1
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Kliewe F, Siegerist F, Hammer E, Al-Hasani J, Amling TRJ, Hollemann JZE, Schindler M, Drenic V, Simm S, Amann K, Daniel C, Lindenmeyer M, Hecker M, Völker U, Endlich N. Zyxin is important for the stability and function of podocytes, especially during mechanical stretch. Commun Biol 2024; 7:446. [PMID: 38605154 PMCID: PMC11009394 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Podocyte detachment due to mechanical stress is a common issue in hypertension-induced kidney disease. This study highlights the role of zyxin for podocyte stability and function. We have found that zyxin is significantly up-regulated in podocytes after mechanical stretch and relocalizes from focal adhesions to actin filaments. In zyxin knockout podocytes, we found that the loss of zyxin reduced the expression of vinculin and VASP as well as the expression of matrix proteins, such as fibronectin. This suggests that zyxin is a central player in the translation of mechanical forces in podocytes. In vivo, zyxin is highly up-regulated in patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy and in hypertensive DOCA-salt treated mice. Furthermore, zyxin loss in mice resulted in proteinuria and effacement of podocyte foot processes that was measured by super resolution microscopy. This highlights the essential role of zyxin for podocyte maintenance in vitro and in vivo, especially under mechanical stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kliewe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Florian Siegerist
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jaafar Al-Hasani
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Maximilian Schindler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vedran Drenic
- NIPOKA GmbH, Center of High-End Imaging, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Simm
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology; Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology; Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- NIPOKA GmbH, Center of High-End Imaging, Greifswald, Germany
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2
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Faivre A, Dissard R, Kuo W, Verissimo T, Legouis D, Arnoux G, Heckenmeyer C, Fernandez M, Tihy M, Rajaram RD, Delitsikou V, Le NA, Spingler B, Mueller B, Shulz G, Lindenmeyer M, Cohen C, Rutkowski JM, Moll S, Scholz CC, Kurtcuoglu V, de Seigneux S. Evolution of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor asparaginyl hydroxylase regulation in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:2276-2288. [PMID: 37096392 PMCID: PMC10539236 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) during chronic kidney disease (CKD) are much debated. Interventional studies with HIF-α activation in rodents have yielded contradictory results. The HIF pathway is regulated by prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylases. While prolyl hydroxylase inhibition is a well-known method to stabilize HIF-α, little is known about the effect asparaginyl hydroxylase factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). METHODS We used a model of progressive proteinuric CKD and a model of obstructive nephropathy with unilateral fibrosis. In these models we assessed hypoxia with pimonidazole and vascularization with three-dimensional micro-computed tomography imaging. We analysed a database of 217 CKD biopsies from stage 1 to 5 and we randomly collected 15 CKD biopsies of various severity degrees to assess FIH expression. Finally, we modulated FIH activity in vitro and in vivo using a pharmacologic approach to assess its relevance in CKD. RESULTS In our model of proteinuric CKD, we show that early CKD stages are not characterized by hypoxia or HIF activation. At late CKD stages, some areas of hypoxia are observed, but these are not colocalizing with fibrosis. In mice and in humans, we observed a downregulation of the HIF pathway, together with an increased FIH expression in CKD, according to its severity. Modulating FIH in vitro affects cellular metabolism, as described previously. In vivo, pharmacologic FIH inhibition increases the glomerular filtration rate of control and CKD animals and is associated with decreased development of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The causative role of hypoxia and HIF activation in CKD progression is questioned. A pharmacological approach of FIH downregulation seems promising in proteinuric kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Faivre
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romain Dissard
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Willy Kuo
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Kidney. CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Verissimo
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Legouis
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Arnoux
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn Heckenmeyer
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marylise Fernandez
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Tihy
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Renuga D Rajaram
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vasiliki Delitsikou
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ngoc An Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bert Mueller
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Georg Shulz
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Micro- and Nanotomography Core Facility, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Solange Moll
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carsten C Scholz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Kidney. CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vartan Kurtcuoglu
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Kidney. CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Kidney. CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Zhao H, Wu D, Gyamfi MA, Wang P, Luecht C, Pfefferkorn AM, Ashraf MI, Kamhieh-Milz J, Witowski J, Dragun D, Budde K, Schindler R, Zickler D, Moll G, Catar R. Expanded Hemodialysis ameliorates uremia-induced impairment of vasculoprotective KLF2 and concomitant proinflammatory priming of endothelial cells through an ERK/AP1/cFOS-dependent mechanism. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209464. [PMID: 37795100 PMCID: PMC10546407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Expanded hemodialysis (HDx) therapy with improved molecular cut-off dialyzers exerts beneficial effects on lowering uremia-associated chronic systemic microinflammation, a driver of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hemodialysis (HD) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, studies on the underlying molecular mechanisms are still at an early stage. Here, we identify the (endothelial) transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) and its associated molecular signalling pathways as key targets and regulators of uremia-induced endothelial micro-inflammation in the HD/ESRD setting, which is crucial for vascular homeostasis and controlling detrimental vascular inflammation. Methods and results First, we found that human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) and other typical endothelial and kidney model cell lines (e.g. HUVECs, HREC, and HEK) exposed to uremic serum from patients treated with two different hemodialysis regimens in the Permeability Enhancement to Reduce Chronic Inflammation II (PERCI-II) crossover clinical trial - comparing High-Flux (HF) and Medium Cut-Off (MCO) membranes - exhibited strongly reduced expression of vasculoprotective KLF2 with HF dialyzers, while dialysis with MCO dialyzers led to the maintenance and restoration of physiological KLF2 levels in HMECs. Mechanistic follow-up revealed that the strong downmodulation of KLF2 in HMECs exposed to uremic serum was mediated by a dominant engagement of detrimental ERK instead of beneficial AKT signalling, with subsequent AP1-/c-FOS binding in the KLF2 promoter region, followed by the detrimental triggering of pleiotropic inflammatory mediators, while the introduction of a KLF2 overexpression plasmid could restore physiological KLF2 levels and downmodulate the detrimental vascular inflammation in a mechanistic rescue approach. Conclusion Uremia downmodulates vasculoprotective KLF2 in endothelium, leading to detrimental vascular inflammation, while MCO dialysis with the novel improved HDx therapy approach can maintain physiological levels of vasculoprotective KLF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dashan Wu
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Adu Gyamfi
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Pinchao Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Luecht
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Duska Dragun
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schindler
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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4
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Lindquist JA, Bernhardt A, Reichardt C, Sauter E, Brandt S, Rana R, Lindenmeyer MT, Philipsen L, Isermann B, Zhu C, Mertens PR. Cold Shock Domain Protein DbpA Orchestrates Tubular Cell Damage and Interstitial Fibrosis in Inflammatory Kidney Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1426. [PMID: 37408260 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-binding protein A (DbpA) belongs to the Y-box family of cold shock domain proteins that exert transcriptional and translational activities in the cell via their ability to bind and regulate mRNA. To investigate the role of DbpA in kidney disease, we utilized the murine unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) model, which recapitulates many features of obstructive nephropathy seen in humans. We observed that DbpA protein expression is induced within the renal interstitium following disease induction. Compared with wild-type animals, obstructed kidneys from Ybx3-deficient mice are protected from tissue injury, with a significant reduction in the number of infiltrating immune cells as well as in extracellular matrix deposition. RNAseq data from UUO kidneys show that Ybx3 is expressed by activated fibroblasts, which reside within the renal interstitium. Our data support a role for DbpA in orchestrating renal fibrosis and suggest that strategies targeting DbpA may be a therapeutic option to slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Lindquist
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja Bernhardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Reichardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eva Sauter
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rajiv Rana
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Philipsen
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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5
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Ristov MC, Lange T, Artelt N, Nath N, Kuss AW, Gehrig J, Lindenmeyer M, Cohen CD, Gul S, Endlich K, Völker U, Endlich N. The ShGlom Assay Combines High-Throughput Drug Screening With Downstream Analyses and Reveals the Protective Role of Vitamin D3 and Calcipotriol on Podocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:838086. [PMID: 35652093 PMCID: PMC9150175 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.838086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health burden affecting more than 500 million people worldwide. Podocytopathies are the main cause for the majority of CKD cases due to pathogenic morphological as well as molecular biological alterations of postmitotic podocytes. Podocyte de-differentiation is associated with foot process effacement subsequently leading to proteinuria. Since currently no curative drugs are available, high throughput screening methods using a small number of animals are a promising and essential tool to identify potential drugs against CKD in the near future. Our study presents the implementation of the already established mouse GlomAssay as a semi-automated high-throughput screening method-shGlomAssay-allowing the analysis of several hundreds of FDA-verified compounds in combination with downstream pathway analysis like transcriptomic and proteomic analyses from the same samples, using a small number of animals. In an initial prescreening we have identified vitamin D3 and its analog calcipotriol to be protective on podocytes. Furthermore, by using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and RNA sequencing, we found that mRNA and protein expression of nephrin, the vitamin D receptor and specific podocyte markers were significantly up-regulated due to vitamin D3- and calcipotriol-treatment. In contrast, kidney injury markers were significantly down-regulated. Additionally, we found that vitamin D3 and calcipotriol have had neither influence on the expression of the miR-21 and miR-30a nor on miR-125a/b, a miRNA described to regulate the vitamin D receptor. In summary, we advanced the established mouse GlomAssay to a semi-automated high-throughput assay and combined it with downstream analysis techniques by using only a minimum number of animals. Hereby, we identified the vitamin D signaling pathway as podocyte protective and to be counteracting their de-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christin Ristov
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tim Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nadine Artelt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Neetika Nath
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas W. Kuss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jochen Gehrig
- Acquifer Imaging GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- DITABIS, Digital Biomedical Imaging Systems AG, Pforzheim, Germany
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clemens D. Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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6
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Verissimo T, Faivre A, Rinaldi A, Lindenmeyer M, Delitsikou V, Veyrat-Durebex C, Heckenmeyer C, Fernandez M, Berchtold L, Dalga D, Cohen C, Naesens M, Ricksten SE, Martin PY, Pugin J, Merlier F, Haupt K, Rutkowski JM, Moll S, Cippà PE, Legouis D, de Seigneux S. Decreased Renal Gluconeogenesis Is a Hallmark of Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:810-827. [PMID: 35273087 PMCID: PMC8970457 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CKD is associated with alterations of tubular function. Renal gluconeogenesis is responsible for 40% of systemic gluconeogenesis during fasting, but how and why CKD affects this process and the repercussions of such regulation are unknown. METHODS We used data on the renal gluconeogenic pathway from more than 200 renal biopsies performed on CKD patients and from 43 kidney allograft patients, and studied three mouse models, of proteinuric CKD (POD-ATTAC), of ischemic CKD, and of unilateral urinary tract obstruction. We analyzed a cohort of patients who benefitted from renal catheterization and a retrospective cohort of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit. RESULTS Renal biopsies of CKD and kidney allograft patients revealed a stage-dependent decrease in the renal gluconeogenic pathway. Two animal models of CKD and one model of kidney fibrosis confirm gluconeogenic downregulation in injured proximal tubule cells. This shift resulted in an alteration of renal glucose production and lactate clearance during an exogenous lactate load. The isolated perfused kidney technique in animal models and renal venous catheterization in CKD patients confirmed decreased renal glucose production and lactate clearance. In CKD patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit, systemic alterations of glucose and lactate levels were more prevalent and associated with increased mortality and a worse renal prognosis at follow-up. Decreased expression of the gluconeogenesis pathway and its regulators predicted faster histologic progression of kidney disease in kidney allograft biopsies. CONCLUSION Renal gluconeogenic function is impaired in CKD. Altered renal gluconeogenesis leads to systemic metabolic changes with a decrease in glucose and increase in lactate level, and is associated with a worse renal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Verissimo
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Faivre
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Rinaldi
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Delitsikou
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Veyrat-Durebex
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn Heckenmeyer
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marylise Fernandez
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lena Berchtold
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delal Dalga
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven-Erik Ricksten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre-Yves Martin
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Pugin
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Franck Merlier
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Laboratory for Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Compiègne, France
| | - Karsten Haupt
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Laboratory for Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Compiègne, France
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Solange Moll
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pietro E Cippà
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - David Legouis
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Intensive Care, Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland .,Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Rogg M, Maier JI, Van Wymersch C, Helmstädter M, Sammarco A, Lindenmeyer M, Zareba P, Montanez E, Walz G, Werner M, Endlich N, Benzing T, Huber TB, Schell C. α-Parvin Defines a Specific Integrin Adhesome to Maintain the Glomerular Filtration Barrier. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:786-808. [PMID: 35260418 PMCID: PMC8970443 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell-matrix adhesion between podocytes and the glomerular basement membrane is essential for the integrity of the kidney's filtration barrier. Despite increasing knowledge about the complexity of integrin adhesion complexes, an understanding of the regulation of these protein complexes in glomerular disease remains elusive. METHODS We mapped the in vivo composition of the podocyte integrin adhesome. In addition, we analyzed conditional knockout mice targeting a gene (Parva) that encodes an actin-binding protein (α-parvin), and murine disease models. To evaluate podocytes in vivo, we used super-resolution microscopy, electron microscopy, multiplex immunofluorescence microscopy, and RNA sequencing. We performed functional analysis of CRISPR/Cas9-generated PARVA single knockout podocytes and PARVA and PARVB double knockout podocytes in three- and two-dimensional cultures using specific extracellular matrix ligands and micropatterns. RESULTS We found that PARVA is essential to prevent podocyte foot process effacement, detachment from the glomerular basement membrane, and the development of FSGS. Through the use of in vitro and in vivo models, we identified an inherent PARVB-dependent compensatory module at podocyte integrin adhesion complexes, sustaining efficient mechanical linkage at the filtration barrier. Sequential genetic deletion of PARVA and PARVB induces a switch in structure and composition of integrin adhesion complexes. This redistribution of these complexes translates into a loss of the ventral actin cytoskeleton, decreased adhesion capacity, impaired mechanical resistance, and dysfunctional extracellular matrix assembly. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal adaptive mechanisms of podocyte integrin adhesion complexes, providing a conceptual framework for therapeutic strategies to prevent podocyte detachment in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rogg
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin I Maier
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clara Van Wymersch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alena Sammarco
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Zareba
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona and Health Sciences and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany .,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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He L, Chen IW, Zhang Z, Zheng W, Sayadi A, Wang L, Sang W, Ji R, Lei J, Arnqvist G, Lei C, Zhu-Salzman K. In silico promoter analysis and functional validation identify CmZFH, the co-regulator of hypoxia-responsive genes CmScylla and CmLPCAT. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 140:103681. [PMID: 34800642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) plays an essential role in aerobic organisms including terrestrial insects. Under hypoxic stress, the cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) ceases feeding and growth. However, larvae, particularly 4th instar larvae exhibit very high tolerance to hypoxia and can recover normal growth once brought to normoxia. To better understand the molecular mechanism that enables insects to cope with low O2 stress, we performed RNA-seq to distinguish hypoxia-responsive genes in midguts and subsequently identified potential common cis-elements in promoters of hypoxia-induced and -repressed genes, respectively. Selected elements were subjected to gel-shift and transient transfection assays to confirm their cis-regulatory function. Of these putative common cis-elements, AREB6 appeared to regulate the expression of CmLPCAT and CmScylla, two hypoxia-induced genes. CmZFH, the putative AREB6-binding protein, was hypoxia-inducible. Transient expression of CmZFH in Drosophila S2 cells activated CmLPCAT and CmScylla, and their induction was likely through interaction of CmZFH with AREB6. Binding to AREB6 was further confirmed by bacterially expressed CmZFH recombinant protein. Deletion analyses indicated that the N-terminal zinc-finger cluster of CmZFH was the key AREB6-binding domain. Through in silico and experimental exploration, we discovered novel transcriptional regulatory components associated with gene expression dynamics under hypoxia that facilitated insect survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ivy W Chen
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wenping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ahmed Sayadi
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Wen Sang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jiaxin Lei
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Göran Arnqvist
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden
| | - Chaoliang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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9
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Greiten JK, Kliewe F, Schnarre A, Artelt N, Schröder S, Rogge H, Amann K, Daniel C, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Endlich K, Endlich N. The role of filamins in mechanically stressed podocytes. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21560. [PMID: 33860543 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001179rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glomerular hypertension induces mechanical load to podocytes, often resulting in podocyte detachment and the development of glomerulosclerosis. Although it is well known that podocytes are mechanosensitive, the mechanosensors and mechanotransducers are still unknown. Since filamin A, an actin-binding protein, is already described to be a mechanosensor and mechanotransducer, we hypothesized that filamins could be important for the outside-in signaling as well as the actin cytoskeleton of podocytes under mechanical stress. In this study, we demonstrate that filamin A is the main isoform of the filamin family that is expressed in cultured podocytes. Together with filamin B, filamin A was significantly up-regulated during mechanical stretch (3 days, 0.5 Hz, and 5% extension). To study the role of filamin A in cultured podocytes under mechanical stress, filamin A was knocked down (Flna KD) by specific siRNA. Additionally, we established a filamin A knockout podocyte cell line (Flna KO) by CRISPR/Cas9. Knockdown and knockout of filamin A influenced the expression of synaptopodin, a podocyte-specific protein, focal adhesions as well as the morphology of the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, the cell motility of Flna KO podocytes was significantly increased. Since the knockout of filamin A has had no effect on cell adhesion of podocytes during mechanical stress, we simultaneously knocked down the expression of filamin A and B. Thereby, we observed a significant loss of podocytes during mechanical stress indicating a compensatory mechanism. Analyzing hypertensive mice kidneys as well as biopsies of patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy, we found an up-regulation of filamin A in podocytes in contrast to the control. In summary, filamin A and B mediate matrix-actin cytoskeleton interactions which are essential for the adaptation of cultured podocyte to mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas K Greiten
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Kliewe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annabel Schnarre
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nadine Artelt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sindy Schröder
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Rogge
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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10
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Sachs M, Wetzel S, Reichelt J, Sachs W, Schebsdat L, Zielinski S, Seipold L, Heintz L, Müller SA, Kretz O, Lindenmeyer M, Wiech T, Huber TB, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Lichtenthaler SF, Saftig P, Meyer-Schwesinger C. ADAM10-Mediated Ectodomain Shedding Is an Essential Driver of Podocyte Damage. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1389-1408. [PMID: 33785583 PMCID: PMC8259650 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020081213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocytes embrace the glomerular capillaries with foot processes, which are interconnected by a specialized adherens junction to ultimately form the filtration barrier. Altered adhesion and loss are common features of podocyte injury, which could be mediated by shedding of cell-adhesion molecules through the regulated activity of cell surface-expressed proteases. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is such a protease known to mediate ectodomain shedding of adhesion molecules, among others. Here we evaluate the involvement of ADAM10 in the process of antibody-induced podocyte injury. METHODS Membrane proteomics, immunoblotting, high-resolution microscopy, and immunogold electron microscopy were used to analyze human and murine podocyte ADAM10 expression in health and kidney injury. The functionality of ADAM10 ectodomain shedding for podocyte development and injury was analyzed, in vitro and in vivo, in the anti-podocyte nephritis (APN) model in podocyte-specific, ADAM10-deficient mice. RESULTS ADAM10 is selectively localized at foot processes of murine podocytes and its expression is dispensable for podocyte development. Podocyte ADAM10 expression is induced in the setting of antibody-mediated injury in humans and mice. Podocyte ADAM10 deficiency attenuates the clinical course of APN and preserves the morphologic integrity of podocytes, despite subepithelial immune-deposit formation. Functionally, ADAM10-related ectodomain shedding results in cleavage of the cell-adhesion proteins N- and P-cadherin, thus decreasing their injury-related surface levels. This favors podocyte loss and the activation of downstream signaling events through the Wnt signaling pathway in an ADAM10-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS ADAM10-mediated ectodomain shedding of injury-related cadherins drives podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wetzel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Reichelt
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Schebsdat
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zielinski
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Seipold
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lukas Heintz
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Nephropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Effects of Environmental Conditions on Nephron Number: Modeling Maternal Disease and Epigenetic Regulation in Renal Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084157. [PMID: 33923831 PMCID: PMC8073167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that low nephron numbers at birth can increase the risk of chronic kidney disease or hypertension later in life. Environmental stressors, such as maternal malnutrition, medication and smoking, can influence renal size at birth. Using metanephric organ cultures to model single-variable environmental conditions, models of maternal disease were evaluated for patterns of developmental impairment. While hyperthermia had limited effects on renal development, fetal iron deficiency was associated with severe impairment of renal growth and nephrogenesis with an all-proximal phenotype. Culturing kidney explants under high glucose conditions led to cellular and transcriptomic changes resembling human diabetic nephropathy. Short-term high glucose culture conditions were sufficient for long-term alterations in DNA methylation-associated epigenetic memory. Finally, the role of epigenetic modifiers in renal development was tested using a small compound library. Among the selected epigenetic inhibitors, various compounds elicited an effect on renal growth, such as HDAC (entinostat, TH39), histone demethylase (deferasirox, deferoxamine) and histone methyltransferase (cyproheptadine) inhibitors. Thus, metanephric organ cultures provide a valuable system for studying metabolic conditions and a tool for screening for epigenetic modifiers in renal development.
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12
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Faivre A, Katsyuba E, Verissimo T, Lindenmeyer M, Rajaram RD, Naesens M, Heckenmeyer C, Mottis A, Feraille E, Cippà P, Cohen C, Longchamp A, Allagnat F, Rutkowski JM, Legouis D, Auwerx J, de Seigneux S. Differential role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide deficiency in acute and chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:60-68. [PMID: 33099633 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a ubiquitous coenzyme involved in electron transport and a co-substrate for sirtuin function. NAD+ deficiency has been demonstrated in the context of acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS We studied the expression of key NAD+ biosynthesis enzymes in kidney biopsies from human allograft patients and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at different stages. We used ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and cisplatin injection to model AKI, urinary tract obstruction [unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)] and tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by proteinuria to investigate CKD in mice. We assessed the effect of nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation on AKI and CKD in animal models. RESULTS RNA sequencing analysis of human kidney allograft biopsies during the reperfusion phase showed that the NAD+de novo synthesis is impaired in the immediate post-transplantation period, whereas the salvage pathway is stimulated. This decrease in de novo NAD+ synthesis was confirmed in two mouse models of IRI where NR supplementation prevented plasma urea and creatinine elevation and tubular injury. In human biopsies from CKD patients, the NAD+de novo synthesis pathway was impaired according to CKD stage, with better preservation of the salvage pathway. Similar alterations in gene expression were observed in mice with UUO or chronic proteinuric glomerular disease. NR supplementation did not prevent CKD progression, in contrast to its efficacy in AKI. CONCLUSION Impairment of NAD+ synthesis is a hallmark of AKI and CKD. NR supplementation is beneficial in ischaemic AKI but not in CKD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Faivre
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elena Katsyuba
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Verissimo
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renuga Devi Rajaram
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carolyn Heckenmeyer
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Mottis
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Feraille
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Cippà
- Division of Nephrology, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alban Longchamp
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - David Legouis
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Intensive Care Unit, Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Lepa C, Hoppe S, Stöber A, Skryabin BV, Sievers LK, Heitplatz B, Ciarimboli G, Neugebauer U, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Drexler HC, Boor P, Weide T, Pavenstädt H, George B. TrkC Is Essential for Nephron Function and Trans-Activates Igf1R Signaling. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:357-374. [PMID: 33380522 PMCID: PMC8054883 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020040424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury to kidney podocytes often results in chronic glomerular disease and consecutive nephron malfunction. For most glomerular diseases, targeted therapies are lacking. Thus, it is important to identify novel signaling pathways contributing to glomerular disease. Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 3 (TrkC) is expressed in podocytes and the protein transmits signals to the podocyte actin cytoskeleton. METHODS Nephron-specific TrkC knockout (TrkC-KO) and nephron-specific TrkC-overexpressing (TrkC-OE) mice were generated to dissect the role of TrkC in nephron development and maintenance. RESULTS Both TrkC-KO and TrkC-OE mice exhibited enlarged glomeruli, mesangial proliferation, basement membrane thickening, albuminuria, podocyte loss, and aspects of FSGS during aging. Igf1 receptor (Igf1R)-associated gene expression was dysregulated in TrkC-KO mouse glomeruli. Phosphoproteins associated with insulin, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase (Erbb), and Toll-like receptor signaling were enriched in lysates of podocytes treated with the TrkC ligand neurotrophin-3 (Nt-3). Activation of TrkC by Nt-3 resulted in phosphorylation of the Igf1R on activating tyrosine residues in podocytes. Igf1R phosphorylation was increased in TrkC-OE mouse kidneys while it was decreased in TrkC-KO kidneys. Furthermore, TrkC expression was elevated in glomerular tissue of patients with diabetic kidney disease compared with control glomerular tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that TrkC is essential for maintaining glomerular integrity. Furthermore, TrkC modulates Igf-related signaling in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Lepa
- Medizinische Klinik D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sascha Hoppe
- Medizinische Klinik D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antje Stöber
- Medizinische Klinik D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Boris V. Skryabin
- Medical Faculty, Core Facility Transgenic Animal and Genetic Engineering Models (TRAM), Westfälische-Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Heitplatz
- Gerhard-Domagk Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Ute Neugebauer
- Medizinische Klinik D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maja T. Lindenmeyer
- III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Clemens D. Cohen
- Klinik für Nieren-, Hochdruck- und Rheumaerkrankungen, München Klinik Harlaching, Germany
| | - Hannes C.A. Drexler
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology and Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Weide
- Medizinische Klinik D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Britta George
- Medizinische Klinik D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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14
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Seale AP, Malintha GHT, Celino-Brady FT, Head T, Belcaid M, Yamaguchi Y, Lerner DT, Baltzegar DA, Borski RJ, Stoytcheva ZR, Breves JP. Transcriptional regulation of prolactin in a euryhaline teleost: Characterisation of gene promoters through in silico and transcriptome analyses. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12905. [PMID: 32996203 PMCID: PMC8612711 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of prolactin (Prl) cells of the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) pituitary to variations in extracellular osmolality enables investigations into how osmoreception underlies patterns of hormone secretion. Through the actions of their main secretory products, Prl cells play a key role in supporting hydromineral balance of fishes by controlling the major osmoregulatory organs (ie, gill, intestine and kidney). The release of Prl from isolated cells of the rostral pars distalis (RPD) occurs in direct response to physiologically relevant reductions in extracellular osmolality. Although the particular signal transduction pathways that link osmotic conditions to Prl secretion have been identified, the processes that underlie hyposmotic induction of prl gene expression remain unknown. In this short review, we describe two distinct tilapia gene loci that encode Prl177 and Prl188 . From our in silico analyses of prl177 and prl188 promoter regions (approximately 1000 bp) and a transcriptome analysis of RPDs from fresh water (FW)- and seawater (SW)-acclimated tilapia, we propose a working model for how multiple transcription factors link osmoreceptive processes with adaptive patterns of prl177 and prl188 gene expression. We confirmed via RNA-sequencing and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction that multiple transcription factors emerging as predicted regulators of prl gene expression are expressed in the RPD of tilapia. In particular, gene transcripts encoding pou1f1, stat3, creb3l1, pbxip1a and stat1a were highly expressed; creb3l1, pbxip1a and stat1a were elevated in fish acclimated to SW vs FW. Combined, our in silico and transcriptome analyses set a path for resolving how adaptive patterns of Prl secretion are achieved via the integration of osmoreceptive processes with the control of prl gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre P. Seale
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Fritzie T. Celino-Brady
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tony Head
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Mahdi Belcaid
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Darren T. Lerner
- University of Hawai’i Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - David A. Baltzegar
- Genomic Sciences Laboratory, Office of Research and Innovation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Russell J. Borski
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zoia R. Stoytcheva
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jason P. Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
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15
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Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Ameliorates Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196978. [PMID: 32977372 PMCID: PMC7583818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) cytokine family and an inflammation-associated protein. Here, we investigated the role of GDF15 in murine anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis. Glomerulonephritis induction in mice induced systemic expression of GDF15. Moreover, we demonstrate the protective effects for GDF15, as GDF15-deficient mice exhibited increased proteinuria with an aggravated crescent formation and mesangial expansion in anti-GBM nephritis. Herein, GDF15 was required for the regulation of T-cell chemotactic chemokines in the kidney. In addition, we found the upregulation of the CXCR3 receptor in activated T-cells in GDF15-deficient mice. These data indicate that CXCL10/CXCR3-dependent-signaling promotes the infiltration of T cells into the organ during acute inflammation controlled by GDF15. Together, these results reveal a novel mechanism limiting the migration of lymphocytes to the site of inflammation during glomerulonephritis.
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16
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Abstract
Nuclear receptors have a broad spectrum of biological functions in normal physiology and in the pathology of various diseases, including glomerular disease. The primary therapies for many glomerular diseases are glucocorticoids, which exert their immunosuppressive and direct podocyte protective effects via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). As glucocorticoids are associated with important adverse effects and a substantial proportion of patients show resistance to these therapies, the beneficial effects of selective GR modulators are now being explored. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonism using thiazolidinediones has potent podocyte cytoprotective and nephroprotective effects. Repurposing of thiazolidinediones or identification of novel PPARγ modulators are potential strategies to treat non-diabetic glomerular disease. Retinoic acid receptor-α is the key mediator of the renal protective effects of retinoic acid, and repair of the endogenous retinoic acid pathway offers another potential therapeutic strategy for glomerular disease. Vitamin D receptor, oestrogen receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor modulators regulate podocyte injury in experimental models. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms of these nuclear receptors, evaluate their synergistic pathways and identify their novel modulators. Here, we focus on the role of nuclear receptors in podocyte biology and non-diabetic glomerular disease.
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17
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Wilkening A, Krappe J, Mühe AM, Lindenmeyer MT, Eltrich N, Luckow B, Vielhauer V. C-C chemokine receptor type 2 mediates glomerular injury and interstitial fibrosis in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:227-239. [PMID: 30597038 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis are hallmarks of chronic kidney injury leading to end-stage renal disease. Inflammatory mechanisms contribute to glomerular and interstitial scarring, including chemokine-mediated recruitment of leucocytes. In particular, accumulation of C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2)-expressing macrophages promotes renal injury and fibrotic remodelling in diseases like glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy. The functional role of CCR2 in the initiation and progression of primary glomerulosclerosis induced by podocyte injury remains to be characterized. METHODS We analysed glomerular expression of CCR2 and its chemokine ligand C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Additionally, CCL2 expression was determined in stimulated murine glomeruli and glomerular cells in vitro. To explore pro-inflammatory and profibrotic functions of CCR2 we induced adriamycin nephropathy, a murine model of FSGS, in BALB/c wild-type and Ccr2-deficient mice. RESULTS Glomerular expression of CCR2 and CCL2 significantly increased in human FSGS. In adriamycin-induced FSGS, progressive glomerular scarring and reduced glomerular nephrin expression was paralleled by induced glomerular expression of CCL2. Adriamycin exposure stimulated secretion of CCL2 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) in isolated glomeruli and mesangial cells and CCL2 in parietal epithelial cells. In addition, TNF induced CCL2 expression in all glomerular cell populations, most prominently in podocytes. In vivo, Ccr2-deficient mice with adriamycin nephropathy showed reduced injury, macrophage and fibrocyte infiltration and inflammation in glomeruli and the tubulointerstitium. Importantly, glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis were significantly ameliorated. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that CCR2 is an important mediator of glomerular injury and progression of FSGS. CCR2- targeting therapies may represent a novel approach for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Wilkening
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Krappe
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne M Mühe
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nuru Eltrich
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Luckow
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Vielhauer
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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18
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Randi EB, Vervaet B, Tsachaki M, Porto E, Vermeylen S, Lindenmeyer MT, Thuy LTT, Cohen CD, Devuyst O, Kistler AD, Szabo C, Kawada N, Hankeln T, Odermatt A, Dewilde S, Wenger RH, Hoogewijs D. The Antioxidative Role of Cytoglobin in Podocytes: Implications for a Role in Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1155-1171. [PMID: 31910047 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Cytoglobin (CYGB) is a member of the mammalian globin family of respiratory proteins. Despite extensive research efforts, its physiological role remains largely unknown, but potential functions include reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and signaling. Accumulating evidence suggests that ROS play a crucial role in podocyte detachment and apoptosis during diabetic kidney disease. This study aimed to explore the potential antioxidative renal role of CYGB both in vivo and in vitro. Results: Using a Cygb-deficient mouse model, we demonstrate a Cygb-dependent reduction in renal function, coinciding with a reduced number of podocytes. To specifically assess the putative antioxidative function of CYGB in podocytes, we first confirmed high endogenous CYGB expression levels in two human podocyte cell lines and subsequently generated short hairpin RNA-mediated stable CYGB knockdown podocyte models. CYGB-deficient podocytes displayed increased cell death and accumulation of ROS as assessed by 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assays and the redox-sensitive probe roGFP2-Orp1. CYGB-deficient cells also exhibited an impaired cellular bioenergetic status. Consistently, analysis of the CYGB-dependent transcriptome identified dysregulation of multiple genes involved in redox balance, apoptosis, as well as in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Finally, genome-wide association studies and expression studies in nephropathy biopsies indicate an association of CYGB with CKD. Innovation: This study demonstrates a podocyte-related renal role of Cygb, confirms abundant CYGB expression in human podocyte cell lines, and describes for the first time an association between CYGB and CKD. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence for an antioxidative role of CYGB in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa B Randi
- Department of Medicine/Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Vervaet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Tsachaki
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Porto
- Institute of Organismal and Molecular Evolutionary Biology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stijn Vermeylen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland.,Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Le Thi Thanh Thuy
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland.,Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas D Kistler
- Division of Nephrology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismal and Molecular Evolutionary Biology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alex Odermatt
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Dewilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Hoogewijs
- Department of Medicine/Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Lin CL, Hsu YC, Huang YT, Shih YH, Wang CJ, Chiang WC, Chang PJ. A KDM6A-KLF10 reinforcing feedback mechanism aggravates diabetic podocyte dysfunction. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 11:emmm.201809828. [PMID: 30948420 PMCID: PMC6505577 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end‐stage renal disease. Although dysfunction of podocytes, also termed glomerular visceral epithelial cells, is critically associated with diabetic nephropathy, the mechanism underlying podocyte dysfunction still remains obscure. Here, we identify that KDM6A, a histone lysine demethylase, reinforces diabetic podocyte dysfunction by creating a positive feedback loop through up‐regulation of its downstream target KLF10. Overexpression of KLF10 in podocytes not only represses multiple podocyte‐specific markers including nephrin, but also conversely increases KDM6A expression. We further show that KLF10 inhibits nephrin expression by directly binding to the gene promoter together with the recruitment of methyltransferase Dnmt1. Importantly, inactivation or knockout of either KDM6A or KLF10 in mice significantly suppresses diabetes‐induced proteinuria and kidney injury. Consistent with the notion, we also show that levels of both KDM6A and KLF10 proteins or mRNAs are substantially elevated in kidney tissues or in urinary exosomes of human diabetic nephropathy patients as compared with control subjects. Our findings therefore suggest that targeting the KDM6A–KLF10 feedback loop may be beneficial to attenuate diabetes‐induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Lin
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chien Hsu
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsueh Shih
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jen Wang
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pey-Jium Chang
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan .,Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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20
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Buhl EM, Djudjaj S, Klinkhammer BM, Ermert K, Puelles VG, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, He C, Borkham‐Kamphorst E, Weiskirchen R, Denecke B, Trairatphisan P, Saez‐Rodriguez J, Huber TB, Olson LE, Floege J, Boor P. Dysregulated mesenchymal PDGFR-β drives kidney fibrosis. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11021. [PMID: 31943786 PMCID: PMC7059015 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is characterized by expansion and activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β)-positive mesenchymal cells. To study the consequences of PDGFR-β activation, we developed a model of primary renal fibrosis using transgenic mice with PDGFR-β activation specifically in renal mesenchymal cells, driving their pathological proliferation and phenotypic switch toward myofibroblasts. This resulted in progressive mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, mesangial sclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis with progressive anemia due to loss of erythropoietin production by fibroblasts. Fibrosis induced secondary tubular epithelial injury at later stages, coinciding with microinflammation, and aggravated the progression of hypertensive and obstructive nephropathy. Inhibition of PDGFR activation reversed fibrosis more effectively in the tubulointerstitium compared to glomeruli. Gene expression signatures in mice with PDGFR-β activation resembled those found in patients. In conclusion, PDGFR-β activation alone is sufficient to induce progressive renal fibrosis and failure, mimicking key aspects of chronic kidney disease in humans. Our data provide direct proof that fibrosis per se can drive chronic organ damage and establish a model of primary fibrosis allowing specific studies targeting fibrosis progression and regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Buhl
- Institute of PathologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
- Division of NephrologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
- Electron Microscopy FacilityRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
| | - Sonja Djudjaj
- Institute of PathologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
| | | | - Katja Ermert
- Institute of PathologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
| | - Victor G Puelles
- Division of NephrologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
- III. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- Department of NephrologyMonash Health, and Center for Inflammatory DiseasesMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological CenterMedical Clinic and Policlinic IVUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Chaoyong He
- Cardiovascular Biology ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Erawan Borkham‐Kamphorst
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical ChemistryRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical ChemistryRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF)RWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
| | - Panuwat Trairatphisan
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute for Computational BiomedicineHeidelberg University, and Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Julio Saez‐Rodriguez
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute for Computational BiomedicineHeidelberg University, and Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Lorin E Olson
- Cardiovascular Biology ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of NephrologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of PathologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
- Division of NephrologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
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21
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Kliewe F, Kaling S, Lötzsch H, Artelt N, Schindler M, Rogge H, Schröder S, Scharf C, Amann K, Daniel C, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Endlich K, Endlich N. Fibronectin is up-regulated in podocytes by mechanical stress. FASEB J 2019; 33:14450-14460. [PMID: 31675484 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900978rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the central causes of kidney damage. In the past it was shown that glomerular hypertension leads to morphologic changes of podocytes and effacement and is responsible for detachment of these postmitotic cells. Because we have shown that podocytes are mechanosensitive and respond to mechanical stress by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in vitro, we look for mechanotransducers in podocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (Fn1) might be a potential candidate. The present study shows that Fn1 is essential for the attachment of podocytes during mechanical stress. By real-time quantitative PCR as well as by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we found a significant up-regulation of Fn1 caused by mechanical stretch (3 d, 0.5 Hz, and 5% extension). To study the role of Fn1 in cultured podocytes under mechanical stress, Fn1 was knocked down (Fn1 KD) by a specific small interfering RNA. Additionally, we established a Fn1 knockout (KO) podocyte cell line (Fn1 KO) by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9). During mechanical stress, a significant loss of podocytes (>80%) was observed in Fn1 KD as well as Fn1 KO podocytes compared with control cells. Furthermore, Fn1 KO podocytes showed a significant down-regulation of the focal adhesion proteins talin, vinculin, and paxillin and a reduced cell spreading, indicating an important role of Fn1 in adhesion. Analyses of kidney sections from patients with diabetic nephropathy have shown a significant up-regulation of FN1 in contrast to control biopsies. In summary, we show that Fn1 plays an important role in the adaptation of podocytes to mechanical stress.-Kliewe, F., Kaling, S., Lötzsch, H., Artelt, N., Schindler, M., Rogge, H., Schröder, S., Scharf, C., Amann, K., Daniel, C., Lindenmeyer, M. T., Cohen, C. D., Endlich, K., Endlich, N. Fibronectin is up-regulated in podocytes by mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kliewe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sören Kaling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henriette Lötzsch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nadine Artelt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schindler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Rogge
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sindy Schröder
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Scharf
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, University Medicine Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, University Medicine Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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22
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Puelles VG, van der Wolde JW, Wanner N, Scheppach MW, Cullen-McEwen LA, Bork T, Lindenmeyer MT, Gernhold L, Wong MN, Braun F, Cohen CD, Kett MM, Kuppe C, Kramann R, Saritas T, van Roeyen CR, Moeller MJ, Tribolet L, Rebello R, Sun YB, Li J, Müller-Newen G, Hughson MD, Hoy WE, Person F, Wiech T, Ricardo SD, Kerr PG, Denton KM, Furic L, Huber TB, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Bertram JF. mTOR-mediated podocyte hypertrophy regulates glomerular integrity in mice and humans. JCI Insight 2019; 4:99271. [PMID: 31534053 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular origins of glomerulosclerosis involve activation of parietal epithelial cells (PECs) and progressive podocyte depletion. While mammalian target of rapamycin-mediated (mTOR-mediated) podocyte hypertrophy is recognized as an important signaling pathway in the context of glomerular disease, the role of podocyte hypertrophy as a compensatory mechanism preventing PEC activation and glomerulosclerosis remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that glomerular mTOR and PEC activation-related genes were both upregulated and intercorrelated in biopsies from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, suggesting both compensatory and pathological roles. Advanced morphometric analyses in murine and human tissues identified podocyte hypertrophy as a compensatory mechanism aiming to regulate glomerular functional integrity in response to somatic growth, podocyte depletion, and even glomerulosclerosis - all of this in the absence of detectable podocyte regeneration. In mice, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR signaling during acute podocyte loss impaired hypertrophy of remaining podocytes, resulting in unexpected albuminuria, PEC activation, and glomerulosclerosis. Exacerbated and persistent podocyte hypertrophy enabled a vicious cycle of podocyte loss and PEC activation, suggesting a limit to its beneficial effects. In summary, our data highlight a critical protective role of mTOR-mediated podocyte hypertrophy following podocyte loss in order to preserve glomerular integrity, preventing PEC activation and glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor G Puelles
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - James W van der Wolde
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicola Wanner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Luise A Cullen-McEwen
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tillmann Bork
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Gernhold
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Milagros N Wong
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michelle M Kett
- Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leon Tribolet
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Rebello
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yu By Sun
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jinhua Li
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael D Hughson
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Wendy E Hoy
- Centre for Chronic Disease, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fermin Person
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sharon D Ricardo
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter G Kerr
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate M Denton
- Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luc Furic
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Australia.,Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John F Bertram
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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23
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Grigorieva IV, Oszwald A, Grigorieva EF, Schachner H, Neudert B, Ostendorf T, Floege J, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Panzer U, Aigner C, Schmidt A, Grosveld F, Thakker RV, Rees AJ, Kain R. A Novel Role for GATA3 in Mesangial Cells in Glomerular Development and Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1641-1658. [PMID: 31405951 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GATA3 is a dual-zinc finger transcription factor that regulates gene expression in many developing tissues. In the kidney, GATA3 is essential for ureteric bud branching, and mice without it fail to develop kidneys. In humans, autosomal dominant GATA3 mutations can cause renal aplasia as part of the hypoparathyroidism, renal dysplasia, deafness (HDR) syndrome that includes mesangioproliferative GN. This suggests that GATA3 may have a previously unrecognized role in glomerular development or injury. METHODS To determine GATA3's role in glomerular development or injury, we assessed GATA3 expression in developing and mature kidneys from Gata3 heterozygous (+/-) knockout mice, as well as injured human and rodent kidneys. RESULTS We show that GATA3 is expressed by FOXD1 lineage stromal progenitor cells, and a subset of these cells mature into mesangial cells (MCs) that continue to express GATA3 in adult kidneys. In mice, we uncover that GATA3 is essential for normal glomerular development, and mice with haploinsufficiency of Gata3 have too few MC precursors and glomerular abnormalities. Expression of GATA3 is maintained in MCs of adult kidneys and is markedly increased in rodent models of mesangioproliferative GN and in IgA nephropathy, suggesting that GATA3 plays a critical role in the maintenance of glomerular homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insights on the role GATA3 plays in MC development and response to injury. It also shows that GATA3 may be a novel and robust nuclear marker for identifying MCs in tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tammo Ostendorf
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christof Aigner
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Schmidt
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Grosveld
- Department of Cell Biology, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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24
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Rajaram RD, Dissard R, Faivre A, Ino F, Delitsikou V, Jaquet V, Cagarelli T, Lindenmeyer M, Jansen-Duerr P, Cohen C, Moll S, de Seigneux S. Tubular NOX4 expression decreases in chronic kidney disease but does not modify fibrosis evolution. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101234. [PMID: 31247506 PMCID: PMC6598841 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) catalyzes the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). NOX4 is highly expressed in the kidney, but its role in renal injury is unclear and may depend on its specific tissue localization. Methods We performed immunostaining with a specific anti-NOX4 antibody and measured NOX4 mRNA expression in human renal biopsies encompassing diverse renal diseases. We generated transgenic mice specifically overexpressing mouse Nox4 in renal tubular cells and subjected the animals to the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model of fibrosis. Results In normal human kidney, NOX4 protein expression was at its highest on the basolateral side of proximal tubular cells. NOX4 expression increased in mesangial cells and podocytes in proliferative diabetic nephropathy. In tubular cells, NOX4 protein expression decreased in all types of chronic renal disease studied. This finding was substantiated by decreased NOX4 mRNA expression in the tubulo-interstitial compartment in a repository of 175 human renal biopsies. Overexpression of tubular NOX4 in mice resulted in enhanced renal production of H2O2, increased NRF2 protein expression and decreased glomerular filtration, likely via stimulation of the tubulo-glomerular feedback. Tubular NOX4 overexpression had no obvious impact on kidney morphology, apoptosis, or fibrosis at baseline. Under acute and chronic tubular injury induced by UUO, overexpression of NOX4 in tubular cells did not modify the course of the disease. Conclusions NOX4 expression was decreased in tubular cells in all types of CKD tested. Tubular NOX4 overexpression did not induce injury in the kidney, and neither modified microvascularization, nor kidney structural lesions in fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuga Devi Rajaram
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romain Dissard
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Faivre
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédérique Ino
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vasiliki Delitsikou
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Cagarelli
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- Nephrological Center Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pidder Jansen-Duerr
- Universität Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Cohen
- Nephrological Center Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Solange Moll
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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25
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Lei Y, Devarapu SK, Motrapu M, Cohen CD, Lindenmeyer MT, Moll S, Kumar SV, Anders HJ. Interleukin-1β Inhibition for Chronic Kidney Disease in Obese Mice With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1223. [PMID: 31191559 PMCID: PMC6549251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome-driven release of interleukin(IL)-1β is a central element of many forms of sterile inflammation and has been evident to promote the onset and progression of diabetic kidney disease. We microdissected glomerular and tubulointerstitial samples from kidney biopsies of patients with diabetic kidney disease and found expression of IL-1β mRNA. Immunostaining of such kidney biopsies across a broad spectrum of diabetic kidney disease stages revealed IL-1β positivity in a small subset of infiltrating immune cell. Thus, we speculated on a potential of IL-1β as a therapeutic target and neutralizing the biological effects of murine IL-1β with a novel monoclonal antibody in uninephrectomized diabetic db/db mice with progressive type 2 diabetes- and obesity-related single nephron hyperfiltration, podocyte loss, proteinuria, and progressive decline of total glomerular filtration rate (GFR). At 18 weeks albuminuric mice were randomized to intraperitoneal injections with either anti-IL-1β or control IgG once weekly for 8 weeks. During this period, anti-IL-1β IgG had no effect on food or fluid intake, body weight, and fasting glucose levels. At week 26, anti-IL-1β IgG had reduced renal mRNA expression of kidney injury markers (Ngal) and fibrosis (Col1, a-Sma), significantly attenuated the progressive decline of GFR in hyperfiltrating diabetic mice, and preserved podocyte number without affecting albuminuria or indicators of single nephron hyperfiltration. No adverse effect were observed. Thus, IL-1β contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes and might therefore be a valuable therapeutic target, potentially in combination with drugs with different mechanisms-of-action such as RAS and SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Lei
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Satish K Devarapu
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Manga Motrapu
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Division of Nephrology, Krankenhaus Harlaching, Munich, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Solange Moll
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Santhosh V Kumar
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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26
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Colás-Algora N, Millán J. How many cadherins do human endothelial cells express? Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1299-1317. [PMID: 30552441 PMCID: PMC11105309 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vasculature is the paradigm of a compartment generated by parallel cellular barriers that aims to transport oxygen, nutrients and immune cells in complex organisms. Vascular barrier dysfunction leads to fatal acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The endothelial barrier lines the inner side of vessels and is the main regulator of vascular permeability. Cadherins comprise a superfamily of 114 calcium-dependent adhesion proteins that contain conserved cadherin motifs and form cell-cell junctions in metazoans. In mature human endothelial cells, only VE (vascular endothelial)-cadherin and N (neural)-cadherin have been investigated in detail. Although both cadherins are essential for regulating endothelial permeability, no comprehensive expression studies to identify which other family members could play a relevant role in endothelial cells has so far been performed. Here, we have reviewed gene and protein expression databases to analyze cadherin expression in mature human endothelium and found that at least 24 cadherin superfamily members are significantly expressed. Based on data obtained from other cell types, organisms and experimental models, we discuss their potential functions, many of them unrelated to the formation of endothelial cell-cell junctions. The expression of this new set of endothelial cadherins highlights the important but still poorly defined roles of planar cell polarity, the Hippo pathway and mitochondria metabolism in human vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Colás-Algora
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Papakrivopoulou E, Vasilopoulou E, Lindenmeyer MT, Pacheco S, Brzóska HŁ, Price KL, Kolatsi‐Joannou M, White KE, Henderson DJ, Dean CH, Cohen CD, Salama AD, Woolf AS, Long DA. Vangl2, a planar cell polarity molecule, is implicated in irreversible and reversible kidney glomerular injury. J Pathol 2018; 246:485-496. [PMID: 30125361 PMCID: PMC6282744 DOI: 10.1002/path.5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways control the orientation and alignment of epithelial cells within tissues. Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) is a key PCP protein that is required for the normal differentiation of kidney glomeruli and tubules. Vangl2 has also been implicated in modifying the course of acquired glomerular disease, and here, we further explored how Vangl2 impacts on glomerular pathobiology in this context. Targeted genetic deletion of Vangl2 in mouse glomerular epithelial podocytes enhanced the severity of not only irreversible accelerated nephrotoxic nephritis but also lipopolysaccharide-induced reversible glomerular damage. In each proteinuric model, genetic deletion of Vangl2 in podocytes was associated with an increased ratio of active-MMP9 to inactive MMP9, an enzyme involved in tissue remodelling. In addition, by interrogating microarray data from two cohorts of renal patients, we report increased VANGL2 transcript levels in the glomeruli of individuals with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, suggesting that the molecule may also be involved in certain human glomerular diseases. These observations support the conclusion that Vangl2 modulates glomerular injury, at least in part by acting as a brake on MMP9, a potentially harmful endogenous enzyme. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Polarity
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Activation
- Female
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/genetics
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/metabolism
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/pathology
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/physiopathology
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism
- Kidney Glomerulus/pathology
- Kidney Glomerulus/physiopathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/genetics
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/metabolism
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/pathology
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/physiopathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Podocytes/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Papakrivopoulou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Elisavet Vasilopoulou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- Medway School of PharmacyUniversity of KentChatham MaritimeUK
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IVUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
- Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Sabrina Pacheco
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Hortensja Ł Brzóska
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Karen L Price
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Maria Kolatsi‐Joannou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Kathryn E White
- Electron Microscopy Research ServicesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Deborah J Henderson
- Cardiovascular Research CentreInstitute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Charlotte H Dean
- Inflammation Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IVUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Alan D Salama
- University College London Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free HospitalLondonUK
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthSchool of Biological Sciences, University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
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28
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Exclusive expression of transmembrane TNF aggravates acute glomerulonephritis despite reduced leukocyte infiltration and inflammation. Kidney Int 2018; 95:75-93. [PMID: 30389199 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a cytokine mediating inflammatory kidney diseases such as immune complex glomerulonephritis. Its two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, play distinct roles in this process, with TNFR2 strongly required for induction of disease. In contrast to soluble TNF (sTNF), transmembrane TNF robustly activates TNFR2. Thus, we examined the functional role of transmembrane TNF by inducing heterologous nephrotoxic serum nephritis in wild-type and transgenic TNFΔ1-9,K11E knock-in mice expressing transmembrane TNF but no sTNF (memTNF mice). Compared to wild-type, nephritis was exacerbated in memTNF mice on day 5, indicated by increased albuminuria, higher serum urea levels, and more pronounced glomerular deposits, together with higher numbers of dying and proliferating glomerular cells. This was associated with greater loss of glomerular endothelial cells, increased podocyte stress, and signs of augmented necroptosis in memTNF kidneys. Aggravation of nephritis was dependent on transmembrane TNF expression in parenchymal cells, but not leukocytes. Surprisingly, increased kidney injury was associated with reduced renal leukocyte infiltration in memTNF mice, which correlated with decreased renal mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. This effect was also present in isolated memTNF glomeruli stimulated with interleukin-1β in vitro. Thus, uncleaved transmembrane TNF is an important mediator of renal tissue damage characterized by increased renal cell death and loss of glomerular endothelial cells in murine glomerulonephritis. In contrast, sTNF predominantly mediates renal leukocyte recruitment and inflammation. These findings highlight the importance of transmembrane TNF in inflammatory kidney disease as a possible therapeutic target.
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29
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Han SS, Yu MY, Yoo KD, Lee JP, Kim DK, Kim YS, Yang SH. Loss of KLF15 accelerates chronic podocyte injury. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1593-1602. [PMID: 29901095 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel‑like factor 15 (KLF15), also known as kidney‑enriched transcription factor, is known to participate in podocyte differentiation. However, the role of KLF15 in chronic podocyte injury remains incompletely understood, particularly in proteinuric disease models. In the present study, the 5/6 nephrectomy mouse model was used to induce chronic podocyte injury. Human primary podocytes were isolated by flow cytometry and cultured to emulate the injury process in an in vitro system. Biopsied kidney tissue samples were obtained from patients with primary membranous nephropathy or diabetic nephropathy in order to analyze the relationship between glomerular KLF15 expression and subsequent outcomes. When 5/6 nephrectomy was predisposed to progressive kidney damage, fibrosis markers increased, while podocyte KLF15 expression decreased. In addition, increased fibrosis marker expression in human primary podocytes following treatment with transforming growth factor‑β was aggravated by the knockdown of KLF15. These trends were reversed after cultured podocytes were treated with cyclosporine. When patients were grouped according to KLF15 expression levels in kidney tissue, the low expression groups were demonstrated to have worse renal outcomes, such as non‑remission of disease and end‑stage renal disease. In conclusion, the present findings revealed that low expression of KLF15 was associated with chronic podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Seok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Don Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk‑do 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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30
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Endlich N, Kliewe F, Kindt F, Schmidt K, Kotb AM, Artelt N, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Döring F, Kuss AW, Amann K, Moeller MJ, Kabgani N, Blumenthal A, Endlich K. The transcription factor Dach1 is essential for podocyte function. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2656-2669. [PMID: 29498212 PMCID: PMC5908116 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiation and loss of podocytes are the major cause of chronic kidney disease. Dach1, a transcription factor that is essential for cell fate, was found in genome‐wide association studies to be associated with the glomerular filtration rate. We found that podocytes express high levels of Dach1 in vivo and to a much lower extent in vitro. Parietal epithelial cells (PECs) that are still under debate to be a type of progenitor cell for podocytes expressed Dach1 only at low levels. The transfection of PECs with a plasmid encoding for Dach1 induced the expression of synaptopodin, a podocyte‐specific protein, demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Furthermore, synaptopodin was located along actin fibres in a punctate pattern in Dach1‐expressing PECs comparable with differentiated podocytes. Moreover, dedifferentiating podocytes of isolated glomeruli showed a significant reduction in the expression of Dach1 together with synaptopodin after 9 days in cell culture. To study the role of Dach1 in vivo, we used the zebrafish larva as an animal model. Knockdown of the zebrafish ortholog Dachd by morpholino injection into fertilized eggs resulted in a severe renal phenotype. The glomeruli of the zebrafish larvae showed morphological changes of the glomerulus accompanied by down‐regulation of nephrin and leakage of the filtration barrier. Interestingly, glomeruli of biopsies from patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy showed also a significant reduction of Dach1 and synaptopodin in contrast to control biopsies. Taken together, Dach1 is a transcription factor that is important for podocyte differentiation and proper kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Kliewe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frances Kindt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ahmed M Kotb
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nadine Artelt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Döring
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nazanin Kabgani
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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31
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Transcriptome-based network analysis reveals renal cell type-specific dysregulation of hypoxia-associated transcripts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8576. [PMID: 28819298 PMCID: PMC5561250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of hypoxia-regulated transcriptional mechanisms is involved in development of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, it remains unclear how hypoxia-induced transcription factors (HIFs) and subsequent biological processes contribute to CKD development and progression. In our study, genome-wide expression profiles of more than 200 renal biopsies from patients with different CKD stages revealed significant correlation of HIF-target genes with eGFR in glomeruli and tubulointerstitium. These correlations were positive and negative and in part compartment-specific. Microarrays of proximal tubular cells and podocytes with stable HIF1α and/or HIF2α suppression displayed cell type-specific HIF1/HIF2-dependencies as well as dysregulation of several pathways. WGCNA analysis identified gene sets that were highly coregulated within modules. Characterization of the modules revealed common as well as cell group- and condition-specific pathways, GO-Terms and transcription factors. Gene expression analysis of the hypoxia-interconnected pathways in patients with different CKD stages revealed an increased dysregulation with loss of renal function. In conclusion, our data clearly point to a compartment- and cell type-specific dysregulation of hypoxia-associated gene transcripts and might help to improve the understanding of hypoxia, HIF dysregulation, and transcriptional program response in CKD.
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32
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Zschiedrich S, Bork T, Liang W, Wanner N, Eulenbruch K, Munder S, Hartleben B, Kretz O, Gerber S, Simons M, Viau A, Burtin M, Wei C, Reiser J, Herbach N, Rastaldi MP, Cohen CD, Tharaux PL, Terzi F, Walz G, Gödel M, Huber TB. Targeting mTOR Signaling Can Prevent the Progression of FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2144-2157. [PMID: 28270414 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is involved in a variety of kidney diseases. Clinical trials administering mTOR inhibitors to patients with FSGS, a prototypic podocyte disease, led to conflicting results, ranging from remission to deterioration of kidney function. Here, we combined complex genetic titration of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) levels in murine glomerular disease models, pharmacologic studies, and human studies to precisely delineate the role of mTOR in FSGS. mTORC1 target genes were significantly induced in microdissected glomeruli from both patients with FSGS and a murine FSGS model. Furthermore, a mouse model with constitutive mTORC1 activation closely recapitulated human FSGS. Notably, the complete knockout of mTORC1 by induced deletion of both Raptor alleles accelerated the progression of murine FSGS models. However, lowering mTORC1 signaling by deleting just one Raptor allele ameliorated the progression of glomerulosclerosis. Similarly, low-dose treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin efficiently diminished disease progression. Mechanistically, complete pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR in immortalized podocytes shifted the cellular energy metabolism toward reduced rates of oxidative phosphorylation and anaerobic glycolysis, which correlated with increased production of reactive oxygen species. Together, these data suggest that podocyte injury and loss is commonly followed by adaptive mTOR activation. Prolonged mTOR activation, however, results in a metabolic podocyte reprogramming leading to increased cellular stress and dedifferentiation, thus offering a treatment rationale for incomplete mTOR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zschiedrich
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tillmann Bork
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nicola Wanner
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Eulenbruch
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Munder
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn Hartleben
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, and
| | - Simon Gerber
- Imagine Institute, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1163, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Matias Simons
- Imagine Institute, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1163, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Viau
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martine Burtin
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hopital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Changli Wei
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Nadja Herbach
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria-Pia Rastaldi
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Fondazione D'Amico, Milan, Italy
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Immunology, Städtisches Klinikum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; and
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hopital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Gödel
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, and.,Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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33
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Mallipattu SK, Estrada CC, He JC. The critical role of Krüppel-like factors in kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F259-F265. [PMID: 27852611 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00550.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of zinc-finger transcription factors critical to mammalian embryonic development, regeneration, and human disease. There is emerging evidence that KLFs play a vital role in key physiological processes in the kidney, ranging from maintenance of glomerular filtration barrier to tubulointerstitial inflammation to progression of kidney fibrosis. Seventeen members of the KLF family have been identified, and several have been well characterized in the kidney. Although they may share some overlap in their downstream targets, their structure and function remain distinct. This review highlights our current knowledge of KLFs in the kidney, which includes their pattern of expression and their function in regulating key biological processes. We will also critically examine the currently available literature on KLFs in the kidney and offer some key areas in need of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, New York, New York;
| | - Chelsea C Estrada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - John C He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and.,Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York
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34
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Mallipattu SK, Guo Y, Revelo MP, Roa-Peña L, Miller T, Ling J, Shankland SJ, Bialkowska AB, Ly V, Estrada C, Jain MK, Lu Y, Ma'ayan A, Mehrotra A, Yacoub R, Nord EP, Woroniecki RP, Yang VW, He JC. Krüppel-Like Factor 15 Mediates Glucocorticoid-Induced Restoration of Podocyte Differentiation Markers. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:166-184. [PMID: 27288011 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is the inciting event in primary glomerulopathies, such as minimal change disease and primary FSGS, and glucocorticoids remain the initial and often, the primary treatment of choice for these glomerulopathies. Because inflammation is not readily apparent in these diseases, understanding the direct effects of glucocorticoids on the podocyte, independent of the immunomodulatory effects, may lead to the identification of targets downstream of glucocorticoids that minimize toxicity without compromising efficacy. Several studies showed that treatment with glucocorticoids restores podocyte differentiation markers and normal ultrastructure and improves cell survival in murine podocytes. We previously determined that Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15), a kidney-enriched zinc finger transcription factor, is required for restoring podocyte differentiation markers in mice and human podocytes under cell stress. Here, we show that in vitro treatment with dexamethasone induced a rapid increase of KLF15 expression in human and murine podocytes and enhanced the affinity of glucocorticoid receptor binding to the promoter region of KLF15 In three independent proteinuric murine models, podocyte-specific loss of Klf15 abrogated dexamethasone-induced podocyte recovery. Furthermore, knockdown of KLF15 reduced cell survival and destabilized the actin cytoskeleton in differentiated human podocytes. Conversely, overexpression of KLF15 stabilized the actin cytoskeleton under cell stress in human podocytes. Finally, the level of KLF15 expression in the podocytes and glomeruli from human biopsy specimens correlated with glucocorticoid responsiveness in 35 patients with minimal change disease or primary FSGS. Thus, these studies identify the critical role of KLF15 in mediating the salutary effects of glucocorticoids in the podocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiqing Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and
| | - Monica P Revelo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | - Jason Ling
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Victoria Ly
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and
| | | | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Institute Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yuan Lu
- Case Cardiovascular Institute Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and
| | - Anita Mehrotra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
| | - Rabi Yacoub
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
| | | | | | - Vincent W Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - John C He
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and.,Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York
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35
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O'Reilly VP, Wong L, Kennedy C, Elliot LA, O'Meachair S, Coughlan AM, O'Brien EC, Ryan MM, Sandoval D, Connolly E, Dekkema GJ, Lau J, Abdulahad WH, Sanders JSF, Heeringa P, Buckley C, O'Brien C, Finn S, Cohen CD, Lindemeyer MT, Hickey FB, O'Hara PV, Feighery C, Moran SM, Mellotte G, Clarkson MR, Dorman AJ, Murray PT, Little MA. Urinary Soluble CD163 in Active Renal Vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:2906-16. [PMID: 26940094 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A specific biomarker that can separate active renal vasculitis from other causes of renal dysfunction is lacking, with a kidney biopsy often being required. Soluble CD163 (sCD163), shed by monocytes and macrophages, has been reported as a potential biomarker in diseases associated with excessive macrophage activation. Thus, we hypothesized that urinary sCD163 shed by crescent macrophages correlates with active glomerular inflammation. We detected sCD163 in rat urine early in the disease course of experimental vasculitis. Moreover, microdissected glomeruli from patients with small vessel vasculitis (SVV) had markedly higher levels of CD163 mRNA than did those from patients with lupus nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, or nephrotic syndrome. Both glomeruli and interstitium of patients with SVV strongly expressed CD163 protein. In 479 individuals, including patients with SVV, disease controls, and healthy controls, serum levels of sCD163 did not differ between the groups. However, in an inception cohort, including 177 patients with SVV, patients with active renal vasculitis had markedly higher urinary sCD163 levels than did patients in remission, disease controls, or healthy controls. Analyses in both internal and external validation cohorts confirmed these results. Setting a derived optimum cutoff for urinary sCD163 of 0.3 ng/mmol creatinine for detection of active renal vasculitis resulted in a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 96%, and a positive likelihood ratio of 20.8. These data indicate that urinary sCD163 level associates very tightly with active renal vasculitis, and assessing this level may be a noninvasive method for diagnosing renal flare in the setting of a known diagnosis of SVV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Louise A Elliot
- Department of Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane O'Meachair
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wayel H Abdulahad
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Colm Buckley
- Department of Renal Histopathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathal O'Brien
- Labmed Directorate, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Finn
- Labmed Directorate, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindemeyer
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Conleth Feighery
- Department of Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Michael R Clarkson
- Department of Renal Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland; and
| | - Anthony J Dorman
- Department of Renal Histopathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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36
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Photoperiodic Modulation of Circadian Clock and Reproductive Axis Gene Expression in the Pre-Pubertal European Sea Bass Brain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144158. [PMID: 26641263 PMCID: PMC4671726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of reproductive competence requires the activation of the brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis, which in most vertebrates, including fishes, is initiated by changes in photoperiod. In the European sea bass long-term exposure to continuous light (LL) alters the rhythm of reproductive hormones, delays spermatogenesis and reduces the incidence of precocious males. In contrast, an early shift from long to short photoperiod (AP) accelerates spermatogenesis. However, how photoperiod affects key genes in the brain to trigger the onset of puberty is still largely unknown. Here, we investigated if the integration of the light stimulus by clock proteins is sufficient to activate key genes that trigger the BPG axis in the European sea bass. We found that the clock genes clock, npas2, bmal1 and the BPG genes gnrh, kiss and kissr share conserved transcription factor frameworks in their promoters, suggesting co-regulation. Other gene promoters of the BGP axis were also predicted to be co-regulated by the same frameworks. Co-regulation was confirmed through gene expression analysis of brains from males exposed to LL or AP photoperiod compared to natural conditions: LL fish had suppressed gnrh1, kiss2, galr1b and esr1, while AP fish had stimulated npas2, gnrh1, gnrh2, kiss2, kiss1rb and galr1b compared to NP. It is concluded that fish exposed to different photoperiods present significant expression differences in some clock and reproductive axis related genes well before the first detectable endocrine and morphological responses of the BPG axis.
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37
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Schörg A, Santambrogio S, Platt JL, Schödel J, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Schrödter K, Mole DR, Wenger RH, Hoogewijs D. Destruction of a distal hypoxia response element abolishes trans-activation of the PAG1 gene mediated by HIF-independent chromatin looping. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:5810-23. [PMID: 26007655 PMCID: PMC4499134 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A crucial step in the cellular adaptation to oxygen deficiency is the binding of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) to hypoxia response elements (HREs) of oxygen-regulated genes. Genome-wide HIF-1α/2α/β DNA-binding studies revealed that the majority of HREs reside distant to the promoter regions, but the function of these distal HREs has only been marginally studied in the genomic context. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), gene editing (TALEN) and chromosome conformation capture (3C) to localize and functionally characterize a 82 kb upstream HRE that solely drives oxygen-regulated expression of the newly identified HIF target gene PAG1. PAG1, a transmembrane adaptor protein involved in Src signalling, was hypoxically induced in various cell lines and mouse tissues. ChIP and reporter gene assays demonstrated that the -82 kb HRE regulates PAG1, but not an equally distant gene further upstream, by direct interaction with HIF. Ablation of the consensus HRE motif abolished the hypoxic induction of PAG1 but not general oxygen signalling. 3C assays revealed that the -82 kb HRE physically associates with the PAG1 promoter region, independent of HIF-DNA interaction. These results demonstrate a constitutive interaction between the -82 kb HRE and the PAG1 promoter, suggesting a physiologically important rapid response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schörg
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Santambrogio
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - James L Platt
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Ox3 7BN, UK
| | - Johannes Schödel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Switzerland
| | - Katrin Schrödter
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - David R Mole
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Ox3 7BN, UK
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Switzerland
| | - David Hoogewijs
- Institute of Physiology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Switzerland Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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38
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Dong L, Pietsch S, Englert C. Towards an understanding of kidney diseases associated with WT1 mutations. Kidney Int 2015; 88:684-90. [PMID: 26154924 PMCID: PMC4687464 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) cause a wide spectrum of renal manifestations, eventually leading to end-stage kidney failure. Insufficient understanding of WT1's molecular functions in kidney development has hampered efficient therapeutic applications for WT1-associated diseases. Recently, the generation and characterization of mouse models and application of multiple state-of-the-art approaches have significantly expanded our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of how WT1 mutations lead to kidney failure. Here, we discuss the WT1 binding consensus and illustrate the major roles of WT1 in different cell populations in kidney biology. WT1 controls metanephric mesenchyme (MM) self-renewal and proliferation mainly by regulating FGF and BMP-pSMAD signaling pathways as well as Sall1 and Pax2, encoding key transcription factors; WT1 drives MM differentiation and mesenchyme–epithelial transition by targeting Fgf8 and Wnt4; WT1 defines podocyte identity by activation of other podocyte-specific transcription factors, including Mafb, Lmx1b, FoxC2, and Tcf21. These factors potentially cooperate with WT1 regulating the expression of components and regulators of the cytoskeleton for establishing podocyte polarity, slit diaphragm structure, and focal adhesion to the glomerular basement membrane. Understanding of WT1's function in kidney biology including WT1-regulated pathways will give insights that will eventually help therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Dong
- Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Pietsch
- Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Englert
- Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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39
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Sampson MG, Robertson CC, Martini S, Mariani LH, Lemley KV, Gillies CE, Otto EA, Kopp JB, Randolph A, Vega-Warner V, Eichinger F, Nair V, Gipson DS, Cattran DC, Johnstone DB, O'Toole JF, Bagnasco SM, Song PX, Barisoni L, Troost JP, Kretzler M, Sedor JR. Integrative Genomics Identifies Novel Associations with APOL1 Risk Genotypes in Black NEPTUNE Subjects. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:814-23. [PMID: 26150607 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014111131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
APOL1 variants have been associated with renal phenotypes in blacks. To refine clinical outcomes and discover mechanisms of APOL1-associated kidney injury, we analyzed clinical and genomic datasets derived from 90 black subjects in the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE), stratified by APOL1 risk genotype. Ninety subjects with proteinuria ≥0.5 g/d were enrolled at first biopsy for primary nephrotic syndrome and followed. Clinical outcomes were determined, and renal histomorphometry and sequencing of Mendelian nephrotic syndrome genes were performed. APOL1 variants were genotyped, and glomerular and tubulointerstitial transcriptomes from protocol renal biopsy cores were analyzed for differential and correlative gene expression. Analyses were performed under the recessive model (high-risk genotype defined by two risk alleles). APOL1 high-risk genotype was significantly associated with a 17 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) lower eGFR and a 69% reduction in the probability of complete remission at any time, independent of histologic diagnosis. Neither APOL1 risk group was enriched for Mendelian mutations. On renal biopsy, high-risk genotype was associated with increased fractional interstitial area, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. Risk genotype was not associated with intrarenal APOL1 mRNA expression levels. Differential expression analysis demonstrated an increased steady-state level of five genes associated with the high-risk genotype (CXCL9, CXCL11, and UBD in glomerulus; SNOR14B and MUC13 in tubulointerstitium). APOL1 tubulointerstitial coexpression analysis showed coexpression of APOL1 mRNA levels with a group of intrarenal transcripts that together were associated with increased interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. These data indicate the high-risk APOL1 genotype confers renal risk across histopathologic diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Sampson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases,
| | | | - Sebastian Martini
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and
| | - Laura H Mariani
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and
| | - Kevin V Lemley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Edgar A Otto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Diseases Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anne Randolph
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and
| | | | - Felix Eichinger
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and
| | - Viji Nair
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and
| | - Debbie S Gipson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases
| | - Daniel C Cattran
- Department of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Duncan B Johnstone
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John F O'Toole
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Serena M Bagnasco
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter X Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Laura Barisoni
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jonathan P Troost
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John R Sedor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University and Rammelkamp Center for Education and Research, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, Ohio
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40
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Goya J, Wong AK, Yao V, Krishnan A, Homilius M, Troyanskaya OG. FNTM: a server for predicting functional networks of tissues in mouse. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:W182-7. [PMID: 25940632 PMCID: PMC4489275 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional Networks of Tissues in Mouse (FNTM) provides biomedical researchers with tissue-specific predictions of functional relationships between proteins in the most widely used model organism for human disease, the laboratory mouse. Users can explore FNTM-predicted functional relationships for their tissues and genes of interest or examine gene function and interaction predictions across multiple tissues, all through an interactive, multi-tissue network browser. FNTM makes predictions based on integration of a variety of functional genomic data, including over 13 000 gene expression experiments, and prior knowledge of gene function. FNTM is an ideal starting point for clinical and translational researchers considering a mouse model for their disease of interest, researchers already working with mouse models who are interested in discovering new genes related to their pathways or phenotypes of interest, and biologists working with other organisms to explore the functional relationships of their genes of interest in specific mouse tissue contexts. FNTM predicts tissue-specific functional relationships in 200 tissues, does not require any registration or installation and is freely available for use at http://fntm.princeton.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Goya
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Aaron K Wong
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, NY 10010, USA Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Victoria Yao
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Arjun Krishnan
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Max Homilius
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Olga G Troyanskaya
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, NY 10010, USA Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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Kretzler M, Ju W. A Transcriptional Map of the Renal Tubule: Linking Structure to Function. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2603-5. [PMID: 25817354 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Mallipattu SK, He JC. The beneficial role of retinoids in glomerular disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:16. [PMID: 25853135 PMCID: PMC4370041 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary etiology of CKD is a direct consequence of initial dysfunction and injury of the glomerulus, the main filtration system. Podocytes are terminally differentiated epithelial cells in the glomerulus, whose major function is the maintenance of this renal filtration barrier. Podocyte injury is implicated in many glomerular diseases including focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and HIV-associated nephropathy. In many of these diseased conditions, the podocyte can either undergo dedifferentiation and proliferation, apoptosis, or cell detachment. Regardless of the initial type of injury, the podocyte ultimately loses its functional capacity to maintain the glomerular filtration barrier. Significant injury resulting in a loss of the podocytes and failure to maintain the renal filtration barrier contributes to progressive kidney disease. Consequently, therapies that prevent podocyte injury and promote their regeneration will have a major clinical impact on glomerular disease. Retinoic acid (RA), which is a derivative of vitamin A, has many cellular functions including induction of cell differentiation, regulation of apoptosis, and inhibition of inflammation and proliferation. RA is required for kidney development and is essential for cellular differentiation in the setting of podocyte injury. The mechanism by which RA directs its beneficial effects is multifactorial, ranging from its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects to a direct effect of upregulating podocyte differentiation markers in the podocyte. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of RA in kidney development and glomerular disease. We also highlight the key mechanism(s) by which RA restores podocyte differentiation markers and ameliorates glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University , New York, NY , USA
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA ; Renal Section, James J. Peters VA Medical Center , New York, NY , USA
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Mallipattu SK, Horne SJ, D'Agati V, Narla G, Liu R, Frohman MA, Dickman K, Chen EY, Ma'ayan A, Bialkowska AB, Ghaleb AM, Nandan MO, Jain MK, Daehn I, Chuang PY, Yang VW, He JC. Krüppel-like factor 6 regulates mitochondrial function in the kidney. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1347-61. [PMID: 25689250 DOI: 10.1172/jci77084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of mitochondrial structure and function is critical for preventing podocyte apoptosis and eventual glomerulosclerosis in the kidney; however, the transcription factors that regulate mitochondrial function in podocyte injury remain to be identified. Here, we identified Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), a zinc finger domain transcription factor, as an essential regulator of mitochondrial function in podocyte apoptosis. We observed that podocyte-specific deletion of Klf6 increased the susceptibility of a resistant mouse strain to adriamycin-induced (ADR-induced) focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). KLF6 expression was induced early in response to ADR in mice and cultured human podocytes, and prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathways in these podocytes. Promoter analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that putative KLF6 transcriptional binding sites are present in the promoter of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly gene (SCO2), which is critical for preventing cytochrome c release and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Additionally, KLF6 expression was reduced in podocytes from HIV-1 transgenic mice as well as in renal biopsies from patients with HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and FSGS. Together, these findings indicate that KLF6-dependent regulation of the cytochrome c oxidase assembly gene is critical for maintaining mitochondrial function and preventing podocyte apoptosis.
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Martins R, Vieira FA, Power DM. Calcitonin receptor family evolution and fishing for function using in silico promoter analysis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 209:61-73. [PMID: 24815885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the calcitonin receptor (CTR) sub-family of family B G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in teleosts is evaluated and put in the context of the families overall evolution from echinodermates to vertebrates. Echinodermates, hemichordates, cephalochordates and tunicates have a single gene that encodes a receptor that bears similarity to the vertebrate calcitonin receptor (CTR) and calcitonin-like receptor (CTR/CLR). In tetrapods one gene encodes the calcitonin receptor (CALCR) and another gene the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CALCRL). The evolution of CALCR has been under strong conservative pressure and a single copy is also found in fishes and high conservation of gene organisation and synteny exits from teleosts to human. A teleost specific CTR innovation that occurred after their divergence from holostei is the presence of several HBDs in the N-terminus. CALCRL had a different evolutionary trajectory from CALCR and although a single gene copy is present in tetrapods the sarcopterygii fish, the coelacanth, has 1 copy of CALCRL but also a fish specific form CALCRL3. The ray-finned fish, the spotted gar, has 1 copy of CALCRL and 1 of CALCRL3 but the teleost specific whole genome duplication has resulted in a CALCRL1 and CALCRL2 in addition to the fish specific CALCRL3. Strong conservation of CALCRL gene structure exists from human to fish. Promoter analysis in silico reveals that the duplicated CALCRL genes in the teleosts, zebrafish, takifugu, tetraodon and medaka, have divergent promoters and different putative co-regulated gene partners suggesting their function is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Martins
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Flobela A Vieira
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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A novel pairwise comparison method for in silico discovery of statistically significant cis-regulatory elements in eukaryotic promoter regions: application to Arabidopsis. J Theor Biol 2014; 364:364-76. [PMID: 25303887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cis regulatory elements (CREs), located within promoter regions, play a significant role in the blueprint for transcriptional regulation of genes. There is a growing interest to study the combinatorial nature of CREs including presence or absence of CREs, the number of occurrences of each CRE, as well as of their order and location relative to their target genes. Comparative promoter analysis has been shown to be a reliable strategy to test the significance of each component of promoter architecture. However, it remains unclear what level of difference in the number of occurrences of each CRE is of statistical significance in order to explain different expression patterns of two genes. In this study, we present a novel statistical approach for pairwise comparison of promoters of Arabidopsis genes in the context of number of occurrences of each CRE within the promoters. First, using the sample of 1000 Arabidopsis promoters, the results of the goodness of fit test and non-parametric analysis revealed that the number of occurrences of CREs in a promoter sequence is Poisson distributed. As a promoter sequence contained functional and non-functional CREs, we addressed the issue of the statistical distribution of functional CREs by analyzing the ChIP-seq datasets. The results showed that the number of occurrences of functional CREs over the genomic regions was determined as being Poisson distributed. In accordance with the obtained distribution of CREs occurrences, we suggested the Audic and Claverie (AC) test to compare two promoters based on the number of occurrences for the CREs. Superiority of the AC test over Chi-square (2×2) and Fisher's exact tests was also shown, as the AC test was able to detect a higher number of significant CREs. The two case studies on the Arabidopsis genes were performed in order to biologically verify the pairwise test for promoter comparison. Consequently, a number of CREs with significantly different occurrences was identified between the promoters. The results of the pairwise comparative analysis together with the expression data for the studied genes revealed the biological significance of the identified CREs.
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Matthes M, Preusse M, Zhang J, Schechter J, Mayer D, Lentes B, Theis F, Prakash N, Wurst W, Trümbach D. Mouse IDGenes: a reference database for genetic interactions in the developing mouse brain. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2014; 2014:bau083. [PMID: 25145340 PMCID: PMC4139671 DOI: 10.1093/database/bau083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The study of developmental processes in the mouse and other vertebrates includes the understanding of patterning along the anterior–posterior, dorsal–ventral and medial– lateral axis. Specifically, neural development is also of great clinical relevance because several human neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism disorders or drug addiction and also brain malformations are thought to have neurodevelopmental origins, i.e. pathogenesis initiates during childhood and adolescence. Impacts during early neurodevelopment might also predispose to late-onset neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease. The neural tube develops from its precursor tissue, the neural plate, in a patterning process that is determined by compartmentalization into morphogenetic units, the action of local signaling centers and a well-defined and locally restricted expression of genes and their interactions. While public databases provide gene expression data with spatio-temporal resolution, they usually neglect the genetic interactions that govern neural development. Here, we introduce Mouse IDGenes, a reference database for genetic interactions in the developing mouse brain. The database is highly curated and offers detailed information about gene expressions and the genetic interactions at the developing mid-/hindbrain boundary. To showcase the predictive power of interaction data, we infer new Wnt/β-catenin target genes by machine learning and validate one of them experimentally. The database is updated regularly. Moreover, it can easily be extended by the research community. Mouse IDGenes will contribute as an important resource to the research on mouse brain development, not exclusively by offering data retrieval, but also by allowing data input. Database URL:http://mouseidgenes.helmholtz-muenchen.de.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Matthes
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 München, Germany, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE), Standort München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-In
| | - Martin Preusse
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 München, Germany, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE), Standort München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-In
| | - Jingzhong Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 München, Germany, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE), Standort München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Julia Schechter
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 München, Germany, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE), Standort München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Daniela Mayer
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 München, Germany, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE), Standort München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Bernd Lentes
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 München, Germany, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE), Standort München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Fabian Theis
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 München, Germany, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE), Standort München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-In
| | - Nilima Prakash
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 München, Germany, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE), Standort München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 München, Germany, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE), Standort München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-In
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 München, Germany, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE), Standort München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Emil-Ramannstr. 8, 85354 Freising, Germany, Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Technische Universität München, Zentrum Mathematik, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-In
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Beeken M, Lindenmeyer MT, Blattner SM, Radón V, Oh J, Meyer TN, Hildebrand D, Schlüter H, Reinicke AT, Knop JH, Vivekanandan-Giri A, Münster S, Sachs M, Wiech T, Pennathur S, Cohen CD, Kretzler M, Stahl RAK, Meyer-Schwesinger C. Alterations in the ubiquitin proteasome system in persistent but not reversible proteinuric diseases. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2511-25. [PMID: 24722446 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013050522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are the key cells affected in nephrotic glomerular kidney diseases, and they respond uniformly to injury with cytoskeletal rearrangement. In nephrotic diseases, such as membranous nephropathy and FSGS, persistent injury often leads to irreversible structural damage, whereas in minimal change disease, structural alterations are mostly transient. The factors leading to persistent podocyte injury are currently unknown. Proteolysis is an irreversible process and could trigger persistent podocyte injury through degradation of podocyte-specific proteins. We, therefore, analyzed the expression and functional consequence of the two most prominent proteolytic systems, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagosomal/lysosomal system, in persistent and transient podocyte injuries. We show that differential upregulation of both proteolytic systems occurs in persistent human and rodent podocyte injury. The expression of specific UPS proteins in podocytes differentiated children with minimal change disease from children with FSGS and correlated with poor clinical outcome. Degradation of the podocyte-specific protein α-actinin-4 by the UPS depended on oxidative modification in membranous nephropathy. Notably, the UPS was overwhelmed in podocytes during experimental glomerular disease, resulting in abnormal protein accumulation and compensatory upregulation of the autophagosomal/lysosomal system. Accordingly, inhibition of both proteolytic systems enhanced proteinuria in persistent nephrotic disease. This study identifies altered proteolysis as a feature of persistent podocyte injury. In the future, specific UPS proteins may serve as new biomarkers or therapeutic targets in persistent nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Institute of Physiology and Division of Nephrology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone M Blattner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | | | | | - Tobias N Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Affiliated Asklepios Clinic Hamburg Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diana Hildebrand
- Clinical Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry and Proteome Analysis, and
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Clinical Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry and Proteome Analysis, and
| | | | | | - Anuradha Vivekanandan-Giri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | | | | | - Thorsten Wiech
- Pathology, Division of Renal Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Institute of Physiology and Division of Nephrology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
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Lohmann F, Sachs M, Meyer TN, Sievert H, Lindenmeyer MT, Wiech T, Cohen CD, Balabanov S, Stahl RAK, Meyer-Schwesinger C. UCH-L1 induces podocyte hypertrophy in membranous nephropathy by protein accumulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:945-58. [PMID: 24583340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are terminally differentiated cells of the glomerular filtration barrier that react with hypertrophy in the course of injury such as in membranous nephropathy (MGN). The neuronal deubiquitinase ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is expressed and activated in podocytes of human and rodent MGN. UCH-L1 regulates the mono-ubiquitin pool and induces accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins in affected podocytes. Here, we investigated the role of UCH-L1 in podocyte hypertrophy and in the homeostasis of the hypertrophy associated "model protein" p27(Kip1). A better understanding of the basic mechanisms leading to podocyte hypertrophy is crucial for the development of specific therapies in MGN. In human and rat MGN, hypertrophic podocytes exhibited a simultaneous up-regulation of UCH-L1 and of cytoplasmic p27(Kip1) content. Functionally, inhibition of UCH-L1 activity and knockdown or inhibition of UCH-L1 attenuated podocyte hypertrophy by decreasing the total protein content in isolated glomeruli and in cultured podocytes. In contrast, UCH-L1 levels and activity increased podocyte hypertrophy and total protein content in culture, specifically of cytoplasmic p27(Kip1). UCH-L1 enhanced cytoplasmic p27(Kip1) levels by nuclear export and decreased poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of p27(Kip1). In parallel, UCH-L1 increased podocyte turnover, migration and cytoskeletal rearrangement, which are associated with known oncogenic functions of cytoplasmic p27(Kip1) in cancer. We propose that UCH-L1 induces podocyte hypertrophy in MGN by increasing the total protein content through altered degradation and accumulation of proteins such as p27(Kip1) in the cytoplasm of podocytes. Modification of both UCH-L1 activity and levels could be a new therapeutic avenue to podocyte hypertrophy in MGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frithjof Lohmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlies Sachs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias N Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Asklepios Klinikum Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Sievert
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Institute of Physiology and Division of Nephrology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Department of Pathology, Division of Renal Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Institute of Physiology and Division of Nephrology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - R A K Stahl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Hosseinpour B, Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Khosravi P, Ebrahimie E. Predicting distinct organization of transcription factor binding sites on the promoter regions: a new genome-based approach to expand human embryonic stem cell regulatory network. Gene 2013; 531:212-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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50
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DAX1 regulatory networks unveil conserved and potentially new functions. Gene 2013; 530:66-74. [PMID: 23954228 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DAX1 is an orphan nuclear receptor with actions in mammalian sex determination, regulation of steroidogenesis, embryonic development and neural differentiation. Conserved patterns of DAX1 gene expression from mammals to fish have been taken to suggest conserved function. In the present study, the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, DAX1 promoter was isolated and its conserved features compared to other fish and mammalian DAX1 promoters in order to derive common regulators and functional gene networks. Fish and mammalian DAX1 promoters share common sets of transcription factor frameworks which were also present in the promoter region of another 127 genes. Pathway analysis clustered these into candidate gene networks associated with the fish and mammalian DAX1. The networks identified are concordant with described functions for DAX1 in embryogenesis, regulation of transcription, endocrine development and steroid production. Novel candidate gene network partners were also identified, which implicate DAX1 in ion homeostasis and transport, lipid transport and skeletal development. Experimental evidence is provided supporting roles for DAX1 in steroid signalling and osmoregulation in fish. These results highlight the usefulness of the in silico comparative approach to analyse gene regulation for hypothesis generation. Conserved promoter architecture can be used also to predict potentially new gene functions. The approach reported can be applied to genes from model and non-model species.
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