronica Cusin
- Department of Genetics, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Marion Dhooge
- Gastroenterology Unit, Cochin University Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Golmard
- Institut Curie, Department of Genetics and Paris Sciences, Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Goussot
- Department of Tumor Biology and Pathology, Georges-François Leclerc Center, Dijon, France
| | - Nadim Hamzaoui
- Department of Oncogenetics, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Lacaze
- Department of Genetics, Le Havre General Hospital, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Le Havre, France
| | - Sophie Lejeune
- Genetic Pathology Biology Department, Lille University Hospital Center, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Jacques Mauillon
- Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Stéphane Pinson
- Genetics Department, Hospices Civils de LYON (HCL), University Hospital, East Pathology Center, Bron, France
| | - Camille Tlemsani
- Department of Oncogenetics, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Christine Toulas
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Cancer University Institute Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rey
- Department of Pathology and Oncobiology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Nancy Uhrhammer
- Centre Jean Perrin, Oncogenetics and Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM U1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gaëlle Bougeard
- Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Claude Houdayer
- Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphanie Baert-Desurmont
- Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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21
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Caffrey PJ, Delaney S. Chromatin and other obstacles to base excision repair: potential roles in carcinogenesis. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:39-50. [PMID: 31612219 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is comprised of chemically reactive nucleobases that exist under a constant barrage from damaging agents. Failure to repair chemical modifications to these nucleobases can result in mutations that can cause various diseases, including cancer. Fortunately, the base excision repair (BER) pathway can repair modified nucleobases and prevent these deleterious mutations. However, this pathway can be hindered through several mechanisms. For instance, mutations to the enzymes in the BER pathway have been identified in cancers. Biochemical characterisation of these mutants has elucidated various mechanisms that inhibit their activity. Furthermore, the packaging of DNA into chromatin poses another obstacle to the ability of BER enzymes to function properly. Investigations of BER in the base unit of chromatin, the nucleosome core particle (NCP), have revealed that the NCP acts as a complex substrate for BER enzymes. The constituent proteins of the NCP, the histones, also have variants that can further impact the structure of the NCP and may modulate access of enzymes to the packaged DNA. These histone variants have also displayed significant clinical effects both in carcinogenesis and patient prognosis. This review focuses on the underlying molecular mechanisms that present obstacles to BER and the relationship of these obstacles to cancer. In addition, several chemotherapeutics induce DNA damage that can be repaired by the BER pathway and understanding obstacles to BER can inform how resistance and/or sensitivity to these therapies may occur. With the understanding of these molecular mechanisms, current chemotherapeutic treatment regiments may be improved, and future therapies developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Caffrey
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Sarah Delaney
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI
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22
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Kontizas E, Tastsoglou S, Karamitros T, Karayiannis Y, Kollia P, Hatzigeorgiou AG, Sgouras DN. Impact of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Its Major Virulence Factor CagA on DNA Damage Repair. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122007. [PMID: 33339161 PMCID: PMC7765595 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection induces a plethora of DNA damages. Gastric epithelial cells, in order to maintain genomic integrity, require an integrous DNA damage repair (DDR) machinery, which, however, is reported to be modulated by the infection. CagA is a major H. pylori virulence factor, associated with increased risk for gastric carcinogenesis. Its pathogenic activity is partly regulated by phosphorylation on EPIYA motifs. Our aim was to identify effects of H. pylori infection and CagA on DDR, investigating the transcriptome of AGS cells, infected with wild-type, ΔCagA and EPIYA-phosphorylation-defective strains. Upon RNA-Seq-based transcriptomic analysis, we observed that a notable number of DDR genes were found deregulated during the infection, potentially resulting to base excision repair and mismatch repair compromise and an intricate deregulation of nucleotide excision repair, homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining. Transcriptome observations were further investigated on the protein expression level, utilizing infections of AGS and GES-1 cells. We observed that CagA contributed to the downregulation of Nth Like DNA Glycosylase 1 (NTHL1), MutY DNA Glycosylase (MUTYH), Flap Structure-Specific Endonuclease 1 (FEN1), RAD51 Recombinase, DNA Polymerase Delta Catalytic Subunit (POLD1), and DNA Ligase 1 (LIG1) and, contrary to transcriptome results, Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) upregulation. Our study accentuates the role of CagA as a significant contributor of H. pylori infection-mediated DDR modulation, potentially disrupting the balance between DNA damage and repair, thus favoring genomic instability and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Kontizas
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (D.N.S.); Tel.: +30-210-647-8812 (E.K.); +30-210-647-8824 (D.N.S.)
| | - Spyros Tastsoglou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece;
- DIANA-Lab, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Timokratis Karamitros
- Bioinformatics and Applied Genomics Unit, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Yiannis Karayiannis
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagoula Kollia
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Artemis G. Hatzigeorgiou
- DIANA-Lab, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- DIANA-Lab, Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35131 Lamia, Greece
| | - Dionyssios N. Sgouras
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (D.N.S.); Tel.: +30-210-647-8812 (E.K.); +30-210-647-8824 (D.N.S.)
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MUTYH-associated polyposis: Review and update of the French recommendations established in 2012 under the auspices of the National Cancer institute (INCa). Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Sharma R, Lewis S, Wlodarski MW. DNA Repair Syndromes and Cancer: Insights Into Genetics and Phenotype Patterns. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:570084. [PMID: 33194896 PMCID: PMC7644847 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.570084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response is essential to human physiology. A broad spectrum of pathologies are displayed by individuals carrying monoallelic or biallelic loss-of-function mutations in DNA damage repair genes. DNA repair syndromes with biallelic disturbance of essential DNA damage response pathways manifest early in life with multi-systemic involvement and a high propensity for hematologic and solid cancers, as well as bone marrow failure. In this review, we describe classic biallelic DNA repair cancer syndromes arising from faulty single- and double-strand DNA break repair, as well as dysfunctional DNA helicases. These clinical entities include xeroderma pigmentosum, constitutional mismatch repair deficiency, ataxia telangiectasia, Nijmegen breakage syndrome, deficiencies of DNA ligase IV, NHEJ/Cernunnos, and ERCC6L2, as well as Bloom, Werner, and Rothmund-Thompson syndromes. To give an in-depth understanding of these disorders, we provide historical overview and discuss the interplay between complex biology and heterogeneous clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sara Lewis
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Marcin W. Wlodarski
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Dhooge M, Baert-Desurmont S, Corsini C, Caron O, Andrieu N, Berthet P, Bonadona V, Cohen-Haguenauer O, De Pauw A, Delnatte C, Dussart S, Lasset C, Leroux D, Maugard C, Moretta-Serra J, Popovici C, Buecher B, Colas C, Noguès C. National recommendations of the French Genetics and Cancer Group - Unicancer on the modalities of multi-genes panel analyses in hereditary predispositions to tumors of the digestive tract. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104080. [PMID: 33039684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In case of suspected hereditary predisposition to digestive cancers, next-generation sequencing can analyze simultaneously several genes associated with an increased risk of developing these tumors. Thus, "Gastro Intestinal" (GI) gene panels are commonly used in French molecular genetic laboratories. Lack of international recommendations led to disparities in the composition of these panels and in the management of patients. To harmonize practices, the Genetics and Cancer Group (GGC)-Unicancer set up a working group who carried out a review of the literature for 31 genes of interest in this context and established a list of genes for which the estimated risks associated with pathogenic variant seemed sufficiently reliable and high for clinical use. Pancreatic cancer susceptibility genes have been excluded. This expertise defined a panel of 14 genes of confirmed clinical interest and relevant for genetic counseling: APC, BMPR1A, CDH1, EPCAM, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, PMS2, POLD1, POLE, PTEN, SMAD4 and STK11. The reasons for the exclusion of the others 23 genes have been discussed. The paucity of estimates of the associated tumor risks led to the exclusion of genes, in particular CTNNA1, MSH3 and NTHL1, despite their implication in the molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of GI cancers. A regular update of the literature is planned to up-grade this panel of genes in case of new data on candidate genes. Genetic and epidemiological studies and international collaborations are needed to better estimate the risks associated with the pathogenic variants of these genes either selected or not in the current panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Dhooge
- APHP.Centre (Cochin Hospital), Paris University, Paris, France.
| | - Stéphanie Baert-Desurmont
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Carole Corsini
- Arnaud de Villeneuve University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Caron
- Gustave-Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadine Andrieu
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Tumor Biology, Paris, France; Unité Inserm, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Antoine De Pauw
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Tumor Biology, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Dominique Leroux
- Grenoble University Hospital, Couple-Enfant Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jessica Moretta-Serra
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Department of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Marseille, France
| | - Cornel Popovici
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Department of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Buecher
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Tumor Biology, Paris, France
| | - Chrystelle Colas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Tumor Biology, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Noguès
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Department of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Marseille, France
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26
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Kumpula T, Tervasmäki A, Mantere T, Koivuluoma S, Huilaja L, Tasanen K, Winqvist R, de Voer RM, Pylkäs K. Evaluating the role of NTHL1 p.Q90* allele in inherited breast cancer predisposition. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1493. [PMID: 32949222 PMCID: PMC7667375 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rare protein truncating variants of NTHL1 gene are causative for the recently described, recessively inherited NTHL1 tumor syndrome that is characterized by an increased lifetime risk for colorectal cancer, colorectal polyposis, and breast cancer. Although there is strong evidence for breast cancer being a part of the cancer spectrum in these families, the role of pathogenic NTHL1 variants in breast cancer susceptibility in general population remains unclear. Methods We tested the prevalence of NTHL1 nonsense variant c.268C>T, p.Q90*, which is the major allele in NTHL1 families and also shows enrichment in the Finnish population, in a total of 1333 breast cancer patients. Genotyping was performed for DNA samples extracted from peripheral blood by using high‐resolution melt analysis. Results Sixteen NTHL1 p.Q90* heterozygous carriers were identified (1.2%, p = 0.61): 5 in hereditary cohort (n = 234, 2.1%, p = 0.39) and 11 in unselected cohort (n = 1099, 1.0%, p = 0.36). This frequency is equal to that in the general population (19/1324, 1.4%). No NTHL1 p.Q90* homozygotes were identified. Conclusion Our results indicate that NTHL1 p.Q90* heterozygous carriers do not have an increased risk for breast cancer and that the variant is unlikely to be a significant contributor to breast cancer risk at the population level. Although there is strong evidence for breast cancer being a part of the cancer spectrum of recessively inherited NTHL1 tumor syndrome, the role of pathogenic NTHL1 variants in breast cancer susceptibility in the general population remains unclear. Here, we have tested the prevalence of NTHL1 nonsense variant c.268C>T, p.Q90*, which is the major allele in NTHL1 families and also shows enrichment in the Finnish population, in a total of 1333 breast cancer patients. Our results indicate that NTHL1 p.Q90* heterozygous carriers do not have an increased risk for breast cancer and that the variant is unlikely to be a significant contributor to breast cancer risk at the population level, a notion that is particularly important for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Kumpula
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Tervasmäki
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo Mantere
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Susanna Koivuluoma
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Huilaja
- Department of Dermatology and Medical Research Center Oulu, PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaisa Tasanen
- Department of Dermatology and Medical Research Center Oulu, PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Richarda M de Voer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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27
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Lee HH, Jo KW, Yim JJ, Jeon D, Kang H, Shim TS. Interim treatment outcomes in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients treated sequentially with bedaquiline and delamanid. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 98:478-485. [PMID: 32640367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the sequential use of bedaquiline (Bdq) and delamanid (Dlm) in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and limited treatment options. METHODS This study evaluated 74 MDR-TB patients treated between March 2016 and December 2018 with Bdq followed by Dlm (n = 22), or vice versa (n= 52), combined with optimized background regimens. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 49.0 ± 15.8 years. Fifty-one (68.9%) of the participants were male. Fluoroquinolone resistance was identified in 54 (72.9%) patients, including 20 (27.0%) with extensively drug-resistant TB. Of the 47 (63.5%) patients with positive cultures at the commencement of the first new drug, culture conversion occurred in 44 (93.6%). The interim treatment outcome after 12 months was favourable in 68/74 patients (91.9%). Twenty-four weeks of treatment were completed in 137 of 148 episodes of new drug use (92.3%). Regarding the 11 early discontinuation events, six patients stopped using a new drug due to adverse drug reactions that were not life-threatening, including one (1.4%) who stopped Bdq due to QT-prolongation. CONCLUSIONS Sequential use of the two new drugs appears to be an effective and safe option for MDR-TB patients with few treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Hee Lee
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Wook Jo
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doosoo Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hyungseok Kang
- Department of Chest Medicine, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Tae Sun Shim
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
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28
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Marsden CG, Jaruga P, Coskun E, Maher RL, Pederson DS, Dizdaroglu M, Sweasy JB. Expression of a germline variant in the N-terminal domain of the human DNA glycosylase NTHL1 induces cellular transformation without impairing enzymatic function or substrate specificity. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2262-2272. [PMID: 32595826 PMCID: PMC7299534 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidatively-induced DNA damage, widely accepted as a key player in the onset of cancer, is predominantly repaired by base excision repair (BER). BER is initiated by DNA glycosylases, which locate and remove damaged bases from DNA. NTHL1 is a bifunctional DNA glycosylase in mammalian cells that predominantly removes oxidized pyrimidines. In this study, we investigated a germline variant in the N-terminal domain of NTHL1, R33K. Expression of NTHL1 R33K in human MCF10A cells resulted in increased proliferation and anchorage-independent growth compared to NTHL1 WT-expressing cells. However, wt-NTHL1 and R33K-NTHL1 exhibited similar substrate specificity, excision kinetics, and enzyme turnover in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study indicate an important function of R33 in BER that is disrupted by the R33K mutation. Furthermore, the cellular transformation induced by R33K-NTHL1 expression suggests that humans harboring this germline variant may be at increased risk for cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G Marsden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Markey Center for Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.,Present address: Saint Michael's College, Colchester, VT 05439, USA
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.,Present address: Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Robyn L Maher
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Markey Center for Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - David S Pederson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Markey Center for Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Joann B Sweasy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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29
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[MUTYH-associated polyposis: Review and update of the French recommendations established in 2012 under the auspices of the National Cancer Institute (INCa)]. Bull Cancer 2020; 107:586-600. [PMID: 32362383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MUTYH-associated polyposis (MUTYH-associated polyposis, MAP) is an autosomal recessive inheritance disorder related to bi-allelic constitutional pathogenic variants of the MUTYH gene which was first described in 2002. In 2011, a group of French experts composed of clinicians and biologists, performed a summary of the available data on this condition and drew up recommendations concerning the indications and the modalities of molecular analysis of the MUTYH gene in index cases and their relatives, as well as the management of affected individuals. In view of recent developments, some recommendations have become obsolete, in particular with regard to the molecular analysis strategy since MUTYH gene has been recently included in a consensus panel of 14 genes predisposing to colorectal cancer. This led us to revise all the points of the previous expertise. We report here the revised version of this work which successively considers the phenotype and the tumor risks associated with this genotype, the differential diagnoses, the indication criteria and the strategy of the molecular analysis and the recommendations for the management of affected individuals. We also discuss the phenotype and the tumor risks associated with mono-allelic pathogenic variants of MUTYH gene.
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Molecular Aspects of Colorectal Adenomas: The Interplay among Microenvironment, Oxidative Stress, and Predisposition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1726309. [PMID: 32258104 PMCID: PMC7102468 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1726309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multistep process initiated by a benign polyp that has the potential to evolve into in situ carcinoma through the interactions between environmental and genetic factors. CRC incidence rates are constantly increased for young adult patients presenting an advanced tumor stage. The majority of CRCs arise from colonic adenomas originating from aberrant cell proliferation of colon epithelium. Endoscopic polypectomy represents a tool for early detection and removal of polyps, although the occurrence of cancers after negative colonoscopy shows a significant incidence. It has long been recognized that the aberrant regulation of Wingless/It (Wnt)/β-Catenin signaling in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is supported by its critical role in the differentiation of stem cells in intestinal crypts and in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. For this review, we will focus on the development of adenomatous polyps through the interplay between renewal signaling in the colon epithelium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The current knowledge of molecular pathology allows us to deepen the relationships between oxidative stress and other risk factors as lifestyle, microbiota, and predisposition. We underline that the chronic inflammation and ROS production in the colon epithelium can impair the Wnt/β-catenin and/or base excision repair (BER) pathways and predispose to polyp development. In fact, the coexistence of oxidative DNA damage and errors in DNA polymerase can foster C>T transitions in various types of cancer and adenomas, leading to a hypermutated phenotype of tumor cells. Moreover, the function of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) protein in regulating DNA repair is very important as therapeutic implication making DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents more effective in CRC cells that tend to accumulate mutations. Additional studies will determine whether approaches based on Wnt inhibition would provide long-term therapeutic value in CRC, but it is clear that APC disruption plays a central role in driving and maintaining tumorigenesis.
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Kim DV, Makarova AV, Miftakhova RR, Zharkov DO. Base Excision DNA Repair Deficient Cells: From Disease Models to Genotoxicity Sensors. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:298-312. [PMID: 31198112 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Base excision DNA repair (BER) is a vitally important pathway that protects the cell genome from many kinds of DNA damage, including oxidation, deamination, and hydrolysis. It involves several tightly coordinated steps, starting from damaged base excision and followed by nicking one DNA strand, incorporating an undamaged nucleotide, and DNA ligation. Deficiencies in BER are often embryonic lethal or cause morbid diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, or severe immune pathologies. Starting from the early 1980s, when the first mammalian cell lines lacking BER were produced by spontaneous mutagenesis, such lines have become a treasure trove of valuable information about the mechanisms of BER, often revealing unexpected connections with other cellular processes, such as antibody maturation or epigenetic demethylation. In addition, these cell lines have found an increasing use in genotoxicity testing, where they provide increased sensitivity and representativity to cell-based assay panels. In this review, we outline current knowledge about BER-deficient cell lines and their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Kim
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Alena V Makarova
- RAS Institute of Molecular Genetics, 2 Kurchatova Sq., Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Regina R Miftakhova
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevsakaya St., Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry O Zharkov
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fu ndamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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32
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Gonda K, Akama T, Nakamura T, Hashimoto E, Kyoya N, Rokkaku Y, Maejima Y, Horita S, Tachibana K, Abe N, Ohtake T, Shimomura K, Kono K, Saji S, Takenoshita S, Higashihara E. Cluster of differentiation 8 and programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer combined with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and tuberous sclerosis complex: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2019; 13:381. [PMID: 31870441 PMCID: PMC6929341 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-019-2274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is defined as an inherited disorder characterized by renal cyst formation due to mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 gene, whereas tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome caused by mutation or deletion of the TSC2 gene. A TSC2/PKD1 contiguous gene syndrome, which is caused by a chromosomal mutation that disrupts both the TSC2 and PKD1 genes, has been identified in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and severe early-onset autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The tumor tissue of patients with breast cancer with contiguous gene syndrome has a high mutation burden and produces several neoantigens. A diffuse positive immunohistochemistry staining for cluster of differentiation 8+ in the T cells of breast cancer tissue is consistent with neoantigen production due to high mutation burden. Case presentation A 61-year-old Japanese woman who had been undergoing dialysis for 23 years because of end-stage renal failure secondary to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease was diagnosed as having triple-negative breast cancer and underwent mastectomy in 2015. She had a history of epilepsy and skin hamartoma. Her grandmother, mother, two aunts, four cousins, and one brother were also on dialysis for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Her brother had epilepsy and a brain nodule. Another brother had a syndrome of kidney failure, intellectual disability, and diabetes mellitus, which seemed to be caused by mutation in the CREBBP gene. Immunohistochemistry of our patient’s breast tissue showed cluster of differentiation 8 and programmed cell death ligand 1 positivity. Conclusions Programmed cell death ligand 1 checkpoint therapy may be effective for recurrence of triple-negative breast cancer in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and tuberous sclerosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Gonda
- Department of Genetics, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. .,Clinical Oncology Center, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. .,Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. .,Daido Obesity and Metabolism Research Centre, 123 Daido, Naha, Okinawa, 902-0066, Japan.
| | - Takanori Akama
- Department of Genetics, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Clinical Oncology Center, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamura
- Deptartment of Urology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Nihonmatsu Hospital, 1-553 Naritamachi, Nihonmatsu, Fukushima, 964-8501, Japan
| | - Eiko Hashimoto
- Deptartment of Urology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Nihonmatsu Hospital, 1-553 Naritamachi, Nihonmatsu, Fukushima, 964-8501, Japan
| | - Naomi Kyoya
- Deptartment of Urology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Nihonmatsu Hospital, 1-553 Naritamachi, Nihonmatsu, Fukushima, 964-8501, Japan
| | - Yuichi Rokkaku
- Deptartment of Surgery, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Nihonmatsu Hospital, 1-553 Naritamachi, Nihonmatsu, Fukushima, 964-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Horita
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazunoshin Tachibana
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Noriko Abe
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tohru Ohtake
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shigehira Saji
- Clinical Oncology Center, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takenoshita
- President of Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Eiji Higashihara
- Department of Polycystic Kidney Research, Kyorin University shool of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
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Lorca V, Garre P. Current status of the genetic susceptibility in attenuated adenomatous polyposis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:1101-1114. [PMID: 31908716 PMCID: PMC6937445 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i12.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis (AP) is classified according to cumulative adenoma number in classical AP (CAP) and attenuated AP (AAP). Genetic susceptibility is the major risk factor in CAP due to mutations in the known high predisposition genes APC and MUTYH. However, the contribution of genetic susceptibility to AAP is lower and less understood. New predisposition genes have been recently proposed, and some of them have been validated, but their scarcity hinders accurate risk estimations and prevalence calculations. AAP is a heterogeneous condition in terms of severity, clinical features and heritability. Therefore, clinicians do not have strong discriminating criteria for the recommendation of the genetic study of known predisposition genes, and the detection rate is low. Elucidation and knowledge of new AAP high predisposition genes are of great importance to offer accurate genetic counseling to the patient and family members. This review aims to update the genetic knowledge of AAP, and to expound the difficulties involved in the genetic analysis of a highly heterogeneous condition such as AAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Lorca
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Grupo de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional en Oncología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Pilar Garre
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Terradas M, Munoz-Torres PM, Belhadj S, Aiza G, Navarro M, Brunet J, Capellá G, Valle L. Contribution to colonic polyposis of recently proposed predisposing genes and assessment of the prevalence of NTHL1- and MSH3-associated polyposes. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1910-1923. [PMID: 31243857 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances have allowed the identification of new adenomatous and serrated polyposis genes, and of several candidate genes that require additional supporting evidence of causality. Through an exhaustive literature review and mutational screening of 177 unrelated polyposis patients, we assessed the involvement of MCM9, FOCAD, POLQ, and RNF43 in the predisposition to (nonserrated) colonic polyposis, as well as the prevalence of NTHL1 and MSH3 mutations among genetically unexplained polyposis patients. Our results, together with previously reported data and mutation frequency in controls, indicate that: MCM9 and POLQ mutations are not associated with polyposis; germline RNF43 mutations, with a prevalence of 1.5-2.5% among serrated polyposis patients, do not cause nonserrated polyposis; MSH3 biallelic mutations are highly infrequent among European polyposis patients, and the prevalence of NTHL1 biallelic mutations among unexplained polyposes is ~2%. Although nonsignificant, FOCAD predicted deleterious variants are overrepresented in polyposis patients compared to controls, warranting larger studies to provide definite evidence in favor or against their causal association with polyposis predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Terradas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau M Munoz-Torres
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sami Belhadj
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aiza
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Navarro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBGi, Girona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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35
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Altaraihi M, Gerdes AM, Wadt K. A new family with a homozygous nonsense variant in NTHL1 further delineated the clinical phenotype of NTHL1-associated polyposis. Hum Genome Var 2019; 6:46. [PMID: 31645984 PMCID: PMC6804823 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-019-0077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A new family with NTHL1-associated polyposis (NAP) is described, involving a 58-year-old male affected with >100 colorectal polyps and a 55-year-old female sibling with nine colorectal polyps. The female was also diagnosed with a thyroid adenoma at age 40. Significantly, no malignant neoplasms have been detected in this family, which is important to further delineate the clinical phenotype related to NAP. A review of previously reported obligate heterozygous carriers of NTHL1 variants showed two patients affected with neoplasms at <55 years of age, generating a study to outline the phenotypic spectrum in patients with heterozygous pathogenic NTHL1 variants relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mays Altaraihi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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36
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Larouche V, Akirov A, Thain E, Kim RH, Ezzat S. Co-occurrence of breast cancer and neuroendocrine tumours: New genetic insights beyond Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndromes. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2019; 2:e00092. [PMID: 31592449 PMCID: PMC6775469 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age-standardized incidence of female breast cancer is 145.1 per 100000/year and 5.86 per 100000/year for neuroendocrine tumours (NET) in Canada. Evidence is scarce about gene variants that may predispose patients to develop both neoplasms. The objective of this study was to identify germline gene variants associated with this combination of tumours. DESIGN AND PATIENTS A retrospective chart review (2007-2018) in a tertiary NET referral centre was completed. A series of 9 female patients with concurrent breast cancer and NET is presented. All patients underwent a 37 gene hereditary cancer next-generation sequencing panel. RESULTS Mean age was 61.4 years (35-85) at breast cancer diagnosis and 63.4 years (51-89) at NET diagnosis. Four patients had a pancreatic, three had a small bowel and two had a lung NET. Two patients were known cases of MEN1, and one patient was found to harbour a pathogenic variant in MEN1 and a variant of unknown significance (VUS) in ATM. A second patient was found to harbour a pathogenic variant in APC. A third patient was found to carry a pathogenic variant in PALB2 as well as a VUS in FANCM, MLH1 and STK11. Another patient was found to harbour a VUS in MSH2. One patient was found to carry a pathogenic variant in NTHL1. CONCLUSION The first cases of a PALB2, an APC and a NTHL1 pathogenic variants in patients with both breast cancer and NET were presented. NGS testing should be considered in specific patients with this combination of neoplasms, as certain germline variants beyond MEN1, have important implications for cancer surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Larouche
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismJewish General HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Amit Akirov
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Emily Thain
- Familial Cancer ClinicPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Raymond H. Kim
- Fred A Litwin Family Centre in Genetic MedicineUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of Medical OncologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Shereen Ezzat
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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Abstract
While familial adenomatous polyposis accounts for approximately 1% of all colorectal cancer, the genetic cause underlying the development of multiple colonic adenomas remains unsolved in many patients. Adenomatous polyposis syndromes can be divided into: familial adenomatous polyposis, MUTYH-associated polyposis, polymerase proofreading associated polyposis and the recently described NTHL1-associated polyposis (NAP). NAP is characterised by recessive inheritance, attenuated adenomatous polyposis, colonic cancer(s) and possible extracolonic malignancies. To date, 11 cases have been reported as having germline homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the base excision repair gene NTHL1. Here we present a further case of a 65-year-old male with a history of adenomatous polyposis and bladder cancer, who has a previously described homozygous nonsense variant in the NTHL1 gene. This case is consistent with the emerging phenotype previously described of multiple colorectal adenomas and at least one primary tumour, adding to the small but growing body of literature about NAP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allan D Spigelman
- Hunter Family Cancer Service, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Cancer Genetics Clinic, UNSW St Vincent's Clinical School, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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38
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Boldinova EO, Khairullin RF, Makarova AV, Zharkov DO. Isoforms of Base Excision Repair Enzymes Produced by Alternative Splicing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133279. [PMID: 31277343 PMCID: PMC6651865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcripts of many enzymes involved in base excision repair (BER) undergo extensive alternative splicing, but functions of the corresponding alternative splice variants remain largely unexplored. In this review, we cover the studies describing the common alternatively spliced isoforms and disease-associated variants of DNA glycosylases, AP-endonuclease 1, and DNA polymerase beta. We also discuss the roles of alternative splicing in the regulation of their expression, catalytic activities, and intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafil F Khairullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 9 Parizhskoy Kommuny Str., 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alena V Makarova
- RAS Institute of Molecular Genetics, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry O Zharkov
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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39
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Belhadj S, Quintana I, Mur P, Munoz-Torres PM, Alonso MH, Navarro M, Terradas M, Piñol V, Brunet J, Moreno V, Lázaro C, Capellá G, Valle L. NTHL1 biallelic mutations seldom cause colorectal cancer, serrated polyposis or a multi-tumor phenotype, in absence of colorectal adenomas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9020. [PMID: 31227763 PMCID: PMC6588610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer-predisposing syndrome caused by biallelic mutations in NTHL1 may not be a solely colorectal cancer (CRC) and polyposis syndrome but rather a multi-tumor recessive disease. The presence of ≤10 adenomas in several mutation carriers suggests a possible causal role of NTHL1 in hereditary or early-onset nonpolyposis CRC. The involvement of NTHL1 in serrated/hyperplastic polyposis remains unexplored. The aim of our study is to elucidate the role of NTHL1 in the predisposition to personal or familial history of multiple tumor types, familial/early-onset nonpolyposis CRC, and serrated polyposis. NTHL1 mutational screening was performed in 312 cancer patients with personal or family history of multiple tumor types, 488 with hereditary nonpolyposis CRC, and 96 with serrated/hyperplastic polyposis. While no biallelic mutation carriers were identified in patients with personal and/or family history of multiple tumor types or with serrated polyposis, one was identified among the 488 nonpolyposis CRC patients. The carrier of c.268C>T (p.Q90*) and 550-1G>A was diagnosed with CRC and meningioma at ages 37 and 45 respectively, being reclassified as attenuated adenomatous polyposis after the cumulative detection of 26 adenomas. Our findings suggest that biallelic mutations in NTHL1 rarely cause CRC, a personal/familial multi-tumor history, or serrated polyposis, in absence of adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Belhadj
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Quintana
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Mur
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau M Munoz-Torres
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Henar Alonso
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde Navarro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Terradas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Piñol
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, 17007, Girona, Spain.,School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBGi, 17007, Girona, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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40
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Development, technical validation, and clinical application of a multigene panel for hereditary gastrointestinal cancer and polyposis. TUMORI JOURNAL 2019; 105:338-352. [DOI: 10.1177/0300891619847085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Recent advances in technology and research are rapidly changing the diagnostic approach to hereditary gastrointestinal cancer (HGIC) syndromes. Although the practice of clinical genetics is currently transitioning from targeted criteria-based testing to multigene panels, important challenges remain to be addressed. The aim of this study was to develop and technically validate the performance of a multigene panel for HGIC. Methods: CGT-colon-G14 is an amplicon-based panel designed to detect single nucleotide variants and small insertions/deletions in 14 well-established or presumed high-penetrance genes involved in HGIC. The assay parameters tested were sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and inter-run and intra-run reproducibility. Performance and clinical impact were determined using 48 samples of patients with suspected HGIC/polyposis previously tested with the targeted approach. Results: The CGT-colon-G14 panel showed 99.99% accuracy and 100% inter- and intra-run reproducibility. Moreover, panel testing detected 1 actionable pathogenic variant and 16 variants with uncertain clinical impact that were missed by the conventional approach because they were located in genes not previously analyzed. Conclusion: Introduction of the CGT-colon-G14 panel into the clinic could provide a higher diagnostic yield than a step-wise approach; however, results may not always be straightforward without the implementation of new genetic counseling models.
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Valle L, de Voer RM, Goldberg Y, Sjursen W, Försti A, Ruiz-Ponte C, Caldés T, Garré P, Olsen MF, Nordling M, Castellvi-Bel S, Hemminki K. Update on genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer and polyposis. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 69:10-26. [PMID: 30862463 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present article summarizes recent developments in the characterization of genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC). The main themes covered include new hereditary CRC and polyposis syndromes, non-CRC hereditary cancer genes found mutated in CRC patients, strategies used to identify novel causal genes, and review of candidate genes that have been proposed to predispose to CRC and/or colonic polyposis. We provide an overview of newly described genes and syndromes associated with predisposition to CRC and polyposis, including: polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis, NTHL1-associated polyposis, mismatch repair gene biallelic inactivation-related adenomatous polyposis (including MSH3- and MLH3-associated polyposes), GREM1-associated mixed polyposis, RNF43-associated serrated polyposis, and RPS20 mutations as a rare cause of hereditary nonpolyposis CRC. The implementation of next generation sequencing approaches for genetic testing has exposed the presence of pathogenic germline variants in genes associated with hereditary cancer syndromes not traditionally linked to CRC, which may have an impact on genetic testing, counseling and surveillance. The identification of new hereditary CRC and polyposis genes has not deemed an easy endeavor, even though known CRC-related genes explain a small proportion of the estimated familial risk. Whole-genome sequencing may offer a technology for increasing this proportion, particularly if applied on pedigree data allowing linkage type of analysis. The final section critically surveys the large number of candidate genes that have been recently proposed for CRC predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain.
| | - Richarda M de Voer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Wenche Sjursen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Garré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maren F Olsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Margareta Nordling
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sergi Castellvi-Bel
- Genetic Predisposition to Gastrointestinal Cancer Group, Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Identification of Novel Benzoxa-[2,1,3]-diazole Substituted Amino Acid Hydrazides as Potential Anti-Tubercular Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040811. [PMID: 30813427 PMCID: PMC6412293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery and development of new therapeutic options for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection are desperately needed to tackle the continuing global burden of this disease and the efficacy and cost limitations associated with current medicines. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of novel benzoxa-[2,1,3]-diazole substituted amino acid hydrazides in a two-step synthesis and evaluate their inhibitory activity against Mtb and selected bacterial strains of clinical importance utilising an end point-determined REMA assay. Alongside this, their potential for undesired cytotoxicity against mammalian cells was assessed employing standard MTT assay methodologies. It has been demonstrated using modification at three sites (the hydrazine, amino acid, and the benzodiazole) it is possible to change both the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of these molecules whilst not affecting their microbial selectivity, making them attractive architectures for further exploitation as novel antibacterial agents.
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43
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Grolleman JE, de Voer RM, Elsayed FA, Nielsen M, Weren RDA, Palles C, Ligtenberg MJL, Vos JR, Ten Broeke SW, de Miranda NFCC, Kuiper RA, Kamping EJ, Jansen EAM, Vink-Börger ME, Popp I, Lang A, Spier I, Hüneburg R, James PA, Li N, Staninova M, Lindsay H, Cockburn D, Spasic-Boskovic O, Clendenning M, Sweet K, Capellá G, Sjursen W, Høberg-Vetti H, Jongmans MC, Neveling K, Geurts van Kessel A, Morreau H, Hes FJ, Sijmons RH, Schackert HK, Ruiz-Ponte C, Dymerska D, Lubinski J, Rivera B, Foulkes WD, Tomlinson IP, Valle L, Buchanan DD, Kenwrick S, Adlard J, Dimovski AJ, Campbell IG, Aretz S, Schindler D, van Wezel T, Hoogerbrugge N, Kuiper RP. Mutational Signature Analysis Reveals NTHL1 Deficiency to Cause a Multi-tumor Phenotype. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:256-266.e5. [PMID: 30753826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic germline mutations affecting NTHL1 predispose carriers to adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer, but the complete phenotype is unknown. We describe 29 individuals carrying biallelic germline NTHL1 mutations from 17 families, of which 26 developed one (n = 10) or multiple (n = 16) malignancies in 14 different tissues. An unexpected high breast cancer incidence was observed in female carriers (60%). Mutational signature analysis of 14 tumors from 7 organs revealed that NTHL1 deficiency underlies the main mutational process in all but one of the tumors (93%). These results reveal NTHL1 as a multi-tumor predisposition gene with a high lifetime risk for extracolonic cancers and a typical mutational signature observed across tumor types, which can assist in the recognition of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Grolleman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Richarda M de Voer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Fadwa A Elsayed
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert D A Weren
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Claire Palles
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Marjolijn J L Ligtenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Janet R Vos
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne W Ten Broeke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Noel F C C de Miranda
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renske A Kuiper
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline J Kamping
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik A M Jansen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Elisa Vink-Börger
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Isabell Popp
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alois Lang
- Vorarlberg Cancer Registry, Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz 6900, Austria
| | - Isabel Spier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Hüneburg
- Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Paul A James
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbournem, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Na Li
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Marija Staninova
- Center for Biomolecular Pharmaceutical Analyzes, UKIM Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Helen Lindsay
- Leeds Genetics Laboratory, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - David Cockburn
- Leeds Genetics Laboratory, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | - Mark Clendenning
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kevin Sweet
- Division of Human Genetics, Ohio State University Medical Centre, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Wenche Sjursen
- Department of Medical Genetics, St Olavs University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hildegunn Høberg-Vetti
- Western Norway Familial Cancer Center, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marjolijn C Jongmans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kornelia Neveling
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ad Geurts van Kessel
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik J Hes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf H Sijmons
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans K Schackert
- Department of Surgical Research, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX)-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-USC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia 15706, Spain
| | - Dagmara Dymerska
- Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Rivera
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Ian P Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sue Kenwrick
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service and University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Aleksandar J Dimovski
- Center for Biomolecular Pharmaceutical Analyzes, UKIM Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Stefan Aretz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicoline Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roland P Kuiper
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Shinmura K, Kato H, Kawanishi Y, Goto M, Tao H, Yoshimura K, Nakamura S, Misawa K, Sugimura H. Defective repair capacity of variant proteins of the DNA glycosylase NTHL1 for 5-hydroxyuracil, an oxidation product of cytosine. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:264-273. [PMID: 30552997 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The NTHL1 gene encodes DNA glycosylase, which is involved in base excision repair, and biallelic mutations of this gene result in NTHL1-associated polyposis (NAP), a hereditary disease characterized by colorectal polyposis and multiple types of carcinomas. However, no proper functional characterization of variant NTHL1 proteins has been done so far. Herein, we report functional evaluation of variant NTHL1 proteins to aid in the accurate diagnosis of NAP. First, we investigated whether it would be appropriate to use 5-hydroxyuracil (5OHU), an oxidation product of cytosine, for the evaluation. In the supF forward mutation assay, 5OHU caused an increase of the mutation frequency in human cells, and the C→T mutation was predominant among the 5OHU-induced mutations. In addition, in DNA cleavage activity assay, 5OHU was excised by NTHL1 as well as four other DNA glycosylases (SMUG1, NEIL1, TDG, and UNG2). When human cells overexpressing the five DNA glycosylases were established, it was found that each of the five DNA glycosylases, including NTHL1, had the ability to suppress 5OHU-induced mutations. Based on the above results, we performed functional evaluation of eight NTHL1 variants using 5OHU-containing DNA substrate or shuttle plasmid. The DNA cleavage activity assay showed that the variants of NTHL1, Q90X, Y130X, R153X, and Q287X, but not R19Q, V179I, V217F, or G286S, showed defective repair activity for 5OHU and two other oxidatively damaged bases. Moreover, the supF forward mutation assay showed that the four truncated-type NTHL1 variants showed a reduced ability to suppress 5OHU-induced mutations in human cells. These results suggest that the NTHL1 variants Q90X, Y130X, R153X, and Q287X, but not R19Q, V179I, V217F, or G286S, were defective in 5OHU repair and the alleles encoding them were considered to be pathogenic for NAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Hisami Kato
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kawanishi
- Advanced Research Facilities and Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masanori Goto
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hong Tao
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yoshimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoki Nakamura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Gao ZH, Zorychta E, Karamchandani J, Michel RP, Brimo F, Telleria C, Camilleri-Broët S, Auger M, Nguyen VH, Spatz A. Revitalising an academic pathology department: lessons learnt. J Clin Pathol 2018; 72:213-220. [PMID: 30467243 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pathology is a specialty that bridges basic medical science and clinical practice. In the era of personalised medicine, this specialty is facing unprecedented challenges. Some of these challenges are institution-specific, while many are shared worldwide at different magnitude. This review shares our team efforts in the past 5 years, 2012-2017, to revitalise a century-old academic pathology department in three aspects: administration, clinical service and academic development. The lessons learnt and insights gained from our experience may provide guidance to leaders in pathology or in other related specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and MGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edith Zorychta
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and MGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jason Karamchandani
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and MGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - René P Michel
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and MGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Carlos Telleria
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and MGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sophie Camilleri-Broët
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and MGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manon Auger
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and MGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Van-Hung Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and MGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alan Spatz
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and MGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Toh MR, Chiang JB, Chong ST, Chan SH, Ishak NDB, Courtney E, Lee WH, Syed Abdillah Al SMFB, Carson Allen J, Lim KH, Davila S, Tan P, Lim WK, Tan IBH, Ngeow J. Germline Pathogenic Variants in Homologous Recombination and DNA Repair Genes in an Asian Cohort of Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2018; 2:pky054. [PMID: 31360874 PMCID: PMC6649855 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pky054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests a role for cancer susceptibility genes such as BRCA2 and PALB2 in young-onset colorectal cancers. Using a cohort of young colorectal cancer patients, we sought to identify and provide functional evidence for germline pathogenic variants of DNA repair genes not typically associated with colorectal cancer. METHODS We recruited 88 patients with young-onset colorectal cancers seen at a general oncology center. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify variants in DNA repair and colorectal cancer predisposition genes. Pathogenic BRCA2 and PALB2 variants were analyzed using immunoblot and immunofluorescence on patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells. RESULTS In general, our cohort displayed characteristic features of young-onset colorectal cancers. Most patients had left-sided tumors and were diagnosed at late stages. Four patients had familial adenomatous polyposis, as well as pathogenic APC variants. We identified 12 pathogenic variants evenly distributed between DNA repair and colorectal cancer predisposition genes. Six patients had pathogenic variants in colorectal cancer genes: APC (n = 4) and MUTYH monoallelic (n = 2). Another six had pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes: ATM (n = 1), BRCA2 (n = 1), PALB2 (n = 1), NTHL1 (n = 1), and WRN (n = 2). Pathogenic variants BRCA2 c.9154C>T and PALB2 c.1059delA showed deficient homologous recombination repair, evident from the impaired RAD51 nuclear localization and foci formation. CONCLUSION A substantial portion of pathogenic variants in young-onset colorectal cancer was found in DNA repair genes not previously associated with colorectal cancer. This may have implications for the management of patients. Further studies are needed to ascertain the enrichment of pathogenic DNA repair gene variants in colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ren Toh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jian Bang Chiang
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Siao Ting Chong
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Sock Hoai Chan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | | | - Eliza Courtney
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Wei Hao Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | | | | | - Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Sonia Davila
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine (PRISM), Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine (PRISM), Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Weng Khong Lim
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine (PRISM), Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Iain Bee Huat Tan
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Research, National Cancer Center, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
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47
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Fostira F, Kontopodis E, Apostolou P, Fragkaki M, Androulakis N, Yannoukakos D, Konstantopoulou I, Saloustros E. Extending the clinical phenotype associated with biallelic
NTHL1
germline mutations. Clin Genet 2018; 94:588-589. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Fragkaki
- General Hospital of Heraklion “Venizelio‐Pananio” Heraklion Greece
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48
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Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Darband SG, Kaviani M, Mihanfar A, Aghazadeh Attari J, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. DNA damage response and repair in colorectal cancer: Defects, regulation and therapeutic implications. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 69:34-52. [PMID: 30055507 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response, a key factor involved in maintaining genome integrity and stability, consists of several kinase-dependent signaling pathways, which sense and transduce DNA damage signal. The severity of damage appears to determine DNA damage responses, which can include cell cycle arrest, damage repair and apoptosis. A number of recent studies have demonstrated that defection in signaling through this network is thought to be an underlying mechanism behind the development and progression of various types of human malignancies, including colorectal cancer. In this review, colorectal cancer and its molecular pathology as well as DNA damage response is briefly introduced. Finally, the involvement of key components of this network in the initiation/progression, prognosis, response to treatment and development of drug resistance is comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saber Ghazizadeh Darband
- Danesh Pey Hadi Co., Health Technology Development Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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49
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Early onset sporadic colorectal cancer: Worrisome trends and oncogenic features. Dig Liver Dis 2018; 50:521-532. [PMID: 29615301 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early onset colorectal cancers, defined as arising before 50 years of age, are a growing health hazard in western and eastern countries alike. The incidence of colon and rectal cancers in young individuals is projected to increase by as much as 90% and 140%, respectively, by 2030. Although several known cancer risk factors (e.g. smoking, alcohol, dietary habits) have been investigated, there is no single compelling explanation for this epidemiological trend. While some early onset colorectal cancers have been associated with germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes, genetic syndromes are implicated in only a fraction of these cancers (20%) and do not explain the rising incidence. Colorectal neoplasms develop through microsatellite instability or chromosomal instability pathways, with most of the early onset colorectal cancers exhibiting microsatellite stable phenotypes. Genome-wide hypomethylation is a feature of a subgroup of early onset cancers, which appears to be correlated with chromosomal instability and poor prognosis.
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50
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Limpose KL, Trego KS, Li Z, Leung SW, Sarker AH, Shah JA, Ramalingam SS, Werner EM, Dynan WS, Cooper PK, Corbett AH, Doetsch PW. Overexpression of the base excision repair NTHL1 glycosylase causes genomic instability and early cellular hallmarks of cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:4515-4532. [PMID: 29522130 PMCID: PMC5961185 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER), which is initiated by DNA N-glycosylase proteins, is the frontline for repairing potentially mutagenic DNA base damage. The NTHL1 glycosylase, which excises DNA base damage caused by reactive oxygen species, is thought to be a tumor suppressor. However, in addition to NTHL1 loss-of-function mutations, our analysis of cancer genomic datasets reveals that NTHL1 frequently undergoes amplification or upregulation in some cancers. Whether NTHL1 overexpression could contribute to cancer phenotypes has not yet been explored. To address the functional consequences of NTHL1 overexpression, we employed transient overexpression. Both NTHL1 and a catalytically-dead NTHL1 (CATmut) induce DNA damage and genomic instability in non-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) when overexpressed. Strikingly, overexpression of either NTHL1 or CATmut causes replication stress signaling and a decrease in homologous recombination (HR). HBEC cells that overexpress NTHL1 or CATmut acquire the ability to grow in soft agar and exhibit loss of contact inhibition, suggesting that a mechanism independent of NTHL1 catalytic activity contributes to acquisition of cancer-related cellular phenotypes. We provide evidence that NTHL1 interacts with the multifunctional DNA repair protein XPG suggesting that interference with HR is a possible mechanism that contributes to acquisition of early cellular hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Limpose
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kelly S Trego
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zhentian Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sara W Leung
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Altaf H Sarker
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jason A Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Erica M Werner
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - William S Dynan
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Priscilla K Cooper
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Paul W Doetsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity and Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC 27709, USA
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