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Mortz CG, Eller E, Garvik OS, Kjaer HF, Zuberbier T, Bindslev-Jensen C. Challenge-verified thresholds for allergens mandatory for labeling: How little is too much for the most sensitive patient? Allergy 2024; 79:1306-1316. [PMID: 37661296 DOI: 10.1111/all.15870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is mandatory to label food products with the 14 main allergens in the EU. Reasonable allergen labeling requires knowledge of population-based thresholds derived from food challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the threshold-distribution in clinically verified food allergic patients for allergens mandatory for labeling. METHODS All positive open oral food challenges and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) performed at the Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (2000-2022) were included. For each included challenge, the cumulative threshold (LOAEL) was obtained and NOAEL estimated. Data were modelled as an interval censored log-normal distribution. RESULTS Overall, 38 of all 2612 challenges (1.5%) in 1229 patients (717 male, 986 children) reacted to <5 mg protein. The majority of the most sensitive patients reacted with a Sampson severity score of 2-3. Using interval censored log-normal models only five groups (hens´ egg, fish, peanut, milk, tree-nuts) elicited reactions after ingestion of 0.5 mg protein and in low frequencies of the population. Hen's egg was the most potent allergen, with reactivity to <0.5 mg protein in 0.24% [0.13-0.44%] of egg allergic patients while the estimated fraction of allergic patients reacting to a eliciting dose on 0.5 mg protein for most other allergens were below 0.04%. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrates that the majority of food allergic patients as expected tolerating traces of allergenic foods without developing severe allergic symptoms and signs. Hen's egg appears to be the food most likely to elicit reactions in the most sensitive individuals at very low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte G Mortz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Esben Eller
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Olav Sivertsen Garvik
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Fomsgaard Kjaer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology and Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP Allergology and Immunology Paul-Ehrlich-Haus Hindenburgdamm 27, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Bindslev-Jensen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Dinardo G, Dahdah L, Cafarotti A, Arasi S, Fierro V, Pecora V, Mazzuca C, Urbani S, Artesani MC, Riccardi C, Valluzzi RL, Indolfi C, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Fiocchi A. Botanical Impurities in the Supply Chain: A New Allergenic Risk Exacerbated by Geopolitical Challenges. Nutrients 2024; 16:628. [PMID: 38474756 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The supply chains of food raw materials have recently been heavily influenced by geopolitical events. Products that came from, or transited through, areas currently in conflict are now preferentially supplied from alternative areas. These changes may entail risks for food safety. METHODS We review the potential allergenicity of botanical impurities, specifically vegetable contaminants, with particular attention to the contamination of vegetable oils. We delve into the diverse types of botanical impurities, their sources, and the associated allergenic potential. Our analysis encompasses an evaluation of the regulatory framework governing botanical impurities in food labeling. RESULTS Unintended plant-derived contaminants may manifest in raw materials during various stages of food production, processing, or storage, posing a risk of allergic reactions for individuals with established food allergies. Issues may arise from natural occurrence, cross-contamination in the supply chain, and contamination at during production. The food and food service industries are responsible for providing and preparing foods that are safe for people with food allergies: we address the challenges inherent in risk assessment of botanical impurities. CONCLUSIONS The presence of botanical impurities emerges as a significant risk factor for food allergies in the 2020s. We advocate for regulatory authorities to fortify labeling requirements and develop robust risk assessment tools. These measures are necessary to enhance consumer awareness regarding the potential risks posed by these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Dinardo
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Lamia Dahdah
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Cafarotti
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fierro
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pecora
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Mazzuca
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Urbani
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Artesani
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Riccardi
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Luigi Valluzzi
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Indolfi
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fiocchi
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
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Wu Y, Zhang G, Wang Y, Wei X, Liu H, Zhang L, Zhang L. A Review on Maternal and Infant Microbiota and Their Implications for the Prevention and Treatment of Allergic Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112483. [PMID: 37299446 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases, which are closely related to the composition and metabolism of maternal and infant flora, are prevalent in infants worldwide. The mother's breast milk, intestinal, and vaginal flora directly or indirectly influence the development of the infant's immune system from pregnancy to lactation, and the compositional and functional alterations of maternal flora are associated with allergic diseases in infants. Meanwhile, the infant's own flora, represented by the intestinal flora, indicates and regulates the occurrence of allergic diseases and is altered with the intervention of allergic diseases. By searching and selecting relevant literature in PubMed from 2010 to 2023, the mechanisms of allergy development in infants and the links between maternal and infant flora and infant allergic diseases are reviewed, including the effects of flora composition and its consequences on infant metabolism. The critical role of maternal and infant flora in allergic diseases has provided a window for probiotics as a microbial therapy. Therefore, the uses and mechanisms by which probiotics, such as lactic acid bacteria, can help to improve the homeostasis of both the mother and the infant, and thereby treat allergies, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Gongsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yucong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Yue SR, Shrivastava R, Campbell K, Walker MJ. Food allergen recalls in the United Kingdom: A critical analysis of reported recalls from 2016 to 2021. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schirmer TM, Scherf KA. Influence of baking conditions on the extractability and immunochemical detection of wheat gluten proteins. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 6:100431. [PMID: 36636725 PMCID: PMC9829696 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Food processing conditions affect the accurate detection of gluten by ELISA, which is of importance for proper gluten-free labelling. We prepared different wheat flour-based and incurred baked goods (bread, crispbread, pretzel) to investigate the influence of baking conditions and alkali treatment on gluten quantitation by ELISA using different extraction solvents. Protein composition and extractability were determined (SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, GP-HPLC). The extraction solvents showed different performances; none of them could compensate the effect of baking on the detection. Dough preparation, baking and additional alkali treatment decreased protein extractability under reducing and non-reducing conditions. High temperature combined with alkali treatment resulted in the lowest protein extractabilities (<77% for bread crust, <61% for pretzel crust) due to the formation of disulfide and non-disulfide gluten crosslinks. There was no clear correlation between the protein composition and the extractability of alcohol- and SDS-soluble proteins of the baked goods. Thus, this research shows that gluten extractability rather than gluten composition is crucial for detection by ELISA in baked goods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Miriam Schirmer
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Katharina Anne Scherf
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany,Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20 a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany,Corresponding author. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20 a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany. https://bioactivefc.iab.kit.edu
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Nishimura T, Fukazawa M, Fukuoka K, Okasora T, Yamada S, Kyo S, Homan M, Miura T, Nomura Y, Tsuchida S, Yajima S, Aoki S, Nakamura Y, Hosaka T, Hidaka H, Yamamori H, Inoue A, Morimoto J. Early introduction of very small amounts of multiple foods to infants: A randomized trial. Allergol Int 2022; 71:345-353. [PMID: 35367136 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether multiple food allergies could be safely prevented by simultaneously administering very small amounts of multiple foods. METHODS Infants 3-4 months old with atopic dermatitis from 14 primary care pediatric clinics in Japan were enrolled in this randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were administered either mixed allergenic food powder (MP) containing egg, milk, wheat, soybean, buckwheat, and peanuts, or placebo powder (PP). The amount of powder was increased in a stepwise manner on weeks 2 and 4, and continued until week 12. The occurrence of food allergy episodes after powder intervention was assessed at 18 months old. This trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (number UMIN000027837). RESULTS A total of 163 participants were randomly allocated to either the MP group (n = 83) or the PP group (n = 80). The incidence of food allergy episodes by 18 months was significantly different between the MP and PP groups (7/83 vs. 19/80, respectively; risk ratio 0.301 [95% CI 0.116-0.784]; P = 0.0066). Egg allergies were reduced in the MP group. In addition, food allergy episodes from any of the other five foods were significantly reduced, although the reductions in those due to individual foods were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Gradually increasing the intake of very small amounts of multiple foods in early infancy can safely reduce the incidence of egg allergies. Other foods may also suppress food allergies, but no definitive conclusions could be reached.
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Mullins E, Bresson J, Dalmay T, Dewhurst IC, Epstein MM, George Firbank L, Guerche P, Hejatko J, Naegeli H, Nogué F, Rostoks N, Sánchez Serrano JJ, Savoini G, Veromann E, Veronesi F, Fernandez Dumont A, Moreno FJ. Scientific Opinion on development needs for the allergenicity and protein safety assessment of food and feed products derived from biotechnology. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07044. [PMID: 35106091 PMCID: PMC8787593 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This Scientific Opinion addresses the formulation of specific development needs, including research requirements for allergenicity assessment and protein safety, in general, which is urgently needed in a world that demands more sustainable food systems. Current allergenicity risk assessment strategies are based on the principles and guidelines of the Codex Alimentarius for the safety assessment of foods derived from 'modern' biotechnology initially published in 2003. The core approach for the safety assessment is based on a 'weight-of-evidence' approach because no single piece of information or experimental method provides sufficient evidence to predict allergenicity. Although the Codex Alimentarius and EFSA guidance documents successfully addressed allergenicity assessments of single/stacked event GM applications, experience gained and new developments in the field call for a modernisation of some key elements of the risk assessment. These should include the consideration of clinical relevance, route of exposure and potential threshold values of food allergens, the update of in silico tools used with more targeted databases and better integration and standardisation of test materials and in vitro/in vivo protocols. Furthermore, more complex future products will likely challenge the overall practical implementation of current guidelines, which were mainly targeted to assess a few newly expressed proteins. Therefore, it is timely to review and clarify the main purpose of the allergenicity risk assessment and the vital role it plays in protecting consumers' health. A roadmap to (re)define the allergenicity safety objectives and risk assessment needs will be required to inform a series of key questions for risk assessors and risk managers such as 'what is the purpose of the allergenicity risk assessment?' or 'what level of confidence is necessary for the predictions?'.
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8
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Threshold of Reactivity and Tolerance to Precautionary Allergen-Labelled Biscuits of Baked Milk- and Egg-Allergic Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124540. [PMID: 34960092 PMCID: PMC8709061 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Extremely sensitive food-allergic patients may react to very small amounts of allergenic foods. Precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) warns from possible allergenic contaminations. We evaluated by oral food challenge the reactivity to a brand of PAL-labelled milk- and egg-free biscuits of children with severe milk and egg allergy. We explored the ability of proteomic methods to identify minute amounts of milk/egg allergens in such biscuits. Traces of milk and/or egg allergens in biscuits were measured by two different liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. The binding of patient’s serum with egg/milk proteins was assessed using immunoblotting. None of the patients reacted to biscuits. Egg and milk proteins were undetectable with a limit of detection of 0.6 µg/g for milk and egg (method A), and of 0.1 and 0.3 µg /g for milk and egg, respectively (method B). The immunoblots did not show milk/egg proteins in the studied biscuits. Milk/egg content of the biscuits is far lower than 4 µg of milk or egg protein per gram of product, the minimal doses considered theoretically capable of causing reactions. With high sensitivity, proteomic assessments predict the harmlessness of very small amount of allergens in foods, and can be used to help avoiding unnecessary PAL.
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Maciag MC, Sheehan WJ, Bartnikas LM, Lai PS, Petty CR, Filep S, Chapman MD, Phipatanakul W. Detection of Food Allergens in School and Home Environments of Elementary Students. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:3735-3743. [PMID: 34174494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about environmental food allergen exposure on school surfaces. OBJECTIVE To compare the distribution of major food allergens in floor dust and table wipe samples from elementary schools and dust samples from students' homes. METHODS In this substudy of the School Inner-City Asthma Study-II, 103 table wipe samples and 98 floor dust samples from cafeterias and classrooms in 18 elementary schools were analyzed for milk, peanut, cashew, hazelnut, and egg using a multiplex array. Home kitchen floor and bed dust samples from 90 students were also analyzed. RESULTS Food allergens were detectable in schools, but at significantly lower levels than in homes (P < .001). In schools, milk and peanut were detected in all table wipe samples; milk and egg were detected in all floor dust samples. Cafeteria table wipe samples contained significantly higher levels of milk, peanut, hazelnut, and egg, compared with classrooms. Cafeteria floor dust samples contained higher levels milk than classrooms. Peanut-restrictive policies did not consistently reduce environmental peanut exposure in schools. Peanut allergen was lower in dust from homes of students with peanut allergy (n = 5) compared with those without peanut allergy (n = 85) (P < .001). Reassuringly, peanut allergen in the schools of peanut-allergic students was not significantly different than in their homes. CONCLUSION Food allergens were readily detectable on tables and floors in elementary schools, but at levels lower than in students' homes. For peanut-allergic students, the levels of detectable peanut in their schools were not higher than their homes. The low levels of detectable food allergens in school environments are unlikely to result in severe allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Maciag
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Asthma & Allergy Affiliates, Salem, Mass
| | - William J Sheehan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Lisa M Bartnikas
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Peggy S Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Carter R Petty
- Biostatistics and Research Design Core, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | | | | | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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Taylor SL, Houben GF, Blom W, Westerhout J, Remington BC, Crevel RW, Brooke-Taylor S, Baumert JL. The population threshold for soy as an allergenic food – Why did the Reference Dose decrease in VITAL 3.0? Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Buyuktiryaki B, Masini M, Mori F, Barni S, Liccioli G, Sarti L, Lodi L, Giovannini M, du Toit G, Lopata AL, Marques-Mejias MA. IgE-Mediated Fish Allergy in Children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57010076. [PMID: 33477460 PMCID: PMC7830012 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fish allergy constitutes a severe problem worldwide. Its prevalence has been calculated as high as 7% in paediatric populations, and in many cases, it persists into adulthood with life-threatening signs and symptoms. The following review focuses on the epidemiology of Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated fish allergy, its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and a thorough approach to diagnosis and management in the paediatric population. The traditional approach for managing fish allergy is avoidance and rescue medication for accidental exposures. Food avoidance poses many obstacles and is not easily maintained. In the specific case of fish, food is also not the only source of allergens; aerosolisation of fish proteins when cooking is a common source of highly allergenic parvalbumin, and elimination diets cannot prevent these contacts. Novel management approaches based on immunomodulation are a promising strategy for the future of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Buyuktiryaki
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Koc University Hospital, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Marzio Masini
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Mori
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (S.B.); (G.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Simona Barni
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (S.B.); (G.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Giulia Liccioli
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (S.B.); (G.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Lucrezia Sarti
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (S.B.); (G.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Lodi
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Immunology, Section of Pediatrics, University of Florence and Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (S.B.); (G.L.); (L.S.)
- Pediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK; (G.d.T.); (M.A.M.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - George du Toit
- Pediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK; (G.d.T.); (M.A.M.-M.)
- Children’s Allergy Service, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Andreas Ludwig Lopata
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Maria Andreina Marques-Mejias
- Pediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK; (G.d.T.); (M.A.M.-M.)
- Children’s Allergy Service, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Xu LL, Zhang HW, Zhang XM, Lin H, Guo YM, Yu C, Sun LR, Li ZX. Natural Shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) Tropomyosin Shows Higher Allergic Properties than Recombinant Ones as Compared through SWATH-MS-Based Proteomics and Immunological Response. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11553-11567. [PMID: 32941022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropomyosin (TM) is the major shrimp allergen that could trigger anaphylactic reactions. Recently, recombinant TM (rTM) has been accepted widely in the field of allergen-specific immunotherapy, but the allergenicity of rTM has not been compared with natural TM (nTM) based on an in vitro digestion profile. In this work, IgG-/IgE binding, allergen peptides, and degranulation ability of the digested samples in simulated gastric fluid/simulated intestinal fluid/gastrointestinal models from nTM and rTM were evaluated by immunoassays, proteomics, and basophil degranulation assay. Results showed that pepsin-digested and trypsin-digested samples of rTM exhibited lower IgG-/IgE binding and degranulation than those of nTM. More peptides of the digested samples from rTM (57.8%) matched shrimp allergic epitopes than those from nTM (33.3%). However, the peptide SITDELDQTF (269-278) appeared most frequently. These findings would supply foundation data for epitope-based immunotherapy to shrimp allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wei Zhang
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, No.70 Qutangxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266002, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Mei Zhang
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, No.70 Qutangxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266002, P. R. China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P. R. China
| | - Yu Man Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P. R. China
| | - Li Rui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P. R. China
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DeCastelli L, Arioli F, Bianchi DM, Barbaro A, Nobile M, Panseri S, Chiesa LM. An Italian survey of undeclared allergens in food over the years 2014-2018. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2020; 13:115-120. [PMID: 32207375 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2020.1738561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Large population studies estimated that the frequency of food allergies is increasing worldwide. In the last two decades, a 'second wave' of the allergy epidemic has emerged as a growing public health problem. EU regulation strengthened information to consumers about allergens in pre-packed food, since December 2014 it has been extended to non-prepacked foods by the Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Commission. The present work aims to present a five-year survey on the presence of nine types of allergen in several foods, including food of animal origin and baby food. The concentration found for each irregular allergen is generally low, but some samples with no gluten indication contained a concentration above 10 mg kg-1 with the highest value of 138.5 mg kg-1 in a dietetic food, during the screening in 2017. These data underline the importance and the necessity of a complete food labelling to protect the majority of allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia DeCastelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, S. C. Controllo Alimenti e Igiene delle Produzioni, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per la rilevazione negli alimenti di sostanze e prodotti che provocano allergie o intolleranza , Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Manila Bianchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, S. C. Controllo Alimenti e Igiene delle Produzioni, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per la rilevazione negli alimenti di sostanze e prodotti che provocano allergie o intolleranza , Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, S.S. Osservatorio epidemiologico , Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Maria Chiesa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
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Campuzano S, Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel V, Serafín V, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Cutting-Edge Advances in Electrochemical Affinity Biosensing at Different Molecular Level of Emerging Food Allergens and Adulterants. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E10. [PMID: 32041251 PMCID: PMC7168206 DOI: 10.3390/bios10020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presence of allergens and adulterants in food, which represents a real threat to sensitized people and a loss of consumer confidence, is one of the main current problems facing society. The detection of allergens and adulterants in food, mainly at the genetic level (characteristic fragments of genes that encode their expression) or at functional level (protein biomarkers) is a complex task due to the natural interference of the matrix and the low concentration at which they are present. Methods for the analysis of allergens are mainly divided into immunological and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based assays. In recent years, electrochemical affinity biosensors, including immunosensors and biosensors based on synthetic sequences of DNA or ribonucleic acid (RNA), linear, aptameric, peptide or switch-based probes, are gaining special importance in this field because they have proved to be competitive with the methods commonly used in terms of simplicity, test time and applicability in different environments. These unique features make them highly promising analytical tools for routine determination of allergens and food adulterations at the point of care. This review article discusses the most significant trends and developments in electrochemical affinity biosensing in this field over the past two years as well as the challenges and future prospects for this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.R.-V.M.); (V.S.); (P.Y.-S.)
| | | | | | | | - José Manuel Pingarrón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (V.R.-V.M.); (V.S.); (P.Y.-S.)
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Kwon J, Lee YM, Wen H. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about dining out with food allergies: A cross-sectional survey of restaurant customers in the United States. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Garino C, Zagon J, Braeuning A. Insects in food and feed - allergenicity risk assessment and analytical detection. EFSA J 2019; 17:e170907. [PMID: 32626465 PMCID: PMC7015479 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.e170907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects and insect‐based food products have entered in the European market, carrying along issues of safety and the need of establishing a new legal framework. The consumption of massively reared insects can pose chemical and microbiological risks, and insect proteins are likely to represent a hazard for a subpopulation of allergic individuals. All insect‐based products are considered ‘Novel Food’ and fall under EU regulation 2015/2283, according to which a specific application to the European Commission, followed by EFSA scientific evaluation, is needed before the product is put on the market. The recent EU Regulation 2017/893, entered into force on 1 July 2017, allowed a shortlist of seven insect species to be included in the formulation of feeds for aquaculture. Previously, the addition of any insect to any feed for farmed animals was not allowed, due to the risk of prion‐derived diseases. The introduction of this new Regulation raises the issue to switch from a classical detection method based on microscopy to a more sophisticated and species‐specific method. The overall aims of this EU‐FORA project were (i) to set up a new next generation sequencing (NGS)‐based molecular method for the identification of insect DNA in feeds for aquaculture; and (ii) to carry out a conceptual work on a probabilistic quantitative risk assessment focused on the allergenicity of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) employed in foods.
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18
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Elegbede CF, Papadopoulos A, Just J, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Deschildre A, Crépet A. Gender, prick test size and rAra h 2 sIgE level may predict the eliciting dose in patients with peanut allergy: Evidence from the Mirabel survey. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:677-689. [PMID: 30689235 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy management is based on active avoidance and access to emergency treatment including self-injectable adrenaline. Knowing the dose at which a patient is likely to react is crucial for risk assessment and could significantly improve management by integrating a personalized approach. OBJECTIVE To develop a threshold dose distribution curve model from routinely collected data. METHODS The MIRABEL survey is an observational study of 785 patients with peanut allergy/sensitization conducted in France, Belgium and Luxemburg. The current analysis included the 238 participants for whom medical and oral food challenge data were available. Several statistical models (Kaplan-Meier, Cox model, Weibull and Lognormal with predictive factors, basic Weibull and Lognormal) were compared to select the best model and predictive factor combination associated with the threshold doses. Inferences were made with a Bayesian approach. RESULTS Patients were mainly children (mean age: 9 years [IQR: 6-11]; 87% < 16 years) and males (62%). Median Ara h2 s IgE was of 8kUA/L [IQR: 1-55] and median skin prick test size of 10 mm [IQR: 7-13]. OFC was positive in 204 patients (86%). The median threshold dose was of 67 mg of peanut protein [IQR: 16-244]. The dose at which 1% of the patients are likely to react with objective symptoms was 0.26 [0.03; 2.24] mg of peanut protein. Gender, size of the skin prick test (SPT) and Ara h 2 specific IgE level had a significant impact on the threshold dose distribution curve. The Cox model was the most effective to predict threshold doses with this combination of factors. Girls react to lower doses than boys with a beta coefficient associated to the risk and a 95% credible interval of 0.44 [0.04; 0.77]. The higher the size of the SPT and the Ara h 2 specific IgE level are, the higher the risk of reacting to a small amount of peanut, with beta coefficients associated to the risk and 95% credible intervals of 0.05 [0.02; 0.08] and 0.01 [0.01; 0.02], respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE According to the model, routinely collected data could be used to estimate the threshold dose. The consequences could be the identification of high-risk patients who are susceptible to react to small amounts of peanut and a personalized management of peanut allergy integrating the risk of allergic reaction. Limitations of this study are that assessors of OFC outcome were aware of SPT and Arah2 results, and a further validation study is required to confirm the predictive value of these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chabi Fabrice Elegbede
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department (DER), Methology and Studies Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France.,French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences (AgroParisTech), UMR Economie Publique INRA-AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Alexandra Papadopoulos
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department (DER), Methology and Studies Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jocelyne Just
- Asthma and Allergy Center, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe EPAR, Paris, France
| | - Denise Anne Moneret-Vautrin
- Allergy Department, Centre Hospitalier E Durckheim, Epinal, France.,Allergyvigilance Network, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.,Lorraine University, Nancy, France
| | - Antoine Deschildre
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Department, CHU Lille, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Crépet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department (DER), Methology and Studies Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
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19
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Rodríguez del Río P, Escudero C, Sánchez-García S, Ibáñez MD, Vickery BP. Evaluating primary end points in peanut immunotherapy clinical trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:494-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Ladics GS. Assessment of the potential allergenicity of genetically-engineered food crops. J Immunotoxicol 2018; 16:43-53. [PMID: 30409058 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2018.1533904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive safety assessment process exists for genetically-engineered (GE) crops. The assessment includes an evaluation of the introduced protein as well as the crop containing the protein with the goal of demonstrating the GE crop is "as-safe-as" non-GE crops in the food supply. One of the evaluations for GE crops is to assess the expressed protein for allergenic potential. Currently, no single factor is recognized as a predictor for protein allergenicity. Therefore, a weight-of-the-evidence approach, which accounts for a variety of factors and approaches for an overall assessment of allergenic potential, is conducted. This assessment includes an evaluation of the history of exposure and safety of the gene(s) source; protein structure (e.g. amino acid sequence identity to human allergens); stability of the protein to pepsin digestion in vitro; heat stability of the protein; glycosylation status; and when appropriate, specific IgE binding studies with sera from relevant clinically allergic subjects. Since GE crops were first commercialized over 20 years ago, there is no proof that the introduced novel protein(s) in any commercialized GE food crop has caused food allergy.
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21
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Tong WS, Yuen AW, Wai CY, Leung NY, Chu KH, Leung PS. Diagnosis of fish and shellfish allergies. J Asthma Allergy 2018; 11:247-260. [PMID: 30323632 PMCID: PMC6181092 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s142476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Seafood allergy is a hypersensitive disorder with increasing prevalence worldwide. Effective and accurate diagnostic workup for seafood allergy is essential for clinicians and patients. Parvalbumin and tropomyosin are the most common fish and shellfish allergens, respectively. The diagnosis of seafood allergies is complicated by cross-reactivity among fish allergens and between shellfish allergens and other arthropods. Current clinical diagnosis of seafood allergy is a complex algorithm that includes clinical assessment, skin prick test, specific IgE measurement, and oral food challenges. Emerging diagnostic strategies, such as component-resolved diagnosis (CRD), which uses single allergenic components for assessment of epitope specific IgE, can provide critical information in predicting individualized sensitization patterns and risk of severe allergic reactions. Further understanding of the molecular identities and characteristics of seafood allergens can advance the development of CRD and lead to more precise diagnosis and improved clinical management of seafood allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Sze Tong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Agatha Wt Yuen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Christine Yy Wai
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China,
| | - Nicki Yh Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China,
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Patrick Sc Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA,
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22
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Fernandes TJ, Costa J, Oliveira MBP, Mafra I. Exploiting 16S rRNA gene for the detection and quantification of fish as a potential allergenic food: A comparison of two real-time PCR approaches. Food Chem 2018; 245:1034-1041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Egan M, Greenhawt M. Common questions in food allergy avoidance. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 120:263-271. [PMID: 29508713 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Egan
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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24
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Sayers RL, Gethings LA, Lee V, Balasundaram A, Johnson PE, Marsh JA, Wallace A, Brown H, Rogers A, Langridge JI, Mills ENC. Microfluidic Separation Coupled to Mass Spectrometry for Quantification of Peanut Allergens in a Complex Food Matrix. J Proteome Res 2017; 17:647-655. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L. Sayers
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. M1 7DN
| | - Lee A. Gethings
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, U.K. SK9 4AX
| | - Victoria Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. M1 7DN
| | - Anuradha Balasundaram
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. M1 7DN
| | - Philip E. Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. M1 7DN
| | - Justin A. Marsh
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. M1 7DN
| | - Antonietta Wallace
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, U.K. SK9 4AX
| | - Helen Brown
- Campden BRI (Chipping Campden) Ltd, Chipping Campden, U.K. GL55 6LD
| | - Adrian Rogers
- Romer Labs U.K., The Heath Business and Technical Park, Runcorn, Cheshire, U.K. WA7 4QX
| | - James I. Langridge
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, U.K. SK9 4AX
| | - E. N. Clare Mills
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. M1 7DN
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25
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Stephen JN, Sharp MF, Ruethers T, Taki A, Campbell DE, Lopata AL. Allergenicity of bony and cartilaginous fish - molecular and immunological properties. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:300-312. [PMID: 28117510 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Allergy to bony fish is common and probably increasing world-wide. The major heat-stable pan-fish allergen, parvalbumin (PV), has been identified and characterized for numerous fish species. In contrast, there are very few reports of allergic reactions to cartilaginous fish despite widespread consumption. The molecular basis for this seemingly low clinical cross-reactivity between these two fish groups has not been elucidated. PV consists of two distinct protein lineages, α and β. The α-lineage of this protein is predominant in muscle tissue of cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), while β-PV is abundant in muscle tissue of bony fish (Osteichthyes). The low incidence of allergic reactions to ingested rays and sharks is likely due to the lack of molecular similarity, resulting in reduced immunological cross-reactivity between the two PV lineages. Structurally and physiologically, both protein lineages are very similar; however, the amino acid homology is very low with 47-54%. Furthermore, PV from ancient fish species such as the coelacanth demonstrates 62% sequence homology to leopard shark α-PV and 70% to carp β-PV. This indicates the extent of conservation of the PV isoforms lineages across millennia. This review highlights prevalence data on fish allergy and sensitization to fish, and details the molecular diversity of the two protein lineages of the major fish allergen PV among different fish groups, emphasizing the immunological and clinical differences in allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Stephen
- Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - M F Sharp
- Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - T Ruethers
- Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - A Taki
- Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - D E Campbell
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A L Lopata
- Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
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26
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Alves RC, Barroso MF, González-García MB, Oliveira MBPP, Delerue-Matos C. New Trends in Food Allergens Detection: Toward Biosensing Strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:2304-19. [PMID: 25779935 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.831026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Food allergens are a real threat to sensitized individuals. Although food labeling is crucial to provide information to consumers with food allergies, accidental exposure to allergenic proteins may result from undeclared allergenic substances by means of food adulteration, fraud or uncontrolled cross-contamination. Allergens detection in foodstuffs can be a very hard task, due to their presence usually in trace amounts, together with the natural interference of the matrix. Methods for allergens analysis can be mainly divided in two large groups: the immunological assays and the DNA-based ones. Mass spectrometry has also been used as a confirmatory tool. Recently, biosensors appeared as innovative, sensitive, selective, environmentally friendly, cheaper and fast techniques (especially when automated and/or miniaturized), able to effectively replace the classical methodologies. In this review, we present the advances in the field of food allergens detection toward the biosensing strategies and discuss the challenges and future perspectives of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Alves
- a REQUIMTE, LAQV/Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b REQUIMTE, LAQV/Departamento de Ciências Químicas , Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - M Fátima Barroso
- a REQUIMTE, LAQV/Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b REQUIMTE, LAQV/Departamento de Ciências Químicas , Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | | | - M Beatriz P P Oliveira
- b REQUIMTE, LAQV/Departamento de Ciências Químicas , Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- a REQUIMTE, LAQV/Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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27
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Maina E, Pelst M, Hesta M, Cox E. Food-specific sublingual immunotherapy is well tolerated and safe in healthy dogs: a blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:25. [PMID: 28100257 PMCID: PMC5241990 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergies are increasing in prevalence but no treatment strategies are currently available to cure dogs with food allergy. Over the past decade, experimental food allergen-specific sublingual immunotherapy (FA-SLIT) has emerged as a potential treatment for food allergies in human medicine. However, FA-SLIT has not been investigated in dogs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the safety, tolerability and dispenser sterility of FA-SLIT in healthy dogs before testing it in food allergic dogs. Eight experimental healthy beagle dogs, never orally exposed to peanut, were randomized in two groups to receive SLIT with peanut or placebo for 4 months. Subjects were monitored daily for local and systemic adverse effects. Blood samples for complete blood count and serum biochemistry, and urine for urinalysis were collected and the dogs' body weight was recorded at day 0, 35 and 119 of the SLIT treatment. Sera for the determination of peanut-specific IgG and IgE were collected at day 0, 35, 49, 70, 91, 105 and 119. Intradermal tests were performed before (day 0) and after (day 119) the experiment. The content of each dispenser used to administer treatment or placebo was tested for sterility after usage. In order to assess the presence or absence of sensitization, dogs were challenged 6 months after the end of the study with 2000 μg of peanut extract daily for 7 to 14 days. RESULTS All dogs completed the study. The treatment did not provoke either local or systemic side-effects. Peanut-specific IgG significantly increased in treatment group. Even though a significant increase in peanut-specific IgE was also seen, intradermal tests were negative in all dogs before and after the experiment, and the challenge test did not trigger any adverse reactions in the treated dogs, which shows the protocol did not cause sensitization to peanut, but nevertheless primed the immune system as indicated by the humoral immune response. All dispenser solutions were sterile. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the used peanut-SLIT protocol is well tolerated and safe in healthy dogs. Further studies should evaluate tolerability, safety and efficacy in dogs with food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Maina
- Laboratory of Immunology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M. Pelst
- Laboratory of Immunology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M. Hesta
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition, Genetics, Breeding and Ethology., Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E. Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
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28
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Ketnawa S, Liceaga AM. Effect of Microwave Treatments on Antioxidant Activity and Antigenicity of Fish Frame Protein Hydrolysates. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-016-1841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Croote D, Quake SR. Food allergen detection by mass spectrometry: the role of systems biology. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2016; 2:16022. [PMID: 28725476 PMCID: PMC5516885 DOI: 10.1038/npjsba.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy prevalence is rising worldwide, motivating the development of assays that can sensitively and reliably detect trace amounts of allergens in manufactured food. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a promising alternative to commonly employed antibody-based assays owing to its ability to quantify multiple proteins in complex matrices with high sensitivity. In this review, we discuss a targeted MS workflow for the quantitation of allergenic protein in food products that employs selected reaction monitoring (SRM). We highlight the aspects of SRM method development unique to allergen quantitation and identify opportunities for simplifying the process. One promising avenue identified through a comprehensive survey of published MS literature is the use of proteotypic peptides, which are peptides whose presence appears robust to variations in food matrix, sample preparation protocol, and MS instrumentation. We conclude that proteotypic peptides exist for a subset of allergenic milk, egg, and peanut proteins. For less studied allergens such as soy, wheat, fish, shellfish, and tree nuts, we offer guidance and tools for peptide selection and specificity verification as part of an interactive web database, the Allergen Peptide Browser (http://www.AllergenPeptideBrowser.org). With ongoing improvements in MS instrumentation, analysis software, and strategies for targeted quantitation, we expect an increasing role of MS as an analytical tool for ensuring regulatory compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Croote
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Ashley J, Piekarska M, Segers C, Trinh L, Rodgers T, Willey R, Tothill IE. An SPR based sensor for allergens detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 88:109-113. [PMID: 27503408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and label-free optical sensor method was developed for allergens analysis using α-casein as the biomarker for cow's milk detection, to be used directly in final rinse samples of cleaning in place systems (CIP) of food manufacturers. A Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor chip consisting of four sensing arrays enabling the measurement of samples and control binding events simultaneously on the sensor surface was employed in this work. SPR offers several advantages in terms of label free detection, real time measurements and superior sensitivity when compared to ELISA based techniques. The gold sensor chip was used to immobilise α-casein-polyclonal antibody using EDC/NHS coupling procedure. The performance of the assay and the sensor was first optimised and characterised in pure buffer conditions giving a detection limit of 58ngmL-1 as a direct binding assay. The assay sensitivity can be further improved by using sandwich assay format and amplified with nanoparticles. However, at this stage this is not required as the detection limit achieved exceeded the required allergens detection levels of 2µgmL-1 for α-S1-casein. The sensor demonstrated good selectivity towards the α-casein as the target analyte and adequate recoveries from CIP final rinse wash samples. The sensor would be useful tool for monitoring allergen levels after cleaning procedures, providing additional data that may better inform upon wider food allergen risk management decision(s) that are made by food manufacturer. In particular, this sensor could potentially help validate or optimise cleaning practices for a given food manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ashley
- Cranfield University, Advanced Diagnostics and Sensors Group, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK
| | - M Piekarska
- Cranfield University, Advanced Diagnostics and Sensors Group, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK
| | - C Segers
- Cranfield University, Advanced Diagnostics and Sensors Group, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK
| | - L Trinh
- University of Manchester, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - T Rodgers
- University of Manchester, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - R Willey
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Unilever plc, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ UK
| | - I E Tothill
- Cranfield University, Advanced Diagnostics and Sensors Group, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL UK.
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Gould J, Callis CM, Dolan DG, Stanard B, Weideman PA. Special endpoint and product specific considerations in pharmaceutical acceptable daily exposure derivation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 79 Suppl 1:S79-93. [PMID: 27233924 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a guideline has been published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) on setting safe limits, permitted daily exposures (PDE) [also called acceptable daily exposures (ADE)], for medicines manufactured in multi-product facilities. The ADE provides a safe exposure limit for inadvertent exposure of a drug due to cross-contamination in manufacturing. The ADE determination encompasses a standard risk assessment, requiring an understanding of the toxicological and pharmacological effects, the mechanism of action, drug compound class, and the dose-response as well as the pharmacokinetic properties of the compound. While the ADE concept has broad application in pharmaceutical safety there are also nuances and specific challenges associated with some toxicological endpoints or drug product categories. In this manuscript we discuss considerations for setting ADEs when the following specific adverse health endpoints may constitute the critical effect: genotoxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART), and immune system modulation (immunostimulation or immunosuppression), and for specific drug classes, including antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), emerging medicinal therapeutic compounds, and compounds with limited datasets. These are challenging toxicological scenarios that require a careful evaluation of all of the available information in order to establish a health-based safe level.
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Bennett L, Lee A. Extractable low mass proteins <30kDa from peanut display elevated antigenicity (IgG-binding) and allergenicity (IgE-binding) in vitro and are attenuated by thermal reactivity with non-peanut food ingredients. Food Chem 2016; 194:811-9. [PMID: 26471622 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human allergic reactions to peanut proteins and the associated risk of life-threatening anaphylaxis requires vigilant management of peanuts in food processing. Processed forms of peanuts with attenuated antigenicity and less severe immunogenic responses may lower the risk. Molecular subfractions of raw (UP), blanched (BP) and roasted (RP) peanuts were prepared including water-insoluble (P1), water-soluble high mass (>30kDa, P2) and water-soluble low mass (<30kDa, P3) fractions. Products were screened by measuring binding to IgG (polyclonal antibody against peanut allergen) and IgE (sera from peanut-allergic donors, RAST>3). The results showed that IgE titres were highest for total extracts of RP, particularly for P3 fractions of UP and RP, and were affected by further heating. Antigenicity was also modulated by heating in the presence of either peanut oil or non-peanut food ingredients (lactose, coconut oil). Results support several alternative methods for regulating peanut antigenicity using food processing approaches but require further substantiation in larger numbers of allergic and control donor sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Bennett
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
| | - Alvin Lee
- Illinois Institute of Technology, 3300 South Federal Street, Chicago, IL 60616-3793, USA
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Sayers RL, Johnson PE, Marsh JT, Barran P, Brown H, Mills ENC. The effect of thermal processing on the behaviour of peanut allergen peptide targets used in multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry experiments. Analyst 2016; 141:4130-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Identification of processing-stable targets provides important validation when developing targeted mass spectrometry methods for quantifying peanut allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Sayers
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- The University of Manchester
- UK
| | - P. E. Johnson
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- The University of Manchester
- UK
| | - J. T. Marsh
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- The University of Manchester
- UK
| | - P. Barran
- School of Chemistry
- Michael Barber Centre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- The University of Manchester
- UK
| | - H. Brown
- Campden BRI (Chipping Campden) Limited - part of the Campden BRI group
- Gloucestershire
- UK
| | - E. N. C. Mills
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- The University of Manchester
- UK
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Peanut traces in packaged food products consumed by allergic individuals: Results of the MIRABEL project. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lieberman JA. How much is too much . . . And in what setting? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:967. [PMID: 26620590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Lieberman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, LeBonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tenn.
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Martín-Fernández B, Manzanares-Palenzuela CL, Sánchez-Paniagua López M, de-los-Santos-Álvarez N, López-Ruiz B. Electrochemical genosensors in food safety assessment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2758-2774. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1067597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Martín-Fernández
- Sección Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Sánchez-Paniagua López
- Sección Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz López-Ruiz
- Sección Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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de la Cruz S, Cubillos-Zapata C, López-Calleja IM, Ghosh S, Alcocer M, González I, Martín R, García T. Isolation of recombinant antibody fragments (scFv) by phage display technology for detection of almond allergens in food products. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Remington BC, Baumert JL, Blom WM, Houben GF, Taylor SL, Kruizinga AG. Unintended allergens in precautionary labelled and unlabelled products pose significant risks to UK allergic consumers. Allergy 2015; 70:813-9. [PMID: 25846479 DOI: 10.1111/all.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergens in food may pose a risk to allergic consumers. While there is EU regulation for allergens present as an ingredient, this is not the case for unintended allergen presence (UAP). Food companies use precautionary allergen labels to inform allergic individuals of a potential risk from UAPs. This study investigates the risk of an allergic reaction within the milk-, wheat-, hazelnut- and peanut-allergic populations when ingesting UK foods across multiple product categories with and without precautionary allergen labelling. METHODS Allergen risk assessment using probabilistic techniques enables the estimation of the residual risk after the consumption of a product that unintentionally contains an allergen. RESULTS Within this selection of UK products, the majority that tested positive for an allergen contained a concentration of allergen predicted to cause a reaction in >1% of the allergic population. The concentrations of allergens measured were greater than the VITAL(®) 2.0 action levels and would trigger precautionary allergen labelling. This was found for products both with and without precautionary allergen labelling. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the need for the food industry and regulators to adopt a transparent, risk-based approach for the communication of the risk associated with potential cross-contact that could occur in the processing facility or production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. L. Baumert
- Food Allergy Research & Resource Program (FARRP); University of Nebraska; Lincoln NE USA
| | | | | | - S. L. Taylor
- Food Allergy Research & Resource Program (FARRP); University of Nebraska; Lincoln NE USA
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A retrospective analysis of allergic reaction severities and minimal eliciting doses for peanut, milk, egg, and soy oral food challenges. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 80:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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de Jongh HHJ, de los Reyes Jimenez M, Baumert JL, Taylor SL, Koppelman SJ. Electrophoretic Behavior in Relation to the Structural Integrity of Codfish Parvalbumin upon Heat Treatment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4683-4689. [PMID: 25880570 DOI: 10.1021/jf505990h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluates the impact of heat processing of parvalbumin, a major fish allergen, on the consequences for quantitative analysis of this protein embedded in different matrices during heating (either isolated, in an aqueous extract, or in whole fillets) to assess potential health risks. It is shown that oligomerization of parvalbumin does occur, but only upon heat treatment above 80 °C. This coincides with the ability of the isolated protein to refold up to this temperature in a fully reversible way, as demonstrated by circular dichroism analysis. In autoclaved samples a disintegration of the protein structure is observed. The situation becomes different when parvalbumin is embedded in a matrix with other constituents, as in fish extracts or whole fillets. The electrophoretic analysis of parvalbumin (SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting) is largely determined by complexation with other proteins resulting in insoluble materials caused by the partial unfolding of the parvalbumin at elevated temperatures. This effect is more strongly observed for cod fish extract, compared to whole cod fillets, as in the latter situation the integrity of the tissue hampers this interprotein complexation. Moreover, it is shown by ELISA analysis of heat-treated samples that using blotting procedures where disintegration of complexes may be promoted, restoring some of the IgG-binding propensity, may provide false outcomes. It was concluded that antibody binding to parvalbumin is dominated by the potential to form heat-induced complexes with other proteins. The possibly less-soluble or extractable character of these complexes may provide confusing information regarding potential health risks of fish and fish protein-containing food composites when such heat-treated samples are analyzed by immunochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph L Baumert
- §Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, United States
| | - Steve L Taylor
- §Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, United States
| | - Stef J Koppelman
- §Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, United States
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Fernández-Rivas M, Barreales L, Mackie AR, Fritsche P, Vázquez-Cortés S, Jedrzejczak-Czechowicz M, Kowalski ML, Clausen M, Gislason D, Sinaniotis A, Kompoti E, Le TM, Knulst AC, Purohit A, de Blay F, Kralimarkova T, Popov T, Asero R, Belohlavkova S, Seneviratne SL, Dubakiene R, Lidholm J, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Burney P, Crevel R, Brill M, Fernández-Pérez C, Vieths S, Clare Mills EN, van Ree R, Ballmer-Weber BK. The EuroPrevall outpatient clinic study on food allergy: background and methodology. Allergy 2015; 70:576-84. [PMID: 25640688 DOI: 10.1111/all.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EuroPrevall project aimed to develop effective management strategies in food allergy through a suite of interconnected studies and a multidisciplinary integrated approach. To address some of the gaps in food allergy diagnosis, allergen risk management and socio-economic impact and to complement the EuroPrevall population-based surveys, a cross-sectional study in 12 outpatient clinics across Europe was conducted. We describe the study protocol. METHODS Patients referred for immediate food adverse reactions underwent a consistent and standardized allergy work-up that comprised collection of medical history; assessment of sensitization to 24 foods, 14 inhalant allergens and 55 allergenic molecules; and confirmation of clinical reactivity and food thresholds by standardized double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFCs) to milk, egg, fish, shrimp, peanut, hazelnut, celeriac, apple and peach. RESULTS A standardized methodology for a comprehensive evaluation of food allergy was developed and implemented in 12 outpatient clinics across Europe. A total of 2121 patients (22.6% <14 years) reporting 8257 reactions to foods were studied, and 516 DBPCFCs were performed. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest multicentre European case series in food allergy, in which subjects underwent a comprehensive, uniform and standardized evaluation including DBPCFC, by a methodology which is made available for further studies in food allergy. The analysis of this population will provide information on the different phenotypes of food allergy across Europe, will allow to validate novel in vitro diagnostic tests, to establish threshold values for major allergenic foods and to analyse the socio-economic impact of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Barreales
- Clinical Epidemilogy Unit; Preventive Medicine Department; Hospital Clínico San Carlos; IdISSC; Madrid Spain
| | - A. R. Mackie
- Institute of Food Research; Norwich Research Park; Colney Norwich UK
| | - P. Fritsche
- Allergy Unit; Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - S. Vázquez-Cortés
- Allergy Department; Hospital Clínico San Carlos; IdISSC; Madrid Spain
| | | | - M. L. Kowalski
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy; Medical University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
| | - M. Clausen
- Department of Allergy, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep; Landspitali University Hospital; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - D. Gislason
- Department of Allergy, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep; Landspitali University Hospital; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - A. Sinaniotis
- Allergy Department; Laiko General Hospital; Athens Greece
| | - E. Kompoti
- Allergy Department; Laiko General Hospital; Athens Greece
| | - T.-M. Le
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - A. C. Knulst
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - A. Purohit
- Division of Asthma and Allergy; Department of Chest Diseases; University Hospital; Strasbourg France
| | - F. de Blay
- Division of Asthma and Allergy; Department of Chest Diseases; University Hospital; Strasbourg France
| | - T. Kralimarkova
- Clinical Centre of Allergology and Asthma; Medical University Sofia; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - T. Popov
- Clinical Centre of Allergology and Asthma; Medical University Sofia; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - R. Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia; Clinica San Carlo; Paderno Dugnano Milano Italy
| | - S. Belohlavkova
- Department of Pediatrics; Faculty Hospital Bulovka; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - S. L. Seneviratne
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy; Central Manchester and Manchester Children's University Hospitals NHS Trust; Manchester UK
| | - R. Dubakiene
- Allergy Centre; Vilnius University; Vilnius Lithuania
| | - J. Lidholm
- Thermo Fisher Scientific; Uppsala Sweden
| | - K. Hoffmann-Sommergruber
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - P. Burney
- Department of Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - R. Crevel
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre; Colworth Science Park; Sharnbrook Bedfordshire UK
| | - M. Brill
- Thermo Fisher Scientific; Uppsala Sweden
- VBC Genomics Biosciences Research GmbH; Vienna Austria
| | - C. Fernández-Pérez
- Clinical Epidemilogy Unit; Preventive Medicine Department; Hospital Clínico San Carlos; IdISSC; Madrid Spain
| | - S. Vieths
- Division of Allergologie; Paul Ehrlich Institute; Langen Germany
| | - E. N. Clare Mills
- Institute of Food Research; Norwich Research Park; Colney Norwich UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - R. van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - B. K. Ballmer-Weber
- Allergy Unit; Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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Ballmer-Weber BK, Fernandez-Rivas M, Beyer K, Defernez M, Sperrin M, Mackie AR, Salt LJ, Hourihane JO, Asero R, Belohlavkova S, Kowalski M, de Blay F, Papadopoulos NG, Clausen M, Knulst AC, Roberts G, Popov T, Sprikkelman AB, Dubakiene R, Vieths S, van Ree R, Crevel R, Mills EC. How much is too much? Threshold dose distributions for 5 food allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:964-971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Franceschini F, Bottau P, Caimmi S, Crisafulli G, Lucia L, Peroni D, Saretta F, Vernich M, Povesi Dascola C, Caffarelli C. Vaccination in children with allergy to non active vaccine components. Clin Transl Med 2015; 4:3. [PMID: 25852819 PMCID: PMC4384976 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-014-0043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood immunisation is one of the greatest public health successes of the last century. Vaccines contain an active component (the antigen) which induces the immune response. They may also contain additional components such as preservatives, additives, adjuvants and traces of other substances. This review provides information about risks of hypersensitivity reactions to components of vaccines. Furthermore, recommendations to avoid or reduce reactions to vaccine components have been detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Caimmi
- />Pediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Crisafulli
- />Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Liotti Lucia
- />Pediatric Unit, Civic Hospital, Senigallia, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- />Clinica Pediatrica Unit, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlotta Povesi Dascola
- />Clinica Pediatrica Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Caffarelli
- />Clinica Pediatrica Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43123 Parma, Italy
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Multiplex comparison of the digestibility of allergenic and non-allergenic proteins in rice grains by in vitro digestion. Food Chem 2015; 168:606-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Oral immunotherapy in cow's milk allergic patients: course and long-term outcome according to asthma status. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015; 114:240-244.e1. [PMID: 25595888 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with asthma and food allergy comprise a high-risk group for life-threatening reactions at accidental exposure. OBJECTIVE To examine the course and long-term outcome of patients with asthma completing milk oral immunotherapy. METHODS Children at least 6 years old with (n = 101) and without (n = 93) asthma and IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy, undergoing milk oral immunotherapy from April 2010 to December 2011, were compared. Milk dose escalations were performed until patients reached full (>7.2 g of milk protein) or partial desensitization. Skin prick tests in all patients and spirometry in those with asthma were performed. Patients who completed treatment were followed for longer than 6 months. RESULTS Before immunotherapy, patients with asthma, regardless of severity, had more anaphylactic reactions (84.2% vs 64.5%, P = .003), emergency department visits (68.3% vs 51.6%, P = .02), and hospital admissions (32.7% vs 18.3%, P = .03) compared with patients without asthma. Patients with asthma, regardless of severity, had more reactions and injectable epinephrine use during induction (P = .004) and home treatments (P = .007) of immunotherapy. Moderate to severe asthma was associated with a lower likelihood of reaching full desensitization (51.5% vs 68.8%, P = .019), but most patients with asthma (87 of 101, 86.1%), regardless of severity, reached a dose likely to protect them against accidental exposure. Most patients with asthma continued to consume milk protein freely after completion of immunotherapy. Although adverse reactions were still observed, severe reactions appeared to subside with time. CONCLUSION Patients with asthma are at risk for more severe reactions and are less likely to reach full desensitization during food oral immunotherapy. However, most reach limited daily consumption and most who achieve full desensitization continue to consume milk protein freely after treatment.
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Turnbull JL, Adams HN, Gorard DA. Review article: the diagnosis and management of food allergy and food intolerances. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 41:3-25. [PMID: 25316115 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse reactions to food include immune mediated food allergies and non-immune mediated food intolerances. Food allergies and intolerances are often confused by health professionals, patients and the public. AIM To critically review the data relating to diagnosis and management of food allergy and food intolerance in adults and children. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database were searched up until May 2014, using search terms related to food allergy and intolerance. RESULTS An estimated one-fifth of the population believe that they have adverse reactions to food. Estimates of true IgE-mediated food allergy vary, but in some countries it may be as prevalent as 4-7% of preschool children. The most common food allergens are cow's milk, egg, peanut, tree nuts, soy, shellfish and finned fish. Reactions vary from urticaria to anaphylaxis and death. Tolerance for many foods including milk and egg develops with age, but is far less likely with peanut allergy. Estimates of IgE-mediated food allergy in adults are closer to 1-2%. Non-IgE-mediated food allergies such as Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome are rarer and predominantly recognised in childhood. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders including eosinophilic oesophagitis are mixed IgE- and non-IgE-mediated food allergic conditions, and are improved by dietary exclusions. By contrast food intolerances are nonspecific, and the resultant symptoms resemble other common medically unexplained complaints, often overlapping with symptoms found in functional disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. Improved dietary treatments for the irritable bowel syndrome have recently been described. CONCLUSIONS Food allergies are more common in children, can be life-threatening and are distinct from food intolerances. Food intolerances may pose little risk but since functional disorders are so prevalent, greater efforts to understand adverse effects of foods in functional disorders are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Turnbull
- Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
Most children with a history of penicillin allergy are labeled allergic and denied treatment with penicillin and sometimes other beta-lactam antibiotics. Most of these children never were or are no longer allergic to penicillin. Penicillin skin testing and oral challenge can identify patients who are not currently allergic, allowing them to be treated with penicillin. Children with egg allergy are often denied influenza vaccination, because the vaccine contains a small amount of egg protein. However, recent studies have demonstrated that children with even severe egg allergy can safely receive the vaccine, reducing their risk of the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Kelso
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, 3811 Valley Centre Drive, San Diego, CA 92130, USA.
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48
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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49
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Ladics GS, Budziszewski GJ, Herman RA, Herouet-Guicheney C, Joshi S, Lipscomb EA, McClain S, Ward JM. Measurement of endogenous allergens in genetically modified soybeans--short communication. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 70:75-9. [PMID: 24945742 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of endogenous allergens is required by the European Commission (EC) as part of the compositional analysis for GM products from host plants that are common causes of food allergy, such as soybean (EC Implementing Regulation No. 503/2013). In each case, the EC Implementing Regulation indicates that analysis be conducted on identified allergens as specified in the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) consensus documents on compositional considerations for new plant varieties. This communication discusses the methods available to measure endogenous allergens as well as the endogenous soybean allergens that should be analyzed. It is suggested herein that in conjunction with the 2012 OECD consensus document on soybean, any list of soybean allergens should be based on clinically relevant data among publicly available allergen databases and peer-reviewed scientific publications, and the ability to measure the identified allergen. Based on a detailed analysis of the scientific literature, the following key points are recommended: (1) the acceptance of serum-free, quantitative analytical method data as an alternative to traditional IgE reactivity qualitative or semi-quantitative data for evaluation of endogenous soybean allergen content; (2) eight of the 15 potential allergens listed in the OECD soybean consensus document (Gly m 3, Gly m 4, Gly m Bd28K, Gly m Bd30K, Gly m 5, Gly m 6, Gly m 8, and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor) have both appropriate supporting clinical data and sufficient sequence information to be evaluated in comparative endogenous soybean allergen studies; and (3) the remaining seven proteins (Gly m 1, Gly m 2, unknown 50kDa protein, unknown 39kDa protein, P-22-25, lipoxygenase and lectin) lack sufficient data for clear classification as confirmed allergens and/or available sequence information and should not be currently included in the measurement of endogenous soybean allergens in the compositional analysis for the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Ladics
- DuPont Pioneer Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont Experimental Station, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE 19803-0400, USA.
| | | | - Rod A Herman
- Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46077, USA
| | | | - Saurabh Joshi
- Monsanto Company, Product Characterization Center, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63167, USA
| | | | - Scott McClain
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 3054 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jason M Ward
- Monsanto Company, Product Characterization Center, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63167, USA
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50
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Du S, Lin H, Sui J, Wang X, Cao L. Nano-gold capillary immunochromatographic assay for parvalbumin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6637-46. [PMID: 25168115 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel non-instrumental bioanalysis based on colloidal-gold immunochromatography in a modified glass capillary was developed and named capillary immunochromatographic assay (CICA). In this report, glass capillary was proposed as a support in immunochromatographic assay because of its excellent characteristics. Goat anti-rabbit IgG and parvalbumin (PV) were immobilized on the inner wall of the glass capillary as control zone and test zone, respectively. The CICA was constructed, and main variables for the performance were optimized. Using an important allergen of fish products (parvalbumin, PV) as the target, the analytical efficiency of the developed technique was investigated and the visual detection limit (VDL) and semi-quantitative limit of detection (LOD) were estimated to be 70 ng mL(-1) and 40 ng mL(-1), respectively. The coefficient of variation (CV) for the intra-assay and inter-assay was calculated for the PV concentration of 50 ng mL(-1), and the entire operation, including sample preparation, was consistently performed in 30 min. The developed technique was implemented and validated with different foodstuffs, including Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus), surimi products, and livestock, confirming sufficient accuracy and precision of results and verifying the method to be efficacious. These results enabled us to propose CICA as a new and promising technique for simple, rapid, and on-site screening of PV in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Du
- Food Safety Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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