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Gao Y, Wang Y, Lei H, Xu Z, Li S, Yu H, Xie J, Zhang Z, Liu G, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Wang JZ. A novel transgenic mouse line with hippocampus-dominant and inducible expression of truncated human tau. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:51. [PMID: 37950283 PMCID: PMC10637005 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau is a defining hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, mouse models imitating AD-exclusive neuronal tau pathologies are lacking. METHODS We generated a new tet-on transgenic mouse model expressing truncated human tau N1-368 (termed hTau368), a tau fragment increased in the brains of AD patients and aged mouse brains. Doxycycline (dox) was administered in drinking water to induce hTau368 expression. Immunostaining and Western blotting were performed to measure the tau level. RNA sequencing was performed to evaluate gene expression, and several behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate mouse cognitive functions, emotion and locomotion. RESULTS Dox treatment for 1-2 months at a young age induced overt and reversible human tau accumulation in the brains of hTau368 transgenic mice, predominantly in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, the transgenic mice exhibited AD-like high level of tau phosphorylation, glial activation, loss of mature neurons, impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic degeneration and cognitive deficits. CONCLUSIONS This study developed a well-characterized and easy-to-use tool for the investigations and drug development for AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huiyang Lei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhendong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiazhao Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gongping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, Department of Endocrine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China.
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2
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Sharma H, Chang KA, Hulme J, An SSA. Mammalian Models in Alzheimer's Research: An Update. Cells 2023; 12:2459. [PMID: 37887303 PMCID: PMC10605533 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A form of dementia distinct from healthy cognitive aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multi-stage disease that currently afflicts over 50 million people worldwide. Unfortunately, previous therapeutic strategies developed from murine models emulating different aspects of AD pathogenesis were limited. Consequently, researchers are now developing models that express several aspects of pathogenesis that better reflect the clinical situation in humans. As such, this review seeks to provide insight regarding current applications of mammalian models in AD research by addressing recent developments and characterizations of prominent transgenic models and their contributions to pathogenesis as well as discuss the advantages, limitations, and application of emerging models that better capture genetic heterogeneity and mixed pathologies observed in the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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3
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Jabeur R, Corbel C, Loyer P, Le Parc A, Le Grand A, Comte A, Bach S, André-Leroux G, Sire O, Ben Mansour H, Le Tilly V. Identification of Novel Compounds Inhibiting the Kinase Activity of the CDK5/p25 Complex via Direct Binding to p25. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1452-1463. [PMID: 37074084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen, the gold standard drug for endocrine therapy for breast cancer, modulates the phosphorylation status of the TAU protein in Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting CDK5 kinase activity. Its binding to p25 prevents CDK5/p25 complexation and hence a decrease of CDK5 activity. In breast tumors, this complex is involved in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, as well as in the disease's prognosis. Still, the molecular stability of the CDK5/p25 complex following tamoxifen exposure in this cancer type has not yet been clearly deciphered. Here, we report the functional characterization of CDK5 and its p25 regulatory subunit in the absence and presence of tamoxifen. In addition, two novel inhibitors of the kinase activity of the CDK5/p25 complex are identified, both of which would reduce the risk of recurrence of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers and prevent drawbacks induced by tamoxifen exposure. Accordingly, 6His-CDK5 and 6His-p25 have been expressed and purified. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements have been used to assess that the two proteins do form an active complex, and thermodynamic parameters of their interaction were measured. It was also confirmed that tamoxifen directly binds to p25 and inhibits CDK5 kinase activity. Similar observations were obtained using 4-hydroxytamoxifen, an active metabolized form of tamoxifen. Two novel compounds have been identified here that harbor a benzofuran moiety and were shown to target directly p25, and their bindings resulted in decreased CDK5 kinase activity. This encouraging alternative opens the way to the ensuing chemical optimization of this scaffold. It also promises a more specific therapeutic approach that may both tackle the pathological signaling in breast cancer and provide a potential new drug for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riheb Jabeur
- IRDL UMR CNRS 6027, Université Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied on the Environment─APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mahdia, University of Monastir, TN5121 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Caroline Corbel
- IRDL UMR CNRS 6027, Université Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Arnaud Comte
- Compound Library, ICBMS UMR 5246 CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphane Bach
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, Plateforme de criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening facility), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Olivier Sire
- IRDL UMR CNRS 6027, Université Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied on the Environment─APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mahdia, University of Monastir, TN5121 Monastir, Tunisia
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4
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Lark ARS, Silva LK, Nass SR, Marone MG, Ohene-Nyako M, Ihrig TM, Marks WD, Yarotskyy V, Rory McQuiston A, Knapp PE, Hauser KF. Progressive Degeneration and Adaptive Excitability in Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor-Expressing Striatal Neurons Exposed to HIV-1 Tat and Morphine. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1105-1127. [PMID: 35695980 PMCID: PMC9976699 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The striatum is especially vulnerable to HIV-1 infection, with medium spiny neurons (MSNs) exhibiting marked synaptodendritic damage that can be exacerbated by opioid use disorder. Despite known structural defects in MSNs co-exposed to HIV-1 Tat and opioids, the pathophysiological sequelae of sustained HIV-1 exposure and acute comorbid effects of opioids on dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-expressing (D1 and D2) MSNs are unknown. To address this question, Drd1-tdTomato- or Drd2-eGFP-expressing reporter and conditional HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice were interbred. MSNs in ex vivo slices from male mice were assessed by whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology and filled with biocytin to explore the functional and structural effects of progressive Tat and acute morphine exposure. Although the excitability of both D1 and D2 MSNs increased following 48 h of Tat exposure, D1 MSN firing rates decreased below control (Tat-) levels following 2 weeks and 1 month of Tat exposure but returned to control levels after 2 months. D2 neurons continued to display Tat-dependent increases in excitability at 2 weeks, but also returned to control levels following 1 and 2 months of Tat induction. Acute morphine exposure increased D1 MSN excitability irrespective of the duration of Tat exposure, while D2 MSNs were variably affected. That D1 and D2 MSN excitability would return to control levels was unexpected since both subpopulations displayed significant synaptodendritic degeneration and pathologic phospho-tau-Thr205 accumulation following 2 months of Tat induction. Thus, despite frank morphologic damage, D1 and D2 MSNs uniquely adapt to sustained Tat and acute morphine insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna R S Lark
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building, Room 4040, 1220 East Broad Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Lindsay K Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building, Room 4040, 1220 East Broad Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
- PPD®, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Richmond, VA, 23230-3323, USA
| | - Sara R Nass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building, Room 4040, 1220 East Broad Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Michael G Marone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building, Room 4040, 1220 East Broad Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Michael Ohene-Nyako
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building, Room 4040, 1220 East Broad Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Therese M Ihrig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building, Room 4040, 1220 East Broad Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - William D Marks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building, Room 4040, 1220 East Broad Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Viktor Yarotskyy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building, Room 4040, 1220 East Broad Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - A Rory McQuiston
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Pamela E Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building, Room 4040, 1220 East Broad Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building, Room 4040, 1220 East Broad Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA.
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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5
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Abstract
Cdk5 is a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase that governs a variety of cellular processes in neurons, the dysregulation of which compromises normal brain function. The mechanisms underlying the modulation of Cdk5, its modes of action, and its effects on the nervous system have been a great focus in the field for nearly three decades. In this review, we provide an overview of the discovery and regulation of Cdk5, highlighting recent findings revealing its role in neuronal/synaptic functions, circadian clocks, DNA damage, cell cycle reentry, mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as its non-neuronal functions under physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, we discuss evidence underscoring aberrant Cdk5 activity as a common theme observed in many neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chieh Pao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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6
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Barros CS, Bossing T. Microtubule disruption upon CNS damage triggers mitotic entry via TNF signaling activation. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109325. [PMID: 34233183 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair after traumatic injury often starts with mitotic activation around the lesion edges. Early midline cells in the Drosophila embryonic CNS can enter into division following the traumatic disruption of microtubules. We demonstrate that microtubule disruption activates non-canonical TNF signaling by phosphorylation of TGF-β activated kinase 1 (Tak1) and its target IkappaB kinase (Ik2), culminating in Dorsal/NfkappaB nuclear translocation and Jra/Jun expression. Tak1 and Ik2 are necessary for the damaged-induced divisions. Microtubule disruption caused by Tau accumulation is also reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Human Tau expression in Drosophila midline cells is sufficient to induce Tak1 phosphorylation, Dorsal and Jra/Jun expression, and entry into mitosis. Interestingly, activation of Tak1 and Tank binding kinase 1 (Tbk1), the human Ik2 ortholog, and NfkappaB upregulation are observed in AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Barros
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, 16 Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Torsten Bossing
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, 16 Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK.
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7
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Huang Y, Huang W, Huang Y, Song P, Zhang M, Zhang HT, Pan S, Hu Y. Cdk5 Inhibitory Peptide Prevents Loss of Neurons and Alleviates Behavioral Changes in p25 Transgenic Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:1231-1242. [PMID: 32144987 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of p25 is thought to be a causative risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a cleaved product of p35, p25 binds to cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and leads to the hyperactivity of Cdk5. Then, Cdk5/p25 phosphorylates many pathological substrates related to neurodegenerative diseases. p25 transgenic (Tg) mouse model recaptures some pathological changes of AD, including tau hyperphosphorylation, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death, which can be prevented by transgenic expression of Cdk5 inhibitory peptide (CIP) before the insult of p25. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we would like to know whether adeno-associated virus serotype-9 (AAV9)-mediated CIP can protect neurons after insult of p25 in p25Tg mice. METHODS Administration of AAV9-CIP or control virus were delivered in the brain of p25Tg mice via intracerebroventricular infusions following the induction of p25. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assessment, and animal behavioral evaluation were performed. RESULTS Brain atrophy, neuronal death, tau phosphorylation and inflammation in the hippocampus, and cognitive decline were observed in p25Tg mice. Administration of CIP but not the control virus in p25Tg mice reduced levels of tau phosphorylation and inflammation in the hippocampus, which is correlated with inhibition of brain atrophy and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus, and improvement of cognitive decline. CONCLUSION Our results provide further evidence that the neurotoxicity of p25 can be alleviated by CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yingwei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Song
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Melanie Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, Physiology & Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, The Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yafang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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8
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Hwang J, Namgung U. Phosphorylation of STAT3 by axonal Cdk5 promotes axonal regeneration by modulating mitochondrial activity. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113511. [PMID: 33098871 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is involved in neural organization and synaptic functions in developing and adult brains, yet its role in axonal regeneration is not known well. Here, we characterize Cdk5 function for axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Levels of Cdk5 and p25 were elevated in sciatic nerve axons after injury. Cdk5 activity was concomitantly induced from injured nerve and increased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) on the serine 727 residue. Pharmacological and genetic blockades of Cdk5 activity phosphorylating STAT3 resulted in the inhibition of axonal regeneration as evidenced by reduction of retrograde labeling of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons and spinal motor neurons and also of neurite outgrowth of preconditioned DRG neurons in culture. Cdk5 and STAT3 were found in mitochondrial membranes of the injured sciatic nerve. Cdk5-GFP, which was translocated into the mitochondria by the mitochondrial target sequence (MTS), induced STAT3 phosphorylation in transfected DRG neurons and was sufficient to induce neurite outgrowth. In the mitochondria, Cdk5 activity was positively correlated with increased mitochondrial membrane potential as measured by fluorescence intensity of JC-1 aggregates. Our data suggest that Cdk5 may play a role in modulating mitochondrial activity through STAT3 phosphorylation, thereby promoting axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyeon Hwang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Bioscience and Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, Daehak-ro 62, Daejeon 34520, South Korea
| | - Uk Namgung
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Bioscience and Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, Daehak-ro 62, Daejeon 34520, South Korea.
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9
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Bk B, Skuntz S, Prochazkova M, Kesavapany S, Amin ND, Shukla V, Grant P, Kulkarni AB, Pant HC. Overexpression of the Cdk5 inhibitory peptide in motor neurons rescue of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype in a mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3175-3187. [PMID: 31189016 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Etiological mechanisms underlying the disease remain poorly understood; recent studies suggest that deregulation of p25/Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) activity leads to the hyperphosphorylation of Tau and neurofilament (NF) proteins in ALS transgenic mouse model (SOD1G37R). A Cdk5 involvement in motor neuron degeneration is supported by analysis of three SOD1G37R mouse lines exhibiting perikaryal inclusions of NF proteins and hyperphosphorylation of Tau. Here, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of Cdk5/p25 hyperactivation in vivo is a neuroprotective factor during ALS pathogenesis by crossing the new transgenic mouse line that overexpresses Cdk5 inhibitory peptide (CIP) in motor neurons with the SOD1G37R, ALS mouse model (TriTg mouse line). The overexpression of CIP in the motor neurons significantly improves motor deficits, extends survival and delays pathology in brain and spinal cord of TriTg mice. In addition, overexpression of CIP in motor neurons significantly delays neuroinflammatory responses in TriTg mouse. Taken together, these data suggest that CIP may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binukumar Bk
- Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Susan Skuntz
- Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michaela Prochazkova
- Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sashi Kesavapany
- National Institute of Health Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Niranjana D Amin
- Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Varsha Shukla
- Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip Grant
- Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashok B Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harish C Pant
- Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Le ST, Morris MA, Cardone A, Guros NB, Klauda JB, Sperling BA, Richter CA, Pant HC, Balijepalli A. Rapid, quantitative therapeutic screening for Alzheimer's enzymes enabled by optimal signal transduction with transistors. Analyst 2020; 145:2925-2936. [PMID: 32159165 PMCID: PMC7443690 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01804b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show that commercially sourced n-channel silicon field-effect transistors (nFETs) operating above their threshold voltage with closed loop feedback to maintain a constant channel current allow a pH readout resolution of (7.2 ± 0.3) × 10-3 at a bandwidth of 10 Hz, or ≈3-fold better than the open loop operation commonly employed by integrated ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs). We leveraged the improved nFET performance to measure the change in solution pH arising from the activity of a pathological form of the kinase Cdk5, an enzyme implicated in Alzheimer's disease, and showed quantitative agreement with previous measurements. The improved pH resolution was realized while the devices were operated in a remote sensing configuration with the pH sensing element off-chip and connected electrically to the FET gate terminal. We compared these results with those measured by using a custom-built dual-gate 2D field-effect transistor (dg2DFET) fabricated with 2D semi-conducting MoS2 channels and a signal amplification of 8. Under identical solution conditions the nFET performance approached the dg2DFETs pH resolution of (3.9 ± 0.7) × 10-3. Finally, using the nFETs, we demonstrated the effectiveness of a custom polypeptide, p5, as a therapeutic agent in restoring the function of Cdk5. We expect that the straight-forward modifications to commercially sourced nFETs demonstrated here will lower the barrier to widespread adoption of these remote-gate devices and enable sensitive bioanalytical measurements for high throughput screening in drug discovery and precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son T. Le
- Alternative Computing Group, Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Michelle A. Morris
- Biophysics Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Antonio Cardone
- Information Systems Group, Software and Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nicholas B. Guros
- Biophysics Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jeffery B. Klauda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Brent A. Sperling
- Chemical Process and Nuclear Measurements Group, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Curt A. Richter
- Alternative Computing Group, Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Harish C. Pant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arvind Balijepalli
- Biophysics Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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11
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Alam J, Sharma L. Potential Enzymatic Targets in Alzheimer's: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:316-339. [PMID: 30124150 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180820104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's, a degenerative cause of the brain cells, is called as a progressive neurodegenerative disease and appears to have a heterogeneous etiology with main emphasis on amyloid-cascade and hyperphosphorylated tau-cascade hypotheses, that are directly linked with macromolecules called enzymes such as β- & γ-secretases, colinesterases, transglutaminases, and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3), cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk-5), microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK). The catalytic activity of the above enzymes is the result of cognitive deficits, memory impairment and synaptic dysfunction and loss, and ultimately neuronal death. However, some other enzymes also lead to these dysfunctional events when reduced to their normal activities and levels in the brain, such as α- secretase, protein kinase C, phosphatases etc; metabolized to neurotransmitters, enzymes like monoamine oxidase (MAO), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) etc. or these abnormalities can occur when enzymes act by other mechanisms such as phosphodiesterase reduces brain nucleotides (cGMP and cAMP) levels, phospholipase A2: PLA2 is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production etc. On therapeutic fronts, several significant clinical trials are underway by targeting different enzymes for development of new therapeutics to treat Alzheimer's, such as inhibitors for β-secretase, GSK-3, MAO, phosphodiesterase, PLA2, cholinesterases etc, modulators of α- & γ-secretase activities and activators for protein kinase C, sirtuins etc. The last decades have perceived an increasing focus on findings and search for new putative and novel enzymatic targets for Alzheimer's. Here, we review the functions, pathological roles, and worth of almost all the Alzheimer's associated enzymes that address to therapeutic strategies and preventive approaches for treatment of Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Alam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., Pin 173229, India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., Pin 173229, India
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12
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Xu M, Huang Y, Song P, Huang Y, Huang W, Zhang HT, Hu Y. AAV9-Mediated Cdk5 Inhibitory Peptide Reduces Hyperphosphorylated Tau and Inflammation and Ameliorates Behavioral Changes Caused by Overexpression of p25 in the Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 70:573-585. [PMID: 31256130 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaojing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yingwei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Song
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yaowei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, the First People’s Hospital of Shunde, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Yafang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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13
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Ganeshpurkar A, Swetha R, Kumar D, Gangaram GP, Singh R, Gutti G, Jana S, Kumar D, Kumar A, Singh SK. Protein-Protein Interactions and Aggregation Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:501-533. [PMID: 30836921 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190304153353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a multifaceted disorder, involves complex pathophysiology and plethora of protein-protein interactions. Thus such interactions can be exploited to develop anti-AD drugs. OBJECTIVE The interaction of dynamin-related protein 1, cellular prion protein, phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A and Mint 2 with amyloid β, etc., studied recently, may have critical role in progression of the disease. Our objective has been to review such studies and their implications in design and development of drugs against the Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Such studies have been reviewed and critically assessed. RESULTS Review has led to show how such studies are useful to develop anti-AD drugs. CONCLUSION There are several PPIs which are current topics of research including Drp1, Aβ interactions with various targets including PrPC, Fyn kinase, NMDAR and mGluR5 and interaction of Mint2 with PDZ domain, etc., and thus have potential role in neurodegeneration and AD. Finally, the multi-targeted approach in AD may be fruitful and opens a new vista for identification and targeting of PPIs in various cellular pathways to find a cure for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rayala Swetha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gore P Gangaram
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ravi Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Srabanti Jana
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
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14
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Cao LL, Guan PP, Liang YY, Huang XS, Wang P. Calcium Ions Stimulate the Hyperphosphorylation of Tau by Activating Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase 1. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:108. [PMID: 31143112 PMCID: PMC6521221 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is reportedly associated with the accumulation of calcium ions (Ca2+), and this accumulation is responsible for the phosphorylation of tau. Although several lines of evidence demonstrate the above phenomenon, the inherent mechanisms remain unknown. Using APP/PS1 Tg mice and neuroblastoma (N)2a cells as in vivo and in vitro experimental models, we observed that Ca2+ stimulated the phosphorylation of tau by activating microsomal PGE synthase 1 (mPGES1) in a prostaglandin (PG) E2-dependent EP receptor-activating manner. Specifically, the highly accumulated Ca2+ stimulated the expression of mPGES1 and the synthesis of PGE2. Treatment with the inhibitor of Ca2+ transporter, NMDAR, attenuated the expression of mPGES1 and the production of PGE2 were attenuated in S(+)-ketamine-treated APP/PS1 Tg mice. Elevated levels of PGE2 were responsible for the hyperphosphorylation of tau in an EP-1-, EP-2-, and EP-3-dependent but not EP4-dependent cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 5-activating manner. Reciprocally, the knockdown of the expression of mPGES1 ameliorated the expected cognitive decline by inhibiting the phosphorylation of tau in APP/PS1 Tg mice. Moreover, CDK5 was found to be located downstream of EP1-3 to regulate the phosphorylation of tau though the cleavage of p35 to p25. Finally, the phosphorylation of tau by Ca2+ contributed to the cognitive decline of APP/PS1 Tg mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Long Cao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Yue Liang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Shi Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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15
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Zeb A, Son M, Yoon S, Kim JH, Park SJ, Lee KW. Computational Simulations Identified Two Candidate Inhibitors of Cdk5/p25 to Abrogate Tau-associated Neurological Disorders. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:579-590. [PMID: 31073393 PMCID: PMC6495220 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of Cdk5 is a hallmark in neurodegenerative diseases and its complex with p25 forms Cdk5/p25, thereby causes severe neuropathological insults. Cdk5/p25 abnormally phosphorylates tau protein, and induces tau-associated neurofibrillary tangles in neurological disorders. Therefore, the pharmacological inhibition of Cdk5/p25 alleviates tau-associated neurological disorders. Herein, computational simulations probed two candidate inhibitors of Cdk5/p25. Structure-based pharmacophore investigated the essential complementary chemical features of ATP-binding site of Cdk5 in complex with roscovitine. Resultant pharmacophore harbored polar interactions with Cys83 and Asp86 residues and non-polar interactions with Ile10, Phe80, and Lys133 residues of Cdk5. The chemical space of selected pharmacophore was comprised of two hydrogen bond donors, one hydrogen bond acceptor, and three hydrophobic features. Decoy test validation of pharmacophore obtained highest Guner-Henry score (0.88) and enrichment factor score (7.23). The screening of natural product drug-like databases by validated pharmacophore retrieved 1126 compounds as candidate inhibitors of Cdk5/p25. The docking of candidate inhibitors filtered 10 molecules with docking score >80.00 and established polar and non-polar interactions with the ATP-binding site residues of Cdk5/p25. Finally, molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy analyses identified two candidate inhibitors of Cdk5/p25. During 30 ns simulation, the candidate inhibitors established <3.0 Å root mean square deviation and stable hydrogen bond interactions with the ATP-binding site residues of Cdk5/p25. The final candidate inhibitors obtained lowest binding free energies of -122.18 kJ/mol and - 117.26 kJ/mol with Cdk5/p25. Overall, we recommend two natural product candidate inhibitors to target the pharmacological inhibition of Cdk5/p25 in tau-associated neurological disorders.
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Key Words
- 2D, Two-dimentional
- 3D, Three-dimentional
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ADMET, Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity
- ASP, Astex statistical potential
- Aβ, Amyloid beta
- BBB, Blood-brain barrier
- CGMC, Cyclin-dependent kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, glycogen synthase kinases, and Cdk-like kinases
- Cdk5, Cyclin-dependent kinase 5
- Cdk5/p25 inhibitors
- Cdks, Cyclin-dependent kinases
- DS, Discovery Studio
- EF, Enrichment factor
- GA, Genetic algorithm
- GFA, Genetic Function Approximation
- GH, Guner-Henry
- GOLD, Genetic optimization of ligand docking
- GROMACS, Groningen Machine for Chemical Simulation
- H-bond, Hydrogen bond
- HBA, Hydrogen bond acceptor
- HBD, Hydrogen bond donor
- HD, Hungtington's disease
- HYP, Hydrophobic
- IBS, InterBioScreen
- K, kelvin
- MD, Molecular dynamics
- MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- Molecular docking
- Molecular dynamics simulation
- NPT, Number particle, pressure, and temperature
- NVT, Number of particles, volume, and temperature
- P5, A 24-residues mimetic peptide of p35
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PDB, Protein databank
- PLP, Piecewise linear potential
- PME, Particle mesh ewald
- RMSD, Root mean square deviation
- ROF, Rule of five
- Structure-based pharmacophore modeling
- TAT, Twin-arginine targeting
- TIP3P, Transferable intermolecular potential with 3 points
- Tau-pathogenesis
- ZNPD, Zinc Natural Product Database
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zeb
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus), Research Institute of Natural Sciences (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Minky Son
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus), Research Institute of Natural Sciences (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Yoon
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus), Research Institute of Natural Sciences (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Plus), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Geyongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ju Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus), Research Institute of Natural Sciences (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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16
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Herzer S, Hagan C, von Gerichten J, Dieterle V, Munteanu B, Sandhoff R, Hopf C, Nordström V. Deletion of Specific Sphingolipids in Distinct Neurons Improves Spatial Memory in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:206. [PMID: 29973867 PMCID: PMC6019486 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and a concomitant loss of synapses and cognitive abilities. Recently, we have proposed that an alteration of neuronal membrane lipid microdomains increases neuronal resistance toward amyloid-β stress in cultured neurons and protects from neurodegeneration in a mouse model of AD. Lipid microdomains are highly enriched in a specific subclass of glycosphingolipids, termed gangliosides. The enzyme glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of these gangliosides. The present work now demonstrates that genetic GCS deletion in subsets of adult forebrain neurons significantly improves the spatial memory and counteracts the loss of dendritic spines in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of 5x familial AD mice (5xFAD//Ugcgf/f//Thy1-CreERT2//EYFP mice), when compared to 5xFAD//Ugcgf/f littermates (5xFAD mice). Aberrantly activated glial cells and their expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines have emerged as the major culprits for synaptic loss in AD. Typically, astrocytic activation is accompanied by a thickening of astrocytic processes, which impairs astrocytic support for neuronal synapses. In contrast to 5xFAD mice, 5xFAD//Ugcgf/f//Thy1-CreERT2//EYFP display a less pronounced thickening of astrocytic processes and a lower expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1-α in the hippocampus. Thus, this work further emphasizes that GCS inhibition may constitute a potential therapeutic target against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Herzer
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cassidy Hagan
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Johanna von Gerichten
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Dieterle
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bogdan Munteanu
- Center for Mass Spectrometry (CeMOS), University of Heidelberg and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry (CeMOS), University of Heidelberg and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Viola Nordström
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Mazi AR, Arzuman AS, Gurel B, Sahin B, Tuzuner MB, Ozansoy M, Baykal AT. Neonatal Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2018; 2:79-91. [PMID: 30480251 PMCID: PMC6159732 DOI: 10.3233/adr-170049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive disorder characterized by a variety of molecular pathologies causing cortical dementia with a prominent memory deficit. Formation of the pathology, which begins decades before the diagnosis of the disease, is highly correlated with the clinical symptoms. Several proteomics studies were performed using animal models to monitor the alterations of the brain tissue proteome at different stages of AD. However, proteome changes in the brain regions of newborn transgenic mouse model have not been investigated yet. To this end, we analyzed protein expression alterations in cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of transgenic mice carrying five familial AD mutations (5XFAD) at neonatal day-1. Our results indicate a remarkable difference in protein expression profile of newborn 5XFAD brain with region specific variations. Additionally, the proteins, which show similar expression alteration pattern in postmortem human AD brains, were determined. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the molecular alterations were mostly related to the cell morphology, cellular assembly and organization, and neuroinflammation. Moreover, morphological analysis revealed that there is an increase in neurite number of 5XFAD mouse neurons in vitro. We suggest that, molecular alterations in the AD brain exist even at birth, and perhaps the disease is silenced until older ages when the brain becomes vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aise Rumeysa Mazi
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, REMER, Istanbul, Turkey.,Institute of Health Science, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Sumeyye Arzuman
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, REMER, Istanbul, Turkey.,Institute of Health Science, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Gurel
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, REMER, Istanbul, Turkey.,Institute of Health Science, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Sahin
- Acibadem Labmed R&D Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Ozansoy
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, REMER, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Acibadem Labmed R&D Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Shoeibi A, Olfati N, Litvan I. Preclinical, phase I, and phase II investigational clinical trials for treatment of progressive supranuclear palsy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:349-361. [PMID: 29602288 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1460356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our understanding of the pathological basis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), as the most common atypical parkinsonian syndrome, has greatly increased in recent years and a number of disease-modifying therapies are under evaluation as a result of these advances. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss disease-modifying therapeutic options which are currently under evaluation or have been evaluated in preclinical or clinical trials based on their targeted pathophysiologic process. The pathophysiologic mechanisms are broadly divided into three main categories: genetic mechanisms, abnormal post-translational modifications of tau protein, and transcellular tau spread. EXPERT OPINION Once the best therapeutic approaches are identified, it is likely that some combination of interventions will need to be evaluated, but this will take time. It is critical to treat patients at early stages, and development of the Movement Disorder Society PSP diagnostic criteria is an important step in this direction. In addition, development of biological biomarkers such as tau PET and further refinement of tau ligands may help both diagnose early and measure disease progression. In the meantime, a comprehensive, personalized interdisciplinary approach to this disease is absolutely necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shoeibi
- a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Nahid Olfati
- a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Irene Litvan
- b UC San Diego Department of Neurosciences , Parkinson and Other Movement Disorder Center , La Jolla , CA , USA
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19
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Hu Y, Pan S, Zhang HT. Interaction of Cdk5 and cAMP/PKA Signaling in the Mediation of Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 17:45-61. [PMID: 28956329 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Both cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) regulate fundamental central nervous system (CNS) functions including neuronal survival, neurite and axonal outgrowth, neuron development and cognition. Cdk5, a serine/threonine kinase, is activated by p35 or p39 and phosphorylates multiple signaling components of various pathways, including cAMP/PKA signaling. Here, we review the recent literature on the interaction between Cdk5 and cAMP/PKA signaling and their role in the mediation of CNS functions and neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271016, China
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20
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Transient enhancement of proliferation of neural progenitors and impairment of their long-term survival in p25 transgenic mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39148-39161. [PMID: 27283769 PMCID: PMC5129921 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulates important neuronal functions via p35. p35 undergoes cleavage in response to neuronal activity and neurotoxic conditions to release its subunit p25. Although p25 has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, the mechanisms by which p25 mediates neurodegenerative impairment have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to determine the role of p25-mediated neurodegeneration on neurogenesis in an inducible transgenic mouse line overexpressing p25 (p25 TG) in the forebrain. Adult neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) were labeled with BrdU in vivo, which were significantly increased in numbers in the subventricular zone, the hippocampus, and the cortex of p25 TG mice. Consistently, more mitotic cells were observed in p25 TG mice than in controls, even in the cortex and the CA1, which are not neurogenic regions. BrdU-positive cells were negative for GFAP or γ-H2AX, suggesting that they are not astrocytes or dying cells. Neurospheres derived from the dentate gyrus and the cortex were significantly increased in p25 TG mice and can be differentiated into astrocytes and neurons. However, p25 TG decreased the long-term survival of proliferating NPCs and severely impaired adult neurogenesis. A Transwell co-culture system was used to assess the influence of p25-expressing primary neurons on adult NPCs. Co-culture with p25-expressing neurons downregulated Ki67 expression and upregulated cleaved caspase-3, indicating that the paracrine signaling in cell-cell communication is essential for NPC survival and proliferation. Moreover, increased CDK5 activity impairs Wnt activation. This study demonstrates that hyperactivation of p25 may temporarily enhance NPC proliferation, but impair their long-term survival.
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21
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He Y, Pan S, Xu M, He R, Huang W, Song P, Huang J, Zhang H, Hu Y. Adeno‐associated virus 9–mediated Cdk5 inhibitory peptide reverses pathologic changes and behavioral deficits in the Alzheimer's disease mouse model. FASEB J 2017; 31:3383-3392. [PMID: 28420695 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700064r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of NeurologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou China
- Department of NeurologyFirst People's Hospital of Chenzhou Chenzhou China
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of NeurologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Miaojing Xu
- Department of NeurologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Rongni He
- Department of NeurologyZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of NeurologyZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Pingping Song
- Department of NeurologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jianou Huang
- Department of Neurology421 Hospital Guangzhou China
| | - Han‐Ting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and PsychiatryWest Virginia University Health Sciences Center Morgantown West Virginia USA
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyWest Virginia University Health Sciences Center Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Yafang Hu
- Department of NeurologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou China
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Inhibition of p25/Cdk5 Attenuates Tauopathy in Mouse and iPSC Models of Frontotemporal Dementia. J Neurosci 2017; 37:9917-9924. [PMID: 28912154 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0621-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased p25, a proteolytic fragment of the regulatory subunit p35, is known to induce aberrant activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), which is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Previously, we showed that replacing endogenous p35 with the noncleavable mutant p35 (Δp35) attenuated amyloidosis and improved cognitive function in a familial Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Here, to address the role of p25/Cdk5 in tauopathy, we generated double-transgenic mice by crossing mice overexpressing mutant human tau (P301S) with Δp35KI mice. We observed significant reduction of phosphorylated tau and its seeding activity in the brain of double transgenic mice compared with the P301S mice. Furthermore, synaptic loss and impaired LTP at hippocampal CA3 region of P301S mice were attenuated by blocking p25 generation. To further validate the role of p25/Cdk5 in tauopathy, we used frontotemporal dementia patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying the Tau P301L mutation and generated P301L:Δp35KI isogenic iPSC lines using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. We created cerebral organoids from the isogenic iPSCs and found that blockade of p25 generation reduced levels of phosphorylated tau and increased expression of synaptophysin. Together, these data demonstrate a crucial role for p25/Cdk5 in mediating tau-associated pathology and suggest that inhibition of this kinase can remedy neurodegenerative processes in the presence of pathogenic tau mutation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Accumulation of p25 results in aberrant Cdk5 activation and induction of numerous pathological phenotypes, such as neuroinflammation, synaptic loss, Aβ accumulation, and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, it was not clear whether p25/Cdk5 activity is necessary for the progression of these pathological changes. We recently developed the Δp35KI transgenic mouse that is deficient in p25 generation and Cdk5 hyperactivation. In this study, we used this mouse model to elucidate the role of p25/Cdk5 in FTD mutant tau-mediated pathology. We also used a frontotemporal dementia patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell carrying the Tau P301L mutation and generated isogenic lines in which p35 is replaced with noncleavable mutant Δp35. Our data suggest that p25/Cdk5 plays an important role in tauopathy in both mouse and human model systems.
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Effect of GAPT extract on expression of tau protein and its phosphorylation related enzymes in hippocampal neurons of APPV717I transgenic mice. Chin J Integr Med 2017. [PMID: 28634862 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of GAPT, an extract mixture from Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma Acor tatarinowii, Radix Polygalae and Radix Curcuma (containing ingredient of turmeric), etc. on expression of tau protein and its phosphorylation related enzyme in hippocampal neurons of APPV717I transgenic mice. METHODS Sixty three-month-old APPV717I transgenic mice were randomly divided into model group, donepezil group [0.92 mg/(kg•d)], the low, medium and high dosage of GAPT groups [0.075, 0.15, 0.30 g/(kg•d), 12 in each group], and 12 three-month-old C57BL/6J mice were set as a normal control group, treatments were administered orally once a day respectively, and both the normal group and model group were given 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of total tau protein (Tau-5), cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in hippocampal neurons of experimental mice after 8-month drug administration (11 months old). RESULTS In the model group, the expression of Tau-5 and CDK5 were increased, whereas the expression of PP2A was decreased in hippocampal neurons, which were signifificantly different compared with that in the normal group (all P<0.01). IHC test indicated the number and area of either Tau-5 or CDK5 positive cells were decreased with a dose-depended way in GAPT groups, and an increase of PP2A. Compared with the model group, the changes were signifificant in GAPT groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Similar results were shown by Western blot. CONCLUSION GAPT could attenuate abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in hippocampal neurons of APPV717I transgenic mice via inhibiting the expression of CDK5 and activating the expression of PP2A.
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Gutiérrez-Vargas JA, Moreno H, Cardona-Gómez GP. Targeting CDK5 post-stroke provides long-term neuroprotection and rescues synaptic plasticity. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2208-2223. [PMID: 27486045 PMCID: PMC5464713 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16662476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke cognitive impairment is a major cause of long-term neurological disability. The prevalence of post-stroke cognitive deficits varies between 20% and 80% depending on brain region, country, and diagnostic criteria. The biochemical mechanisms underlying post-stroke cognitive impairment are not known in detail. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is involved in neurodegeneration, and its dysregulation contributes to cognitive disorders and dementia. Here, we administered cyclin-dependent kinase 5-targeting gene therapy to the right hippocampus of ischemic rats after transient right middle cerebral artery occlusion. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 RNA interference prevented the impairment of reversal learning four months after ischemia as well as neuronal loss, tauopathy, and microglial hyperreactivity. Additionally, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 silencing increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus. Furthermore, deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation produced by excitotoxic stimulation were rescued by pharmacological blockade of cyclin-dependent kinase 5. This recovery was blocked by inhibition of the TRKB receptor. In summary, these findings demonstrate the beneficial impact of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 reduction in preventing long-term post-ischemic neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment as well as the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TRKB in the maintenance of normal synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A Gutiérrez-Vargas
- 1 Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, School of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Herman Moreno
- 2 The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Departments of Neurology and Physiology/Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gloria P Cardona-Gómez
- 1 Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, School of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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25
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Shukla V, Seo J, Binukumar B, Amin ND, Reddy P, Grant P, Kuntz S, Kesavapany S, Steiner J, Mishra SK, Tsai LH, Pant HC. TFP5, a Peptide Inhibitor of Aberrant and Hyperactive Cdk5/p25, Attenuates Pathological Phenotypes and Restores Synaptic Function in CK-p25Tg Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 56:335-349. [PMID: 28085018 PMCID: PMC10020940 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5), a critical neuronal kinase, is hyperactivated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be, in part, responsible for the hallmark pathology of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). It has been proposed by several laboratories that hyperactive cdk5 results from the overexpression of p25 (a truncated fragment of p35, the normal cdk5 regulator), which, when complexed to cdk5, induces hyperactivity, hyperphosphorylated tau/NFTs, amyloid-β plaques, and neuronal death. It has previously been shown that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of a modified truncated 24-aa peptide (TFP5), derived from the cdk5 activator p35, penetrated the blood-brain barrier and significantly rescued AD-like pathology in 5XFAD model mice. The principal pathology in the 5XFAD mutant, however, is extensive amyloid plaques; hence, as a proof of concept, we believe it is essential to demonstrate the peptide's efficacy in a mouse model expressing high levels of p25, such as the inducible CK-p25Tg model mouse that overexpresses p25 in CamKII positive neurons. Using a modified TFP5 treatment, here we show that peptide i.p. injections in these mice decrease cdk5 hyperactivity, tau, neurofilament-M/H hyperphosphorylation, and restore synaptic function and behavior (i.e., spatial working memory, motor deficit using Rota-rod). It is noteworthy that TFP5 does not inhibit endogenous cdk5/p35 activity, nor other cdks in vivo suggesting it might have no toxic side effects, and may serve as an excellent therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative disorders expressing abnormally high brain levels of p25 and hyperactive cdk5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Shukla
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B.K. Binukumar
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niranjana D. Amin
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Preethi Reddy
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip Grant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Kuntz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Joseph Steiner
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Santosh K. Mishra
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Harish C. Pant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Correspondence to: Dr. Harish C. Pant, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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26
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Neri-Gómez T, Espinosa-Raya J, Díaz-Cintra S, Segura-Uribe J, Orozco-Suárez S, Gallardo JM, Guerra-Araiza C. Tibolone modulates neuronal plasticity through regulating Tau, GSK3β/Akt/PI3K pathway and CDK5 p35/p25 complexes in the hippocampus of aged male mice. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:588-595. [PMID: 28553339 PMCID: PMC5436357 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.205098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a key risk factor for cognitive decline and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Also, an age-related decrease in sex steroid hormones may have a negative impact on the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs); these hormones can regulate Tau phosphorylation and the principal kinase GSK3β involved in this process. Hormone replacement therapy decreases NFTs, but it increases the risk of some types of cancer. However, other synthetic hormones such as tibolone (TIB) have been used for hormone replacement therapy. The aim of this work was to evaluate the long-term effects of TIB (0.01 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg, intragastrically for 12 weeks) on the content of total and hyperphosphorylated Tau (PHF-1) proteins and the regulation of GSK3β/Akt/PI3K pathway and CDK5/p35/p25 complexes in the hippocampus of aged male mice. We observed that the content of PHF-1 decreased with TIB administration. In contrast, no changes were observed in the active form of GSK3β or PI3K. TIB decreased the expression of the total and phosphorylated form of Akt while increased that of p110 and p85. The content of CDK5 was differentially modified with TIB: it was increased at low doses and decreased at high doses. When we analyzed the content of CDK5 activators, an increase was found on p35; however, the content of p25 decreased with administration of low dose of TIB. Our results suggest a possible mechanism of action of TIB in the hippocampus of aged male mice. Through the regulation of Tau and GSK3β/Akt/PI3K pathway, and CDK5/p35/p25 complexes, TIB may modulate neuronal plasticity and regulate learning and memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Neri-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.,Laboratorio de Farmacología Conductual, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón Col. Sto. Tomás, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Judith Espinosa-Raya
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Conductual, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón Col. Sto. Tomás, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sofía Díaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Julia Segura-Uribe
- Enfermedades Neurológicas (Neurological Diseases), Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Enfermedades Neurológicas (Neurological Diseases), Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Manuel Gallardo
- Enfermedades Nefrológicas (Kidney Diseases), Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Christian Guerra-Araiza
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
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Pramanik S, Sulistio YA, Heese K. Neurotrophin Signaling and Stem Cells-Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Stem Cell Therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7401-7459. [PMID: 27815842 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) are members of a neuronal growth factor protein family whose action is mediated by the tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) receptor family receptors and the p75 NT receptor (p75NTR), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. Although NTs were first discovered in neurons, recent studies have suggested that NTs and their receptors are expressed in various types of stem cells mediating pivotal signaling events in stem cell biology. The concept of stem cell therapy has already attracted much attention as a potential strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Strikingly, NTs, proNTs, and their receptors are gaining interest as key regulators of stem cells differentiation, survival, self-renewal, plasticity, and migration. In this review, we elaborate the recent progress in understanding of NTs and their action on various stem cells. First, we provide current knowledge of NTs, proNTs, and their receptor isoforms and signaling pathways. Subsequently, we describe recent advances in the understanding of NT activities in various stem cells and their role in NDs, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Finally, we compile the implications of NTs and stem cells from a clinical perspective and discuss the challenges with regard to transplantation therapy for treatment of AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanuar Alan Sulistio
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Wilson GN, Smith MA, Inman DM, Dengler-Crish CM, Crish SD. Early Cytoskeletal Protein Modifications Precede Overt Structural Degeneration in the DBA/2J Mouse Model of Glaucoma. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:494. [PMID: 27857681 PMCID: PMC5093131 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal transport deficits precede structural loss in glaucoma and other neurodegenerations. Impairments in structural support, including modified cytoskeletal proteins, and microtubule-destabilizing elements, could be initiating factors in glaucoma pathogenesis. We investigated the time course of changes in protein levels and post-translational modifications in the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma. Using anterograde tract tracing of the retinal projection, we assessed major cytoskeletal and transported elements as a function of transport integrity in different stages of pathological progression. Using capillary-based electrophoresis, single- and multiplex immunosorbent assays, and immunofluorescence, we quantified hyperphosphorylated neurofilament-heavy chain, phosphorylated tau (ptau), calpain-mediated spectrin breakdown product (145/150 kDa), β–tubulin, and amyloid-β42 proteins based on age and transport outcome to the superior colliculus (SC; the main retinal target in mice). Phosphorylated neurofilament-heavy chain (pNF-H) was elevated within the optic nerve (ON) and SC of 8–10 month-old DBA/2J mice, but was not evident in the retina until 12–15 months, suggesting that cytoskeletal modifications first appear in the distal retinal projection. As expected, higher pNF-H levels in the SC and retina were correlated with axonal transport deficits. Elevations in hyperphosphorylated tau (ptau) occurred in ON and SC between 3 and 8 month of age while retinal ptau accumulations occurred at 12–15 months in DBA/2J mice. In vitro co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggested increased affinity of ptau for the retrograde motor complex protein dynactin. We observed a transport-related decrease of β-tubulin in ON of 10–12 month-old DBA/2J mice, suggesting destabilized microtubule array. Elevations in calpain-mediated spectrin breakdown product were seen in ON and SC at the earliest age examined, well before axonal transport loss is evident. Finally, transport-independent elevations of amyloid-β42, unlike pNF-H or ptau, occurred first in the retina of DBA/2J mice, and then progressed to SC. These data demonstrate distal-to-proximal progression of cytoskeletal modifications in the progression of glaucoma, with many of these changes occurring prior to complete loss of functional transport and axon degeneration. The earliest changes, such as elevated spectrin breakdown and amyloid-β levels, may make retinal ganglion cells susceptible to future stressors. As such, targeting modification of the axonal cytoskeleton in glaucoma may provide unique opportunities to slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina N Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstown, OH, USA; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State UniversityKent, OH, USA
| | - Matthew A Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstown, OH, USA; Integrated Pharmaceutical Medicine Program, Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstown, OH, USA
| | - Denise M Inman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown, OH, USA
| | | | - Samuel D Crish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown, OH, USA
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29
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Khanna MR, Kovalevich J, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Brunden KR. Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of tauopathies: Hopes and challenges. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:1051-1065. [PMID: 27751442 PMCID: PMC5116305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A group of neurodegenerative diseases referred to as tauopathies are characterized by the presence of brain cells harboring inclusions of pathological species of the tau protein. These disorders include Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration due to tau pathology, including progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and Pick's disease. Tau is normally a microtubule (MT)-associated protein that appears to play an important role in ensuring proper axonal transport, but in tauopathies tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and disengages from MTs, with consequent misfolding and deposition into inclusions that mainly affect neurons but also glia. A body of experimental evidence suggests that the development of tau inclusions leads to the neurodegeneration observed in tauopathies, and there is a growing interest in developing tau-directed therapeutic agents. The following review provides a summary of strategies under investigation for the potential treatment of tauopathies, highlighting both the promises and challenges associated with these various therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi R Khanna
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jane Kovalevich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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30
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Amin ND, Zheng Y, Bk B, Shukla V, Skuntz S, Grant P, Steiner J, Bhaskar M, Pant HC. The interaction of Munc 18 (p67) with the p10 domain of p35 protects in vivo Cdk5/p35 activity from inhibition by TFP5, a peptide derived from p35. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3221-3232. [PMID: 27630261 PMCID: PMC5170856 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-12-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In a series of studies, we have identified TFP5, a truncated fragment of p35, the Cdk5 kinase regulatory protein, which inhibits Cdk5/p35 and the hyperactive Cdk5/p25 activities in test tube experiments. In cortical neurons, however, and in vivo in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice, the peptide specifically inhibits the Cdk5/p25 complex and not the endogenous Cdk5/p35. To account for the selective inhibition of Cdk5/p25 activity, we propose that the "p10" N-terminal domain of p35, absent in p25, spares Cdk5/p35 because p10 binds to macromolecules (e.g., tubulin and actin) as a membrane-bound multimeric complex that favors p35 binding to Cdk5 and catalysis. To test this hypothesis, we focused on Munc 18, a key synapse-associated neuronal protein, one of many proteins copurifying with Cdk5/p35 in membrane-bound multimeric complexes. Here we show that, in vitro, the addition of p67 protects Cdk5/p35 and has no effect on Cdk5/p25 activity in the presence of TFP5. In cortical neurons transfected with p67siRNA, we also show that TFP5 inhibits Cdk5/p35 activity, whereas in the presence of p67 the activity is protected. It does so without affecting any other kinases of the Cdk family of cyclin kinases. This difference may be of significant therapeutic value because the accumulation of the deregulated, hyperactive Cdk5/p25 complex in human brains has been implicated in pathology of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjana D Amin
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yali Zheng
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Binukumar Bk
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Varsha Shukla
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Susan Skuntz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Philip Grant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joseph Steiner
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Manju Bhaskar
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Harish C Pant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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31
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Clark JA, Yeaman EJ, Blizzard CA, Chuckowree JA, Dickson TC. A Case for Microtubule Vulnerability in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Altered Dynamics During Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:204. [PMID: 27679561 PMCID: PMC5020100 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an aggressive multifactorial disease converging on a common pathology: the degeneration of motor neurons (MNs), their axons and neuromuscular synapses. This vulnerability and dysfunction of MNs highlights the dependency of these large cells on their intracellular machinery. Neuronal microtubules (MTs) are intracellular structures that facilitate a myriad of vital neuronal functions, including activity dependent axonal transport. In ALS, it is becoming increasingly apparent that MTs are likely to be a critical component of this disease. Not only are disruptions in this intracellular machinery present in the vast majority of seemingly sporadic cases, recent research has revealed that mutation to a microtubule protein, the tubulin isoform TUBA4A, is sufficient to cause a familial, albeit rare, form of disease. In both sporadic and familial disease, studies have provided evidence that microtubule mediated deficits in axonal transport are the tipping point for MN survivability. Axonal transport deficits would lead to abnormal mitochondrial recycling, decreased vesicle and mRNA transport and limited signaling of key survival factors from the neurons peripheral synapses, causing the characteristic peripheral "die back". This disruption to microtubule dependant transport in ALS has been shown to result from alterations in the phenomenon of microtubule dynamic instability: the rapid growth and shrinkage of microtubule polymers. This is accomplished primarily due to aberrant alterations to microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) that regulate microtubule stability. Indeed, the current literature would argue that microtubule stability, particularly alterations in their dynamics, may be the initial driving force behind many familial and sporadic insults in ALS. Pharmacological stabilization of the microtubule network offers an attractive therapeutic strategy in ALS; indeed it has shown promise in many neurological disorders, ALS included. However, the pathophysiological involvement of MTs and their functions is still poorly understood in ALS. Future investigations will hopefully uncover further therapeutic targets that may aid in combating this awful disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden A Clark
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Elise J Yeaman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Catherine A Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jyoti A Chuckowree
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Tracey C Dickson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
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32
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Austin SA, Katusic ZS. Loss of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Promotes p25 Generation and Tau Phosphorylation in a Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Circ Res 2016; 119:1128-1134. [PMID: 27601478 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alzheimer's disease has an unknown pathogenesis; however, cardiovascular risk factors are associated with a higher incidence of Alzheimer's disease. A defining feature of endothelial dysfunction induced by cardiovascular risk factors is reduced bioavailable endothelial nitric oxide (NO). We previously demonstrated that endothelial NO acts as an important signaling molecule in neuronal tissue. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the relationship between the loss of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and tau phosphorylation in neuronal tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS We used eNOS knockout (-/-) mice as well as an Alzheimer's disease mouse model, amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PSEN1dE9+/- (PS1) that lacked eNOS (APP/PS1/eNOS-/-) to examine expression of tau kinases and tau phosphorylation. Brain tissue from eNOS-/- mice had statistically higher ratios of p25/p35, indicative of increased cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity as compared with wild-type (n=8, P<0.05). However, tau phosphorylation was unchanged in eNOS-/- mice (P>0.05). Next, we determined the role of NO in tau pathology in APP/PS1/eNOS-/-. These mice had significantly higher levels of p25, a higher p25/p35 ratio (n=12-14; P<0.05), and significantly higher cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity (n=4; P<0.001). Importantly, APP/PS1/eNOS-/- mice also had significantly increased tau phosphorylation (n=4-6; P<0.05). No other changes in amyloid pathology, antioxidant pathways, or neuroinflammation were observed in APP/PS1/eNOS-/- mice as compared with APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that loss of endothelial NO plays an important role in the generation of p25 and resulting tau phosphorylation in neuronal tissue. These findings provide important new insights into the molecular mechanisms linking endothelial dysfunction with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Austin
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Zvonimir S Katusic
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
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Zhou X, Huang J, Pan S, Xu M, He R, Ji Z, Hu Y. Neurodegeneration-Like Pathological and Behavioral Changes in an AAV9-Mediated p25 Overexpression Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:843-55. [PMID: 27258419 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianou Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- 421 Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaojing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongni He
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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34
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Cardone A, Brady M, Sriram R, Pant HC, Hassan SA. Computational study of the inhibitory mechanism of the kinase CDK5 hyperactivity by peptide p5 and derivation of a pharmacophore. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2016; 30:513-21. [PMID: 27387995 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-016-9922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The hyperactivity of the cyclic dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) induced by the activator protein p25 has been linked to a number of pathologies of the brain. The CDK5-p25 complex has thus emerged as a major therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. Experiments have shown that the peptide p5 reduces the CDK5-p25 activity without affecting the endogenous CDK5-p35 activity, whereas the peptide TFP5, obtained from p5, elicits similar inhibition, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and exhibits behavioral rescue of AD mice models with no toxic side effects. The molecular basis of the kinase inhibition is not currently known, and is here investigated by computer simulations. It is shown that p5 binds the kinase at the same CDK5/p25 and CDK5/p35 interfaces, and is thus a non-selective competitor of both activators, in agreement with available experimental data in vitro. Binding of p5 is enthalpically driven with an affinity estimated in the low µM range. A quantitative description of the binding site and pharmacophore is presented, and options are discussed to increase the binding affinity and selectivity in the design of drug-like compounds against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cardone
- Software and System Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - M Brady
- Software and System Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - R Sriram
- Software and System Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - H C Pant
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - S A Hassan
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Division of Computational Bioscience, CIT, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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35
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Uribe-Arias A, Posada-Duque RA, González-Billault C, Villegas A, Lopera F, Cardona-Gómez GP. p120-catenin is necessary for neuroprotection induced by CDK5 silencing in models of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2016; 138:624-39. [PMID: 27273428 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) plays important roles in synaptic function. Its unregulated over-activation has been, however, associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Our previous studies revealed that CDK5 silencing ameliorates tauopathy and spatial memory impairment in the 3xTgAD mouse model. However, how CDK5 targeting affects synaptic adhesion proteins, such as those involved in the cadherin/catenin system, during learning and memory processes is not completely understood. In this study, we detected reduced expression of p120 catenin (p120 ctn), N-cadherin, and β-catenin in the brain of human Alzheimer's disease patients, in addition to a reduced PSD95 and GluN2B protein levels in a 3xTgAD mouse model. Such decrease in synaptic proteins was recovered by CDK5 silencing in mice leading to a better learning and memory performance. Additionally, CDK5 inhibition or knockout increased p120 ctn levels. Moreover, in a glutamate-induced excitotoxicity model, CDK5 silencing-induced neuroprotection depended on p120 ctn. Together, those findings suggest that p120 ctn plays an important role in the neuronal dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease models and contributes to CDK5 silencing-induced neuroprotection and improvement of memory function. p120ctn is part of the synaptic adhesion molecular complex N-cadh/p120ctn/B-ctn/PSD95, and it has a pivotal role in cell adhesion stabilization and dendritic spine modulation. Our data show that synaptic adhesion complex is affected in AD human brains and in AD models. This complex is recovered by the silencing of CDK5, preventing memory dysfunction in an AD mice model and contributing to the neuroprotection in a depend-mode of p120ctn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Uribe-Arias
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Christian González-Billault
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Villegas
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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36
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Moncini S, Lunghi M, Valmadre A, Grasso M, Del Vescovo V, Riva P, Denti MA, Venturin M. The miR-15/107 Family of microRNA Genes Regulates CDK5R1/p35 with Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4329-4342. [PMID: 27343180 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1 (CDK5R1) encodes p35, the main activatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). The p35/CDK5 active complex plays a fundamental role in brain development and functioning, but its deregulated activity has also been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). CDK5R1 displays a large and highly evolutionarily conserved 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR), a fact that has suggested a role for this region in the post-transcriptional control of CDK5R1 expression. Our group has recently demonstrated that two miRNAs, miR-103 and miR-107, regulate CDK5R1 expression and affect the levels of p35. MiR-103 and miR-107 belong to the miR-15/107 family, a group of evolutionarily conserved miRNAs highly expressed in human cerebral cortex. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that other members of this group of miRNAs, in addition to miR-103 and miR-107, were able to modulate CDK5R1 expression. We provide evidence that several miRNAs belonging to the miR-15/107 family regulate p35 levels. BACE1 expression levels were also found to be modulated by different members of this family. Furthermore, overexpression of these miRNAs led to reduced APP phosphorylation levels at the CDK5-specific Thr668 residue. We also show that miR-15/107 miRNAs display reduced expression levels in hippocampus and temporal cortex, but not in cerebellum, of AD brains. Moreover, increased CDK5R1 mRNA levels were observed in AD hippocampus tissues. Our results suggest that the downregulation of the miR-15/107 family might have a role in the pathogenesis of AD by increasing the levels of CDK5R1/p35 and consequently enhancing CDK5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moncini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Viotti 3/5, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Lunghi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Viotti 3/5, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Valmadre
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Viotti 3/5, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Centre for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, (TN), Italy
| | - Valerio Del Vescovo
- Centre for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, (TN), Italy
| | - Paola Riva
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Viotti 3/5, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Alessandra Denti
- Centre for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, (TN), Italy.,Istituto di Neuroscienze, CNR, Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Venturin
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Viotti 3/5, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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37
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Ekong MB, Peter AI, Edagha IA, Ekpene UU, Friday DA. Rauwolfia vomitoria inhibits olfaction and modifies olfactory bulb cells. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:206-13. [PMID: 27208729 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The rising cost of orthodox medication has endeared so many to the use of herbs for the management of neurological conditions. Rauwolfia vomitoria (RV) one of such herbs is a rainforest shrub whose parts are used locally in the management of psychiatry and other medical issues. Its usefulness though not in doubt is wrapped with adverse reports as its active constituents depletes brain monoamine and dopamine stores. This motivated this research on the effects of the root bark extract on olfaction and the olfactory bulb of adult Wistar rats. Eighteen adult Wistar rats (220g average) were divided into three groups (n=6); control (placebo), 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg RV root bark extract, respectively. The oral administration lasted for seven days and on day 8, test of olfaction was carried out and the animals immediately anaesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (i.p.) and perfuse-fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin. All the brains were processed for histology and immunoreactivity. Results showed loss of body weights and olfaction in the 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg RV groups. There was hypertrophy and atrophy of mitral cells respectively, in the 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg RV groups, while there was hyperplasia of cells in the internal granular and plexiform layers of both groups. There was decreased neuron specific enolase (NSE) and neurofilament (NF) expression in the 200mg/kg RV group, while NF and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was decreased in the 400mg/kg RV group. However, NSE expression was enhanced in the 400mg/kg group, while GFAP expression was enhanced in the 200mg/kg RV group. These results suggest that these doses of RV affect olfaction and appetite, and stimulate adverse cellular changes in the olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses B Ekong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
| | - Aniekan I Peter
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Innocent A Edagha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Ubong U Ekpene
- Department of Surgery, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Daniel A Friday
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
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38
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Shah K, Lahiri DK. A Tale of the Good and Bad: Remodeling of the Microtubule Network in the Brain by Cdk5. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2255-2268. [PMID: 26944284 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cdk5, a cyclin-dependent kinase family member, is a global orchestrator of neuronal cytoskeletal dynamics. During embryogenesis, Cdk5 is indispensable for brain development. In adults, it is essential for numerous neuronal processes, including higher cognitive functions such as learning and memory formation, drug addiction, pain signaling, and long-term behavior changes through long-term potentiation and long-term depression, all of which rely on rapid alterations in the cytoskeleton. Cdk5 activity becomes deregulated in various brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and ischemic stroke; these all result in profound remodeling of the neuronal cytoskeleton. This Commentary specifically focuses on the pleiotropic contribution of Cdk5 in regulating neuronal microtubule remodeling. Because the vast majority of the physiological substrates of Cdk5 are associated with the neuronal cytoskeleton, our emphasis is on the Cdk5 substrates, such as CRMP2, stathmin, drebrin, dixdc1, axin, MAP2, MAP1B, doublecortin, kinesin-5, and tau, that have allowed to unravel the molecular mechanisms through which Cdk5 exerts its divergent roles in regulating neuronal microtubule dynamics, both in healthy and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical & Molecular Genetics, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Neuroscience Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-2266, USA
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39
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Huang Y, Wu Z, Zhou B. Behind the curtain of tauopathy: a show of multiple players orchestrating tau toxicity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1-21. [PMID: 26403791 PMCID: PMC11108533 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
tau, a microtubule-associated protein, directly binds with microtubules to dynamically regulate the organization of cellular cytoskeletons, and is especially abundant in neurons of the central nervous system. Under disease conditions such as Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, frontotemporal dementia, parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 and Alzheimer's disease, tau proteins can self-assemble to paired helical filaments progressing to neurofibrillary tangles. In these diseases, collectively referred to as "tauopathies", alterations of diverse tau modifications including phosphorylation, metal ion binding, glycosylation, as well as structural changes of tau proteins have all been observed, indicating the complexity and variability of factors in the regulation of tau toxicity. Here, we review our current knowledge and hypotheses from relevant studies on tau toxicity, emphasizing the roles of phosphorylations, metal ions, folding and clearance control underlining tau etiology and their regulations. A summary of clinical efforts and associated findings of drug candidates under development is also presented. It is hoped that a more comprehensive understanding of tau regulation will provide us with a better blueprint of tau networking in neuronal cells and offer hints for the design of more efficient strategies to tackle tau-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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40
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Gilley J, Ando K, Seereeram A, Rodríguez-Martín T, Pooler AM, Sturdee L, Anderton BH, Brion JP, Hanger DP, Coleman MP. Mislocalization of neuronal tau in the absence of tangle pathology in phosphomutant tau knockin mice. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 39:1-18. [PMID: 26923397 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation and fibrillar aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau are key features of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. To investigate the involvement of tau phosphorylation in the pathological process, we generated a pair of complementary phosphomutant tau knockin mouse lines. One exclusively expresses phosphomimetic tau with 18 glutamate substitutions at serine and/or threonine residues in the proline-rich and first microtubule-binding domains to model hyperphosphorylation, whereas its phosphodefective counterpart has matched alanine substitutions. Consistent with expected effects of genuine phosphorylation, association of the phosphomimetic tau with microtubules and neuronal membranes is severely disrupted in vivo, whereas the phosphodefective mutations have more limited or no effect. Surprisingly, however, age-related mislocalization of tau is evident in both lines, although redistribution appears more widespread and more pronounced in the phosphomimetic tau knockin. Despite these changes, we found no biochemical or immunohistological evidence of pathological tau aggregation in mice of either line up to at least 2 years of age. These findings raise important questions about the role of tau phosphorylation in driving pathology in human tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gilley
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kunie Ando
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussells, Belgium
| | - Anjan Seereeram
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience (PO37), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Rodríguez-Martín
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience (PO37), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amy M Pooler
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience (PO37), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Sturdee
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian H Anderton
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience (PO37), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussells, Belgium
| | - Diane P Hanger
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience (PO37), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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41
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CDK5 knockdown prevents hippocampal degeneration and cognitive dysfunction produced by cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1937-49. [PMID: 26104286 PMCID: PMC4671113 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular accident and it is the most common cause of physical disabilities around the globe. Patients may present with repeated ictuses, experiencing mental consequences, such as depression and cognitive disorders. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a kinase that is involved in neurotransmission and plasticity, but its dysregulation contributes to cognitive disorders and dementia. Gene therapy targeting CDK5 was administered to the right hippocampus of ischemic rats during transient cerebral middle artery occlusion. Physiologic parameters (blood pressure, pH, pO2, and pCO2) were measured. The CDK5 downregulation resulted in neurologic and motor improvement during the first week after ischemia. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 RNA interference (RNAi) prevented dysfunctions in learning, memory, and reversal learning at 1 month after ischemia. These observations were supported by the prevention of neuronal loss, the reduction of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunoreactivity, and a decrease in astroglial and microglia hyperreactivities and tauopathy. Additionally, CDK5 silencing led to an increase in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its Tropomyosin Receptor kinase B (TRKB) receptor, and activation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which are important targets in neuronal plasticity. Together, our findings suggest that gene therapy based on CDK5 silencing prevents cerebral ischemia-induced neurodegeneration and motor and cognitive deficits.
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42
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Wilkaniec A, Czapski GA, Adamczyk A. Cdk5 at crossroads of protein oligomerization in neurodegenerative diseases: facts and hypotheses. J Neurochem 2015; 136:222-33. [PMID: 26376455 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is involved in proper neurodevelopment and brain function and serves as a switch between neuronal survival and death. Overactivation of Cdk5 is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. It is believed that in those diseases Cdk5 may be an important link between disease-initiating factors and cell death effectors. A common hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders is incorrect folding of specific proteins, thus leading to their intra- and extracellular accumulation in the nervous system. Abnormal Cdk5 signaling contributes to dysfunction of individual proteins and has a substantial role in either direct or indirect interactions of proteins common to, and critical in, different neurodegenerative diseases. While the roles of Cdk5 in α-synuclein (ASN) - tau or β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) - tau interactions are well documented, its contribution to many other pertinent interactions, such as that of ASN with Aβ, or interactions of the Aβ - ASN - tau triad with prion proteins, did not get beyond plausible hypotheses and remains to be proven. Understanding of the exact position of Cdk5 in the deleterious feed-forward loop critical for development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases may help designing successful therapeutic strategies of several fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. It is believed that in those diseases Cdk5 may be an important factor involved in protein misfolding, toxicity and interaction. We suggest that Cdk5 may contribute to the vicious circle of neurotoxic events involved in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz A Czapski
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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43
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Binukumar BK, Shukla V, Amin ND, Grant P, Bhaskar M, Skuntz S, Steiner J, Pant HC. Peptide TFP5/TP5 derived from Cdk5 activator P35 provides neuroprotection in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4478-91. [PMID: 26399293 PMCID: PMC4666141 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-06-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TFP5/TP5 rescues dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by MPTP in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neuroprotective effect of TFP5/TP5 peptide is also associated with marked reduction in neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Selective inhibition of Cdk5/p25 by TFP5/TP5 peptide identifies the kinase as a potential target to reduce neurodegeneration in PD. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, decreased striatal dopamine levels, and consequent extrapyramidal motor dysfunction. Recent evidence indicates that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is inappropriately activated in several neurodegenerative conditions, including PD. To date, strategies to specifically inhibit Cdk5 hyperactivity have not been successful without affecting normal Cdk5 activity. Previously we reported that TFP5 peptide has neuroprotective effects in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease. Here we show that TFP5/TP5 selective inhibition of Cdk5/p25 hyperactivation in vivo and in vitro rescues nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP/MPP+) in a mouse model of PD. TP5 peptide treatment also blocked dopamine depletion in the striatum and improved gait dysfunction after MPTP administration. The neuroprotective effect of TFP5/TP5 peptide is also associated with marked reduction in neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Here we show selective inhibition of Cdk5/p25 hyperactivation by TFP5/TP5 peptide, which identifies the kinase as a potential therapeutic target to reduce neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Binukumar
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Varsha Shukla
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Niranjana D Amin
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Philip Grant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - M Bhaskar
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Susan Skuntz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joseph Steiner
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Harish C Pant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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44
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Song WJ, Son MY, Lee HW, Seo H, Kim JH, Chung SH. Enhancement of BACE1 Activity by p25/Cdk5-Mediated Phosphorylation in Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136950. [PMID: 26317805 PMCID: PMC4552876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is elevated during aging and in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms of this change are not well understood. p25/Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. Here, we describe a potential mechanism by which BACE activity is increased in AD brains. First, we show that BACE1 is phosphorylated by the p25/Cdk5 complex at Thr252 and that this phosphorylation increases BACE1 activity. Then, we demonstrate that the level of phospho-BACE1 is increased in the brains of AD patients and in mammalian cells and transgenic mice that overexpress p25. Furthermore, the fraction of p25 prepared from iodixanol gradient centrifugation was unexpectedly protected by protease digestion, suggesting that p25/Cdk5-mediated BACE1 phosphorylation may occur in the lumen. These results reveal a link between p25 and BACE1 in AD brains and suggest that upregulated Cdk5 activation by p25 accelerates AD pathogenesis by enhancing BACE1 activity via phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Joo Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Brain Science and Technology, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Institute for Brain Science and Technology, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye-Won Lee
- Institute for Brain Science and Technology, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyemyung Seo
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Sciences and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi Do, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (JHK); (SHC)
| | - Sul-Hee Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Brain Science and Technology, Inje University, Busan, Korea
- * E-mail: (JHK); (SHC)
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45
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Shanley MR, Hawley D, Leung S, Zaidi NF, Dave R, Schlosser KA, Bandopadhyay R, Gerber SA, Liu M. LRRK2 Facilitates tau Phosphorylation through Strong Interaction with tau and cdk5. Biochemistry 2015; 54:5198-208. [PMID: 26268594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and tau have been identified as risk factors of Parkinson's disease (PD). As LRRK2 is a kinase and tau is hyperphosphorylated in some LRRK2 mutation carriers of PD patients, the obvious hypothesis is that tau could be a substrate of LRRK2. Previous reports that LRRK2 phosphorylates free tau or tubulin-associated tau provide direct support for this proposition. By comparing LRRK2 with cdk5, we show that wild-type LRRK2 and the G2019S mutant phosphorylate free recombinant full-length tau protein with specific activity 480- and 250-fold lower than cdk5, respectively. More strikingly tau binds to wt LRRK2 or the G2019S mutant 140- or 200-fold more strongly than cdk5. The extremely low activity of LRRK2 but strong binding affinity with tau suggests that LRRK2 may facilitate tau phosphorylation as a scaffold protein rather than as a major tau kinase. This hypothesis is further supported by the observation that (i) cdk5 or tau coimmunoprecipitates with endogenous LRRK2 in SH-SY5Y cells, in mouse brain tissue, and in human PBMCs; (ii) knocking down endogenous LRRK2 by its siRNA in SH-SY5Y cells reduces tau phosphorylation at Ser396 and Ser404; (iii) inhibiting LRRK2 kinase activity by its inhibitors has no effect on tau phosphorylation at these two sites; and (iv) overexpressing wt LRRK2, the G2019S mutant, or the D1994A kinase-dead mutant in SH-SY5Y cells has no effect on tau phosphorylation. Our results suggest that LRRK2 facilitates tau phosphorylation indirectly by recruiting tau or cdk5 rather than by directly phosphorylating tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Shanley
- Neurology Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 65 Landsdowne Street, Fourth Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dillon Hawley
- Neurology Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 65 Landsdowne Street, Fourth Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shirley Leung
- Neurology Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 65 Landsdowne Street, Fourth Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nikhat F Zaidi
- Neurology Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 65 Landsdowne Street, Fourth Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Roshni Dave
- Neurology Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 65 Landsdowne Street, Fourth Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kate A Schlosser
- Department of Genetics and of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , One Medical Center Drive HB-7937, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
| | - Rina Bandopadhyay
- Reta Lila, Weston Institute of Neurological Studies Department of Molecular Neuroscience UCL, Institute of Neurology 1 , Wakefield Street, London WC1N 1PJ, U.K
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Genetics and of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , One Medical Center Drive HB-7937, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
| | - Min Liu
- Neurology Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , 65 Landsdowne Street, Fourth Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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46
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Wrasidlo W, Crews LA, Tsigelny IF, Stocking E, Kouznetsova VL, Price D, Paulino A, Gonzales T, Overk CR, Patrick C, Rockenstein E, Masliah E. Neuroprotective effects of the anti-cancer drug sunitinib in models of HIV neurotoxicity suggests potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:5757-73. [PMID: 25117211 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anti-retrovirals have improved and extended the life expectancy of patients with HIV. However, as this population ages, the prevalence of cognitive changes is increasing. Aberrant activation of kinases, such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), play a role in the mechanisms of HIV neurotoxicity. Inhibitors of CDK5, such as roscovitine, have neuroprotective effects; however, CNS penetration is low. Interestingly, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) display some CDK inhibitory activity and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We screened a small group of known TKIs for a candidate with additional CDK5 inhibitory activity and tested the efficacy of the candidate in in vitro and in vivo models of HIV-gp120 neurotoxicity. KEY RESULTS Among 12 different compounds, sunitinib inhibited CDK5 with an IC50 of 4.2 μM. In silico analysis revealed that, similarly to roscovitine, sunitinib fitted 6 of 10 features of the CDK5 pharmacophore. In a cell-based model, sunitinib reduced CDK5 phosphorylation (pCDK5), calpain-dependent p35/p25 conversion and protected neuronal cells from the toxic effects of gp120. In glial fibrillary acidic protein-gp120 transgenic (tg) mice, sunitinib reduced levels of pCDK5, p35/p25 and phosphorylated tau protein, along with amelioration of the neurodegenerative pathology. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Compounds such as sunitinib with dual kinase inhibitory activity could ameliorate the cognitive impairment associated with chronic HIV infection of the CNS. Moreover, repositioning existing low MW compounds holds promise for the treatment of patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf Wrasidlo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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van Eersel J, Stevens CH, Przybyla M, Gladbach A, Stefanoska K, Chan CKX, Ong WY, Hodges JR, Sutherland GT, Kril JJ, Abramowski D, Staufenbiel M, Halliday GM, Ittner LM. Early-onset axonal pathology in a novel P301S-Tau transgenic mouse model of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:906-25. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet van Eersel
- Dementia Research Unit; Department of Anatomy; School of Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Claire H. Stevens
- Dementia Research Unit; Department of Anatomy; School of Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Magdalena Przybyla
- Dementia Research Unit; Department of Anatomy; School of Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Amadeus Gladbach
- Dementia Research Unit; Department of Anatomy; School of Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Kristie Stefanoska
- Dementia Research Unit; Department of Anatomy; School of Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Chesed Kai-Xin Chan
- Department of Anatomy; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - John R. Hodges
- Neuroscience Research Australia; Sydney Australia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | | | - Jillian J. Kril
- Discipline of Pathology; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | | | | | - Glenda M. Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia; Sydney Australia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Lars M. Ittner
- Dementia Research Unit; Department of Anatomy; School of Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia; Sydney Australia
- Sydney Medical School; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
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Nazem A, Sankowski R, Bacher M, Al-Abed Y. Rodent models of neuroinflammation for Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:74. [PMID: 25890375 PMCID: PMC4404276 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease remains incurable, and the failures of current disease-modifying strategies for Alzheimer's disease could be attributed to a lack of in vivo models that recapitulate the underlying etiology of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The etiology of late-onset Alzheimer's disease is not based on mutations related to amyloid-β (Aβ) or tau production which are currently the basis of in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease. It has recently been suggested that mechanisms like chronic neuroinflammation may occur prior to amyloid-β and tau pathologies in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of rodent models of neuroinflammation in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Our search criteria were based on characteristics of an idealistic disease model that should recapitulate causes, symptoms, and lesions in a chronological order similar to the actual disease. Therefore, a model based on the inflammation hypothesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease should include the following features: (i) primary chronic neuroinflammation, (ii) manifestations of memory and cognitive impairment, and (iii) late development of tau and Aβ pathologies. The following models fit the pre-defined criteria: lipopolysaccharide- and PolyI:C-induced models of immune challenge; streptozotocin-, okadaic acid-, and colchicine neurotoxin-induced neuroinflammation models, as well as interleukin-1β, anti-nerve growth factor and p25 transgenic models. Among these models, streptozotocin, PolyI:C-induced, and p25 neuroinflammation models are compatible with the inflammation hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nazem
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Roman Sankowski
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Michael Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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Abstract
Deficiency of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been linked to the death of postmitotic cortical neurons during brain development. We now report that, in mouse cortical neurons, Cdk5 is capable of phosphorylating the transcription factor FOXO1 at Ser249 in vitro and in vivo. Cellular stresses resulting from extracellular stimulation by H2O2 or β-amyloid promote hyperactivation of Cdk5, FOXO1 nuclear export and inhibition of its downstream transcriptional activity. In contrast, a loss of Cdk5 leads to FOXO1 translocation into the nucleus: a shift due to decreased AKT activity but independent of S249 phosphorylation. Nuclear FOXO1 upregulates transcription of the proapoptotic gene, BIM, leading to neuronal death, which can be rescued when endogenous FOXO1 was replaced by the cytoplasmically localized form of FOXO1, FOXO1-S249D. Cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, Cdk5 attenuates neuronal death by inhibiting FOXO1 transcriptional activity and BIM expression. Together, our findings suggest that Cdk5 plays a novel and unexpected role in the degeneration of postmitotic neurons through modulation of the cellular location of FOXO1, which constitutes an alternative pathway through which Cdk5 deficiency leads to neuronal death.
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50
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Fields JA, Dumaop W, Crews L, Adame A, Spencer B, Metcalf J, He J, Rockenstein E, Masliah E. Mechanisms of HIV-1 Tat neurotoxicity via CDK5 translocation and hyper-activation: role in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Curr HIV Res 2015; 13:43-54. [PMID: 25760044 PMCID: PMC4455959 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x13666150311164201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The advent of more effective antiretroviral therapies has reduced the frequency of HIV dementia, however the prevalence of milder HIV associated neurocognitive disorders [HAND] is actually rising. Neurodegenerative mechanisms in HAND might include toxicity by secreted HIV-1 proteins such as Tat, gp120 and Nef that could activate neuro-inflammatory pathways, block autophagy, promote excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of signaling pathways. Recent studies have shown that Tat could interfere with several signal transduction mechanisms involved in cytoskeletal regulation, cell survival and cell cycle re-entry. Among them, Tat has been shown to hyper-activate cyclin-dependent kinase [CDK] 5, a member of the Ser/Thr CDKs involved in cell migration, angiogenesis, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. CDK5 is activated by binding to its regulatory subunit, p35 or p39. For this manuscript we review evidence showing that Tat, via calcium dysregulation, promotes calpain-1 cleavage of p35 to p25, which in turn hyper-activates CDK5 resulting in abnormal phosphorylation of downstream targets such as Tau, collapsin response mediator protein-2 [CRMP2], doublecortin [DCX] and MEF2. We also present new data showing that Tat interferes with the trafficking of CDK5 between the nucleus and cytoplasm. This results in prolonged presence of CDK5 in the cytoplasm leading to accumulation of aberrantly phosphorylated cytoplasmic targets [e.g.: Tau, CRMP2, DCX] that impair neuronal function and eventually lead to cell death. Novel therapeutic approaches with compounds that block Tat mediated hyper-activation of CDK5 might be of value in the management of HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., MTF 348, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA.
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