1
|
Boldinova EO, Baranovskiy AG, Filina YV, Miftakhova RR, Shamsutdinova YF, Tahirov TH, Makarova AV. PrimPol Variant V102A with Altered Primase and Polymerase Activities. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168542. [PMID: 38492718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PrimPol is a human DNA primase-polymerase which restarts DNA synthesis beyond DNA lesions and non-B DNA structures blocking replication. Disfunction of PrimPol in cells leads to slowing of DNA replication rates in mitochondria and nucleus, accumulation of chromosome aberrations, cell cycle delay, and elevated sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. A defective PrimPol has been suggested to be associated with the development of ophthalmic diseases, elevated mitochondrial toxicity of antiviral drugs and increased cell resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we describe a rare missense PrimPol variant V102A with altered biochemical properties identified in patients suffering from ovarian and cervical cancer. The Val102 to Ala substitution dramatically reduced both the primase and DNA polymerase activities of PrimPol as well as specifically decreased its ability to incorporate ribonucleotides. Structural analysis indicates that the V102A substitution can destabilize the hydrophobic pocket adjacent to the active site, affecting dNTP binding and catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta O Boldinova
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 34 / 5, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Baranovskiy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yulia V Filina
- "Translational Oncology" Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Regina R Miftakhova
- "Translational Oncology" Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yana F Shamsutdinova
- Chemotherapy Department №1, Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan Named After Prof. M.Z. Sigal, Sibirskiy trakt 29, 420029 Kazan, Russia
| | - Tahir H Tahirov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Alena V Makarova
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 34 / 5, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stolyarenko AD, Novikova AA, Shilkin ES, Poltorachenko VA, Makarova AV. The Catalytic Activity of Human REV1 on Undamaged and Damaged DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4107. [PMID: 38612916 PMCID: PMC11012841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic REV1 serves as a scaffold protein for the coordination of DNA polymerases during DNA translesion synthesis. Besides this structural role, REV1 is a Y-family DNA polymerase with its own distributive deoxycytidyl transferase activity. However, data about the accuracy and efficiency of DNA synthesis by REV1 in the literature are contrasting. Here, we expressed and purified the full-length human REV1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterized its activity on undamaged DNA and a wide range of damaged DNA templates. We demonstrated that REV1 carried out accurate synthesis opposite 8-oxoG and O6-meG with moderate efficiency. It also replicated thymine glycol surprisingly well in an error-prone manner, but was blocked by the intrastrand 1,2-GG cisplatin crosslink. By using the 1,N6-ethenoadenine and 7-deaza-adenine lesions, we have provided biochemical evidence of the importance for REV1 functioning of the Hoogsteen face of template A, the second preferable template after G.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia D. Stolyarenko
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.N.); (E.S.S.); (V.A.P.)
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Novikova
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.N.); (E.S.S.); (V.A.P.)
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy S. Shilkin
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.N.); (E.S.S.); (V.A.P.)
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alena V. Makarova
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.N.); (E.S.S.); (V.A.P.)
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dementieva NV, Shcherbakov YS, Ryabova AE, Vakhrameev AB, Makarova AV, Nikolaeva OA, Dysin AP, Azovtseva AI, Reinbah NR, Mitrofanova OV. Comparative peculiarities of genomic diversity in Gallus gallus domesticus chickens with decorative plumage: the muffs and beard phenotype. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:108-116. [PMID: 38465249 PMCID: PMC10917671 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, humans have been attempting to develop the ornamental features of domestic animals in addition to their productive qualities. Many chicken breeds have developed tufts of elongated feathers that jut out from the sides and bottom of the beak, leading to the phenotype known as muffs and beard. It is an incomplete autosomal dominant phenotype determined by the Mb locus localised on chromosome GGA27. This project aimed to analyse the genetic diversity of chicken breeds using full genomic genotyping with the Chicken 60K BeadChip. A total of 53,313 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms were analysed. DNA was obtained from breeds with the muffs and beard as a marker phenotype: Faverolles (n = 20), Ukrainian Muffed (n = 18), Orloff (n = 20), Novopavlov White (n = 20), and Novopavlov Coloured (n = 15). The Russian White (n = 20) was selected as an alternative breed without the muffs and beard phenotype. The chickens are owned by the Centre of Collective Use "Genetic Collection of Rare and Endangered Breeds of Chickens" (St. Petersburg region, Pushkin), and are also included in the Core Shared Research Facility (CSRF) and/or Large-Scale Research Facility (LSRF). Multidimensional scaling revealed that the Novopavlov White and the Novopavlov Coloured populations formed a separate group. The Ukrainian Muffed and the Orloff have also been combined into a separate group. Based on cluster analysis, with the cross-validation error and the most probable number of clusters K = 4 taken into account, the Orloff was singled out as a separate group. The Ukrainian Muffed exhibited a notable similarity with the Orloff under the same conditions. At K = 5, the populations of the Novopavlov White and the Novopavlov Coloured diverged. Only at K = 6, a distinct and separate cluster was formed by the Ukrainian Muffed. The Russian White had the greatest number of short (1-2 Mb) homozygous regions. If the HOXB8 gene is located between 3.402 and 3.404 Mb on chromosome GGA27, homozygous regions are rarely found in the chickens with the muffs and beard phenotype. Scanning the chicken genome with the Chicken 60K BeadChip provided enough information about the genetic diversity of the chicken breeds for the peculiarities of the development of the ornamental muffs and beard phenotypes in them to be understood. For example, Phoenix bantams, whose tail feathers grow throughout their lives, require greater consideration of husbandry conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N V Dementieva
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Y S Shcherbakov
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A E Ryabova
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A B Vakhrameev
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Makarova
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O A Nikolaeva
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A P Dysin
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A I Azovtseva
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N R Reinbah
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O V Mitrofanova
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kruchinin AA, Kamzeeva PN, Zharkov DO, Aralov AV, Makarova AV. 8-Oxoadenine: A «New» Player of the Oxidative Stress in Mammals? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1342. [PMID: 38279342 PMCID: PMC10816367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that oxidative modifications of guanine (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, 8-oxoG) can affect cellular functions. 7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoadenine (8-oxoA) is another abundant paradigmatic ambiguous nucleobase but findings reported on the mutagenicity of 8-oxoA in bacterial and eukaryotic cells are incomplete and contradictory. Although several genotoxic studies have demonstrated the mutagenic potential of 8-oxoA in eukaryotic cells, very little biochemical and bioinformatics data about the mechanism of 8-oxoA-induced mutagenesis are available. In this review, we discuss dual coding properties of 8-oxoA, summarize historical and recent genotoxicity and biochemical studies, and address the main protective cellular mechanisms of response to 8-oxoA. We also discuss the available structural data for 8-oxoA bypass by different DNA polymerases as well as the mechanisms of 8-oxoA recognition by DNA repair enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Kruchinin
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (P.N.K.)
- National Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina N. Kamzeeva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (P.N.K.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry O. Zharkov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Aralov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alena V. Makarova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (P.N.K.)
- National Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gromova AS, Boldinova EO, Kim DV, Chuprov-Netochin RN, Leonov SV, Pustovalova MV, Zharkov DO, Makarova AV. Response of PRIMPOL-Knockout Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells to Genotoxic Stress. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2023; 88:1933-1943. [PMID: 38105210 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Human DNA primase/polymerase PrimPol synthesizes DNA primers de novo after replication fork stalling at the sites of DNA damage, thus contributing to the DNA damage tolerance. The role of PrimPol in response to the different types of DNA damage is poorly understood. We knocked out the PRIMPOL gene in the lung carcinoma A549 cell line and characterized the response of the obtained cells to the DNA damage caused by hydrogen peroxide, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), cisplatin, bleomycin, and ionizing radiation. The PRIMPOL knockout reduced the number of proliferating cells and cells in the G2 phase after treatment with MMS and caused a more pronounced delay of the S phase in the cisplatin-treated cells. Ionizing radiation at a dose of 10 Gy significantly increased the content of apoptotic cells among the PRIMPOL-deficient cells, while the proportion of cells undergoing necroptosis increased in both parental and knockout cells at any radiation dose. The viability of PRIMPOL-deficient cells upon the hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress increased compared to the control cells, as determined by the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The obtained data indicate the involvement of PRIMPOL in the modulation of adaptive cell response to various types of genotoxic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Gromova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, 123182, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Elizaveta O Boldinova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, 123182, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Daria V Kim
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Roman N Chuprov-Netochin
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | - Sergey V Leonov
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Margarita V Pustovalova
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | - Dmitry O Zharkov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alena V Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boldinova EO, Makarova AV. Regulation of Human DNA Primase-Polymerase PrimPol. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2023; 88:1139-1155. [PMID: 37758313 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923080084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Transmission of genetic information depends on successful completion of DNA replication. Genomic DNA is subjected to damage on a daily basis. DNA lesions create obstacles for DNA polymerases and can lead to the replication blockage, formation of DNA breaks, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Cells have evolutionary adapted to DNA damage by developing mechanisms allowing elimination of lesions prior to DNA replication (DNA repair) and helping to bypass lesions during DNA synthesis (DNA damage tolerance). The second group of mechanisms includes the restart of DNA synthesis at the sites of DNA damage by DNA primase-polymerase PrimPol. Human PrimPol was described in 2013. The properties and functions of this enzyme have been extensively studied in recent years, but very little is known about the regulation of PrimPol and association between the enzyme dysfunction and diseases. In this review, we described the mechanisms of human PrimPol regulation in the context of DNA replication, discussed in detail interactions of PrimPol with other proteins, and proposed possible pathways for the regulation of human PrimPol activity. The article also addresses the association of PrimPol dysfunction with human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta O Boldinova
- Kurchatov Institute National Research Centre, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Alena V Makarova
- Kurchatov Institute National Research Centre, Moscow, 123182, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shilkin ES, Petrova DV, Zharkov DO, Makarova AV. [Alternative Mechanisms of Mutagenesis at mCpG Sites during Replication and Repair]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2023; 57:587-596. [PMID: 37528779 DOI: 10.31857/s0026898423040195, edn: qlyepa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (mC) at CpG sites plays a key role in the epigenetic gene regulation, cell differentiation, and carcinogenesis. Despite the importance of mC for normal cell function, CpG dinucleotides are known as mutagenesis hotspots. Deamination of mC yields T, causing C→T transitions. However, several recent studies demonstrated the effect of epigenetic modifications of C on the fidelity and efficiency of DNA polymerases and excision repair enzymes. The review summarizes the available data that indicate the existence of deamination-independent mechanisms of mutagenesis at CpG sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Shilkin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - D V Petrova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - D O Zharkov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - A V Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yudkina AV, Barmatov AE, Bulgakov NA, Boldinova EO, Shilkin ES, Makarova AV, Zharkov DO. Bypass of Abasic Site-Peptide Cross-Links by Human Repair and Translesion DNA Polymerases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10877. [PMID: 37446048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-protein cross-links remain the least-studied type of DNA damage. Recently, their repair was shown to involve proteolysis; however, the fate of the peptide remnant attached to DNA is unclear. Particularly, peptide cross-links could interfere with DNA polymerases. Apurinuic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, abundant and spontaneously arising DNA lesions, readily form cross-links with proteins. Their degradation products (AP site-peptide cross-links, APPXLs) are non-instructive and should be even more problematic for polymerases. Here, we address the ability of human DNA polymerases involved in DNA repair and translesion synthesis (POLβ, POLλ, POLη, POLκ and PrimPOL) to carry out synthesis on templates containing AP sites cross-linked to the N-terminus of a 10-mer peptide (APPXL-I) or to an internal lysine of a 23-mer peptide (APPXL-Y). Generally, APPXLs strongly blocked processive DNA synthesis. The blocking properties of APPXL-I were comparable with those of an AP site, while APPXL-Y constituted a much stronger obstruction. POLη and POLκ demonstrated the highest bypass ability. DNA polymerases mostly used dNTP-stabilized template misalignment to incorporate nucleotides when encountering an APPXL. We conclude that APPXLs are likely highly cytotoxic and mutagenic intermediates of AP site-protein cross-link repair and must be quickly eliminated before replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Yudkina
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexander E Barmatov
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita A Bulgakov
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elizaveta O Boldinova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Evgeniy S Shilkin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Alena V Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Dmitry O Zharkov
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boldinova EO, Ghodke PP, Sudhakar S, Mishra VK, Manukyan AA, Miropolskaya N, Pradeepkumar PI, Makarova AV. Translesion Synthesis across the N2-Ethyl-deoxyguanosine Adduct by Human PrimPol. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3238-3250. [PMID: 36318733 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Primase-DNA polymerase (PrimPol) is involved in reinitiating DNA synthesis at stalled replication forks. PrimPol also possesses DNA translesion (TLS) activity and bypasses several endogenous nonbulky DNA lesions in vitro. Little is known about the TLS activity of PrimPol across bulky carcinogenic adducts. We analyzed the DNA polymerase activity of human PrimPol on DNA templates with seven N2-dG lesions of different steric bulkiness. In the presence of Mg2+ ions, bulky N2-isobutyl-dG, N2-benzyl-dG, N2-methyl(1-naphthyl)-dG, N2-methyl(9-anthracenyl)-dG, N2-methyl(1-pyrenyl)-dG, and N2-methyl(1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone)-dG adducts fully blocked PrimPol activity. At the same time, PrimPol incorporated complementary deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP) opposite N2-ethyl-dG with moderate efficiency but did not extend DNA beyond the lesion. We also demonstrated that mutation of the Arg288 residue abrogated dCMP incorporation opposite the lesion in the presence of Mn2+ ions. When Mn2+ replaced Mg2+, PrimPol carried out DNA synthesis on all DNA templates with N2-dG adducts in standing start reactions with low efficiency and accuracy, possibly utilizing a lesion "skipping" mechanism. The TLS activity of PrimPol opposite N2-ethyl-dG but not bulkier adducts was stimulated by accessory proteins, polymerase delta-interacting protein 2 (PolDIP2), and replication protein A (RPA). Molecular dynamics studies demonstrated the absence of stable interactions with deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP), large reactions, and C1'-C1' distances for the N2-isobutyl-dG and N2-benzyl-dG PrimPol complexes, suggesting that the size of the adduct is a limiting factor for efficient TLS across minor groove adducts by PrimPol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta O Boldinova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Pratibha P Ghodke
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sruthi Sudhakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anna A Manukyan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Nataliya Miropolskaya
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | | | - Alena V Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baranova A, Chandhoke V, Makarova AV, Veytsman B. In a search of a protective titer: Do we or do we not need to know? Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e668. [PMID: 34898055 PMCID: PMC8666578 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of postvaccine protection depends on two factors: antibodies and T-cell responses. While the first one is relatively easily measured, the measuring of the second one is a difficult problem. The recent studies indicate that the first one may be a good proxy for the protection, at least for SARS-CoV-2. The massive data currently gathered by both researcher and citizen scientists may be pivotal in confirming this observation, and the collective body of evidence is growing daily. This leads to an acceptance of IgG antibody levels as an accessible biomarker of individual's protection. With enormous and immediate need for assessing patient condition at the point of care, quantitative antibody analysis remains the most effective and efficient way to assess the protection against the disease. Let us not discount importance of reference points in the turmoil of current pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ancha Baranova
- School of System Biology, College of ScienceGeorge Mason UniversityFairfaxVirginiaUSA
- Research Center for Medical Genetics RAMSMoscowRussia
| | - Vikas Chandhoke
- School of System Biology, College of ScienceGeorge Mason UniversityFairfaxVirginiaUSA
| | - Alena V. Makarova
- Institute of Molecular GeneticsNational Research Center, Kurchatov InstituteMoscowRussia
| | - Boris Veytsman
- School of System Biology, College of ScienceGeorge Mason UniversityFairfaxVirginiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Boldinova EO, Yudkina AV, Shilkin ES, Gagarinskaya DI, Baranovskiy AG, Tahirov TH, Zharkov DO, Makarova AV. Translesion activity of PrimPol on DNA with cisplatin and DNA-protein cross-links. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17588. [PMID: 34475447 PMCID: PMC8413282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human PrimPol belongs to the archaeo-eukaryotic primase superfamily of primases and is involved in de novo DNA synthesis downstream of blocking DNA lesions and non-B DNA structures. PrimPol possesses both DNA/RNA primase and DNA polymerase activities, and also bypasses a number of DNA lesions in vitro. In this work, we have analyzed translesion synthesis activity of PrimPol in vitro on DNA with an 1,2-intrastrand cisplatin cross-link (1,2-GG CisPt CL) or a model DNA–protein cross-link (DpCL). PrimPol was capable of the 1,2-GG CisPt CL bypass in the presence of Mn2+ ions and preferentially incorporated two complementary dCMPs opposite the lesion. Nucleotide incorporation was stimulated by PolDIP2, and yeast Pol ζ efficiently extended from the nucleotides inserted opposite the 1,2-GG CisPt CL in vitro. DpCLs significantly blocked the DNA polymerase activity and strand displacement synthesis of PrimPol. However, PrimPol was able to reach the DpCL site in single strand template DNA in the presence of both Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions despite the presence of the bulky protein obstacle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta O Boldinova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow, Russia, 123182
| | - Anna V Yudkina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Evgeniy S Shilkin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow, Russia, 123182
| | - Diana I Gagarinskaya
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow, Russia, 123182
| | - Andrey G Baranovskiy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Tahir H Tahirov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Dmitry O Zharkov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Alena V Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow, Russia, 123182.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shilkin ES, Petrova DV, Poltorachenko VA, Boldinova EO, Zharkov DO, Makarova AV. [Template Properties of 5-Methyl-2'-Deoxycytidine and 5-Hydroxymethyl-2'-Deoxycytidine in Reactions with Human Translesion and Reparative DNA Polymerases]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2021; 55:305-311. [PMID: 33871443 DOI: 10.31857/s0026898421020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (mC) and the product of its controlled oxidation, 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-cytidine (hmC), play a key role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, the cell differentiation, and the carcinogenesis. Due to spontaneious deamination, genomic CpG sites containing mC and hmC serve as mutagenesis hotspots. In addition, error-prone translesion and reparative DNA polymerases may serve as additional source of mutations in the lesion-containing regions with CpG sites. In the present work, we performed in vitro analysis of the accuracy of nucleotide incorporation opposite to mC and hmC by human DNA polymerases Polβ, Polλ, Polη, Polι, PoIκ and primase polymerase PrimPol. The results of the study show a high accuracy of copying mC and hmC by the reparative DNA polymerases polymerases Polβ and Polλ, while Polη, Polι, PoIκ, and PrimPol copied mC and hmC with less accuracy evident by incorporation of dAMP and dTMP. The same spectrum of error-prone dNMP incorporation was also noted at sites with unmodified cytosines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Shilkin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Kurchatov Institute Research Center, Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - D V Petrova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - V A Poltorachenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Kurchatov Institute Research Center, Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - E O Boldinova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Kurchatov Institute Research Center, Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - D O Zharkov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.,
| | - A V Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Kurchatov Institute Research Center, Moscow, 123182 Russia.,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shilkin ES, Boldinova EO, Stolyarenko AD, Goncharova RI, Chuprov-Netochin RN, Smal MP, Makarova AV. Translesion DNA Synthesis and Reinitiation of DNA Synthesis in Chemotherapy Resistance. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2021; 85:869-882. [PMID: 33045948 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920080039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many chemotherapy drugs block tumor cell division by damaging DNA. DNA polymerases eta (Pol η), iota (Pol ι), kappa (Pol κ), REV1 of the Y-family and zeta (Pol ζ) of the B-family efficiently incorporate nucleotides opposite a number of DNA lesions during translesion DNA synthesis. Primase-polymerase PrimPol and the Pol α-primase complex reinitiate DNA synthesis downstream of the damaged sites using their DNA primase activity. These enzymes can decrease the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs, contribute to the survival of tumor cells and to the progression of malignant diseases. DNA polymerases are promising targets for increasing the effectiveness of chemotherapy, and mutations and polymorphisms in some DNA polymerases can serve as additional prognostic markers in a number of oncological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Shilkin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - E O Boldinova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - A D Stolyarenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - R I Goncharova
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072, Republic of Belarus
| | - R N Chuprov-Netochin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - M P Smal
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072, Republic of Belarus.
| | - A V Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shilkin ES, Boldinova EO, Stolyarenko AD, Goncharova RI, Chuprov-Netochin RN, Khairullin RF, Smal MP, Makarova AV. Translesion DNA Synthesis and Carcinogenesis. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2021; 85:425-435. [PMID: 32569550 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tens of thousands of DNA lesions are formed in mammalian cells each day. DNA translesion synthesis is the main mechanism of cell defense against unrepaired DNA lesions. DNA polymerases iota (Pol ι), eta (Pol η), kappa (Pol κ), and zeta (Pol ζ) have active sites that are less stringent toward the DNA template structure and efficiently incorporate nucleotides opposite DNA lesions. However, these polymerases display low accuracy of DNA synthesis and can introduce mutations in genomic DNA. Impaired functioning of these enzymes can lead to an increased risk of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Shilkin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - E O Boldinova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - A D Stolyarenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - R I Goncharova
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072, Republic of Belarus
| | - R N Chuprov-Netochin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - R F Khairullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - M P Smal
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072, Republic of Belarus.
| | - A V Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Boldinova EO, Belousova EA, Gagarinskaya DI, Maltseva EA, Khodyreva SN, Lavrik OI, Makarova AV. Strand Displacement Activity of PrimPol. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239027. [PMID: 33261049 PMCID: PMC7729601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human PrimPol is a unique enzyme possessing DNA/RNA primase and DNA polymerase activities. In this work, we demonstrated that PrimPol efficiently fills a 5-nt gap and possesses the conditional strand displacement activity stimulated by Mn2+ ions and accessory replicative proteins RPA and PolDIP2. The DNA displacement activity of PrimPol was found to be more efficient than the RNA displacement activity and FEN1 processed the 5′-DNA flaps generated by PrimPol in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta O. Boldinova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (E.O.B.); (D.I.G.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Belousova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.B.); (E.A.M.); (S.N.K.); (O.I.L.)
| | - Diana I. Gagarinskaya
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (E.O.B.); (D.I.G.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Maltseva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.B.); (E.A.M.); (S.N.K.); (O.I.L.)
| | - Svetlana N. Khodyreva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.B.); (E.A.M.); (S.N.K.); (O.I.L.)
| | - Olga I. Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.B.); (E.A.M.); (S.N.K.); (O.I.L.)
| | - Alena V. Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (E.O.B.); (D.I.G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim DV, Makarova AV, Miftakhova RR, Zharkov DO. Base Excision DNA Repair Deficient Cells: From Disease Models to Genotoxicity Sensors. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:298-312. [PMID: 31198112 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Base excision DNA repair (BER) is a vitally important pathway that protects the cell genome from many kinds of DNA damage, including oxidation, deamination, and hydrolysis. It involves several tightly coordinated steps, starting from damaged base excision and followed by nicking one DNA strand, incorporating an undamaged nucleotide, and DNA ligation. Deficiencies in BER are often embryonic lethal or cause morbid diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, or severe immune pathologies. Starting from the early 1980s, when the first mammalian cell lines lacking BER were produced by spontaneous mutagenesis, such lines have become a treasure trove of valuable information about the mechanisms of BER, often revealing unexpected connections with other cellular processes, such as antibody maturation or epigenetic demethylation. In addition, these cell lines have found an increasing use in genotoxicity testing, where they provide increased sensitivity and representativity to cell-based assay panels. In this review, we outline current knowledge about BER-deficient cell lines and their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Kim
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Alena V Makarova
- RAS Institute of Molecular Genetics, 2 Kurchatova Sq., Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Regina R Miftakhova
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevsakaya St., Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry O Zharkov
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fu ndamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Boldinova EO, Khairullin RF, Makarova AV, Zharkov DO. Isoforms of Base Excision Repair Enzymes Produced by Alternative Splicing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133279. [PMID: 31277343 PMCID: PMC6651865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcripts of many enzymes involved in base excision repair (BER) undergo extensive alternative splicing, but functions of the corresponding alternative splice variants remain largely unexplored. In this review, we cover the studies describing the common alternatively spliced isoforms and disease-associated variants of DNA glycosylases, AP-endonuclease 1, and DNA polymerase beta. We also discuss the roles of alternative splicing in the regulation of their expression, catalytic activities, and intracellular transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafil F Khairullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 9 Parizhskoy Kommuny Str., 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alena V Makarova
- RAS Institute of Molecular Genetics, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry O Zharkov
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kochenova OV, Bezalel-Buch R, Tran P, Makarova AV, Chabes A, Burgers PMJ, Shcherbakova PV. Yeast DNA polymerase ζ maintains consistent activity and mutagenicity across a wide range of physiological dNTP concentrations. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1200-1218. [PMID: 28180291 PMCID: PMC5388397 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In yeast, dNTP pools expand drastically during DNA damage response. We show that similar dNTP elevation occurs in strains, in which intrinsic replisome defects promote the participation of error-prone DNA polymerase ζ (Polζ) in replication of undamaged DNA. To understand the significance of dNTP pools increase for Polζ function, we studied the activity and fidelity of four-subunit Polζ (Polζ4) and Polζ4-Rev1 (Polζ5) complexes in vitro at ‘normal S-phase’ and ‘damage-response’ dNTP concentrations. The presence of Rev1 inhibited the activity of Polζ and greatly increased the rate of all three ‘X-dCTP’ mispairs, which Polζ4 alone made extremely inefficiently. Both Polζ4 and Polζ5 were most promiscuous at G nucleotides and frequently generated multiple closely spaced sequence changes. Surprisingly, the shift from ‘S-phase’ to ‘damage-response’ dNTP levels only minimally affected the activity, fidelity and error specificity of Polζ complexes. Moreover, Polζ-dependent mutagenesis triggered by replisome defects or UV irradiation in vivo was not decreased when dNTP synthesis was suppressed by hydroxyurea, indicating that Polζ function does not require high dNTP levels. The results support a model wherein dNTP elevation is needed to facilitate non-mutagenic tolerance pathways, while Polζ synthesis represents a unique mechanism of rescuing stalled replication when dNTP supply is low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Kochenova
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rachel Bezalel-Buch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Phong Tran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alena V Makarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrei Chabes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter M J Burgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Polina V Shcherbakova
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Boldinova EO, Stojkovič G, Khairullin R, Wanrooij S, Makarova AV. Optimization of the expression, purification and polymerase activity reaction conditions of recombinant human PrimPol. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184489. [PMID: 28902865 PMCID: PMC5597260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human PrimPol is a DNA primase/polymerase involved in DNA damage tolerance and prevents nuclear genome instability. PrimPol is also localized to the mitochondria, but its precise function in mitochondrial DNA maintenance has remained elusive. PrimPol works both as a translesion (TLS) polymerase and as the primase that restarts DNA replication after a lesion. However, the observed biochemical activities of PrimPol vary considerably between studies as a result of different reaction conditions used. To reveal the effects of reaction composition on PrimPol DNA polymerase activity, we tested the polymerase activity in the presence of various buffer agents, salt concentrations, pH values and metal cofactors. Additionally, the enzyme stability was analyzed under various conditions. We demonstrate that the reaction buffer with pH 6–6.5, low salt concentrations and 3 mM Mg2+ or 0.3–3 mM Mn2+ cofactor ions supports the highest DNA polymerase activity of human PrimPol in vitro. The DNA polymerase activity of PrimPol was found to be stable after multiple freeze-thaw cycles and prolonged protein incubation on ice. However, rapid heat-inactivation of the enzyme was observed at 37ºC. We also for the first time describe the purification of human PrimPol from a human cell line and compare the benefits of this approach to the expression in Escherichia coli and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Our results show that active PrimPol can be purified from E. coli and human suspension cell line in high quantities and that the activity of the purified enzyme is similar in both expression systems. Conversely, the yield of full-length protein expressed in S. cerevisiae was considerably lower and this system is therefore not recommended for expression of full-length recombinant human PrimPol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta O. Boldinova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies, Vernadsky Prospect 78, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gorazd Stojkovič
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rafil Khairullin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, K.Marx, 18 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sjoerd Wanrooij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail: (AVM); (SW)
| | - Alena V. Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail: (AVM); (SW)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Miropolskaya N, Petushkov I, Kulbachinskiy A, Makarova AV. Identification of amino acid residues involved in the dRP-lyase activity of human Pol ι. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10194. [PMID: 28860552 PMCID: PMC5579206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides X-family DNA polymerases (first of all, Pol β) several other human DNA polymerases from Y- and A- families were shown to possess the dRP-lyase activity and could serve as backup polymerases in base excision repair (Pol ι, Rev1, Pol γ and Pol θ). However the exact position of the active sites and the amino acid residues involved in the dRP-lyase activity in Y- and A- family DNA polymerases are not known. Here we carried out functional analysis of fifteen amino acid residues possibly involved in the dRP-lyase activity of human Pol ι. We show that substitutions of residues Q59, K60 and K207 impair the dRP-lyase activity of Pol ι while residues in the HhH motif of the thumb domain are dispensable for this activity. While both K60G and K207A substitutions decrease Schiff-base intermediate formation during dRP group cleavage, the latter substitution also strongly affects the DNA polymerase activity of Pol ι, suggesting that it may impair DNA binding. These data are consistent with an important role of the N-terminal region in the dRP-lyase activity of Pol ι, with possible involvement of residues from the finger domain in the dRP group cleavage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Miropolskaya
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Petushkov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Kulbachinskiy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena V Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Boldinova EO, Wanrooij PH, Shilkin ES, Wanrooij S, Makarova AV. DNA Damage Tolerance by Eukaryotic DNA Polymerase and Primase PrimPol. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1584. [PMID: 28754021 PMCID: PMC5536071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PrimPol is a human deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase that also possesses primase activity and is involved in DNA damage tolerance, the prevention of genome instability and mitochondrial DNA maintenance. In this review, we focus on recent advances in biochemical and crystallographic studies of PrimPol, as well as in identification of new protein-protein interaction partners. Furthermore, we discuss the possible functions of PrimPol in both the nucleus and the mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta O Boldinova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Paulina H Wanrooij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Evgeniy S Shilkin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sjoerd Wanrooij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Alena V Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kazachenko KY, Miropolskaya NA, Gening LV, Tarantul VZ, Makarova AV. Alternative splicing at exon 2 results in the loss of the catalytic activity of mouse DNA polymerase iota in vitro. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 50:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
23
|
Sawicka M, Wanrooij PH, Darbari VC, Tannous E, Hailemariam S, Bose D, Makarova AV, Burgers PM, Zhang X. The Dimeric Architecture of Checkpoint Kinases Mec1ATR and Tel1ATM Reveal a Common Structural Organization. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13436-47. [PMID: 27129217 PMCID: PMC4919432 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.708263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases are key regulators controlling a wide range of cellular events. The yeast Tel1 and Mec1·Ddc2 complex (ATM and ATR-ATRIP in humans) play pivotal roles in DNA replication, DNA damage signaling, and repair. Here, we present the first structural insight for dimers of Mec1·Ddc2 and Tel1 using single-particle electron microscopy. Both kinases reveal a head to head dimer with one major dimeric interface through the N-terminal HEAT (named after Huntingtin, elongation factor 3, protein phosphatase 2A, and yeast kinase TOR1) repeat. Their dimeric interface is significantly distinct from the interface of mTOR complex 1 dimer, which oligomerizes through two spatially separate interfaces. We also observe different structural organizations of kinase domains of Mec1 and Tel1. The kinase domains in the Mec1·Ddc2 dimer are located in close proximity to each other. However, in the Tel1 dimer they are fully separated, providing potential access of substrates to this kinase, even in its dimeric form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sawicka
- From the Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom and
| | - Paulina H Wanrooij
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Vidya C Darbari
- From the Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom and
| | - Elias Tannous
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Sarem Hailemariam
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Daniel Bose
- From the Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom and
| | - Alena V Makarova
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Peter M Burgers
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- From the Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom and
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
This review focuses on eukaryotic DNA polymerase ζ (Pol ζ), the enzyme responsible for the bulk of mutagenesis in eukaryotic cells in response to DNA damage. Pol ζ is also responsible for a large portion of mutagenesis during normal cell growth, in response to spontaneous damage or to certain DNA structures and other blocks that stall DNA replication forks. Novel insights in mutagenesis have been derived from recent advances in the elucidation of the subunit structure of Pol ζ. The lagging strand DNA polymerase δ shares the small Pol31 and Pol32 subunits with the Rev3-Rev7 core assembly giving a four subunit Pol ζ complex that is the active form in mutagenesis. Furthermore, Pol ζ forms essential interactions with the mutasome assembly factor Rev1 and with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). These interactions are modulated by posttranslational modifications such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation that enhance translesion synthesis (TLS) and mutagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena V Makarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMG RAS), Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Peter M Burgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Makarova AV, Ignatov A, Miropolskaya N, Kulbachinskiy A. Roles of the active site residues and metal cofactors in noncanonical base-pairing during catalysis by human DNA polymerase iota. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 22:67-76. [PMID: 25108837 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human DNA polymerase iota (Pol ι) is a Y-family polymerase that can bypass various DNA lesions but possesses very low fidelity of DNA synthesis in vitro. Structural analysis of Pol ι revealed a narrow active site that promotes noncanonical base-pairing during catalysis. To better understand the structure-function relationships in the active site of Pol ι we investigated substitutions of individual amino acid residues in its fingers domain that contact either the templating or the incoming nucleotide. Two of the substitutions, Y39A and Q59A, significantly decreased the catalytic activity but improved the fidelity of Pol ι. Surprisingly, in the presence of Mn(2+) ions, the wild-type and mutant Pol ι variants efficiently incorporated nucleotides opposite template purines containing modifications that disrupted either Hoogsteen or Watson-Crick base-pairing, suggesting that Pol ι may use various types of interactions during nucleotide addition. In contrast, in Mg(2+) reactions, wild-type Pol ι was dependent on Hoogsteen base-pairing, the Y39A mutant was essentially inactive, and the Q59A mutant promoted Watson-Crick interactions with template purines. The results suggest that Pol ι utilizes distinct mechanisms of nucleotide incorporation depending on the metal cofactor and reveal important roles of specific residues from the fingers domain in base-pairing and catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena V Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123182, Russia.
| | - Artem Ignatov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | | | - Andrey Kulbachinskiy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123182, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lin YC, Li L, Makarova AV, Burgers PM, Stone MP, Lloyd RS. Error-prone replication bypass of the primary aflatoxin B1 DNA adduct, AFB1-N7-Gua. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18497-506. [PMID: 24838242 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.561563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The highest rates of early onset HCCs occur in geographical regions with high aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure, concomitant with hepatitis B infection. Although the carcinogenic basis of AFB1 has been ascribed to its mutagenic effects, the mutagenic property of the primary AFB1-DNA adduct, AFB1-N7-Gua, in mammalian cells has not been studied extensively. Taking advantage of the ability to create vectors containing a site-specific DNA adduct, the mutagenic potential was determined in primate cells. This adduct was highly mutagenic following replication in COS-7 cells, with a mutation frequency of 45%. The spectrum of mutations was predominantly G to T base substitutions, a result that is consistent with previous mutation data derived from aflatoxin-associated HCCs. To assess which DNA polymerases (pol) might contribute to the mutational outcome, in vitro replication studies were performed. Unexpectedly, replicative pol δ and the error-prone translesion synthesis pol ζ were able to accurately bypass AFB1-N7-Gua. In contrast, replication bypass using pol κ was shown to occur with low fidelity and could account for the commonly detected G to T transversions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chih Lin
- From the Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, and
| | - Liang Li
- the Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and
| | - Alena V Makarova
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Peter M Burgers
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Michael P Stone
- the Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and
| | - R Stephen Lloyd
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Makarova AV, Nick McElhinny SA, Watts BE, Kunkel TA, Burgers PM. Ribonucleotide incorporation by yeast DNA polymerase ζ. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 18:63-7. [PMID: 24674899 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
During replication in yeast, the three B family DNA replicases frequently incorporate ribonucleotides (rNMPs) into DNA, and their presence in the nuclear genome can affect genome stability. This prompted us to examine ribonucleotide incorporation by the fourth B family member, Pol ζ, the enzyme responsible for the majority of damage-induced mutagenesis in eukaryotes. We first show that Pol ζ inserts rNMPs into DNA and can extend primer termini containing 3'-ribonucleotides. We then measure rNMP incorporation by Pol ζ in the presence of its cofactors, RPA, RFC and PCNA and at normal cellular dNTP and rNTP concentrations that exist under unstressed conditions. Under these conditions, Pol ζ stably incorporates one rNMP for every 200-300 dNMPs incorporated, a frequency that is slightly higher than for the high fidelity replicative DNA polymerases. Under damage-induced conditions wherein cellular dNTP concentrations are elevated 5-fold, Pol ζ only incorporates one rNMP per 1300 dNMPs. Functional interaction of Pol ζ with the mutasome assembly factor Rev1 gives comparable rNMP incorporation frequencies. These results suggest that ribonucleotide incorporation into DNA during Pol ζ-mediated mutagenesis in vivo may be rare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena V Makarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephanie A Nick McElhinny
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Brian E Watts
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Thomas A Kunkel
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Peter M Burgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lin YC, Li L, Makarova AV, Burgers PM, Stone MP, Lloyd RS. Molecular basis of aflatoxin-induced mutagenesis-role of the aflatoxin B1-formamidopyrimidine adduct. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1461-8. [PMID: 24398669 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a known carcinogen associated with early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is thought to contribute to over half a million new HCCs per year. Although some of the fundamental risk factors are established, the molecular basis of AFB1-induced mutagenesis in primate cells has not been rigorously investigated. To gain insights into genome instability that is produced as a result of replicating DNAs containing AFB1 adducts, site-specific mutagenesis assays were used to establish the mutagenic potential of the persistent ring-opened AFB1 adduct, AFB1-formamidopyrimidine (AFB1-FAPY). This lesion was highly mutagenic, yielding replication error frequencies of 97%, with the predominant base substitution being a G to T transversion. This transversion is consistent with previous mutational data derived from aflatoxin-associated HCCs. In vitro translesion synthesis assays demonstrated that polymerase (pol) ζ was the most likely candidate polymerase that is responsible for the G to T mutations induced by this adduct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chih Lin
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences and Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Alena V Makarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA and
| | - Peter M Burgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA and
| | - Michael P Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - R Stephen Lloyd
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Cellular DNA polymerases belong to several families and carry out different functions. Highly accurate replicative DNA polymerases play the major role in cell genome replication. A number of new specialized DNA polymerases were discovered at the turn of XX-XXI centuries and have been intensively studied during the last decade. Due to the special structure of the active site, these enzymes efficiently perform synthesis on damaged DNA but are characterized by low fidelity. Human DNA polymerase iota (Pol ι) belongs to the Y-family of specialized DNA polymerases and is one of the most error-prone enzymes involved in DNA synthesis. In contrast to other DNA polymerases, Pol ι is able to use noncanonical Hoogsteen interactions for nucleotide base pairing. This allows it to incorporate nucleotides opposite various lesions in the DNA template that impair Watson-Crick interactions. Based on the data of X-ray structural analysis of Pol ι in complexes with various DNA templates and dNTP substrates, we consider the structural peculiarities of the Pol ι active site and discuss possible mechanisms that ensure the unique behavior of the enzyme on damaged and undamaged DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, pl. Kurchatova 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Smith LA, Makarova AV, Samson L, Thiesen KE, Dhar A, Bessho T. Bypass of a psoralen DNA interstrand cross-link by DNA polymerases β, ι, and κ in vitro. Biochemistry 2012; 51:8931-8. [PMID: 23106263 DOI: 10.1021/bi3008565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Repair of DNA interstrand cross-links in mammalian cells involves several biochemically distinctive processes, including the release of one of the cross-linked strands and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). In this report, we investigated the in vitro TLS activity of a psoralen DNA interstrand cross-link by three DNA repair polymerases, DNA polymerases β, κ, and ι. DNA polymerase β is capable of bypassing a psoralen cross-link with a low efficiency. Cell extracts prepared from DNA polymerase β knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts showed a reduced bypass activity of the psoralen cross-link, and purified DNA polymerase β restored the bypass activity. In addition, DNA polymerase ι misincorporated thymine across the psoralen cross-link and DNA polymerase κ extended these mispaired primer ends, suggesting that DNA polymerase ι may serve as an inserter and DNA polymerase κ may play a role as an extender in the repair of psoralen DNA interstrand cross-links. The results demonstrated here indicate that multiple DNA polymerases could participate in TLS steps in mammalian DNA interstrand cross-link repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Smith
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Makarova AV, Stodola JL, Burgers PM. A four-subunit DNA polymerase ζ complex containing Pol δ accessory subunits is essential for PCNA-mediated mutagenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:11618-26. [PMID: 23066099 PMCID: PMC3526297 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase ζ (Pol ζ) plays a key role in DNA translesion synthesis (TLS) and mutagenesis in eukaryotes. Previously, a two-subunit Rev3-Rev7 complex had been identified as the minimal assembly required for catalytic activity in vitro. Herein, we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pol ζ binds to the Pol31 and Pol32 subunits of Pol δ, forming a four-subunit Pol ζ(4) complex (Rev3-Rev7-Pol31-Pol32). A [4Fe-4S] cluster in Rev3 is essential for the formation of Pol ζ(4) and damage-induced mutagenesis. Pol32 is indispensible for complex formation, providing an explanation for the long-standing observation that pol32Δ strains are defective for mutagenesis. The Pol31 and Pol32 subunits are also required for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-dependent TLS by Pol ζ as Pol ζ(2) lacks functional interactions with PCNA. Mutation of the C-terminal PCNA-interaction motif in Pol32 attenuates PCNA-dependent TLS in vitro and mutagenesis in vivo. Furthermore, a mutant form of PCNA, encoded by the mutagenesis-defective pol30-113 mutant, fails to stimulate Pol ζ(4) activity, providing an explanation for the observed mutagenesis phenotype. A stable Pol ζ(4) complex can be identified in all phases of the cell cycle suggesting that this complex is not regulated at the level of protein interactions between Rev3-Rev7 and Pol31-Pol32.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter M. Burgers
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 314 362 3872; Fax: +1 314 362 7183l;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lakhin AV, Kazakov AA, Makarova AV, Pavlov YI, Efremova AS, Shram SI, Tarantul VZ, Gening LV. Isolation and characterization of high affinity aptamers against DNA polymerase iota. Nucleic Acid Ther 2012; 22:49-57. [PMID: 22221258 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2011.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human DNA-polymerase iota (Pol ι) is an extremely error-prone enzyme and the fidelity depends on the sequence context of the template. Using the in vitro systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) procedure, we obtained an oligoribonucleotide with a high affinity to human Pol ι, named aptamer IKL5. We determined its dissociation constant with homogenous preparation of Pol ι and predicted its putative secondary structure. The aptamer IKL5 specifically inhibits DNA-polymerase activity of the purified enzyme Pol ι, but did not inhibit the DNA-polymerase activities of human DNA polymerases beta and kappa. IKL5 suppressed the error-prone DNA-polymerase activity of Pol ι also in cellular extracts of the tumor cell line SKOV-3. The aptamer IKL5 is useful for studies of the biological role of Pol ι and as a potential drug to suppress the increase of the activity of this enzyme in malignant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Lakhin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Kurchatov Square,Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Makarova IV, Kazakov AA, Makarova AV, Khaidarova NV, Kozikova LV, Nenasheva VV, Gening LV, Tarantul VZ, Andreeva LE. Transient expression and activity of human DNA polymerase iota in loach embryos. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 34:205-12. [PMID: 21983970 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human DNA polymerase iota (Pol ι) is a Y-family DNA polymerase with unusual biochemical properties and not fully understood functions. Pol ι preferentially incorporates dGTP opposite template thymine. This property can be used to monitor Pol ι activity in the presence of other DNA polymerases, e.g. in cell extracts of tissues and tumors. We have now confirmed the specificity and sensitivity of the method of Pol ι activity detection in cell extracts using an animal model of loach Misgurnus fossilis embryos transiently expressing human Pol ι. The overexpression of Pol ι was shown to be accompanied by an increase in abnormalities in development and the frequency of pycnotic nuclei in fish embryos. Further analysis of fish embryos with constitutive or regulated Pol ι expression may provide insights into Pol ι functions in vertebrate animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Makarova
- Department of Viral and Cellular Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Kurchatov Sq, Moscow, Russia, 123182
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Makarova AV, Grabow C, Gening LV, Tarantul VZ, Tahirov TH, Bessho T, Pavlov YI. Inaccurate DNA synthesis in cell extracts of yeast producing active human DNA polymerase iota. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16612. [PMID: 21304950 PMCID: PMC3031609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian Pol ι has an unusual combination of properties: it is stimulated by Mn2+ ions, can bypass some DNA lesions and misincorporates “G” opposite template “T” more frequently than incorporates the correct “A.” We recently proposed a method of detection of Pol ι activity in animal cell extracts, based on primer extension opposite the template T with a high concentration of only two nucleotides, dGTP and dATP (incorporation of “G” versus “A” method of Gening, abbreviated as “misGvA”). We provide unambiguous proof of the “misGvA” approach concept and extend the applicability of the method for the studies of variants of Pol ι in the yeast model system with different cation cofactors. We produced human Pol ι in baker's yeast, which do not have a POLI ortholog. The “misGvA” activity is absent in cell extracts containing an empty vector, or producing catalytically dead Pol ι, or Pol ι lacking exon 2, but is robust in the strain producing wild-type Pol ι or its catalytic core, or protein with the active center L62I mutant. The signature pattern of primer extension products resulting from inaccurate DNA synthesis by extracts of cells producing either Pol ι or human Pol η is different. The DNA sequence of the template is critical for the detection of the infidelity of DNA synthesis attributed to DNA Pol ι. The primer/template and composition of the exogenous DNA precursor pool can be adapted to monitor replication fidelity in cell extracts expressing various error-prone Pols or mutator variants of accurate Pols. Finally, we demonstrate that the mutation rates in yeast strains producing human DNA Pols ι and η are not elevated over the control strain, despite highly inaccurate DNA synthesis by their extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena V. Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Corinn Grabow
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Leonid V. Gening
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav Z. Tarantul
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tahir H. Tahirov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Tadayoshi Bessho
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Youri I. Pavlov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Makarova AV, Gening LV, Makarova IV, Tarantul VZ. [Activity of error-prone DNA polymerase iota in different periods of house mouse Mus musculus ontogeny]. Ontogenez 2008; 39:367-373. [PMID: 18959202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of incorrect activity of error-prone DNA polymerase iota in M. musculus ontogeny demonstrated considerable changes in its activity, which peaks in most organs during prenatal development and decreases in the adult body. We propose that the capacity of error-prone DNA polymerases to synthesize on damaged DNA regions is critical for the realization of rapidly changing genetic program in mammalian embryogenesis, which relieves the replication block and prevents cell death.
Collapse
|
36
|
Gening LV, Makarova AV, Malashenko AM, Tarantul VZ. A false note of DNA polymerase iota in the choir of genome caretakers in mammals. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2006; 71:155-9. [PMID: 16489919 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297906020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA polymerase iota (Pol iota) of mammals is a member of the Y family of DNA polymerases. Among many other genome caretakers, these enzymes are responsible for maintaining genome stability. The members of the Y-family DNA polymerases take part in translesion DNA synthesis, bypassing some DNA lesions, and are characterized by low fidelity of DNA synthesis. A unique ability of Pol iota to predominantly incorporate G opposite T allowed us to identify the product of this enzyme among those synthesized by other DNA polymerases. This product can be called a "false note" of Pol iota. We measured the enzyme activity of Pol iota in crude extracts of cells from different organs of five inbred strains of mice (N3H/Sn, 101/H, C57BL/6, BALB/c, 129/J) that differed in a number of parameters. The "false note" of Pol iota was clearly sounding only in the extracts of testis and brain cells from four analyzed strains: N3H/Sn, 101/H, C57BL/6, BALB/c. In mice of 129/J strain that had a nonsense mutation in the second exon of the pol iota gene, the Pol iota activity was reliably detectable only in the extracts of brain. The data show that the active enzyme can be formed in some cell types even if they carry a nonsense mutation in the pol iota gene. This supports tissue-specific regulation of pol iota gene expression through alternative splicing. A semiquantitative determination of pol iota activity in mice strains different in their radiosensitivity suggests a reciprocal correlation between the enzyme activity of pol iota in testis and the resistance of mice to radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L V Gening
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sologub VK, Oliunina NA, Lavrov VA, Tarasov AV, Makarova AV. [The spectrum of fatty acids in burns]. Klin Med (Mosk) 1983; 61:108-12. [PMID: 6645340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
38
|
Dagaeva LN, Belikova FS, Podotykina OI, Makarova AV. [Dynamics of insulin secretion in dogs with alloxan diabetes]. Biull Eksp Biol Med 1978; 85:278-81. [PMID: 352428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It was shown that hypoinsulinemia in the superior pancratico-duodenal vein and inhibition of the first phase of insulin secretion by the pancreas characteristic of alloxan diabetes of different severity was absent in the femoral vein. The data obtained in the insulin and glucose concentration study in the superior pancreatico-duodenal vein stressed the leading role of the pancreatic factor in the pathogenesis of alloxan diabetes in dogs. Analysis of these parameters in the peripheral femoral vein failed to reflect this statement adequately.
Collapse
|