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Khan I, Kashani-Sabet M. Bromodomain inhibition targeting BPTF in the treatment of melanoma and other solid tumors. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-024-10265-7. [PMID: 38683257 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to play an important role in the development of cancer. These include the activation of chromatin remodeling factors in various malignancies, including bromodomain plant homeodomain (PHD) finger transcription factor (BPTF), the largest component of the human nucleosome remodeling factor (NURF). In the last few years, BPTF has been identified as a pro-tumorigenic factor in melanoma, stimulated by research into the molecular mechanisms underlying BPTF function. Developing therapy targeting the BPTF bromodomain would represent a significant advance. Melanoma therapy has been revolutionized by the efficacy of immunotherapeutic and targeted strategies, but the development of drug resistance calls for alternative therapeutic approaches. Recent work has shown both a biomarker as well as functional role for BPTF in melanoma progression and as a possible target for its therapy. BPTF was shown to stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, which is targeted by selective BRAF inhibitors. The advent of small molecule inhibitors that target bromodomain motifs has shown that bromodomains are druggable. By combining the bromodomain inhibitor bromosporine with existing treatments that target mutant BRAF, BPTF targeting has emerged as a novel and promising therapeutic approach for metastatic melanoma. This article summarizes the functional role of BPTF in tumor progression, reviews the clinical experience to date with bromodomain inhibitors, and discusses the promise of BPTF targeting in melanoma and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 475 Brannan St, Suite 130, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Mohammed Kashani-Sabet
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 475 Brannan St, Suite 130, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
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2
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Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Szatkowska I, Kupnicka P, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Clinical Significance and Involvement in Molecular Cancer Processes of Chemokine CXCL1 in Selected Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4365. [PMID: 38673949 PMCID: PMC11050300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines play a key role in cancer processes, with CXCL1 being a well-studied example. Due to the lack of a complete summary of CXCL1's role in cancer in the literature, in this study, we examine the significance of CXCL1 in various cancers such as bladder, glioblastoma, hemangioendothelioma, leukemias, Kaposi's sarcoma, lung, osteosarcoma, renal, and skin cancers (malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma), along with thyroid cancer. We focus on understanding how CXCL1 is involved in the cancer processes of these specific types of tumors. We look at how CXCL1 affects cancer cells, including their proliferation, migration, EMT, and metastasis. We also explore how CXCL1 influences other cells connected to tumors, like promoting angiogenesis, recruiting neutrophils, and affecting immune cell functions. Additionally, we discuss the clinical aspects by exploring how CXCL1 levels relate to cancer staging, lymph node metastasis, patient outcomes, chemoresistance, and radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Iwona Szatkowska
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
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Yang M, Diaz F, Krause ART, Lei Y, Liu WS. Synergistic enhancement of the mouse Pramex1 and Pramel1 in repressing retinoic acid (RA) signaling during gametogenesis. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:28. [PMID: 38395975 PMCID: PMC10893636 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01212-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRAME constitutes one of the largest multi-copy gene families in Eutherians, encoding cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) with leucine-rich repeats (LRR) domains, highly expressed in cancer cells and gametogenic germ cells. This study aims to elucidate genetic interactions between two members, Pramex1 and Pramel1, in the mouse Prame family during gametogenesis using a gene knockout approach. RESULT Single-gene knockout (sKO) of either Pramex1 or Pramel1 resulted in approximately 7% of abnormal seminiferous tubules, characterized by a Sertoli-cell only (SCO) phenotype, impacting sperm count and fecundity significantly. Remarkably, sKO female mice displayed normal reproductive functions. In contrast, Pramex1/Pramel1 double knockout (dKO) mice exhibited reduced fecundity in both sexes. In dKO females, ovarian primary follicle count decreased by 50% compared to sKO and WT mice, correlating with a 50% fecundity decrease. This suggested compensatory roles during oogenesis in Pramex1 or Pramel1 sKO females. Conversely, dKO males showed an 18% frequency of SCO tubules, increased apoptotic germ cells, and decreased undifferentiated spermatogonia compared to sKO and WT testes. Western blot analysis with PRAMEX1- or PRAMEL1-specific antibodies on sKO testes revealed compensatory upregulation of each protein (30-50%) in response to the other gene's deletion. Double KO males exhibited more severe defects in sperm count and litter size, surpassing Pramex1 and Pramel1 sKO accumulative effects, indicating a synergistic enhancement interaction during spermatogenesis. Additional experiments administering trans-retinoic acid (RA) and its inhibitor (WIN18,446) in sKO, dKO, and WT mice suggested that PRAMEX1 and PRAMEL1 synergistically repress the RA signaling pathway during spermatogenesis. CONCLUSION Data from sKO and dKO mice unveil a synergistic interaction via the RA signaling pathway between Pramex1 and Pramel1 genes during gametogenesis. This discovery sets the stage for investigating interactions among other members within the Prame family, advancing our understanding of multi-copy gene families involved in germ cell formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyao Yang
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health (CRBH), College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 311 AVBS Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Francisco Diaz
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health (CRBH), College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 311 AVBS Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ana Rita T Krause
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health (CRBH), College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 311 AVBS Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yuguo Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Wan-Sheng Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health (CRBH), College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 311 AVBS Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Cassalia F, Danese A, Tudurachi I, Federico S, Zambello A, Guidotti A, Franceschin L, Bolzon A, Naldi L, Belloni Fortina A. PRAME Updated: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Role in Skin Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1582. [PMID: 38338862 PMCID: PMC10855739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME), a member of the cancer/testis antigen family, is central to the field of skin cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. As a nuclear receptor and transcriptional regulator, PRAME plays a critical role in inhibiting retinoic acid signalling, which is essential for cell differentiation and proliferation. Its aberrant overexpression in various malignancies, particularly cutaneous melanoma, is associated with more aggressive tumour phenotypes, positioning PRAME as both a diagnostic and prognostic marker. In melanoma, PRAME is typically highly expressed, in contrast to its weak or absent expression in benign nevi, thereby improving the accuracy of differential diagnoses. The diagnostic value of PRAME extends to various lesions. It is significantly expressed in uveal melanoma, correlating to an increased risk of metastasis. In acral melanomas, especially those with histopathological ambiguity, PRAME helps to improve diagnostic accuracy. However, its expression in spitzoid and ungual melanocytic lesions is inconsistent and requires a comprehensive approach for an accurate assessment. In soft tissue sarcomas, PRAME may be particularly helpful in differentiating melanoma from clear cell sarcoma, an important distinction due to their similar histological appearance but different treatment approaches and prognosis, or in detecting dedifferentiated and undifferentiated melanomas. In non-melanoma skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma, the variable expression of PRAME can lead to diagnostic complexity. Despite these challenges, the potential of PRAME as a therapeutic target in melanoma is significant. Emerging immunotherapies, including T-cell-based therapies and vaccines targeting PRAME, are being investigated to exploit its cancer-specific expression. Ongoing research into the molecular role and mechanism of action of PRAME in skin cancer continues to open new avenues in both diagnostics and therapeutics, with the potential to transform the management of melanoma and related skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortunato Cassalia
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (I.T.); (A.Z.); (A.G.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.B.F.)
| | - Andrea Danese
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Integrated Medical and General Activity, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Ina Tudurachi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (I.T.); (A.Z.); (A.G.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.B.F.)
| | - Serena Federico
- Dermatology Unit, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Anna Zambello
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (I.T.); (A.Z.); (A.G.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.B.F.)
| | - Alessia Guidotti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (I.T.); (A.Z.); (A.G.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.B.F.)
| | - Ludovica Franceschin
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (I.T.); (A.Z.); (A.G.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.B.F.)
| | - Anna Bolzon
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (I.T.); (A.Z.); (A.G.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.B.F.)
| | - Luigi Naldi
- Department of Dermatology, Ospedale San Bortolo, 36100 Vicenza, Italy;
- Centro Studi Gruppo Italiano Studi Epidemiologici in Dermatologia (GISED), 24121 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Anna Belloni Fortina
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (I.T.); (A.Z.); (A.G.); (L.F.); (A.B.); (A.B.F.)
- Pediatric Dermatology Department of Women’s and Child’s Health (SDB), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
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Pisamai S, Edwards SW, Cheng CW, Chaivichit P, Sooksiri M, Yanakam S, Maneewong S, Suriyaphol G. Tissue transcriptome profiling and pathway analyses revealed novel potential biomarkers in the tumor progression of canine oral melanoma. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105036. [PMID: 37856944 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Canine oral melanoma (COM) is an aggressive oral malignancy in dogs, mostly with metastasis. However, the understanding of total gene expression of oral melanoma (OM) at different clinical stages has been limited. The objective of this study was to identify novel mRNA biomarkers of early-stage OM (EOM) and late-stage OM (LOM). Transcriptome sequencing of 3 EOM, 5 LOM and 4 normal gingival tissues (controls) was performed. Selected transcriptome results were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) using 12 LOM and 10 controls. We found 534 differentially expressed in EOM compared with controls, whereas 696 genes in LOM were differentially expressed compared with controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, 27 genes were differentially expressed in LOM compared with EOM (P < 0.05). The genes expressed in COM were involved in the molecular mechanism of cancer and melanocyte development pathways, promoting melanoma progression. qRT-PCR confirmed an increased expression of genes encoding an important protein in chemotherapy resistance (dopachrome tautomerase, DCT) and tumor progression (forkhead box M1, FOXM1), and decreased expression of a tumor suppression gene (N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2, NDRG2) in LOM, concordant with transcriptome results. In conclusion, this study revealed the comprehensive transcriptome from COM tissues, and increased DCT and FOXM1 and decreased NDRG2 gene expression indicated the potential candidate biomarkers in COM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinun Pisamai
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Chew Weng Cheng
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Phannita Chaivichit
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mokhapoom Sooksiri
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sujittra Yanakam
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sattabongkoch Maneewong
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Gunnaporn Suriyaphol
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Cheng TC, Wu JH, Zhu B, Gao HY, Zheng L, Chen WX. Identification of a novel five ferroptosis-related gene signature as a promising prognostic model for breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16779-16795. [PMID: 37728703 PMCID: PMC10645672 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BCa) is a major challenge for women's health worldwide. Ferroptosis is closely related to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes in BCa remains unclear, and more accurate prognostic models are urgently needed. METHODS Gene expression profiles and clinical information of BCa patients were collected from public databases. LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analysis were utilized to construct the prognostic gene signature. Kaplan-Meier plotter, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and nomogram were used to validate the prognostic value of the gene signature. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to explore the molecular functions and signaling pathways. RESULTS Differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes between BCa samples and normal tissues were obtained. A novel five-gene signature including BCL2, SLC40A1, TFF1, APOOL, and PRAME was established for prognosis prediction. Patients stratified into high-risk or low-risk group displayed significantly different survival. Kaplan-Meier and ROC curves showed a good performance for survival prediction in different cohorts. Biological function analysis revealed that the five-gene signature was associated with cancer progression, immune infiltration, immune response, and drug resistance. Nomogram including the five-gene signature was established. CONCLUSION A novel five ferroptosis-related gene signature and nomogram could be used for prognostic prediction in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglongxiang, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jia-Hao Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglongxiang, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bei Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglongxiang, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou Tumor Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglongxiang, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Wei-Xian Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglongxiang, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Post-Doctoral Working Station, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, ChangzhouJiangsu Province, 213000, China.
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7
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Šafanda A, Kendall Bártů M, Michálková R, Stružinská I, Drozenová J, Fabián P, Hausnerová J, Laco J, Matěj R, Škapa P, Švajdler M, Špůrková Z, Méhes G, Dundr P, Němejcová K. Immunohistochemical expression of PRAME in 485 cases of epithelial tubo-ovarian tumors. Virchows Arch 2023; 483:509-516. [PMID: 37610627 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer/testis antigen selectively expressed in somatic tissues and various solid malignant tumors and is associated with poor prognostic outcome. Our research aimed to comprehensively compare its expression in a large cohort of tubo-ovarian epithelial tumors and examine its correlation with our clinico-pathologic data, as well as to assess its potential use in diagnostics and therapy.We examined 485 cases of epithelial tubo-ovarian tumors including 107 clear cell carcinomas (CCC), 52 endometroid carcinomas (EC), 103 high grade serous carcinomas (HGSC), 119 low grade serous carcinomas (LGSC)/micropapillary variant of serous borderline tumors (mSBT), and 104 cases of mucinous carcinomas (MC)/mucinous borderline tumors (MBT). The immunohistochemical analysis was performed using TMAs.The highest levels of expression were seen in EC (60%), HGSC (62%), and CCC (56%), while expression in LGSC/mSBT (4%) and MC/MBT (2%) was rare. The clinico-pathologic correlations and survival analysis showed no prognostic significance.The results of our study showed that PRAME is neither prognostic nor a suitable ancillary marker in the differential diagnosis of tubo-ovarian epithelial tumors. Nevertheless, knowledge about the PRAME expression may be important concerning its potential predictive significance, because targeting PRAME as a potential therapeutic option is currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Šafanda
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kendall Bártů
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Michálková
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Stružinská
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Drozenová
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 10034, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Fabián
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hausnerová
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Matěj
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 10034, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Škapa
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Švajdler
- Šikl's Department of Pathology, The Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Špůrková
- Department of Pathology, Bulovka Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pavel Dundr
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Němejcová
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Lam GT, Sorvina A, Martini C, Prabhakaran S, Ung BSY, Lazniewska J, Moore CR, Beck AR, Hopkins AM, Johnson IRD, Caruso MC, Hickey SM, Brooks RD, Jackett L, Karageorgos L, Foster-Smith EJ, Malone V, Klebe S, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Logan JM. Altered endosomal-lysosomal biogenesis in melanoma. Neoplasia 2023; 43:100924. [PMID: 37562257 PMCID: PMC10423698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest form of skin neoplasm and its high mortality rates could be averted by early accurate detection. While the detection of melanoma is currently reliant upon melanin visualisation, research into melanosome biogenesis, as a key driver of pathogenesis, has not yielded technology that can reliably distinguish between atypical benign, amelanotic and melanotic lesions. The endosomal-lysosomal system has important regulatory roles in cancer cell biology, including a specific functional role in melanosome biogenesis. Herein, the involvement of the endosomal-lysosomal system in melanoma was examined by pooled secondary analysis of existing gene expression datasets. A set of differentially expressed endosomal-lysosomal genes was identified in melanoma, which were interconnected by biological function. To illustrate the protein expression of the dysregulated genes, immunohistochemistry was performed on samples from patients with cutaneous melanoma to reveal candidate markers. This study demonstrated the dysregulation of Syntenin-1, Sortilin and Rab25 may provide a differentiating feature between cutaneous melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma, while IGF2R may indicate malignant propensity in these skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T Lam
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney R Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew R Beck
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Louise Jackett
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Meneveau MO, Vavolizza RD, Mohammad A, Kumar P, Manderfield JT, Callahan C, Lynch KT, Abbas T, Slingluff CL, Bekiranov S. A Step Toward Personalized Surgical Decision Making: Machine Learning Predicts 1 Versus Numerous Melanoma Lymph Node Metastases Using RNA-sequencing. Ann Surg 2023; 278:e589-e597. [PMID: 36538614 PMCID: PMC10209351 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Develop a predictive model to identify patients with 1 pathologic lymph node (pLN) versus >1 pLN using machine learning applied to gene expression profiles and clinical data as input variables. BACKGROUND Standard management for clinically detected melanoma lymph node metastases is complete therapeutic LN dissection (TLND). However, >40% of patients with a clinically detected melanoma lymph node will only have 1 pLN on final review. Recent data suggest that targeted excision of just the single enlarged LN may provide excellent regional control, with less morbidity than TLND. The selection of patients for less morbid surgery requires accurate identification of those with only 1 pLN. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to identify patients who underwent TLND for melanoma. Pathology reports in The Cancer Genome Atlas were reviewed to identify the number of pLNs. Patients were included for machine learning analyses if RNA sequencing data were available from a pLN. After feature selection, the top 20 gene expression and clinical input features were used to train a ridge logistic regression model to predict patients with 1 pLN versus >1 pLN using 10-fold cross-validation on 80% of samples. The model was then tested on the remaining holdout samples. RESULTS A total of 153 patients met inclusion criteria: 64 with one pLN (42%) and 89 with >1 pLNs (58%). Feature selection identified 1 clinical (extranodal extension) and 19 gene expression variables used to predict patients with 1 pLN versus >1 pLN. The ridge logistic regression model identified patient groups with an accuracy of 90% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.97. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression profiles together with clinical variables can distinguish melanoma metastasis patients with 1 pLN versus >1 pLN. Future models trained using positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging, gene expression, and relevant clinical variables may further improve accuracy and may predict patients who can be managed with a targeted LN excision rather than a complete TLND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max O. Meneveau
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rick D. Vavolizza
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anwaruddin Mohammad
- Bioinformatics Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Bioinformatics Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Colleen Callahan
- University of Virginia, School of Data Science, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kevin T. Lynch
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tarek Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Craig L. Slingluff
- Department of Surgery/Division of Surgical Oncology and the Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stefan Bekiranov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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10
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Hritcu OM, Bocaneti Daraban F, Bacusca FD, Pasca AS. Unusual Canine Cutaneous Melanoma Presenting Parietal Bone Metastasis: A Case Report. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040282. [PMID: 37104437 PMCID: PMC10141863 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocytic tumour anatomic location is considered an important prognostic indicator. The cutaneous forms are generally considered benign and may show various biological behaviours. This work reports a rare case of canine cutaneous melanoma showing parietal bone metastasis. Bone invasion in melanocytic tumours is often described in oral or visceral melanomas, but not in cutaneous forms. The patient (dog, male, mixed breed, 12 years) was initially presented for the surgical removal of a cutaneous tumour located on the skin of the carpal region of the right forelimb. Four months after, the patient returned with enlarged lymph nodes and acute respiratory failure. The patient was euthanized due to a decline in physical condition. The necropsy showed metastases in the affected forelimb, regional lymph node, splanchnic organs, parietal bone and meninges. Histopathological examination of tumour tissue samples revealed a mixture of pigmented and non-pigmented spindle and epithelioid melanocytes, while according to immunohistochemistry, the tumours showed a strong immunopositivity for VEGF and MMP-10, and a moderate positivity for MMP-2 expression. This case shows that cutaneous melanocytic tumours may show an aggressive malignant form with positive immunohistochemical reactions for multiple invasiveness factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozana-Maria Hritcu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences Ion Ionescu de la Brad, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, No.8, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florentina Bocaneti Daraban
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences Ion Ionescu de la Brad, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, No.8, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| | - Fabian Dominic Bacusca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences Ion Ionescu de la Brad, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, No.8, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| | - Aurelian-Sorin Pasca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences Ion Ionescu de la Brad, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, No.8, 700489 Iasi, Romania
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11
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Kuruwitage Ishikawa AS, Tesser-Gamba F, Petrilli AS, de Seixas-Alves MT, Garcia-Filho RJ, de Toledo SRC. Quantitative expression evaluation of PRAME gene in osteosarcoma. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4301-4307. [PMID: 36922454 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous study, our group observed that 68% of the osteosarcoma (OS) samples presented PRAME (Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma) gene expression. In this work, we propose to investigate quantitatively gene expression of PRAME in distinct patients groups. METHODS AND RESULTS 61 osteosarcoma samples, from 3 distinct patients groups were selected for this study: (1) Patients younger than 10 years old at diagnosis, (2) Patients that had poor evolution of disease and (3) Patients that were in remission of disease and had treatment with no intercurrences) PRAME gene expression levels were obtained using quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction method (qRT-PCR). Clinical parameters were collected from patient's medical charts. Results demonstrated an increase in PRAME gene expression in all samples, with high variation in expression levels, when considering all samples and when analyzed in each group. In addition, no statistical difference was found when considering clinical data collected or patients groups. CONCLUSION PRAME gene expression quantitative investigation did not bring any complementary information beyond of what had already been observed in other qualitative investigations published by our group, there is no relation between PRAME gene expression levels and disease evolution. However, the findings in this work contribute for validation PRAME gene expression as a good biomarker to OS, which, in the future, may allow identification circulating tumor cell or molecules to contribute with early diagnostic of metastasis, a genuine problem in OS that determinate flattening in survival curves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francine Tesser-Gamba
- Pediatric Oncology Institute (IOP/GRAACC), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Sérgio Petrilli
- Pediatric Oncology Institute (IOP/GRAACC), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa de Seixas-Alves
- Pediatric Oncology Institute (IOP/GRAACC), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Reynaldo Jesus Garcia-Filho
- Pediatric Oncology Institute (IOP/GRAACC), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Caminada de Toledo
- Pediatric Oncology Institute (IOP/GRAACC), Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Balood M, Ahmadi M, Eichwald T, Ahmadi A, Majdoubi A, Roversi K, Roversi K, Lucido CT, Restaino AC, Huang S, Ji L, Huang KC, Semerena E, Thomas SC, Trevino AE, Merrison H, Parrin A, Doyle B, Vermeer DW, Spanos WC, Williamson CS, Seehus CR, Foster SL, Dai H, Shu CJ, Rangachari M, Thibodeau J, V Del Rincon S, Drapkin R, Rafei M, Ghasemlou N, Vermeer PD, Woolf CJ, Talbot S. Nociceptor neurons affect cancer immunosurveillance. Nature 2022; 611:405-412. [PMID: 36323780 PMCID: PMC9646485 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumours are innervated by nerve fibres that arise from the autonomic and sensory peripheral nervous systems1-5. Whether the neo-innervation of tumours by pain-initiating sensory neurons affects cancer immunosurveillance remains unclear. Here we show that melanoma cells interact with nociceptor neurons, leading to increases in their neurite outgrowth, responsiveness to noxious ligands and neuropeptide release. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-one such nociceptor-produced neuropeptide-directly increases the exhaustion of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, which limits their capacity to eliminate melanoma. Genetic ablation of the TRPV1 lineage, local pharmacological silencing of nociceptors and antagonism of the CGRP receptor RAMP1 all reduced the exhaustion of tumour-infiltrating leukocytes and decreased the growth of tumours, nearly tripling the survival rate of mice that were inoculated with B16F10 melanoma cells. Conversely, CD8+ T cell exhaustion was rescued in sensory-neuron-depleted mice that were treated with local recombinant CGRP. As compared with wild-type CD8+ T cells, Ramp1-/- CD8+ T cells were protected against exhaustion when co-transplanted into tumour-bearing Rag1-deficient mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing of biopsies from patients with melanoma revealed that intratumoral RAMP1-expressing CD8+ T cells were more exhausted than their RAMP1-negative counterparts, whereas overexpression of RAMP1 correlated with a poorer clinical prognosis. Overall, our results suggest that reducing the release of CGRP from tumour-innervating nociceptors could be a strategy to improve anti-tumour immunity by eliminating the immunomodulatory effects of CGRP on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Balood
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryam Ahmadi
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tuany Eichwald
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Abdelilah Majdoubi
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Roversi
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katiane Roversi
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Anthony C Restaino
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Elise Semerena
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sini C Thomas
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandro E Trevino
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Merrison
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandre Parrin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Doyle
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel W Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - William C Spanos
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - Corey R Seehus
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simmie L Foster
- Depression Clinical Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Manu Rangachari
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacques Thibodeau
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Moutih Rafei
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paola D Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Kitrell BM, Blue ED, Siller A, Lobl MB, Evans TD, Whitley MJ, Wysong A. Gene Expression Profiles in Cutaneous Oncology. Dermatol Clin 2022; 41:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Heerfordt IM, Andersen JD, Philipsen PA, Langhans L, Tvedebrink T, Schmidt G, Poulsen T, Lerche CM, Morling N, Wulf HC. Detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma using RNA sampled by tape strips: A study protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274413. [PMID: 36129945 PMCID: PMC9491607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is curable if detected in its early stages. However, the clinical recognition of CMM is challenging. An American research group has shown promising results in detecting CMM based on RNA profiles sampled from suspicious lesions with tape strips. We aim to further develop this technique and validate if RNA profiles sampled with tape strips can detect CMM. Methods This prospective cohort study will include approximately 200 lesions clinically suspected of CMM requiring surgical removal. Tape stripping of the lesions will be performed just before surgical excision. Subsequently, RNA on the tape strips is analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan technology. The results are combined into a binary outcome where positive indicates CMM and negative indicates no CMM. The histopathological diagnosis of the lesions will be used as the gold standard. The main outcome is the results of the RNA test and the histopathological diagnosis, which, combined, provide the sensitivity and specificity of the test. Discussion The accuracy of the clinical examination in CMM diagnostics is limited. This clinical trial will explore the ability to use RNA analysis to improve the management of suspicious lesions by enhancing early diagnostic accuracy. Hopefully, it can reduce the number of benign lesions being surgically removed to rule out CMM and decrease patient morbidity. Trial registration The project was approved by The Committee on Health Research Ethics of the Capital Region of Denmark (H-15010559) and registered at the Danish Data Protection Agency (BFH-2015-065).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida M. Heerfordt
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeppe D. Andersen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section of Forensic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter A. Philipsen
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linnea Langhans
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Tvedebrink
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section of Forensic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Grethe Schmidt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Poulsen
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Soenderborg, Denmark
| | - Catharina M. Lerche
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Morling
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section of Forensic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Wulf
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Chava S, Bugide S, Malvi P, Gupta R. Co-targeting of specific epigenetic regulators in combination with CDC7 potently inhibit melanoma growth. iScience 2022; 25:104752. [PMID: 35942091 PMCID: PMC9356103 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer that frequently metastasizes, but current therapies only benefit some patients. Here, we demonstrate that the serine/threonine kinase cell division cycle 7 (CDC7) is overexpressed in melanoma, and patients with higher expression have shorter survival. Transcription factor ELK1 regulates CDC7 expression, and CDC7 inhibition promotes cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis, leading to inhibition of melanoma tumor growth and metastasis. Our chemical genetics screen with epigenetic inhibitors revealed stronger melanoma tumor growth inhibition when XL413 is combined with the EZH2 inhibitor GSK343 or BRPF1/2/3 inhibitor OF1. Mechanistically, XL413 with GSK343 or OF1 synergistically altered the expression of tumor-suppressive genes, leading to higher apoptosis than the single agent alone. Collectively, these results identify CDC7 as a driver of melanoma tumor growth and metastasis that can be targeted alone or in combination with EZH2 or BRPF1/2/3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Chava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Suresh Bugide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Parmanand Malvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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16
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Houssou Hounye A, Wan M, Wang Z, Qi M, Zhang J, Hou M. Comprehensive analysis of the expression and prognosis for GPXs in cutaneous melanoma using bioinformatics analysis. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Comprehensive Landscape of STEAP Family Members Expression in Human Cancers: Unraveling the Potential Usefulness in Clinical Practice Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. DATA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/data7050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate (STEAP) family comprises STEAP1-4. Several studies have pointed out STEAP proteins as putative biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets in several types of human cancers, particularly in prostate cancer. However, the relationships and significance of the expression pattern of STEAP1-4 in cancer cases are barely known. Herein, the Oncomine database and cBioPortal platform were selected to predict the differential expression levels of STEAP members and clinical prognosis. The most common expression pattern observed was the combination of the over- and underexpression of distinct STEAP genes, but cervical and gastric cancer and lymphoma showed overexpression of all STEAP genes. It was also found that STEAP genes’ expression levels were already deregulated in benign lesions. Regarding the prognostic value, it was found that STEAP1 (prostate), STEAP2 (brain and central nervous system), STEAP3 (kidney, leukemia and testicular) and STEAP4 (bladder, cervical, gastric) overexpression correlate with lower patient survival rate. However, in prostate cancer, overexpression of the STEAP4 gene was correlated with a higher survival rate. Overall, this study first showed that the expression levels of STEAP genes are highly variable in human cancers, which may be related to different patients’ outcomes.
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Melanoma Brain Metastases: An Update on the Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Molecularly Targeted Agents. Am J Clin Dermatol 2022; 23:523-545. [PMID: 35534670 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-022-00678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases from melanoma are no longer uniformly associated with dismal outcomes. Impressive tumor tissue-based (craniotomy) translational research has consistently shown that distinct patient subgroups may have a favorable prognosis. This review provides a historical overview of the standard-of-care treatments until the early 2010s. It subsequently summarizes more recent advances in understanding the biology of melanoma brain metastases (MBMs) and treating patients with MBMs, mainly focusing upon prospective clinical trials of BRAF/MEK and PD-1/CTLA-4 inhibitors in patients with previously untreated MBMs. These additional systemic treatments have provided effective complementary treatment approaches and/or alternatives to radiation and craniotomy. The current role of radiation therapy, especially in conjunction with systemic therapies, is also discussed through the lens of various retrospective studies. The combined efficacy of systemic treatments with radiation has improved overall survival over the last 10 years and has sparked considerable research interest regarding optimal dosing and sequencing of radiation treatments with systemic treatments. Finally, the review describes ongoing clinical trials in patients with MBMs.
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NCOA3, a new player in melanoma susceptibility and a therapeutic target. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:399-401. [PMID: 35322161 PMCID: PMC9117460 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Hegedüs L, Livingstone E, Bánkfalvi Á, Viehof J, Enyedi Á, Bilecz Á, Győrffy B, Baranyi M, Tőkés AM, Gil J, Marko-Varga G, Griewank KG, Zimmer L, Váraljai R, Sucker A, Zaremba A, Schadendorf D, Aigner C, Hegedüs B. The Prognostic Relevance of PMCA4 Expression in Melanoma: Gender Specificity and Implications for Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3324. [PMID: 35328746 PMCID: PMC8949876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PMCA4 is a critical regulator of Ca2+ homeostasis in mammalian cells. While its biological and prognostic relevance in several cancer types has already been demonstrated, only preclinical investigations suggested a metastasis suppressor function in melanoma. Therefore, we studied the expression pattern of PMCA4 in human skin, nevus, as well as in primary and metastatic melanoma using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we analyzed the prognostic power of PMCA4 mRNA levels in cutaneous melanoma both at the non-metastatic stage as well as after PD-1 blockade in advanced disease. PMCA4 localizes to the plasma membrane in a differentiation dependent manner in human skin and mucosa, while nevus cells showed no plasma membrane staining. In contrast, primary cutaneous, choroidal and conjunctival melanoma cells showed specific plasma membrane localization of PMCA4 with a wide range of intensities. Analyzing the TCGA cohort, PMCA4 mRNA levels showed a gender specific prognostic impact in stage I-III melanoma. Female patients with high transcript levels had a significantly longer progression-free survival. Melanoma cell specific PMCA4 protein expression is associated with anaplasticity in melanoma lung metastasis but had no impact on survival after lung metastasectomy. Importantly, high PMCA4 transcript levels derived from RNA-seq of cutaneous melanoma are associated with significantly longer overall survival after PD-1 blockade. In summary, we demonstrated that human melanoma cells express PMCA4 and PMCA4 transcript levels carry prognostic information in a gender specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Hegedüs
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen–Ruhrlandklinik, 45239 Essen, Germany; (L.H.); (J.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Elisabeth Livingstone
- Department of Dermatology, University Medicine Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.L.); (K.G.G.); (L.Z.); (R.V.); (A.S.); (A.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Ágnes Bánkfalvi
- Department of Pathology, University Medicine Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Jan Viehof
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen–Ruhrlandklinik, 45239 Essen, Germany; (L.H.); (J.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Ágnes Enyedi
- Department of Transfusiology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ágnes Bilecz
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.B.); (M.B.); (A.-M.T.)
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Marcell Baranyi
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.B.); (M.B.); (A.-M.T.)
| | - Anna-Mária Tőkés
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.B.); (M.B.); (A.-M.T.)
| | - Jeovanis Gil
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Klaus G. Griewank
- Department of Dermatology, University Medicine Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.L.); (K.G.G.); (L.Z.); (R.V.); (A.S.); (A.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Lisa Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medicine Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.L.); (K.G.G.); (L.Z.); (R.V.); (A.S.); (A.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Renáta Váraljai
- Department of Dermatology, University Medicine Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.L.); (K.G.G.); (L.Z.); (R.V.); (A.S.); (A.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Antje Sucker
- Department of Dermatology, University Medicine Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.L.); (K.G.G.); (L.Z.); (R.V.); (A.S.); (A.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Anne Zaremba
- Department of Dermatology, University Medicine Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.L.); (K.G.G.); (L.Z.); (R.V.); (A.S.); (A.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Medicine Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.L.); (K.G.G.); (L.Z.); (R.V.); (A.S.); (A.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen–Ruhrlandklinik, 45239 Essen, Germany; (L.H.); (J.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Balázs Hegedüs
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen–Ruhrlandklinik, 45239 Essen, Germany; (L.H.); (J.V.); (C.A.)
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21
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Zhang M, Du G, Li Z, Li D, Li W, Li H, Gao X, Tang Z. An Oxidative Stress-Related Genes Signature for Predicting Survival in Bladder Cancer: Based on TCGA Database and Bioinformatics. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2645-2667. [PMID: 35300137 PMCID: PMC8922338 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s348945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress (OS) responses have been linked to oncogenesis and tumor progression and have recently been regarded as a potential strategy for tumor therapy. However, OS-related therapeutic targets have not been identified to date in the bladder cancer (BC). Methods The mRNA expression and clinical data of BC were downloaded from the public database. Prognostic risk score signature was constructed using LASSO Cox regression analysis. External validation was performed in GSE15307 cohort. ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and ssGSEA algorithm were used to analyze immune cell infiltration and immune microenvironment. Next, functional enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the signature. Additionally, we performed a nomogram to forecast the survival rate of individual BC patients. Results An OS-related genes (OSRGs) signature was constructed. Overall survival was lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group, according to survival analyses. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curves further validated the prognostic signature’s strong prediction performance in these two cohorts. The risk score was verified as an independent risk factor for BC by independent prognostic analysis. Moreover, as compared to TNM stage alone, a nomogram that integrated the risk score with TNM stage showed a much superior predictive value. Immune infiltration and tumor microenvironment studies indicated that immune cells and functions may play a significant role in carcinogenesis and development. The levels of expression of prognostic genes were shown to be substantially linked with drug sensitivity. Conclusion We developed a novel OSRGs signature for predicting overall survival and impacting the immune status in patients with BC. New nomogram can help clinicians predict the survival rate of BC patients. These findings shed new light on the potential usage of OSRGs signature in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Du
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengtian Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dehui Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weichao Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hening Li
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingxin Gao
- Department of Burns and Plastic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanhong Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhanhong Tang; Xingxin Gao, Email ;
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22
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Sebestyén A, Dankó T, Sztankovics D, Moldvai D, Raffay R, Cervi C, Krencz I, Zsiros V, Jeney A, Petővári G. The role of metabolic ecosystem in cancer progression — metabolic plasticity and mTOR hyperactivity in tumor tissues. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 40:989-1033. [PMID: 35029792 PMCID: PMC8825419 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in cancer management, tumor relapse and metastasis are associated with poor outcomes in many cancers. Over the past decade, oncogene-driven carcinogenesis, dysregulated cellular signaling networks, dynamic changes in the tissue microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, protein expression within regulatory pathways, and their part in tumor progression are described in several studies. However, the complexity of metabolic enzyme expression is considerably under evaluated. Alterations in cellular metabolism determine the individual phenotype and behavior of cells, which is a well-recognized hallmark of cancer progression, especially in the adaptation mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. In metabolic symbiosis, cells compete, communicate, and even feed each other, supervised by tumor cells. Metabolic reprogramming forms a unique fingerprint for each tumor tissue, depending on the cellular content and genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental alterations of the developing cancer. Based on its sensing and effector functions, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is considered the master regulator of metabolic adaptation. Moreover, mTOR kinase hyperactivity is associated with poor prognosis in various tumor types. In situ metabolic phenotyping in recent studies highlights the importance of metabolic plasticity, mTOR hyperactivity, and their role in tumor progression. In this review, we update recent developments in metabolic phenotyping of the cancer ecosystem, metabolic symbiosis, and plasticity which could provide new research directions in tumor biology. In addition, we suggest pathomorphological and analytical studies relating to metabolic alterations, mTOR activity, and their associations which are necessary to improve understanding of tumor heterogeneity and expand the therapeutic management of cancer.
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23
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Borden ES, Adams AC, Buetow KH, Wilson MA, Bauman JE, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Chow HHS, LaFleur BJ, Hastings KT. Shared Gene Expression and Immune Pathway Changes Associated with Progression from Nevi to Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010003. [PMID: 35008167 PMCID: PMC8749980 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma is a deadly skin cancer, and the incidence of melanoma is rising. Chemoprevention, using small molecule drugs to prevent the development of cancer, is a key strategy that could reduce the burden of melanoma on society. The long-term goal of our study is to develop a gene signature biomarker of progression from nevi to melanoma. We found that a small number of genes can distinguish nevi from melanoma and identified shared genes and immune-related pathways that are associated with progression from nevi to melanoma across independent datasets. This study demonstrates (1) a novel approach to aid melanoma chemoprevention trials by using a gene signature as a surrogate endpoint and (2) the feasibility of determining a gene signature biomarker of melanoma progression. Abstract There is a need to identify molecular biomarkers of melanoma progression to assist the development of chemoprevention strategies to lower melanoma incidence. Using datasets containing gene expression for dysplastic nevi and melanoma or melanoma arising in a nevus, we performed differential gene expression analysis and regularized regression models to identify genes and pathways that were associated with progression from nevi to melanoma. A small number of genes distinguished nevi from melanoma. Differential expression of seven genes was identified between nevi and melanoma in three independent datasets. C1QB, CXCL9, CXCL10, DFNA5 (GSDME), FCGR1B, and PRAME were increased in melanoma, and SCGB1D2 was decreased in melanoma, compared to dysplastic nevi or nevi that progressed to melanoma. Further supporting an association with melanomagenesis, these genes demonstrated a linear change in expression from benign nevi to dysplastic nevi to radial growth phase melanoma to vertical growth phase melanoma. The genes associated with melanoma progression showed significant enrichment of multiple pathways related to the immune system. This study demonstrates (1) a novel application of bioinformatic approaches to aid clinical trials of melanoma chemoprevention and (2) the feasibility of determining a gene signature biomarker of melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Borden
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (E.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
| | - Anngela C. Adams
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (E.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Buetow
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (K.H.B.); (M.A.W.)
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Melissa A. Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (K.H.B.); (M.A.W.)
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Julie E. Bauman
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.E.B.); (C.C.-L.); (H.-H.S.C.)
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.E.B.); (C.C.-L.); (H.-H.S.C.)
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - H.-H. Sherry Chow
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.E.B.); (C.C.-L.); (H.-H.S.C.)
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | | | - Karen Taraszka Hastings
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (E.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-602-827-2106
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24
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Adams R, Moser B, Karagiannis SN, Lacy KE. Chemokine Pathways in Cutaneous Melanoma: Their Modulation by Cancer and Exploitation by the Clinician. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225625. [PMID: 34830780 PMCID: PMC8615762 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma is rising globally and is projected to continue to rise. Advances in immunotherapy over the last decade have demonstrated that manipulation of the immune cell compartment of tumours is a valuable weapon in the arsenal against cancer; however, limitations to treatment still exist. Cutaneous melanoma lesions feature a dense cell infiltrate, coordinated by chemokines, which control the positioning of all immune cells. Melanomas are able to use chemokine pathways to preferentially recruit cells, which aid their growth, survival, invasion and metastasis, and which enhance their ability to evade anticancer immune responses. Aside from this, chemokine signalling can directly influence angiogenesis, invasion, lymph node, and distal metastases, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition-like processes and transendothelial migration. Understanding the interplay of chemokines, cancer cells, and immune cells may uncover future avenues for melanoma therapy, namely: identifying biomarkers for patient stratification, augmenting the effect of current and emerging therapies, and designing specific treatments to target chemokine pathways, with the aim to reduce melanoma pathogenicity, metastatic potential, and enhance immune cell-mediated cancer killing. The chemokine network may provide selective and specific targets that, if included in current therapeutic regimens, harbour potential to improve outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Adams
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK;
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
- Guy’s Cancer Centre, Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Correspondence: (S.N.K.); (K.E.L.); Tel.: +44-0-20-7188-6355 (K.E.L.)
| | - Katie E. Lacy
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.N.K.); (K.E.L.); Tel.: +44-0-20-7188-6355 (K.E.L.)
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25
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Radaszkiewicz T, Nosková M, Gömöryová K, Vondálová Blanářová O, Radaszkiewicz KA, Picková M, Víchová R, Gybeľ T, Kaiser K, Demková L, Kučerová L, Bárta T, Potěšil D, Zdráhal Z, Souček K, Bryja V. RNF43 inhibits WNT5A-driven signaling and suppresses melanoma invasion and resistance to the targeted therapy. eLife 2021; 10:65759. [PMID: 34702444 PMCID: PMC8550759 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RNF43 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and known negative regulator of WNT/β-catenin signaling. We demonstrate that RNF43 is also a regulator of noncanonical WNT5A-induced signaling in human cells. Analysis of the RNF43 interactome using BioID and immunoprecipitation showed that RNF43 can interact with the core receptor complex components dedicated to the noncanonical Wnt pathway such as ROR1, ROR2, VANGL1, and VANGL2. RNF43 triggers VANGL2 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation and clathrin-dependent internalization of ROR1 receptor and inhibits ROR2 activation. These activities of RNF43 are physiologically relevant and block pro-metastatic WNT5A signaling in melanoma. RNF43 inhibits responses to WNT5A, which results in the suppression of invasive properties of melanoma cells. Furthermore, RNF43 prevented WNT5A-assisted development of resistance to BRAF V600E and MEK inhibitors. Next, RNF43 acted as melanoma suppressor and improved response to targeted therapies in vivo. In line with these findings, RNF43 expression decreases during melanoma progression and RNF43-low patients have a worse prognosis. We conclude that RNF43 is a newly discovered negative regulator of WNT5A-mediated biological responses that desensitizes cells to WNT5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Radaszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Nosková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Gömöryová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Vondálová Blanářová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Markéta Picková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center FNUSA-ICRC, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ráchel Víchová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gybeľ
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Kaiser
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Demková
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kučerová
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Bárta
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potěšil
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center FNUSA-ICRC, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
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26
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Nurzat Y, Su W, Min P, Li K, Xu H, Zhang Y. Identification of Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Biomarkers Among Integrin Subunits in the Skin Cutaneous Melanoma Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:751875. [PMID: 34660316 PMCID: PMC8514842 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.751875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of different integrin alpha/beta (ITGA/ITGB) subunits in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and their underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. Oncomine, UALCAN, GEPIA, STRING, GeneMANIA, cBioPortal, TIMER, TRRUST, and Webgestalt analysis tools were used. The expression levels of ITGA3, ITGA4, ITGA6, ITGA10, ITGB1, ITGB2, ITGB3, ITGB4, and ITGB7 were significantly increased in SKCM tissues. The expression levels of ITGA1, ITGA4, ITGA5, ITGA8, ITGA9, ITGA10, ITGB1, ITGB2, ITGB3, ITGB5, ITGB6 and ITGB7 were closely associated with SKCM metastasis. The expression levels of ITGA1, ITGA4, ITGB1, ITGB2, ITGB6, and ITGB7 were closely associated with the pathological stage of SKCM. The expression levels of ITGA6 and ITGB7 were closely associated with disease-free survival time in SKCM, and the expression levels of ITGA6, ITGA10, ITGB2, ITGB3, ITGB6, ITGB7, and ITGB8 were markedly associated with overall survival in SKCM. We also found significant correlations between the expression of integrin subunits and the infiltration of six types of immune cells (B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells). Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed. We have identified abnormally-expressed genes and gene regulatory networks associated with SKCM, improving understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeltai Nurzat
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Su
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiru Min
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Potrony M, Haddad TS, Tell-Martí G, Gimenez-Xavier P, Leon C, Pevida M, Mateu J, Badenas C, Carrera C, Malvehy J, Aguilera P, Llames S, Escámez MJ, Puig-Butillé JA, Del Río M, Puig S. DNA Repair and Immune Response Pathways Are Deregulated in Melanocyte-Keratinocyte Co-cultures Derived From the Healthy Skin of Familial Melanoma Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:692341. [PMID: 34660619 PMCID: PMC8517393 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.692341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial melanoma accounts for 10% of cases, being CDKN2A the main high-risk gene. However, the mechanisms underlying melanomagenesis in these cases remain poorly understood. Our aim was to analyze the transcriptome of melanocyte-keratinocyte co-cultures derived from healthy skin from familial melanoma patients vs. controls, to unveil pathways involved in melanoma development in at-risk individuals. Accordingly, primary melanocyte-keratinocyte co-cultures were established from the healthy skin biopsies of 16 unrelated familial melanoma patients (8 CDKN2A mutant, 8 CDKN2A wild-type) and 7 healthy controls. Whole transcriptome was captured using the SurePrint G3 Human Microarray. Transcriptome analyses included: differential gene expression, functional enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. We identified a gene profile associated with familial melanoma independently of CDKN2A germline status. Functional enrichment analysis of this profile showed a downregulation of pathways related to DNA repair and immune response in familial melanoma (P < 0.05). In addition, the PPI network analysis revealed a network that consisted of double-stranded DNA repair genes (including BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, and FANCA), immune response genes, and regulation of chromosome segregation. The hub gene was BRCA1. In conclusion, the constitutive deregulation of BRCA1 pathway genes and the immune response in healthy skin could be a mechanism related to melanoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Potrony
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tariq Sami Haddad
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Tell-Martí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Gimenez-Xavier
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Leon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.,Cátedra de Medicina Regenerativa y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pevida
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Tissue Engineering Unit, Centro Comunitario de Sangre y Tejidos de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario Fdez-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Judit Mateu
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Badenas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Aguilera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Llames
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cátedra de Medicina Regenerativa y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Tissue Engineering Unit, Centro Comunitario de Sangre y Tejidos de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario Fdez-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maria José Escámez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.,Cátedra de Medicina Regenerativa y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Mediambientales y Tecnonlógicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan A Puig-Butillé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biology Core, Biomedical Diagnostic Center, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcela Del Río
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.,Cátedra de Medicina Regenerativa y Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Mediambientales y Tecnonlógicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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PRAMEF2-mediated dynamic regulation of YAP signaling promotes tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105523118. [PMID: 34593639 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105523118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PRAMEF2 is a member of the PRAME multigene family of cancer testis antigens, which serve as prognostic markers for several cancers. However, molecular mechanisms underlying its role in tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we report that PRAMEF2 is repressed under conditions of altered metabolic homeostasis in a FOXP3-dependent manner. We further demonstrate that PRAMEF2 is a BC-box containing substrate recognition subunit of Cullin 2-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. PRAMEF2 mediates polyubiquitylation of LATS1 kinase of the Hippo/YAP pathway, leading to its proteasomal degradation. The site for ubiquitylation was mapped to the conserved Lys860 residue in LATS1. Furthermore, LATS1 degradation promotes enhanced nuclear accumulation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP, resulting in increased expression of proliferative and metastatic genes. Thus, PRAMEF2 promotes malignant phenotype in a YAP-dependent manner. Additionally, elevated PRAMEF2 levels correlate with increased nuclear accumulation of YAP in advanced grades of breast carcinoma. These findings highlight the pivotal role of PRAMEF2 in tumorigenesis and provide mechanistic insight into YAP regulation.
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29
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Han W, Wu YZ, Zhao XY, Gong ZH, Shen GL. Integrative Analysis of Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins and Their Prognostic Significance in Melanoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:715173. [PMID: 34490114 PMCID: PMC8417415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.715173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) is known for participating in cell cycle progression, as well as DNA replication. While the diverse expression patterns and prognostic values of MCMs in melanoma still remained unclear. Methods In the present study, the transcriptional and clinical profiles of MCMs were explored in patients with melanoma from multiple databases, including GEO, TCGA, ONCOMINE, GEPIA, UALCAN, cBioPortal, and TIMER databases. Results We found that the elevated expressions of MCM2–6 and MCM10 were significantly expressed in melanoma compared to normal skin. High mRNA levels of MCM4, MCM5, and MCM10 were closely related to worse prognosis in patients with melanoma. GSEA showed hallmark pathways were most involved in mTORC1 signaling, G2M checkpoint, E2F targets, and mitotic spindle. Furthermore, we found potential correlations between the MCM expression and the immune cell infiltration, including B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Conclusion Upregulated MCM gene expression in melanoma probably played a crucial part in the development and progression of melanoma. The upregulated MCM4/5/10 expressions could be used as potential prognostic markers to improve the poor outcome and prognostic accuracy in patients with melanoma. Our study might shed light on the selection of prognostic biomarkers as well as the underlying molecular pathogenesis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Zhu Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Gong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Guo-Liang Shen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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30
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Šekoranja D, Hawlina G, Pižem J. PRAME expression in melanocytic lesions of the conjunctiva. Histopathology 2021; 79:989-996. [PMID: 34268800 DOI: 10.1111/his.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) is a tumour-associated antigen that is preferentially strongly expressed in most cutaneous melanomas but not or only focally in nevi. Our aim was to evaluate PRAME expression in melanocytic lesions of the conjunctiva. METHODS AND RESULTS Surgical specimens of 114 conjunctival melanocytic nevi of different types (including 67 common, 25 combined deep penetrating and 21 inflamed juvenile nevi), 30 invasive melanomas, 10 in situ melanomas, 23 primary acquired melanoses (PAM) without atypia and 11 PAM with atypia were analysed for PRAME expression by immunohistochemistry. Nuclear positivity for PRAME in melanocytes was assessed as the percentage of positive nuclei: negative (0%), 1+ (1-25%), 2+ (26-50%), 3+ (51-75%) and 4+ (>75%). In 113 of 114 conjunctival melanocytic nevi, PRAME was either completely negative or focally 1+ positive. Diffuse 4+ PRAME expression was identified in 17 of 30 (57%) invasive melanomas, 7 of 10 (70%) in situ melanomas, 4 of 5 (80%) PAM with severe atypia, 0 of 3 PAM with moderate atypia, 0 od 3 PAM with mild atypia, 1 of 23 (4%) PAM without atypia and 0 of 114 nevi. Diffuse 4+ PRAME expression in invasive melanomas correlated with a higher mitotic count but was not related to age and gender of the patients, Breslow thickness, location or mutational status. CONCLUSION Diffuse 4+ PRAME positivity is highly specific for malignant conjunctival melanocytic lesions. PRAME is therefore a useful ancillary marker to support the diagnosis of a suspected conjunctival melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daja Šekoranja
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Hawlina
- Eye Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Pižem
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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31
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Nalamalapu RR, Yue M, Stone AR, Murphy S, Saha MS. The tweety Gene Family: From Embryo to Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:672511. [PMID: 34262434 PMCID: PMC8273234 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.672511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tweety genes encode gated chloride channels that are found in animals, plants, and even simple eukaryotes, signifying their deep evolutionary origin. In vertebrates, the tweety gene family is highly conserved and consists of three members—ttyh1, ttyh2, and ttyh3—that are important for the regulation of cell volume. While research has elucidated potential physiological functions of ttyh1 in neural stem cell maintenance, proliferation, and filopodia formation during neural development, the roles of ttyh2 and ttyh3 are less characterized, though their expression patterns during embryonic and fetal development suggest potential roles in the development of a wide range of tissues including a role in the immune system in response to pathogen-associated molecules. Additionally, members of the tweety gene family have been implicated in various pathologies including cancers, particularly pediatric brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Here, we review the current state of research using information from published articles and open-source databases on the tweety gene family with regard to its structure, evolution, expression during development and adulthood, biochemical and cellular functions, and role in human disease. We also identify promising areas for further research to advance our understanding of this important, yet still understudied, family of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rithvik R Nalamalapu
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Michelle Yue
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Aaron R Stone
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Samantha Murphy
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Margaret S Saha
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
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32
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Clinical and Molecular Heterogeneity in Patients with Innate Resistance to Anti-PD-1 +/- Anti-CTLA-4 Immunotherapy in Metastatic Melanoma Reveals Distinct Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133186. [PMID: 34202352 PMCID: PMC8267740 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune checkpoint therapies have significantly improved the survival of patients with metastatic melanoma, however approximately 50% of patients exhibit no response. Understanding the underlying clinical, pathologic and genetic factors associated with failed response to immunotherapies is key to identifying therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance. Here, we investigated the baseline tumour characteristics of patients with innate resistance to anti-PD-1-based immunotherapies. This study is the first on non-responders to integrate detailed clinical and molecular analyses and has identified two distinct clusters of patients with clinically relevant key targetable proteins. Abstract While immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the CTLA-4 and PD-1 receptors have significantly improved outcomes of many patients with metastatic melanoma, there remains a group of patients who demonstrate no benefit. In this study, we sought to characterise patients who do not respond to anti-PD-1-based therapies based on their clinical, genetic and immune profiles. Forty patients with metastatic melanoma who did not respond to anti-PD-1 +/− anti-CTLA-4 treatment were identified. Targeted RNA sequencing (n = 37) was performed on pretreatment formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) melanoma specimens. Patients clustered into two groups based on the expression profiles of 26 differentially expressed genes: an immune gene rich group (n = 17) expressing genes associated with immune and T cell signalling, and a second group (n = 20) expressing genes associated with metabolism, signal transduction and neuronal signalling. Multiplex immunohistochemistry validated significantly higher densities of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and macrophages in the immune gene-rich group. This TIL-high subset of patients also demonstrated higher expression of alternative immune-regulatory drug targets compared to the TIL-low group. Patients were also subdivided into rapid progressors and other progressors (cut-off 2 mo progression-free survival), with significantly lower TILs (p = 0.04) and CD68+ macrophages (p = 0.0091) in the rapid progressors. Furthermore, a trend towards a higher tumour burden was observed in rapid progressors (p = 0.06). These data highlight the need for a personalised and multilayer (clinical and molecular) approach for identifying the most appropriate treatments for anti-PD-1 resistant patients and provides insight into how individual treatment strategies can be achieved.
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33
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Wang J. Prognostic score model-based signature genes for predicting the prognosis of metastatic skin cutaneous melanoma. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:5125-5145. [PMID: 34517481 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the most invasive malignancy of skin cancer. Metastasis to distant lymph nodes or other system is an indicator of poor prognosis in melanoma patients. The aim of this study was to identify reliable prognostic biomarkers for SKCMs. METHODS Four RNA-sequencing datasets associated with SKCMs were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database as well as corresponding clinical information. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between primary and metastatic samples by using MetaDE tool. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to screen functional modules. A prognostic score (PS)-based predictive model and nomogram model were constructed to identify signature genes and independent clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS Based on MetaDE analysis and WGCNA, a total of 456 overlapped genes were identified as hub genes related to SKCMs progression. Functional enrichment analysis revealed these genes were mainly involved in the hippo signaling pathway, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, pathways in cancer. In addition, eight optimal DEGs (RFPL1S, CTSV, EGLN3, etc.) were identified as signature genes by using PS model. Cox regression analysis revealed that pathologic stage T, N and recurrence were independent prognostic factors. Three clinical factors and PS status were incorporated to construct a nomogram predictive model for estimating the three years and five-year survival probability of individuals. CONCLUSIONS The prognosis prediction model of this study may provide a promising method for decision making in clinic and prognosis predicting of SKCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, Donghai County People's Hospital, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu 222300, China
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34
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Malvi P, Janostiak R, Nagarajan A, Zhang X, Wajapeyee N. N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1 promotes melanoma growth and metastasis by suppressing peroxisome biogenesis-induced ROS production. Mol Metab 2021; 48:101217. [PMID: 33766731 PMCID: PMC8081993 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic deregulation is a key hallmark of cancer cells and has been shown to drive cancer growth and metastasis. However, not all metabolic drivers of melanoma are known. Based on our finding that N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1 (ASAH1) is overexpressed in melanoma, the objective of these studies was to establish its role in melanoma tumor growth and metastasis, understand its mechanism of action, and evaluate ASAH1 targeting for melanoma therapy. METHODS We used publicly available melanoma datasets and patient-derived samples of melanoma and normal skin tissue and analyzed them for ASAH1 mRNA expression and ASAH1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry. ASAH1 was knocked down using short-hairpin RNAs in multiple melanoma cell lines that were tested in a series of cell culture-based assays and mouse-based melanoma xenograft assays to monitor the effect of ASAH1 knockdown on melanoma tumor growth and metastasis. An unbiased metabolomics analysis was performed to identify the mechanism of ASAH1 action. Based on the metabolomics findings, the role of peroxisome-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was explored in regard to mediating the effect of ASAH1. The ASAH1 inhibitor was used alone or in combination with a BRAFV600E inhibitor to evaluate the therapeutic value of ASAH1 targeting for melanoma therapy. RESULTS We determined that ASAH1 was overexpressed in a large percentage of melanoma cells and regulated by transcription factor E2F1 in a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway-dependent manner. ASAH1 expression was necessary to maintain melanoma tumor growth and metastatic attributes in cell cultures and mouse models of melanoma tumor growth and metastasis. To identify the mechanism by which ASAH1 facilitates melanoma tumor growth and metastasis, we performed a large-scale and unbiased metabolomics analysis of melanoma cells expressing ASAH1 short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). We found that ASAH1 inhibition increased peroxisome biogenesis through ceramide-mediated PPARγ activation. ASAH1 loss increased ceramide and peroxisome-derived ROS, which in turn inhibited melanoma growth. Pharmacological inhibition of ASAH1 also attenuated melanoma growth and enhanced the effectiveness of BRAF kinase inhibitor in the cell cultures and mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results demonstrate that ASAH1 is a druggable driver of melanoma tumor growth and metastasis that functions by suppressing peroxisome biogenesis, thereby inhibiting peroxisome-derived ROS production. These studies also highlight the therapeutic utility of ASAH1 inhibitors for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmanand Malvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, USA
| | - Radoslav Janostiak
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Arvindhan Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, USA.
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35
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Gradecki SE, Valdes-Rodriguez R, Wick MR, Gru AA. PRAME immunohistochemistry as an adjunct for diagnosis and histological margin assessment in lentigo maligna. Histopathology 2021; 78:1000-1008. [PMID: 33280156 DOI: 10.1111/his.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lentigo maligna (LM), the most common type of melanoma in situ, is a diagnostically challenging lesion for pathologists due to abundant background melanocytic hyperplasia in sun-damaged skin. Currently, no laboratory methods reliably distinguish benign from malignant melanocytes. However, preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) has shown promise in this regard, and could potentially be applied to diagnosis and margin assessment in difficult cases of LM. METHODS AND RESULTS Ninety-six cases with a diagnosis of LM (n = 77) or no residual LM (n = 19) following initial biopsy were identified and stained with an antibody directed towards PRAME. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was scored as positive or negative, and measurement of histological margins by PRAME was performed and compared to the measurement of histological margins using conventional methods [haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and/or sex-determining region Y-box 10 (SOX10) and/or Melan-A]. Of cases with LM, 93.5% (72 of 77) were PRAME+ and 94.7% (18 of 19) of cases with no residual LM were PRAME- . Of the 35 cases with no margin involvement by PRAME or conventional assessment, 14 cases (40.0%) had no difference in measurement, 17 (48.6%) had a difference of 1 mm or less and four (11.4%) differed by between 1 and 3.5 mm. There was a high correlation between margin assessment methods (r = 0.97, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS PRAME IHC is a sensitive (93.5%) and specific (94.7%) method for diagnosing LM on biopsy and excision, and measurement of histological margins by PRAME shows a high correlation with conventional methods for margin assessment. Furthermore, the nuclear expression of PRAME makes it a good target for use in dual-colour IHC stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gradecki
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Mark R Wick
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alejandro A Gru
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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36
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Ullah R, Yin Q, Snell AH, Wan L. RAF-MEK-ERK pathway in cancer evolution and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:123-154. [PMID: 33992782 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The RAF-MEK-ERK signaling cascade is a well-characterized MAPK pathway involved in cell proliferation and survival. The three-layered MAPK signaling cascade is initiated upon RTK and RAS activation. Three RAF isoforms ARAF, BRAF and CRAF, and their downstream MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 kinases constitute a coherently orchestrated signaling module that directs a range of physiological functions. Genetic alterations in this pathway are among the most prevalent in human cancers, which consist of numerous hot-spot mutations such as BRAFV600E. Oncogenic mutations in this pathway often override otherwise tightly regulated checkpoints to open the door for uncontrolled cell growth and neoplasia. The crosstalk between the RAF-MEK-ERK axis and other signaling pathways further extends the proliferative potential of this pathway in human cancers. In this review, we summarize the molecular architecture and physiological functions of the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway with emphasis on its dysregulations in human cancers, as well as the efforts made to target the RAF-MEK-ERK module using small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Aidan H Snell
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA; Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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37
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Kern CH, Yang M, Liu WS. The PRAME family of cancer testis antigens is essential for germline development and gametogenesis†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:290-304. [PMID: 33880503 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) belongs to a group of cancer/testis antigens that are predominately expressed in the testis and a variety of tumors, and are involved in immunity and reproduction. Much of the attention on PRAME has centered on cancer biology as PRAME is a prognostic biomarker for a wide range of cancers and a potential immunotherapeutic target. Less information is available about the PRAME family's function (s) during gametogenesis and in the overall reproduction process. Here, we review the current knowledge of the PRAME gene family and its function in germline development and gametogenesis. Members of the PRAME family are leucine rich repeat proteins, localized in nucleus and cytoplasm, with multifaceted roles in germ cells. As transcriptional regulators, the PRAME family proteins are involved in germline development, particularly in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency, development of primordial germ cells, and differentiation/proliferation of spermatogenic and oogenic cells. The PRAME family proteins are also enriched in cytoplasmic organelles, such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi vesicle, germinal granules, centrioles, and play a role in the formation of the acrosome and sperm tail during spermiogenesis. The PRAME gene family remains transcriptionally active in the germline throughout the entire life cycle and is essential for gametogenesis, with some members specific to either male or female germ cells, while others are involved in both male and female gametogenesis. A potential molecular mechanism that underlies the function of PRAME, and is shared by gametogenesis and oncogenesis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandlar H Kern
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health (CRBH), College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health (CRBH), College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Wan-Sheng Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health (CRBH), College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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38
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Shami Shah A, Cao X, White AC, Baskin JM. PLEKHA4 Promotes Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling-Mediated G 1-S Transition and Proliferation in Melanoma. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2029-2043. [PMID: 33574086 PMCID: PMC8137570 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent promising advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, patients with melanoma incur substantial mortality. In particular, inhibitors targeting BRAF-mutant melanoma can lead to resistance, and no targeted therapies exist for NRAS-mutant melanoma, motivating the search for additional therapeutic targets and vulnerable pathways. Here we identify a regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, PLEKHA4, as a factor required for melanoma proliferation and survival. PLEKHA4 knockdown in vitro decreased Dishevelled levels, attenuated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and blocked progression through the G1-S cell-cycle transition. In mouse xenograft and allograft models, inducible PLEKHA4 knockdown attenuated tumor growth in BRAF- and NRAS-mutant melanomas and exhibited an additive effect with the clinically used inhibitor encorafenib in a BRAF-mutant model. As an E3 ubiquitin ligase regulator with both lipid- and protein-binding partners, PLEKHA4 presents several opportunities for targeting with small molecules. Our work identifies PLEKHA4 as a promising drug target for melanoma and clarifies a controversial role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the control of melanoma proliferation. SIGNIFICANCE: This study establishes that melanoma cell proliferation requires the protein PLEKHA4 to promote pathologic Wnt signaling for proliferation, highlighting PLEKHA4 inhibition as a new avenue for the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Shami Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Xiaofu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Andrew C White
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jeremy M Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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de Semir D, Bezrookove V, Nosrati M, Dar AA, Miller JR, Leong SP, Kim KB, Liao W, Soroceanu L, McAllister S, Debs RJ, Schadendorf D, Leachman SA, Cleaver JE, Kashani-Sabet M. Nuclear Receptor Coactivator NCOA3 Regulates UV Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Melanoma Susceptibility. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2956-2969. [PMID: 33766890 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma occurs as a consequence of inherited susceptibility to the disease and exposure to UV radiation (UVR) and is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation and a high mutational load. The precise mechanisms by which UVR contributes to the development of melanoma remain poorly understood. Here we show that activation of nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3) promotes melanomagenesis through regulation of UVR sensitivity, cell-cycle progression, and circumvention of the DNA damage response (DDR). Downregulation of NCOA3 expression, either by genetic silencing or small-molecule inhibition, significantly suppressed melanoma proliferation in melanoma cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. NCOA3 silencing suppressed expression of xeroderma pigmentosum C and increased melanoma cell sensitivity to UVR. Suppression of NCOA3 expression led to activation of DDR effectors and reduced expression of cyclin B1, resulting in G2-M arrest and mitotic catastrophe. A SNP in NCOA3 (T960T) reduced NCOA3 protein expression and was associated with decreased melanoma risk, given a significantly lower prevalence in a familial melanoma cohort than in a control cohort without cancer. Overexpression of wild-type NCOA3 promoted melanocyte survival following UVR and was accompanied by increased levels of UVR-induced DNA damage, both of which were attenuated by overexpression of NCOA3 (T960T). These results describe NCOA3-regulated pathways by which melanoma can develop, with germline NCOA3 polymorphisms enabling enhanced melanocyte survival in the setting of UVR exposure, despite an increased mutational burden. They also identify NCOA3 as a novel therapeutic target for melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE: This study explores NCOA3 as a regulator of the DDR and a therapeutic target in melanoma, where activation of NCOA3 contributes to melanoma development following exposure to ultraviolet light.
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Affiliation(s)
- David de Semir
- Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Vladimir Bezrookove
- Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Mehdi Nosrati
- Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Altaf A Dar
- Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - James R Miller
- Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Stanley P Leong
- Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Kevin B Kim
- Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Wilson Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Liliana Soroceanu
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Sean McAllister
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert J Debs
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sancy A Leachman
- Department of Dermatology and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - James E Cleaver
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mohammed Kashani-Sabet
- Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California. .,California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
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Cao H, Quan S, Zhang L, Chen Y, Jiao G. BMPR2 expression level is correlated with low immune infiltration and predicts metastasis and poor survival in osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:391. [PMID: 33777214 PMCID: PMC7988701 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in adolescents and young adults, and identifying biomarkers for prognosis and therapy is necessary. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) is involved in various cellular functions, including cell adhesion, proliferation and invasion, inflammation, apoptosis and metastatic spread. However, the correlation between BMPR2 expression levels and prognosis and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in osteosarcoma is not well understood. In the present study, the expression level of BMPR2 was investigated using the Oncomine and R2 databases. The association between the expression level of BMPR2 and the clinical prognosis of patients with cancer was analyzed using the R2 database. The relationship between the expression level of BMPR2 and immune cell infiltration in the stroma of osteosarcoma was assessed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and CIBERSORT. The correlations between BMPR2 expression level and infiltrated immune cell gene marker sets in osteosarcoma were validated in the TIMER and R2 databases. Analysis of a cohort of patients with osteosarcoma revealed that BMPR2 expression was significantly higher in osteosarcoma compared with in normal tissue and was correlated with poor prognosis. M0 macrophages, M2 macrophages, resting mast, γ δ T and CD8+ T cells were the top five immune cells with the highest degrees of infiltration in osteosarcoma. In addition, BMPR2 expression level showed a significant negative correlation with the gene markers of CD8+ T cells, monocytes and M2 macrophages. Low levels of infiltrating CD8+ T cells, monocytes or M2 macrophages in osteosarcoma was significantly associated with poor survival. These data suggested that CD8+ T cells, monocytes and M2 macrophages play significant roles in the establishment of the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma. High BMPR2 expression was associated with poor prognosis and low infiltration of CD8+ T cells, monocytes and M2 macrophages in osteosarcoma. Hence, BMPR2 can be considered a biomarker of the immune infiltration, metastasis and prognosis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Quan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Spine and Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Spine and Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Guangjun Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Spine and Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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41
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Zhou X, Peng M, He Y, Peng J, Zhang X, Wang C, Xia X, Song W. CXC Chemokines as Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Biomarkers in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:619003. [PMID: 33767987 PMCID: PMC7985846 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.619003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM) is a tumor of the epidermal melanocytes induced by gene activation or mutation. It is the result of the interaction between genetic, constitutional, and environmental factors. SKCM is highly aggressive and is the most threatening skin tumor. The incidence of the disease is increasing year by year, and it is the main cause of death in skin tumors around the world. CXC chemokines in the tumor microenvironment can regulate the transport of immune cells and the activity of tumor cells, thus playing an anti-tumor immunological role and affecting the prognosis of patients. However, the expression level of CXC chemokine in SKCM and its effect on prognosis are still unclear. Method Oncomine, UALCAN, GEPIA, STRING, GeneMANIA, cBioPortal, TIMER, TRRUST, DAVID 6.8, and Metascape were applied in our research. Result The transcription of CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL13 in SKCM tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues. The pathological stage of SKCM patients is closely related to the expression of CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, and CXCL13. The prognosis of SKCM patients with low transcription levels of CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL13 is better. The differential expression of CXC chemokines is mainly associated with inflammatory response, immune response, and cytokine mediated signaling pathways. Our data indicate that the key transcription factors of CXC chemokines are RELA, NF-κB1 and SP1. The targets of CXC chemokines are mainly LCK, LYN, SYK, MAPK2, MAPK12, and ART. The relationship between CXC chemokine expression and immune cell infiltration in SKCM was closed. Conclusions Our research provides a basis for screening SKCM biomarkers, predicting prognosis, and choosing immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Manjuan Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjie Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weitao Song
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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42
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Palma SD, McConnell A, Verganti S, Starkey M. Review on Canine Oral Melanoma: An Undervalued Authentic Genetic Model of Human Oral Melanoma? Vet Pathol 2021; 58:881-889. [PMID: 33685309 DOI: 10.1177/0300985821996658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral melanoma (OM) is a highly aggressive tumor of the oral cavity in humans and dogs. Here we review the phenotypic similarities between the disease in these 2 species as the basis for the view that canine OM is a good model for the corresponding human disease. Utility of the "canine model" has likely been hindered by a paucity of information about the extent of the molecular genetic similarities between human and canine OMs. Current knowledge of the somatic alterations that underpin human tumorigenesis and metastatic progression is relatively limited, primarily due to the rarity of the disease in humans and consequent lack of opportunity for large-scale molecular analysis. The molecular genetic comparisons between human and canine OMs that have been completed indicate some overlap between the somatic mutation profiles of canine OMs and a subset of human OMs. However, further comparative studies featuring, in particular, larger numbers of human OMs are required to provide substantive evidence that canine OMs share mechanisms of tumorigenesis with at least a subset of human OMs. Future molecular genetic investigations of both human and canine OMs should investigate how primary tumors develop a metastatic gene expression signature and the genetic and epigenetic alterations specific to metastatic sites. Such studies may identify genetic alterations and pathways specific to the metastatic disease which could be targetable by new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Verganti
- 170851Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Mike Starkey
- 11661Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
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43
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Jang JH, Kim DH, Surh YJ. Dynamic roles of inflammasomes in inflammatory tumor microenvironment. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:18. [PMID: 33686176 PMCID: PMC7940484 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory tumor microenvironment has been known to be closely connected to all stages of cancer development, including initiation, promotion, and progression. Systemic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment is increasingly being recognized as an important prognostic marker in cancer patients. Inflammasomes are master regulators in the first line of host defense for the initiation of innate immune responses. Inflammasomes sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, following recruitment of immune cells into infection sites. Therefore, dysregulated expression/activation of inflammasomes is implicated in pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory disorders. Recent studies have demonstrated that inflammasomes play a vital role in regulating the development and progression of cancer. This review focuses on fate-determining roles of the inflammasomes and the principal downstream effector cytokine, IL-1β, in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Jang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- grid.411203.50000 0001 0691 2332Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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44
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Wu X, Zhao J. Novel oxidative stress-related prognostic biomarkers for melanoma associated with tumor metastasis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24866. [PMID: 33663112 PMCID: PMC7909214 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a prevalent skin cancer whose metastatic form is dangerous due to its high morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have systematically established the vital role of oxidative stress (OS) in melanoma progression. This study aimed to identify prognostic OS genes closely associated with SKCM and illustrate their potential mechanisms. Transcriptome data and corresponding clinical traits of patients with SKCM were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to identify relationships between clinical features and OS genes in specific modules. Subsequently, Cox regression analysis was performed on candidate OS genes; four hub prognosis-associated OS genes (AKAP9, VPS13C, ACSL4, and HMOX2) were identified to construct a prognostic model. After a series of bioinformatics analysis, our prognostic model was identified significantly associated with the overall survival of patients with SKCM and metastatic ability of the cancer. Furthermore, our risk model demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy in the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus cohorts. In addition, we established 2 nomograms based on either risk score or hub genes, which displayed favorable discriminating ability for SKCM. Our results provide novel insight into the potential applications of OS-associated genes in SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Hand Surgery
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Hand Surgery
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
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45
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Kotwica-Mojzych K, Jodłowska-Jędrych B, Mojzych M. CD200:CD200R Interactions and Their Importance in Immunoregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041602. [PMID: 33562512 PMCID: PMC7915401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecule CD200, described many years ago as a naturally occurring immunomodulatory agent, capable of regulating inflammation and transplant rejection, has attracted additional interest over the past years with the realization that it may also serve as an important marker for progressive malignancy. A large body of evidence also supports the hypothesis that this molecule can contribute to immunoregulation of, among other diseases, infection, autoimmune disease and allergy. New data have also come to light to characterize the receptors for CD200 (CD200R) and their potential mechanism(s) of action at the biochemical level, as well as the description of a novel natural antagonist of CD200, lacking the NH2-terminal region of the full-length molecule. Significant controversies exist concerning the relative importance of CD200 as a ligand for all reported CD200Rs. Nevertheless, some progress has been made in the identification of the structural constraints determining the interaction between CD200 and CD200R, and this information has in turn proved of use in developing novel small molecule agonists/antagonists of the interaction. The review below highlights many of these newer findings, and attempts to place them in the broad context of our understanding of the role of CD200-CD200R interactions in a variety of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
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46
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Lohman ME, Steen AJ, Grekin RC, North JP. The utility of PRAME staining in identifying malignant transformation of melanocytic nevi. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:856-862. [PMID: 33433032 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME) immunohistochemical (IHC) staining is used to aid melanoma diagnosis. PRAME expression in nevus-associated melanoma (NAM) has not been evaluated. METHODS PRAME IHC was applied to cases of NAM; staining for each population of melanocytes (benign and malignant) was graded based on the percentage of labeled cells. No labeling was graded 0, 1% to 25% labeling was 1+, 26% to 50% was 2+, 51% to 75% was 3+, and >76% was 4+. RESULTS Thirty-six cases were reviewed. Sixty-seven percent (24/36) of melanomas were PRAME positive (4+) while no (0/36) nevi showed 4+ positivity. Eighty-one percent (29/36) of nevi were completely PRAME negative compared to 17% (6/36) of melanomas. In 67% of cases (24/36) PRAME differentiated between benign and malignant melanocyte populations. CONCLUSIONS We identified a high rate (67%) of differential PRAME staining in adjacent benign and malignant melanocyte populations in NAM. In PRAME positive (4+) melanomas, PRAME differentiates 100% (24/24) of benign and malignant melanocyte populations. When 4+ staining is used as the threshold for positivity, PRAME staining has a sensitivity of 67% (24/36) and a specificity of 100% (36/36). These results support PRAME IHC can assist in distinguishing melanocyte populations in melanoma arising within nevi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Lohman
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aaron J Steen
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roy C Grekin
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey P North
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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47
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Henriques AC, Silva PMA, Sarmento B, Bousbaa H. The Mad2-Binding Protein p31 comet as a Potential Target for Human Cancer Therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:401-415. [PMID: 33511944 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210129095726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism that prevents mitotic exit at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition until all chromosomes have established correct bipolar attachment to spindle microtubules. Activation of SAC relies on the assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which requires conformational change from inactive open Mad2 (OMad2) to the active closed Mad2 (C-Mad2) at unattached kinetochores. The Mad2-binding protein p31comet plays a key role in controlling timely mitotic exit by promoting SAC silencing, through preventing Mad2 activation and promoting MCC disassembly. Besides, increasing evidences highlight the p31comet potential as target for cancer therapy. Here, we provide an updated overview of the functional significance of p31comet in mitotic progression, and discuss the potential of deregulated expression of p31comet in cancer and in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Henriques
- Instituto de Investigacao e Formacao Avancada em Ciencias e Tecnologias da Saude, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias da Saude, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M A Silva
- Instituto de Investigacao e Formacao Avancada em Ciencias e Tecnologias da Saude, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias da Saude, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Instituto de Investigacao e Formacao Avancada em Ciencias e Tecnologias da Saude, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias da Saude, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- Instituto de Investigacao e Formacao Avancada em Ciencias e Tecnologias da Saude, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias da Saude, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
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48
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Chen B, Sun D, Qin X, Gao XH. Screening and identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic drugs in melanoma via integrated bioinformatics analysis. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:928-948. [PMID: 33501609 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive malignant skin tumor with a high rate of metastasis and mortality. In this study, a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was used to clarify the hub genes and potential drugs. Download the GSE3189, GSE22301, and GSE35388 microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), which contains a total of 33 normal samples and 67 melanoma samples. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) approach analyze DEGs based on the DAVID. Use STRING to construct protein-protein interaction network, and use MCODE and cytoHubba plug-ins in Cytoscape to perform module analysis and identified hub genes. Use Gene Expression Profile Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) to assess the prognosis of genes in tumors. Finally, use the Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb) to screen targeted drugs related to hub genes. A total of 140 overlapping DEGs were identified from the three microarray datasets, including 59 up-regulated DEGs and 81 down-regulated DEGs. GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs are mainly involved in the biological process such as positive regulation of gene expression, positive regulation of cell proliferation, positive regulation of MAP kinase activity, cell migration, and negative regulation of the apoptotic process. The cellular components are concentrated in the membrane, dendritic spine, the perinuclear region of cytoplasm, extracellular exosome, and membrane raft. Molecular functions include protein homodimerization activity, calmodulin-binding, transcription factor binding, protein binding, and cytoskeletal protein binding. KEGG pathway analysis shows that these DEGs are mainly related to protein digestion and absorption, PPAR signaling pathway, signaling pathways regulating stem cells' pluripotency, and Retinol metabolism. The 23 most closely related DEGs were identified from the PPI network and combined with the GEPIA prognostic analysis, CDH3, ESRP1, FGF2, GBP2, KCNN4, KIT, SEMA4D, and ZEB1 were selected as hub genes, which are considered to be associated with poor prognosis of melanoma closely related. Besides, ten related drugs that may have therapeutic effects on melanoma were also screened. These newly discovered genes and drugs provide new ideas for further research on melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Donghong Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiuni Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
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Li J, Shu XL, Shao Q, Luo Q, Diao QC, Zhang X, Sui JD, Guo J, Tao D, Zhou X, Wang Y, Wang C. Transcriptional E2F1/2/3/6 as potential prognostic biomarkers in cutaneous melanoma. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:420-433. [PMID: 33527034 PMCID: PMC7847504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the abnormal expression of members of the E2F family has been reported to participate in carcinogenesis in many human types of cancer, the bioinformatics role of the E2F family in melanoma is unknown. This research was designed to detect the expression, methylation, prognostic value and potential effects of the E2F family in melanoma. We investigated E2F family mRNA expression from the Oncomine and GEPIA databases and their methylation status in the MethHC database. Meanwhile, we detected the relative E2F family expression levels by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to draw survival analysis charts, and gene functional enrichment analyses were applied through cBioPortal database analysis. E2F1/2/3/4/5/6 mRNA and proteins were clearly upregulated in cutaneous melanoma patients, and high expression levels of E2F1/2/3/6 were statistically related to high methylation levels. Increased mRNA expression of E2F1/2/3/6 was related to lower overall survival rates (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in cutaneous melanoma cases. Meanwhile, E2F1/2/3/6 carried out these effects through regulating multiple signaling pathways, including the MAPK, PI3K-Akt and p53 signaling pathways. Taking together, our findings suggest that E2F1/2/3/6 could act as potential targets for precision therapy in cutaneous melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalChongqing 400011, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Shu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Qing Shao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Qing-Chun Diao
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalChongqing 400011, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Jiang-Dong Sui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Dan Tao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Can Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
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50
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Qiu X, Hou QH, Shi QY, Jiang HX, Qin SY. Identification of Hub Prognosis-Associated Oxidative Stress Genes in Pancreatic Cancer Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Genet 2020; 11:595361. [PMID: 33363572 PMCID: PMC7753072 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.595361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intratumoral oxidative stress (OS) has been associated with the progression of various tumors. However, OS has not been considered a candidate therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer (PC) owing to the lack of validated biomarkers. Methods We compared gene expression profiles of PC samples and the transcriptome data of normal pancreas tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genome Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases to identify differentially expressed OS genes in PC. PC patients’ gene profile from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used as a validation cohort. Results A total of 148 differentially expressed OS-related genes in PC were used to construct a protein-protein interaction network. Univariate Cox regression analysis, least absolute shrinkage, selection operator analysis revealed seven hub prognosis-associated OS genes that served to construct a prognostic risk model. Based on integrated bioinformatics analyses, our prognostic model, whose diagnostic accuracy was validated in both cohorts, reliably predicted the overall survival of patients with PC and cancer progression. Further analysis revealed significant associations between seven hub gene expression levels and patient outcomes, which were validated at the protein level using the Human Protein Atlas database. A nomogram based on the expression of these seven hub genes exhibited prognostic value in PC. Conclusion Our study provides novel insights into PC pathogenesis and provides new genetic markers for prognosis prediction and clinical treatment personalization for PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qin-Han Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hai-Xing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shan-Yu Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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