1
|
Cardama GA, Bucci PL, Lemos JS, Llavona C, Benavente MA, Hellmén E, Fara ML, Medrano E, Spitzer E, Demarco IA, Sabella P, Garona J, Alonso DF. In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of Bevacizumab Biosimilar MB02 as an Antitumor Agent in Canine Mammary Carcinoma. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2507. [PMID: 37570315 PMCID: PMC10417262 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary carcinomas (CMC) are associated with major aggressive clinical behavior and high mortality. The current standard of care is based on surgical resection, without an established effective treatment scheme, highlighting the urgent need to develop novel effective therapies. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of tumor angiogenesis and progression in the majority of solid cancers, including human and canine mammary carcinomas. The first therapy developed to target VEGF was bevacizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, which has already been approved as an anticancer agent in several human cancers. The goal of this work was to establish the therapeutic value of MB02 bevacizumab biosimilar in CMC. First, through different in silico approaches using the MUSCLE multiple-sequence alignment tool and the FoldX protein design algorithm, we were able to predict that canine VEGF is recognized by bevacizumab, after showing an extremely high sequence similarity between canine and human VEGF. Further, by using an ELISA-based in vitro binding assay, we confirmed that MB02 biosimilar was able to recognize canine VEGF. Additionally, canine VEGF-induced microvascular endothelial cell proliferation was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by MB02 biosimilar. These encouraging results show a high potential for MB02 as a promising therapeutic agent for the management of CMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina A. Cardama
- Centro de Oncología Molecular y Traslacional (COMTra), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina; (P.L.B.); (J.S.L.); (C.L.); (J.G.)
- Plataforma de Servicios Biotecnológicos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1040, Argentina;
| | - Paula L. Bucci
- Centro de Oncología Molecular y Traslacional (COMTra), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina; (P.L.B.); (J.S.L.); (C.L.); (J.G.)
- Plataforma de Servicios Biotecnológicos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina
| | - Jesús S. Lemos
- Centro de Oncología Molecular y Traslacional (COMTra), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina; (P.L.B.); (J.S.L.); (C.L.); (J.G.)
- Plataforma de Servicios Biotecnológicos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina
| | - Candela Llavona
- Centro de Oncología Molecular y Traslacional (COMTra), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina; (P.L.B.); (J.S.L.); (C.L.); (J.G.)
- Centro de Medicina Traslacional (CEMET), Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Red S.A.M.I.C. El Cruce “Nestor Kirchner”, Florencio Varela B5401, Argentina
| | - Micaela A. Benavente
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1040, Argentina;
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil B7000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET—CICPBA—Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil B7000, Argentina
| | - Eva Hellmén
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - María Laura Fara
- Laboratorio Elea Phoenix S.A, Los Polvorines B1613, Argentina; (M.L.F.); (E.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Eduardo Medrano
- Laboratorio Elea Phoenix S.A, Los Polvorines B1613, Argentina; (M.L.F.); (E.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Eduardo Spitzer
- Laboratorio Elea Phoenix S.A, Los Polvorines B1613, Argentina; (M.L.F.); (E.M.); (E.S.)
| | | | | | - Juan Garona
- Centro de Oncología Molecular y Traslacional (COMTra), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina; (P.L.B.); (J.S.L.); (C.L.); (J.G.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1040, Argentina;
- Centro de Medicina Traslacional (CEMET), Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Red S.A.M.I.C. El Cruce “Nestor Kirchner”, Florencio Varela B5401, Argentina
| | - Daniel F. Alonso
- Centro de Oncología Molecular y Traslacional (COMTra), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina; (P.L.B.); (J.S.L.); (C.L.); (J.G.)
- Plataforma de Servicios Biotecnológicos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal B1876, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1040, Argentina;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Butel-Simoes LE, Haw TJ, Williams T, Sritharan S, Gadre P, Herrmann SM, Herrmann J, Ngo DTM, Sverdlov AL. Established and Emerging Cancer Therapies and Cardiovascular System: Focus on Hypertension-Mechanisms and Mitigation. Hypertension 2023; 80:685-710. [PMID: 36756872 PMCID: PMC10023512 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.17947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and cancer are 2 of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although improvements in outcomes have been noted for both disease entities, the success of cancer therapies has come at the cost of at times very impactful adverse events such as cardiovascular events. Hypertension has been noted as both, a side effect as well as a risk factor for the cardiotoxicity of cancer therapies. Some of these dynamics are in keeping with the role of hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor not only for heart failure, but also for the development of coronary and cerebrovascular disease, and kidney disease and its association with a higher morbidity and mortality overall. Other aspects such as the molecular mechanisms underlying the amplification of acute and long-term cardiotoxicity risk of anthracyclines and increase in blood pressure with various cancer therapeutics remain to be elucidated. In this review, we cover the latest clinical data regarding the risk of hypertension across a spectrum of novel anticancer therapies as well as the underlying known or postulated pathophysiological mechanisms. Furthermore, we review the acute and long-term implications for the amplification of the development of cardiotoxicity with drugs not commonly associated with hypertension such as anthracyclines. An outline of management strategies, including pharmacological and lifestyle interventions as well as models of care aimed to facilitate early detection and more timely management of hypertension in patients with cancer and survivors concludes this review, which overall aims to improve both cardiovascular and cancer-specific outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd E Butel-Simoes
- Cardiovascular Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Newcastle Centre of Excellence in Cardio-Oncology, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Trent Williams
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Newcastle Centre of Excellence in Cardio-Oncology, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Shanathan Sritharan
- Department of Medicine, Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Payal Gadre
- Department of Medicine, Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra M Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Doan TM Ngo
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Newcastle Centre of Excellence in Cardio-Oncology, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Aaron L Sverdlov
- Cardiovascular Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
- Newcastle Centre of Excellence in Cardio-Oncology, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Venkatesh D, Merghoub T. Paving the Way for Cancer Therapy a Nano Step at a Time. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:327-330. [PMID: 36822843 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Venkatesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Y, Wang J, Liu WN, Fong SY, Shuen TWH, Liu M, Harden S, Tan SY, Cheng JY, Tan WWS, Chan JKY, Chee CE, Lee GH, Toh HC, Lim SG, Wan Y, Chen Q. Analysis and Validation of Human Targets and Treatments Using a Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Immune Humanized Mouse Model. Hepatology 2021; 74:1395-1410. [PMID: 33738839 PMCID: PMC9540409 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent development of multiple treatments for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has allowed for the selection of combination therapy to enhance the effectiveness of monotherapy. Optimal selection of therapies is based on both HCC and its microenvironment. Therefore, it is critical to develop and validate preclinical animal models for testing clinical therapeutic solutions. APPROACH AND RESULTS We established cell line-based or patient-derived xenograft-based humanized-immune-system mouse models with subcutaneous and orthotopic HCC. Mice were injected with human-specific antibodies (Abs) to deplete human immune cells. We analyzed the transcription profiles of HCC cells and human immune cells by using real-time PCR and RNA sequencing. The protein level of HCC tumor cells/tissues or human immune cells was determined by using flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The HCC tumor size was measured after single, dual-combination, and triple-combination treatment using N-(1',2-Dihydroxy-1,2'-binaphthalen-4'-yl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (C188-9), bevacizumab, and pembrolizumab. In this study, human immune cells in the tumor microenvironment were strongly selected and modulated by HCC, which promoted the activation of the IL-6/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in tumor cells and led to augmented HCC proliferation and angiogenesis by releasing angiogenic cytokines in humanized-immune-system mice with HCC. In particular, intratumor human cluster of differentiation-positive (hCD14+ ) cells could produce IL-33 through damage-associated molecular pattern/Toll-like receptor 4/activator protein 1, which up-regulated IL-6 in other intratumor immune cells and activated the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in HCC. Specific knockdown of the CD14 gene in human monocytes could impair IL-33 production induced by cell lysates. Subsequently, we evaluated the in vivo anti-HCC effect of C188-9, bevacizumab, and pembrolizumab. The results showed that the anti-HCC effect of triple-combination therapy was superior to that of single or dual treatments. CONCLUSIONS Humanized-immune-system HCC mouse models are suitable for identifying targets from cancer and immune components and for testing combinational therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Jiaxu Wang
- Genome Institute of SingaporeAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Wai Nam Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Shin Yie Fong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | | | - Min Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Sarah Harden
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Sue Yee Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Jia Ying Cheng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Wilson Wei Sheng Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- Department of Reproductive MedicineKandang Kerbau Women’s and Children's HospitalSingapore,Experimental Fetal Medicine GroupYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Cheng Ean Chee
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyNational University Cancer InstituteSingapore
| | - Guan Huei Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyNational University Health SystemSingapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingapore
| | - Seng Gee Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyNational University Health SystemSingapore
| | - Yue Wan
- Genome Institute of SingaporeAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heparin-binding VEGFR1 variants as long-acting VEGF inhibitors for treatment of intraocular neovascular disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:1921252118. [PMID: 34006633 PMCID: PMC8166142 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921252118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization is a key feature of ischemic retinal diseases and the wet form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), all leading causes of severe vision loss. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors have transformed the treatment of these disorders. Millions of patients have been treated with these drugs worldwide. However, in real-life clinical settings, many patients do not experience the same degree of benefit observed in clinical trials, in part because they receive fewer anti-VEGF injections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover and identify novel long-acting VEGF inhibitors. We hypothesized that binding to heparan-sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) in the vitreous, and possibly other ocular structures, may be a strategy to promote intraocular retention, ultimately leading to a reduced burden of intravitreal injections. We designed a series of VEGF receptor 1 variants and identified some with strong heparin-binding characteristics and ability to bind to vitreous matrix. Our data indicate that some of our variants have longer duration and greater efficacy in animal models of intraocular neovascularization than current standard of care. Our study represents a systematic attempt to exploit the functional diversity associated with heparin affinity of a VEGF receptor.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shao JW, Wang JD, He Q, Yang Y, Zou YY, Su W, Xiang ST, Li JB, Fang J. Three-dimensional-arterial spin labeling perfusion correlation with diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction and vascular endothelial growth factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:499-513. [PMID: 33889293 PMCID: PMC8040076 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been strongly associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction and dementia. The mechanisms of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD) have not been fully elucidated to date. Some studies proved lower cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the hippocampus was associated with poor executive function and memory in T2DM. Increasing evidence showed that diabetes leads to abnormal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and CBF changes in humans and animal models. In this study, we hypothesized that DACD was correlated with CBF alteration as measured by three-dimensional (3D) arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL) and VEGF expression in the hippocampus.
AIM To assess the correlation between CBF (measured by 3D-ASL and VEGF expression) and DACD in a rat model of T2DM.
METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into control and T2DM groups. The T2DM group was established by feeding rats a high-fat diet and glucose to induce impaired glucose tolerance and then injecting them with streptozotocin to induce T2DM. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze experiment. The CBF changes were measured by 3D-ASL magnetic resonance imaging. VEGF expression was determined using immunofluorescence.
RESULTS The escape latency time significantly reduced 15 wk after streptozotocin injection in the T2DM group. The total distance traveled was longer in the T2DM group; also, the platform was crossed fewer times. The percentage of distance in the target zone significantly decreased. CBF decreased in the bilateral hippocampus in the T2DM group. No difference was found between the right CBF value and the left CBF value in the T2DM group. The VEGF expression level in the hippocampus was lower in the T2DM group and correlated with the CBF value. The escape latency negatively correlated with the CBF value. The number of rats crossing the platform positively correlated with the CBF value.
CONCLUSION Low CBF in the hippocampus and decreased VEGF expression might be crucial in DACD. CBF measured by 3D-ASL might serve as a noninvasive imaging biomarker for cognitive impairment associated with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Wei Shao
- Department of Radiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, Yunnan Province, China
- College of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jin-De Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Radiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650021, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Radiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shu-Tian Xiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jian-Bo Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Institute for Health Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dobbin SJ, Petrie MC, Myles RC, Touyz RM, Lang NN. Cardiotoxic effects of angiogenesis inhibitors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:71-100. [PMID: 33404052 PMCID: PMC7812690 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapies for cancer has led to dramatic improvements in survivorship. Angiogenesis inhibitors represent one such advancement, revolutionising treatment for a wide range of malignancies. However, these drugs are associated with cardiovascular toxicities which can impact optimal cancer treatment in the short-term and may lead to increased morbidity and mortality in the longer term. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (VEGFIs) are associated with hypertension, left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and heart failure as well as arterial and venous thromboembolism, QTc interval prolongation and arrhythmia. The mechanisms behind the development of VEGFI-associated LVSD and heart failure likely involve the combination of a number of myocardial insults. These include direct myocardial effects, as well as secondary toxicity via coronary or peripheral vascular damage. Cardiac toxicity may result from the 'on-target' effects of VEGF inhibition or 'off-target' effects resulting from inhibition of other tyrosine kinases. Similar mechanisms may be involved in the development of VEGFI-associated right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Some VEGFIs can be associated with QTc interval prolongation and an increased risk of ventricular and atrial arrhythmia. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies and trials are needed to better understand the impact of VEGFI on the cardiovascular system. Once mechanisms are elucidated, therapies can be investigated in clinical trials and surveillance strategies for identifying VEGFI-associated cardiovascular complications can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J.H. Dobbin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Mark C. Petrie
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Rachel C. Myles
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Ninian N. Lang
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ko JH, Kwon HS, Kim B, Min G, Shin C, Yang SW, Lee SW, Lee Y, Hong D, Kim YS. Preclinical Efficacy and Safety of an Anti-Human VEGFA and Anti-Human NRP1 Dual-Targeting Bispecific Antibody (IDB0076). Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060919. [PMID: 32560565 PMCID: PMC7356919 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although bevacizumab (Avastin®) has been approved as an antiangiogenic agent against some cancers, the efficacy is transient and unsatisfactory in other cancers most likely owing to the presence of alternative proangiogenic factors. Therefore, simultaneous blocking of several proangiogenic factors may be a promising strategy for antiangiogenic cancer therapeutics. Accordingly, neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is an attractive target because it serves as a multifunctional receptor for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. Here, we aimed to generate and test an anti-VEGFA and anti-NRP1 dual-targeting bispecific antibody (named as IDB0076) by genetic fusion of an NRP1-targeting peptide to the C-terminus of the bevacizumab heavy chain. Similar to the parental antibody (bevacizumab), IDB0076 suppressed VEGFA-induced migration of human endothelial cells. In contrast, IDB0076 inhibited endothelial-cell migration induced by other angiogenesis growth factors and manifested a more potent antitumor activity than that of bevacizumab in a murine tumor xenograft model. When toxicity was preliminarily evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys, IDB0076 showed no substantial adverse effects, e.g., the absence of noticeable nephrotoxicity, which has previously been documented for the combination therapy of bevacizumab and an anti-NRP1 antibody. Thus, VEGFA-and-NRP1 dual-targeting bispecific antibody IDB0076 may be a potent and safe anticancer agent worthy of further preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hee Ko
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Bomin Kim
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Gihong Min
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Chorong Shin
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Seok-Woo Yang
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Seong Wook Lee
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Dahae Hong
- Research Laboratory, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18449, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-S.K.); (B.K.); (G.M.); (C.S.); (S.-W.Y.); (S.W.L.); (Y.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82 31-219-2662
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moinuddin O, Sathrasala S, Jayasundera KT, Branham KH, Chang EY, Qian CX, Recchia FM, Fahim AT, Besirli CG. Coats-like Exudative Vitreoretinopathy in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Ocular Manifestations and Treatment Outcomes. Ophthalmol Retina 2020; 5:86-96. [PMID: 32507488 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a comprehensive review of the ocular manifestations, outcomes, and genetic findings in patients with Coats-like retinitis pigmentosa (RP). DESIGN Multicenter, retrospective, nonconsecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS Patients with a diagnosis of RP demonstrating Coats-like exudative vitreoretinopathy between January 1, 2008, and October 1, 2019. METHODS Evaluation of ocular findings at RP diagnosis and at time of presentation of Coats-like exudative vitreoretinopathy, pedigree analysis, genetic testing, retinal imaging, and anatomic outcomes after treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Visual acuity, ophthalmoscopy results, OCT results, fluorescein angiography results, and identification of genetic mutations. RESULTS Nine patients diagnosed with RP and demonstrating Coats-like exudative vitreoretinopathy were included. Median age at time of RP diagnosis was 8 years (range, 1-22 years), and median age at presentation of Coats-like exudative vitreoretinopathy was 18 years (range, 1-41 years). Seven patients were female, and 2 were male. The genetic cause of disease was identified in 6 patients. Three patients demonstrated Coats-like fundus findings at the time of RP diagnosis. Exudative retinal detachment (ERD) localized to the infratemporal periphery was present in all patients, with bilateral disease observed in 7 patients. In all treated patients, focal laser photocoagulation was used to treat leaking telangiectasias and to limit further ERD expansion. Cystoid macular edema refractory to carbonic anhydrase inhibitor therapy and ultimately amenable to treatment with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection was observed in 4 patients. CONCLUSIONS Coats-like vitreoretinopathy is present in up to 5% of all RP patients. The term Coats-like RP is used colloquially to describe this disease state, which can present at the time of RP diagnosis or, more commonly, develops late during the clinical course of patients with longstanding RP. Coats-like RP is distinct from Coats disease in that exudative pathologic features occur exclusively in the setting of a coexisting RP diagnosis, is restricted to the infratemporal retina, can affect both eyes, and does not demonstrate a male gender bias. Given the risk of added vision loss posed by exudative vitreoretinopathy in patients with RP, a heightened awareness of this condition is critical in facilitating timely intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Moinuddin
- W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sanjana Sathrasala
- W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - K Thiran Jayasundera
- W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kari H Branham
- W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Cynthia X Qian
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Abigail T Fahim
- W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cagri G Besirli
- W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Person F, Rinschen MM, Brix SR, Wulf S, Noriega MDLM, Fehrle W, Schmitz J, Schwarz A, Ivanyi P, Steinmetz OM, Reinhard L, Hoxha E, Zipfel PF, Bräsen JH, Wiech T. Bevacizumab-associated glomerular microangiopathy. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:684-700. [PMID: 30552416 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody, which neutralizes vascular endothelial growth factor and is used for treating multiple cancer types. As a known and frequent adverse event, this therapy can lead to renal damage including proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. In a retrospective approach, we analyzed 17 renal biopsies from patients receiving bevacizumab treatment. We observed a distinctive histopathological pseudothrombotic pattern different from the previously reported thrombotic microangiopathy. Since this pattern includes some features similar to acute and chronic thrombotic microangiopathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, biopsies with these diagnoses were included for comparison. Clinical, laboratory, light microscopic, immunohistochemical (including a proximity ligation assay), proteomic and electron microscopic features were assessed. Nephrotic syndrome was present in 15 of the 17 bevacizumab-treated patients. All 17 displayed a patchy pattern of variably PAS-positive hyaline pseudothrombi occluding markedly dilated glomerular capillaries in their biopsies. Mass spectrometry-based proteome analysis revealed a special protein pattern demonstrating some features of thrombotic microangiopathy and some of cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis, including a strong accumulation of IgG in the pseudothrombi. Proximity ligation assay did not show interaction of IgG with C1q, arguing for accumulation without classic pathway complement activation. In contrast to thrombi in thrombotic microangiopathy cases, the hyaline pseudothrombi did not contain clusters of CD61-positive platelets. Electron microscopy of bevacizumab cases did not show fibrin polymers or extensive loss of podocyte foot processes. Even though cases of bevacizumab-associated microangiopathy share some features with thrombotic microangiopathy, its overall histopathological pattern is quite different from acute or chronic thrombotic microangiopathy cases. We conclude that bevacizumab therapy can lead to a unique hyaline occlusive glomerular microangiopathy, likely arising from endothelial leakage followed by subendothelial accumulation of serum proteins. It can be diagnosed by light microscopy and is an important differential diagnosis in cancer patients with nephrotic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fermin Person
- Institute of Pathology and Nephropathology Section, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Silke R Brix
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonia Wulf
- Institute of Pathology and Nephropathology Section, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Wilfried Fehrle
- Institute of Pathology and Nephropathology Section, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Nephropathology Unit, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anke Schwarz
- Clinic for Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Ivanyi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver M Steinmetz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Reinhard
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elion Hoxha
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter F Zipfel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Hinrich Bräsen
- Nephropathology Unit, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Institute of Pathology and Nephropathology Section, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu B, Hwang D, Jeon H, Kim H, Lee Y, Keum H, Kim J, Lee DY, Kim Y, Chung J, Jon S. A Hybrid Platform Based on a Bispecific Peptide-Antibody Complex for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byeongjun Yu
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dobeen Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Seoul National University College of Medicine; 103 Daehak-ro Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsu Jeon
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Lee
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseop Keum
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjoo Kim
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering; KAIST; 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Seoul National University College of Medicine; 103 Daehak-ro Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering; KAIST; 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine; KAIST; 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu B, Hwang D, Jeon H, Kim H, Lee Y, Keum H, Kim J, Lee DY, Kim Y, Chung J, Jon S. A Hybrid Platform Based on a Bispecific Peptide-Antibody Complex for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2005-2010. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byeongjun Yu
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dobeen Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Seoul National University College of Medicine; 103 Daehak-ro Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsu Jeon
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Lee
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseop Keum
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjoo Kim
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering; KAIST; 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Seoul National University College of Medicine; 103 Daehak-ro Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury; Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering; KAIST; 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine; KAIST; 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mérida S, Sancho-Tello M, Almansa I, Desco C, Peris C, Moreno ML, Villar VM, Navea A, Bosch-Morell F. Bevacizumab Diminishes Inflammation in an Acute Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis Model. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:649. [PMID: 29971005 PMCID: PMC6018210 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Uveitis is an eye disease characterized by inflammation of the uvea and an early and exhaustive diagnosis is essential for its treatment. The aim of our study is to assess the potential toxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Bevacizumab in an experimental uveitis model by subcutaneously injecting lipopolysaccharide into Lewis rats and to clarify its mechanism. Material and Methods: Blood-aqueous barrier integrity was assessed 24 h after endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) by analyzing two parameters: cell count and protein concentration in aqueous humors. Histopathology of all eye structures was also studied. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent analyses of the aqueous humor samples were performed in order to calculate the diverse chemokine and cytokine protein levels and oxidative stress-related markers were also evaluated. Results: The aqueous humor's cellular content significantly increased in the group treated with only Bevacizumab, but it had no effect on retina histopathological grading. Nevertheless, the inflammation noted in ocular structures when administering Bevacizumab with endotoxin was mostly prevented since aqueous humor cell content considerably lowered, and concomitantly with a sharp drop in uveal, vitreous, and retina histopathological grading. The values of the multi-faceted cytokine IL-2 also significantly decreased (p < 0.05 vs. endotoxin group), and the protective IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines values rose with related anti-oxidant system recovery (p < 0.05 vs. endotoxin group). Concurrently, some related M1 macrophage chemokines substantially increased, e.g., GRO/KC, a chemokine that also displays any kind of protective role. Conclusion: All these results revealed that 24 h after being administered, Bevacizumab treatment in EIU significantly prevented inflammation in various eye structures and correct results in efficacy vs. toxicity balance were obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Mérida
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Almansa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Desco
- Department of Medical Ophtalmology, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Peris
- Department of Medical Ophtalmology, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari-Luz Moreno
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vincent M. Villar
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Navea
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Bosch-Morell
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Ophtalmology, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chaganty BKR, Qiu S, Gest A, Lu Y, Ivan C, Calin GA, Weiner LM, Fan Z. Trastuzumab upregulates PD-L1 as a potential mechanism of trastuzumab resistance through engagement of immune effector cells and stimulation of IFNγ secretion. Cancer Lett 2018; 430:47-56. [PMID: 29746929 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report that treatment of syngeneic mouse tumors transduced to overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) with the anti-human HER2 antibody trastuzumab upregulated the level of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), an important negative regulator of T-cell response, in a transgenic mouse model immune-tolerant to human HER2. We further found that trastuzumab alone had no detectable effect on the level of PD-L1 expression in monocultures of HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer cells but upregulated PD-L1 in the same panel of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells when they were co-cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the upregulation of PD-L1 could be blocked by an IFNγ-neutralizing antibody. Inhibition of HER2 intrinsic signaling via HER2 expression knockdown or kinase inhibition had variable and cell-context-specific effects on downregulating the PD-L1 level. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database showed no direct correlation between HER2 and PD-L1 at the messenger RNA level. Trastuzumab-mediated upregulation of PD-L1 through engagement of immune effector cells may function as a potential mechanism of trastuzumab resistance. Our data justify further investigation of the value of adding anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy to trastuzumab-based treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat K R Chaganty
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Songbo Qiu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anneliese Gest
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in controlling tissue development and maintaining normal tissue function. Dysregulated angiogenesis is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, particularly diabetes, cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders. As the major regulator of angiogenesis, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family is composed of a group of crucial members including VEGF-B. While the physiological roles of VEGF-B remain debatable, increasing evidence suggests that this protein is able to protect certain type of cells from apoptosis under pathological conditions. More importantly, recent studies reveal that VEGF-B is involved in lipid transport and energy metabolism, implicating this protein in obesity, diabetes and related metabolic complications. This article summarizes the current knowledge and understanding of VEGF-B in physiology and pathology, and shed light on the therapeutic potential of this crucial protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Mingming Gao
- b Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yue Tong
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Van Bergen T, Hu TT, Etienne I, Reyns GE, Moons L, Feyen JHM. Neutralization of placental growth factor as a novel treatment option in diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2017; 165:136-150. [PMID: 28965804 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The current standard of care in clinical practice for diabetic retinopathy (DR), anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, has shown a significant improvement in visual acuity. However, treatment response can be variable and might be associated with potential side effects. This study was designed to investigate inhibition of placental growth factor (PlGF) as a possible alternative therapy for DR. The effect of the anti-PlGF antibody (PL5D11D4) was preclinically evaluated in various animal models by investigating different DR hallmarks, including inflammation, neurodegeneration, vascular leakage and fibrosis. The in vivo efficacy was tested in diabetic streptozotocin (STZ) and Akimba models and in the laser induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model. Intravitreal (IVT) administration of the anti-PlGF antibody was compared to anti-VEGFR-2 antibody (DC101), anti-VEGF antibody (B20), VEGF-Trap (aflibercept) and triamcinolone acetonide (TAAC). Vascular leakage was investigated in the mouse STZ model by fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) perfusion and in the Akimba model by fluorescein angiography (FA). Repeated IVT administration of the anti-PlGF antibody reduced vascular leakage, which was comparable to a single administration of VEGFR-2 inhibition in the mouse STZ model. PL5D11D4 treatment did not alter retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density, as demonstrated by Brn3a staining, whereas DC101 significantly reduced RGC number with 20%. Immunohistological stainings were performed to investigate inflammation (CD45, F4/80) and fibrosis (collagen type 1a). In the CNV model, IVT injection(s) of PL5D11D4 dose-dependently reduced inflammation and fibrosis, as compared to PBS treatment. Equimolar single administration of the anti-PlGF antibody and aflibercept (21 nM) and TAAC decreased leukocyte and macrophage infiltration with 50%, whereas DC101 and B20 (21 nM) had no effect on the inflammatory response. Similar results were observed in the mouse STZ model on the number of microglia and macrophages in the retina. Repeated administration of PL5D11D4 (21 nM) and TAAC similarly reduced fibrosis, while no effect was observed after equimolar DC101, B20 nor aflibercept administration (21 nM). In summary, the anti-PlGF antibody showed comparable efficacy as well-characterized VEGF-inhibitor on the process of vascular leakage, but differentiates itself by also reducing inflammation and fibrosis, without triggering a neurodegenerative response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tine Van Bergen
- ThromboGenics NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Tjing-Tjing Hu
- ThromboGenics NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | | | - Geert E Reyns
- ThromboGenics NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Lieve Moons
- Department of Biology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jean H M Feyen
- ThromboGenics NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kazmierczak PM, Todica A, Gildehaus FJ, Hirner-Eppeneder H, Brendel M, Eschbach RS, Hellmann M, Nikolaou K, Reiser MF, Wester HJ, Kropf S, Rominger A, Cyran CC. 68Ga-TRAP-(RGD)3 Hybrid Imaging for the In Vivo Monitoring of αvß3-Integrin Expression as Biomarker of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy Effects in Experimental Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168248. [PMID: 27992512 PMCID: PMC5167276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate 68Ga-TRAP-(RGD)3 hybrid imaging for the in vivo monitoring of αvß3-integrin expression as biomarker of anti-angiogenic therapy effects in experimental breast cancer. Materials and Methods Human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) xenografts were implanted orthotopically into the mammary fat pads of n = 25 SCID mice. Transmission/emission scans (53 min to 90 min after i.v. injection of 20 MBq 68Ga-TRAP-(RGD)3) were performed on a dedicated small animal PET before (day 0, baseline) and after (day 7, follow-up) a 1-week therapy with the VEGF antibody bevacizumab or placebo (imaging cohort n = 13; therapy n = 7, control n = 6). The target-to-background ratio (TBR, VOImaxtumor/VOImeanmuscle) served as semiquantitative measure of tumor radiotracer uptake. Unenhanced CT data sets were subsequently acquired for anatomic coregistration and morphology-based tumor response assessments (CT volumetry). The imaging results were validated by multiparametric ex vivo immunohistochemistry (αvß3-integrin, microvascular density–CD31, proliferation–Ki-67, apoptosis–TUNEL) conducted in a dedicated immunohistochemistry cohort (n = 12). Results 68Ga-TRAP-(RGD)3 binding was significantly reduced under VEGF inhibition and decreased in all bevacizumab-treated animals (ΔTBRfollow-up/baseline: therapy -1.07±0.83, control +0.32±1.01, p = 0.022). No intergroup difference in tumor volume development between day 0 and day 7 was observed (Δvolumetherapy 134±77 μL, Δvolumecontrol 132±56 μL, p = 1.000). Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant reduction of αvß3-integrin expression (308±135 vs. 635±325, p = 0.03), microvascular density (CD31, 168±108 vs. 432±70, p = 0.002), proliferation (Ki-67, 5,195±1,002 vs. 7,574±418, p = 0.004) and significantly higher apoptosis (TUNEL, 14,432±1,974 vs. 3,776±1,378, p = 0.002) in the therapy compared to the control group. Conclusions 68Ga-TRAP-(RGD)3 hybrid imaging allows for the in vivo assessment of αvß3-integrin expression as biomarker of anti-angiogenic therapy effects in experimental breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M. Kazmierczak
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, München, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrei Todica
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, München, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Gildehaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, München, Germany
| | - Heidrun Hirner-Eppeneder
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, München, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, München, Germany
| | - Ralf S. Eschbach
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, München, Germany
| | - Magdalena Hellmann
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, München, Germany
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian F. Reiser
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, München, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | | | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, München, Germany
| | - Clemens C. Cyran
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Laboratory for Experimental Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Baldwin JG, Wagner F, Martine LC, Holzapfel BM, Theodoropoulos C, Bas O, Savi FM, Werner C, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Hutmacher DW. Periosteum tissue engineering in an orthotopic in vivo platform. Biomaterials 2016; 121:193-204. [PMID: 28092776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The periosteum plays a critical role in bone homeostasis and regeneration. It contains a vascular component that provides vital blood supply to the cortical bone and an osteogenic niche that acts as a source of bone-forming cells. Periosteal grafts have shown promise in the regeneration of critical size defects, however their limited availability restricts their widespread clinical application. Only a small number of tissue-engineered periosteum constructs (TEPCs) have been reported in the literature. A current challenge in the development of appropriate TEPCs is a lack of pre-clinical models in which they can reliably be evaluated. In this study, we present a novel periosteum tissue engineering concept utilizing a multiphasic scaffold design in combination with different human cell types for periosteal regeneration in an orthotopic in vivo platform. Human endothelial and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were used to mirror both the vascular and osteogenic niche respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that the BM-MSCs maintained their undifferentiated phenotype. The human endothelial cells developed into mature vessels and connected to host vasculature. The addition of an in vitro engineered endothelial network increased vascularization in comparison to cell-free constructs. Altogether, the results showed that the human TEPC (hTEPC) successfully recapitulated the osteogenic and vascular niche of native periosteum, and that the presented orthotopic xenograft model provides a suitable in vivo environment for evaluating scaffold-based tissue engineering concepts exploiting human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Baldwin
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - F Wagner
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery for the University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - L C Martine
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - B M Holzapfel
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Koenig-Ludwig Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - C Theodoropoulos
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - O Bas
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - F M Savi
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - C Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - E M De-Juan-Pardo
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ferrara N. Commentary on "Humanization of an Anti-VEGF Monoclonal Antibody for the Therapy of Solid Tumors and Other Disorders". Cancer Res 2016; 76:4913-5. [PMID: 27587649 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Napoleone Ferrara
- University of California San Diego Medical Center, La Jolla, California.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bogdanovich S, Kim Y, Mizutani T, Yasuma R, Tudisco L, Cicatiello V, Bastos-Carvalho A, Kerur N, Hirano Y, Baffi JZ, Tarallo V, Li S, Yasuma T, Arpitha P, Fowler BJ, Wright CB, Apicella I, Greco A, Brunetti A, Ruvo M, Sandomenico A, Nozaki M, Ijima R, Kaneko H, Ogura Y, Terasaki H, Ambati BK, Leusen JH, Langdon WY, Clark MR, Armour KL, Bruhns P, Verbeek JS, Gelfand BD, De Falco S, Ambati J. Human IgG1 antibodies suppress angiogenesis in a target-independent manner. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2016; 1. [PMID: 26918197 PMCID: PMC4763941 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant angiogenesis is implicated in diseases affecting nearly 10% of the world’s population. The most widely used anti-angiogenic drug is bevacizumab, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets human VEGFA. Although bevacizumab does not recognize mouse Vegfa, it inhibits angiogenesis in mice. Here we show bevacizumab suppressed angiogenesis in three mouse models not via Vegfa blockade but rather Fc-mediated signaling through FcγRI (CD64) and c-Cbl, impairing macrophage migration. Other approved humanized or human IgG1 antibodies without mouse targets (adalimumab, alemtuzumab, ofatumumab, omalizumab, palivizumab and tocilizumab), mouse IgG2a, and overexpression of human IgG1-Fc or mouse IgG2a-Fc, also inhibited angiogenesis in wild-type and FcγR humanized mice. This anti-angiogenic effect was abolished by Fcgr1 ablation or knockdown, Fc cleavage, IgG-Fc inhibition, disruption of Fc-FcγR interaction, or elimination of FcRγ-initated signaling. Furthermore, bevacizumab’s Fc region potentiated its anti-angiogenic activity in humanized VEGFA mice. Finally, mice deficient in FcγRI exhibited increased developmental and pathological angiogenesis. These findings reveal an unexpected anti-angiogenic function for FcγRI and a potentially concerning off-target effect of hIgG1 therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Bogdanovich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Younghee Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Takeshi Mizutani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Reo Yasuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Laura Tudisco
- Angiogenesis Lab, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Cicatiello
- Angiogenesis Lab, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-CNR, Naples, Italy; Bio-Ker, MultiMedica Group, Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Bastos-Carvalho
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nagaraj Kerur
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yoshio Hirano
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Judit Z Baffi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Valeria Tarallo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Angiogenesis Lab, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Shengjian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tetsuhiro Yasuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Arpitha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Benjamin J Fowler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charles B Wright
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ivana Apicella
- Angiogenesis Lab, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, s.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, s.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Miho Nozaki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryo Ijima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ogura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroko Terasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Balamurali K Ambati
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeanette Hw Leusen
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wallace Y Langdon
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael R Clark
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathryn L Armour
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1222, Paris, France
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bradley D Gelfand
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sandro De Falco
- Angiogenesis Lab, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-CNR, Naples, Italy; IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Jayakrishna Ambati
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gille H, Hülsmeyer M, Trentmann S, Matschiner G, Christian HJ, Meyer T, Amirkhosravi A, Audoly LP, Hohlbaum AM, Skerra A. Functional characterization of a VEGF-A-targeting Anticalin, prototype of a novel therapeutic human protein class. Angiogenesis 2015; 19:79-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-015-9490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
22
|
Khan KA, Bicknell R. Anti-angiogenic alternatives to VEGF blockade. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 33:197-210. [PMID: 26620208 PMCID: PMC4761368 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a major requirement for tumour formation and development. Anti-angiogenic treatments aim to starve the tumour of nutrients and oxygen and also guard against metastasis. The main anti-angiogenic agents to date have focused on blocking the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). While this approach has seen some success and has provided a proof of principle that such anti-angiogenic agents can be used as treatment, the overall outcome of VEGF blockade has been somewhat disappointing. There is a current need for new strategies in inhibiting tumour angiogenesis; this article will review current and historical examples in blocking various membrane receptors and components of the extracellular matrix important in angiogenesis. Targeting these newly discovered pro-angiogenic proteins could provide novel strategies for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kabir A Khan
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Cardiovascular Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Cardiovascular Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Heckel T, Schmucki R, Berrera M, Ringshandl S, Badi L, Steiner G, Ravon M, Küng E, Kuhn B, Kratochwil NA, Schmitt G, Kiialainen A, Nowaczyk C, Daff H, Khan AP, Lekolool I, Pelle R, Okoth E, Bishop R, Daubenberger C, Ebeling M, Certa U. Functional analysis and transcriptional output of the Göttingen minipig genome. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:932. [PMID: 26573612 PMCID: PMC4647470 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decade the Göttingen minipig has gained increasing recognition as animal model in pharmaceutical and safety research because it recapitulates many aspects of human physiology and metabolism. Genome-based comparison of drug targets together with quantitative tissue expression analysis allows rational prediction of pharmacology and cross-reactivity of human drugs in animal models thereby improving drug attrition which is an important challenge in the process of drug development. RESULTS Here we present a new chromosome level based version of the Göttingen minipig genome together with a comparative transcriptional analysis of tissues with pharmaceutical relevance as basis for translational research. We relied on mapping and assembly of WGS (whole-genome-shotgun sequencing) derived reads to the reference genome of the Duroc pig and predict 19,228 human orthologous protein-coding genes. Genome-based prediction of the sequence of human drug targets enables the prediction of drug cross-reactivity based on conservation of binding sites. We further support the finding that the genome of Sus scrofa contains about ten-times less pseudogenized genes compared to other vertebrates. Among the functional human orthologs of these minipig pseudogenes we found HEPN1, a putative tumor suppressor gene. The genomes of Sus scrofa, the Tibetan boar, the African Bushpig, and the Warthog show sequence conservation of all inactivating HEPN1 mutations suggesting disruption before the evolutionary split of these pig species. We identify 133 Sus scrofa specific, conserved long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the minipig genome and show that these transcripts are highly conserved in the African pigs and the Tibetan boar suggesting functional significance. Using a new minipig specific microarray we show high conservation of gene expression signatures in 13 tissues with biomedical relevance between humans and adult minipigs. We underline this relationship for minipig and human liver where we could demonstrate similar expression levels for most phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes. Higher expression levels and metabolic activities were found for FMO1, AKR/CRs and for phase II drug metabolizing enzymes in minipig as compared to human. The variability of gene expression in equivalent human and minipig tissues is considerably higher in minipig organs, which is important for study design in case a human target belongs to this variable category in the minipig. The first analysis of gene expression in multiple tissues during development from young to adult shows that the majority of transcriptional programs are concluded four weeks after birth. This finding is in line with the advanced state of human postnatal organ development at comparative age categories and further supports the minipig as model for pediatric drug safety studies. CONCLUSIONS Genome based assessment of sequence conservation combined with gene expression data in several tissues improves the translational value of the minipig for human drug development. The genome and gene expression data presented here are important resources for researchers using the minipig as model for biomedical research or commercial breeding. Potential impact of our data for comparative genomics, translational research, and experimental medicine are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heckel
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Schmucki
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marco Berrera
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan Ringshandl
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Badi
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Guido Steiner
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Morgane Ravon
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Erich Küng
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nicole A Kratochwil
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Georg Schmitt
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Kiialainen
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Corinne Nowaczyk
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Hamina Daff
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Azinwi Phina Khan
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Isaac Lekolool
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
| | - Roger Pelle
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
| | - Edward Okoth
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
| | - Richard Bishop
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstr. 57, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Ebeling
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrich Certa
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hervé V, Rabbe N, Guilleminault L, Paul F, Schlick L, Azzopardi N, Duruisseaux M, Fouquenet D, Montharu J, Redini F, Paintaud G, Lemarié E, Cadranel J, Wislez M, Heuzé-Vourc'h N. VEGF neutralizing aerosol therapy in primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma with K-ras activating-mutations. MAbs 2015; 6:1638-48. [PMID: 25484066 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.34454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
K-ras mutations promote angiogenesis in lung cancer and contribute to the drug resistance of cancer cells. It is not clear whether K-ras mutated adenocarcinomas are sensitive to anti-angiogenic therapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Anti-angiogenic mAbs are usually delivered systemically, but only a small proportion reaches the lung after intravenous injection. We investigated the relevance of a non-invasive pulmonary route for the delivery of anti-VEGF mAbs in the mouse K-ras(LA1) model. We found that pulmonary delivery of these mAbs significantly reduced the number of tumor lesions and inhibited malignant progression. The antitumor effect involves the VEGFR2-dependent inhibition of blood vessel growth, which impairs tumor proliferation. Pharmacokinetic analysis of aerosolized anti-VEGF showed its low rate of passage into the bloodstream, suggesting that this delivery route is associated with reduced systemic side effects. Our findings highlight the value of the aerosol route for administration of anti-angiogenic mAbs in pulmonary adenocarcinoma with K-ras activating-mutations.
Collapse
|
25
|
Transplantation of PEDF-transfected pigment epithelial cells inhibits corneal neovascularization in a rabbit model. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 253:1061-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-2954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
|
26
|
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mitogen for endothelial cells and plays an important role in physiological and tumor angiogenesis. The human VEGF gene has eight exons. Different VEGF isoforms are expressed via alternative RNA splicing and VEGF121 and VEGF165 are the major isoforms present in human tissues. The exact roles of these different VEGF isoforms are not totally clear. Assays to detect specific VEGF isoforms in biological samples are needed to understand the biological functions of these different VEGF isoforms and to better assess their potential use as predicative biomarkers for anti-angiogenic therapy. Because monoclonal antibodies specific to different VEGF isoforms are lacking, we used antibodies directed to different epitopes on VEGF165 in a set of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to assess the amount of VEGF121 and VEGF165 as well as VEGF110, which can be generated by plasmin cleavage in vivo. The first ELISA detects VEGF165. The second ELISA detects both VEGF121 and VEGF165. The third ELISA detects VEGF165, VEGF121, and VEGF110. The concentrations of VEGF121 can be assessed from the difference in VEGF concentrations measured by the second and the first ELISAs; the concentrations of VEGF110 can be assessed from the difference in VEGF concentrations measured by the third and the second ELISAs. The same assay strategy may be used to assess the amount of other VEGF isoforms if antibodies directed against the desired amino acids in those isoforms can be obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Vernes
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Marquez BV, Ikotun OF, Parry JJ, Rogers BE, Meares CF, Lapi SE. Development of a Radiolabeled Irreversible Peptide Ligand for PET Imaging of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1029-34. [PMID: 24732153 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.130898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Imaging agents based on peptide probes have desirable pharmacokinetic properties provided that they have high affinities for their target in vivo. An approach to improve a peptide ligand's affinity for its target is to make this interaction covalent and irreversible. For this purpose, we evaluated a (64)Cu-labeled affinity peptide tag, (64)Cu-L19K-(5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) ((64)Cu-L19K-FDNB), which binds covalently and irreversibly to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a PET imaging agent. We compared the in vivo properties of (64)Cu-L19K-FDNB in VEGF-expressing tumor xenografts with its noncovalent binding analogs, (64)Cu-L19K-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) ((64)Cu-L19K-DNP) and (64)Cu-L19K. METHODS The L19K peptide (GGNECDIARMWEWECFERK-CONH2) was constructed with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid at the N terminus for radiolabeling with (64)Cu with a polyethylene glycol spacer between peptide and chelate. 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was conjugated at the C-terminal lysine for cross-linking to VEGF, resulting in L19K-FDNB. (64)Cu-L19K-FDNB was assayed for covalent binding to VEGF in vitro. As a control, L19K was conjugated to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, resulting in L19K-DNP. PET imaging and biodistribution studies of (64)Cu-L19K-FDNB, (64)Cu-L19K-DNP, and the native (64)Cu-L19K were compared in HCT-116 xenografts. Blocking studies of (64)Cu-L19K-FDNB was performed with a coinjection of excess unlabeled L19K-FDNB. RESULTS In vitro binding studies confirmed the covalent and irreversible binding of (64)Cu-L19K-FDNB to VEGF, whereas (64)Cu-L19K-DNP and (64)Cu-L19K did not bind covalently. PET imaging showed higher tumor uptake with (64)Cu-L19K-FDNB than with (64)Cu-L19K-DNP and (64)Cu-L19K, with mean standardized uptake values of 0.62 ± 0.05, 0.18 ± 0.06, and 0.34 ± 0.14, respectively, at 24 h after injection (P < 0.05), and 0.53 ± 0.05, 0.32 ± 0.14, and 0.30 ± 0.09, respectively, at 48 h after injection (P < 0.05). Blocking studies with (64)Cu-L19K-FDNB in the presence of excess unlabeled peptide showed a 53% reduction in tumor uptake at 48 h after injection. CONCLUSION In this proof-of-concept study, the use of a covalent binding peptide ligand against VEGF improves tracer accumulation at the tumor site in vivo, compared with its noncovalent binding peptide analogs. This technique is a promising tool to enhance the potency of peptide probes as imaging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette V Marquez
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Oluwatayo F Ikotun
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jesse J Parry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Claude F Meares
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Patnaik A, LoRusso PM, Messersmith WA, Papadopoulos KP, Gore L, Beeram M, Ramakrishnan V, Kim AH, Beyer JC, Mason Shih L, Darbonne WC, Xin Y, Yu R, Xiang H, Brachmann RK, Weekes CD. A Phase Ib study evaluating MNRP1685A, a fully human anti-NRP1 monoclonal antibody, in combination with bevacizumab and paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 73:951-60. [PMID: 24633809 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MNRP1685A is a human monoclonal antibody that blocks binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-B, and placental growth factor 2 to neuropilin-1 resulting in vessel immaturity and VEGF dependency. The safety of combining MNRP1685A with bevacizumab, with or without paclitaxel, was examined. METHODS Patients with advanced solid tumors received escalating doses of MNRP1685A (7.5, 15, 24, and 36 mg/kg) with bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks in Arm A (n = 14). Arm B (n = 10) dosing consisted of MNRP1685A (12 and 16 mg/kg) with bevacizumab 10 mg/kg (every 2 weeks) and paclitaxel 90 mg/m(2) (weekly, 3 of 4 weeks). Objectives were to determine safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and the maximum tolerated dose of MNRP1685A. RESULTS Infusion reactions (88 %) and transient thrombocytopenia (67 %) represent the most frequent study drug-related adverse events (AEs). Drug-related Grade 2 or 3 proteinuria occurred in 13 patients (54 %). Additional study drug-related AEs occurring in >20 % of patients included neutropenia, alopecia, dysphonia, fatigue, and nausea. Neutropenia occurred only in Arm B. Grade ≥3 study drug-related AEs in ≥3 patients included neutropenia (Arm B), proteinuria, and thrombocytopenia. Two confirmed and three unconfirmed partial responses were observed. CONCLUSIONS The safety profiles were consistent with the single-agent profiles of all study drugs. However, a higher than expected rate of clinically significant proteinuria was observed that does not support further testing of MNRP1685A in combination with bevacizumab.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bevacizumab
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neuropilin-1/administration & dosage
- Neuropilin-1/therapeutic use
- Paclitaxel/adverse effects
- Paclitaxel/pharmacokinetics
- Paclitaxel/therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amita Patnaik
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, 4383 Medical Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang J, Wang Q, Qiao C, Lin Z, Li X, Huang Y, Zhou T, Li Y, Shen B, Lv M, Feng J. Potent anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor activity of a novel human anti-VEGF antibody, MIL60. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 11:285-93. [PMID: 24608894 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial for tumor development, growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been implicated in promoting solid tumor growth and metastasis via stimulating tumor-associated angiogenesis, and blocking the activity of VEGF can starve tumors. Avastin, which is a humanized anti-VEGF antibody, has been successfully applied in clinics since 2004. However, the price of Avastin is extremely high for Chinese people. Here, we report a novel human anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody, MIL60, which shows an affinity comparable to that of Avastin (the KD value of MIL60 was 44.5 pM, while that of Avastin was 42.7 pM). MIL60 displays favorable actions in inhibiting VEGF-triggered endothelial cell proliferation (the IC50 value of MIL60 was 31±6.4 ng/ml and that of Avastin was 47±8.1 ng/ml), migration (8 µg/ml or 0.8 µg/ml MIL60 versus the control: P<0.05) and tube formation (2 µg/ml or 0.2 µg/ml MIL60 versus the control: P<0.05) via the VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Moreover, MIL60 was shown to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo in xenograft models of human colon carcinoma and ovarian cancer using immunotherapy and immunohistochemistry analysis (MIL60 versus N.S.: P=0.0007; Avastin versus N.S.: P=0.00046). These data suggest that MIL60 is a potential therapeutic, anti-angiogenic agent. Our work provides a novel anti-VEGF antibody, which can be considered an anti-tumor antibody candidate and a new option for patients with various cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- 1] Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China [2] Department of Pathogens and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxia Qiao
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Lin
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Lv
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Feng
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alam F, Chung SW, Hwang SR, Kim JY, Park J, Moon HT, Byun Y. Preliminary safety evaluation of a taurocholate-conjugated low-molecular-weight heparin derivative (LHT7): a potent angiogenesis inhibitor. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:104-15. [PMID: 24532548 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In our previous studies, taurocholic acid (TA)-conjugated low-molecular-weight heparin derivative (LHT7) has been proven to be a potent anti-angiogenic agent by demonstrated successful blockage capability of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). Preliminary safety evaluations were conducted based on its mechanism of action and chemical behavior. For this purpose, acute toxicity study, and hematological and serological evaluations were carried out. Additionally, in order to evaluate mechanism-related side effects, both blood pressure and the occurrence of proteinuria were measured using a treatment regime of multiple high doses of LHT7 in a biodistribution study. LD50 values for LHT7 in female and male mice were 56.9 and 64.7 mg kg(-1) doses, respectively. There were no vital fluctuations in the serological and hematological parameters, except for the elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) doses of LHT7, representing vital changes in the liver function. Moreover, the results of mechanism-related studies showed that blood pressure at 50 mg kg(-1) did not change but showed elevated levels of protein in urine. In the biodistribution study, a slight accumulation of LHT7 in the kidney and the liver were observed at the 50 mg kg(-1) repeated dose owing to the presence of bile acid. No fatal damage was observed in this study; most observations were related to the chemical composition or the mechanism of action of the material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Alam
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
D'Amico G, Korhonen EA, Anisimov A, Zarkada G, Holopainen T, Hägerling R, Kiefer F, Eklund L, Sormunen R, Elamaa H, Brekken RA, Adams RH, Koh GY, Saharinen P, Alitalo K. Tie1 deletion inhibits tumor growth and improves angiopoietin antagonist therapy. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:824-34. [PMID: 24430181 DOI: 10.1172/jci68897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial Tie1 receptor is ligand-less, but interacts with the Tie2 receptor for angiopoietins (Angpt). Angpt2 is expressed in tumor blood vessels, and its blockade inhibits tumor angiogenesis. Here we found that Tie1 deletion from the endothelium of adult mice inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth by decreasing endothelial cell survival in tumor vessels, without affecting normal vasculature. Treatment with VEGF or VEGFR-2 blocking antibodies similarly reduced tumor angiogenesis and growth; however, no additive inhibition was obtained by targeting both Tie1 and VEGF/VEGFR-2. In contrast, treatment of Tie1-deficient mice with a soluble form of the extracellular domain of Tie2, which blocks Angpt activity, resulted in additive inhibition of tumor growth. Notably, Tie1 deletion decreased sprouting angiogenesis and increased Notch pathway activity in the postnatal retinal vasculature, while pharmacological Notch suppression in the absence of Tie1 promoted retinal hypervasularization. Moreover, substantial additive inhibition of the retinal vascular front migration was observed when Angpt2 blocking antibodies were administered to Tie1-deficient pups. Thus, Tie1 regulates tumor angiogenesis, postnatal sprouting angiogenesis, and endothelial cell survival, which are controlled by VEGF, Angpt, and Notch signals. Our results suggest that targeting Tie1 in combination with Angpt/Tie2 has the potential to improve antiangiogenic therapy.
Collapse
|
32
|
Mross K, Richly H, Fischer R, Scharr D, Büchert M, Stern A, Gille H, Audoly LP, Scheulen ME. First-in-human phase I study of PRS-050 (Angiocal), an Anticalin targeting and antagonizing VEGF-A, in patients with advanced solid tumors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83232. [PMID: 24349470 PMCID: PMC3862718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To report the nonrandomized first-in-human phase I trial of PRS-050, a novel, rationally engineered Anticalin based on human tear lipocalin that targets and antagonizes vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Methods Patients with advanced solid tumors received PRS-050 at 0.1 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg by IV in successive dosing cohorts according to the 3+3 escalation scheme. The primary end point was safety. Results Twenty-six patients were enrolled; 25 were evaluable. Two patients experienced dose-limiting toxicity, comprising grade (G) 3 hypertension and G3 pyrexia, respectively. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Most commonly reported treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) included chills (52%; G3, 4%), fatigue (52%; G3, 4%), hypertension (44%; G3, 16%), and nausea (40%, all G1/2). No anti–PRS-050 antibodies following multiple administration of the drug were detected. PRS-050 showed dose-proportional pharmacokinetics (PK), with a terminal half-life of approximately 6 days. Free VEGF-A was detectable at baseline in 9/25 patients, becoming rapidly undetectable after PRS-050 infusion for up to 3 weeks. VEGF-A/PRS-050 complex was detectable for up to 3 weeks at all dose levels, including in patients without detectable baseline-free VEGF-A. We also detected a significant reduction in circulating matrix metalloproteinase 2, suggesting this end point could be a pharmacodynamic (PD) marker of the drug’s activity. Conclusions PRS-050, a novel Anticalin with high affinity for VEGF-A, was well-tolerated when administered at the highest dose tested, 10 mg/kg. Based on target engagement and PK/PD data, the recommended phase II dose is 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks administered as a 120-minute infusion. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01141257 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01141257
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Mross
- Klinik für Tumorbiologie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Heike Richly
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Richard Fischer
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, German
| | - Dirk Scharr
- Klinik für Tumorbiologie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Büchert
- Magnetic Resonance Development and Application Center, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Max E. Scheulen
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Corrada D, Colombo G. Energetic and dynamic aspects of the affinity maturation process: characterizing improved variants from the bevacizumab antibody with molecular simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:2937-50. [PMID: 24168661 DOI: 10.1021/ci400416e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibody affinity maturation is one of the fundamental processes of immune defense against invading pathogens. From the biological point of view, the clonal selection hypothesis represents the most accepted mechanism to explain how mutations increasing the affinity for target antigens are introduced and selected in antibody molecules. However, understanding at the molecular level how protein modifications, such as point mutation, can modify and modulate the affinity of an antibody for its antigen is still a major open issue in molecular biology. In this paper, we address various aspects of this problem by analyzing and comparing atomistic simulations of 17 variants of the bevacizumab antibody, all directed against the common target protein VEGF-A. In particular, we examine MD-based descriptors of the internal energetics and dynamics of mutated antibodies and their possible correlations with experimentally determined affinities for the antigens. Our results show that affinity improvement is correlated with a variation of the internal stabilization energy of the antibody molecule when bound to the antigen, compensated by the variation in the interaction energy between the antigen and the antibody, paralleled by an overall modulation of internal coordination within the antibody molecular structure. A possible model of the mechanism of rigidification and of the main residues involved is proposed. Overall, our results can help in understanding the molecular determinants of antigen recognition and have implications in the rational design of new antibodies with optimized affinities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Corrada
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ICRM) , via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Brauer MJ, Zhuang G, Schmidt M, Yao J, Wu X, Kaminker JS, Jurinka SS, Kolumam G, Chung AS, Jubb A, Modrusan Z, Ozawa T, James CD, Phillips H, Haley B, Tam RNW, Clermont AC, Cheng JH, Yang SX, Swain SM, Chen D, Scherer SJ, Koeppen H, Yeh RF, Yue P, Stephan JP, Hegde P, Ferrara N, Singh M, Bais C. Identification and analysis of in vivo VEGF downstream markers link VEGF pathway activity with efficacy of anti-VEGF therapies. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3681-92. [PMID: 23685835 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify conserved pharmacodynamic and potential predictive biomarkers of response to anti-VEGF therapy using gene expression profiling in preclinical tumor models and in patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Surrogate markers of VEGF inhibition [VEGF-dependent genes or VEGF-dependent vasculature (VDV)] were identified by profiling gene expression changes induced in response to VEGF blockade in preclinical tumor models and in human biopsies from patients treated with anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies. The potential value of VDV genes as candidate predictive biomarkers was tested by correlating high or low VDV gene expression levels in pretreatment clinical samples with the subsequent clinical efficacy of bevacizumab (anti-VEGF)-containing therapy. RESULTS We show that VDV genes, including direct and more distal VEGF downstream endothelial targets, enable detection of VEGF signaling inhibition in mouse tumor models and human tumor biopsies. Retrospective analyses of clinical trial data indicate that patients with higher VDV expression in pretreatment tumor samples exhibited improved clinical outcome when treated with bevacizumab-containing therapies. CONCLUSIONS In this work, we identified surrogate markers (VDV genes) for in vivo VEGF signaling in tumors and showed clinical data supporting a correlation between pretreatment VEGF bioactivity and the subsequent efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy. We propose that VDV genes are candidate biomarkers with the potential to aid the selection of novel indications as well as patients likely to respond to anti-VEGF therapy. The data presented here define a diagnostic biomarker hypothesis based on translational research that warrants further evaluation in additional retrospective and prospective trials.
Collapse
|
35
|
Eklund L, Bry M, Alitalo K. Mouse models for studying angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in cancer. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:259-82. [PMID: 23522958 PMCID: PMC5528409 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is required for the growth of most tumors. The tumor microenvironment also induces lymphangiogenic factors that promote metastatic spread. Anti-angiogenic therapy targets the mechanisms behind the growth of the tumor vasculature. During the past two decades, several strategies targeting blood and lymphatic vessels in tumors have been developed. The blocking of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) signaling has proven effective for inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and growth, and inhibitors of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 involved in lymphangiogenesis have recently entered clinical trials. However, thus far anti-angiogenic treatments have been less effective in humans than predicted on the basis of pre-clinical tests in mice. Intrinsic and induced resistance against anti-angiogenesis occurs in patients, and thus far the clinical benefit of the treatments has been limited to modest improvements in overall survival in selected tumor types. Our current knowledge of tumor angiogenesis is based mainly on experiments performed in tumor-transplanted mice, and it has become evident that these models are not representative of human cancer. For an improved understanding, angiogenesis research needs models that better recapitulate the multistep tumorigenesis of human cancers, from the initial genetic insults in single cells to malignant progression in a proper tissue environment. To improve anti-angiogenic therapies in cancer patients, it is necessary to identify additional molecular targets important for tumor angiogenesis, and to get mechanistic insight into their interactions for eventual combinatorial targeting. The recent development of techniques for manipulating the mammalian genome in a precise and predictable manner has opened up new possibilities for the generation of more reliable models of human cancer that are essential for the testing of new therapeutic strategies. In addition, new imaging modalities that permit visualization of the entire mouse tumor vasculature down to the resolution of single capillaries have been developed in pre-clinical models and will likely benefit clinical imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Eklund
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O.B. 5000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cecchi F, Pajalunga D, Fowler CA, Uren A, Rabe DC, Peruzzi B, MacDonald NJ, Blackman DK, Stahl SJ, Byrd RA, Bottaro DP. Targeted disruption of heparan sulfate interaction with hepatocyte and vascular endothelial growth factors blocks normal and oncogenic signaling. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:250-62. [PMID: 22897854 PMCID: PMC3422512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) regulate normal development and homeostasis and drive disease progression in many forms of cancer. Both proteins signal by binding to receptor tyrosine kinases and heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans on target cell surfaces. Basic residues comprising the primary HS binding sites on HGF and VEGF provide similar surface charge distributions without underlying structural similarity. Combining three acidic amino acid substitutions in these sites in the HGF isoform NK1 or the VEGF isoform VEGF165 transformed each into potent, selective competitive antagonists of their respective normal and oncogenic signaling pathways. Our findings illustrate the importance of HS in growth factor driven cancer progression and reveal an efficient strategy for therapeutic antagonist development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Pajalunga
- Macromolecular NMR Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 USA
- EntreMed, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - C. Andrew Fowler
- Macromolecular NMR Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 USA
| | - Aykut Uren
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20057-1469
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen J. Stahl
- Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2775 USA
| | - R. Andrew Byrd
- Macromolecular NMR Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 USA
| | - Donald P. Bottaro
- Correspondence: Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bldg 10 CRC Rm 2-3952, 10 Center Drive MSC 1107, Bethesda, MD 20892-1107 USA Tel: 301-402-6499, Fax: 301-402-0922,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Modeling and predicting clinical efficacy for drugs targeting the tumor milieu. Nat Biotechnol 2012; 30:648-57. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
38
|
Chung AS, Kowanetz M, Wu X, Zhuang G, Ngu H, Finkle D, Komuves L, Peale F, Ferrara N. Differential drug class-specific metastatic effects following treatment with a panel of angiogenesis inhibitors. J Pathol 2012; 227:404-16. [PMID: 22611017 DOI: 10.1002/path.4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting angiogenesis has become an important therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment but, like other current targeted therapies, benefits experienced for late-stage cancers can be curtailed by inherent refractoriness or by acquired drug resistance, requiring a need for better mechanistic understanding of such effects. Numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated that VEGF pathway inhibitors suppress primary tumour growth and metastasis. However, it has been recently reported that short-term VEGF and VEGFR inhibition can paradoxically accelerate tumour invasiveness and metastasis in certain models. Here we comprehensively compare the effects of both antibody and small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors targeting the VEGF-VEGFR pathway, using short-term therapy in various mouse models of metastasis. Our findings demonstrate that antibody inhibition of VEGF pathway molecules does not promote metastasis, in contrast to selected small molecule RTK inhibitors at elevated-therapeutic drug dosages. In particular, a multi-targeted RTK inhibitor, sunitinib, which most profoundly potentiated metastasis, also increased lung vascular permeability and promoted tumour cell extravasation. Mechanistically, sunitinib, but not anti-VEGF treatment, attenuated endothelial barrier function in culture and caused a global inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, including molecules important for maintaining endothelial cell-cell junctions. Together these findings indicate that, rather than a specific consequence of inhibiting the VEGF signalling pathway, pharmacological inhibitors of the VEGF pathway can have dose- and drug class-dependent side-effects on the host vasculature. These findings also advocate for the continued identification of mechanisms of resistance to anti-angiogenics and for therapy development to overcome it.
Collapse
|
39
|
Weiss A, den Bergh HV, Griffioen AW, Nowak-Sliwinska P. Angiogenesis inhibition for the improvement of photodynamic therapy: the revival of a promising idea. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1826:53-70. [PMID: 22465396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive form of treatment, which is clinically approved for the treatment of angiogenic disorders, including certain forms of cancer and neovascular eye diseases. Although the concept of PDT has existed for a long time now, it has never made a solid entrance into the clinical management of cancer. This is likely due to secondary tissue reactions, such as inflammation and neoangiogenesis. The recent development of clinically effective angiogenesis inhibitors has lead to the initiation of research on the combination of PDT with such angiostatic targeted therapies. Preclinical studies in this research field have shown promising results, causing a revival in the field of PDT. This review reports on the current research efforts on PDT and vascular targeted combination therapies. Different combination strategies with angiogenesis inhibition and vascular targeting approaches are discussed. In addition, the concept of increasing PDT selectivity by targeted delivery of photosensitizers is presented. Furthermore, the current insights on sequencing the therapy arms of such combinations will be discussed in light of vascular normalization induced by angiogenesis inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Weiss
- Medical Photonics Group, Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shojaei F. Anti-angiogenesis therapy in cancer: current challenges and future perspectives. Cancer Lett 2012; 320:130-7. [PMID: 22425960 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been nearly 9years since the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved the first anti-angiogenic drug (bevacizumab) for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Other angiogenic inhibitors have since been approved or are in different stages of clinical trials. However, continued clinical and preclinical investigations have identified major drawbacks associated with the application of this class of agents, including inherent/acquired resistance and induction of tumor invasiveness. In addition, lack of thoroughly validated predictive biomarkers has been one of the major hurdles to stratify cancer patients and to monitor tumor progression and response to the therapy. Investigations in clinic and preclinical models have provided some molecular and cellular mechanisms for the above challenges. This review aims to provide a concise update from recent findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Shojaei
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer La Jolla, CA 92121, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Detection of circulating heparin in cancer patients after port flush of indwelling venous access devices: implications for bevacizumab-associated thrombosis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2012; 23:176-7. [PMID: 22270797 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e32834eb972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
42
|
Pastuskovas CV, Mundo EE, Williams SP, Nayak TK, Ho J, Ulufatu S, Clark S, Ross S, Cheng E, Parsons-Reponte K, Cain G, Van Hoy M, Majidy N, Bheddah S, dela Cruz Chuh J, Kozak KR, Lewin-Koh N, Nauka P, Bumbaca D, Sliwkowski M, Tibbitts J, Theil FP, Fielder PJ, Khawli LA, Boswell CA. Effects of anti-VEGF on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and tumor penetration of trastuzumab in a preclinical breast cancer model. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:752-62. [PMID: 22222630 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0742-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Both human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2/neu) and VEGF overexpression correlate with aggressive phenotypes and decreased survival among breast cancer patients. Concordantly, the combination of trastuzumab (anti-HER2) with bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) has shown promising results in preclinical xenograft studies and in clinical trials. However, despite the known antiangiogenic mechanism of anti-VEGF antibodies, relatively little is known about their effects on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of other antibodies. This study aimed to measure the disposition properties, with a particular emphasis on tumor uptake, of trastuzumab in the presence or absence of anti-VEGF. Radiolabeled trastuzumab was administered alone or in combination with an anti-VEGF antibody to mice bearing HER2-expressing KPL-4 breast cancer xenografts. Biodistribution, autoradiography, and single-photon emission computed tomography-X-ray computed tomography imaging all showed that anti-VEGF administration reduced accumulation of trastuzumab in tumors despite comparable blood exposures and similar distributions in most other tissues. A similar trend was also observed for an isotype-matched IgG with no affinity for HER2, showing reduced vascular permeability to macromolecules. Reduced tumor blood flow (P < 0.05) was observed following anti-VEGF treatment, with no significant differences in the other physiologic parameters measured despite immunohistochemical evidence of reduced vascular density. In conclusion, anti-VEGF preadministration decreased tumor uptake of trastuzumab, and this phenomenon was mechanistically attributed to reduced vascular permeability and blood perfusion. These findings may ultimately help inform dosing strategies to achieve improved clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
43
|
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of VEGF-neutralizing antibodies. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5:193. [PMID: 22104283 PMCID: PMC3229549 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent regulator of angiogenesis, and its role in cancer biology has been widely studied. Many cancer therapies target angiogenesis, with a focus being on VEGF-mediated signaling such as antibodies to VEGF. However, it is difficult to predict the effects of VEGF-neutralizing agents. We have developed a whole-body model of VEGF kinetics and transport under pathological conditions (in the presence of breast tumor). The model includes two major VEGF isoforms VEGF121 and VEGF165, receptors VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and co-receptors Neuropilin-1 and Neuropilin-2. We have added receptors on parenchymal cells (muscle fibers and tumor cells), and incorporated experimental data for the cell surface density of receptors on the endothelial cells, myocytes, and tumor cells. The model is applied to investigate the action of VEGF-neutralizing agents (called "anti-VEGF") in the treatment of cancer. Results Through a sensitivity study, we examine how model parameters influence the level of free VEGF in the tumor, a measure of the response to VEGF-neutralizing drugs. We investigate the effects of systemic properties such as microvascular permeability and lymphatic flow, and of drug characteristics such as the clearance rate and binding affinity. We predict that increasing microvascular permeability in the tumor above 10-5 cm/s elicits the undesired effect of increasing tumor interstitial VEGF concentration beyond even the baseline level. We also examine the impact of the tumor microenvironment, including receptor expression and internalization, as well as VEGF secretion. We find that following anti-VEGF treatment, the concentration of free VEGF in the tumor can vary between 7 and 233 pM, with a dependence on both the density of VEGF receptors and co-receptors and the rate of neuropilin internalization on tumor cells. Finally, we predict that free VEGF in the tumor is reduced following anti-VEGF treatment when VEGF121 comprises at least 25% of the VEGF secreted by tumor cells. Conclusions This study explores the optimal drug characteristics required for an anti-VEGF agent to have a therapeutic effect and the tumor-specific properties that influence the response to therapy. Our model provides a framework for investigating the use of VEGF-neutralizing drugs for personalized medicine treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang H, Yun S, Batuwangala TD, Steward M, Holmes SD, Pan L, Tighiouart M, Shin HJC, Koenig L, Park W, Rycroft D, Nannapaneni S, Wang Y, Chen ZG, Shin DM. A dual-targeting antibody against EGFR-VEGF for lung and head and neck cancer treatment. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:956-69. [PMID: 21918971 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An antibody simultaneously targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), two major tumor growth-driving machineries, may provide a novel effective strategy for optimizing tumor targeting and maximizing potential clinical benefits. Human domain antibodies selected against VEGF and EGFR were formatted into a fully human dual-targeting IgG (DT-IgG) to directly target both antigens in a single molecule. We evaluated the efficacy of DT-IgG in comparison with bevacizumab and cetuximab alone and in combination in the lung cancer cell line A549 (low EGFR expression and KRAS mutant) and the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line Tu212 (high EGFR expression and KRAS wild type) in vitro and in vivo. DT-IgG suppressed Tu212 and A549 cell growth, inhibited EGFR activation and induced apoptosis as effectively as cetuximab, and neutralized VEGF as effectively as bevacizumab. DT-IgG induced EGFR-dependent VEGF internalization, constituting a novel antiangiogenesis mechanism. In xenograft models with lung and head and neck cancer cell lines, DT-IgG displayed efficacy equivalent to bevacizumab in diminishing tumor growth despite its short serum half-life (36 hr in rats) and both agents may constitute preferable alternatives to cetuximab in KRAS-mutant tumors. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that localization of DT-IgG was similar to that of cetuximab, largely associated with EGFR+tumor cells. Our proof of principle study suggests a DT-IgG against EGFR and VEGF as an alternative therapeutic strategy with potentially enhanced clinical benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hurwitz SJ, Zhang H, Yun S, Batuwangala TD, Steward M, Holmes SD, Rycroft D, Pan L, Tighiouart M, Shin HJC, Koenig L, Wang Y, Chen Z, Shin DM. Pharmacodynamics of DT-IgG, a dual-targeting antibody against VEGF-EGFR, in tumor xenografted mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:577-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
46
|
Sullivan LA, Brekken RA. The VEGF family in cancer and antibody-based strategies for their inhibition. MAbs 2011; 2:165-75. [PMID: 20190566 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.2.11360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is required in normal physiological processes, but is also involved in tumor growth, progression and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a primary mediator of angiogenesis in normal physiology and in disease, and other VEGF family members and their receptors provide targets that have been explored extensively for cancer therapy. Small molecule inhibitors and antibody/protein-based strategies that target the VEGF pathway have been studied in multiple types of cancer. This review will focus on VEGF pathway targeting antibodies that are currently being evaluated in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Sullivan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder peculiar to pregnancy, is a systemic syndrome that appears to originate in the placenta and is characterized by widespread maternal endothelial dysfunction. Until recently, the molecular pathogenesis of phenotypic preeclampsia was largely unknown, but recent observations support the hypothesis that altered expression of placental anti-angiogenic factors are responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease. Soluble Flt1 and soluble endoglin, secreted by the placenta, are increased in the maternal circulation weeks before the onset of preeclampsia. These anti-angiogenic factors produce systemic endothelial dysfunction, resulting in hypertension, proteinuria, and the other systemic manifestations of preeclampsia. The molecular basis for placental dysregulation of these pathogenic factors remains unknown, and as of 2011 the role of angiogenic proteins in early placental vascular development was starting to be explored. The data linking angiogenic factors to preeclampsia have exciting clinical implications, and likely will transform the detection and treatment of preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Maynard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Theoretical Analysis of Interplay of Therapeutic Protein Drug and Circulating Soluble Target: Temporal Profiles of ‘Free’ and ‘Total’ Drug and Target. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2447-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
49
|
Saharinen P, Eklund L, Pulkki K, Bono P, Alitalo K. VEGF and angiopoietin signaling in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17:347-62. [PMID: 21481637 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors require blood vessels for growth and dissemination, and lymphatic vessels as additional conduits for metastatic spread. The identification of growth factor receptor pathways regulating angiogenesis has led to the clinical approval of the first antiangiogenic molecules targeted against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 pathway. However, in many cases resistance to anti-VEGF-VEGFR therapy occurs, and thus far the clinical benefit has been limited to only modest improvements in overall survival. Therefore, novel treatment modalities are required. Here, we discuss the members of the VEGF-VEGFR family as well as the angiopoietin growth factors and their Tie receptors as potential novel targets for antiangiogenic and antilymphangiogenic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pipsa Saharinen
- Molecular/Cancer Biology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O.B. 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Comparing protein VEGF inhibitors: In vitro biological studies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 408:276-81. [PMID: 21501594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
VEGF inhibitors are widely used as a therapy for tumors and intravascular neovascular disorders, but limited and conflicting data regarding their relative biological potencies are available. The purpose of the study is to compare different protein VEGF inhibitors for their ability to inhibit VEGF-stimulated activities. We tested ranibizumab, the full-length variant of ranibizumab (Mab Y0317), bevacizumab, the VEGF-TrapR1R2 and Flt(1-3)-IgG in bioassays measuring VEGF-stimulated proliferation of bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cells or chemotaxis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The inhibitors were also compared for their ability to inhibit MAP kinase activation in HUVECs following VEGF addition. Ranibizumab, VEGF-TrapR1R2 and Flt(1-3)-IgG had very similar potencies in the bioassays tested. Bevacizumab was over 10-fold less potent than these molecules. Mab Y0317 was over 30-fold more potent than bevacizumab. The findings reported in this manuscript describe important intrinsic characteristics of several VEGF inhibitors that may be useful to design and interpret preclinical or clinical studies.
Collapse
|